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8-K/A - AKORN, INC. 8-K/A - AKORN INCa50893358.htm
EX-99.2 - EXHIBIT 99.2 - AKORN INCa50893358ex99_2.htm
EX-99.1 - EXHIBIT 99.1 - AKORN INCa50893358ex99_1.htm
EX-23.1 - EXHIBIT 23.1 - AKORN INCa50893358ex23_1.htm
Exhibit 99.3
 
 
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
 
On April 17, 2014, Akorn, Inc. ("Akorn", or the "Company") completed its merger ("the Merger") of Hi-Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc. ("Hi-Tech") in a transaction accounted for under the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. Akorn paid a total purchase price of $649,558,000 to acquire all of the outstanding Hi-Tech common shares, stock options and payments for key executives principally funded through debt.
 
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements presented below are based on, and should be read in conjunction with, the historical information that Akorn and Hi-Tech have presented in their respective filings with the SEC. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2014 gives effect to the merger described in note (1) to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements as if it had occurred on March 31, 2014, and combines the historical balance sheets of Akorn and Hi-Tech as of March 31, 2014 and January 31, 2014, respectively. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 is presented as if the merger had occurred on January 1, 2013, and combines the historical results of Akorn and Hi-Tech for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 and the quarter ended January 31, 2014, respectively, while the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 is presented as if the merger had occurred on January 1, 2013, and combines the historical results of Akorn for the year ended December 31, 2013 and the historical results of Hi-Tech for the twelve (12) month periods ended January 31, 2014. The historical financial information is adjusted to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the merger, factually supportable, and with respect to the statements of operations, are expected to have a continuing impact on combined results.
 
The pro forma adjustments related to the merger are based on a preliminary fair valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition whereby the cost to acquire Hi-Tech was allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed, based upon their estimated fair values. The preliminary fair valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition is subject to finalization of Akorn’s management analysis of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Hi-Tech as of the acquisition date. The final fair valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition may result in additional adjustments to the recorded amounts of assets and liabilities that may be material and may also result in adjustments to depreciation, amortization and charges for acquired in-process research and development that may be material. The final allocation is expected to be completed as soon as practicable, but no later than 12 months after the acquisition date.
 
The historical financial information has been adjusted to reflect pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition and can be reasonably estimated. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations does not reflect the potential realization of cost savings and operating synergies relating to the integration of the two companies, nor does it include any other item not expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results of the companies. The preliminary estimate of the fair values of acquired assets and liabilities are based on preliminary estimates and are subject to change.
 
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements and were prepared for illustrative purposes in accordance with the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be considered indicative of the financial position or results of operations that would have occurred if the acquisition had been consummated on the dates indicated, nor are they indicative of the expected future financial position or results of operations of the condensed combined company.
 
 
 

 
 
AKORN, INC.
CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
March 31, 2014
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
                               
   
Akorn
(as of March
31, 2014)
   
Hi-Tech
(as of January
31, 2014)
   
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Note 3)
         
Pro Forma
Combined
 
ASSETS:
                             
CURRENT ASSETS:
                             
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 45,606     $ 86,447     $ (77,687 )  
( a )
    $ 54,366  
Trade accounts receivable, net
    65,500       70,889                     136,389  
Inventories, net
    62,013       46,708       6,738    
( b )
      115,459  
Deferred taxes, current
    8,038       9,177       2,162     ( h )       19,377  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    4,559       10,388                     14,947  
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS:
    185,716       223,609       (68,788 )           340,537  
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
    87,675       35,125       10,936    
( c )
      133,736  
OTHER LONG TERM ASSETS:
                                     
Goodwill
    30,437       545       170,762    
( d )
      201,744  
Product licensing rights, net
    122,933       37,306       297,653    
( e )
      457,892  
Other intangible assets, net
    14,283       477       14,723    
( e )
      29,483  
Deferred financing costs
    3,570       -       13,631    
( f )
      17,201  
Long-term investments
    10,012       -                     10,012  
Deferred taxes, non-current
    3,330       3,339            
 
      6,669  
Other
    3,556       274                     3,830  
TOTAL OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS
    188,121       41,941       496,770             726,831  
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 461,512     $ 300,675     $ 438,918           $ 1,201,105  
LIABILITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
                                     
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
                                     
Trade accounts payable
  $ 30,632     $ 9,635     $               $ 40,267  
Contingent consideration, current
    18,898       2,875       (575 )  
( g )
      21,198  
Accrued compensation
    4,453       -                       4,453  
Accrued royalties
    6,480       -                       6,480  
Deferred Tax Liability, current
    -       -       2,493    
( h )
      2,493  
Income taxes payable
    6,559       -                       6,559  
Long-term debt, current
    -       -       3,000    
( i )
      3,000  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    9,039       15,075                       24,114  
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
    76,061       27,585       4,918               108,564  
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
                                       
Long-term debt, net of current portion
    109,825       -       597,000    
( i )
      706,825  
Contingent consideration, non-current
    -       2,921       (121 )  
( g )
      2,800  
Long-term portion of deferred tax liabilities
    -       -       119,626    
( h )
      119,626  
Lease incentive obligations and other long-term liabilities
    1,577       -                       1,577  
TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
    111,402       2,921       716,505               830,828  
TOTAL LIABILITIES
    187,463       30,506       721,423               939,392  
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
                                       
Common stock
    241,571       113,037       (113,037 )  
( j )
      241,571  
Additional paid in capital
            164       (164 )  
( j )
      -  
Warrants to acquire common stock
    17,946       -       -               17,946  
Treasury stock
    -       (25,425 )     25,425    
( j )
      -  
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
    25,194       182,393       (194,729 )  
( j )
      12,858  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (10,662 )     -       -               (10,662 )
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
    274,049       270,169       (282,505 )             261,713  
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
  $ 461,512     $ 300,675     $ 438,918             $ 1,201,105  
 
 
 

 
 
AKORN, INC.
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 
                               
   
Akorn
Year Ended
12/31/13
 
Hi-Tech
12 months ended
1/31/14 (1)
 
Pro Forma
Adjustments
(Note 3)
       
Pro Forma
Combined
 
Revenues
  $ 317,711     $ 227,477                   $ 545,188  
Cost of sales (exclusive of amortization of
      intangibles included below)
    145,807       111,511       12,708    
( k )
      270,026  
GROSS PROFIT
    171,904       115,966       (12,708 )             275,162  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    53,508       55,461       (5,435  
( l )
      103,534  
Acquisition-related costs
    2,912       -       (2,395 )  
( m )
      517  
Research and development expenses
    19,858       17,051                       36,909  
Amortization of intangibles
    7,422       6,566       15,664    
( n )
      29,652  
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
    83,700       79,078       7,834               170,612  
OPERATING INCOME
    88,204       36,888       (20,542 )             104,550  
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    (842 )     -       (1,924 )  
( o )
      (2,766 )
Interest expense, net
    (8,649 )     362       (26,942 )  
( p )
      (35,229 )
Equity in earnings of uncombined joint venture
    80       -                       80  
Bargain purchase gain
    3,707       -                       3,707  
Settlements and loss contingencies
    -       (26,400 )                     (26,400 )
Other non-operating income (expense), net
    395       1,853                       2,248  
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES BEFORE NON-RECURRING
      CHARGES DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE TRANSACTION
    82,895       12,703       (49,408 )             46,190  
Income tax provision (benefit)
    30,533       3,232       (16,675 )  
( q )
      17,090  
COMBINED INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE NON-RECURRING CHARGES
      DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE TRANSACTION
  $ 52,362     $ 9,471     $ (32,734 )           $ 29,099  
COMBINED INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE NON-RECURRING CHARGES
      DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE TRANSACTION PER SHARE:
                                       
BASIC
                                  $ 0.30  
DILUTED
                                  $ 0.26  
SHARES USED IN COMPUTING COMBINED INCOME (LOSS)
      BEFORE NON-RECURRING CHARGES DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE
      TO THE TRANSACTION:
                                       
BASIC
                                    96,181  
DILUTED
                                    113,898  
 
 
(1)  
Hi-Tech's financial information was derived by adding the nine months ended January 31, 2014 to its year ended April 30, 2013, less the nine months ended January 31, 2013.
 
 
 

 

AKORN, INC.
CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Three Month Period Ended March 31, 2014
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
 
                               
   
Akorn
3 months
Ended 3/31/14
   
Hi-Tech 3
months ended
1/31/14 (2)
   
Pro Forma
 Adjustments
(Note 3)
         
Pro Forma
Combined
 
Revenues
  $ 90,622     $ 59,902     $               $ 150,524  
Cost of sales (exclusive of amortization of
       intangibles included below)
    40,966       27,962     1,605    
( k )
 
      70,533  
GROSS PROFIT
    49,656       31,940      (1,605             79,991  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    16,586       14,212       (1,047  
( l )
      29,751  
Acquisition-related costs
    454       -       (372 )  
( m )
      82  
Research and development expenses
    4,419       4,449                       8,868  
Amortization of intangibles
    4,757       1,651       3,907    
( n )
      10,315  
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
    26,216       20,312       2,487               49,015  
OPERATING INCOME
    23,440       11,628       (4,092 )             30,976  
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    (6,154 )     -       (481 )  
( o )
      (6,635 )
Interest expense, net
    (2,161 )     440       (2,933 )  
( p )
      (4,654 )
Other non-operating income (expense), net
    567       243                       810  
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES BEFORE NON-RECURRING
      CHARGES DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE TRANSACTION
    15,692       12,311       (7,507 )             20,496  
Income tax provision (benefit)
    5,864       3,960       (2,240 )  
( q )
      7,584  
COMBINED INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE NON-RECURRING CHARGES
      DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE TRANSACTION
  $ 9,828     $ 8,351     $ (5,266 )           $ 12,913  
COMBINED INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE NON-RECURRING CHARGES
      DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE TRANSACTION PER SHARE:
                                       
BASIC
                                  $ 0.13  
DILUTED
                                  $ 0.11  
SHARES USED IN COMPUTING COMBINED INCOME (LOSS)
      BEFORE NON-RECURRING CHARGES DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE
      TO THE TRANSACTION:
                                       
BASIC
                                    96,633  
DILUTED
                                    116,884  
 
 
(2)  
The three month period ended January 31, 2014 was also included in the pro forma income statement for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 
 

 

AKORN, INC.
NOTES TO PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)

(1)
 
Description of Transaction
     
   
On April 17th, 2014, Akorn completed its merger of Hi-Tech in a transaction accounted for under the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. Under the purchase method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Hi-Tech are recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values, and combined with those of Akorn. The preliminary reported condensed combined financial condition and results of operations of Akorn after completion of the acquisition will reflect these fair values. Hi-Tech’s results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
     
   
Akorn paid a total purchase price of $649,558 to acquire all of the outstanding Hi-Tech common shares, stock options, and payments for key executives upon change-in-control. Each Hi-Tech stockholder received $43.50 per share; please see Note (2).
 
 
 

 

AKORN, INC.
NOTES TO PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
(2)
Consideration and fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities
 
 
Total consideration is summarized as follows:

       
Amount of cash paid to Hi-Tech Stockholders
  $ 604,949  
Amount of cash paid to vested Hi-Tech option holders
    40,508  
Amount of cash paid to key executives upon change-in-control
    4,101  
Total consideration
  $ 649,558  
 
 
For purposes of this pro forma analysis, the above consideration has been allocated using Hi-Tech's historical balances as of January 31, 2014 based on an estimate of the preliminary fair valuation of acquired assets and assumed liabilities in connection with the acquisition.
 
       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 86,447  
Accounts receivable
    70,889  
Inventory
    53,446  
Current deferred tax assets
    9,177  
Other current assets
    10,388  
Intangible assets (i)
    340,759  
In-process research and development (IPR&D) (ii)
    9,400  
Property, plant and equipment
    46,061  
Non-current deferred tax assets
    3,339  
Other non-current assets
    274  
     Fair value of assets acquired
  $ 630,180  
Current liabilities assumed
    29,503  
Non-current liabilities assumed
    122,426  
     Fair value of liabilities assumed
  $ 151,929  
Goodwill (iii)
    171,307  
     Net fair value of assets acquired
  $ 649,558  
 
 
(i) 
The preliminary fair value of the acquired identifiable intangible assets consists primarily of developed product rights for the following currently marketed products: Fluticasone, Guiatussin AC, and other commercialized generic and branded products, and was derived using the multi-period excess-earnings method, a form of the income approach, as determined by a valuation from an independent third-party valuation firm. The weighted average amortization period for these assets, in total, is approximately 15.7 years.
 
 
(ii) 
In-process research and development, or IPR&D, represents compounds under development by Hi-Tech at the date of acquisition that had not yet achieved regulatory approval for marketing in certain markets. The $9,400 estimated fair value of these intangible assets was derived using the multi-period excess-earnings method, a form of the income approach, as determined by a valuation from an independent third-party valuation firm.
 
 
(iii) 
The excess of purchase price over fair value amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents the goodwill amount resulting from the acquisition. The amount allocated to goodwill is preliminary and subject to change, depending on the results of the final fair valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition of Hi-Tech has been recorded on the unaudited condensed combined Balance Sheet and will not be amortized, but is subject to review for impairment in accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.”
 
 
 

 
 
AKORN, INC.
NOTES TO PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
(3)
Description of Pro Forma Adjustments, as presented on the March 31, 2014 Balance Sheet
 
 
( a ) 
Cash and cash equivalents -  cash acquired and utilized in the acquisition was as follows:
 
       
Cash received by Akorn through term loan financing, net of fees
  $ 586,369  
Amount of cash paid to Hi-Tech stockholders
    (649,558 )
Acquisition-related costs incurred (iv)
    (14,498 )
Total cash and cash equivalents
  $ (77,687 )
 
 
  (iv) 
To reflect acquisition-related transaction costs (including advisory, legal and valuation fees) incurred after March 31, 2014. These amounts are expensed as incurred. Because the acquisition-related costs will not have a continuing impact, these costs are not reflected in the unaudited pro forma statement of operations.
 
 
( b ) 
Inventories - acquired inventory from Hi-Tech was increased by $6,738 to reflect its estimated fair value based on a preliminary valuation analysis. The fair value step-up of inventory will result in a decrease in gross margin as the inventory is sold following the merger.
 
 
( c ) 
Property, Plant and Equipment - acquired property, plant and equipment from Hi-Tech was increased by $10,936 to reflect its estimated fair value based on a preliminary valuation analysis.
 
 
( d ) 
Goodwill – adjusted to eliminate goodwill recorded in the historical financial statements of Hi-Tech at January 31, 2014, as follows, and record the preliminary fair value of goodwill resulting from the pro forma fair valuation of acquired assets, net, as if the acquisition had occurred using pro forma balances. Goodwill resulting from the acquisition is not amortized, and will be assessed for impairment at least annually.
 
       
Goodwill
  $ 171,307  
Less: Historic Goodwill
    545  
Total net pro forma adjustment
  $ 170,762  
 
 
 

 
 
AKORN, INC.
NOTES TO PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
( e ) 
Product licensing rights and other intangibles - represents the preliminary fair valuation of identifiable intangible assets as compared to the carrying amount of intangible assets on Hi-Tech's balance sheet at January 31, 2014, as follows:
 
       
Product licensing rights, net
  $ 334,959  
Less: Historic product licensing rights, net
    (37,306 )
Total net pro forma adjustment
  $ 297,653  
 
 
       
Other intangibles, net (v)
  $ 15,200  
Less: Historic other intangibles, net
    (477 )
Total net pro forma adjustment
  $ 14,723  
 
 
  (v) 
Other intangibles, net is further allocated as follows:
 
       
Trademarks / trade names
  $ 5,500  
In-Process R&D
    9,400  
Royalties
    300  
Other intangibles, net
  $ 15,200  
 
 
( f ) 
Deferred financing costs - to adjust for the accrual and capitalization of an estimated $13,631 in financing costs related to the debt incurred in connection with the transaction. The newly incurred financing costs will be amortized over the life of the borrowing using the effective interest method. 

 
( g ) 
Contingent consideration - assumed contingent consideration from Hi-Tech was increased to reflect its estimated fair value based on a revised valuation analysis. The purchase consideration payable relates to a prior acquisition of Hi-Tech adjusted for fair value.

 
( h ) 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities - to record the deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the book and tax differences between identifiable tangible and intangible assets, based on Akorn’s condensed combined effective income tax rate.  The increase in deferred tax liabilities reflects the fact that the step-up in value of the Hi-Tech intangible assets will not result in future tax-deductible expenses to Akorn, while the increase in deferred tax assets reflects the estimated deductability of acquisition related costs incurred.

 
( i ) 
Debt - completion of the Hi-Tech acquisition required cash payments in excess of the sum of the Company’s cash reserves as of January 1, 2013, the acquisition date assumed in the period presented. The Company entered into $600,000 of outstanding debt obligations in the form of a term loan maturing seven (7) years from the date of issuance. Interest will accrue based, at the Company’s election, on an adjusted prime/federal funds rate (“ABR Loan”) or an adjusted LIBOR (“Eurodollar Loan”) rate, plus a margin of 2.50% for ABR Loans, and 3.50% for Eurodollar Loans.  Each such margin will decrease by 0.25% in the event Akorn’s senior debt to EBITDA ratio for any quarter falls to 2.25:1.00 or below.  During an event of default, as defined in the Term Loan Agreement, any interest rate will be increased by 2.00% per annum.  Per the Term Loan Agreement, the interest rate on LIBOR loans cannot fall below 4.50%.
 
 
 

 
 
AKORN, INC.
NOTES TO PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
( j ) 
Equity - reflects adjustments to eliminate Hi-Tech’s historical shareholders’ equity and to reflect Hi-Tech acquisition related costs incurred by the Company subsequent to March 31, 2014 of $12,336, net of tax. These amounts are expensed as incurred. As the acquisition-related costs will not have a continuing impact, these costs are not reflected in the unaudited pro forma statement of operations.
 
 
 

 
 
AKORN, INC.
NOTES TO PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
(3)
Description of Pro Forma Adjustments, as presented on the December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2014 Statements of Operation
 
 
(k ) 
Cost of sales - To record the estimated step-up of Hi-Tech's inventory from book value to fair value and to record Hi-Tech freight-out expense within cost of sales consistent with condensed combined operations. The fair value step-up of inventory will result in a $6,738 increase in cost of sales as the inventory is sold following the merger.
 
 
( l ) 
Selling, General and Administrative expense - To record pro forma depreciation expense of $1,701 and $5,102 in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the 3 months ended March 31, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013, respectively, related to the step-up in fair value of Hi-Tech's tangible fixed assets. Hi-Tech had historic depreciation expense of $1,143 and $4,567 for the three months ended January 31, 2014 and the twelve month periods ended January 31, 2014, respectively and to record Hi-Tech freight-out expense within cost of sales consistent with condensed combined operations.
 
 
( m) 
Acquisition related expense - Represents reversal of the acquisition related costs incurred by Akorn and Hi-Tech included in the historic financial statements for the periods presented which are directly attributable to the merger, as these costs would have been incurred prior to the period covered by the unaudited pro-forma condensed combined statements of operations presented herein.
 
 
( n) 
Amortization expense - To record pro forma amortization expense of $5,558 and $22,230 in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the 3 months ended March 31, 2014 and the year ended December 31, 2013, respectively, on the portion of the purchase price allocated to intangible assets. Hi-Tech had historic amortization of intangible assets of $1,651 and $6,566 for the three months ended January 31, 2014 and the twelve month periods ended January 31, 2014, respectively. Pro forma amortization is calculated as follows:
 
                 
Estimated Amortization (vi)
 
     
Preliminary
Fair Value
   
Estimated
Useful Life
   
For the 3 months
 ended March 31, 2014
   
For the 12 months ended
December 31, 2013
 
Product licensing rights, net
  $ 334,959     15.7     $ 5,330     $ 21,319  
 
Trademarks / Trade Names
    5,500     9.0       153       611  
 
IPR&D
    9,400    
N/A (vii)
      -       -  
 
Royalties
    300     1.0       75       300  
      $ 350,159           $ 5,558     $ 22,230  
 
 
  (vi) 
Amortization expense has been calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life.
 
 
  (vii)
IPR&D is indefinite lived in accordance with ASC 805.
 
 
( o ) 
Amortization of deferred financing costs - represents costs related to the amortization of capitalized debt financing costs resulting from the transaction using the effective interest method.
 
 
 

 
 
AKORN, INC.
NOTES TO PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
( p ) 
Interest expense, net - represents the effect of the increased interest expense resulting from the debt obligation, partially offset by ticking fees incurred by Akorn in the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 of $58 and the 3 months ended March 31, 2014 of $3,967, which would not have been incurred had the acquisition occurred as of January 1, 2013, the acquisition date assumed in the attached unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of income. A 1/8% variance in interest rates would impact net income by approximately $192 for the quarter ended March 31, 2014, and $750 for the year ended December 31, 2013.
 
   
For the 3 months
ended March 31, 2014
   
For the 12 months ended
December 31, 2013
 
Interest expense (Term Loan) (viii)
  $ 6,900     $ 27,000  
 
 
  (viii)   
Calculated as the outstanding principal multiplied by the expected interest rate of 4.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2013.
 
 
( q ) 
Income tax expense - We have estimated the income tax provision that would have been required by Akorn had the Hi-Tech Acquisition taken place on January 1, 2013 based on the pro forma adjustments made and based on Akorn’s condensed and combined effective income tax rate of 37.0%.