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8-K - MODEL N, INC.rrd395486.htm

MODEL N ANNOUNCES FOURTH QUARTER
AND FISCAL YEAR 2013 FINANCIAL RESULTS
Q4 revenues of $27.8 million
Q4 non-GAAP income from operations of $4.0 million

Redwood City, CA (November 19, 2013) – Model N, Inc., (NYSE: MODN), a leading revenue management solutions provider to the life science and technology industries, today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year 2013, which ended September 30, 2013.

“During the quarter, we took the first steps towards addressing our recent sales execution challenges,” said Zack Rinat, Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer at Model N. “We have aligned the company around a number of key strategic initiatives to drive our growth going forward. As part of this process, we were happy to announce the hiring of Chris Larsen, who has assumed the role of SVP and Chief Sales Officer. Under Chris’ leadership, we will look to scale the organization to take advantage of the large opportunity in the Revenue Management market.”

Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2013 Financial Highlights:

·      Total Revenues: Total revenues were $27.8 million, compared to $23.2 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012.
 
·      Gross Profit: Gross profit was $15.6 million, compared to $12.2 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. Non-GAAP gross profit was $16.3 million, compared to $13.0 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012.
 
·      Income from operations: GAAP income from operations was $1.0 million, compared to $0.6 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. Non-GAAP income from operations was $4.0 million, compared to $2.1 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012.
 
·      Net income: GAAP net income was $0.7 million, compared to $0.4 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. GAAP diluted net income per share attributed to common stockholders was $0.03 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 25.9 million, as compared to $0.00 for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 8.0 million.
 
·      Non-GAAP net income: Non-GAAP net income was $3.8 million, as compared to $1.9 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. Non-GAAP diluted net income per share was $0.15 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 25.9 million, as compared to $0.11 for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 18.1 million.
 
·      Adjusted EBITDA: Adjusted EBITDA was $4.5 million, compared to $2.6 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012.
 

Fiscal Year 2013 Financial Highlights:

·      Total Revenues: Total revenues were $101.9 million for fiscal 2013, compared to $84.3 million for fiscal 2012.
 
·      Gross Profit: Gross profit was $55.7 million for fiscal 2013, compared to $43.7 million for fiscal 2012. Non-GAAP gross profit was $57.7 million, compared to $47.7 million for fiscal 2012.
 
·      Income (loss) from operations: GAAP income from operations was $0.5 million for fiscal 2013, compared to a loss from operations of $4.2 million for fiscal 2012. Non-GAAP income from operations was $7.7 million for fiscal 2013, compared to $3.4 million for fiscal 2012.
 
·      Net loss: GAAP net loss was $0.9 million for fiscal 2013, compared to a GAAP net loss of $5.7 million for fiscal 2012. GAAP diluted net loss per share was $0.06 for fiscal 2013 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 16.0 million, as compared to a GAAP diluted net loss per share of $0.73 for fiscal 2012 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 7.8 million.
 
·      Non-GAAP net income: Non-GAAP net income was $7.0 million for fiscal 2013, as compared to a Non-GAAP net income $2.3 million for fiscal 2012. Non-GAAP diluted net income per share was $0.31 for fiscal 2013 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 22.2 million, as compared to a Non-GAAP diluted net income per share of $0.13 for fiscal 2012 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 18.0 million.
 
·      Adjusted EBITDA: Adjusted EBITDA was $9.6 million for fiscal 2013, compared to $5.0 million for fiscal 2012.
 

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures has been provided in the financial statement tables included in this press release. An explanation of these measures, including the reasons management uses each measure, is also included below under the heading "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Guidance:

As of November 19, 2013, we are providing guidance for the first quarter of fiscal 2014 as well as the full fiscal year ending September 30, 2014.

First Quarter Fiscal 2014 Guidance:

·      Total revenues are expected to be in the range from $21.0 million to $21.5 million,
 
·      Non-GAAP loss from operations is expected to be in the range of $2.5 to $3.0 million,
 
·      Non-GAAP net loss per diluted share is expected to be in the range of $0.10 to $0.13 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 24 million shares.
 

Fiscal Year 2014 Guidance:

·      Total revenues are expected to be in the range from $72.0 million to $80.0 million,
 
·      Non-GAAP loss from operations is expected to be in the range of $20 to $24 million,
 
·      Non-GAAP net loss per diluted share is expected to be in the range of $0.80 to $0.96 based upon weighted average shares outstanding of 25 million shares.
 

Quarterly Results Conference Call

Model N will host a conference call today at 2:00 PM Pacific Time (5:00 PM Eastern Time) to review the company’s financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year 2013, which ended September 30, 2013. To access the call, please dial (877) 705-6003 in the U.S. or (201) 493-6725 internationally. Passcode is 10000768. A live webcast of the conference will be accessible from Model N’s website at: http://investor.modeln.com. Following the completion of the call through 11:59 p.m. ET on November 26, 2013, a recording will be available for replay at: http://investor.modeln.com and a telephone replay will be available by dialing (877) 870-5176 in the U.S. or (858) 384-5517 internationally with recording access code 10000768.

About Model N

Model N is the leader in Revenue Management solutions. Model N helps its customers maximize their revenue and reduce revenue compliance risk by managing every dollar that impacts their top line encompassing contracting, pricing, incentives, and rebates. Model N leverages its deep industry expertise to support the unique business needs of Life Sciences and Technology companies in more than 50 countries. Global Customers include: Actavis, Allergan, Amgen, Atmel, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dell, Johnson & Johnson, Linear Technology, Merck, Marvell, Maxim, Micron, Nokia, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, ON Semiconductor, and STMicroelectronics. Learn more at: http://www.modeln.com. Model N is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MODN.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements including, among other things, statements regarding Model N’s first quarter and full year fiscal 2014 revenue projections, future prospects, and market opportunities. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. If the risks materialize or assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the results implied by these forward-looking statements. Risks include, but are not limited to: (i) delays in closing customer contracts; (ii) our ability to resolve our sales execution challenges; (iii) the timing of new orders and the associated revenue recognition; (iv) adverse changes in general economic or market conditions; (v) delays or reductions in information technology spending and resulting variability in customer orders from quarter to quarter; (vi) competitive factors, including but not limited to pricing pressures, industry consolidation, entry of new competitors and new applications and marketing initiatives by our competitors; (vii) our ability to manage our growth effectively; and (viii) acceptance of our applications and services by customers; (ix) success of new products; (x) the risk that the strategic initiatives that we may pursue will not result in significant future revenues; (x) our ability to retain customers. Further information on risks that could affect Model N’s results is included in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our final prospectus, our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q and our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2013 to be filed with the SEC, and any current reports on Form 8-K that we may file from time to time. Should any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could differ materially from expectations. Model N assumes no obligation to, and does not currently intend to, update any such forward-looking statements after the date of this release.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have provided in this release financial information that has not been prepared in accordance with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We use these non-GAAP financial measures internally in analyzing our financial results and believe they are useful to investors, as a supplement to GAAP measures, in evaluating our ongoing operational performance. We believe that the use of these non-GAAP financial measures


provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing our financial results with other companies in our industry, many of which present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors.

Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures below. A reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measures has been provided in the financial statement tables included below in this press release.

Our reported results include certain non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, non-GAAP net income (loss), weighted-average shares outstanding, non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, and adjusted EBITDA. Non-GAAP gross profit excludes stock-based compensation expense, LeapFrogRX compensation charges and amortization of intangible assets. Non-GAAP operating income (loss) and non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude stock-based compensation expense, LeapFrogRX compensation charges, amortization of intangible assets, changes in fair value of preferred stock warrant liability, and restructuring charges as they are often excluded by other companies to help investors understand the operational performance of their business and, in the case of stock-based compensation, can be difficult to predict. In addition, stock-based compensation expense varies from period to period and company to company due to such things as differing valuation methodologies and changes in stock price. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), adjusted for LeapFrogRX compensation charges, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, interest and other (income) expenses, net, and provision for income taxes. Reconciliation tables are provided in this press release.

Investor Relations Contact:
ICR for Model N
Greg Kleiner, 650-610-4998
investorrelations@modeln.com

Media Contact:
Model N
Kristin Dunning, 650-610-4717
Marketing
kdunning@modeln.com


Model N Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
    September 30,    September 30, 
             2013        2012 



Assets                 
Current assets:                 
           Cash and cash equivalents     $    103,350    $    15,768 
           Accounts receivable, net        16,140        12,468 
           Deferred cost of implementation services, current portion        491        1,077 
           Prepaid expenses        3,225        2,246 
           Other current assets        342        552 




                   Total current assets        123,548        32,111 
Property and equipment, net        7,871        4,590 
Goodwill        1,509        1,509 
Intangible assets, net        918        1,248 
Other assets        626        1,140 




                                       Total assets           $    134,472     $    40,598 




Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock and stockholders' equity (deficit)                 
Current liabilities:                 
           Accounts payable           $    468     $    196 
           Accrued employee compensation        13,941        7,650 
           Accrued liabilities        2,848        4,432 
           Deferred revenue, current portion        19,131        29,362 
           Capital lease obligations, current portion        318        555 
           Loan obligations, current portion        -        2,500 




                   Total current liabilities        36,706        44,695 
Long-term liabilities:                 
           Deferred revenue, net of current portion        3,507        2,289 
           Capital lease obligations, net of current portion        -        349 
           Loan obligations, net of current portion        -        2,627 
           Other long-term liabilities        641        1,125 




                   Total long-term liabilities        4,148        6,390 




Total liabilities        40,854        51,085 




 
Convertible preferred stock:        -        41,776 




 
Stockholders' equity (deficit):                 
           Common stock        3        1 
           Preferred stock        -        - 
           Additional paid-in capital        156,032        9,045 
           Accumulated other comprehensive loss        (302)        (120) 
           Accumulated deficit        (62,115)        (61,189) 




                   Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)        93,618        (52,263) 




                                       Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity (deficit)           $    134,472     $    40,598 






Model N Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
        Three months ended        Fiscal years ended 




    September, 30,    September 30,    September 30,    September 30, 
        2013        2012        2013        2012 








Revenues:                                 
       License and implementation                     $    15,772       $    13,541       $    59,134       $    49,756 
       SaaS and maintenance        11,985        9,647        42,770        34,502 








               Total revenues        27,757        23,188        101,904        84,258 
Cost of revenues:                                 
       License and implementation        6,945        6,228        26,832        22,483 
       SaaS and maintenance        5,181        4,773        19,350        18,053 








               Total cost of revenues        12,126        11,001        46,182        40,536 








Gross profit        15,631        12,187        55,722        43,722 








Operating expenses:                                 
       Research and development        4,107        4,214        16,772        17,695 
       Sales and marketing        4,782        4,598        21,144        19,640 
       General and administrative        4,545        2,800        16,063        10,584 
       Restructuring        1,215        -        1,215        - 








               Total operating expenses        14,649        11,612        55,194        47,919 








Income (loss) from operations        982        575        528        (4,197) 
Interest expense, net        31        141        357        655 
Other (income) expenses, net        (6)        (9)        658        540 








Income (loss) before income taxes        957        443        (487)        (5,392) 
Provision for income taxes        209        70        439        301 








Net income (loss)        748        373        (926)        (5,693) 








Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders        748        -        (926)        (5,693) 








Net income (loss) per share attributable to common                                 
stockholders:                                 
               Basic                     $    0.03    $    -       $    (0.06)       $    (0.73) 








               Diluted                     $    0.03    $    -       $    (0.06)       $    (0.73) 








Weighted average number of shares used in computing                                 
net income (loss) per common share                                 
               Basic        22,901        7,995        15,979        7,815 








               Diluted        25,853        7,995        15,979        7,815 










Model N Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(dollars in thousands)
(unaudited)
    Three months ended     Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,         September 30, 


       2013     2012       2013     2012 




Cash flows from operating activities:                 
       Net income (loss)    $ 748    $ 373    $(926)    $(5,693) 
       Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in)                 
       operating activities:                 
               Depreciation    463    443    1,877    1,526 
               Amortization of intangible assets    83    83    330    234 
               Stock-based compensation    1,550    516    4,856    2,521 
               Loss on disposal of property and equipment    17    -    19    - 
               Amortization of debt discount    -    10    81    41 
               Changes in fair value of preferred stock warrant liability    -    (10)    671    345 
               Provision for doubtful accounts    -    48    9    45 
               Deferred income taxes    (48)    35    42    135 
               Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquired assets and liabilities:                 
                   Accounts receivable    4,048    630    (3,719)    936 
                   Prepaid expenses and other current assets    (1,182)    (602)    (3,043)    (852) 
                   Deferred cost of implementation services    620    (39)    925    (314) 
                   Accounts payable    (1,635)    (672)    264    (284) 
                   Accrued employee compensation    3,576    (3,865)    6,275    1,871 
                   Other accrued and long-term liabilities    (371)    2,048    900    2,103 
                   Deferred revenue    (7,599)    (647)    (8,975)    3,109 




Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities    270    (1,649)    (414)    5,723 




Cash flows from investing activities:                 
       Purchases of property and equipment    (581)    (734)    (1,392)    (1,760) 
       Capitalization of software development costs    (1,043)    (625)    (3,741)    (1,145) 
       Purchase of short-term investments    56    -    (7)    - 
       Acquisition of a business    -    -    -    (3,000) 




Net cash used in investing activities    (1,568)    (1,359)    (5,140)    (5,905) 




Cash flows from financing activities:                 
       Proceeds from initial public offering, net of offering costs of $7.6 million    -    -    101,064    - 
       Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options    92    13    860    600 
       Payments for deferred offering costs    (352)    (220)    (2,914)    (220) 
       Principal payments on capital lease obligations    (144)    (118)    (586)    (537) 
       Principal payments on loan    -    (625)    (5,208)    (2,292) 




Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities    (404)    (950)    93,216    (2,449) 




Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents    (26)    23    (80)    (21) 




Net change in cash and cash equivalents    (1,728)    (3,935)    87,582    (2,652) 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period    105,078    19,703    15,768    18,420 




Cash and cash equivalents at end of period    $103,350    $15,768    $103,350    $15,768 






Model N Inc.
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Operating Results
(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Reconciliation from GAAP net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDTA                 
   GAAP net income (loss):    $ 748    $ 373    $(926)    $(5,693) 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation    1,550    516    4,856    2,521 
           Depreciation and amortization    546    526    2,207    1,760 
           Restructuring    1,215    -    1,215    - 
           Interest expense, net    31    141    357    655 
           Other (income) expenses, net    (6)    (9)    658    540 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges    201    940    815    4,873 
           Provision for income taxes    209    70    439    301 




                   Adjusted EBITDA    $4,494    $2,557    $9,621    $4,957 




 
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Reconciliation from GAAP gross profit to non-GAAP gross profit:                 
   GAAP gross profit:    $15,631    $12,187    $55,722    $43,722 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    440    183    1,213    859 
           Amortization of intangible assets (b)    62    61    243    172 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges (c)    138    556    521    2,938 




                   Non-GAAP gross profit    $16,271    $12,987    $57,699    $47,691 




   Percentage of revenue    58.6%    56.0%    56.6%    56.6% 
 
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Reconciliation from GAAP gross profit to non-GAAP gross profit:                 
   for license and implementation:                 
   GAAP gross profit - license and implementation:    $8,827    $7,313    $32,302    $27,273 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    221    91    591    298 




                   Non-GAAP gross profit - license and implementation    $9,048    $7,404    $32,893    $27,571 




   Percentage of revenue    57.4%    54.7%    55.6%    55.4% 
 
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Reconciliation from GAAP gross profit to non-GAAP gross profit:                 
   for SaaS and maintenance:                 
   GAAP gross profit - SaaS and maintenance:    $6,804    $4,874    $23,420    $16,449 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    219    92    622    561 
           Amortization of intangible assets (b)    62    61    243    172 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges (c)    138    556    521    2,938 




                   Non-GAAP gross profit - SaaS and maintenance    $7,223    $5,583    $24,806    $20,120 




   Percentage of revenue    60.3%    57.9%    58.0%    58.3% 
 
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Reconciliation from GAAP research and development to non-GAAP                 
research and development:                 
   GAAP research and development:    $4,107    $4,214    $16,772    $17,695 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    (290)    (71)    (747)    (297) 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges (c)    (3)    (44)    (35)    (137) 




                   Non-GAAP research and development    $3,814    $ 4,099    $15,990    $17,261 






    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Reconciliation from GAAP sales and marketing to non-GAAP sales and                 
marketing:                 
   GAAP sales and marketing:    $4,782    $4,598    $21,144    $19,640 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    (288)    (162)    (1,687)    (1,103) 
           Amortization of intangible assets (b)    (21)    (22)    (86)    (62) 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges (c)    (42)    (211)    (186)    (1,121) 




                   Non-GAAP sales and marketing    $4,431    $4,203    $19,185    $17,354 




 
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




 
Reconciliation from GAAP general and administrative to non-GAAP                 
general and administrative:                 
   GAAP general and administrative:    $4,545    $2,800    $16,063    $10,584 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    (532)    (100)    (1,209)    (262) 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges (c)    (18)    (129)    (73)    (677) 




                   Non-GAAP general and administrative    $3,995    $2,571    $14,781    $9,645 




 
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Reconciliation from GAAP income (loss) from operations to non-                 
GAAP income (loss) from operations:                 
   GAAP income (loss) from operations:    $ 982    $ 575    $ 528    $(4,197) 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    1,550    516    4,856    2,521 
           Amortization of intangible assets (b)    83    83    329    234 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges (c)    201    940    815    4,873 
           Restructuring (e)    1,215    -    1,215    - 




                   Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations    $4,031    $2,114    $7,743    $3,431 




 
    Three months ended    Fiscal years ended 
    September 30,    September 30, 


    2013    2012    2013    2012 




Numerator:                 
Reconciliation between GAAP net income (loss) and non-GAAP net                 
income:                 
   GAAP net income (loss):    $ 748    $ 373    $(926)    $(5,693) 
   Reversal of non-GAAP expenses:                 
           Stock-based compensation (a)    1,550    516    4,856    2,521 
           Amortization of intangible assets (b)    83    83    329    234 
           LeapFrogRx compensation charges (c)    201    940    815    4,873 
           Changes in fair value of preferred stock warrant liability (d)    -    (10)    670    345 
           Restructuring (e)    1,215    -    1,215    - 




                   Non-GAAP net income attributable to Model N Inc. common                 
                   stockholders    $3,797    $1,902    $6,959    $2,280 




Denominator:                 
Reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP weighted average shares                 
used in computing diluted net income (loss) per common share:                 
   Weighted average number of shares used in computing GAAP diluted                 
   net income (loss) per common share    25,853    7,995    15,979    7,815 
   Assuming the conversion of preferred stock at the beginning of each                 
   period    -    7,250    3,377    7,250 
   Effect of dilutive securities (stock options, restricted stock units,                 
   warrants and ESPP) (f)    -    2,859    2,837    2,966 




           Weighted average shares used in computing non-GAAP diluted                 
           net income per common share    25,853    18,104    22,193    18,031 




GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Model N Inc.                 
common stockholders    $0.03    $ -    $(0.06)    $(0.73) 




Non-GAAP diluted net income per share attributable to Model N Inc.                 
common stockholders    $0.15    $0.11    $0.31    $0.13 






Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements presented on a GAAP basis, Model N uses non-GAAP measures of adjusted EBITDA, net loss, weighted average shares outstanding and net loss per share, which are adjusted to exclude LeapFrogRx compensation charges, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charge, amortization of intangible assets and changes in fair value of preferred stock warrant liability and includes dilutive shares where applicable. We believe these adjustments are appropriate to enhance an overall understanding of our past financial performance and also our prospects for the future. These adjustments to our current period GAAP results are made with the intent of providing both management and investors a more complete understanding of Model N’s underlying operating results and trends and our marketplace performance. The non-GAAP results are an indication of our baseline performance that are considered by management for the purpose of making operational decisions. In addition, these non-GAAP results are the primary indicators management uses as a basis for our planning and forecasting of future periods. The presentation of this additional information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating loss, net loss or basic and diluted net loss per share prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Non-GAAP financial measures are not based on a comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and are subject to limitations.

While a large component of our expense in certain periods, we believe investors may want to exclude the effects of these items in order to compare our financial performance with that of other companies and between time periods:

(a)      Stock-based compensation is a non-cash expense accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Stock-based compensation expenses are excluded from our non-GAAP income because stock-based compensation amounts are difficult to forecast due in part to the volume and timing of stock option and restricted stock grants and the volatility of our common stock. We believe that the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense provides for a better comparison of our operation results to prior periods and to our peer companies.
 
(b)      Amortization of intangible assets resulted principally from acquisitions. Intangible asset amortization is a non-cash item. As such, we believe exclusion of these expenses provides for a better comparison of our operation results to prior periods and to our peer companies.
 
(c)      In January 2012, we acquired LeapFrog Rx for initial cash consideration of $3.0 million as well as potential additional payments to former LeapFrogRx shareholders totaling up to $8.3 million which are expected to be incurred through January 2015. These additional payments are, among other things, subject to future continued employment and are therefore considered compensatory in nature and are being recognized as compensation expense (LeapFrogRx compensation charges) over the term of each component. We believe that the exclusion of these expenses provides for a better comparison of our operation results to prior periods and to our peer companies.
 
(d)      Preferred stock warrant was classified as liability and was marked to market in each period until the preferred stock warrant was converted to common stock warrant upon the closing date of IPO. The change in fair value of preferred stock warrant liability was a non-cash item. We believe that the exclusion of this expense provides for a better comparison of our operation results to prior periods and to our peer companies.
 
(e)      On September 30, 2013, the Company recorded a workforce reduction restructuring charge of $1.2 million primarily related to employee separation packages, which included severance pay, benefits continuation and outplacement costs. We believe that the exclusion of this expense provides for a better comparison of our operation results to prior periods and to our peer companies.
 
(f)      These securities are anti-dilutive on a GAAP basis as a result of the Company's net loss, but are considered dilutive on a non-GAAP basis in periods where the Company has reported positive non-GAAP earnings.