UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): October 16, 2014

Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (617) 715-3600

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

Item 1.01 Entry Into a Material Definitive Agreement

On October 16, 2014, Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with BMO Capital Markets Corp., Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated and Guggenheim Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters (collectively, the “Underwriters”), relating to an underwritten public offering of 3,950,000 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”). All of the Shares are being sold by the Company. The offering price to the public is $19.00 per share, and the Underwriters have agreed to purchase the Shares from the Company pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement at a price of $17.86 per share. Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the Underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days, to purchase up to an additional 592,500 shares of Common Stock at the same price per share as the Shares.

The Shares will be issued pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated October 16, 2014 and an accompanying base prospectus dated May 21, 2014 that form a part of the registration statement on Form S-3 that the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which became effective on May 21, 2014 (File No. 333-195631). The closing of the offering is expected to take place on or about October 22, 2014, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.

A copy of the Underwriting Agreement is attached as Exhibit 1.1 hereto and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the material terms of the Underwriting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit.

A copy of the legal opinion and consent of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP relating to the Shares is attached as Exhibit 5.1 hereto.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

The Exhibits to this Current Report on Form 8-K are listed in the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

EXHIBIT INDEX