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Exhibit 3.1
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
SCIO DIAMOND TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
(the “Corporation”)
ARTICLE I: MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1 - Annual Meetings
The annual meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation shall be held at the time fixed, from time to time, by the Board of Directors.
Section 2 - Special Meetings
Special meetings of the shareholders may be called by the Board of Directors or such person or persons authorized by the Board of Directors.
Section 3 - Place of Meetings
Meetings of shareholders shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation, or at such other places, within or without the State of Nevada as the Board of Directors may from time to time fix.
Section 4 - Notice of Meetings
Whenever shareholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a notice of the meeting shall be given that shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for shareholders entitled to notice of the meeting) and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the notice of any meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting as of the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to notice of the meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the shareholder at such shareholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. Accidental omission to give notice of a meeting to, or the non-receipt of notice of a meeting by, a shareholder will not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.
Section 5 - Action Without a Meeting
Unless otherwise provided by law, no action shall be taken by the shareholders except at an
annual or special meeting of shareholders called and noticed in the manner required by these Bylaws. The shareholders may not take action by written consent unless approved in advance by the Board of Directors.
Section 6 - Adjournments
Any meeting of shareholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for determination of shareholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix as the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of shareholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each shareholder of record as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.
Section 7 - Quorum
a) No business, other than the election of the chairman or the adjournment of the meeting, will be transacted at an annual or special meeting unless a quorum of shareholders, entitled to attend and vote, is present at the commencement of the meeting, but the quorum need not be present throughout the meeting.
b) Except as otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, at each meeting of shareholders the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at the meeting shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum, the shareholders so present may, by a majority in voting power thereof, adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Article I—Section 6 of these Bylaws until a quorum shall attend. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation to vote stock, including but not limited to its own stock, held by it in a fiduciary capacity.
c) If within half an hour from the time appointed for an annual or special meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting shall stand adjourned to a day, time and place as determined by the chairman of the meeting.
Section 8 - Voting
Subject to a special voting rights or restrictions attached to a class of shares and except as otherwise provided by or pursuant to the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation, each shareholder entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders shall be entitled to one vote for each
share of stock in his or her own name on the books of the Corporation, whether represented in person or by proxy.
Section 9 - Motions
No motion proposed at an annual or special meeting need be seconded.
Section 10 - Equality of Votes
In the case of an equality of votes, the chairman of the meeting at which the vote takes place is not entitled to have a casting vote in addition to the vote or votes to which he may be entitled as a shareholder of proxyholder.
Section 11 - Dispute as to Entitlement to Vote
In a dispute as to the admission or rejection of a vote at an annual or special meeting, the decision of the chairman made in good faith is conclusive.
Section 12 - Proxy
a) Each shareholder entitled to vote at an annual or special meeting may do so either in person or by proxy. A form of proxy must be in writing under the hand of the appointor or of his or her attorney duly authorized in writing, or, if the appointor is a corporation, either under the seal of the corporation or under the hand of a duly authorized officer or attorney. A proxyholder need not be a shareholder of the Corporation. No such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
b) A proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A shareholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by delivering to the Secretary of the Corporation a revocation of the proxy or a new proxy bearing a later date. Voting at meetings of shareholders need not be by written ballot. At all meetings of shareholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present a plurality of the votes cast shall be sufficient to elect. All other elections and questions presented to the shareholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall, unless otherwise provided by the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, or applicable law or pursuant to any regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, be decided by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of stock of the Corporation which are present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon.
c) A form of proxy and the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which it is signed or a facsimiled copy thereof must be deposited at the registered office of the Corporation or at such other place as is specified for that purpose in the notice convening the meeting. In addition to any other method of depositing proxies provided for in these Bylaws, the Directors may from time to time by resolution make regulations relating to
the depositing of proxies at a place or places and fixing the time or times for depositing the proxies not exceeding 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays) preceding the meeting or adjourned meeting specified in the notice calling a meeting of shareholders.
Section 13 - Organization
Meetings of shareholders shall be presided over by the Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence by the Vice Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence by the President, or in his or her absence by a Vice President, or in the absence of the foregoing persons by a chairperson designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairperson chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 14 - Fixing Date for Determination of Shareholders of Record
a) In order that the Corporation may determine the shareholders entitled to notice of any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of shareholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for shareholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of shareholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.
b) In order that the Corporation may determine the shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such other action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining shareholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
c) Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation, in order that the Corporation
may determine the shareholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If no record date for determining shareholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting is fixed by the Board of Directors, (i) when no prior action of the Board of Directors is required by law, the record date for such purpose shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, and (ii) if prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, the record date for such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
Section 15 - List of Shareholders Entitled to Vote
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of shareholders, a complete list of the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting (provided, however, if the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the shareholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each shareholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each shareholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any shareholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of meeting or (ii) during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then a list of shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be examined by any shareholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any shareholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the shareholders entitled to examine the list of shareholders required by this Section 15 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of shareholders.
Section 16 - Inspectors of Election
The Corporation may, and shall if required by law, in advance of any meeting of shareholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Corporation, to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof and to make a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. In the event that no inspector so appointed or designated is able to act at a meeting of shareholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath to execute faithfully the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspector or inspectors so appointed or designated
shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine the shares of capital stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count of all votes and ballots. Such certification and report shall specify such other information as may be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of shareholders of the Corporation, the inspectors may consider such information as is permitted by applicable law. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election.
Section 17 - Conduct of Meetings
The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the shareholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of shareholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the person presiding over any meeting of shareholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the presiding person of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the presiding person of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The presiding person at any meeting of shareholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such presiding person should so determine, such presiding person shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the person presiding over the meeting, meetings of shareholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
Section 18 - Director Nominations and Business Conducted at Meetings of Shareholders
Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the shareholders may be made at an annual meeting of shareholders (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or the chairman of the board or (ii) by any shareholder of the Corporation who is entitled to vote on such matter at the meeting, who complied with the notice procedures set forth in Article I—Section 19 of these Bylaws and who was a shareholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the secretary of the Corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of shareholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or the chairman of the board or (ii) by any shareholder of the Corporation who is entitled to vote on such matter at the meeting, who complied with the notice procedures set forth in Article I—Section 19 of these Bylaws and who was a shareholder of record at the time such notice is delivered to the secretary of the Corporation.
Section 19 - Advance Notice of Director Nominations and Shareholder Proposals by Shareholders
a) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder and for nominations to be properly brought before a special meeting by a shareholder in each case pursuant to Article I—Section 18, the shareholder of record must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the Corporation, and, in the case of business other than nominations, such other business must be a proper matter for shareholder action. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 70 days after such anniversary date, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement (as defined below) of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a shareholder’s notice as described above. The notice must be provided by a shareholder of record and must set forth:
(i) as to each person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected;
(ii) as to any other business that the shareholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any substantial interest (within the meaning of Item 5 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) in such business of such shareholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made;
(iii) as to the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made or the business is proposed: (A) the name and address of such shareholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and the name and address of such beneficial owner, (B) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned of record by such shareholder and such beneficial owner as of the date of the notice, and a representation that the shareholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record by the shareholder and such beneficial owner as of the record date for the meeting, and (C) a representation that the shareholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such nomination or business;
(iv) as to the shareholder giving the notice or, if the notice is given on behalf of a beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made or the business is proposed, as to such beneficial owner, and if such shareholder or beneficial owner is an entity, as to each director, executive, managing member or control person of such entity (any such person, a “control person”): (A) the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned (as defined below) by such shareholder or beneficial owner and by any control person as of the date of the notice, and a representation that the shareholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of the class and number of shares of stock of the Corporation beneficially owned by such shareholder or beneficial owner and by any control person as of the record date for the meeting, (B) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the nomination or other business between or among such shareholder or beneficial owner or control person and any other person, including without limitation any agreements that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable to the shareholder, beneficial owner or control person) and a representation that the shareholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting, (C) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the shareholder’s notice by, or on behalf of,
such shareholder or beneficial owner and by any control person or any other person acting in concert with any of the foregoing, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from changes in the share price of any class of the Corporation’s stock, or maintain, increase or decrease the voting power of the shareholder or beneficial owner with respect to shares of stock of the Corporation, and a representation that the shareholder will notify the Corporation in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting, (D) a representation whether the shareholder or the beneficial owner, if any, and any control person will engage in a solicitation with respect to the nomination or business and, if so, the name of each participant (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) in such solicitation and whether such person intends or is part of a group which intends to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the business to be proposed (in person or by proxy) by the shareholder; and
(v) a certification that the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner(s), if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made or the business is proposed, has or have complied with all applicable federal, state and other legal requirements in connection with such shareholder’s and/or each such beneficial owner’s acquisition of shares of capital stock or other securities of the Corporation and/or such shareholder’s and/or each such beneficial owner’s acts or omissions as a shareholder of the Corporation, including, without limitation, in connection with such nomination or proposal.
b) The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation, including information relevant to a determination whether such proposed nominee can be considered an independent director.
c) For purposes of Section 19(a), a “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. For purposes of clause (a)(iv)(A) of this Section 19, shares shall be treated as “beneficially owned” by a person if the person beneficially owns such shares, directly or indirectly, for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Regulations 13D and 13G thereunder or has or shares pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing): (i) the right to acquire such shares (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time or the fulfillment of a condition or both), (ii) the right to vote such shares, alone or in concert with others and/or (iii) investment power with respect to such shares, including the power to dispose of, or to direct the disposition of, such shares.
d) This Section 19 shall not apply to notice of a proposal to be made by a shareholder if the shareholder has notified the Corporation of his or her intention to present the proposal at an annual or special meeting only pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and such proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such meeting.
e) If the shareholder does not provide the information required under clause (a)(iii)(B) and clauses (a)(iv)(A)(C) of this Section 19 to the Corporation within the time frames specified herein, or if the shareholder (or a qualified representative of the shareholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether notice of a nomination or of any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was properly made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 19. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions hereof, a shareholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth herein.
ARTICLE II: BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1 - Number, Term, Election and Qualifications
a) The Board of Directors shall consist of one or more members, the number thereof to be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be shareholders.
b) The first Board of Directors shall hold office until the first annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified or until there is a decrease in the number of directors. At the first annual meeting of shareholders and at each annual meeting thereafter, the shareholders shall elect directors each of whom shall hold office for a term of one year or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, subject to such director’s earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon notice to the Corporation.
c) Unless otherwise provided by law or the Articles of Incorporation, any newly created directorship or any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors for any cause may be filled by a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors, although such majority is less than a quorum, and each director so elected shall hold office until the expiration of the term of office of the director whom he or she has replaced or until his or her successor is elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent directors.
d) Between successive annual meetings, the Directors have the power to appoint one or more additional Directors. A Director so appointed holds office only until the next following annual meeting of the Corporation, but is eligible for election at that meeting. So long as he or she is an additional Director, the number of Directors will be increased
accordingly.
Section 2 - Duties, Powers and Remuneration
a) The Board of Directors shall be responsible for the control and management of the business and affairs, property and interests of the Corporation, and may exercise all powers of the Corporation, except for those powers conferred upon or reserved for the shareholders or any other persons as required under Nevada state law, the Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation or by these Bylaws.
b) Directors shall be entitled to such compensation for their services as may be approved by the Board of Directors, including, if so approved, by resolution of the Board of Directors, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors and at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 3 - Meetings of Directors
a) Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such places within or without the State of Nevada and at such times as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
b) Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time or place within or without the State of Nevada whenever called by the President, any Vice President, the Secretary, or by any member of the Board of Directors. Notice of a special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be given by the person or persons calling the meeting at least twenty-four hours before the special meeting.
c) The President of the Corporation shall preside as chairman at every meeting of the Directors, or if the President is not present or is willing to act as chairman, the Directors present shall choose one of their number to be chairman of the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
d) The Directors may meet together for the dispatch of business, and adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings as they think fit. Questions arising at a meeting must be decided by a majority of votes. In case of an equality of votes the chairman does not have a second or casting vote. Meetings of the Board held at regular intervals may be held at the place and time upon the notice (if any) as the Board may by resolution from time to time determine.
e) A Director may participate in a meeting of the Board or of a committee of the Directors using conference telephones or other communications facilities by which all Directors participating in the meeting can hear each other and provided that all such Directors agree to such participation. A Director participating in a meeting in accordance with this Bylaw is deemed to be present at the meeting and to have so agreed. Such Director will
be counted in the quorum and entitled to speak and vote at the meeting.
f) A Director may, and the Secretary on request of a Director shall, call a meeting of the Board. Reasonable notice of the meeting specifying the place, day and hour of the meeting must be given by mail, postage prepaid, addressed to each of the Directors and alternate Directors at his or her address as it appears on the books of the Corporation or by leaving it at his or her usual business or residential address or by telephone, facsimile or other method of transmitting legibly recorded messages. It is not necessary to give notice of a meeting of Directors to a Director immediately following a shareholder meeting at which the Director has been elected, or is the meeting of Directors at which the Director is appointed.
g) A Director of the Corporation may file with the Secretary a document executed by him waiving notice of a past, present or future meeting or meetings of the Directors being, or required to have been, sent to him and may at any time withdraw the waiver with respect to meetings held thereafter. After filing such waiver with respect to future meetings and until the waiver is withdrawn no notice of a meeting of Directors need be given to the Director. All meetings of the Directors so held will be deemed not to be improperly called or constituted by reason of notice not having been given to the Director.
h) At all meetings of the Board of Directors the directors entitled to cast a majority of the votes of the whole Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except in cases in which the Articles of Incorporation, these Bylaws or applicable law otherwise provides, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.
i) The continuing Directors may act notwithstanding a vacancy in their body but, if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed pursuant to these Bylaws as the necessary quorum of Directors, the continuing Directors may act for the purpose of increasing the number of Directors to that number, or of summoning a shareholder meeting of the Corporation, but for no other purpose.
j) All acts done by a meeting of the Directors, a committee of Directors, or a person acting as a Director, will, notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the qualification, election or appointment of the Directors, shareholders of the committee or person acting as a Director, or that any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if the person had been duly elected or appointed and was qualified to be a Director.
k) Unless otherwise restricted by the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee in accordance with applicable law. A resolution consented to in writing, whether by facsimile or other method of
transmitting legibly recorded messages, by all of the Directors is as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Directors duly called and held. A resolution may be in two or more counterparts which together are deemed to constitute one resolution in writing. A resolution must be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the directors and is effective on the date stated on it or on the latest date stated on a counterpart.
l) All Directors of the Corporation shall have equal voting power.
Section 4 - Removal
One or more or all the Directors of the Corporation may be removed with or without cause at any time by a vote of two-thirds of the shareholders entitled to vote thereon, at a special meeting of the shareholders called for that purpose.
Section 5 - Committees
a) The Directors may from time to time by resolution designate from among its members one or more committees, and alternate members thereof, as they deem desirable, each consisting of one or more members, with such powers and authority (to the extent permitted by law and these Bylaws) as may be provided in such resolution. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Unless the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws state otherwise, the Board of Directors may appoint natural persons who are not Directors to serve on such committees authorized herein. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and unless otherwise stated by law, the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation or these Bylaws, shall be governed by the rules and regulations stated herein regarding the Board of Directors. Any such committee, to the extent permitted by law and to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it.
b) Each Committee shall keep regular minutes of its transactions, shall cause them to be recorded in the books kept for that purpose, and shall report them to the Board at such times as the Board may from time to time require. The Board has the power at any time to revoke or override the authority given to or acts done by any Committee.
c) Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides, each committee designated by the Board of Directors may make, alter and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article II of these Bylaws.
ARTICLE III: OFFICERS
Section 1 - Number, Qualification, Election and Term of Office
a) The Corporation’s officers shall have such titles and duties as shall be stated in these Bylaws or in a resolution of the Board of Directors which is not inconsistent with these Bylaws. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a president, secretary, treasurer, and also may have one or more vice presidents, assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time deem advisable. Any officer may hold two or more offices in the Corporation, and may or may not also act as a Director.
b) The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors at the regular annual meeting of the Board following the annual meeting of shareholders. The Board of Directors may, if it so determines, choose a Chairperson of the Board and a Vice Chairperson of the Board from among its members.
c) Each officer shall hold office until the annual meeting of the Board of Directors next succeeding his or her election, and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, subject to earlier termination by his or her death, resignation or removal.
d) Any number of offices may be held by the same person. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting.
Section 2 - Resignation
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice of such resignation to the Corporation.
Section 3 - Removal
Any officer appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed by a majority vote of the Board, either with or without cause, and a successor appointed by the Board at any time, and any officer or assistant officer, if appointed by another officer, may likewise be removed by such officer. Removal of an officer shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights of such officer, if any, with the Corporation.
Section 4 - Remuneration
The remuneration of the Officers of the Corporation may from time to time be determined by the Directors or, if the Directors decide, by the shareholders.
Section 5 - Conflict of Interest
Each officer of the Corporation who holds another office or possesses property whereby, whether directly or indirectly, duties or interests might be created in conflict with his or her duties or interests as an officer of the Corporation shall, in writing, disclose to the President the fact and
the nature, character and extent of the conflict.
Section 6 - Powers and Duties of Officers
The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties in the management of the Corporation as may be prescribed in a resolution by the Board of Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the control of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may require any officer, agent or employee to give security for the faithful performance of his or her duties.
Section 7 - Appointing Attorneys and Agents; Voting Securities of Other Entities
Unless otherwise provided by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Chairperson of the Board, the President or any Vice President may from time to time appoint an attorney or attorneys or agent or agents of the Corporation, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to cast the votes which the Corporation may be entitled to cast as the holder of stock or other securities in any other Corporation or other entity, any of whose stock or other securities may be held by the Corporation, at meetings of the holders of the stock or other securities of such other corporation or other entity, or to consent in writing, in the name of the Corporation as such holder, to any action by such other corporation or other entity, and may instruct the person or persons so appointed as to the manner of casting such votes or giving such consents, and may execute or cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and under its corporate seal or otherwise, all such written proxies or other instruments as he or she may deem necessary or proper. Any of the rights set forth in this Section 7 which may be delegated to an attorney or agent may also be exercised directly by the Chairperson of the Board, the President or the Vice President.
ARTICLE IV: SHARES OF STOCK
Section 1 - Certificate of Stock
a) The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates or shall be uncertificated shares.
b) Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the Chairperson or Vice Chairperson of the Board of Directors, if any, or the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Corporation certifying the number of shares owned by such holder in the Corporation. Any of or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. Whenever any certificate is countersigned or otherwise authenticated by a transfer agent or transfer clerk, and by a registrar, then a facsimile of the signatures of the officers or agents, the transfer agent or transfer clerk or the registrar of the Corporation may be printed or lithographed upon the certificate in lieu of the actual signatures. If the Corporation uses facsimile signatures of
its officers and agents on its stock certificates, it cannot act as registrar of its own stock, but its transfer agent and registrar may be identical if the institution acting in those dual capacities countersigns or otherwise authenticates any stock certificates in both capacities. If any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon such certificate, shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer at the date of its issue.
c) If the Corporation issued uncertificated shares as provided for in these Bylaws, within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such uncertificated shares, and at least annually thereafter, the Corporation shall send the shareholder a written statement certifying the number of shares owned by such shareholder in the Corporation.
d) Except as otherwise provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of certificates representing shares of the same class and series shall be identical.
e) If a share certificate:
(i) is worn out or defaced, the Directors shall, upon production to them of the certificate and upon such other terms, if any, as they may think fit, order the certificate to be cancelled and issue a new certificate;
(ii) is lost, stolen or destroyed, then upon proof being given to the satisfaction of the Directors and upon and indemnity, if any being given, as the Directors think adequate, the Directors shall issue a new certificate; or
(iii) represents more than one share and the registered owner surrenders it to the Corporation with a written request that the Corporation issue in his or her name two or more certificates, each representing a specified number of shares and in the aggregate representing the same number of shares as the certificate so surrendered, the Corporation shall cancel the certificate so surrendered and issue new certificates in accordance with such request.
Section 2 - Transfers of Shares
a) Transfers or registration of transfers of shares of the Corporation shall be made on the stock transfer books of the Corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by his or her attorney duly authorized by a written power of attorney; and in the case of shares represented by certificates, only after the surrender to the Corporation of the certificates representing such shares with such shares properly endorsed, with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization and other matters as the Corporation may reasonably require, and the payment of all stock transfer taxes due thereon.
b) The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares as the absolute owner thereof for all purposes and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any legal, equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such share or shares on the part of
any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided by law.
Section 3 - Fractional Shares
Notwithstanding anything else in these Bylaws, the Corporation, if the Directors so resolve, will not be required to issue fractional shares in connection with an amalgamation, consolidation, exchange or conversion. At the discretion of the Directors, fractional interests in shares may be rounded to the nearest whole number, with fractions of 1/2 being rounded to the next highest whole number, or may be purchased for cancellation by the Corporation for such consideration as the Directors determine. The Directors may determine the manner in which fractional interests in shares are to be transferred and delivered to the Corporation in exchange for consideration and a determination so made is binding upon all shareholders of the Corporation. In case shareholders having fractional interests in shares fail to deliver them to the Corporation in accordance with a determination made by the Directors, the Corporation may deposit with the Corporation’s Registrar and Transfer Agent a sum sufficient to pay the consideration payable by the Corporation for the fractional interests in shares, such deposit to be set aside in trust for such shareholders. Such setting aside is deemed to be payment to such shareholders for the fractional interests in shares not so delivered which will thereupon not be considered as outstanding and such shareholders will not be considered to be shareholders of the Corporation with respect thereto and will have no right except to receive payment of the money so set aside and deposited upon delivery of the certificates for the shares held prior to the amalgamation, consolidation, exchange or conversion which result in fractional interests in shares.
ARTICLE V: DIVIDENDS
a) Except as otherwise provided by law, dividends may be declared and paid out of any funds available therefor, as often, in such amounts, and at such time or times as the Board of Directors may determine and shares may be issued pro rata and without consideration to the Corporation’s shareholders or to the shareholders of one or more classes or series.
b) Except as otherwise provided by law, shares of one class or series may not be issued as a share dividend to shareholders of another class or series unless such issuance is in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation and:
(i) a majority of the current shareholders of the class or series to be issued approve the issue; or
(ii) there are no outstanding shares of the class or series of shares that are authorized to be issued as a dividend.
ARTICLE VI: BORROWING POWERS
a) The Directors may from time to time on behalf of the Corporation:
(i) borrow money in such manner and amount, on such security, from such sources and upon such terms and conditions as they think fit,
(ii) issue bonds, debentures and other debt obligations either outright or as security for liability or obligation of the Corporation or another person, and
(iii) mortgage, charge, whether by way of specific or floating charge, and give other security on the undertaking, or on the whole or a part of the property and assets of the Corporation (both present and future).
b) A bond, debenture or other debt obligation of the Corporation may be issued at a discount, premium or otherwise, and with a special privilege as to redemption, surrender, drawing, allotment of or conversion into or exchange for shares or other securities, attending and voting at shareholder meetings of the Corporation, appointment of Directors or otherwise, and may by its terms be assignable free from equities between the Corporation and the person to whom it was issued or a subsequent holder thereof, all as the Directors may determine.
ARTICLE VII: FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year end of the Corporation shall be fixed, and shall be subject to change, by the Board of Directors from time to time, subject to applicable law.
ARTICLE VIII: CORPORATE SEAL
The corporate seal, if any, shall be in such form as shall be prescribed and altered, from time to time, by the Board of Directors. The use of a seal or stamp by the Corporation on corporate documents is not necessary and the lack thereof shall not in any way affect the legality of a corporate document.
ARTICLE IX: AMENDMENTS
Section 1 - By Shareholders.
All Bylaws of the Corporation shall be subject to alteration or repeal, and new Bylaws may be made by a majority vote of the shareholders at any annual meeting or special meeting called for that purpose.
Section 2 - By Directors.
The Board of Directors shall have the power to make, adopt, alter, amend and repeal, from time to time, Bylaws of the Corporation.
ARTICLE X: DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST OF DIRECTORS
a) A Director who is, in any way, directly or indirectly interested in an existing or proposed contract or transaction with the Corporation or who holds an office or possesses property whereby, directly or indirectly, a duty or interest might be created to conflict with his or her duty or interest as a Director, shall declare the nature and extent of his or her interest in such contract or transaction or of the conflict with his or her duty and interest as a Director, as the case may be.
b) A Director shall not vote in respect of a contract or transaction with the Corporation in which he is interested and if he does so his or her vote will not be counted, but he will be counted in the quorum present at the meeting at which the vote is taken. The foregoing prohibitions do not apply to:
(i) a contract or transaction relating to a loan to the Corporation, which a Director or a specified corporation or a specified firm in which he has an interest has guaranteed or joined in guaranteeing the repayment of the loan or part of the loan;
(ii) a contract or transaction made or to be made with or for the benefit of a holding corporation or a subsidiary corporation of which a Director is a director or officer;
(iii) a contract by a Director to subscribe for or underwrite shares or debentures to be issued by the Corporation or a subsidiary of the Corporation, or a contract, arrangement or transaction in which a Director is directly or indirectly interested if all the other Directors are also directly or indirectly interested in the contract, arrangement or transaction;
(iv) determining the remuneration of the Directors;
(v) purchasing and maintaining insurance to cover Directors against liability incurred by them as Directors; or
(vi) the indemnification of a Director by the Corporation.
c) A Director may hold an office or place of profit with the Corporation (other than the office of Auditor of the Corporation) in conjunction with his or her office of Director for the period and on the terms (as to remuneration or otherwise) as the Directors may determine. No Director or intended Director will be disqualified by his or her office from contracting with the Corporation either with regard to the tenure of any such other office or place of profit, or as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, and, no contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Corporation in which a Director is interested is liable to be voided by reason thereof.
d) A Director or his or her firm may act in a professional capacity for the Corporation (except as Auditor of the Corporation), and he or his or her firm is entitled to remuneration for professional services as if he were not a Director.
e) A Director may be or become a director or other officer or employee of, or otherwise interested in, a corporation or firm in which the Corporation may be interested as a shareholder or otherwise, and the Director is not accountable to the Corporation for remuneration or other benefits received by him as director, officer or employee of, or from his or her interest in, the other corporation or firm, unless the shareholders otherwise direct.
ARTICLE XI: ANNUAL LIST OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND REGISTERED AGENT
The Corporation shall, within sixty days after the filing of its Articles of Incorporation with the
Secretary of State, and annually thereafter on or before the last day of the month in which the anniversary date of incorporation occurs each year, file with the Secretary of State a list of its president, secretary and treasurer and all of its Directors, along with the post office box or street address, either residence or business, and a designation of its resident agent in the state of Nevada. Such list shall be certified by an officer of the Corporation.
ARTICLE XII: INDEMNITY OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS
Section 1 - Indemnification of Directors and Officers
a) Indemnification of Directors and Officers
(i) For purposes of this Article, (A) “Indemnitee” shall mean each director or officer who was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, or is otherwise involved in, any Proceeding (as hereinafter defined), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent (including, without limitation, as a trustee, fiduciary, administrator or manager) of the Corporation or member, manager or managing member of a predecessor limited liability company or affiliate of such limited liability company or is or was serving in any capacity at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent (including, without limitation, as a trustee, fiduciary administrator, partner, member or manager) of, or in any other capacity for, another corporation or any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, or other enterprise; and (B) “Proceeding” shall mean any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding (including, without limitation, an action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation), whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative.
(ii) Each Indemnitee shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of Nevada, against all expense, liability and loss (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, taxes, penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding; provided that such Indemnitee either is not liable pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.138 or acted in good faith and in a manner such Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any Proceeding that is criminal in nature, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, does not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee is liable pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.138 or did not act in good faith and in a manner in which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or that, with respect to any criminal proceeding he or she had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The Corporation shall not indemnify an Indemnitee for any claim, issue or matter as to which the Indemnitee has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the
Corporation or for any amounts paid in settlement to the Corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the Proceeding was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such amounts as the court deems proper. Except as so ordered by a court and for advancement of expenses pursuant to this Section, indemnification may not be made to or on behalf of an Indemnitee if a final adjudication establishes that his or her acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law and was material to the cause of action. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws, no director or officer may be indemnified for expenses incurred in defending any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding (including without limitation, an action, suit or proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation), whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, that such director or officer incurred in his or her capacity as a shareholder.
(iii) Indemnification pursuant to this Section shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer of the Corporation or member, manager or managing member of a predecessor limited liability company or affiliate of such limited liability company or a director, officer, employee, agent, partner, member, manager or fiduciary of, or to serve in any other capacity for, another corporation or any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, or other enterprise and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators.
(iv) The expenses of Indemnitees must be paid by the Corporation or through insurance purchased and maintained by the Corporation or through other financial arrangements made by the Corporation, as such expenses are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Indemnitee to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation. To the extent that an Indemnitee is successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding, or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Corporation shall indemnify him or her against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred in by him or her in connection with the defense.
b) Indemnification of Employees and Other Persons. The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors and to the extent provided in such action, indemnify employees and other persons as though they were Indemnitees.
c) Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights to indemnification provided in this Article XII shall not be exclusive of any other rights that any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, agreement, vote of shareholders or directors, or otherwise.
d) Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance or make other financial
arrangements on behalf of any Indemnitee for any liability asserted against him or her and liability and expenses incurred by him or her in his or her capacity as a director, officer, employee, member, managing member or agent, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation has the authority to indemnify him or her against such liability and expenses.
e) Other Financial Arrangements. The other financial arrangements which may be made by the Corporation may include the following (i) the creation of a trust fund; (ii) the establishment of a program of self-insurance; (iii) the securing of its obligation of indemnification by granting a security interest or other lien on any assets of the Corporation; and (iv) the establishment of a letter of credit, guarantee or surety. No financial arrangement made pursuant to this subsection may provide protection for a person adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable for intentional misconduct, fraud, or a knowing violation of law, except with respect to advancement of expenses or indemnification ordered by a court.
f) Other Matters Relating to Insurance or Financial Arrangements. Any insurance or other financial arrangement made on behalf of a person pursuant to this Section 1 may be provided by the Corporation or any other person approved by the Board of Directors, even if all or part of the other person’s stock or other securities is owned by the Corporation. In the absence of fraud, (i) the decision of the Board of Directors as to the propriety of the terms and conditions of any insurance or other financial arrangement made pursuant to this Section 1 and the choice of the person to provide the insurance or other financial arrangement is conclusive; and (ii) the insurance or other financial arrangement is not void or voidable and does not subject any director approving it to personal liability for his action; even if a director approving the insurance or other financial arrangement is a beneficiary of the insurance or other financial arrangement.
Section 2 - Amendment. The provisions of this Article XII relating to indemnification shall constitute a contract between the Corporation and each of its directors and officers which may be modified as to any director or officer only with that person’s consent or as specifically provided in this Section 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Bylaws relating to their amendment generally, any repeal or amendment of this Article XII which is adverse to any director or officer shall apply to such director or officer only on a prospective basis, and shall not limit the rights of an Indemnitee to indemnification with respect to any action or failure to act occurring prior to the time of such repeal or amendment. Notwithstanding any other provision of these Bylaws (including, without limitation, Article IX), no repeal or amendment of these Bylaws shall affect any or all of this Article XII so as to limit or reduce the indemnification in any manner unless adopted by (i) the unanimous vote of the directors of the Corporation then serving, or (ii) by the shareholders as set forth in Article IX; provided that no such amendment shall have a retroactive effect inconsistent with the preceding sentence.
ARTICLE XIII: FORUM FOR ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES
To the fullest extent permitted by law, and unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada,
shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the Corporation or on its behalf, (b) any action asserting a claim for breach of any fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s shareholders, (c) any action arising or asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of Nevada Revised Statutes Chapters 78 or 92A or any provision of the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, including, without limitation, any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article XIII.
ARTICLE XIV: MISCELLANEOUS
Section 1 - Manner of Notice. Except as otherwise provided herein or permitted by applicable law, notices to directors and shareholders shall be in writing and delivered personally or mailed to the directors or shareholders at their addresses appearing on the books of the Corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to shareholders, and except as prohibited by applicable law, any notice to shareholders given by the Corporation under any provision of applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to shareholders who share an address if consented to by the shareholders at that address to whom such notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the shareholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any shareholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation, within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send the single notice permitted under this Section 1, shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice. Notice to directors may be given by telecopier, telephone or other means of electronic transmission.
Section 2 - Waiver of Notice of Meetings of Shareholders, Directors and Committees. Any waiver of notice, given by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of the shareholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need be specified in a waiver of notice.
Section 3 - Form of Records. Any records maintained by the Corporation in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of account, and minute books, may be kept on, or by means of, or be in the form of, any information storage device or method, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible paper form within a reasonable time.
Section 4 — Supermajority Approval. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws or the Articles of Incorporation, (1) the sale, transfer and other disposition of substantially all of the Corporation’s properties and (2) a merger or consolidation of the Corporation shall require the approval by an affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of
the Corporation’s issued and outstanding shares. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws or the Articles of Incorporation, the following actions may be taken by the Corporation only upon the approval of two-thirds of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present: (1) any voluntary dissolution or liquidation of the Corporation; (2) the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation and (3) the filing of a voluntary petition of bankruptcy by the Corporation.
Section 5 - Breach of Fiduciary Duty. No director or officer of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or any of its shareholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer involving any act or omission of any such director or officer; provided, however, that the foregoing provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director or officer (i) for acts or omissions which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law, or (ii) the payment of dividends in violation of Section 78.300 of the Nevada Revised Statutes. Any repeal or modification of this Bylaw by the shareholders of the Corporation shall be prospective only, and shall not adversely affect any limitations on the personal liability of a director or officer of the Corporation for acts or omissions prior to such repeal or modification.
Section 6 - Provisions Contrary to Law. Any article, section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause, or phrase of these Bylaws which is contrary to or inconsistent with any applicable provisions of law, shall not apply so long as said provisions of law shall remain in effect, but such result shall not affect the validity or applicability of any other portions of these Bylaws.
CERTIFIED TO BE THE BYLAWS OF:
SCIO DIAMOND TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
per: