Attached files
| file | filename |
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| EXCEL - IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT - Cordia Bancorp Inc | Financial_Report.xls |
| EX-21.1 - EXHIBIT 21.1 - Cordia Bancorp Inc | v404081_ex21-1.htm |
| EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - Cordia Bancorp Inc | v404081_ex31-1.htm |
| EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - Cordia Bancorp Inc | v404081_ex31-2.htm |
| EX-23.1 - EXHIBIT 23.1 - Cordia Bancorp Inc | v404081_ex23-1.htm |
| EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - Cordia Bancorp Inc | v404081_ex32-1.htm |
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________________ to ____________________
Commission file number: 001-35852
Cordia Bancorp Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Virginia | 26-4700031 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| 11730 Hull Street Road, Midlothian, Virginia | 23112 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (804) 763-1336
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| Common Stock, $0.01 par value | The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC |
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the issuer is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the issuer is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No x
Indicate by check mark if the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T ( § 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K ( § 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ |
Accelerated filer ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company x |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2014 was $22,098,113 based on a closing price of $4.21.
The number of shares of common stock outstanding as of March 05, 2015 was 6,504,106.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2015Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated in Part III of this Form 10-K.
Table of Contents
| i |
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, predictions, forecasts, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believes,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “predicts,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “intends” and similar words or phrases. Accordingly, these statements are only predictions and involve estimates, known and unknown risks, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in them. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of several factors more fully described under the caption “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.
Any or all of the forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be inaccurate. The inclusion of this forward-looking information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the future plans, estimates or expectations contemplated by us will be achieved. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our respective financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. There are important factors that could cause actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements including, but not limited to, statements regarding:
| • | changes in general economic and financial market conditions; | |
| • | changes in the regulatory environment; | |
| • | economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry; | |
| • | changes in the economy affecting real estate values; | |
| • | our ability to achieve loan and deposit growth; | |
| • | the completion of future acquisitions or business combinations and our ability to integrate the acquired business into our business model; | |
| • | projected population and income growth in our targeted market areas; and | |
| • | volatility and direction of market interest rates and a weakening of the economy which could materially impact credit quality trends and the ability to generate loans. |
All forward-looking statements are necessarily only estimates of future results, and actual results may differ materially from expectations. You are, therefore, cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements which should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included elsewhere in this report. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks described in the “Risk Factors” section of this report. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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| Item 1. | Business |
General
Cordia Bancorp Inc. (“Cordia” or the “Company”) was incorporated in Virginia in 2009 by a team of former bank CEOs, directors and advisors seeking to invest in undervalued or troubled community banks in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. On December 10, 2010, Cordia purchased $10,300,000 of the common stock of Bank of Virginia (“BVA” or the “Bank”) at a price of $7.60 per share, resulting in the ownership of 59.8% of the outstanding shares. On August 28, 2012, Cordia purchased an additional $3,000,000 of BVA common stock at a price of $3.60 per share. Cordia’s principal business activity is the ownership of the outstanding shares of common stock of BVA. On March 29, 2013, Cordia and BVA completed a share exchange pursuant to which each outstanding share of BVA common stock held by persons other than Cordia was exchanged for 0.664 of a share of Cordia common stock. As a result of the share exchange, BVA became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cordia. Aside from the shares of BVA common stock, Cordia’s other assets totaled $1.8 million at December 31, 2014, consisting primarily of $1.8 million of cash and $11 thousand of prepaid expenses. In April 2014, Cordia completed a private placement offering totaling $15.4 million, the proceeds of which have been used primarily to support organic growth in BVA.
Cordia does not own or lease any property, but instead uses the premises, equipment and other property of BVA. Because Cordia does not have any business activities separate from the operations of BVA, the information in this document regarding the business of Cordia reflects the activities of Cordia and BVA on a consolidated basis. References to ‘‘we’’ and ‘‘our’’ in this document refer to Cordia and BVA, collectively.
BVA was incorporated in the state of Virginia in September 2002 and commenced business on January 12, 2004. BVA is a state chartered bank headquartered in Midlothian, Virginia with total assets of approximately $318.6 million at December 31, 2014 and is a member of the Federal Reserve System. We provide retail banking services to individuals and commercial customers through five banking locations in Chesterfield County, Virginia and one in Henrico County, Virginia.
Marketing Focus and Business Strategy
BVA is organized to serve consumers and small- to mid-size businesses and professional concerns. We believe that we can be successful by offering a superior level of customer service with a management team more focused on the needs of our borrowers than many of our competitors. We believe that this approach is enthusiastically supported by many members of the community. BVA competes directly with a number of institutions in the local area, including larger regional and super-regional banks, as well as international institutions that tend to have less emphasis on interaction with the customers than the community banks in our target market. BVA offers traditional loan and deposit products for commercial and consumer purposes.
Our banking strategy includes these primary elements:
| • | provide personalized relationship banking to all of our customers at a higher level of service than that provided by nationwide and regional banks, which are among our primary competitors; | |
| • | staff BVA with executive and lending officers who have extensive experience, relationships, and visibility in the Richmond commercial banking market; | |
| • | offer an array of products and services and innovative banking technologies on a competitive basis; | |
| • | focus on reliable and profitable market niches, such as small and medium size businesses; | |
| • | enhance income through a fair but profitable schedule of fees for all bank products and services; | |
| • | add additional branches or loan offices throughout our market area as regulatory and economic conditions may allow; and | |
| • | raise additional capital to support organic growth as well as acquisitions of other depository institutions. |
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Location and Service Area
BVA’s primary market area is the Commonwealth of Virginia, with a focus on Central Virginia. We also lend selectively to borrowers in the states of North Carolina, Maryland and in Washington D.C. In addition, the Bank is receptive to opportunities afforded through prior relationships its board of directors and senior managers may have with individuals or organizations in other states.
BVA provides retail banking services through six full-service banking locations in the greater Richmond, Virginia market, including Chesterfield and Henrico Counties and Colonial Heights, Virginia.
Richmond, the state capital of Virginia, is a city with historic significance and charm, as well as close proximity to recreational attractions such as the Atlantic Ocean, the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Shenandoah Valley, well known theme parks, major educational institutions, historical attractions and many other amenities. Additionally, the Richmond area is in close proximity to other large metropolitan areas, including Norfolk, Virginia and Washington, D.C., and lies at the intersection of two growth corridors coming south along Interstate 95 from Washington, DC and Northern Virginia and coming west along Interstate 64 from the Tidewater area.
BVA’s locations in Chesterfield and Henrico County and the city of Colonial Heights, Virginia, are generally south and west of Downtown Richmond. They offer BVA business opportunities and the potential of strong economic growth through their commercial and industrial enterprises, an educated work force, well-designed and developed infrastructure and a competitive tax structure. These advantages are reflected by the area’s major commercial employers such as Altria, Genworth Financial, Markel Corporation, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Hewlett Packard, Kraft Foods, WellPoint, United Parcel Service, Verizon, Philip Morris, Dupont and others. This economic environment has historically offered a wealth of job opportunities for the residents of the Richmond area.
Lending Services
BVA offers a full range of short-to-medium term commercial and personal loans, in addition to its core lending in owner occupied and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans. Commercial loans include both secured and unsecured loans for working capital (including inventory and receivables), business expansion (including acquisition of real estate and improvements), and purchase of equipment and machinery. Consumer loans and lines of credit include secured and unsecured loans for financing automobiles, home improvements, refinanced student loans, education and personal investments. The Bank does not currently provide new loans for land acquisition, development and construction. Historically, the Bank has not originated significant volume of one-to-four family residential loans.
In 2013 the Bank launched a new initiative partnering with GradCapital, LLC to purchase rehabilitated student loans that are 98% guaranteed by the US Government and serviced by Xerox Education Service. During 2014 and 2013 the Bank purchased an aggregate of $87.4 million of such loans.
In the fourth quarter of 2014 the Bank launched CordiaGrad, a student loan refinancing program aimed at high-achieving student loan borrowers who have earned their degrees, established their careers, and maintained good to excellent credit. CordiaGrad is dedicated to offering significant rate savings to holders of federal, private, or parent student loans. To date, the average CordiaGrad customer has lowered their interest rate by 2.50% and reduced their total interest costs by more than $23,000 over the lifetime of their loans.
Banking Services
BVA offers a full range of deposit services that include interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing checking accounts, commercial accounts, savings and money market accounts, as well as certificates of deposit and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). We solicit these accounts from individuals, businesses, and other organizations. These accounts are tailored to our principal market area at rates competitive to those offered in our market area. All deposit accounts are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (‘‘FDIC’’) up to the maximum amount allowed by law (subject to aggregation rules).
Other Deposit Banking Services
BVA offers online banking, remote deposit capture, mobile banking, text banking, safe deposit boxes, cashier’s checks, banking by mail, and direct deposit. BVA is associated with a worldwide Automated Teller Machines (‘‘ATMs’’) network that is convenient for and offered free to our customers. BVA also offers debit card and credit card services through a correspondent bank, as well as 24-hour telephone banking. BVA is committed to monitoring developments in technology and providing its customers with the latest technological bank products.
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Market Share and Competition
Excluding Capital One Bank, which gathers deposits nationwide over the Internet, as of June 30, 2014 , there were 344 banking offices, representing 31 financial institutions, operating in the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan statistical area (‘‘MSA’’) and holding just over $32.4 billion in deposits including $245.2 million held by Bank of Virginia or 0.76% of the MSA. Within the MSA, our primary market is Chesterfield County, where we had $207.9 million, or 5.3% of a $4.0 billion market base. In addition, our remaining deposits come from our small but growing presence in Henrico County. We believe that our management team and the economic and demographic dynamics of our service area combined with our business strategy will allow us to gain a larger share of both areas’ deposits.
The financial services industry is highly competitive and changes in the competitive landscape continue to affect all aspects of BVA’s business. Our competitors include large national, super regional and regional banks like Wells Fargo, Bank of America, SunTrust and BB&T, as well as numerous community banks competing for the same customer base.
Broadly, competition among providers of financial products and services continues to increase, with consumers having the opportunity to select from a growing variety of traditional and nontraditional alternatives. The industry continues to consolidate, which affects competition by eliminating some regional and community institutions, while strengthening the franchises of acquirers. The ability of non-bank financial entities to provide services previously reserved for commercial banks has also intensified competition.
In the two Virginia counties in which BVA operates, the strongest competition is other local community banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, mortgage companies, finance companies, and insurance companies and others providing financial services. Many competitors have greater capital resources than us and more access to long-term, lower cost sources of funding. They may have extensive advertising campaigns, larger branch networks, and offer a broader selection of services and products. Some competitors have other advantages, such as tax exemption in the case of credit unions, and lesser regulation in the case of mortgage companies and specialty finance companies. These various factors make deposit competition strong among institutions in our primary market area.
Funding Activities
Deposits are the primary source of funds for BVA’s lending and investing activities and their cost is the largest category of interest expense. Scheduled payments, as well as prepayments, and maturities from portfolios of loans and investment securities also provide a stable source of funds. Federal Home Loan Bank (‘‘FHLB’’) advances and other secured and unsecured borrowings all provide supplemental liquidity sources. BVA’s funding activities are monitored and governed through BVA’s overall asset-liability management process. BVA conducts its funding activities in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. The following is a brief description of the various sources of funds used by BVA.
Deposits. Deposits, BVA’s most attractive source of funding because of their stability and relative cost, are attracted principally from clients within BVA’s branch and borrower network and our general market area. We offer a broad selection of deposit instruments to individuals and businesses, including noninterest-bearing checking accounts, interest-bearing checking accounts, savings accounts, money market deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and individual retirement accounts. Deposit account terms vary with respect to the minimum balance required; the time period the funds must remain on deposit and service charge schedules. Interest rates paid on specific deposit types are determined based on (i) the interest rates offered by competitors, (ii) the anticipated amount and timing of funding needs, (iii) the availability and cost of alternative sources of funding, and (iv) the anticipated future economic and interest rate conditions. BVA has also obtained a portion of its deposit base through wholesale funding products.
Federal Home Loan Bank (‘‘FHLB’’) Borrowings and Other Borrowings. BVA’s ability to borrow funds from non-deposit sources provides additional flexibility in meeting its liquidity needs as well as managing its cost of funds. Non-deposit funding options include Federal Funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, and short-term and long-term FHLB borrowings.
Investment Activities
BVA invests in securities that comply with all applicable regulations and that meet with Board approval. Permissible securities are U.S. government and agency debt obligations; agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities; state, county, and municipal securities; money market instruments; mutual funds; corporate bonds and trust preferred securities. A balanced maturity distribution is sought in order to minimize the market exposure of investments in any one year. BVA’s investment activities are governed internally by a written, Board-approved policy. The investment policy is carried out by BVA’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in conjunction with the Asset-Liability Committee (‘‘ALCO’’).
Investment strategies are reviewed by the Board’s ALCO based on the interest rate environment, balance sheet mix, actual and anticipated loan demand, funding opportunities and the overall interest rate sensitivity of BVA. In general, the investment portfolio is managed in a manner appropriate to the attainment of the following goals: (i) to provide a sufficient balance of liquid securities to meet unanticipated deposit and loan fluctuations and overall funds management objectives; (ii) to provide eligible securities to secure public funds, trust deposits as prescribed by law and other borrowings; and (iii) to earn an appropriate return on funds invested that is commensurate with policy objectives.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2014, BVA had 55 full-time equivalent employees. Management of BVA considers its relations with employees to be excellent. No employees are represented by a union or any similar group, and BVA has never experienced any strike or labor dispute.
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
The regulatory framework applicable to Cordia and BVA is designed to protect depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, and not to protect security holders. Such statutes, regulations and policies are continually under review by Congress, state legislatures, and federal and state regulators. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation thereof, could have a material effect on our business.
General
As a bank holding company, Cordia is subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), and by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions (“VBFI”). BVA is a Virginia state-chartered commercial bank and a member of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, and its deposits are insured by the FDIC. It is subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve and the VBFI. Numerous federal and state laws, as well as regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and state banking regulators, govern almost all aspects of the operation of BVA.
Bank Holding Company Regulation
The BHCA limits a bank holding company’s business to owning or controlling banks and engaging in other banking-related activities. Bank holding companies must obtain the Federal Reserve’s approval before they: (1) acquire direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank that results in total ownership or control, directly or indirectly, of more than 5% of the voting shares of such bank; (2) merge or consolidate with another bank holding company; or (3) acquire substantially all of the assets of any additional banks. Subject to certain state laws, such as age and contingency restrictions, a bank holding company that is adequately capitalized and adequately managed may acquire the assets of both in-state banks and out-of-state banks. With certain exceptions, the BHCA prohibits bank holding companies from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of voting shares in any company that is not a bank or a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve determines that the activities of such company are incidental or closely related to the business of banking. If a bank holding company is well-capitalized and meets certain criteria specified by the Federal Reserve, it may engage de novo in certain permissible non-banking activities without prior Federal Reserve approval.
A number of provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), a few of which are described here, affect the regulation and operations of banks and bank holding companies. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIC is given back-up supervisory authority over bank holding companies engaging in conduct that poses a foreseeable and material risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”), and the Federal Reserve gains heightened authority to examine, prescribe regulations and take action with respect to all of a bank holding company’s subsidiaries. A newly created agency, the Office of Financial Research, has authority to collect data from all financial institutions for the purpose of studying threats to U.S. financial stability.
Holding companies of banks chartered under Virginia law are subject to applicable provisions of Virginia’s banking laws and to the examination, supervision and enforcement powers of the VBFI. Among other powers, the VBFI has the authority to issue and enforce cease and desist orders on such holding companies.
Change in Control
Subject to certain exceptions, the BHCA and the Change in Bank Control Act, together with regulations promulgated thereunder, require Federal Reserve approval prior to any person or company acquiring “control” of a bank or bank holding company. Control is conclusively presumed to exist if an individual or company acquires 25% or more of any class of voting securities. Control is rebuttably presumed to exist if a person acquires 10% or more, but less than 25%, of any class of an institution’s voting securities and either that institution has registered securities under Section 12 of the Exchange Act or no other person owns a greater percentage of that class of voting securities immediately after the transaction. In certain cases, a company may also be presumed to have control under the Bank Holding Company Act if it acquires 5% or more of any class of voting securities.
Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, a bank holding company may acquire control of an out-of-state bank only if the bank holding company is well-capitalized and well-managed, and interstate merger transactions are prohibited unless the resulting bank would be well-capitalized and well-managed following the transaction. Virginia state law requires that the VBFI approve in advance any proposed change of control of a Virginia state-chartered bank. Under Virginia law, a person is deemed to control another entity if (1) it owns 25% or more of the voting shares of the entity, (2) the person is presumed to control the entity under the BHCA, or (3) the VBFI determines that the person exercises a controlling influence over the management and policies of the entity.
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Capital Requirements
The Federal Reserve has adopted guidelines pursuant to which it assesses the adequacy of capital in examining and supervising state-chartered member banks such as BVA. These guidelines include quantitative measures that assign risk weightings to assets and off-balance sheet items and that define and set minimum regulatory capital requirements. Bank holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $500 million that are not engaged in significant nonbanking activities, do not conduct significant off-balance sheet activities, and do not have a material amount of debt or equity securities outstanding that are registered with the SEC are not subject to the Federal Reserve’s capital adequacy guidelines for bank holding companies.
As of December 31, 2014, BOVA’s capital levels were above those currently required to be deemed “well-capitalized.”
Federal banking regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition.
On July 9, 2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final rule that will revise their risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with agreements that were reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (“Basel III”) and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule applies to all depository institutions, top-tier bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of $500 million or more and top-tier savings and loan holding companies.
The rule establishes a new common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement (4.5% of risk-weighted assets), increases the minimum Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets requirement (from 4.0% to 6.0% of risk-weighted assets) and assigns a higher risk weight (150%) to exposures that are more than 90 days past due or are on nonaccrual status and to certain commercial real estate facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property.
The rule also includes changes in what constitutes regulatory capital, some of which are subject to a two-year transition period. These changes include the phasing-out of certain instruments as qualifying capital. In addition, Tier 2 capital is no longer limited to the amount of Tier 1 capital included in total capital. Mortgage servicing rights, certain deferred tax assets and investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries over designated percentages of common stock will be required to be deducted from capital, subject to a two-year transition period. Finally, Tier 1 capital will include accumulated other comprehensive income (which includes all unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities), subject to a two-year transition period.
The new capital requirements also include changes in the risk-weights of assets to better reflect credit risk and other risk exposures. These include a 150% risk weight (up from 100%) for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans and non-residential mortgage loans that are 90 days past due or otherwise on nonaccrual status; a 20% (up from 0%) credit conversion factor for the unused portion of a commitment with an original maturity of one year or less that is not unconditionally cancellable; a 250% risk weight (up from 100%) for mortgage servicing rights and deferred tax assets that are not deducted from capital; and increased risk-weights (from 0% to up to 600%) for equity exposures.
Finally, the rule limits capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.
The final rule became effective on January 1, 2015. The capital conservation buffer requirement will be phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019.
Bank Holding Companies as a Source of Strength
Federal Reserve regulations require that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to each bank that it controls and, under appropriate circumstances, to commit resources to support each such controlled bank. This support may be required at times when the bank holding company may not have the resources to provide the support.
Under the prompt corrective action provisions, if a controlled bank is undercapitalized, then the regulators could require the bank holding company to guarantee the bank’s capital restoration plan. In addition, if the Federal Reserve believes that a bank holding company’s activities, assets or affiliates represent a significant risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of a controlled bank, then the Federal Reserve could require the bank holding company to terminate the activities, liquidate the assets or divest the affiliates. The regulators may require these and other actions in support of controlled banks even if such actions are not in the best interests of the bank holding company or its stockholders. Because Cordia is a bank holding company, Cordia is viewed as a source of financial and managerial strength for any controlled depository institutions, like BVA.
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The Dodd-Frank Act also directs federal bank regulators to require that all companies that directly or indirectly control an insured depository institution serve as sources of financial strength for the institution. The term “source of financial strength” is defined under the Dodd-Frank Act as the ability of a company to provide financial assistance to its insured depository institution subsidiaries in the event of financial distress. The appropriate federal banking agency for such a depository institution may require reports from companies that control the insured depository institution to assess their abilities to serve as sources of strength and to enforce compliance with the source-of-strength requirements. The appropriate federal banking agency may also require a holding company to provide financial assistance to a bank with impaired capital. Under this requirement, in the future we could be required to provide additional financial assistance to BVA should it experience financial distress.
In addition, any capital loans by Cordia to BVA will be subordinate in right of payment to deposits and certain other indebtedness of BVA. In the event of our bankruptcy, any commitment by us to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of BVA will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.
FDICIA Prompt Corrective Action
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”) established a system of prompt corrective action to resolve the problems of undercapitalized insured depository institutions. Under this system, the federal banking regulators are required to rate insured depository institutions on the basis of five capital categories as described above under “Capital Requirements.” The federal banking regulators are also required to take mandatory supervisory actions and are authorized to take other discretionary actions with respect to insured depository institutions in the three undercapitalized categories, the severity of which will depend upon the capital category in which the insured depository institution is assigned. Generally, subject to a narrow exception, FDICIA requires the banking regulators to appoint a receiver or conservator for an insured depository institution that is critically undercapitalized. The federal banking regulations specify the relevant capital level for each category.
The FDICIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distribution, including payment of a dividend, or paying any management fee to its holding company if the depository institution would thereafter be undercapitalized. See “Dividends.” “Undercapitalized” depository institutions are also subject to restrictions on borrowing from the Federal Reserve System, may not accept brokered deposits absent a waiver from the FDIC, and are subject to growth limitations. In addition, a depository institution’s holding company must guarantee a capital plan, up to an amount equal to the lesser of 5% of the depository institution’s assets at the time it becomes undercapitalized or the amount of the capital deficiency when the institution fails to comply with the plan. Federal banking regulators may not accept a capital plan without determining, among other things, that the plan is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to succeed in restoring the depository institution’s capital. If a depository institution fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is significantly undercapitalized.
“Significantly undercapitalized” depository institutions may be subject to a number of requirements and restrictions, including orders to sell sufficient voting stock to become adequately capitalized, requirements to reduce total assets, and cessation of receipt of deposits from correspondent banks. “Critically undercapitalized” institutions are subject to the appointment of a receiver or conservator.
Virginia law gives the VBFI powers similar to those granted to the FDIC under the prompt corrective action provisions of the FDICIA.
Dividends
Cordia is a legal entity separate and distinct from BVA and its subsidiaries. The principal source of funds for Cordia’s payment of any future dividends on its capital stock and principal and interest on its debt is dividends from BVA. Various federal and state statutory provisions and regulations limit the amount of dividends, if any, Cordia and BVA may pay without regulatory approval.
The Federal Reserve has authority to prohibit a bank holding company from paying dividends or making other distributions. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement that a bank holding company should not pay cash dividends unless its net income available to common stockholders has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears to be consistent with the holding company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Accordingly, a bank holding company should not pay cash dividends that exceed its net income or that can only be funded in ways that weaken the bank holding company’s financial health, such as by borrowing. The Dodd-Frank Act and Basel III impose additional restrictions on the ability of banking institutions to pay dividends.
Dividends that may be paid by a member bank without the express approval of the Federal Reserve are limited to that bank’s retained net profits for the preceding two calendar years plus retained net profits up to the date of any dividend declaration in the current calendar year. Retained net profits, as defined by the Federal Reserve, consist of net income less dividends declared during the period.
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Federal bank regulators have the authority to prohibit BVA from engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting its business, and the payment of dividends, depending on the bank’s financial condition, could be deemed an unsafe or unsound practice. The ability of BVA to pay dividends in the future is subject to regulatory approval.
Deposit Insurance and Assessments
Deposits held by BVA are insured by the DIF as administered by the FDIC up to the maximum amount deposit insurance amount of $250,000 per depositor, per insured depository institution for each account ownership category.
The FDIC maintains the DIF by assessing each depository institution an insurance premium. The amount of the FDIC assessments paid by a DIF member institution is based on its relative risk of default as measured by the company’s FDIC supervisory rating, and other various measures, such as the level of brokered deposits, secured debt and debt issuer ratings.
The DIF assessment base rate currently ranges from 2.5 to 45 basis points for institutions that do not trigger factors for brokered deposits and unsecured debt, and higher rates for those that do trigger those risk factors.
All FDIC-insured depository institutions must pay a quarterly assessment to provide funds for the payment of interest on bonds issued by the Financing Corporation, a federal corporation chartered under the authority of the Federal Housing Finance Board. The bonds, which are referred to as FICO bonds, were issued to capitalize the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.
Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders
A variety of legal limitations restrict BVA from lending or otherwise supplying funds or in some cases transacting business with Cordia or its nonbank subsidiaries. BVA is subject to Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and Federal Reserve Regulation W. Section 23A places limits on the amount of covered transactions which include loans or extensions of credit to, investments in or certain other transactions with, affiliates as well as the amount of advances to third parties collateralized by the securities or obligations of affiliates. The aggregate of all covered transactions is limited to 10% of the bank’s capital and surplus for any one affiliate and 20% for all affiliates. Furthermore, within the foregoing limitations as to amount, each covered transaction must meet specified collateral requirements ranging from 100% to 130%. Also, banks are prohibited from purchasing low quality assets from an affiliate.
Section 23B, among other things, prohibits an institution from engaging in certain transactions with affiliates unless the transactions are on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the bank, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with nonaffiliated companies. Except for limitations on low quality asset purchases and transactions that are deemed to be unsafe or unsound, Regulation W generally excludes affiliated depository institutions from treatment as affiliates. Transactions between a bank and any of its subsidiaries that are engaged in certain financial activities may be subject to the affiliated transaction limits. The Federal Reserve also may designate bank subsidiaries as affiliates.
Banks are also subject to quantitative restrictions on extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, and their related interests. In general, such extensions of credit (1) may not exceed certain dollar limitations, (2) must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with third parties and (3) must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. Certain extensions of credit also require the approval of a bank’s board of directors.
The Dodd-Frank Act expands the Section 23A and 23B affiliate transaction rules. Among other things, upon the statutory changes’ effective date, the scope of the definition of “covered transaction” under Section 23A will expand, collateral requirements will increase and certain exemptions will be eliminated.
Standards for Safety and Soundness
The Federal Deposit Insurance Act requires the federal bank regulators to prescribe the operational and managerial standards for all insured depository institutions relating to: (1) internal controls; (2) information systems and audit systems; (3) loan documentation; (4) credit underwriting; (5) interest rate risk exposure; and (6) asset quality.
The regulators also must prescribe standards for earnings, and stock valuation, as well as standards for compensation, fees and benefits. The Interagency Guidelines Prescribing Standards for Safety and Soundness set forth the safety and soundness standards used to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. Under the rules, if a regulator determines that a bank fails to meet any standards prescribed by the guidelines, the regulator may require the bank to submit an acceptable plan to achieve compliance, consistent with deadlines for the submission and review of such safety and soundness compliance plans.
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Regulatory Examination
Cordia and BVA must undergo regular on-site examinations by the appropriate banking agencies. A bank regulator conducting an examination has complete access to the books and records of the examined institution. The results of the examination are confidential. The cost of examinations may be assessed against the examined institution as the agency deems necessary or appropriate.
State Law and Regulation
BVA, as a Virginia state-chartered institution, is subject to regulation by the VBFI, which conducts regular examinations to ensure that its operations and policies conform with applicable law and safe and sound banking practices. Among other things, state law regulates the amount of credit that can be extended to any one borrower and the amount of money that can be invested in various types of assets. BVA generally cannot extend credit to any one borrower in an amount greater than 15% of the sum of BVA’s capital, surplus and loan loss reserve. Direct, indirect and related debt are including in the calculation of the exposure to one borrower or obligor. State law also regulates the types of loans BVA can make.
Community Reinvestment Act
The Community Reinvestment Act (the “CRA”) requires that the appropriate federal bank regulator evaluate the record of our banking subsidiary in meeting the credit needs of its local community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. These evaluations are considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions, and applications to open a branch or facility. Failure to adequately meet these criteria could result in additional requirements and limitations on the bank. As of its last CRA regulatory exam, completed on April 1, 2013, BVA received a rating of “satisfactory.”
Consumer Protection Regulations
Retail activities of banks are subject to a variety of statutes and regulations designed to protect consumers. The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) that, together with the statute’s changes to consumer protection laws such as limits on debit card interchange fees and provisions on mortgage-related matters, will likely increase the compliance costs of consumer banking operations. Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by banks are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. The CFPB has exclusive authority to require reports and conduct examinations, for purposes of ensuring compliance with federal consumer financial laws and related matters, of insured depository institutions with more than $10 billion of assets. For insured depository institutions with assets of $10 billion or less, such as BVA, the CFPB can require reports and conduct examinations on a sample basis.
Loan operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as:
| • | the federal Truth-In-Lending Act and Regulation Z issued by the Federal Reserve, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers; | |
| • | the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Regulation C issued by the Federal Reserve, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves; | |
| • | the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B issued by the Federal Reserve, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit; | |
| • | the Fair Credit Reporting Act and Regulation V issued by the Federal Reserve, governing the use and provision of information to consumer reporting agencies; | |
| • | the Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; and | |
| • | the guidance of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws. |
Deposit operations also are subject to:
| • | the Truth in Savings Act and Regulation DD issued by the Federal Reserve, which requires disclosure of deposit terms to consumers; | |
| • | Regulation CC issued by the Federal Reserve, which relates to the availability of deposit funds to consumers;
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| • | the Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain the confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; and | |
| • | the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E issued by the Federal Reserve, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of ATMs and other electronic banking services. |
Commercial Real Estate Lending
Lending operations that involve concentrations of commercial real estate loans are subject to enhanced scrutiny by federal banking regulators. The regulators have advised financial institutions of the risks posed by commercial real estate lending concentrations. Such loans generally include land development, construction loans and loans secured by multifamily property, and nonfarm, nonresidential real property where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property. The guidance identifies institutions with the following characteristics as potentially being exposed to excessive risk concentrations and that may warrant greater supervisory scrutiny:
| • | total construction and land development loans represent 100% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital, or | |
| • | total commercial real estate loans, as defined, represent 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital, and the outstanding balance of the institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36 months. |
The Dodd-Frank Act contains provisions on credit risk retention that require federal banking regulators to adopt regulations mandating the retention of 5% of the credit risk of certain assets transferred, sold or conveyed through issuances of asset-backed securities. Regulations being implemented will provide for the allocation of the risk retention obligation between securitizers and originators of loans.
Branching
The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (the “Interstate Act”) permits nationwide interstate banking and branching under certain circumstances. This legislation generally authorizes interstate branching and relaxes federal law restrictions on interstate banking. Currently, bank holding companies may purchase banks in any state, and states may not prohibit these purchases. Additionally, banks are permitted to merge with banks in other states, as long as the home state of neither merging bank has opted out under the legislation. The Interstate Act requires regulators to consult with community organizations before permitting an interstate institution to close a branch in a low-income area.
Virginia enacted “opting in” legislation in accordance with the Interstate Act, allowing banks to engage in interstate merger transactions, subject to certain “aging” requirements. Once an out-of-state bank has acquired a bank within the state, either through merger or acquisition of all or substantially all of the bank’s assets, the out-of-state bank may open additional branches within the state. In addition, an out-of-state bank may establish a de novo branch in Virginia or acquire a branch in Virginia if the out-of-state bank’s home state gives Virginia banks substantially the same or more favorable rights to establish and maintain branches in that state.
Anti-Tying Restriction
In general, a bank may not extend credit, lease, sell property, or furnish any services or fix or vary the consideration for products and services on the condition that (1) the customer obtain or provide some additional credit, property, or services from or to the bank or bank holding company or their subsidiaries, or (2) the customer not obtain some other credit, property, or services from a competitor, except to the extent reasonable conditions are imposed to assure the soundness of the credit extended. A bank may, however, offer combined-balance products and may otherwise offer more favorable terms if a customer obtains two or more traditional bank products. Also, certain foreign transactions are exempt from the general rule.
Anti-Money Laundering
Financial institutions must maintain anti-money laundering programs that include established internal policies, procedures, and controls; a designated compliance officer; an ongoing employee training program; and the periodic testing of the program. BVA is prohibited from entering into specified financial transactions and account relationships and must meet enhanced standards for due diligence in dealings with foreign financial institutions and foreign customers. We also must take reasonable steps to conduct enhanced scrutiny of account relationships to guard against money laundering and to report any suspicious transactions. Recent laws provide law enforcement authorities with increased access to financial information maintained by banks. Anti-money requirements have been substantially strengthened as a result of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA Patriot Act”), enacted in 2001 and renewed in 2006 and extended, in part, in 2011. Bank regulators routinely examine institutions for compliance with these requirements and must consider compliance in connection with the regulatory review of applications.
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The USA Patriot Act amended, in part, the Bank Secrecy Act and provides for the facilitation of information sharing among governmental entities and financial institutions for the purpose of combating terrorism and money laundering. The statute also creates enhanced information collection tools and enforcement mechanics for the U.S. government, including: (1) requiring standards for verifying customer identification at account opening; (2) promulgating rules to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators, and law enforcement entities in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering; (3) requiring reports by nonfinancial trades and businesses filed with the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network for transactions exceeding $10,000; and (4) mandating the filing of suspicious activities reports if a bank believes a customer may be violating U.S. laws and regulations. The statute also requires enhanced due diligence requirements for financial institutions that administer, maintain, or manage private bank accounts or correspondent accounts for non-U.S. persons.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation may send bank regulators lists of the names of persons suspected of involvement in terrorist activities. Cordia may be subject to a request for a search of its records for any relationships or transactions with persons on those lists and may be required to report any identified relationships or transactions. Furthermore, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) is responsible for helping to ensure that U.S. entities do not engage in transactions with certain prohibited parties, as defined by various Executive Orders and Acts of Congress. OFAC has sent, and will send, bank regulators lists of names of persons and organizations suspected of aiding, harboring or engaging in terrorist acts, known as Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. If we find a name on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, we must freeze such account, file a suspicious activity report and notify the appropriate authorities.
Privacy and Credit Reporting
Financial institutions are required to disclose their policies for collecting and protecting confidential customer information. Customers generally may prevent financial institutions from sharing nonpublic personal financial information with nonaffiliated third parties, with some exceptions, such as the processing of transactions requested by the consumer. Financial institutions generally may not disclose certain consumer or account information to any nonaffiliated third party for use in telemarketing, direct mail marketing or other marketing. Federal and state bank regulators have prescribed standards for maintaining the security and confidentiality of consumer information, and we are subject to such standards, as well as certain federal and state laws or standards for notifying consumers in the event of a security breach.
Enforcement Powers
Banks and their “institution-affiliated parties,” including directors, management, employees, agents, independent contractors and consultants, such as attorneys and accountants, and others who participate in the conduct of the institution’s affairs, are subject to potential civil and criminal penalties for violations of law, regulations or written orders of a government agency. Violations can include failure to timely file required reports, filing false or misleading information or submitting inaccurate reports. Civil penalties may be as much as $1 million a day for such violations and criminal penalties for some financial institution crimes may include imprisonment for 20 years. Regulators have flexibility to commence enforcement actions against institutions and institution-affiliated parties, and the FDIC has the authority to terminate deposit insurance. When issued by a banking regulator, cease-and-desist orders or other regulatory agreements may, among other things, require affirmative action to correct any harm resulting from a violation or practice, including restitution, reimbursement, indemnifications or guarantees against loss. A financial institution may also be ordered to restrict its growth, dispose of certain assets, rescind agreements or contracts, or take other actions determined to be appropriate by the ordering agency. Federal and state banking regulators also may remove a director or officer from an insured depository institution (or bar them from the industry) if a violation is willful or reckless.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following individuals currently serve as executive officers of Cordia and BVA.
| Name | Position | |
| Jack Zoeller | President and Chief Executive Officer of Cordia | |
| Mark Severson | Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of BVA Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Cordia and BVA | |
| Don Andree | Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer, BVA | |
| Roy Barzel | Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer, BVA | |
| Christy Quesenbery | Senior Vice President, Operations of BVA | |
| Robert Sims | Senior Vice President, Retail Banking of BVA |
Below is information about our executive officers who are not also directors. Ages presented are as of December 31, 2014.
Mark Severson joined BVA as Executive Vice President – Chief Financial Officer of Cordia and BVA in September 2013. Prior to Bank of Virginia, Mr. Severson had over 37 years of banking experience and had been Chief Financial Officer of several large financial institutions, including as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Chemung Financial Corporation in Elmira, NY, from 2012-13 and prior to that as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of FNB United in Asheboro, NC, from 2007-2011. Age 60.
Don Andree has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer of BVA since February 2015. He joined BVA as Senior Vice President — Special Assets in May 2011 and was promoted to Executive Vice President in September 2013. Prior to BVA, Mr. Andree spent 14 years at SunTrust Bank where his most recent position was Senior Vice President and Regional Manager for the Special Assets/Residential Builder group in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Formerly he served as Regional Credit Officer for greater Richmond and western Virginia. Age 61.
Roy Barzel joined BVA as Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer in April 2011. Prior to joining BVA, Mr. Barzel spent 25 years at SunTrust Bank in Richmond where his most recent position was Senior Vice President and Regional Credit Officer for commercial real estate in the Mid-Atlantic region. Formerly he served as the Senior Credit Officer for residential builders and land developers for all of SunTrust. Age 63.
Christy Quesenbery joined BVA as Senior Vice President — Operations in November 2011. Prior to Bank of Virginia, Ms. Quesenbery had over 30 years of banking experience, including most recently four years as Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer at Virginia Partners Bank in Fredericksburg, VA. Age 56.
Robert Sims joined BVA as Senior Vice President — Retail Banking in September 2012. Prior to joining BVA, Mr. Sims was President/Founder of Sims Development Group in Stuart, FL from 2011 to 2012. Prior to that, he served 24 years in senior retail, marketing and treasury positions in three banking institutions, including most recently as Senior Vice President of NBT Bancorp in Norwich, NY. Age 49.
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RISK FACTORS
The current economic conditions pose significant challenges that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our success depends to a large degree on the general economic conditions in Central Virginia, which is our primary market. Our market is recovering from a significant downturn in which we saw falling home prices, rising foreclosures and an increased level of commercial and consumer delinquencies. If economic conditions were to deteriorate again, we could experience any of the following consequences, each of which could further adversely affect our business:
| • | demand for our products and services could decline; | |
| • | problem assets and foreclosures may increase; and | |
| • | loan losses may increase. |
We could experience further adverse consequences in the event of a prolonged economic downturn in our market due to our exposure to commercial loans across various lines of business. A prolonged economic downturn could adversely affect collateral values or cash flows of the borrowing businesses, and as a result our primary source of repayment could be insufficient to service the debt. Another adverse consequence in the event of a prolonged economic downturn in our market could be the loss of collateral value on commercial and real estate loans that are secured by real estate located in our market area. A further significant decline in real estate values in our market would mean that the collateral for many of our loans would provide less security. As a result, we would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans because our ability to fully recover on defaulted loans by selling the real estate collateral would be diminished.
Future economic conditions in our market will also depend on factors outside of our control such as political and market conditions, broad trends in industry and finance, legislative and regulatory changes, changes in government, military and fiscal policies and inflation.
An inability to maintain our regulatory capital position could adversely affect our operations.
At December 31, 2014, BVA was classified as ‘‘well capitalized’’ for regulatory capital purposes. However, impairments to BVA’s loan or securities portfolio, declines in BVA’s earnings or a combination of these or other factors could change BVA’s capital position in a relatively short period of time. If we are unable to remain ‘‘well capitalized,’’ we will not be able to renew or accept brokered deposits without prior regulatory approval or offer interest rates on our deposit accounts that are significantly higher than the average rates in our market area. As a result, it could be more difficult for us to attract new deposits as our existing brokered and other deposits mature and do not rollover and to retain or increase non-brokered deposits. If we are not able to attract new deposits, our ability to fund our loan portfolio may be adversely affected. In addition, we would pay higher insurance premiums to the FDIC, which will reduce our earnings. Another adverse consequence of a decline in regulatory capital is that additional capital would be harder to raise.
Cordia may be unsuccessful in raising additional capital as needed, and a successful capital raise would dilute existing shareholders and possibly cause our stock price to decline.
At December 31, 2014, BVA was classified as ‘‘well capitalized’’ for regulatory capital purposes. Cordia may have a need to raise additional capital to support growth. Cordia may be unsuccessful in raising additional capital if the market is not receptive to offerings by small community banks. Furthermore, if we are successful in raising additional capital, the issuance of additional equity securities could be dilutive to holders of our common stock and the market price of our common stock could decline as a result of any such sales. Management cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any future equity offerings. Thus, our shareholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their stock holdings. There is no assurance that any such offering or issuance of equity securities may be able to be completed.
Our allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses.
Like all financial institutions, we maintain an allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) to provide for probable losses. Our ALL may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses and future provisions for loan losses could materially and adversely affect our operating results. The determination of the appropriate level of the ALL inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires us to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Our ALL is determined by analyzing historical loan losses, current trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, plans for problem loan resolution, changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, and industry information. Also included in management’s estimates for loan losses are considerations with respect to the impact of economic events, the outcome of which are uncertain.
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The application of the acquisition method of accounting impacted Cordia’s and, subsequently, BVA’s ALL. Under the acquisition method of accounting, all loans were recorded in Cordia’s financial statements at their fair value at the time of acquisition and the related ALL was eliminated because the fair value at the time was determined by the net present value of the expected cash flows taking into account estimated credit quality. We may in the future determine that our estimates of fair value are too high, in which case we would provide for additional loan losses associated with acquired loans.
The amount of future losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, which may be beyond our control, and these losses may exceed current estimates. Federal regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, review our loans and ALL. Although management believes that our ALL is adequate to provide for probable losses, there are no assurances that future increases in the ALL will not be needed or that regulators will not require us to increase our allowance. Either of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect our earnings and profitability.
BVA’s small-to-medium sized business clientele may have limited financial resources to weather a prolonged downturn or continued stress period in the economy.
We target our commercial development and marketing strategy primarily to serve the banking and financial services needs of small and medium sized businesses. These businesses generally have less capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities. If general economic conditions negatively impact this major economic sector in the markets in which we operate, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Changes in the fair value of our securities may reduce our stockholders’ equity and net income.
At December 31, 2014, we had securities classified as available for sale totaling $53.5 million and securities classified as held to maturity totaling $20.7 million. At such date, the aggregate net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities totaled $204 thousand. We increase or decrease stockholders’ equity by the amount of the change in the unrealized gain or loss (the difference between the estimated fair value and the amortized cost) of the available-for-sale securities portfolio, under the category of accumulated other comprehensive income. Therefore, a decline in the estimated fair value of this portfolio will result in a decline in reported stockholders’ equity, as well as book value per common share and tangible book value per common share. This decrease will occur even though the securities are not sold. In the case of debt securities, if these securities are never sold and there are no credit impairments, the decrease will be recovered at the maturity of the securities. In the case of equity securities that have no stated maturity, the declines in fair value may or may not be recovered over time.
We conduct periodic reviews and evaluations of our entire securities portfolio to determine if the decline in the fair value of any security below its cost basis is other-than-temporary. Factors that we considered in our analysis of debt securities include, but are not limited to, intent to sell the security, evidence available to determine if it is more likely than not that we will have to sell the securities before recovery of the amortized cost, and probable credit losses. Probable credit losses are evaluated based upon, but are not limited to: the present value of future cash flows, the severity and duration of the decline in fair value of the security below its amortized cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, whether the decline appears to be related to issuer conditions or general market or industry conditions, the payment structure of the security, failure of the security to make scheduled interest or principal payments, and changes to the rating of the security by rating agencies. We generally view changes in fair value for debt securities caused by changes in interest rates as temporary, which is consistent with our experience. If we deem such decline to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to a new cost basis and the resulting loss is charged to earnings as a component of noninterest income. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we did not have any other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) in our securities portfolio.
BVA is subject to interest rate risk that may negatively affect its financial performance.
BVA’s earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon its net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond BVA’s control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest BVA receives on loans and securities and the amount of interest it pays on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect (i) BVA’s ability to originate loans and obtain deposits, and (ii) the fair value of BVA’s financial assets and liabilities. If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, BVA’s net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected. Earnings could also be adversely affected if the interest rates received on loans and other investments fall more quickly than the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings.
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BVA may lose members of its management team and have difficulty attracting skilled personnel.
BVA’s success depends, in large part, on its ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people can be intense and BVA may not be able to hire such people or to retain them. The unexpected loss of services of key personnel of BVA could have a material adverse impact on its business because of their skills, knowledge of BVA’s market, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel. In addition, recent regulatory proposals and guidance relating to compensation may negatively impact BVA’s ability to retain and attract skilled personnel.
The financial soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect us.
Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be affected adversely by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and we routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, may lead to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by us or by other institutions. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of default of our counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral held by us is liquidated at prices insufficient to recover the full amount of our financial exposure. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
New capital rules generally require insured depository institutions to hold more capital. The impact of the new rules on our financial condition and operations is uncertain but could be materially adverse.
In July 2013, the Federal Reserve Board adopted final rules for the Basel III capital framework. These rules substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to BVA. The rules phase in over time beginning in 2015 and will become fully effective in 2019. Beginning in 2015, BVA's minimum capital requirements will be (i) a common Tier 1 equity ratio of 4.5%, (ii) a Tier 1 capital (common Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital) of 6% (up from 4%) and (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% (the current requirement). BVA's leverage ratio requirement will remain at the 4% level now required. Beginning in 2016, a capital conservation buffer will phase in over three years, ultimately resulting in a requirement of 2.5% on top of the common Tier 1, Tier 1 and total capital requirements, resulting in a required common Tier 1 equity ratio of 7%, a Tier 1 ratio of 8.5%, and a total capital ratio of 10.5%. Failure to satisfy any of these three capital requirements will result in limits on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases and paying discretionary bonuses. These limitations will establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions. As of December 31, 2014, BVA would exceed all capital adequacy requirements under Basel III to be considered well capitalized on a fully phased-in basis if such requirements were currently effective.
Our profitability may suffer because of rapid and unpredictable changes in the highly regulated environment in which we operate.
The banking industry is subject to extensive regulation by state and federal banking authorities. Many of the banking regulations that govern us are intended to protect depositors, the public or the insurance fund maintained by the FDIC rather than our shareholders. Banking regulations affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and many other aspects of our business. These requirements may constrain our rate of growth, and changes in regulations could adversely affect it. The burden imposed by these federal and state regulations may place banks at a competitive disadvantage compared to less regulated competitors.
Regulation of the financial services industry is undergoing major changes, and future legislation could increase our cost of doing business or harm our competitive position.
In 2010 and 2011, in response to the financial crisis and recession that began in 2008, significant regulatory and legislative laws were enacted resulting in broader reform and increased regulation impacting financial institutions. The Dodd-Frank Act has created a significant shift in the way financial institutions operate. The agencies most affected by the enactment were the FDIC, the Federal Reserve and the Securities and Exchange Commission and the way the agencies oversee the financial system. Any future legislative changes could have a material impact on the profitability of Cordia, the value of assets held for investment or collateral for loans. They could require changes to business practices or force us to discontinue businesses and potentially expose us to additional costs, liabilities, enforcement action and reputational risk.
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Our future success will depend on our ability to compete effectively in the highly competitive financial services industry.
We face substantial competition in all phases of our operations from a variety of different competitors that include other banks, both large and small and numerous less regulated financial services businesses. In particular, there is very strong competition for financial services in the market areas in which we conduct our business. Our future growth and success will depend on our ability to compete effectively in this highly competitive environment. Many of our competitors offer products and services that we do not offer, and many have substantially greater resources, such as greater capital resources and more access to longer term, lower costs funding sources. Many also have greater name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business. In addition, larger competitors may be able to price loans and deposits more aggressively than we do. Our larger competitors generally have easier access to capital, and often on better terms. Some of the financial services organizations with which we compete are not subject to the same degree of regulation as is imposed on bank holding companies and federally insured state-chartered Banks, national banks and federal savings institutions. As a result, these non-bank competitors have certain advantages over us in accessing funding and in providing various services.
Other competitors are subject to similar regulation but have the advantages of larger established customer bases, higher lending limits, extensive branch networks, numerous automated teller machines, greater advertising-marketing budgets or other factors. Some of our competitors have other advantages, such as tax exemption in the case of credit unions, and lesser regulation in the case of mortgage companies and specialty finance companies. Deposit competition is strong among institutions in our primary market area.
We have operational risk that could impact our ability to provide services to our customers.
We have potential operational risk exposure throughout our organization. Integral to our performance is the continued effectiveness and efficiency of our technical systems, operational infrastructure, relationships with third parties and key individuals involved in our ongoing activities. Failure by any or all of these resources subjects us to risks that may vary in size, scale and scope. This includes but is not limited to operational or technical failures, unlawful tampering with our information technology infrastructure, terrorist activities, ineffectiveness or exposure due to interruption in third party support, as well as the loss of key individuals or failure of key individuals to perform properly.
In addition, we provide our customers with the ability to bank remotely, including over the Internet and over the telephone. The secure transmission of confidential information over the Internet and other remote channels is a critical element of remote banking. Our network could be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes and other security breaches. We may be required to spend significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or viruses. To the extent that our activities or the activities of our customers involve the storage and transmission of confidential information, security breaches and viruses could expose us to claims, regulatory scrutiny, litigation and other possible liabilities. Any inability to prevent security breaches or computer viruses could also cause existing customers to lose confidence in our systems and could materially and adversely affect us.
Additionally, financial products and services have become increasingly technology-driven. Our ability to meet the needs of our customers competitively, and in a cost-efficient manner, is dependent on the ability to keep pace with technological advances and to invest in new technology as it becomes available. Many of our competitors have greater resources to invest in technology than we do and may be better equipped to market new technology-driven products and services. The ability to keep pace with technological change is important, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse impact on our business and therefore on our financial condition and results of operations.
We do not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Our ability to declare and pay cash dividends will depend, among other things, upon restrictions imposed by the reserve and capital requirements of Virginia law and federal banking regulations, our income and financial condition, tax considerations, and general business conditions. The payment of dividends is subject to prior regulatory approval.
| 16 |
We are dependent on our information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party service providers; systems failures, interruptions and security breaches could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our business is dependent on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party service providers. The failure of these systems, or the termination of a third-party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. If significant, sustained or repeated, a system failure or service denial could compromise our ability to operate effectively, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, and/or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our third-party service providers may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes and other security breaches. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to protect against the threat of such security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by such security breaches or viruses. To the extent that the activities of our third-party service providers or the activities of our customers involve the storage and transmission of confidential information, security breaches and viruses could expose us to claims, regulatory scrutiny, litigation and other possible liabilities.
Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.
In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners; and personally identifiable information of our customers and employees. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. We, our customers, and other financial institutions with which we interact, are subject to ongoing, continuous attempts to penetrate key systems by individual hackers, organized criminals, and in some cases, state-sponsored organizations. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such unauthorized access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and regulatory penalties; disrupt our operations and the services we provide to customers; damage our reputation; and cause a loss of confidence in our products and services, all of which could adversely affect our business, revenues and competitive position. We may be required to spend significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or viruses.
To remain competitive, we must keep pace with technological change.
Financial products and services have become increasingly technology-driven. Our ability to meet the needs of our customers competitively, and in a cost-efficient manner, is dependent on the ability to keep pace with technological advances and to invest in new technology as it becomes available. Many of our competitors have greater resources to invest in technology than we do and may be better equipped to market new technology-driven products and services. The ability to keep pace with technological change is important, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse impact on our business and therefore on our financial condition and results of operations.
| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments |
None
| Item 2. | Properties |
BVA owns three branch locations. The main office located at 11730 Hull Street Rd., Midlothian, Virginia 23112 is approximately 9,000 square feet and also houses most support operations. The Patterson branch is at 10501 Patterson Road, Richmond, Virginia. The third branch location is at 200 Snead Avenue, Colonial Heights, Virginia. BVA’s other three facilities presently in operation are leased. All three leased facilities, (906 Branchway Road, Richmond, Virginia, 15001 Dogwood Villas Drive, Chesterfield, Virginia and 4023 West Hundred Road, Chester, Virginia) are full service branches and include drive-up access and safe deposit boxes. The latter branch contains a lease provision allowing for the purchase of the location at a predefined price. All of BVA’s properties are in good operating condition and are adequate for BVA’s present needs.
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings |
Neither the Company nor the Bank is a party to, nor is any of their property the subject of, any material legal proceedings other than ordinary routine litigation incident to their businesses.
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |
Not applicable
| 17 |
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
Shares of Cordia common stock are listed and trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BVA.” Cordia has not paid any dividends on its common stock since its formation. As of March 5, 2015, there were approximately 277 holders of record of Cordia common stock.
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of the common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market for the four quarters of 2014 and 2013. Cordia common stock commenced trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on April 1, 2013.
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||
| Quarter | High | Low | High | Low | ||||||||||||
| First quarter | $ | 4.93 | $ | 4.01 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||
| Second quarter | 4.57 | 4.12 | 8.00 | 3.79 | ||||||||||||
| Third quarter | 4.69 | 3.42 | 5.50 | 3.83 | ||||||||||||
| Fourth quarter | 4.14 | 3.32 | 4.99 | 4.11 | ||||||||||||
Cordia did not repurchase any of its common stock during the fourth quarter or the year ended December 31, 2014 and did not have any outstanding repurchase plans during that period.
See Item 1 – Business – Supervision and Regulation – Dividends for more information relating to restrictions on dividends.
| 18 |
| Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
| Summarized Balance Sheet Data at | ||||||||||||
| December 31, (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
| Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 212,959 | $ | 174,007 | $ | 113,070 | ||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | 1,089 | 1,489 | 2,110 | |||||||||
| Securities | 74,199 | 39,320 | 18,511 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 318,600 | 235,148 | 178,696 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 265,603 | 210,814 | 154,428 | |||||||||
| FHLB borrowings | 25,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 | |||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | 27,136 | 13,287 | 13,139 | |||||||||
| Book value per share | $ | 4.17 | $ | 4.78 | $ | 4.24 | ||||||
| Summarized Earnings Data for the | ||||||||||||
| Years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
| Total interest income | $ | 10,217 | $ | 9,865 | $ | 8,441 | ||||||
| Total interest expense | 1,991 | 1,808 | 1,552 | |||||||||
| Net interest income before provision for loan losses | 8,226 | 8,057 | 6,889 | |||||||||
| Provision for loan losses | 305 | 19 | 588 | |||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 7,921 | 8,038 | 6,301 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income | 467 | 300 | 252 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expense | 8,800 | 7,642 | 7,279 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) before non-controlling interest | (412 | ) | 696 | (726 | ) | |||||||
| Less non-controlling interest | - | - | 182 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Cordia | $ | (412 | ) | $ | 696 | $ | (544 | ) |
| Selected Per Share Data | ||||||||||||
| At or for the years ended December 31, | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, basic | 4,675,468 | 2,602,357 | 1,705,112 | |||||||||
| Basic income (loss) per share | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 0.27 | $ | (0.32 | ) | ||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted | 4,675,468 | 2,615,387 | 1,705,112 | |||||||||
| Diluted income (loss) per share | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 0.27 | $ | (0.32 | ) |
| Selected Ratios | ||||||||||||
| At or for the years ended December 31, | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||
| Return on average assets | (0.14 | )% | 0.30 | % | (0.44 | )% | ||||||
| Return on average equity | (1.77 | )% | 5.07 | % | (5.80 | )% | ||||||
| Average equity to average assets | 8.19 | % | 5.86 | % | 7.52 | % | ||||||
| Leverage ratio (1) | 8.24 | % | 6.09 | % | 8.71 | % | ||||||
| Total risk-based capital (1) | 15.52 | % | 11.25 | % | 13.55 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin | 3.04 | % | 3.64 | % | 4.20 | % |
(1) Ratios are for Bank of Virginia
| 19 |
| Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
The following discussion is intended to assist the reader in understanding and evaluating the financial condition and results of operations of Cordia and its wholly owned subsidiary, Bank of Virginia (“BVA”). This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Cordia’s consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto located elsewhere in this report.
In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the valuation of other real estate owned, intangible assets, acquired loans with specific credit-related deterioration and fair value measurements.
Executive Overview
During the past three years, the Company has spent much time restructuring the balance sheet as we worked through asset quality issues, recruited new staff, and reorganized our lending and deposit activities while addressing the requirements of BVA’s Written Agreement. In March 2013, the Company completed its Plan of Share Exchange with Bank of Virginia, effectively combining the two stockholder bases. The Written Agreement was lifted by banking regulators in August 2013.
Since the beginning of 2013, the Company has substantially increased its lending and funding activities. During this period, the Bank purchased $85.6 million of rehabilitated student loans that are 98% guaranteed by the U.S. Government and serviced by Xerox Education Services. The Bank also significantly expanded its deposit base, primarily involving direct certificate of deposit accounts and retail transaction accounts, while substantially reducing its cost of funds.
During 2013, the Company hired an Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer with extensive banking experience including all aspects of raising capital and evaluating strategic growth alternatives. In 2014, BVA hired five new officers whose primary responsibilities are to increase asset originations – including a senior vice president of residential mortgage lending, two first vice presidents of commercial lending, a vice president of student lending and a residential mortgage loan officer.
On April 10, 2014, Cordia completed the sale of approximately 363 shares of Mandatorily Convertible, Noncumulative, Nonvoting, Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.01 par value per share, to accredited investors at a purchase price of $42,500 per share for total gross proceeds of $15.4 million. The capital raise included investments by 100% of Cordia’s directors. The net proceeds of the offering are being used primarily to support the second phase of its organic growth strategy in BVA.
On June 25, 2014, upon stockholder approval, each share of Series A Preferred Stock mandatorily converted into 10,000 shares of Cordia’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $4.25 per share, for a total issuance of approximately 3,629,871 new shares of common stock, of which 2,229,434 are voting and 1,400,437 are nonvoting. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock did not receive any dividends under the provisions of the stock purchase agreements.
In the fourth quarter of 2014 the Bank launched CordiaGrad, a private student loan refinancing program aimed at high-achieving student loan borrowers. This program is expected to generate a substantial volume of loans for the Bank’s portfolio. Beginning in April 2014 the Bank ceased purchasing rehabilitated, federally guaranteed student loans.
Results of Operations
Net Income (Loss)
Consolidated net loss was $412 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to consolidated net income of $696 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013. The major factors contributing to this decrease in 2014 were primarily decreases in the accretion of acquisition accounting adjustments and increases in non-interest expenses related to building our infrastructure to grow the company.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the largest component of our income, and is affected by the interest rate environment and the volume and the composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Our interest-earning assets include loans, investment securities, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, and federal funds sold. Our interest-bearing liabilities include deposits and advances from the FHLB.
| 20 |
Net interest income increased $169 thousand from $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 to $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Interest income increased $352 thousand to $10.2 million in 2014 from $9.9 million in 2013. The increase in net interest income in 2014 was primarily due to an increase in average interest-earning assets of $48.7 million or 22.0% for the year ended December 31, 2014 offset by a significant reduction in net interest margin of 60 basis points. The significant reduction in net interest margin was primarily due to the decrease in the accretion of acquisition accounting adjustments. The yield on loans held for investment includes the annualized impact of accretion on purchased loans.
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $2.0 million, compared to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase of $183 thousand was primarily due to a decline in the accretion of acquisition adjustments on time deposit amortization (a reduction in interest expense) from $169 thousand in 2013 to zero in 2014. In addition, interest expense on FHLB borrowings increased by $66 thousand from $164 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013 to $230 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2014. This increase was due to an increase in average FHLB borrowings from $10.0 million in 2013 to $18.6 million in 2014. This increase was offset by a $52 thousand decline in cost of deposits related to an improvement in pricing strategy and funding mix. The reduction in cost of deposits was achieved while also increasing deposit funding by $54.8 million or 26.0% from 2013 to 2014.
Net interest margin was 3.04% and 3.64% for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease in net interest margin was primarily the result of a decrease in the yield on loans held for investment caused by the decrease in the accretion of acquisition accounting adjustments. Excluding acquisition accounting adjustments, the net interest margin was 2.96% and 2.99% for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The cost of total deposits was 0.81% for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 0.87% for the year ended December 31, 2013, primarily due to shifting the retail deposit mix away from time deposits into transaction accounts as well as lower cost direct certificates of deposits. The Company’s balance sheet is in an asset sensitive position as of December 31, 2014.
| 21 |
Average Balances and Yields
The following tables present information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income and dividends from average interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, and the resulting yields and costs. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balances of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented.
| For the years ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Balance | Interest | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Interest | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Interest | Yield/ Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans held for investment | $ | 198,227 | $ | 8,923 | 4.50 | % | $ | 170,200 | $ | 9,366 | 5.50 | % | $ | 113,101 | $ | 7,784 | 6.88 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities | 61,156 | 1,269 | 2.08 | % | 23,159 | 426 | 1.84 | % | 18,250 | 587 | 3.22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal Funds and deposits with banks | 10,780 | 25 | 0.23 | % | 28,089 | 73 | 0.26 | % | 32,503 | 70 | 0.22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 270,163 | 10,217 | 3.78 | % | 221,448 | 9,865 | 4.45 | % | 163,854 | 8,441 | 5.15 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (1,369 | ) | (2,788 | ) | (5,744 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 16,234 | 14,480 | 8,467 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 285,028 | $ | 233,140 | $ | 166,577 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | $ | 13,167 | 42 | 0.32 | % | $ | 13,919 | 56 | 0.40 | % | $ | 13,362 | 81 | 0.61 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 61,161 | 179 | 0.29 | % | 49,376 | 196 | 0.40 | % | 21,385 | 109 | 0.51 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 142,973 | 1,540 | 1.08 | % | 124,911 | 1,392 | 1.11 | % | 98,099 | 1,339 | 1.36 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB borrowings | 18,616 | 230 | 1.24 | % | 10,000 | 164 | 1.64 | % | 3,251 | 23 | 0.71 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 235,917 | 1,991 | 0.84 | % | 198,206 | 1,808 | 0.91 | % | 136,097 | 1,552 | 1.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 24,140 | 20,662 | 17,026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 1,629 | 681 | 926 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | 23,342 | 13,591 | 12,528 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 285,028 | $ | 233,140 | $ | 166,577 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 8,226 | $ | 8,057 | $ | 6,889 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread | 2.94 | % | 3.54 | % | 4.01 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin | 3.04 | % | 3.64 | % | 4.20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 |
The table below analyzes interest income, interest expense, and net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the year ended December 31, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to the year ended December 31, 2012.
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) due to changes in: | Increase (decrease) due to changes in: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Average Volume | Average Rate | Increase (Decrease) | Average Volume | Average Rate | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 1,542 | $ | (1,985 | ) | $ | (443 | ) | $ | 3,930 | $ | (2,348 | ) | $ | 1,582 | |||||||||
| Securities | 699 | 144 | 843 | 158 | (319 | ) | (161 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Federal Funds and deposits with banks | (45 | ) | (3 | ) | (48 | ) | (10 | ) | 13 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 2,196 | (1,844 | ) | 352 | 4,078 | (2,654 | ) | 1,424 | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest Expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | (3 | ) | (11 | ) | (14 | ) | 3 | (28 | ) | (25 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 47 | (64 | ) | (17 | ) | 143 | (56 | ) | 87 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 201 | (53 | ) | 148 | 366 | (313 | ) | 53 | ||||||||||||||||
| FHLB borrowings | 141 | (75 | ) | 66 | 48 | 93 | 141 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 386 | (203 | ) | 183 | 560 | (304 | ) | 256 | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in net interest income | $ | 1,810 | $ | (1,641 | ) | $ | 169 | $ | 3,518 | $ | (2,350 | ) | $ | 1,168 | ||||||||||
Provision for Loan Losses
Provision expense was $305 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2014 as compared to $19 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2013. This amount reflects our emphasis on highly accurate risk rating processes, early detection of problem loans, accurate assessment of the extent of losses and aggressive management of problem loans through restructures, refinancing to other institutions, or other means of mitigating potential losses. The allowance for loan losses was $1.1 million at December 31, 2014, compared to $1.5 million at December 31, 2013.
An analysis of the changes in the allowance for loan losses is presented under the caption “—Allowance for Loan Losses” on page 26.
Non-interest Income
Non-interest income for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $467 thousand, compared to $300 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2013. The improvement was primarily the result of a net gain on the sale of AFS securities.
The following table sets forth the principal components of non-interest income:
| For the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 123 | $ | 132 | ||||
| Net gain on sale of "AFS" securities | 177 | - | ||||||
| Other fee income, net | 167 | 168 | ||||||
| Total non-interest income | $ | 467 | $ | 300 | ||||
| 23 |
Non-interest Expense
Non-interest expense increased $1.2 million to $8.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was due primarily to increases of $630 thousand in salaries and benefits, $127 thousand in data processing and communications and $396 thousand in student loan servicing expenses. This increase in salaries and benefits was primarily the result of increased incentive compensation, stock-based compensation and staff additions associated with the Company’s growth strategy.
The following table sets forth the primary components of non-interest expense:
| For the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 4,846 | $ | 4,216 | ||||
| Professional services | 427 | 501 | ||||||
| Occupancy | 565 | 565 | ||||||
| Data processing and communications | 698 | 571 | ||||||
| FDIC assessment and bank fees | 385 | 388 | ||||||
| Bank franchise taxes | 102 | 73 | ||||||
| Student loan servicing fees and other loan expenses | 671 | 275 | ||||||
| Other real estate expenses, net | 46 | 12 | ||||||
| Supplies and equipment | 318 | 274 | ||||||
| Insurance | 167 | 166 | ||||||
| Directors fees | 187 | 138 | ||||||
| Marketing and business development | 51 | 88 | ||||||
| Other operating expenses | 337 | 375 | ||||||
| Total non-interest expense | $ | 8,800 | $ | 7,642 | ||||
Income Tax Expense
Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the Company has approximately $18.7 million of net operating loss carryforwards, which will expire if unused beginning in 2024. As of December 31, 2014, net deferred tax assets (“DTA”) of $6.2 million have been fully reserved with a valuation allowance. It is estimated that all of the valuation allowance is available to be reversed if and when it is deemed to be more-likely-than-not that all of the deferred tax asset will be realized. Of the net operating losses that occurred prior to the change in control of BVA in December 2010 and Cordia in April 2014, the amount of the loss carryforward available to offset taxable income is limited to approximately $254,000 per year for twenty years for BVA and zero for Cordia. DTAs related to net operating losses in excess of the amount realizable during the 20 year carryforward period have been written off.
Financial Condition
Loans
Loans represent the largest category of earning assets and typically provide higher yields than the other types of earning assets. Loans carry inherent credit and liquidity risks associated with the creditworthiness of our borrowers and general economic conditions. At December 31, 2014, total loans held for investment (net of allowance for loan losses) were $211.9 million versus $172.5 million at December 31, 2013. There were no loans held for sale at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
| 24 |
The following table sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio by category at the dates indicated and highlights our general emphasis on commercial and commercial real-estate lending.
| At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 2,159 | 1.0 | % | $ | 3,475 | 2.0 | % | $ | 3,313 | 2.9 | % | $ | 6,065 | 5.7 | % | $ | 9,539 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-owner occupied | 51,512 | 24.2 | % | 28,606 | 16.4 | % | 30,747 | 27.2 | % | 30,644 | 28.7 | % | 30,696 | 22.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | 49,582 | 23.3 | % | 50,500 | 29.0 | % | 39,570 | 35.0 | % | 31,790 | 29.7 | % | 33,924 | 24.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 24,153 | 11.3 | % | 21,085 | 12.1 | % | 23,488 | 20.8 | % | 19,492 | 18.2 | % | 33,125 | 24.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed studentloans | 64,870 | 30.5 | % | 55,427 | 31.9 | % | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | 8,377 | 3.9 | % | 7,156 | 4.1 | % | 7,260 | 6.4 | % | 8,003 | 7.5 | % | 23,817 | 17.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HELOC | 11,074 | 5.2 | % | 7,250 | 4.2 | % | 8,395 | 7.4 | % | 10,298 | 9.6 | % | 3,886 | 2.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 1,232 | 0.6 | % | 508 | 0.3 | % | 297 | 0.3 | % | 655 | 0.6 | % | 2,566 | 1.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | 212,959 | 100.0 | % | 174,007 | 100.0 | % | 113,070 | 100.0 | % | 106,947 | 100.0 | % | 137,553 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (1,089 | ) | (1,489 | ) | (2,110 | ) | (2,285 | ) | (50 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses | $ | 211,870 | $ | 172,518 | $ | 110,960 | $ | 104,662 | $ | 137,503 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The largest component of the loan portfolio is comprised of various types of commercial real estate loans. At December 31, 2014, commercial real estate loans totaled $103.3 million or 48.5% of the total portfolio. Guaranteed student loans totaled $64.9 million, commercial and industrial loans, totaled $24.2 million and consumer loans, which were comprised principally of residential mortgage and home equity loans, totaled $20.7 million.
At December 31, 2014, single family residential mortgage loans totaled $8.4 million while home equity lines totaled $11.1 million. Residential real estate loans consisted of first and second mortgages on single or multi-family residential dwellings.
Our loan portfolio also includes consumer lines of credit and installment loans. At December 31, 2014, those consumer loans totaled $1.2 million and represented 0.6% of the total loan portfolio.
| 25 |
The repayment of maturing loans in the loan portfolio is also a source of liquidity for Cordia. The following tables set forth our loans maturing within specified intervals after the dates indicated. These tables were prepared based on the contractually outstanding balance and the contractual maturity date. These balances differ from the general ledger balances because of certain acquisition accounting adjustments.
| (dollars in thousands) | Within
One Year | Over
One Year Within Five Years | Over
Five Years | Total | ||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 1,463 | $ | 695 | $ | - | $ | 2,158 | ||||||||
| Other Commercial Real Estate | 8,296 | 34,262 | 8,997 | 51,555 | ||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | 2,350 | 37,841 | 9,402 | 49,593 | ||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 8,884 | 12,515 | 2,791 | 24,190 | ||||||||||||
| Guaranteed student loans | 21 | 1,238 | 63,611 | 64,870 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer | 6,004 | 9,249 | 5,502 | 20,755 | ||||||||||||
| Totals | $ | 27,018 | $ | 95,800 | $ | 90,303 | $ | 213,121 | ||||||||
| Loans maturing after one year with: | ||||||||||||||||
| Fixed interest rates | $ | 96,584 | ||||||||||||||
| Floating interest rates | 89,519 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 186,103 | ||||||||||||||
The information presented in the above table is based on the contractual maturities of the individual loans, including loans which may be subject to renewal at their maturities. Renewal of such loans is subject to review and credit approval as well as modification of terms. Consequently, we believe the treatment in the above table presents fairly the maturity and repricing structure of the loan portfolio as shown in the above table.
Allowance for Loan Losses
At December 31, 2014, our allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) was $1.1 million, or 0.51% of total loans outstanding and 49.0% of non-performing loans. Excluding the guaranteed portion of the student loan portfolio, ALLL was 0.73% of total loans outstanding less guaranteed student loans. At December 31, 2013, ALLL was $1.5 million, or 0.86% of total loans outstanding and 25.9% of non-performing loans. The decrease of 35 basis points in the allowance for loan losses percentage of total loans was primarily due to a significant decrease in the historical loss experience at year-end December 31, 2014 compared to year-end December 31, 2013.
Management has developed policies and procedures for evaluating the overall quality of the loan portfolio, the timely identification of potential problem credits and impaired loans and the establishment of an appropriate ALLL. The acquired loan portfolio was originally recorded at fair value, which includes a credit mark-to-market, based on the acquisition method of accounting. Loans renewed (performing loans acquired) or originated since the date of our initial investment are evaluated and an appropriate ALLL is established. Any worsening of acquired impaired loans since the date of Cordia’s investment in BVA is evaluated for further impairment. Additional impairment on acquired impaired loans is recorded through the provision for loan losses. Any improvement in cash flows of acquired impaired loans is amortized as a yield adjustment over the remaining life of the loans. A fuller explanation may be found in the table under the caption “Loans With Deteriorated Credit Quality” regarding accretable and nonaccretable discount. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan is confirmed, which decreases the balance of the allowance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited back to the ALLL.
The ALLL consists of a specific component allocated to impaired loans and a general component allocated to the aggregate of all unimpaired loans. The amount of the ALLL is established through the application of a standardized model, the components of which are: an impairment analysis of identified loans to determine the level of any specific reserves needed on impaired loans, and a broad analysis of historical loss experience, economic factors and portfolio-related environmental factors to determine the level of general reserves needed. The model inputs include an evaluation of historical charge-offs, the current trends in delinquencies, and adverse credit migration and trends in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, including concentrations in higher risk loan types. Results from regulatory exams are also reflected in these assessments.
| 26 |
The ALLL is evaluated quarterly by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the specific borrowers’ ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The use of various estimates and judgments in our ongoing evaluation of the required level of allowance can significantly affect our results of operations and financial condition and may result in either greater provisions to increase the allowance or reduced provisions based upon management’s current view of portfolio and economic conditions and the application of revised estimates and assumptions. The ALLL consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as substandard or worse. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, a specific allowance is established. The general component covers loans graded special mention or better and is based on an analysis of historical loss experience, national and local economic factors, and environmental factors specific to the loan portfolio composition.
Changes affecting the ALLL are summarized in the following table.
| For the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period | $ | 1,489 | $ | 2,110 | $ | 2,285 | $ | 50 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Provision for loan losses | 305 | 19 | 588 | 2,763 | 50 | |||||||||||||||
| Charge-offs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | (120 | ) | (289 | ) | (635 | ) | (528 | ) | - | |||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | (485 | ) | - | (286 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Guaranteed Student Loans | (359 | ) | (94 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Consumer | - | (403 | ) | (223 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Total charge-offs | (964 | ) | (786 | ) | (1,144 | ) | (528 | ) | - | |||||||||||
| Recoveries: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 139 | - | 346 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 91 | 135 | 16 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed Student Loans | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 29 | 11 | 19 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total recoveries | 259 | 146 | 381 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (705 | ) | (640 | ) | (763 | ) | (528 | ) | - | |||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses at end of period | $ | 1,089 | $ | 1,489 | $ | 2,110 | $ | 2,285 | $ | 50 | ||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans | 49.0 | % | 37.8 | % | 36.8 | % | 28.7 | % | 0.7 | % | ||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to total loans outstanding at end of period | 0.51 | % | 0.86 | % | 1.87 | % | 2.14 | % | 0.04 | % | ||||||||||
| Net charge-offs to average loans during the period | 0.36 | % | 0.38 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.43 | % | NA | |||||||||||
| 27 |
Included in the above table is the activity related to the portion of ALLL for loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. Because of the nature and limited number of these loans, they are individually evaluated for additional impairment on a quarterly basis. Activity related only to that portion of the ALLL is as follows:
| Years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period | $ | 234 | $ | 537 | $ | 387 | $ | 910 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Provision for loan losses | (7 | ) | (14 | ) | 406 | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | (120 | ) | (289 | ) | (229 | ) | (523 | ) | - | |||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | (17 | ) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer | - | - | (27 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Total charge-offs | (137 | ) | (289 | ) | (256 | ) | (523 | ) | - | |||||||||||
| Recoveries: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total recoveries | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (137 | ) | (289 | ) | (256 | ) | (523 | ) | - | |||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses at end of period | $ | 90 | $ | 234 | $ | 537 | $ | 387 | - | |||||||||||
The table below provides the breakout of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio class.
| At December 31, 2014 | At December 31, 2013 | At December 31, 2012 | At December 31, 2011 | At December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars
in thousands) | Amount | %
of Allowance to total allowance | %
of Loans in category to total loans | Amount | %
of Allowance to total allowance | %
of Loans in category to total loans | Amount | %
of Allowance to total allowance | %
of Loans in category to total loans | Amount | %
of Allowance to total allowance | %
of Loans in category to total loans | Amount | %
of Allowance to total allowance | %
of Loans in category to total loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 392 | 36 | % | 49 | % | $ | 661 | 45 | % | 48 | % | $ | 810 | 38 | % | 65 | % | $ | 1,016 | 44 | % | 64 | % | $ | 50 | 100 | % | 54 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 357 | 33 | % | 11 | % | 377 | 25 | % | 12 | % | 782 | 37 | % | 21 | % | 685 | 30 | % | 18 | % | - | - | 24 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guaranteed Student Loans | 144 | 13 | % | 30 | % | 268 | 18 | % | 32 | % | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 196 | 18 | % | 10 | % | 183 | 12 | % | 8 | % | 518 | 25 | % | 14 | % | 584 | 26 | % | 18 | % | - | - | 22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total allowance for loan losses | $ | 1,089 | 100 | % | 100 | % | $ | 1,489 | 100 | % | 100 | % | $ | 2,110 | 100 | % | 100 | % | $ | 2,285 | 100 | % | 100 | % | $ | 50 | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Quality
Risk Rating Process
On a quarterly basis, the process of estimating the allowance for loan losses begins with review of the risk rating assigned to individual loans. Through this process, loans graded substandard or worse are evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 310 “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.” Refer to Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.
| 28 |
The following is the distribution of loans by credit quality and class as of:
| December 31, 2014 (dollars in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit quality class | Acq-Dev Construction | Non-owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Commercial and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential Mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Highest quality | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Above average quality | - | 2,225 | 2,788 | 2,498 | 64,870 | 24 | 1,394 | 719 | 74,518 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Satisfactory | 458 | 30,473 | 26,608 | 14,883 | - | 3,325 | 6,140 | 425 | 82,312 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Pass | 476 | 17,236 | 16,986 | 5,593 | - | 4,768 | 2,589 | 88 | 47,736 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Special mention | - | 123 | - | 68 | - | 75 | 319 | - | 585 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Substandard | 267 | - | - | 142 | - | - | 268 | - | 677 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Doubtful | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,201 | 50,057 | 46,382 | 23,184 | 64,870 | 8,192 | 10,710 | 1,232 | 205,828 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deteriorating credit quality | 958 | 1,455 | 3,200 | 969 | - | 185 | 364 | - | 7,131 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 2,159 | $ | 51,512 | $ | 49,582 | $ | 24,153 | $ | 64,870 | $ | 8,377 | $ | 11,074 | $ | 1,232 | $ | 212,959 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2013 (dollars in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit quality class | Acq-Dev Construction | Non-owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Commercial and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential Mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Highest quality | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Above average quality | - | 2,078 | 2,966 | 2,170 | 55,427 | 73 | 205 | 80 | 62,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Satisfactory | 325 | 10,563 | 25,264 | 8,290 | - | 3,965 | 3,541 | 350 | 52,298 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Pass | 1,500 | 12,990 | 14,606 | 8,128 | - | 2,710 | 2,243 | 78 | 42,255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Special mention | 299 | 1,449 | 3,486 | 268 | - | 203 | 630 | - | 6,335 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Substandard | 267 | - | 336 | 759 | - | 15 | 177 | - | 1,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Doubtful | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,391 | 27,080 | 46,658 | 19,615 | 55,427 | 6,966 | 6,796 | 508 | 165,441 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deteriorating credit quality | 1,084 | 1,526 | 3,842 | 1,470 | - | 190 | 454 | - | 8,566 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 3,475 | $ | 28,606 | $ | 50,500 | $ | 21,085 | $ | 55,427 | $ | 7,156 | $ | 7,250 | $ | 508 | $ | 174,007 | ||||||||||||||||||
As shown in the tables above, substandard and worse loans were $677 thousand at December 31, 2014, or 0.3% of the total loan portfolio. This compares to $1.6 million or 0.9% at December 31, 2013. Special mention loans decreased $5.8 million from $6.3 million at December 31, 2013 to $585 thousand at December 31, 2014 and loans graded “pass” or better increased $47.0 million to $204.6 million at December 31, 2014 as compared to $157.6 million at December 31, 2013. The decrease in special mention loans is due to loans that have been re-underwritten and reclassified to pass grade. Loans acquired by Cordia in December 2010 with deteriorating credit quality have declined $1.5 million from $8.6 million at December 31, 2013 to $7.1 million at December 31, 2013. The majority of these loans are now pass rated performing credits.
The Bank has continued to employ a third party loan review firm for annual reviews and periodic special assignments. The most recent review was completed in May 2014, with another review scheduled during the second quarter of 2015. The scope of the 2014 loan file review totaled approximately 70% of the Bank’s exposure and included the following:
| ● | All classified loans or total relationship exposure over $250,000; |
| ● | All special mention loans or total relationship exposures over $500,000; |
| ● | A random sample of pass-rated loans determined by the loan review firm under $500,000; |
| ● | All loans past due as of the review date; |
| ● | All OREO properties; |
| ● | All insider loans, including loans to directors, significant shareholders, and executive management granted since the last review; |
| ● | Any loans that management or the board of directors requested be reviewed; |
| ● | Annual review of the allowance for loan and lease loss reserve and methodology. |
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Nonperforming Assets
The past due status of a loan is based on the contractual due date of the most delinquent payment due. Loans, including impaired loans, are generally classified as nonaccrual if they are past due as to maturity or payment of principal or interest for a period of more than 90 days, unless such loans are well-secured and in the process of collection. Loans greater than 90 days past due may remain on an accrual status if management determines it has adequate collateral and cash flow to cover the principal and interest or the borrower is in the process of refinancing. If a loan or a portion of a loan that is delinquent more than 90 days is adversely classified, or is partially charged off, the loan is generally classified as nonaccrual. Additionally, whenever management becomes aware of facts or circumstances that may adversely impact the full collectability of principal and interest of a loan, it is placed on nonaccrual status immediately, rather than delaying such action until the loans become 90 days past due.
When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued and uncollected interest is reversed, and the amortization of related deferred loan fees or costs is suspended. While a loan is classified as nonaccrual and the future collectability of the recorded loan balance is doubtful, collections of interest and principal are generally applied as a reduction to principal outstanding. When the future collectability of the recorded loan balance is expected, interest income may be recognized on a cash basis. In the case where a nonaccrual loan has been partially charged off, recognition of interest on a cash basis is limited to that which would have been recognized on the recorded loan balance at the contractual interest rate. Cash interest receipts in excess of that amount are recorded as recoveries to the allowance for loan losses until prior charge-offs have been fully recovered.
Loans placed on non-accrual status generally may be returned to accrual status after:
| · | payments are received for approximately six (6) consecutive months in accordance with the loan documents, and any doubt as to the loan's full collectability has been removed; or |
| · | the loan is restructured and supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower's financial condition and the prospects for full payment. |
When a restructured loan is returned to accrual status after restructuring, the risk rating remains unchanged until a satisfactory payment history is re-established, typically for approximately six months, at which time it is returned to accrual status.
Nonperforming assets totaled $3.9 million or 1.2% of total assets at December 31, 2014 and are comprised of non-accrual loans of $2.2 million and real estate owned of $1.6 million. The balance of nonperforming assets at December 31, 2013 was $7.3 million or 3.1% of total assets. The decrease in nonperforming loans at December 31, 2014 from December 31, 2013 was a result of management’s aggressive approach to workout and resolution of problem loans coupled with growth in total assets.
Real estate acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure is held for sale and is stated at the estimated fair market value of the property, less estimated disposal costs. Any excess of the principal over the estimated fair market value at the time of acquisition is charged to the allowance for loan losses. The estimated fair market value is reviewed periodically by management and any write-downs are charged against current earnings. Development and improvement costs relating to property are capitalized unless such added costs cause the properties recorded value to exceed the estimated fair market value. Net operating income or expenses of such properties are included in collection, repossession and other real estate owned expenses.
| 30 |
A summary of nonperforming assets, including troubled debt restructurings, as of the dates indicated follows:
| Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings | $ | - | $ | 119 | $ | - | $ | 446 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Other non-accrual loans | 2,221 | 3,815 | 5,471 | 7,503 | 6,915 | |||||||||||||||
| Total non-accrual loans | 2,221 | 3,934 | 5,471 | 7,949 | 6,915 | |||||||||||||||
| Real estate owned | 1,641 | 1,545 | 1,768 | 1,262 | 551 | |||||||||||||||
| Total non-performing assets | $ | 3,862 | $ | 5,479 | $ | 7,239 | $ | 9,211 | $ | 7,466 | ||||||||||
| Total non-accrual loans to total loans | 1.04 | % | 2.26 | % | 4.84 | % | 7.43 | % | 5.03 | % | ||||||||||
| Total non-accrual loans to total assets | 0.70 | % | 1.67 | % | 3.06 | % | 4.80 | % | 3.25 | % | ||||||||||
| Total non-performing assets to total assets | 1.21 | % | 2.33 | % | 4.05 | % | 5.56 | % | 3.51 | % | ||||||||||
| Accruing troubled debt restructurings | $ | 1,260 | $ | 1,837 | $ | 2,060 | $ | 2,530 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 212,959 | $ | 174,007 | $ | 113,070 | $ | 106,947 | $ | 137,553 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 318,600 | $ | 235,148 | $ | 178,696 | $ | 165,551 | $ | 212,526 | ||||||||||
Student loans with a past due balance greater than 90 days are not included in the balance of nonperforming assets. Guaranteed student loans accrue interest until the date the guaranty is paid. The guarantor’s payment covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. Upon receipt of payment, the unguaranteed portion is charged off to the ALLL.
Loans With Deteriorated Credit Quality
In the acquisition of BVA certain loans were acquired which showed evidence of deterioration in credit quality. These loans are accounted for under the guidance of ASC 310-30. Information related to these loans as of the dates indicated is provided in the following table.
| At December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Contract principal balance | $ | 7,178 | $ | 8,689 | ||||
| Accretable yield | (42 | ) | (62 | ) | ||||
| Nonaccretable difference | (5 | ) | (61 | ) | ||||
| Book value of loans | $ | 7,131 | $ | 8,566 | ||||
Investment Securities
Our investment portfolio consists of U.S. agency debt and agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities. Our investment security portfolio includes securities classified as available for sale as well as securities classified as held to maturity. The total securities portfolio (excluding restricted securities) was $74.2 million at December 31, 2014 as compared to $39.3 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, the securities portfolio consisted of $53.5 million of securities available for sale and $20.7 million of securities held to maturity.
| 31 |
Amortized cost and fair values of securities available for sale are as follows:
| Years end December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agencies | $ | 2,705 | $ | 2,689 | $ | 7,038 | $ | 7,041 | $ | 3,425 | $ | 3,455 | ||||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 50,960 | 50,794 | 17,578 | 17,526 | 15,007 | 15,056 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 53,665 | $ | 53,483 | $ | 24,616 | $ | 24,567 | $ | 18,432 | $ | 18,511 | ||||||||||||
Carrying value and fair value of securities held to maturity are as follows:
| Years end December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Carry Value | Fair Value | Carry Value | Fair Value | Carry Value | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | $ | 20,716 | $ | 21,047 | $ | 14,753 | $ | 14,597 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 20,716 | $ | 21,047 | $ | 14,753 | $ | 14,597 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
The portfolio is available to support liquidity needs of BVA as well as a source of interest income. During 2014, the Company sold $23.4 million of available for sale securities and recognized a gain of $177 thousand in noninterest income. During 2013, sales of available securities were $3.3 million with no material gains or losses recognized.
As of December 31, 2014, we had gross unrealized losses of $204 thousand and $2 thousand on our available for sale and held to maturity securities portfolios, respectively. As of December 31, 2014, we had $45 thousand of unrealized losses greater than 12 months on our available for sale portfolio and had no material unrealized losses greater than 12 months on our held to maturity portfolio. All of the unrealized losses are attributable to increases in interest rates and not to credit deterioration. Currently, we do not believe that it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the investments. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not to credit quality and because it is not likely we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, we do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2014. See Note 3. Securities for more information on unrealized losses on the securities portfolio.
The following tables set forth the scheduled maturities and average yields of securities available for sale at December 31, 2014.
| Within one year | After one year within five years | After five years within ten years | After ten years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agencies | $ | - | - | $ | - | - | $ | - | - | $ | 2,689 | 1.47 | % | $ | 2,689 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | - | - | 1,030 | 1.15 | % | 335 | 1.38 | % | 49,429 | 1.99 | % | 50,794 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | - | - | $ | 1,030 | 1.15 | % | $ | 335 | 1.38 | % | $ | 52,118 | 1.96 | % | $ | 53,483 | |||||||||||||||||||
The following tables set forth the scheduled maturities and average yields of securities held to maturity at December 31, 2014.
| Within one year | After one year within five years | After five years within ten years | After ten years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | - | - | - | - | 3,696 | 2.98 | % | 17,020 | 2.60 | % | 20,716 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | - | - | $ | - | - | $ | 3,696 | 2.98 | % | $ | 17,020 | 2.60 | % | $ | 20,716 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 32 |
Deposits and Other Interest-Bearing Liabilities
At December 31, 2014, total deposits were $265.6 million, compared to $210.8 million at December 31, 2013. Core deposits, which by FDIC guidelines exclude certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more and insured brokered deposits, provide a relatively stable funding source for our loan portfolio and other earning assets. Our core deposits were $234.8 million at December 31, 2014, or 88.4% of total deposits, compared to $194.5 million at December 31, 2013, or 92.3% of total deposits. Deposits, including core deposits, have been the primary source of funding and have enabled us to successfully meet both our short-term and long-term liquidity needs. During the year ended December 31, 2014, money market deposits increased $22.0 million, of which $13.0 million was insured brokered deposits. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2014, time deposits increased by $24.3 million. Our loan-to-deposit ratio was 80.2% at December 31, 2014 and 82.5% at December 31, 2013.
The following table sets forth our deposits by category at the dates indicated.
| At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing demand accounts | $ | 30,709 | 12 | % | $ | 22,845 | 11 | % | $ | 19,498 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
| NOW accounts | 13,239 | 5 | % | 13,072 | 6 | % | 14,830 | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Savings and money market accounts | 70,100 | 26 | % | 47,613 | 23 | % | 24,563 | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Times deposits - less than $100,000 | 49,557 | 19 | % | 51,053 | 24 | % | 54,142 | 35 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Times deposits - $100,000 or more | 101,998 | 38 | % | 76,231 | 36 | % | 41,395 | 27 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 265,603 | 100 | % | $ | 210,814 | 100 | % | $ | 154,428 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||
At December 31, 2014, 57.9% of our time deposits over $100,000 had maturities within twelve months. Large certificate of deposit customers tend to be more sensitive to interest rate levels, making these deposits less reliable sources of funding for liquidity planning purposes in comparison to core deposits.
The maturity distribution of our time deposits of $100,000 or more and other time deposits at December 31, 2014, is set forth in the following table:
| (dollars in thousands) | Time Deposits less than $100,000 | Time Deposits $100,000 or more | Total | |||||||||
| Months to maturity: | ||||||||||||
| Three months or less | $ | 8,221 | $ | 21,798 | $ | 30,019 | ||||||
| Over three months to twelve months | 19,978 | 37,210 | 57,188 | |||||||||
| Over twelve months to three years | 17,839 | 35,836 | 53,675 | |||||||||
| Over three years | 3,519 | 7,154 | 10,673 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 49,557 | $ | 101,998 | $ | 151,555 | ||||||
Management monitors maturity trends in time deposits as part of its overall asset liability management and retail pricing strategies.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Liquidity management involves monitoring our sources and uses of funds in order to meet our short-term and long-term cash flow requirements while optimizing profits. Liquidity represents an institution’s ability to meet present and future financial obligations, including through the sale of existing assets or the acquisition of additional funds through short-term borrowings. BVA’s primary access to liquidity comes from several sources: operating cash flows from payments received on loans and mortgage-backed securities, increased deposits, and cash reserves. BVA’s secondary sources of liquidity are Federal Funds sold, unpledged securities available for sale, and borrowings from correspondent banks, the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window. Liquidity strategies are implemented and monitored by the Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) of our BVA Board of Directors.
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BVA’s deposit base grew by 26.0% from $210.8 million at December 31, 2013 to $265.6 million at December 31, 2014. The growth in deposits was primarily driven by growth in savings and money market accounts and time deposits in excess of $100,000. Savings and money market accounts grew 47.2% from $47.6 million at December 31, 2013 to $70.1 million at December 31, 2014. Time deposits in excess of $100,000 grew 33.8% from $76.2 million at December 31, 2013 to $102.0 million at December 31, 2014. As BVA looks to implement other loan growth initiatives, it has developed several funding strategies, including judicious use of brokered and direct certificates of deposits, to augment core deposit growth and further reduce the cost of funds. Development of several sources of funding beyond core deposit growth ensures maximum liquidity access without dependence on higher cost sources of funds.
BVA maintains an investment portfolio of available for sale marketable securities that may be used for liquidity purposes by either pledging them through repurchase transactions against borrowings from the FHLB or a correspondent bank or by selling them on the open market. Those securities consist primarily of U.S. Government agency debt securities. To the extent any securities are pledged against borrowing from one credit facility, the borrowing ability of other secured borrowing facilities would be reduced by a like amount.
Borrowings
As of December 31, 2014, BVA had a total of $22.5 million committed repurchase lines with correspondent banks through which borrowings could be made against the pledge of marketable securities subject to mark-to-market valuations and standard collateral borrowing ratios. These lines were unused during 2013 and 2014 and remain fully available. BVA also maintains a $2.5 million unsecured line of credit as well as a $2.0 million unsecured lines of credit with other correspondent banks that were available for direct borrowings or Federal Funds purchased.
BVA is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB), which provides access to additional lines of credit and other products offered by the FHLB. These borrowings are largely secured by BVA’s loan portfolio. The FHLB maintains a blanket security agreement on qualifying collateral. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, BVA had $25.0 million and $10.0 million in secured borrowings outstanding, at a stated average interest rate of 1.25%, with the FHLB Atlanta against pledged eligible mortgage loan collateral and investment securities. As of December 31, 2014, BVA had a total credit availability of $35.2 million at the FHLB which could be accessed through pledging a combination of eligible mortgage loan collateral and investment securities. The FHLB offers a variety of floating and fixed rate loans at terms ranging from overnight to 20 years; therefore, BVA can match borrowings mitigating interest rate risk.
Liquidity Contingency Plan
Historically BVA has maintained both a retail branch-based and an asset-based liquidity strategy and has not depended materially on brokered deposits or utilized securitization as sources of liquidity. BVA strives to follow regulatory guidance in the management of liquidity risk and has established a Board-approved Contingency Funding Plan (CFP) that prescribes liquidity risk limits and guidelines and includes pro forma cash flow analyses of BVA’s sources and uses of funds under various liquidity scenarios. BVA’s CFP includes funding alternatives that can be implemented if access to normal funding sources is reduced.
We are not aware of any trends, events or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our short term or long term liquidity. Based on the current and expected liquidity needs, including any liquidity needs associated with loan growth or generated by off-balance sheet transactions such as commitments to extend credit, commitments to purchase securities and standby letters of credit, we expect to be able to meet our obligations for the next twelve months.
Capital
BVA is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can trigger certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on our financial statements. Under the regulatory capital adequacy guidelines BVA must meet specific capital guidelines that are based on quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Our capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators.
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Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require financial institutions to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). At December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, BVA met all capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject. BVA is also required to maintain capital at a minimum level as a proportion of quarterly average assets, which is known as the leverage ratio. The minimum levels to be considered well-capitalized are 5% for tier 1 leverage ratio, 6% for tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, and 10% for total risk-based capital ratio.
BVA exceeded all the regulatory capital requirements at the dates indicated and was considered well-capitalized, as set forth in the following table. Cordia completed a capital raise of $15.4 million on April 10, 2014. A substantial portion of the proceeds were invested in BVA, resulting in BVA having capital ratios as of December 31, 2014 that are materially higher than the capital ratios as of December 31, 2013.
| Minumum Requirements | ||||||||||||||||
| At December 31, (dollars in thousands) | Well Capitalized | Adequately Capitalized | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | $ | 25,985 | $ | 14,127 | ||||||||||||
| Tier 2 capital | 1,089 | 1,489 | ||||||||||||||
| Total qualifying capital | $ | 27,074 | $ | 15,616 | ||||||||||||
| Total risk-adjusted assets | $ | 174,476 | $ | 138,869 | ||||||||||||
| Tier 1 leverage ratio | 5 | % | 4 | % | 8.24 | % | 6.09 | % | ||||||||
| Tier 1 risked-based capital ratio | 6 | % | 4 | % | 14.89 | % | 10.17 | % | ||||||||
| Total risk-based capital ratio | 10 | % | 8 | % | 15.52 | % | 11.25 | % | ||||||||
Cordia is considered a small bank holding company, based on its asset size under $500 million. Accordingly it is exempt from Federal regulatory guidelines related to leverage ratios and risk-based capital.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The pricing and maturity of assets and liabilities are monitored and managed in order to diminish the potential adverse impact that changes in rates could have on net interest income. The principal monitoring techniques employed by BVA are the Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”) and Net Interest Income or Earnings at Risk (“NII” or “EaR”). EVE and NII are cash flow and earnings simulation modeling techniques which predict likely economic outcomes given various interest rate scenarios.
Interest rate sensitivity can be managed by closely matching the interest rate repricing periods of assets or liabilities at the time they are acquired and by adjusting that match as the balance sheet grows or the mix of asset and liability characteristics or interest rates change. That adjustment can be accomplished by selling securities available for sale, replacing an asset or liability at maturity with those of different characteristics, or adjusting the interest rate during the life of an asset or liability. Managing the amount of different assets and liabilities that reprice in a given time interval may help to hedge the risk and minimize the impact on net interest income of rising or falling interest rates.
Application of a 200 basis point rate increase would result in an 11.1% increase in net interest income at December 31, 2014, as compared to a 11.6% increase at December 31, 2013. A 200 basis point rate increase would result in the depreciation of the Bank’s equity value by 5.9% at December 31, 2014 compared to a depreciation of 15.1% at December 31, 2013.
Off-Balance Sheet Risk/Commitments and Contingencies
Through our operations, we have made contractual commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of our business activities. These commitments are legally binding agreements to lend money to our customers at predetermined interest rates for a specified period of time. At December 31, 2014, we had issued commitments to extend credit of $15.6 million through various types of commercial lending arrangements. The majority of these commitments to extend credit had variable rates.
We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness for such commitments on a case-by-case basis in the same manner as for the approval of a direct loan. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by us upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial and residential real estate.
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Contractual obligations as of December 31, 2014 are summarized in the following table.
| Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Within one year | After one year within three years | After three year within five years | After five years | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | $ | 87,207 | $ | 53,675 | $ | 10,673 | $ | - | $ | 151,555 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | 334 | 588 | 433 | - | 1,355 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 87,541 | $ | 54,263 | $ | 11,106 | $ | - | $ | 152,910 | ||||||||||
Critical Accounting Policies
Cordia’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Cordia’s financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assets and liabilities and amounts reported for revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in our financial position and/or results of operations.
Estimates, assumptions, and judgments are necessary principally when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at estimated fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment write-down or valuation reserve to be established, or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded based upon the probability of occurrence of a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. The fair values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are either based on quoted market prices or provided by third party sources, when available. When third party information is not available, valuation adjustments are estimated in good faith by management primarily through the use of internal or third party modeling techniques and/or appraisal estimates.
Cordia’s accounting policies are fundamental to understanding Management’s Discussion and Analysis. The following is a summary of Cordia’s “critical accounting policies.” In addition, the disclosures presented in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and in this section provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined.
Business Combinations
Cordia accounts for its business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting, a cost allocation process which requires the cost of an acquisition to be allocated to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The acquisition method of accounting requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date measured at their fair values as of that date. To determine the fair values, Cordia relies on third party valuations, such as appraisals, or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques.
Acquired Loans with Specific Credit-Related Deterioration.
Acquired loans with specific credit deterioration are accounted for by Cordia in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 310-30. Certain acquired loans, those for which specific credit-related deterioration, since origination, is identified, are recorded at fair value reflecting the present value of the amounts expected to be collected. Income recognition on these loans is based on a reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected. Acquired loans deemed impaired and considered collateral dependent, with the timing of the sale of loan collateral indeterminate, remain on non-accrual status and have no accretable yield.
Allowance for Loan Losses
We monitor and maintain an allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) to absorb losses inherent in the loan portfolio. We maintain policies and procedures that address the systems of controls over the following areas of maintenance of the ALLL: the systematic methodology used to determine the appropriate level of the ALLL to provide assurance they are maintained in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; the accounting policies for loan charge-offs and recoveries; the assessment and measurement of impairment in the loan portfolio; and the loan grading system.
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We evaluate loans graded substandard or worse individually for impairment. These evaluations are based upon expected discounted cash flows or collateral values. If the evaluation shows that the loan’s expected discounted cash flows or underlying collateral is not sufficient to repay the loan as agreed in accordance with the terms of the loan, then a specific reserve is established for the amount of impairment, which represents the difference between the principal amount of the loan less the expected discounted cash flows or value of the underlying collateral, net of selling costs.
For loans without individual measures of impairment which are loans graded Special Mention or better, we make estimates of losses for pools of loans grouped by similar characteristics, including the type of loan as well as the assigned loan classification. A loss rate reflecting the expected loss inherent in a group of loans is derived based upon estimates of default rates for a given loan grade and the predominant collateral type for the group. The resulting estimate of losses for pools of loans is adjusted for relevant environmental factors and other conditions of the portfolio of loans, including: borrower and industry concentrations; levels and trends in delinquencies, charge-offs and recoveries; changes in underwriting standards and risk selection; level of experience, ability and depth of lending management; and national and local economic conditions.
The amount of estimated impairment for individually evaluated loans and pools of loans is added together for a total estimate of loan losses. This estimate of losses is compared to our ALLL as of the evaluation date and, if the estimate of losses is greater than the ALLL, an additional provision to the allowance would be made through a charge to the income statement. If the estimate of losses is less than the existing allowance, the degree to which the ALLL exceeds the estimate is evaluated to determine whether the ALLL falls outside a range of estimates. If the estimate of losses is below the range of reasonable estimates, the ALLL is reduced by way of a credit to the provision for loan losses. We recognize the inherent imprecision in estimates of losses due to various uncertainties and variability related to the factors used, and therefore a reasonable range around the estimate of losses is derived and used to ascertain whether the ALLL is materially overstated. If different assumptions or conditions were to prevail and it is determined that the ALLL is not adequate to absorb the new estimate of probable losses, an additional provision for loan losses would be made in future periods. These additional provisions may be material to the Financial Statements.
Impact of Inflation
Since the assets and liabilities of financial institutions such as BVA are primarily monetary in nature, interest rates have a more significant effect on BVA’s performance than do the effects of changes in the general rate of inflation and changes in prices of goods and services. In addition, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. As discussed previously, we seek to manage the relationships between interest sensitive assets and liabilities in order to protect against wide interest rate fluctuations, including those resulting from inflation.
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
The information required by this Item 7A is incorporated by reference to information appearing in the MD&A Section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, more specifically in the sections entitled “Interest Rate Sensitivity” and “Liquidity Contingency Plan”.
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| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
Cordia Bancorp
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
| December 31, 2014 | December 31, 2013 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | $ | 5,484 | $ | 5,290 | ||||
| Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks | 16,363 | 8,694 | ||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents | 21,847 | 13,984 | ||||||
| Securities available for sale, at fair market value | 53,483 | 24,567 | ||||||
| Securities held to maturity, at cost (fair value $21,047 and $14,597 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively) | 20,716 | 14,753 | ||||||
| Restricted securities | 2,092 | 1,074 | ||||||
| Loans net of allowance for loan losses of $1,089 and $1,489 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively | 211,870 | 172,518 | ||||||
| Premises and equipment, net | 4,432 | 4,464 | ||||||
| Accrued interest receivable | 2,040 | 1,655 | ||||||
| Other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance | 1,641 | 1,545 | ||||||
| Other assets | 479 | 588 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 318,600 | $ | 235,148 | ||||
| Liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||||||||
| Deposits | ||||||||
| Non-interest bearing | $ | 30,709 | $ | 22,845 | ||||
| Savings and interest-bearing demand | 83,339 | 60,685 | ||||||
| Time deposits | 151,555 | 127,284 | ||||||
| Total deposits | 265,603 | 210,814 | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 861 | 1,047 | ||||||
| FHLB borrowings | 25,000 | 10,000 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 291,464 | 221,861 | ||||||
| Stockholders' equity | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, 2,000 shares authorized, $0.01 par value, none issued and outstanding | - | - | ||||||
| Common stock: | ||||||||
| Common stock - 120,000,000 shares authorized, $0.01 par value, 5,103,669 and 2,788,302 shares were outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively | 51 | 28 | ||||||
| Nonvoting common stock - 5,000,000 shares authorized, $0.01 par value, 1,400,437 and 0 shares were outstanding at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively | 14 | - | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 32,956 | 18,648 | ||||||
| Retained deficit | (5,417 | ) | (5,005 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (468 | ) | (384 | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 27,136 | 13,287 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 318,600 | $ | 235,148 | ||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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Cordia Bancorp
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest and fees on loans | $ | 8,923 | $ | 9,366 | ||||
| Investment securities | 1,269 | 426 | ||||||
| Federal funds sold and deposits with banks | 25 | 73 | ||||||
| Total interest income | 10,217 | 9,865 | ||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||
| Interest on deposits | 1,761 | 1,644 | ||||||
| Interest on FHLB borrowings | 230 | 164 | ||||||
| Total interest expense | 1,991 | 1,808 | ||||||
| Net interest income | 8,226 | 8,057 | ||||||
| Provision for loan losses | 305 | 19 | ||||||
| Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 7,921 | 8,038 | ||||||
| Non-interest income | ||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 123 | 132 | ||||||
| Net gain on sale of available for sale securities | 177 | - | ||||||
| Other fee income | 167 | 168 | ||||||
| Total non-interest income | 467 | 300 | ||||||
| Non-interest expense | ||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | 4,846 | 4,216 | ||||||
| Professional services | 427 | 501 | ||||||
| Occupancy | 565 | 565 | ||||||
| Data processing and communications | 698 | 571 | ||||||
| FDIC assessment and bank fees | 385 | 388 | ||||||
| Bank franchise taxes | 102 | 73 | ||||||
| Student loan servicing fees and other loan expenses | 671 | 275 | ||||||
| Other real estate expenses, net | 46 | 12 | ||||||
| Supplies and equipment | 318 | 274 | ||||||
| Insurance | 167 | 166 | ||||||
| Director's fees | 187 | 138 | ||||||
| Marketing and business development | 51 | 88 | ||||||
| Other operating expenses | 337 | 375 | ||||||
| Total non-interest expense | 8,800 | 7,642 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) before income taxes | (412 | ) | 696 | |||||
| Income taxes | - | - | ||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (412 | ) | $ | 696 | |||
| Basic net income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 0.27 | |||
| Diluted net income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 0.27 | |||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, basic | 4,675,468 | 2,602,357 | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted | 4,675,468 | 2,615,387 | ||||||
See Notes to the Consolidatd Financial Statements
| 39 |
Cordia Bancorp
Consolidated Statement of Comprenhensive Income (Loss)
For the years ended December 31, (dollars in thousands)
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (412 | ) | $ | 696 | |||
| Other comprehensive loss | ||||||||
| Unrealized losses on available for sale securities arising during period | (309 | ) | (448 | ) | ||||
| Less: reclassification adjustment for net secuirties gains included in net income | 177 | - | ||||||
| Add: Amortization of available for sale to held to maturiy reclassification adjustment | 48 | 8 | ||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | (84 | ) | (440 | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (496 | ) | $ | 256 | |||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
| 40 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (dollars in thousands)
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock - Voting | Common Stock - Nonvoting | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Non- controlling Interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2012 | $ | - | $ | 21 | $ | - | $ | 14,428 | $ | (5,701 | ) | $ | 56 | $ | 4,335 | $ | 13,139 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | 696 | - | - | 696 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | - | - | - | - | - | (440 | ) | - | (440 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of Bank of Virginia common stock for Cordia common stock, net of stock issuance costs | - | 7 | - | 4,121 | - | - | (4,335 | ) | (207 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | 99 | - | - | - | 99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2013 | $ | - | $ | 28 | $ | - | $ | 18,648 | $ | (5,005 | ) | $ | (384 | ) | $ | - | $ | 13,287 | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | (412 | ) | - | - | (412 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | - | - | - | - | - | (84 | ) | - | (84 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of preferred stock | 14,135 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14,135 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of preferred stock | (14,135 | ) | - | - | - | - | - | - | (14,135 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 23 | 14 | 14,038 | 14,075 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | 270 | - | - | - | 270 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2014 | $ | - | $ | 51 | $ | 14 | $ | 32,956 | $ | (5,417 | ) | $ | (468 | ) | $ | - | $ | 27,136 | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
| 41 |
Cordia Bancorp
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31,2014 and 2013 (dollars in thousands)
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (412 | ) | $ | 696 | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ||||||||
| Net amortization of premium on investment securities | 366 | 162 | ||||||
| Purchase accounting accretion, net | (291 | ) | (924 | ) | ||||
| Depreciation | 294 | 279 | ||||||
| Provision for loan losses | 305 | 19 | ||||||
| Gain on available for securities | (177 | ) | - | |||||
| Gain on sale of other real estate owned | - | (36 | ) | |||||
| Other real estate owned valuation adjustment | (13 | ) | - | |||||
| Stock based compensation | 270 | 99 | ||||||
| Net change in loans held for sale | - | 28,949 | ||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Increase in accrued interest receivable | (385 | ) | (1,236 | ) | ||||
| Decrease in other assets | 109 | 48 | ||||||
| (Increase) decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities | (92 | ) | 12 | |||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (26 | ) | 28,068 | |||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of securities available for sale | (58,624 | ) | (23,565 | ) | ||||
| Purchase of securities held to maturity | (7,686 | ) | (5,135 | ) | ||||
| (Purchase) redemptions of restricted securities, net | (1,018 | ) | 82 | |||||
| Proceeds from sales, maturities, and paydowns of securities available for sale | 29,458 | 7,088 | ||||||
| Proceeds from payments/maturities of securities held to maturity | 1,700 | 125 | ||||||
| Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned | - | 259 | ||||||
| Net increase in commercial and consumer loans | (29,713 | ) | (5,378 | ) | ||||
| Net increase in purchased guaranteed student loans | (9,802 | ) | (55,510 | ) | ||||
| Purchase of premises and equipment | (254 | ) | (343 | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (75,939 | ) | (82,377 | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of stock (stock issuance costs), net | 14,075 | (207 | ) | |||||
| Net increase in demand savings, interest-bearing checking and money market deposits | 30,123 | 24,603 | ||||||
| Net increase in time deposits | 24,630 | 31,916 | ||||||
| Proceeds from FHLB advances | 15,000 | - | ||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | 83,828 | 56,312 | ||||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 7,863 | 2,003 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 13,984 | 11,981 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 21,847 | $ | 13,984 | ||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | ||||||||
| Cash payments for interest | $ | 1,973 | $ | 1,838 | ||||
| Supplemental disclosure of noninvesting activities | ||||||||
| Fair value adjustments for securities | $ | (309 | ) | $ | (448 | ) | ||
| Loans transferred to other real estate owned | $ | (83 | ) | $ | - | |||
| Transfer of securities from available for sale to held to maturity | $ | - | $ | (9,740 | ) | |||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
| 42 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Cordia Bancorp Inc. (“Company” or “Cordia”) was incorporated in 2009 by a team of former bank CEOs, directors and advisors seeking to invest in undervalued community banks in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. The Company was approved as a bank holding company by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve in November 2010 and granted the authority to purchase a majority interest in Bank of Virginia (“Bank” or “BVA”) at that time.
On December 10, 2010, Cordia purchased $10.3 million of BVA’s common stock at a price of $7.60 per Bank share, resulting in the ownership of 59.8% of the outstanding shares. On August 28, 2012, Cordia purchased an additional $3.0 million of BVA common stock at a price of $3.60 per share.
On March 29, 2013, the Company completed a share exchange with the Bank resulting in the Bank becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Share Exchange between the Company and the Bank, each outstanding share of the Bank’s common stock owned by persons other than the Company were exchanged for 0.664 of a share of the Company’s common stock. Shares of the Company’s stock are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “BVA”. The Company has owned 100.0% of the Bank’s shares since the completion of the exchange.
On April 10, 2014, Cordia completed the sale of approximately 363 shares of Mandatorily Convertible, Noncumulative, Nonvoting, Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.01 par value per share, to accredited investors at a purchase price of $42,500 per share for total gross proceeds of $15.4 million. The capital raise included investments by 100% of Cordia’s directors. The net proceeds of the offering are being used primarily to support the second phase of its organic growth strategy in BVA.
On June 25, 2014, upon stockholder approval, each share of Series A Preferred Stock mandatorily converted into 10,000 shares of Cordia’s common stock at a conversion price of $4.25 per share, for a total issuance of approximately 3,629,871 new shares of common stock, of which 2,229,434 are voting and 1,400,437 are nonvoting. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock did not receive any dividends under the provisions of the stock purchase agreements.
Cordia’s principal business is the ownership of BVA. Because Cordia does not have any business activities separate from the operations of BVA, the information in this document regarding the business of Cordia reflects the activities of Cordia and BVA on a consolidated basis. References to “we” and “our” in this document refer to Cordia and BVA, collectively.
The Bank was organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia to engage in a general banking business serving the communities in and around the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area. The Bank commenced regular operations on January 12, 2004, and is a member of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta. The Bank is subject to the regulations of the Federal Reserve System and the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. Consequently, it undergoes periodic examinations by these regulatory authorities.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company and the Bank. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Prior to the completion of the share exchange in March 2013, the non-controlling interest reflected the ownership interest of the minority shareholders of the Bank. Items of income and other comprehensive income applicable to Bank operations were allocated to the non-controlling interest account based on the ownership percentage of the minority shareholders. Subsequent to the exchange, the non-controlling interest is no longer reflected in the consolidated financial statements of the Company, as the Bank is a wholly-owned subsidiary.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to general practices within the banking industry. The more significant of these policies are summarized below.
(a) Use of Estimates
In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the valuation of other real estate owned, intangible assets, acquired loans with specific credit-related deterioration and fair value measurements.
(b) Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are purchased and sold for one day periods.
(c) Securities
Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as “held to maturity” and recorded at amortized cost. Securities not classified as held to maturity, including equity securities with readily determinable fair values, are classified as “available for sale” and recorded at estimated fair value. Other securities, such as Federal Reserve Bank stock and Federal Home Loan Bank stock, are carried at cost and are listed on the balance sheet as restricted securities.
In estimating other than temporary impairment losses management considers, (1) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, and (3) our ability to retain our investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in net income if either (1) the Company intends to sell the security or (2) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more-than-likely that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, management must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is no credit loss, there is no other-than-temporary impairment. If there is a credit loss, other-than-temporary impairment exists, and the credit loss must be recognized in net income and the remaining portion of impairment must be recognized in other comprehensive income.
For equity securities carried at cost as restricted securities, impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary based on our ability and intent to hold the investment until a recovery of value. Other-than-temporary impairment of an equity security results in a write-down that must be included in income. The Company regularly reviews each security for other-than-temporary impairment based on criteria that include the extent to which costs exceed market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer, management’s best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected on these debt securities, the Company’s intention with regard to holding the security to maturity and the likelihood that the Company would be required to sell the security before recovery. The Company adjusts amortization or accretion on each bond on a level yield basis monthly.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(d) Loans Held For Sale
Secondary market mortgage loans are designated as held for sale at the time of their origination. These loans are pre-sold with servicing released and the Company does not retain any interest after the loans are sold. These loans consist primarily of fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans which meet the underwriting characteristics of certain government–sponsored enterprises (conforming loans). In addition, the Company requires a firm purchase commitment from a permanent investor before a loan can be committed, thus limiting interest rate risk. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Gains on sales of loans are recognized at the loan closing date and are included in noninterest income. The company did not have any loans classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2014 or 2013.
(e) Loans
The Company grants commercial and consumer loans to customers. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by commercial loans throughout the greater Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area. The ability of the Bank’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon numerous factors including the collateral performance, general economic conditions, as well as the underlying strength of borrowers and guarantors.
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are generally reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for the allowance for loan losses and net deferred fees and costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct costs are deferred and the net amount is amortized as an adjustment of the related loan’s yield. The Bank is amortizing these amounts on an effective interest method over the loan’s contractual life or to the pay-off date if the balance is repaid prior to maturity. Loans are recorded based on purpose, collateral and repayment period. Interest is calculated on a 365/360 for commercial loans and 365/365 for consumer loans. Interest is accrued on a daily basis.
The Company was licensed by the U.S. Department of Education as a rehabilitated student lender effective November 2012. In the first quarter of 2013, the Company began purchasing rehabilitated student loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education. The guarantee covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. The unguaranteed principal balance of these loans was approximately $1.3 million at December 31, 2014 and $1.1 million at December 31, 2013. The company ceased purchasing rehabilitated, federally guaranteed student loans in April 2014.
The past due status of a loan is based on the contractual due date of the most delinquent payment due. Each loan will be placed in one of the following categories: current, 1-29 days past due, 30-59 days past due, 60-89 days past due and 90 days and over past due. Generally, the accrual of interest on a loan is discontinued at the time the loan becomes 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured or in process of collection or refinancing. Due to the guaranty by the U.S. Department of Education, Guaranteed Student Loans continue to accrue interest up until payment is received from the guarantor.
When a loan is placed on nonaccrual or charged off, all interest accrued but not collected is reversed against interest income. The interest on loans in nonaccrual status is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition, management may grant a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance, re-amortization, and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted below for impaired loans. There were four loans with an aggregate principal balance of $1.3 million classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2014, while there were five loans with an aggregate principal balance of $2.0 million classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2013.
Acquired loans with specific credit deterioration are accounted for by Cordia in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 310-30. Certain acquired loans, those for which specific credit-related deterioration, since origination, is identified, are recorded at fair value reflecting the present value of the amounts expected to be collected. Income recognition on these loans is based on a reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected. Acquired loans deemed impaired and considered collateral dependent, with the timing of the sale of loan collateral indeterminate, remain on non-accrual status and have no accretable yield.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the “nonaccretable difference,” and is not recorded. Any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses, while subsequent increases in cash flows may result in a reversal of post-acquisition provision for loan losses, or a transfer from nonaccretable difference to accretable yield.
(f) Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) is increased by charges to income and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. The ALLL is established and maintained at a level management deems adequate to cover probable losses inherent in the portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is based on management’s evaluation of the risks in the loan portfolio and changes in the nature and volume of loan activity. There are risks inherent in all loans, so an ALLL is maintained for loans to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The ALLL is established and maintained as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings, which increases the balance of the ALLL. Loan losses for all segments are charged against the ALLL when management believes the uncollectability of a loan is confirmed, which decreases the balance of the ALLL. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited back to the ALLL.
The amount of the ALLL is established through the application of a standardized model, the components of which are: an impairment analysis of specific loans to determine the level of any specific reserves needed and an estimate of the general reserves needed which consists of a weighted average of historical loss experience and adjustments for economic and environmental factors.
The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
In order for the ALLL methodology to be considered valid and for Management to make the determination if any deficiencies exist in the process, the Bank at a minimum requires:
| - | A review of trends in loan volume, delinquencies, restructurings and concentrations; | |
| - | Tests of source documents and underlying assumptions to determine that the established methodology develops reasonable loss estimates; and | |
| - | An evaluation of the appraisal process of the underlying collateral which may be accomplished by periodically comparing the appraised value to the actual sales price on selected properties sold. | |
| - | Accurate loan risk ratings |
Note 4 includes an additional discussion of how the ALLL is quantified. The use of various estimates and judgments in the Bank’s ongoing evaluation of the required level of ALLL can significantly affect the Bank’s results of operations and financial condition and may result in either greater provisions against earnings to increase the ALLL or reduced provisions based upon management’s current view of portfolio and economic conditions and the application of revised estimates and assumptions.
The specific component of the ALLL relates to loans that are classified as either doubtful, substandard or TDR. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, a loan level allowance is established. The evaluation of the need for a specific reserve involves the identification of impaired loans and an analysis of those loans’ repayment capacity from both primary (cash flow) and secondary (real estate and non-real estate collateral or guarantors) sources and making specific reserve allocations to impaired loans that exhibit inherent weaknesses and various other elevated credit risk factors. All available collateral is analyzed and valued, with discounts applied according to the age of any real estate appraisals or the liquidity of other asset classes. The analysis is compared to the aggregate Bank loan exposure, giving consideration to the Bank’s lien preference and other actual and contingent obligations of the borrower. Any loan guarantors are rated and their value weighted based on an analysis of the guarantor’s net worth, including liabilities, liquid assets, and annual cash flows and total contingent liabilities.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. We do not consider a loan impaired during a period of insignificant delay in payment if we expect the ultimate collection of all amounts due. Impairment is measured as the difference between the recorded investment in the loan and the evaluation of the present value of expected future cash flows or the observable market price of the loan or collateral value of the impaired loan when that cash flow or collateral value is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Loans that are collateral dependent, that is, loans where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral, and for which management has determined foreclosure is probable, are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral as described above.
The general component covers pass rated loans and special mention loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.
The model estimates probable loan losses by analyzing historical loss experience and other trends within the portfolio, including trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, the opinions of regulators, changes in the growth rate, size and composition of the loan portfolio, particularly the level of Special Mention rated loans, the level of past due loans, the level of home equity loans and commercial real estate loans in aggregate and as a percentage of capital, and industry information.
A component of the general reserve for unimpaired loans is established based on a weighted average historical loss factor for the prior twelve quarters (with more weight given to the more recent quarters) and the level of unimpaired loans. Management applies a 45% weighting to the most recent four quarters, a 35% weighting to the next four quarters and a 20% weighting to the most distant four of the prior twelve quarters when calculating this component of the general reserve.
Also included in management’s estimates for loan losses are considerations with respect to the impact of local and national economic trends, the outcomes of which are uncertain. These events may include, but are not limited to, a general slowdown in the national or local economy, national and local unemployment rates, local real estate values, fluctuations in overall lending rates, political conditions, legislation that may directly or indirectly affect the banking industry and economic conditions affecting the specific geographic area in which the Bank conducts business.
(g) Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives. Estimated useful lives range from 10 to 30 years for buildings and 3 to 10 years for autos, furniture, fixtures and equipment. The value of land is carried at cost.
(h) Other Real Estate Owned
Assets acquired through loan foreclosure are held for sale. They are initially recorded at fair market value at the date of foreclosure, less estimated selling costs thus establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations of the assets are periodically performed by management. Adjustments are made to the lower of the carrying amount or fair market value of the assets less selling costs. Revenue and expenses from operations and sales are included in other real estate expenses, net in the statement of operations. The Bank’s investment in foreclosed assets totaled $1.6 million and $1.5 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(i) Goodwill and Other Intangibles
FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations, requires that the acquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations. With acquisitions, the Company is required to record assets acquired, including any intangible assets, and liabilities assumed at fair value, which involves relying on estimates based on third party valuations, such as appraisals, or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation methods. The Company records goodwill per ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Others. Accordingly, goodwill is no longer subject to amortization over its estimated useful life, but is subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value-based test. Additionally, under ASC 350, acquired intangible assets (such as core deposit intangibles) are separately recognized if the benefit of the assets can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, and amortized over their useful lives. Goodwill was determined to be impaired in December 2011 at the annual impairment evaluation and was written off in its entirely at that time. Core deposit intangibles of $104 thousand and $139 thousand are included in other assets at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(j) Income Taxes
Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, operating loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences.
Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, the recognition of the asset is less than probable. A valuation allowance has been recorded against the Company’s entire net deferred tax asset.
When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the positions taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is recognized as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had recorded no such liability.
Banks operating in Virginia are not subject to Virginia State Income Tax, but are subjected to Virginia Bank Franchise Taxes.
(k) Marketing Costs
The Company follows the policy of charging the production costs of marketing/advertising to expense as incurred unless the advertising campaign extends for a significant time period, in which case, such costs will be amortized to expense over the duration of the advertising campaign.
(l) Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income (loss). Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income (loss), are components of comprehensive income (loss).
(m) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.
Options to purchase 145 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock were not included in the computation of earnings per share in 2014 because the effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the loss. Options to purchase 116 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock were not included in the computation of earnings per share in 2013 because the share awards exercise prices exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common stock for the period and, therefore, the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, 578,125 shares of unvested common stock were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share as they are performance based and deemed unlikely to vest. All other vested and nonvested restricted common shares, which carry all rights and privilege of a stockholder with respect to the stock, including the right to vote, were included in both the basic and diluted earnings per common share calculations.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The calculation for basic and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, are as follows:
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Company | $ | (412 | ) | $ | 696 | |||
| Weighted average basic shares outstanding | 4,675,468 | 2,602,357 | ||||||
| Basic income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 0.27 | |||
| Weighted average dilutive shares outstanding | 4,675,468 | 2,615,387 | ||||||
| Diluted income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 0.27 | |||
(n) Stock Option Plan
Authoritative accounting guidance requires the costs resulting from all share-based payments to employees be recognized in the financial statements. For stock option grants, stock-based compensation is estimated at the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes option valuation model for determining fair value. Restricted stock grants are expensed based on the grant date fair value of the Company’s common stock. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $270 thousand and $99 thousand in 2014 and 2013, respectively.
(o) Fair Value Measurements
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions as more fully disclosed in Note 14. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.
(p) Transfer of Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when 1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership; 2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and 3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity of the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specified assets.
(q) Reclassification
In certain circumstances, reclassifications have been made to prior period information to conform to the 2014 presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported stockholders’ equity or net income or loss.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-01, “Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force).” The amendments in this ASU permit reporting entities to make an accounting policy election to account for their investments in qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). The amendments in this ASU should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. A reporting entity that uses the effective yield method to account for its investments in qualified affordable housing projects before the date of adoption may continue to apply the effective yield method for those preexisting investments. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-04, “Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40): Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force).” The amendments in this ASU clarify that an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, upon either (1) the creditor obtaining legal title to the residential real estate property upon completion of a foreclosure or (2) the borrower conveying all interest in the residential real estate property to the creditor to satisfy that loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Additionally, the amendments require interim and annual disclosure of both (1) the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the creditor and (2) the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity.” The amendments in this ASU change the criteria for reporting discontinued operations while enhancing disclosures in this area. Under the new guidance, only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations should be presented as discontinued operations. Those strategic shifts should have a major effect on the organization’s operations and financial results and include disposals of a major geographic area, a major line of business, or a major equity method investment. The new guidance requires expanded disclosures about discontinued operations that will provide financial statement users with more information about the assets, liabilities, income, and expenses of discontinued operations. Additionally, the new guidance requires disclosure of the pre-tax income attributable to a disposal of a significant part of an organization that does not qualify for discontinued operations reporting. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-08 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606.” This ASU applies to any entity using U.S. GAAP that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The guidance supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition, most industry-specific guidance, and some cost guidance included in Subtopic 605-35, “Revenue Recognition—Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts.” The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To be in alignment with the core principle, an entity must apply a five step process including: identification of the contract(s) with a customer, identification of performance obligations in the contract(s), determination of the transaction price, allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognition of revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Additionally, the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of nonfinancial assets that are not in a contract with a customer have also been amended to be consistent with the guidance on recognition and measurement. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-11, “Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Repurchase-to-Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures.” This ASU aligns the accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and repurchase agreements executed as a repurchase financing with the accounting for other typical repurchase agreements. The new guidance eliminates sale accounting for repurchase-to-maturity transactions and supersedes the guidance under which a transfer of a financial asset and a contemporaneous repurchase financing could be accounted for on a combined basis as a forward agreement. The amendments in the ASU also require a new disclosure for transactions economically similar to repurchase agreements in which the transferor retains substantially all of the exposure to the economic return on the transferred financial assets throughout the term of the transaction. Additional disclosures will be required for the nature of collateral pledged in repurchase agreements and similar transactions accounted for as secured borrowings. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2014; however, the disclosure for transactions accounted for as secured borrowings is required to be presented for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014, and interim periods beginning after March 15, 2015. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-11 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period.” The new guidance applies to reporting entities that grant employees share-based payments in which the terms of the award allow a performance target to be achieved after the requisite service period. The amendments in the ASU require that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. Existing guidance in “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” should be applied to account for these types of awards. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted and reporting entities may choose to apply the amendments in the ASU either on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-12 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-14, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40): Classification of Certain Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure.” The amendments in this ASU apply to creditors that hold government-guaranteed mortgage loans and are intended to eliminate the diversity in practice related to the classification of these guaranteed loans upon foreclosure. The new guidance stipulates that a mortgage loan be derecognized and a separate other receivable be recognized upon foreclosure if (1) the loan has a government guarantee that is not separable from the loan prior to foreclosure, (2) at the time of foreclosure, the creditor has the intent to convey the real estate property to the guarantor and make a claim on the guarantee, and the creditor has the ability to recover under that claim, and (3) at the time of foreclosure, any amount of the claim that is determined on the basis of the fair value of the real estate is fixed. Upon foreclosure, the other receivable should be measured on the amount of the loan balance (principal and interest) expected to be recovered from the guarantor. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Entities may adopt the amendments on a prospective basis or modified retrospective basis as of the beginning of the annual period of adoption; however, the entity must apply the same method of transition as elected under ASU 2014-04. Early adoption is permitted provided the entity has already adopted ASU 2014-04. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” This update is intended to provide guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Management is required under the new guidance to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued when preparing financial statements for each interim and annual reporting period. If conditions or events are identified, the ASU specifies the process that must be followed by management and also clarifies the timing and content of going concern footnote disclosures in order to reduce diversity in practice. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-15 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The amendments in ASU do not change the current criteria in U.S. GAAP for determining when separation of certain embedded derivative features in a hybrid financial instrument is required. The amendments clarify how current U.S. GAAP should be interpreted in evaluating the economic characteristics and risks of a host contract in a hybrid financial instrument that is issued in the form of a share. Specifically, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider all relevant terms and features, including the embedded derivative feature being evaluated for bifurcation, in evaluating the nature of the host contract. Furthermore, the amendments clarify that no single term or feature would necessarily determine the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract. Rather, the nature of the host contract depends upon the economic characteristics and risks of the entire hybrid financial instrument. The amendments in this ASU also clarify that, in evaluating the nature of a host contract, an entity should assess the substance of the relevant terms and features (i.e., the relative strength of the debt-like or equity-like terms and features given the facts and circumstances) when considering how to weight those terms and features. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-16 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-17, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Pushdown Accounting.” The amendments in ASU provide an acquired entity with an option to apply pushdown accounting in its separate financial statements upon occurrence of an event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity. An acquired entity may elect the option to apply pushdown accounting in the reporting period in which the change-in-control event occurs. An acquired entity should determine whether to elect to apply pushdown accounting for each individual change-in-control event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity. If pushdown accounting is not applied in the reporting period in which the change-in-control event occurs, an acquired entity will have the option to elect to apply pushdown accounting in a subsequent reporting period to the acquired entity’s most recent change-in-control event. An election to apply pushdown accounting in a reporting period after the reporting period in which the change-in-control event occurred should be considered a change in accounting principle in accordance with Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. If pushdown accounting is applied to an individual change-in-control event, that election is irrevocable. The amendments in this ASU are effective on November 18, 2014. After the effective date, an acquired entity can make an election to apply the guidance to future change-in-control events or to its most recent change-in-control event. However, if the financial statements for the period in which the most recent change-in-control event occurred already have been issued or made available to be issued, the application of this guidance would be a change in accounting principle. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-17 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-01, “Income Statement—Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20): Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items.” The amendments in this ASU eliminate from U.S. GAAP the concept of extraordinary items. Subtopic 225-20, Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items, required that an entity separately classify, present, and disclose extraordinary events and transactions. Presently, an event or transaction is presumed to be an ordinary and usual activity of the reporting entity unless evidence clearly supports its classification as an extraordinary item. If an event or transaction meets the criteria for extraordinary classification, an entity is required to segregate the extraordinary item from the results of ordinary operations and show the item separately in the income statement, net of tax, after income from continuing operations. The entity also is required to disclose applicable income taxes and either present or disclose earnings-per-share data applicable to the extraordinary item. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2015-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 2. Business Combination
On December 10, 2010, the Company purchased 1,355,263 newly issued shares of the common stock of the Bank of Virginia (“BVA”), which gave it a 59.8% ownership interest. In accordance with ASC 805-10, this transaction was considered a business combination. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets and liabilities of the Bank were marked to fair value and goodwill was recorded for the excess of consideration paid over net fair value received. Based on the consideration paid and the fair value of the assets received and the liabilities assumed, goodwill of $5.9 million was recorded. Goodwill was determined to be impaired in its entirety during the fourth quarter of 2011. In addition to goodwill, other assets and liabilities of the Bank of Virginia were marked to their respective fair value as of December 10, 2010.
Estimated fair values differed substantially in some cases from the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities reflected in the financial statements of BVA which, in most cases were valued at historical cost. Subsequent to that date, the fair value adjustments were amortized over the expected life of the related asset or liability or otherwise adjusted as required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Interest income is impacted by the accretion of the fair value discount on the loan portfolio as well as the accretion of the accretable discount on loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. Interest income is also impacted by the accretion on the investment securities that is the result of the reset of the amortized book value amount to the fair value as of the day of the acquisition. Interest expense is impacted by the amortization of the premiums on time deposits and the FHLB advances. Net interest income is impacted by the combination of all of these items.
Non-interest expense is impacted by a rent adjustment related to certain lease commitments being above market as of the day of the investment; and amortization of the core deposit intangible.
On March 29, 2013, the minority shareholders of BVA exchanged their common shares in the Bank for common shares of Cordia. For each share of BVA exchanged, 0.664 shares of Cordia were received. In connection with the exchange, BVA became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cordia.
In addition, the increased ownership percentage of BVA by Cordia has impacted the accounting of both entities. All of Cordia’s acquisition accounting adjustments are now recorded in the BVA financial statements and the Cordia financial statements no longer reflect adjustments for non-controlling interests.
The accretion (amortization) of the acquisition accounting adjustments had the following impact on the financial statements:
| Income (Expense) | ||||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Loans | $ | 225 | $ | 689 | ||||
| Premises and equipment | 8 | 8 | ||||||
| Core deposit intangible | (36 | ) | (36 | ) | ||||
| FHLB advances | - | - | ||||||
| Time deposits | - | 169 | ||||||
| Building lease obligations | 94 | 94 | ||||||
| Net impact to net income | $ | 291 | $ | 924 | ||||
Note 3. Securities
Our investment portfolio consists of U.S. agency debt and agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities. Our investment security portfolio includes securities classified as available for sale as well as securities classified as held to maturity. We classify securities as available for sale or held to maturity based on our investment strategy and management’s assessment of our intent and ability to hold the securities until maturity. The total securities portfolio (excluding restricted securities) was $74.2 million at December 31, 2014 as compared to $39.3 million at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014, the securities portfolio consisted of $53.5 million of securities available for sale and $20.7 million of securities held to maturity.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities available for sale at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
| Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||
| 2014 (dollars in thousands) | Amortized
Cost | Gains | Losses | Estimated
Fair Value | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agencies | $ | 3,735 | $ | 1 | $ | (17 | ) | $ | 3,719 | |||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 49,930 | 21 | (187 | ) | 49,764 | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | 53,665 | $ | 22 | $ | (204 | ) | $ | 53,483 | |||||||
| Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||
| 2013 (dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Gains | Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agencies | $ | 7,038 | $ | 56 | $ | (53 | ) | $ | 7,041 | |||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 17,578 | 10 | (62 | ) | 17,526 | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | 24,616 | $ | 66 | $ | (115 | ) | $ | 24,567 | |||||||
The table below presents the carry value, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities held to maturity at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
| Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||
| 2014 (dollars in thousands) | Carry Value | Gains | Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | $ | 20,716 | $ | 333 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 21,047 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 20,716 | $ | 333 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 21,047 | |||||||
| Gross Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||
| 2013 (dollars in thousands) | Carry Value | Gains | Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | $ | 14,753 | $ | - | $ | (156 | ) | $ | 14,597 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 14,753 | $ | - | $ | (156 | ) | $ | 14,597 | |||||||
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale as of December 31, 2014, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties. They are as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Estimated
Fair Value | ||||||
| Over one year within five years | $ | 1,029 | $ | 1,030 | ||||
| Over five years within ten years | 333 | 335 | ||||||
| Over ten years | 52,303 | 52,118 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 53,665 | $ | 53,483 | ||||
The carry value and fair value of securities held to maturity as of December 31, 2014, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties. They are as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Carry Value | Estimated
Fair Value | ||||||
| Over five years within ten years | $ | 3,696 | $ | 3,815 | ||||
| Over ten years | 17,020 | 17,232 | ||||||
| Total | $ | 20,716 | $ | 21,047 | ||||
As of December 31, 2014, the portfolio is concentrated in average maturities of over ten years, although a substantial majority of recently purchased securities have effective duration much shorter than ten years. The portfolio is available to support liquidity needs of the Company. During 2014, the Company sold $23.4 million of available for sale securities and recognized gains of $181 thousand and losses of $4 thousand in noninterest income. During 2013, sales of available securities were $3.3 million with no material gains or losses recognized.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Unrealized losses on investments at December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
| Unrealized Losses on Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or Longer | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 (dollars in thousands) | Estimated
Fair Value | Unrealized
Losses | Estimated
Fair Value | Unrealized
Losses | Estimated
Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agencies | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,689 | $ | (17 | ) | $ | 2,689 | $ | (17 | ) | ||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 43,406 | (161 | ) | 1,904 | (28 | ) | 45,310 | (189 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 43,406 | $ | (161 | ) | $ | 4,593 | $ | (45 | ) | $ | 47,999 | $ | (206 | ) | |||||||||
| 2013 (dollars in thousands) | Estimated
Fair Value | Unrealized
Losses | Estimated
Fair Value | Unrealized
Losses | Estimated
Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Government agencies | $ | 3,697 | $ | (53 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 3,697 | $ | (53 | ) | ||||||||||
| Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities | 17,336 | (178 | ) | 2,914 | (40 | ) | 20,250 | (218 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 21,033 | $ | (231 | ) | $ | 2,914 | $ | (40 | ) | $ | 23,947 | $ | (271 | ) | |||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2014, there were two U.S. Government agency securities and 35 agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses totaling $206 thousand. For the year ended December 31, 2013, there were three U.S. Government agency securities and 19 agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses totaling $271 thousand. All of the unrealized losses are attributable to increases in interest rates and not to credit deterioration. Currently, the Company does not believe that it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the investments. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not to credit quality and because it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2014.
Four and two investment securities with combined market values of $7.8 million and $2.1 million were pledged to secure public funds with the State of Virginia at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. At December 31, 2013, the bank had $2.9 million in four investment securities pledged to cover a relationship with our main correspondent bank. As of December 31, 2014, this correspondent bank relationship had been changed to an unsecured facility. We had $9.6 million in six securities pledged to secure FHLB advances at December 31, 2014. There were no securities pledged to the FHLB at December 31, 2013.
| Note 4. | Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality |
The Bank categorizes its loan receivables into four main categories which are commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, guaranteed student loans, and consumer loans. Each category of loan has a different level of credit risk. Real estate loans are generally safer than loans secured by other assets because the value of the underlying collateral is generally ascertainable and does not fluctuate as much as other assets. Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally the least risky type of commercial real estate loan. Non owner occupied commercial real estate loans and construction and development loans contain more risk. Commercial loans, which can be secured by real estate or other assets, or which can be unsecured, are generally more risky than commercial real estate loans. Guaranteed student loans are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education for approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Consumer loans may be secured by residential real estate, automobiles or other assets or may be unsecured. Those secured by residential real estate are the least risky and those that are unsecured are the most risky type of consumer loans. Any type of loan which is unsecured is generally more risky than a secured loan due to the higher risk of loss in the event of a default. These levels of risk are general in nature, and many factors including the creditworthiness of the borrower or the particular nature of the secured asset may cause any type of loan to be more or less risky than another. In the commercial real estate category of the loan portfolio the segments are acquisition-development-construction, non-owner occupied and owner occupied. In the consumer category of the loan portfolio the segments are residential real estate, home equity lines of credit and other. Management has not further divided its eight segments into classes. This provides management and the Board with sufficient information to evaluate the risks within the Bank’s portfolio.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Below is a table that exhibits the loans by segment at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 2,159 | $ | 3,475 | ||||
| Non-owner occupied | 51,512 | 28,606 | ||||||
| Owner occupied | 49,582 | 50,500 | ||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 24,153 | 21,085 | ||||||
| Guaranteed student loans | 64,870 | 55,427 | ||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||
| Residential mortgage | 8,377 | 7,156 | ||||||
| HELOC | 11,074 | 7,250 | ||||||
| Other | 1,232 | 508 | ||||||
| Total loans | 212,959 | 174,007 | ||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (1,089 | ) | (1,489 | ) | ||||
| Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses | $ | 211,870 | $ | 172,518 | ||||
Included in the loan balances above are net deferred loan costs of $1.2 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Also included in the loan balances above are premiums related to guaranteed student loans of $0.9 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Acquired in the acquisition of Bank of Virginia, and included in the table above, are purchased performing loans and loans acquired with evidence of deterioration in credit quality. The purchased performing loans are $9.0 million and $19.2 million, at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. As these loans are re-underwritten, they are removed from the “purchased” classification. The loans acquired with evidence of deterioration in credit quality are accounted for under the guidance ASC 310-30. Information related to these loans is as follows:
| At December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Contract principal balance | $ | 7,178 | $ | 8,689 | ||||
| Accretable yield | (42 | ) | (62 | ) | ||||
| Nonaccretable difference | (5 | ) | (61 | ) | ||||
| Carrying value of loans | $ | 7,131 | $ | 8,566 | ||||
A discount is applied to these loans such that the carrying amount approximates the cash flows expected to be received from the borrower or from the liquidation of collateral. Due to the high level of uncertainty regarding the timing and amount of these cash flows in December 2010, Management initially considered the entire discount to be nonaccretable. However, due to improvement in the status of some credits, the majority of the nonaccretable difference was subsequently transferred to accretable yield and is being amortized as a yield adjustment over the lives of the individual loans. Cash flows received on loans with a nonaccretable difference are applied on a cost recovery method, whereby payments are applied first to the loan balance. When the loan balance is fully recovered, payments are then being applied to income. Any future reductions in carrying value as a result of deteriorating credit quality require an allowance for loan losses related to these loans.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
A summary of changes to the accretable yield and nonaccretable difference during 2014 and 2013 are as follows:
| (dollars in thousands) | Accretable
Yield | Nonaccretable
Difference | ||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 476 | $ | 165 | ||||
| Transfers | 104 | (104 | ) | |||||
| Accretion | (518 | ) | - | |||||
| Balance at December 31, 2013 | 62 | 61 | ||||||
| Charge-offs related to loss covered by ASC 310-30 | - | (56 | ) | |||||
| Transfers | - | - | ||||||
| Accretion | (20 | ) | - | |||||
| Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 42 | $ | 5 | ||||
Credit Quality Indicators
Credit risk ratings reflect the current risk of default and/or loss for a given asset. The risk of loss is driven by factors intrinsic to the borrower and the unique structural characteristics of the loan. The credit risk rating begins with an analysis of the borrower’s credit history, ability to repay the debt as agreed, use of proceeds, and the value and stability of the value of the collateral securing the loan. The attributes ordinarily considered when reviewing a borrower are as follows:
| · | industry/industry segment; | · | financial flexibility/debt capacity; | |
| · | position within industry; | · | management and controls; and | |
| · | earnings, liquidity and operating cash flow trends; | · | quality of financial reporting. | |
| · | asset and liability values; |
The unique structural characteristics ordinarily considered when reviewing a loan are as follows:
| · | credit terms/loan documentation; |
| · | guaranty/third party support; |
| · | collateral; and |
| · | loan maturity. |
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
On a quarterly basis, the process of estimating the allowance for loan loss begins with management’s review of the risk rating assigned to individual credits. Through this process, loans adversely risk rated are evaluated for impairment based on ASC 310-40. The following is a summary of the risk rating definitions the Company uses to assign a risk grade to each loan within the portfolio:
| Grade 1 - Highest Quality | Loans to persons and businesses with unquestionable financial strength and character that carry extremely low probabilities of default. Balance sheets and cash flow are extremely strong relative to the magnitude of debt. This rating would be analogous to the highest investment grade ratings. | |
| Grade 2 - Above Average Quality | Loans to persons and business entities with unquestioned character that carry low probabilities of default. Borrowers have strong, stable earnings and financial condition. | |
| Grade 3 - Satisfactory | Loans to persons and businesses with acceptable financial condition that carry average probabilities of default. Borrower’s exhibit adequate cash flow to service debt and have acceptable levels of leverage. | |
| Grade 4 - Pass | Loans to persons and businesses with a lack of stability in the primary source of repayment or temporary weakness in their balance sheet or earnings. These loans carry above average probabilities of default. These borrowers generally have higher leverage and less liquidity than loans rated 3-Satisfactory. | |
| Grade 5- Special Mention | Loans to borrowers that exhibit potential credit weakness or a downward trend that warrant additional supervision. While potentially weak, the loan is currently marginally acceptable and no loss of principal or interest is envisioned. | |
| Grade 6 – Substandard | Borrowers with one or more well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy, although no loss of principal is envisioned. Possibility of loss or protracted workout exists if immediate corrective action is not taken. | |
| Grade 7 – Doubtful | Loans with all the weaknesses inherent in a Substandard classification, with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full highly questionable and improbable, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values. Serious problems exist to the point where a partial loss of principal is likely. | |
| Grade 8 – Loss | Borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of the entire principal. A charge off is required for the portion of principal management has deemed it will not be repaid. |
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following is the distribution of loans by credit quality and segment as of December 31, 2014 and 2013:
| December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit quality class | Acq-Dev Construction | Non-owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Commercial and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential Mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Highest quality | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Above average quality | - | 2,225 | 2,788 | 2,498 | 64,870 | 24 | 1,394 | 719 | 74,518 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Satisfactory | 458 | 30,473 | 26,608 | 14,883 | - | 3,325 | 6,140 | 425 | 82,312 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Pass | 476 | 17,236 | 16,986 | 5,593 | - | 4,768 | 2,589 | 88 | 47,736 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Special mention | - | 123 | - | 68 | - | 75 | 319 | - | 585 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Substandard | 267 | - | - | 142 | - | - | 268 | - | 677 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Doubtful | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,201 | 50,057 | 46,382 | 23,184 | 64,870 | 8,192 | 10,710 | 1,232 | 205,828 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 958 | 1,455 | 3,200 | 969 | - | 185 | 364 | - | 7,131 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 2,159 | $ | 51,512 | $ | 49,582 | $ | 24,153 | $ | 64,870 | $ | 8,377 | $ | 11,074 | $ | 1,232 | $ | 212,959 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit quality class | Acq-Dev Construction | Non-owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Commercial
and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential Mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Highest quality | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Above average quality | - | 2,078 | 2,966 | 2,170 | 55,427 | 73 | 205 | 80 | 62,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Satisfactory | 325 | 10,563 | 25,264 | 8,290 | - | 3,965 | 3,541 | 350 | 52,298 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Pass | 1,500 | 12,990 | 14,606 | 8,128 | - | 2,710 | 2,243 | 78 | 42,255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Special mention | 299 | 1,449 | 3,486 | 268 | - | 203 | 630 | - | 6,335 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 Substandard | 267 | - | 336 | 759 | - | 15 | 177 | - | 1,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Doubtful | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2,391 | 27,080 | 46,658 | 19,615 | 55,427 | 6,966 | 6,796 | 508 | 165,441 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deterioraed credit quality | 1,084 | 1,526 | 3,842 | 1,470 | - | 190 | 454 | - | 8,566 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 3,475 | $ | 28,606 | $ | 50,500 | $ | 21,085 | $ | 55,427 | $ | 7,156 | $ | 7,250 | $ | 508 | $ | 174,007 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
A summary of the balances of loans outstanding by days past due, including accruing and non-accruing loans by portfolio class as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
| December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Acq-Dev Construction | Non-owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Commercial and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential Mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 - 59 days | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 4,029 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 4,029 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 60 - 89 days | - | - | 885 | - | 1,989 | - | 75 | - | 2,949 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 90 days | 548 | - | 314 | 121 | 11,378 | 44 | - | - | 12,405 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total past due | 548 | - | 1,199 | 121 | 17,396 | 44 | 75 | - | 19,383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 1,611 | 51,512 | 48,383 | 24,032 | 47,474 | 8,333 | 10,999 | 1,232 | 193,576 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 2,159 | $ | 51,512 | $ | 49,582 | $ | 24,153 | $ | 64,870 | $ | 8,377 | $ | 11,074 | $ | 1,232 | $ | 212,959 | ||||||||||||||||||
| > 90 days still accruing | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 11,378 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 11,378 | ||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Acq-Dev Construction | Non-owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Commercial and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential Mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 - 59 days | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 5,044 | $ | 54 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 5,098 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 60 - 89 days | - | - | - | - | 2,268 | 15 | - | - | 2,283 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > 90 days | 633 | - | 2,051 | 632 | 18,387 | 44 | 21,747 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total past due | 633 | - | 2,051 | 632 | 25,699 | 113 | - | - | 29,128 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current | 2,842 | 28,606 | 48,449 | 20,453 | 29,728 | 7,043 | 7,250 | 508 | 144,879 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 3,475 | $ | 28,606 | $ | 50,500 | $ | 21,085 | $ | 55,427 | $ | 7,156 | $ | 7,250 | $ | 508 | $ | 174,007 | ||||||||||||||||||
| > 90 days still accruing | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 18,387 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 18,387 | ||||||||||||||||||
A summary of non-accrual loans by portfolio class as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 548 | $ | 633 | ||||
| Non-owner occupied | - | - | ||||||
| Owner occupied | 1,198 | 2,051 | ||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 121 | 858 | ||||||
| Guaranteed Student Loans | - | - | ||||||
| Consumer: | - | - | ||||||
| Residential mortgage | 44 | 59 | ||||||
| HELOC | 310 | 333 | ||||||
| Other | - | - | ||||||
| Total loans | $ | 2,221 | $ | 3,934 | ||||
| Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings included above | $ | - | $ | 119 | ||||
| Non-accrual purchased credit impaired loans included above | $ | 1,741 | $ | 3,074 | ||||
| 61 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Impaired Loans
All loans that are rated Substandard or worse are assessed as impaired based on the expectation that the full collection of principal and interest is in doubt. All loans that are expected to be downgraded to Substandard, require additional analysis to determine if a specific reserve under ASC 310-40 is required. All loans that are rated Special Mention are presumed not to be impaired. However, Special Mention rated loans are typically evaluated for the following adverse characteristics that may indicate further analysis is warranted before completing an assessment of impairment:
| · | a loan is 60 days or more delinquent on scheduled principal or interest; |
| · | a loan is presently in an unapproved over-advanced position; |
| · | a loan is newly modified; or |
| · | a loan is expected to be modified. |
The following information is a summary of the Company’s policies pertaining to impaired loans:
A loan is deemed impaired when it qualifies for a risk rating of Substandard or worse. Factors impairing repayment might include: inadequate repayment capacity, severe erosion of equity, likely reliance on non-primary source of repayment, guarantors with limited resources, and obvious material deterioration in borrower’s financial condition. The possibility of loss or protracted workout exists if immediate corrective action is not taken.
Once deemed impaired, the loan is then analyzed for the extent of the impairment. Impairment is the difference between the principal balance of the loan and (i) the discounted cash flows of the borrower or (ii) the fair market value of the collateral less the costs involved with liquidation (i.e., real estate commissions, attorney costs, etc.). This difference is then reflected as a component in the allowance for loan loss as a specific reserve.
Certain loans were identified and individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2014 and 2013. A number of these impaired loans were not charged with a valuation allowance due to Management’s judgment that the cash flows from the underlying collateral or equity available from guarantors was sufficient to recover the Company’s entire investment, while one loan experienced collateral deterioration and supplemental specific reserve was added. The results of those analyses are presented in the following tables.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following is a summary of impaired loans, excluding acquired impaired loans, presented by portfolio class as of December 31, 2014:
| (dollars in thousands) | Recorded Investment(1) | Unpaid Principal(2) | Related Allowance | Average Recorded Investment | Interest Recorded | |||||||||||||||
| With no related allowance recorded: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 267 | $ | 267 | $ | - | $ | 269 | $ | 6 | ||||||||||
| Non-owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 32 | 34 | - | 46 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| HELOC | 193 | 193 | - | 197 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| With an allowance recorded: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Non-owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 110 | 540 | 110 | 309 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| HELOC | 75 | 75 | 33 | 75 | - | |||||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 267 | $ | 267 | $ | - | $ | 269 | $ | 6 | ||||||||||
| Non-owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 142 | 574 | 110 | 355 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| HELOC | 268 | 268 | 33 | 272 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 677 | $ | 1,109 | $ | 143 | $ | 896 | $ | 18 | ||||||||||
| 63 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following is a summary of impaired loans, excluding acquired impaired loans, presented by portfolio class as of December 31, 2013:
| (dollars in thousands) | Recorded Investment(1) | Unpaid Principal(2) | Related Allowance | Average Recorded Investment | Interest Recorded | |||||||||||||||
| With no related allowance recorded: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 267 | $ | 267 | $ | - | $ | 267 | $ | 19 | ||||||||||
| Non-owner occupied | 1,352 | 1,352 | - | 1,652 | 83 | |||||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | 259 | 259 | - | 259 | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 759 | 759 | - | 759 | 44 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | 15 | 15 | - | 15 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| HELOC | 177 | 177 | - | 177 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| With an allowance recorded: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Non-owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| HELOC | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial Real Estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, development and construction | $ | 267 | $ | 267 | $ | - | $ | 267 | $ | 19 | ||||||||||
| Non-owner occupied | 1,352 | 1,352 | - | 1,652 | 83 | |||||||||||||||
| Owner occupied | 259 | 259 | - | 259 | - | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 759 | 759 | - | 759 | 44 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage | 15 | 15 | - | 15 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| HELOC | 177 | 177 | - | 177 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,829 | $ | 2,829 | $ | - | $ | 3,129 | $ | 159 | ||||||||||
| (1) | The amount of the investment in a loan, which is not net of a valuation allowance, but which does reflect any direct write-down of the investment. |
| (2) | The contractual amount due, which reflects paydowns applied in accordance with loan documents, but which does not reflect any direct write-downs. |
Loans with deteriorated credit quality acquired as part of the Bank of Virginia acquisition are accounted for under the requirements of ASC 310-30. These loans are not considered impaired and are not included in the table above.
| 64 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Troubled Debt Restructurings
A modification is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if both of the following exist: (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) the Company has granted a concession to the borrower. The Company determines that a borrower may be experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently delinquent on any of its debt, or if the Company is concerned that the borrower may not be able to perform in accordance with the current terms of the loan agreement in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of the borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty, particularly as it relates to commercial borrowers due to the complex nature of the loan structure, business/industry risk and borrower/guarantor structures. Concessions may include the reduction of an interest rate at a rate lower than current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, extension of the maturity date, reduction of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. When evaluating whether a concession has been granted, the Company also considers whether the borrower has provided additional collateral or guarantors and whether such additions adequately compensate the Company for the restructured terms, or if the revised terms are consistent with those currently being offered to new loan customers. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty and whether a concession has been granted is subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is a TDR.
Although each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately, for all portfolio segments, TDRs are typically modified through reduction in interest rates, reductions in payments, changing the payment terms from principal and interest to interest only, and/or extensions in term maturity.
During the year ended December31, 2014, two loans were modified in TDRs and three previous TDRs were paid off. During the year ended December 31, 2013, one loan was modified in a TDR. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, four and five loans, respectively, were classified as TDRs. The principal balance outstanding relating to these was $1.3 million and $2.0 million at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Of these amounts, $1.3 million and $1.9 million were accruing, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, no defaults occurred on loans modified as TDR’s in the preceding twelve months.
The number and outstanding recorded investment of loans entered into under the terms of a TDR during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, including modifications of acquired impaired loans, by type of concession granted, are set forth in the following tables:
| 2014 (dollars in thousands) | Number of loans | Rate modification | Term extension | Pre-modification recorded investment | Post-modification recorded investment (1) | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 1 | $ | - | $ | 512 | $ | 512 | $ | 457 | |||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied | 1 | - | 595 | 595 | 417 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 2 | $ | - | $ | 1,107 | $ | 1,107 | $ | 874 | |||||||||||
| 2013 (dollars in thousands) | Number of loans | Rate modification | Term extension | Pre-modification recorded investment | Post-modification recorded investment | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer - residential mortgage | 1 | $ | - | $ | 126 | $ | 126 | $ | 153 | |||||||||||
| Total | 1 | $ | - | $ | 126 | $ | 126 | $ | 153 | |||||||||||
(1) The period end balances are inclusive of all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date. Loans modified as TDRs that were fully paid down, charged-off, or foreclosed upon by period end are not reported.
TDRs are considered to be in default if the borrower fails to make timely payments under the terms of the restructure and repayment possibilities have been exhausted. There were no troubled debt restructurings that defaulted within one year during the years ended December 31, 2014 or 2013 whereby all repayment possibilities had been exhausted.
| 65 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
A summary of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2014 is as follows:
| Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Acquisition, Development, Construction | Non-owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Commercial and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential Mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance, December 31, 2013 | $ | 300 | $ | 39 | $ | 322 | $ | 377 | $ | 268 | $ | 120 | $ | 20 | $ | 43 | $ | 1,489 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (6 | ) | (114 | ) | - | (485 | ) | (359 | ) | - | - | - | (964 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 33 | 57 | 49 | 91 | - | 4 | 4 | 21 | 259 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Charge-offs) recoveries | 27 | (57 | ) | 49 | (394 | ) | (359 | ) | 4 | 4 | 21 | (705 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision (recovery) | (181 | ) | 115 | (222 | ) | 374 | 235 | (26 | ) | 52 | (42 | ) | 305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance, December 31, 2014 | $ | 146 | $ | 97 | $ | 149 | $ | 357 | $ | 144 | $ | 98 | $ | 76 | $ | 22 | $ | 1,089 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses for loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 110 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 33 | $ | - | $ | 143 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Collectively evaluated for impairment | 56 | 97 | 149 | 247 | 144 | 98 | 43 | 22 | 856 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 90 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance, December 31, 2014 | $ | 146 | $ | 97 | $ | 149 | $ | 357 | $ | 144 | $ | 98 | $ | 76 | $ | 22 | $ | 1,089 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross loan balances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 267 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 142 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 268 | $ | - | $ | 677 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Collectively evaluated for impairment | 934 | 50,057 | 46,382 | 23,042 | 64,870 | 8,192 | 10,442 | 1,232 | 205,151 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 958 | 1,455 | 3,200 | 969 | - | 185 | 364 | - | 7,131 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance, December 31, 2014 | $ | 2,159 | $ | 51,512 | $ | 49,582 | $ | 24,153 | $ | 64,870 | $ | 8,377 | $ | 11,074 | $ | 1,232 | $ | 212,959 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 66 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
A summary of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2013 is as follows:
| Commercial Real Estate | Consumer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Acquisition, Development, Construction | Non-owner occupied | Owner occupied | Commercial and Industrial | Guaranteed Student Loans | Residential mortgage | HELOC | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance, December 31, 2012 | $ | 229 | $ | 231 | $ | 350 | $ | 782 | $ | - | $ | 50 | $ | 457 | $ | 11 | $ | 2,110 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | - | - | (289 | ) | - | (94 | ) | - | (399 | ) | (4 | ) | (786 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recoveries | - | - | - | 135 | - | 5 | 6 | - | 146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Charge-offs) recoveries | - | - | (289 | ) | 135 | (94 | ) | 5 | (393 | ) | (4 | ) | (640 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision (recovery) | 71 | (192 | ) | 261 | (540 | ) | 362 | 65 | (44 | ) | 36 | 19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance, December 31, 2013 | $ | 300 | $ | 39 | $ | 322 | $ | 377 | $ | 268 | $ | 120 | $ | 20 | $ | 43 | $ | 1,489 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses for loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Collectively evaluated for impairment | 260 | 39 | 128 | 377 | 268 | 120 | 20 | 43 | 1,255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 40 | - | 194 | - | - | - | - | - | 234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance, December 31, 2013 | $ | 300 | $ | 39 | $ | 322 | $ | 377 | $ | 268 | $ | 120 | $ | 20 | $ | 43 | $ | 1,489 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross loan balances | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 267 | $ | 1,352 | $ | 259 | $ | 759 | $ | - | $ | 15 | $ | 177 | $ | - | $ | 2,829 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Collectively evaluated for impairment | 2,124 | 25,728 | 46,399 | 18,856 | 55,427 | 6,951 | 6,619 | 508 | 162,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 1,084 | 1,526 | 3,842 | 1,470 | - | 190 | 454 | - | 8,566 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance, December 31, 2013 | $ | 3,475 | $ | 28,606 | $ | 50,500 | $ | 21,085 | $ | 55,427 | $ | 7,156 | $ | 7,250 | $ | 508 | $ | 174,007 | ||||||||||||||||||
Note 5. Intangible Assets
In 2010, the Company acquired a majority interest in the Bank of Virginia. The Company recorded a core deposit intangible related to this acquisition of $249 thousand. This asset represents the estimated fair value of the core deposits and was determined based on the present value of future cash flow related to those deposits considering the industry standard “financial instrument” type present value methodology. The core deposit intangible is amortized over the estimated life of the deposits using the straight-line method. A summary of the activity in this account is as follows:
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||
| Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 174 | ||
| Amortization | (35 | ) | ||
| Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 139 | ||
| Amortization | (35 | ) | ||
| Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 104 | ||
Amortization expense is expected to be approximately $35 thousand per year through 2016 and $34 thousand in 2017.
| 67 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 6. Premises and Equipment
A summary of the cost and accumulated depreciation of premises and equipment is as follows:
| At December 31, (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Land | $ | 1,568 | $ | 1,568 | ||||
| Buildings and improvements | 2,640 | 2,638 | ||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 1,082 | 830 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 369 | 369 | ||||||
| Automobiles | 34 | 34 | ||||||
| Total premises and equipment | $ | 5,693 | $ | 5,439 | ||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,261 | ) | (975 | ) | ||||
| Total premises and equipment, net | $ | 4,432 | $ | 4,464 | ||||
The Company leases two branches and an operations office under operating leases that were acquired as part of a business combination. Management determined that one of these leases required lease payments that were above market as of the date of the acquisition. A liability was established for $822 thousand at acquisition, the amount the contractual payments exceeded fair value. This liability is being accreted into income as a reduction of lease expense over the life of the lease. Following is a schedule by year of future minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2014.
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| By year ended December 31, | Gross rent | Accretion | Net rent | |||||||||
| 2015 | $ | 334 | $ | (94 | ) | $ | 240 | |||||
| 2016 | 297 | (94 | ) | 203 | ||||||||
| 2017 | 291 | (94 | ) | 197 | ||||||||
| 2018 | 294 | (94 | ) | 200 | ||||||||
| 2019 | 139 | (70 | ) | 69 | ||||||||
| 2020 and thereafter | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total minimum payments required | $ | 1,355 | $ | (446 | ) | $ | 909 | |||||
Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 amounted to $227 thousand and $242 thousand, respectively, net of accretion. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, depreciation expense totaled $294 thousand and $279 thousand, respectively.
Note 7. Borrowings
The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) which provides for short-term and long-term advances, typically collateralized by various mortgage products. The FHLB maintains a blanket security agreement on qualifying collateral. Detail related to FHLB advances at December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows:
| (dollars in thousands) | Maturity date | 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| FHLB Advance — 1.62% | December 2019 | $ | 10,000 | $ | 10,000 | |||||
| FHLB Advance — 0.615% | March 2016 | 10,000 | - | |||||||
| FHLB Advance — 1.63% | October 2018 | 2,500 | - | |||||||
| FHLB Advance — 1.92% | October 2019 | 2,500 | - | |||||||
| Total | $ | 25,000 | $ | 10,000 | ||||||
Should the FHLB borrowing be repaid prior to maturity, the Bank may have to pay a mark-to-market termination fee to unwind on certain FHLB obligations. On the remaining advances, the Bank also has the option of converting and extending the borrowing term, subject to the inclusion of any mark-to-market fees. As of December 31, 2014, the Bank had approximately $1.2 million of remaining eligible loan collateral available for additional FHLB borrowings and remaining additional credit availability of $35.2 million based on the amount of other balance sheet investment securities held, excluding securities otherwise already pledged.
| 68 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
BVA maintains $2.5 million and $2.0 million unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks that were available for direct borrowings or Federal Funds purchased. The lines were undrawn at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
Note 8. Related Party Transactions
Executive officers, directors and their affiliates had borrowings of $4.7 million and $1.2 million and unfunded commitments of $523 thousand and $244 thousand with the Bank at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
| Related Party Borrowings at December 31, 2012 | $ | 1,017 | ||
| New loans/advances | 374 | |||
| Repayments | (164 | ) | ||
| Related Party Borrowings at December 31, 2013 | 1,227 | |||
| New loans/advances | 4,355 | |||
| Repayments | (882 | ) | ||
| Related Party Borrowings at December 31, 2014 | $ | 4,700 |
In addition, executive officers, directors and their affiliates maintained deposits of $2.9 million at December 31, 2014 and $1.9 million at December 31, 2013.
Note 9. Time Deposits
Remaining maturities on time deposits are as follows:
| (dollars in thousands) | ||||
| By year ended December 31, | ||||
| 2015 | $ | 87,489 | ||
| 2016 | 31,976 | |||
| 2017 | 21,674 | |||
| 2018 | 6,350 | |||
| 2019 | 4,066 | |||
| Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 151,555 | ||
The aggregate amount of time deposits of $250,000 or more at December 31, 2014 and 2013 were $9.7 million and $8.3 million, respectively. The Bank maintained brokered deposits of $21.1 million and $365 thousand at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 10. Income Taxes
The Company and Bank file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. With few exceptions, the Bank is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2011.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2014 and 2013, are presented below:
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Unrealized securites losses | $ | 159 | $ | 142 | ||||
| Acquistion accounting adjustments | 271 | 370 | ||||||
| Other real estate owned | 97 | 88 | ||||||
| Net operating loss carryforward | 6,372 | 6,298 | ||||||
| Bank premises and equipment | - | 25 | ||||||
| Accrued vacation | 22 | 19 | ||||||
| Deferred compensation | - | 20 | ||||||
| Non-accrual loan interest | 92 | 262 | ||||||
| Stock compensation | 34 | - | ||||||
| Other | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | $ | 7,049 | $ | 7,225 | ||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | $ | (804 | ) | $ | (367 | ) | ||
| Bank premises and equipment | (32 | ) | - | |||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | (836 | ) | $ | (367 | ) | ||
| Net deferred tax asset | $ | 6,213 | $ | 6,858 | ||||
| Less: valuation allowance | (6,213 | ) | (6,858 | ) | ||||
| $ | - | $ | - | |||||
The provision for income taxes charged to operations as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 consists of the following:
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Current tax expense | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
| Deferred tax (benefit) | 662 | (29 | ) | |||||
| Change in valuation allowance | (662 | ) | 29 | |||||
| Total tax expense | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the Company has approximately $18.7 million of net operating loss carryforwards, which will expire if unused beginning in 2024. As of December 31, 2014, net deferred tax assets of $6.2 million have been fully reserved with a valuation allowance. It is estimated that all of the valuation allowance is available to be reversed if it is deemed more-likely-than-not that all of the deferred tax asset will be realized. Of the net operating losses that occurred prior to the change in control of BVA in December 2010 and of Cordia in April 2014, the amount of the loss carryforward available to offset taxable income is limited to approximately $254,000 per year for twenty years for BVA and zero for Cordia. DTAs related to net operating losses in excess of the amount realizable during the 20 year carryforward period have been written off.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 11. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
The Bank is party to credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Bank’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Bank follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the following financial instruments were outstanding whose contractual amounts represent credit risk:
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Unused commitments and commitments to fund | $ | 15,110 | $ | 15,743 | ||||
| Commercial and standy letters of credit | 535 | 535 | ||||||
| $ | 15,645 | $ | 16,278 | |||||
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The commitments for equity lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Bank, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.
Unfunded commitments under commercial lines of credit, revolving credit lines and overdraft protection agreements are commitments for possible future extensions of credit to existing customers. These lines of credit usually contain a specified maturity date and may not be fully drawn upon to the total extent to which the Bank is committed. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Bank, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. Letters of credit issued generally have expiration dates within one year, except for those originally issued as two year commitments, however, upon automatic renewal, the letters of credit will then have expiration dates that expire within one year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in normal extensions of credit. The Bank generally holds collateral supporting those commitments, if deemed necessary.
The Bank maintains its primary cash accounts in two correspondent banks. Capital ratios of correspondents are reviewed periodically to ensure that their capital ratios are maintained at acceptable levels. There were uninsured balances held with these institutions of $4.6 million and $4.4 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Note 12. Minimum Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Limitations
The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, financial institutions must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. A financial institution’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Because total assets on a consolidated basis are less than $500,000,000, the Company is not subject to the consolidated capital requirements imposed by the Bank Holding Company Act. Consequently, the Company is not required to calculate its capital ratios on a consolidated basis.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require financial institutions to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). As of December 31, 2014, the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
As of December 31, 2014, the Bank was considered as well capitalized under the Federal Reserve Bank’s regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank's category.
The Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, are presented in the following table:
| Actual Capital | Minimum Capital Requirement | Minimum To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provisions (dollars in thousands) | Amount | Ratio | Amount | Ratio | Amount | Ratio | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (To risk-weighted assets) | $ | 27,074 | 15.52 | % | $ | 13,958 | 8.00 | % | $ | 17,448 | 10.00 | % | ||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (To risk-weighted assets) | $ | 25,985 | 14.89 | % | $ | 6,979 | 4.00 | % | $ | 10,469 | 6.00 | % | ||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (To average assets) | $ | 25,985 | 8.24 | % | $ | 12,610 | 4.00 | % | $ | 15,763 | 5.00 | % | ||||||||||||
| 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (To risk-weighted assets) | $ | 15,616 | 11.25 | % | $ | 11,110 | 8.00 | % | $ | 13,887 | 10.00 | % | ||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (To risk-weighted assets) | $ | 14,127 | 10.17 | % | $ | 5,555 | 4.00 | % | $ | 8,332 | 6.00 | % | ||||||||||||
| Tier 1 capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (To average assets) | $ | 14,127 | 6.09 | % | $ | 9,279 | 4.00 | % | $ | 11,560 | 5.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Dividend Limitations
As a result of regulatory restrictions due to losses realized by the Bank during 2014 and 2012 and the Written Agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, which terminated on August 13, 2013, we are not presently able to pay dividends without prior approval. Accordingly, the Bank paid no dividends during 2014 or 2013.
Note 13. Employee Benefit Plans
Employee 401(k) Savings Plan
The Company provides a 401(k) Plan that is available to employees meeting minimum eligibility requirements. The Company did not make any matching contributions to the plan in 2014 or 2013. The employee participants have various investment alternatives available in the 401(k) Plan; however, Company stock is currently not permitted as an investment alternative.
Employee Welfare Plan
The Company provides benefit programs to eligible full-time and part-time employees who elect coverage under the plan. Each plan has its own eligibility requirement. During an annual enrollment period each year, employees have the opportunity to change their coverage or, in certain circumstances, more frequently due to certain life-changing events. Generally, amounts paid by employees for benefit coverage are deducted from their pay on a before-tax basis. Certain benefits are deducted on an after-tax basis.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Various insurance benefits offered to employees consist of medical, dental, vision, life, accidental death and dismemberment, long term disability, short term disability, medical spending account, dependent care spending account, long term care and supplemental insurance. The health and welfare plans are administered through Multiple Employer Welfare Association (“MEWA”). Monthly employer and employee contributions are remitted to a tax-exempt employer benefits trust managed by the Virginia Bankers Association, against which the MEWA processes and pays claims.
Deferred Compensation Plan
The Bank had a deferred compensation agreement with its Former Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman of the board entered into in January 2005, providing for benefit payments commencing January 1, 2010, for a period of five years. The final payout was December 2014. The annual payment for both 2014 and 2013 was $60 thousand. The obligation was based upon the present value of the expected payments over the expected payout and accrual period. There was no remaining liability as of December 31, 2014.
Stock Options and Restricted Stock
Share-based compensation arrangements include stock options, restricted stock plans, performance-based awards, stock appreciation rights and employee stock purchase plans. ASC Topic 718 requires all share-based payments to employees to be valued using a fair value method on the date of grant and to be expensed based on that fair value over the applicable vesting period.
At the 2005 Annual Meeting, shareholders ratified approval of the Bank of Virginia 2005 Stock Option Plan (the “2005 Plan”) which made available up to 26,560 shares for potential grants of stock options. The Plan was instituted to encourage and facilitate investment in the common stock of the Bank by key employees and executives and to assist in the long-term retention of service by those executives. The Plan covers employees as determined by the Bank’s Board of Directors from time to time. Options under the Plan were granted in the form of incentive stock options.
At the 2011 Annual Meeting, the Bank’s shareholders approved a new share-based compensation plan (Bank of Virginia 2011 Stock Incentive Plan or the “2011 Plan”). Under this plan, employees, officers and directors of the Bank or its affiliates are eligible to participate. The plan’s intent was to reward employees, officers and directors of the Bank or its affiliates for their efforts, to assist in the long-term retention of service for those who were awarded, as well as further align their interests with the Bank’s shareholders. At the 2014 Annual Meeting, Cordia shareholders approved an amendment to the 2011 Plan to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance by an additional 800,000 shares. As of December 31, 2014, there were 695,853 shares reserved under the 2011 Plan.
There were 20,000 Cordia stock options granted outside the plan prior to the share exchange in March 2013. In addition, there were 10,000 stock options and 12,500 restricted stock issued in September 2013 outside the plan as an inducement grant to a newly hired officer.
As of the merger on March 29, 2013, the 2005 and 2011 Plans were assumed by Cordia.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
A summary of the Company’s option activity as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and changes during the years then ended are presented in the following table:
| Option shares | Weighted- Average Exercise Price | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 1, 2013 | 77,830 | $ | 9.68 | - | ||||||||
| Granted | 56,982 | 5.16 | - | |||||||||
| Forfeited | (19,156 | ) | 8.34 | - | ||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2013 | 115,656 | $ | 7.68 | 8.44 | ||||||||
| Granted | 31,150 | 4.16 | - | |||||||||
| Forfeited | (1,328 | ) | 6.40 | - | ||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2014 | 145,478 | $ | 6.94 | 7.88 | ||||||||
| Exercisable at December 31, 2014 | 60,042 | $ | 9.13 | 7.23 | ||||||||
Aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the quoted price and the award exercise price of the stock. To the extent that the quoted price is less than the exercise price, there is no value to the underlying option awards, which was the case at both December 31, 2014 and 2013.
The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2014 and 2013 was $1.50 and $1.77, respectively. The remaining unrecognized compensation expense for the options granted totaled $108 thousand as of December 31, 2014 and will be recognized over the next 45 months, or 3.75 years.
The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the “Black-Scholes Option Pricing” method with the following assumptions for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:
| 2014 | 2013 | |||||||
| Expected dividend rate | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||
| Expected volatility | 30.00 | % | 30.00 | % | ||||
| Expected term in years | 7 | 7 - 10 | ||||||
| Risk free rate | 2.15 | % | 1.42 | % | ||||
Options totaling 31,150 were granted during the year ended December 31, 2014 under the 2011 plan. The expected term of options granted under both the 2011 Plan and 2005 Plan were estimated based upon anticipated behavior patterns given the contractual terms of the options granted. The risk free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option has been based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. Expected volatility has been based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock.
During 2013, each non-executive director was granted 2,205 restricted shares and the new Chief Financial Officer was granted 12,500 restricted shares for a total of 30,140 restricted shares. The 2013 grants equaled $137 thousand in value. The non-executive director shares vested pro rata monthly over the course of 2013, and were fully vested by the end of 2013. During 2014, each non-executive director was granted 2,300 restricted shares, or a time of service prorated amount and the CEO was granted 66,000 restricted shares for a total of 85,933 restricted shares granted to directors and officers. The 2014 grants equaled $361 thousand in value. The non-executive director shares vested pro rata monthly over the course of 2014, and were fully vested by the end of 2014.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested shares in relation to the Company’s restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and changes during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. The weighted average price is the weighted average fair value at the date of grant.
| Shares | Weighted Average Price | |||||||
| Nonvested as of January 1, 2013 | - | |||||||
| Granted | 30,140 | $ | 4.55 | |||||
| Vested | 18,440 | 4.63 | ||||||
| Forfeited | - | - | ||||||
| Nonvested as of December 31, 2013 | 11,700 | $ | 4.41 | |||||
| Granted | 85,933 | 4.20 | ||||||
| Vested | 45,053 | 4.21 | ||||||
| Forfeited | - | - | ||||||
| Nonvested as of December 31, 2014 | 52,580 | $ | 4.23 | |||||
The weighted average fair value of restricted stock granted during the year was $4.20. The remaining unrecognized compensation expense for the shares granted totaled $222 thousand as of December 31, 2014 and will be recognized over the next 33 months, or 2.75 years.
A total of 578,125 shares of restricted shares of common stock were sold to founding investors of Cordia predominantly during 2009 and 2010 and are considered at December 31, 2014 more-likely-than-not to not vest due to significant performance based thresholds, for which the vesting time period expires in October 2016.
Stock-based compensation expense was $270 thousand in 2014 and $99 thousand in 2013.
Cordia does not have any benefit plans or incentive compensation plans beyond those maintained by the Bank. Cordia does provide a life insurance benefit to the President and Chief Executive Officer under the terms of his employment agreement.
Note 14. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practical to estimate the value is based upon the characteristics of the instruments and relevant market information. Financial instruments include cash, evidence of ownership in an entity, or contracts that convey or impose on an entity that contractual right or obligation to either receive or deliver cash for another financial instrument. Fair value is the amount at which a financial instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation, and is best evidenced by a quoted market price if one exists.
The following presents the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments. The information used to determine fair value is highly subjective and judgmental in nature and, therefore, the results may not be precise. Subjective factors include, among other things, estimates of cash flows, risk characteristics, credit quality, and interest rates, all of which are subject to change. Since the fair value is estimated as of the balance sheet date, the amounts that will actually be realized or paid upon settlement or maturity on these various instruments could be significantly different.
Financial Instruments with Book Value Equal to Fair Value
The book values of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and purchased, loans held for sale, interest receivable, and interest payable are considered to be equal to fair value as a result of the short-term nature of these items.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Securities
The fair value for securities available for sale and securities held to maturity is based on current market quotations, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value has been based on the quoted price of similar instruments. Restricted securities are valued at cost which is also the stated redemption value of the shares.
Restricted Securities
Restricted securities are valued at cost which is also the stated redemption value of the shares.
Loans Held for Investments
The estimated value of loans held for investment is measured based upon discounted future cash flows using the current rates for similar loans, as well as assumptions related to credit risk.
Deposits
Deposits without a stated maturity, including demand, interest-bearing demand, and savings accounts, are reported at their carrying value in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance. No value has been assigned to the franchise value of these deposits. For other types of deposits with fixed maturities, fair value has been estimated by discounting future cash flows based on interest rates currently being offered on deposits with similar characteristics and maturities.
Borrowings and Other Indebtedness
Fair value has been estimated based on interest rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar characteristics and maturities.
Commitments to Extend Credit, Standby Letters of Credit, and Financial Guarantees
Fair values for off-balance-sheet, credit-related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the fair value of loan commitments and standby letters of credit was deemed to be immaterial and therefore is not included.
Determination of Fair Value
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure topic of FASB ASC, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.
The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment.
Authoritative accounting literature specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy based on these two types of inputs are as follows:
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
| Level 1 | Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. |
| Level 2 | Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. |
| Level 3 | Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques. |
The following table presents estimated fair values of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance:
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Carrying amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 21,847 | $ | 21,847 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 21,847 | ||||||||||
| Securities available for sale | 53,483 | - | 53,483 | - | 53,483 | |||||||||||||||
| Securities held to maturity | 20,716 | - | 21,047 | - | 21,047 | |||||||||||||||
| Restricted securities | 2,092 | - | 2,092 | - | 2,092 | |||||||||||||||
| Net Loans held for investment | 211,870 | - | - | 213,861 | 213,861 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest receivable | 2,040 | - | 2,040 | - | 2,040 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 30,709 | - | 30,709 | - | 30,709 | |||||||||||||||
| Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits | 83,339 | - | 82,986 | - | 82,986 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 151,555 | - | 152,179 | - | 152,179 | |||||||||||||||
| FHLB Borrowings | 25,000 | - | 24,753 | - | 24,753 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest payable | 161 | - | 161 | - | 161 | |||||||||||||||
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Carrying amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 13,984 | $ | 13,984 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 13,984 | ||||||||||
| Securities available for sale | 24,567 | - | 24,567 | - | 24,567 | |||||||||||||||
| Securities held to maturity | 14,753 | - | 14,597 | - | 14,597 | |||||||||||||||
| Restricted securities | 1,074 | - | 1,074 | - | 1,074 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans held for investment | 172,518 | - | - | 173,444 | 173,444 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest receivable | 1,655 | - | 1,655 | - | 1,655 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 22,845 | - | 22,845 | - | 22,845 | |||||||||||||||
| Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits | 60,685 | - | 60,685 | - | 60,685 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 127,284 | - | 127,966 | - | 127,966 | |||||||||||||||
| FHLB Borrowings | 10,000 | - | 9,656 | - | 9,656 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest payable | 143 | - | 143 | - | 143 | |||||||||||||||
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:
Securities available for sale
Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2).
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following table presents the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2014 and 2013:
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant Unobservable Inputs | ||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Balance at December 31, | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
| 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
| U. S. Government Agencies | $ | 2,689 | $ | - | $ | 2,689 | $ | - | ||||||||
| Agency Guaranteed Mortgage-backed securities | 50,794 | - | 50,794 | - | ||||||||||||
| 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| U. S. Government Agencies | $ | 7,041 | $ | - | $ | 7,041 | $ | - | ||||||||
| Agency Guaranteed Mortgage-backed securities | 17,526 | - | 17,526 | - | ||||||||||||
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:
Impaired Loans
Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral value based on income valuation approach is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’s financial statements if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the Allowance for Loan Losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) is measure at fair value less cost to sell, based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company. If the collateral value is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level 3. OREO is measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any initial fair value adjustment is charged against the Allowance for Loan Losses. Subsequent fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and included in other noninterest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant Unobservable Inputs | ||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Balance at December 31, | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | ||||||||||||
| 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
| Impaired loans | $ | 42 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 42 | ||||||||
| OREO | 1,641 | - | - | 1,641 | ||||||||||||
| 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| OREO | $ | 1,545 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,545 | ||||||||
The following table displays quantitative information about level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2014 and 2013:
| December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||
| Description | Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable input | Range | ||||||||
| Impaired loans | $ | 42 | - | - | 0-10% | |||||||
| Other real estate owned | $ | 1,641 | Discounted appraised value | Discount for lack of marketability | 6-29% | |||||||
| December 31, 2013 | ||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Measurements | |||||||||||
| Description | Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable input | Range | ||||||||
| Other real estate owned | $ | 1,545 | Discounted appraised value | Discount for lack of marketability | 6-29% | |||||||
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Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 15. Other Real Estate Owned
The table below presents a summary of the activity related to other real estate owned:
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Beginning balance, January 1 | $ | 1,545 | $ | 1,768 | ||||
| Additions | 83 | - | ||||||
| Valuation adjustments | 13 | - | ||||||
| Sales | - | (223 | ) | |||||
| Ending balance, December 31 | $ | 1,641 | $ | 1,545 | ||||
The Company aggressively attempts to dispose of its other real estate and has contracted with a third-party vendor to aid in expediting the sales process. The Company recorded no sales or gain on the sale of OREO during 2014 as compared to a net gain of $36 thousand during 2013. The Company recorded an expense of $46 thousand and $48 thousand related to other real estate owned for the years ended December, 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Note 16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are summarized as follows:
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | (384 | ) | $ | 56 | |||
| Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities | (132 | ) | (448 | ) | ||||
| Amortization of available for sale to held to maturity reclassification adjustment | 48 | 8 | ||||||
| Net current period other comprehensive loss | (84 | ) | (440 | ) | ||||
| Ending balance | $ | (468 | ) | $ | (384 | ) | ||
The following table presents information on amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), by category, during the periods indicated:
| (in thousands) | Affected Line Item on | |||||||||
| Condensed | ||||||||||
| Consolidated | ||||||||||
| Statement of | ||||||||||
| 2014 | 2013 | Operations | ||||||||
| Available-for-sale securities | ||||||||||
| Realized gains on sales of securities | $ | 177 | $ | - | Net gain on sale of available-for-sale securities | |||||
| 80 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 17. Preferred Stock Issuance and Conversion
On April 10, 2014, Cordia completed the sale of approximately 363 shares of Mandatorily Convertible, Noncumulative, Nonvoting, Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.01 par value per share, to accredited investors at a purchase price of $42,500 per share for total gross proceeds of $15.4 million. The capital raise included investments by 100% of Cordia directors. The net proceeds of the offering are being used primarily to support organic growth in BVA.
On June 25, 2014, upon stockholder approval, each share of Series A Preferred Stock mandatorily converted into 10,000 shares of Cordia’s common stock at a conversion price of $4.25 per share, for a total issuance of approximately 3,629,871 new shares of common stock, of which 2,229,434 are voting and 1,400,437 are nonvoting. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock did not receive any dividends under the provisions of the stock purchase agreements.
Other than voting rights, the nonvoting common stock has the same rights and privileges as the common stock, including sharing ratably in all assets of the Company upon its liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, and entitlement to receive dividends in the same amount per share and at the same time when, as and if declared by the Board, and is identical to the common stock in all other respects as to all other matters (other than voting). Holders of nonvoting common stock have no cumulative voting rights or preemptive rights (other than the limited contractual preemptive rights of certain investors in the private placement offering) to purchase or subscribe for any additional shares of common stock or nonvoting common stock or other securities, and there are no conversion rights or redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to the nonvoting common stock.
Authorized Shares. 5,000,000 shares of nonvoting common stock, par value of $0.01 per share, are authorized and 1,400,437 shares of nonvoting common stock are outstanding.
Voting Rights. Holders of nonvoting common stock are not entitled to vote except as required by the Virginia Stock Corporation Act. Where the shares of nonvoting common stock are entitled to vote under Virginia law, each holder of nonvoting common stock will have one vote for each share of nonvoting common stock held of record solely on the matters to which such shares are entitled to vote, and subject to the rights and limitations specified by the Virginia Stock Corporation Act.
Automatic Conversion Upon Permitted Transfer. Each share of nonvoting common stock will automatically convert into one share of common stock in the event of a “permitted transfer” to a transferee. A “permitted transfer” is a transfer of nonvoting common stock (i) in a widespread public distribution, (ii) in which no transferee (or group of associated transferees) would receive 2% or more of any class of voting securities of the Company, or (iii) to a transferee that would control more than 50% of the voting securities of the Company without any transfer from such holder of nonvoting common stock.
Dividends. Subject to the prior rights of the holders of shares of preferred stock that may be issued and outstanding, the holders of nonvoting common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors out of funds lawfully available for the payment of dividends.
| 81 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Note 18. Parent Company Activity
Cordia Bancorp, Inc. owns 100.0% of the outstanding shares of the Bank of Virginia at December 31, 2014. Condensed financial statements of Cordia Bancorp, Inc. follow:
Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31, 2014 and 2013
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | $ | 1,779 | $ | 211 | ||||
| Investment in Bank of Virginia | 25,621 | 13,882 | ||||||
| Other assets | 11 | 229 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 27,411 | $ | 14,322 | ||||
| Liabilities and capital: | ||||||||
| Liabilities | $ | 275 | $ | 1,035 | ||||
| Equity | ||||||||
| Common stock | 65 | 28 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 32,956 | 18,648 | ||||||
| Retained deficit | (5,417 | ) | (5,005 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (468 | ) | (384 | ) | ||||
| Total equity | 27,136 | 13,287 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 27,411 | $ | 14,322 | ||||
| 82 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Condensed Statements of Operations
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Income: | ||||||||
| Equity in undistributed income of subsidiary | $ | 323 | $ | 1,346 | ||||
| Interest income | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Total income | $ | 324 | $ | 1,347 | ||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||
| Other expense | 736 | 651 | ||||||
| Total expense | 736 | 651 | ||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (412 | ) | $ | 696 | |||
| 83 |
Cordia Bancorp
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013
| (dollars in thousands) | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (412 | ) | $ | 696 | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ||||||||
| Equity in undistributed income of subsidiary | (323 | ) | (1,346 | ) | ||||
| Stock-based compensation | 270 | 99 | ||||||
| Net decrease (increase) in other assets | 218 | (109 | ) | |||||
| Net (decrease) increase in other liabilities | (760 | ) | 828 | |||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (1,007 | ) | 168 | |||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Investment in Bank of Virginia, net of costs | (11,500 | ) | (4,312 | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (11,500 | ) | (4,312 | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Issuance of Common Stock, net of costs | 14,075 | 4,128 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | 14,075 | 4,128 | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | 1,568 | (16 | ) | |||||
| Cash and due from banks, beginning of period | 211 | 227 | ||||||
| Cash and due from banks, end of period | $ | 1,779 | $ | 211 | ||||
| 84 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Cordia Bancorp Inc.
Midlothian, Virginia
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cordia Bancorp Inc. and subsidiary (the “Company”)
as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in
stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control
over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing
audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness
of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Cordia Bancorp Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the results of their operations and their cash
flows for the years then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Yount, Hyde & Barbour, P.C.
Winchester, Virginia
March 25, 2015
| 85 |
| Item 9. | Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
None
| Item 9A | Controls and Procedures |
| (a) | Disclosure Controls and Procedures |
The Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2014, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
| (b) | Internal Controls over Financial Reporting |
Cordia's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Management assessed the effectiveness of Cordia's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 based upon the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in a report entitled Internal Control — Integrated Framework (1992). Based on its assessment, management has concluded that Cordia maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of the quarter ended December 31, 2014.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only Management’s report in this annual report.
| (c) | Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting |
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2014 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
| Item 9B. | Other Information |
None
| 86 |
| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |
The information regarding the directors and officers of Cordia and compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated herein by reference to Cordia’s Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and to Part I, Item 1 “Business – Executive Officers of the Registrant” to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Code of Ethics
Cordia has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer, the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. A copy of the Company’s code of business conduct and ethics is available on the Corporate portion of the Bank’s website at www.bankofva.com.
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation |
The information regarding executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to Cordia’s Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
The information relating to certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Stock Ownership” in Cordia’s Proxy Statement for the 2015Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Security Ownership of Management
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Stock Ownership” in Cordia’s Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Changes in Control
Management of Cordia knows of no arrangements, including any pledge by any person or securities of Cordia, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the registrant.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information about Cordia common stock that may be issued upon exercise of options, warrants and rights under all of Cordia’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2014.
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuarance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the first column) | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 115,478 | $ | 7.48 | 695,853 | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | 30,000 | 4.84 | - | |||||||||
| Total | 145,478 | $ | 6.94 | 695,853 | ||||||||
| 87 |
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships, and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |
The information relating to certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated herein by reference to Cordia’s Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
| Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services |
The information relating to principal accounting fees and expenses is incorporated herein by reference to Cordia’s Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
| 88 |
| Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules |
| Exhibit No. | Description | Incorporated by Reference to | ||
| 3.1 | Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Cordia Bancorp Inc. | Exhibit 3 to Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014. | ||
| 3.3 | Bylaws of Cordia Bancorp Inc. | Exhibit 3.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.1* | Bank of Virginia 2005 Stock Option Plan | Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.2* | Form of Employee Stock Option Agreement | Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.3* | Form of Director Stock Option Agreement | Exhibit 10.3 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.4* | Bank of Virginia 2011 Stock Incentive Plan | Exhibit 10.5 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.5* | Employment Agreement between Cordia Bancorp Inc. and Jack C. Zoeller | Exhibit 10.6 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.6* | Nonqualified Stock Option of Richard Dickinson | Exhibit 10.7 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.7* | Amended and Restated Series A Stock Purchase Agreement between Cordia Bancorp Inc. and David C. Bushnell | Exhibit 10.8 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.8* | Second Amended and Restated Founder Stock Purchase Agreement between Cordia Bancorp Inc. and Peter W. Grieve | Exhibit 10.9 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.9* | Amended and Restated Founder Stock Purchase Agreement between Cordia Bancorp Inc. and Raymond H. Smith, Jr. | Exhibit 10.10 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.10* | Amended and Restated Founder Stock Purchase Agreement between Cordia Bancorp Inc. and Todd S. Thomson | Exhibit 10.11 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.11* | Second Amended and Restated Founder Stock Purchase Agreement between Cordia Bancorp Inc. and John P. Wright | Exhibit 10.12 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. |
| 89 |
| 10.12* | Second Amended and Restated Founder Stock Purchase Agreement between Cordia Bancorp Inc. and Jack Zoeller | Exhibit 10.13 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.13* | Form of Incentive Stock Option Award | Exhibit 10.14 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.14* | Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Award | Exhibit 10.15 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-186087), as amended, initially filed on January 18, 2013. | ||
| 10.15* | Nonqualified Inducement Stock Option Grant Notice and Stock Option Agreement with Mark A. Severson | Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-192340) filed on November 14, 2013 | ||
| 10.16* | Inducement Restricted Stock Award Notice and Award Agreement with Mark A. Severson | Exhibit 99.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-192340) filed on November 14, 2013 | ||
| 10.17* | First Amendment to Employment Agreement with Jack C. Zoeller | Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 4, 2014 | ||
| 21.1 | Subsidiaries | |||
| 23.1 | Consent of Yount, Hyde, Barbour, P.C. | |||
| 31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer | |||
| 31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer | |||
| 32.1 | Section 1350 Certification | |||
| 101.1 | The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i( the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the consolidated Statements of Operations (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text. |
*Management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
| 90 |
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| CORDIA BANCORP INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Jack Zoeller | |
| Jack Zoeller | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| /s/ Jack Zoeller | March 25, 2015 | |
| Jack Zoeller | ||
| President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| /s/ Mark A. Severson | March 25, 2015 | |
| Mark A. Severson | ||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
| /s/ David C. Bushnell | March 25, 2015 | |
| David C. Bushnell | ||
| Director | ||
| /s/ G. Waddy Garrett | March 25, 2015 | |
| G. Waddy Garrett | ||
| Director | ||
| /s/ Thomas L. Gordon | March 25, 2015 | |
| Thomas L. Gordon | ||
| Director | ||
| /s/ Peter W. Grieve | March 25, 2015 | |
| Peter W. Grieve | ||
| Director | ||
| /s/ Hunter R. Hollar | March 25, 2015 | |
| Hunter R. Hollar | ||
| Director | ||
| /s/ Michael Rosinus | March 25, 2015 | |
| Michael Rosinus | ||
| Director | ||
|
/s/ Raymond Smith |
March 25, 2015 | |
| Raymond Smith | ||
| Director | ||
| Todd S. Thomson | ||
| Director | ||
| /s/ John P. Wright | March 25, 2015 | |
| John P. Wright | ||
| Director | ||
| /s/ David Zlatin | March 25, 2015 | |
| David Zlatin | ||
| Director |
| 91 |