UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): March 11, 2014

Cleveland BioLabs, Inc.

(Exact Name of Issuer as Specified in Charter)

73 High Street

Buffalo, NY 14203

(Address of Principal Executive Offices and zip code)

(716) 849-6810

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On March 11, 2014, Cleveland BioLabs, Inc. (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing its financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2013. The information in this Item 2.02 of Form 8-K and Exhibit 99.1 attached hereto shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference.

Item 3.01. Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing.

On March 10, 2014, the Company received a deficiency letter from The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”) indicating that, based on the Company’s closing bid price for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company does not comply with the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share, as set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The notification has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has a grace period of 180 calendar days, or until September 8, 2014, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement for continued listing. In order to regain compliance, the minimum closing bid price per share of the Company’s common stock must be at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days. In the event the Company does not regain compliance by September 8, 2014, the Company may be afforded an additional 180-day compliance period, provided it demonstrates that it meets all other applicable standards for initial listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (except the bid price requirement), and provides written notice of its intention to cure the minimum bid price deficiency during the second grace period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. If the Company fails to regain compliance after the second grace period, the Company’s stock will be subject to delisting by NASDAQ.

The Company is considering actions that it may take in response to this notification in order to regain compliance with the continued listing requirements.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

INDEX TO EXHIBITS