Exhibit 99.1

 

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

SALLIE MAE REPORTS SECOND-QUARTER 2013 FINANCIAL RESULTS

Private Education Loan Delinquency and Charge-off Rates Drop to Lowest Levels Since 2008

Asset Sales Contribute to Earnings Per Share Growth

$400 Million Authorized for Common Share Repurchases

NEWARK, Del., July 17, 2013 — Sallie Mae (NASDAQ: SLM), formally SLM Corporation, today released second-quarter 2013 financial results that reflect significant improvements to private education loan portfolio performance and earnings-per-share contributions from previously announced asset sales. During the quarter, private education loan 90-day delinquency and charge-off rates dropped to 3.6 percent and 2.7 percent, respectively, their lowest levels since 2008. The company also announced $400 million in common share repurchase authorization.

“We are pleased with the low delinquency and default results achieved by our customers as the measures confirm the effectiveness of our underwriting standards and servicing solutions,” said Jack Remondi, president and CEO. “Our lending practices help students and families borrow responsibly, and our customized repayment assistance helps borrowers successfully manage their education loans. Both represent our conviction that we succeed only when our customers succeed.”

Mr. Remondi continued, “Much has been publicized about student debt and borrower burdens. Student lending is a very specialized business that, if undertaken properly, can help borrowers capture the economic benefits of a college degree. Our results clearly show that our products, efforts and solutions help our borrowers successfully manage, and not just postpone, their student loan payments better than anyone, and avoid the damaging effects of default.”

For the second-quarter 2013, GAAP net income was $543 million ($1.20 diluted earnings per share), compared with $292 million ($0.59 diluted earnings per share) for the year-ago quarter.

Core earnings for the quarter were $462 million ($1.02 diluted earnings per share), compared with $243 million ($0.49 diluted earnings per share) for the year-ago quarter.

The second-quarter 2013 core diluted earnings per share increase includes a $257 million gain from the sale of residual interests in FFELP loan securitization trusts, a $38 million after-tax gain from the sale of the company’s Campus Solutions business, a $42 million decline in the provision for loan losses, and an increase in net interest income before provision for loan losses of $19 million which more than offset higher operating expenses of $27 million and higher restructuring and other reorganization expenses of $21 million.

Sallie Mae provides core basis earnings because management makes its financial decisions on such measures. The changes in GAAP net income are driven by the same core earnings items discussed above as well as changes in mark-to-market unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts and amortization and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets that are recognized in GAAP, but not in core earnings results. Second-quarter 2013 GAAP results included $143 million of gains from derivative accounting treatment that are excluded from core earnings results. In the year-ago period, these amounts were gains of $82 million.

Consumer Lending

In the consumer lending segment, Sallie Mae originates, finances and services private education loans.

 

 

 

 

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Quarterly core earnings were $107 million compared with $85 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase is primarily the result of a $38 million decrease in the provision for private education loan losses.

Second-quarter 2013 private education loan portfolio results vs. second-quarter 2012 included:

 

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Loan originations of $368 million, up 15 percent.

 

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Delinquencies of 90 days or more of 3.6 percent of loans in repayment, down from 4.5 percent.

 

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Loans in forbearance of 3.5 percent of loans in repayment and forbearance, down from 4.3 percent.

 

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Annualized charge-off rate of 2.7 percent of average loans in repayment, down from 3.1 percent.

 

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Provision for private education loan losses of $187 million, down from $225 million.

 

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Core net interest margin, before loan loss provision, of 4.12 percent, down from 4.14 percent.

 

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The portfolio balance, net of loan loss allowance, totaled $37 billion, a $662 million increase over the year-ago quarter.

Business Services

Sallie Mae’s business services segment includes fees from servicing, collections and college savings businesses.

Business services core earnings were $166 million in second-quarter 2013, compared with $137 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase is primarily due to the $38 million after-tax gain recognized on the business sale mentioned above.

Federally Guaranteed Student Loans (FFELP)

This segment represents earnings from Sallie Mae’s amortizing portfolio of FFELP loans.

Core earnings for the segment were $237 million in second-quarter 2013, compared with the year-ago quarter’s $44 million. The increase was primarily the result of a $257 million gain from the sale of residual interests in FFELP loan securitization trusts.

At June 30, 2013, the company held $108 billion of FFELP loans compared with $133 billion at June 30, 2012. Approximately $12 billion of the $25 billion decline in FFELP loans is a result of the sales of the residual interests in FFELP loan securitization trusts discussed earlier.

Operating Expenses

Second-quarter 2013 operating expenses were $258 million compared with $231 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase is primarily the result of increases in our third-party servicing and collections activities, increased private education loan marketing activities, as well as continued investments in technology.

In addition, there were $24 million and $3 million of expenses reported in “Restructuring and other reorganization expenses” in the second quarter of 2013 and 2012, respectively. For 2013, these consisted of $14 million related to severance and $10 million related to the company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two publicly-traded companies. The $3 million in 2012 relates to restructuring expenses.

Funding and Liquidity

During second-quarter 2013, the company issued $2.5 billion in FFELP asset-backed securities (ABS) and $1.1 billion in private education loan ABS.

Total debt repurchases were $70 million in second-quarter 2013 compared with $85 million in second-quarter 2012.

 

 

 

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In the second quarter, Sallie Mae closed on a new $6.8 billion ABCP borrowing facility, which matures in June 2014, to facilitate the term securitization of FFELP loans. As previously announced, the facility was used in June 2013 to refinance all FFELP loans previously financed through the U.S. Department of Education’s conduit program.

Subsequent to the second-quarter end, the company closed on a $1.1 billion private education loan asset backed commercial paper facility to fund the call and redemption of a 2009 private education loan asset backed securitization trust.

Shareholder Distributions

In second-quarter 2013, Sallie Mae paid a common stock dividend of $0.15 per share.

Sallie Mae repurchased 9 million shares of common stock for $201 million in the second quarter of 2013, or an aggregate of 19 million shares for $400 million in the first half of 2013, fully utilizing the company’s February 2013 share repurchase program authorization. In July 2013, the company authorized $400 million to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program that does not have an expiration date.

Guidance

The company expects 2013 results to be as follows:

 

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Full-year 2013 private education loan originations of at least $4 billion.

 

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Fully diluted 2013 core earnings per share of $2.80 inclusive of the contributions from the $0.44 earnings per share of gains related to FFELP loan securitization trust residual sales and $0.08 earnings per share from the gain from the business sale that have occurred through June 30, 2013.

***

Sallie Mae reports financial results on a GAAP basis and also provides certain core earnings performance measures. The difference between the company’s core earnings and GAAP results for the periods presented were the unrealized, mark-to-market gains/losses on derivative contracts and the goodwill and acquired intangible asset amortization and impairment. These items are recognized in GAAP but not in core earnings results. The company provides core earnings measures because this is what management uses when making management decisions regarding the company’s performance and the allocation of corporate resources. In addition, the company’s equity investors, credit rating agencies and debt capital providers use these core earnings measures to monitor the company’s business performance. See “Core Earnings — Definition and Limitations” for a further discussion and a complete reconciliation between GAAP net income and core earnings. Given the significant variability of valuations of derivative instruments on expected GAAP net income, the company does not provide a GAAP equivalent for its core earnings per share guidance.

Definitions for capitalized terms in this document can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2012 (filed with the SEC on Feb. 26, 2013). Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2012, to be consistent with classifications adopted for 2013, and had no effect on net income, total assets or total liabilities.

***

The company will host an earnings conference call tomorrow, July 18, at 8 a.m. EDT. Sallie Mae executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to the company’s performance. Individuals interested in participating in the call should dial 877-356-5689 (USA and Canada) or dial 706-679-0623 (international) and use access code 11880664 starting at 7:45 a.m. EDT. A live audio webcast of the conference call may be accessed at www.SallieMae.com/investors. A replay of the conference call via the company’s website will be available approximately two hours after the call’s conclusion. A telephone replay may be accessed approximately two hours after the call’s conclusion through Aug. 2, by dialing 855-859-2056 (USA and Canada) or 404-537-3406 (international) with access code 11880664.

Presentation slides for the conference call, as well as additional information about the company’s loan portfolios, operating segments, and other details, may be accessed at www.SallieMae.com/investors under the webcasts tab.

 

 

 

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This press release contains “forward-looking statements” and information based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this release. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the company’s beliefs or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2012 and subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission; increases in financing costs; limits on liquidity; increases in costs associated with compliance with laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards and the impact of related changes in significant accounting estimates; any adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which the company is a party; credit risk associated with the company’s exposure to third parties, including counterparties to the company’s derivative transactions; and changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from new laws and the implementation of existing laws). The company could also be affected by, among other things: changes in its funding costs and availability; reductions to its credit ratings or the credit ratings of the United States of America; failures of its operating systems or infrastructure, including those of third-party vendors; damage to its reputation; failures to successfully implement cost-cutting and adverse effects of such initiatives on its business; risks associated with restructuring initiatives, including the company’s recently announced strategic plan to separate its existing operations into two separate publicly traded companies; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students and their families; changes in law and regulations with respect to the student lending business and financial institutions generally; increased competition from banks and other consumer lenders; the creditworthiness of its customers; changes in the general interest rate environment, including the rate relationships among relevant money-market instruments and those of its earning assets vs. its funding arrangements; changes in general economic conditions; and changes in the demand for debt management services. The preparation of the company’s consolidated financial statements also requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements contained in this release are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this release. The company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to conform the statement to actual results or changes in its expectations.

***

Sallie Mae (NASDAQ: SLM) is the nation’s No. 1 financial services company specializing in education. Celebrating 40 years of making a difference, Sallie Mae continues to turn education dreams into reality for American families, today serving over 25 million customers. With products and services that include 529 college savings plans, Upromise rewards, scholarship search and planning tools, education loans, insurance, and online banking, Sallie Mae offers solutions that help families save, plan, and pay for college. Sallie Mae also provides financial services to hundreds of college campuses as well as to federal and state governments. Learn more at SallieMae.com. Commonly known as Sallie Mae, SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries are not sponsored by or agencies of the United States of America.

Contact:

 

Media:		Patricia Nash Christel, 302-283-4076, patricia.christel@SallieMae.com Martha Holler, 302-283-4036, martha.holler@SallieMae.com
Investors:		Joe Fisher, 302-283-4075, joe.fisher@SallieMae.com Steven McGarry, 302-283-4074, steven.j.mcgarry@SallieMae.com

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Selected Financial Information and Ratios

(Unaudited)

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(In millions, except per share data)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
GAAP Basis
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation		$	543			$	346			$	292			$	889			$	403
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation		$	1.20			$	.74			$	.59			$	1.94			$	.79
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share			448				458				488				453				499
Return on assets			1.35	%			.82	%			.64	%			1.08	%			.44	%
“Core Earnings” Basis(1)
“Core Earnings” attributable to SLM Corporation		$	462			$	283			$	243			$	744			$	527
“Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share attributable to SLM Corporation		$	1.02			$	.61			$	.49			$	1.62			$	1.03
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share			448				458				488				453				499
“Core Earnings” return on assets			1.15	%			.67	%			.53	%			0.90	%			.58	%
Other Operating Statistics
Ending FFELP Loans, net		$	108,491			$	119,195			$	132,833			$	108,491			$	132,833
Ending Private Education Loans, net			37,116				37,465				36,454				37,116				36,454
Ending total student loans, net		$	145,607			$	156,660			$	169,287			$	145,607			$	169,287
Average student loans		$	152,135			$	160,261			$	172,436			$	156,175			$	173,689

 

(1)	“Core Earnings” are non-GAAP financial measures and do not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. For a greater explanation of “Core Earnings,” see the section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” and subsequent sections.

 

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Results of Operations

We present the results of operations below on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. The presentation of our results on a segment basis is not in accordance with GAAP. We have four business segments: Consumer Lending, Business Services, FFELP Loans and Other. Since these segments operate in distinct business environments and we manage and evaluate the financial performance of these segments using non-GAAP financial measures, these segments are presented on a “Core Earnings” basis (see “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations”).

GAAP Statements of Income (Unaudited)

 

														June 30, 2013 vs. March 31, 2013								June 30, 2013 vs. June 30, 2012
		Quarters Ended												Increase (Decrease)								Increase (Decrease)
(In millions, except per share data)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				$				%				$				%
Interest income:
FFELP Loans		$	703			$	735			$	777			$	(32	)			(4	)%		$	(74	)			(10	)%
Private Education Loans			627				623				616				4				1				11				2
Other loans			3				3				4				—				—				(1	)			(25	)
Cash and investments			4				4				6				—				—				(2	)			(33	)
Total interest income			1,337				1,365				1,403				(28	)			(2	)			(66	)			(5	)
Total interest expense			553				569				656				(16	)			(3	)			(103	)			(16	)
Net interest income			784				796				747				(12	)			(2	)			37				5
Less: provisions for loan losses			201				241				243				(40	)			(17	)			(42	)			(17	)
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses			583				555				504				28				5				79				16
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments			251				55				—				196				356				251				100
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net			18				(31	)			6				49				158				12				200
Servicing revenue			89				89				88				—				—				1				1
Contingency revenue			109				99				87				10				10				22				25
Gains on debt repurchases			19				23				20				(4	)			(17	)			(1	)			(5	)
Other income			24				34				(2	)			(10	)			(29	)			26				1,300
Total other income			510				269				199				241				90				311				156
Expenses:
Operating expenses			258				250				231				8				3				27				12
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense			4				4				5				—				—				(1	)			(20	)
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			24				11				3				13				118				21				700
Total expenses			286				265				239				21				8				47				20
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense			807				559				464				248				44				343				74
Income tax expense			300				211				169				89				42				131				78
Net income from continuing operations			507				348				295				159				46				212				72
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)			35				(2	)			(4	)			37				1,850				39				975
Net income			542				346				291				196				57				251				86
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest			(1	)			—				(1	)			(1	)			(100	)			—				—
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation			543				346				292				197				57				251				86
Preferred stock dividends			5				5				5				—				—				—				—
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock		$	538			$	341			$	287			$	197				58	%		$	251				87	%
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:
Continuing operations		$	1.14			$	.76			$	.60			$	.38				50	%		$	.54				90	%
Discontinued operations			.08				—				(.01	)			.08				100				.09				900
Total		$	1.22			$	.76			$	.59			$	.46				61			$	.63				107	%
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:
Continuing operations		$	1.12			$	.74			$	.60			$	.38				51	%		$	.52				87	%
Discontinued operations			.08				—				(.01	)			.08				100				.09				900
Total		$	1.20			$	.74			$	.59			$	.46				62	%		$	.61				103	%
Dividends per common share attributable to SLM Corporation		$	.15			$	.15			$	.125			$	—				0	%		$	.025				20	%

 

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		Six Months Ended June 30,								Increase (Decrease)
(In millions, except per share data)		2013				2012				$				%
Interest income:
FFELP Loans		$	1,439			$	1,619			$	(180	)			(11	)%
Private Education Loans			1,249				1,241				8				1
Other loans			6				9				(3	)			(33	)
Cash and investments			8				8				—				—
Total interest income			2,702				2,877				(175	)			(6	)
Total interest expense			1,123				1,322				(199	)			(15	)
Net interest income			1,579				1,555				24				2
Less: provisions for loan losses			442				496				(54	)			(11	)
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses			1,137				1,059				78				7
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments			307				—				307				100
Losses on derivative and hedging activities, net			(13	)			(366	)			353				(96	)
Servicing revenue			178				178				—				—
Contingency revenue			208				176				32				18
Gains on debt repurchases			42				58				(16	)			(28	)
Other income			58				38				20				53
Total other income			780				84				696				829
Expenses:
Operating expenses			508				482				26				5
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense			7				9				(2	)			(22	)
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			35				7				28				400
Total expenses			550				498				52				10
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense			1,367				645				722				112
Income tax expense			512				237				275				116
Net income from continuing operations			855				408				447				110
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)			33				(6	)			39				650
Net income			888				402				486				121
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest			(1	)			(1	)			—				—
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation			889				403				486				121
Preferred stock dividends			10				10				—				—
Net income attributable to SLM Corporation common stock		$	879			$	393			$	486				124	%
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:
Continuing operations		$	1.90			$	.81			$	1.09				135	%
Discontinued operations			.07				(.01	)			.08				800
Total		$	1.97			$	.80			$	1.17				146	%
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share attributable to SLM Corporation:
Continuing operations		$	1.87			$	.80			$	1.07				134	%
Discontinued operations			.07				(.01	)			.08				800
Total		$	1.94			$	.79			$	1.15				146	%
Dividends per common share attributable to SLM Corporation		$	.30			$	.25			$	.05				20	%

 

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GAAP Balance Sheet (Unaudited)

 

(In millions, except share and per share data)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012
Assets
FFELP Loans (net of allowance for losses of $133; $147 and $173, respectively)		$	108,491			$	119,195			$	132,833
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $2,149; $2,170 and $2,186, respectively)			37,116				37,465				36,454
Cash and investments			4,265				4,691				4,123
Restricted cash and investments			4,109				4,828				6,717
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net			440				444				467
Other assets			7,047				7,463				8,485
Total assets		$	161,468			$	174,086			$	189,079
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings		$	16,558			$	17,254			$	24,493
Long-term borrowings			135,879				147,887				155,476
Other liabilities			3,597				3,791				4,172
Total liabilities			156,034				168,932				184,141
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.20 per share, 20 million shares authorized:
Series A: 3.3 million; 3.3 million and 3.3 million shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $50 per share			165				165				165
Series B: 4 million; 4 million and 4 million shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $100 per share			400				400				400
Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, 1.125 billion shares authorized: 544 million; 540 million and 533 million shares, respectively, issued			109				108				107
Additional paid-in capital			4,355				4,291				4,196
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax expense (benefit)			9				(4	)			(10	)
Retained earnings			2,195				1,723				1,040
Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity before treasury stock			7,233				6,683				5,898
Less: Common stock held in treasury: 108 million; 95 million and 63 million shares, respectively			(1,804	)			(1,535	)			(967	)
Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity			5,429				5,148				4,931
Noncontrolling interest			5				6				7
Total equity			5,434				5,154				4,938
Total liabilities and equity		$	161,468			$	174,086			$	189,079

 

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Consolidated Earnings Summary — GAAP basis

Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 Compared with Three Months Ended June 30, 2012

For the three months ended June 30, 2013, net income was $543 million, or $1.20 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $292 million, or $0.59 diluted earnings per common share, for the three months ended June 30, 2012. The increase in net income was primarily due to a $251 million increase in gains on sales of loans and investments, a $39 million after-tax increase in income from discontinued operations, a $42 million decline in the provision for loan losses, and a $37 million increase in net interest income, which more than offset higher operating expenses of $27 million and higher restructuring and other reorganization expenses of $21 million.

The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter are as follows:

 

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Net interest income increased by $37 million in the current quarter compared with the prior-year quarter primarily due to a $50 million acceleration of non-cash premium expense recorded in second-quarter 2012 related to the U.S. Department of Education’s (“ED”) consolidation of $5.2 billion of loans under the Special Direct Consolidation Loan initiative (“SDCL”) that ended June 30, 2012. Partially offsetting this increase was a reduction in net interest income from a $20.9 billion decline in average FFELP Loans outstanding.

 

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Provisions for loan losses declined $42 million compared with the year-ago quarter primarily as a result of the overall improvement in Private Education Loans’ credit quality, delinquency and charge-off trends leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.

 

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Gains on sales of loans and investments increased by $251 million as a result of $257 million in gains from sales of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts that occurred in second-quarter 2013. See “Business Segment Earnings Summary—‘Core Earnings’ Basis—FFELP Loans Segment” for further discussion.

 

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Contingency revenue increased $22 million primarily from an increase in collection volumes in second-quarter 2013 compared with the prior-year quarter.

 

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Other income increased $26 million primarily from an increase in foreign currency translation gains. The foreign currency translation gains relate to a portion of our foreign currency denominated debt that does not receive hedge accounting treatment. These net gains were partially offset by losses on derivative and hedging activities related to the derivatives used to economically hedge these debt investments.

 

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Second-quarter 2013 operating expenses were $258 million compared with $231 million in the year-ago quarter. The increase in operating expenses is primarily the result of increases in our third-party servicing and collections activities, increased Private Education Loan marketing, as well as continued investments in technology.

 

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Restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $24 million compared with $3 million in the year-ago quarter. For 2013, these consisted of $14 million related to severance and $10 million related to the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two publicly-traded companies. The $3 million in 2012 relates to restructuring expenses.

 

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Income from discontinued operations increased $39 million primarily as a result of the sale of our Campus Solutions business in the second quarter of 2013 which resulted in a $38 million after-tax gain. See “Business Segment Earnings Summary—‘Core Earnings’ Basis—Business Services Segment” for additional discussion.

In addition, we repurchased 9 million shares of our common stock for $201 million during the second-quarter 2013 as part of a common share repurchase program. Primarily as a result of ongoing common share repurchases, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 40 million shares from the year-ago quarter.

 

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 Compared with Six Months Ended June 30, 2012

For the six months ended June 30, 2013, net income was $889 million, or $1.94 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $403 million, or $0.79 diluted earnings per common share, for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The increase in net income was primarily due to a $353 million decrease in net losses on derivative and hedging activities, a $307 million increase in net gains on sales of loans and investments, a $39 million after-tax increase in income from discontinued operations and a $54 million decrease in provisions for loan losses, which were partially offset by higher operating expenses of $26 million and higher restructuring and other reorganization expenses of $28 million.

The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current six-month period compared with the year-ago six-month period are as follows:

 

Ÿ

Net interest income increased by $24 million primarily due to a $50 million acceleration of non-cash premium expense recorded in the first half of 2012 related to ED’s consolidation of $5.2 billion of loans under the SDCL initiative that ended June 30, 2012. Partially offsetting this increase was an $18.1 billion decline in average FFELP Loans outstanding.

 

Ÿ

Provisions for loan losses declined $54 million compared with the year-ago period primarily as a result of the overall improvement in Private Education Loans’ credit quality, delinquency and charge-off trends leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.

 

Ÿ

Gains on sales of loans and investments increased by $307 million as a result of $312 million in gains on the sales of the Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts. See “Business Segment Earnings Summary—‘Core Earnings’ Basis—FFELP Loans Segment” for further discussion.

 

Ÿ

Losses on derivative and hedging activities, net, resulted in a net loss of $13 million in the current six-month period compared with a net loss of $366 million in the year-ago period. The primary factors affecting the change were interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which primarily affected the valuations of our Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during each period. Valuations of derivative instruments vary based upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities may continue to vary significantly in future periods.

 

Ÿ

Contingency revenue increased $32 million primarily from an increase in collection volumes in the first half of 2013 compared with the prior-year period.

 

Ÿ

First-half 2013 operating expenses were $508 million compared with $482 million in the first half of 2012. The increase in operating expenses is primarily the result of increases in our third-party servicing and collections activities, increased Private Education Loan marketing, as well as continued investments in technology.

 

Ÿ

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $35 million compared with $7 million in the year-ago period. For 2013, these consisted of $23 million related to severance and $12 million related to the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two publicly-traded companies. The $7 million in 2012 relates to restructuring expenses.

 

Ÿ

Income from discontinued operations increased $39 million primarily as a result of the sale of our Campus Solutions business in the second quarter of 2013. See “Business Segment Earnings Summary—‘Core Earnings’ Basis—Business Services Segment” for additional discussion.

In addition, we repurchased 19 million shares of our common stock for $400 million during the first half of 2013 as part of a common share repurchase program. Primarily as a result of ongoing common share repurchases, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 46 million shares from the year-ago period.

“Core Earnings” — Definition and Limitations

We prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. However, we also evaluate our business segments on a basis that differs from GAAP. We refer to this different basis of presentation as “Core Earnings.”

 

10

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We provide this “Core Earnings” basis of presentation on a consolidated basis for each business segment because this is what we review internally when making management decisions regarding our performance and how we allocate resources. We also refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors. Because our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation corresponds to our segment financial presentations, we are required by GAAP to provide “Core Earnings” disclosure in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for our business segments.

“Core Earnings” are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP. We use “Core Earnings” to manage each business segment because “Core Earnings” reflect adjustments to GAAP financial results for two items, discussed below, that create significant volatility mostly due to timing factors generally beyond the control of management. Accordingly, we believe that “Core Earnings” provide management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against the business plan or against results from prior periods. Consequently, we disclose this information as we believe it provides investors with additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. The two items for which we adjust our “Core Earnings” presentations are (1) our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness and (2) the accounting for goodwill and acquired intangible assets.

While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation does not. “Core Earnings” are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Accordingly, our “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare our performance with that of other financial services companies based upon “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, our board of directors, rating agencies, lenders and investors to assess performance.

Specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation are described in detail in the section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” below.

 

11

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		Quarter Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		Consumer Lending				Business Services				FFELP Loans				Other				Eliminations(1)				Total “Core Earnings”				Adjustments												Total GAAP
																										Reclassifications				Additions/ (Subtractions)				Total Adjustments(2)
Interest income:
Student loans		$	627			$	—			$	581			$	—			$	—			$	1,208			$	198			$	(76	)		$	122			$	1,330
Other loans			—				—				—				3				—				3				—				—				—				3
Cash and investments			1				1				2				1				(1	)			4				—				—				—				4
Total interest income			628				1				583				4				(1	)			1,215				198				(76	)			122				1,337
Total interest expense			206				—				325				10				(1	)			540				13				—				13				553
Net interest income (loss)			422				1				258				(6	)			—				675				185				(76	)			109				784
Less: provisions for loan losses			187				—				14				—				—				201				—				—				—				201
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses			235				1				244				(6	)			—				474				185				(76	)			109				583
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments			—				—				257				(6	)			—				251				—				—				—				251
Servicing revenue			10				200				16				—				(137	)			89				—				—				—				89
Contingency revenue			—				109				—				—				—				109				—				—				—				109
Gains on debt repurchases			—				—				—				19				—				19				—				—				—				19
Other income			—				8				—				—				—				8				(185	)			219	(4)			34				42
Total other income (loss)			10				317				273				13				(137	)			476				(185	)			219				34				510
Expenses:
Direct operating expenses			76				113				144				3				(137	)			199				—				—				—				199
Overhead expenses			—				—				—				59				—				59				—				—				—				59
Operating expenses			76				113				144				62				(137	)			258				—				—				—				258
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				4				4				4
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			2				1				—				21				—				24				—				—				—				24
Total expenses			78				114				144				83				(137	)			282				—				4				4				286
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)			167				204				373				(76	)			—				668				—				139				139				807
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)			60				74				136				(28	)			—				242				—				58				58				300
Net income (loss) from continuing operations		$	107			$	130			$	237			$	(48	)		$	—			$	426			$	—			$	81			$	81			$	507
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax expense			—				35				—				—				—				35				—				—				—				35
Net income (loss)		$	107			$	165			$	237			$	(48	)		$	—			$	461			$	—			$	81			$	81			$	542
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest			—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)
Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation		$	107			$	166			$	237			$	(48	)		$	—			$	462			$	—			$	81			$	81			$	543

 

(1)	The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

 

(2)	“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

 

 

		Quarter Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		Net Impact of Derivative Accounting				Net Impact of Goodwill and Acquired Intangibles				Total
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses		$	109			$	—			$	109
Total other income			34				—				34
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				4				4
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP		$	143			$	(4	)			139
Income tax expense											58
Net income										$	81

 

(3)	Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

 

(4)	Represents the $203 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the $16 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

12

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		Quarter Ended March 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		Consumer Lending				Business Services				FFELP Loans				Other				Eliminations(1)				Total “Core Earnings”				Adjustments												Total GAAP
																										Reclassifications				Additions/ (Subtractions)				Total Adjustments(2)
Interest income:
Student loans		$	623			$	—			$	599			$	—			$	—			$	1,222			$	212			$	(76	)		$	136			$	1,358
Other loans			—				—				—				3				—				3				—				—				—				3
Cash and investments			1				1				2				1				(1	)			4				—				—				—				4
Total interest income			624				1				601				4				(1	)			1,229				212				(76	)			136				1,365
Total interest expense			203				—				340				11				(1	)			553				18				(2	)(4)			16				569
Net interest income (loss)			421				1				261				(7	)			—				676				194				(74	)			120				796
Less: provisions for loan losses			225				—				16				—				—				241				—				—				—				241
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses			196				1				245				(7	)			—				435				194				(74	)			120				555
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments			—				—				55				—				—				55				—				—				—				55
Servicing revenue			10				205				23				—				(149	)			89				—				—				—				89
Contingency revenue			—				99				—				—				—				99				—				—				—				99
Gains on debt repurchases			—				—				—				29				—				29				(6	)			—				(6	)			23
Other income			—				7				—				—				—				7				(188	)			184	(5)			(4	)			3
Total other income (loss)			10				311				78				29				(149	)			279				(194	)			184				(10	)			269
Expenses:
Direct operating expenses			68				110				157				1				(149	)			187				—				—				—				187
Overhead expenses			—				—				—				63				—				63				—				—				—				63
Operating expenses			68				110				157				64				(149	)			250				—				—				—				250
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				4				4				4
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			—				—				—				11				—				11				—				—				—				11
Total expenses			68				110				157				75				(149	)			261				—				4				4				265
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)			138				202				166				(53	)			—				453				—				106				106				559
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)			50				76				62				(20	)			—				168				—				43				43				211
Income (loss) from continuing operations		$	88			$	126			$	104			$	(33	)		$	—			$	285			$	—			$	63			$	63			$	348
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit			(1	)			(1	)			—				—				—				(2	)			—				—				—				(2	)
Net income (loss)		$	87			$	125			$	104			$	(33	)		$	—			$	283			$	—			$	63			$	63			$	346

 

(1)	The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

 

(2)	“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

 

 

		Quarter Ended March 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		Net Impact of Derivative Accounting				Net Impact of Goodwill and Acquired Intangibles				Total
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses		$	120			$	—			$	120
Total other loss			(10	)			—				(10	)
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				4				4
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP		$	110			$	(4	)			106
Income tax expense											43
Net income										$	63

 

(3)	Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

 

(4)	Represents a portion of the $29 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

(5)	Represents the $157 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $29 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

13

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		Quarter Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		Consumer Lending				Business Services				FFELP Loans				Other				Eliminations(1)				Total “Core Earnings”				Adjustments												Total GAAP
																										Reclassifications				Additions/ (Subtractions)				Total Adjustments(2)
Interest income:
Student loans		$	616			$	—			$	652			$	—			$	—			$	1,268			$	223			$	(98	)		$	125			$	1,393
Other loans			—				—				—				4				—				4				—				—				—				4
Cash and investments			2				2				3				—				(1	)			6				—				—				—				6
Total interest income			618				2				655				4				(1	)			1,278				223				(98	)			125				1,403
Total interest expense			205				—				409				9				(1	)			622				34				—				34				656
Net interest income (loss)			413				2				246				(5	)			—				656				189				(98	)			91				747
Less: provisions for loan losses			225				—				18				—				—				243				—				—				—				243
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses			188				2				228				(5	)			—				413				189				(98	)			91				504
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Servicing revenue			11				227				22				—				(172	)			88				—				—				—				88
Contingency revenue			—				87				—				—				—				87				—				—				—				87
Gains on debt repurchases			—				—				—				20				—				20				—				—				—				20
Other income (loss)			—				7				—				6				—				13				(189	)			180	(4)			(9	)			4
Total other income (loss)			11				321				22				26				(172	)			208				(189	)			180				(9	)			199
Expenses:
Direct operating expenses			63				101				181				4				(172	)			177				—				—				—				177
Overhead expenses			—				—				—				54				—				54				—				—				—				54
Operating expenses			63				101				181				58				(172	)			231				—				—				—				231
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				5				5				5
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			1				2				—				—				—				3				—				—				—				3
Total expenses			64				103				181				58				(172	)			234				—				5				5				239
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)			135				220				69				(37	)			—				387				—				77				77				464
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)			49				81				25				(14	)			—				141				—				28				28				169
Net income (loss) from continuing operations			86				139				44				(23	)			—				246				—				49				49				295
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit			(1	)			(3	)			—				—				—				(4	)			—				—				—				(4	)
Net income (loss)			85				136				44				(23	)			—				242				—				49				49				291
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest			—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)
Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation		$	85			$	137			$	44			$	(23	)		$	—			$	243			$	—			$	49			$	49			$	292

 

(1)	The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

 

(2)	“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

 

 

		Quarter Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		Net Impact of Derivative Accounting				Net Impact of Goodwill and Acquired Intangibles				Total
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses		$	91			$	—			$	91
Total other loss			(9	)			—				(9	)
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				5				5
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP		$	82			$	(5	)			77
Income tax expense											28
Net income										$	49

 

(3)	Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

 

(4)	Represents the $194 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the ($14) million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

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		Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		Consumer Lending				Business Services				FFELP Loans				Other				Eliminations(1)				Total “Core Earnings”				Adjustments												Total GAAP
																										Reclassifications				Additions/ (Subtractions)				Total Adjustments(2)
Interest income:
Student loans		$	1,249			$	—			$	1,181			$	—			$	—			$	2,430			$	410			$	(152	)		$	258			$	2,688
Other loans			—				—				—				6				—				6				—				—				—				6
Cash and investments			4				3				3				—				(2	)			8				—				—				—				8
Total interest income			1,253				3				1,184				6				(2	)			2,444				410				(152	)			258				2,702
Total interest expense			410				—				665				20				(2	)			1,093				31				(1	)(4)			30				1,123
Net interest income (loss)			843				3				519				(14	)			—				1,351				379				(151	)			228				1,579
Less: provisions for loan losses			412				—				30				—				—				442				—				—				—				442
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses			431				3				489				(14	)			—				909				379				(151	)			228				1,137
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments			—				—				312				(5	)			—				307				—				—				—				307
Servicing revenue			21				405				39				—				(287	)			178				—				—				—				178
Contingency revenue			—				208				—				—				—				208				—				—				—				208
Gains on debt repurchases			—				—				—				48				—				48				(6	)			—				(6	)			42
Other income			—				14				—				1				—				15				(373	)			403	(5)			30				45
Total other income (loss)			21				627				351				44				(287	)			756				(379	)			403				24				780
Expenses:
Direct operating expenses			143				222				301				7				(287	)			386				—				—				—				386
Overhead expenses			—				—				—				122				—				122				—				—				—				122
Operating expenses			143				222				301				129				(287	)			508				—				—				—				508
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				7				7				7
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			2				2				—				31				—				35				—				—				—				35
Total expenses			145				224				301				160				(287	)			543				—				7				7				550
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)			307				406				539				(130	)			—				1,122				—				245				245				1,367
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)			113				149				198				(48	)			—				412				—				100				100				512
Net income (loss) from continuing operations			194				257				341				(82	)			—				710				—				145				145				855
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)			(1	)			34				—				—				—				33				—				—				—				33
Net income (loss)			193				291				341				(82	)			—				743				—				145				145				888
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest			—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)
Net income (loss) attributable to SLM Corporation		$	193			$	292			$	341			$	(82	)		$	—			$	744			$	—			$	145			$	145			$	889

 

(1)	The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

 

(2)	“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

 

 

		Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		Net Impact of Derivative Accounting				Net Impact of Goodwill and Acquired Intangibles				Total
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses		$	228			$	—			$	228
Total other income			24				—				24
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				7				7
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP		$	252			$	(7	)			245
Income tax expense											100
Net income										$	145

 

(3)	Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

 

(4)	Represents a portion of the $44 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

(5)	Represents the $360 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $44 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

15

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		Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		Consumer Lending				Business Services				FFELP Loans				Other				Eliminations(1)				Total “Core Earnings”				Adjustments												Total GAAP
																										Reclassifications				Additions/ (Subtractions)				Total Adjustments(2)
Interest income:
Student loans		$	1,241			$	—			$	1,378			$	—			$	—			$	2,619			$	437			$	(196	)		$	241			$	2,860
Other loans			—				—				—				9				—				9				—				—				—				9
Cash and investments			3				4				5				—				(4	)			8				—				—				—				8
Total interest income			1,244				4				1,383				9				(4	)			2,636				437				(196	)			241				2,877
Total interest expense			406				—				832				16				(4	)			1,250				70				2	(4)			72				1,322
Net interest income (loss)			838				4				551				(7	)			—				1,386				367				(198	)			169				1,555
Less: provisions for loan losses			460				—				36				—				—				496				—				—				—				496
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses			378				4				515				(7	)			—				890				367				(198	)			169				1,059
Other income (loss):
Gains on sales of loans and investments			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Servicing revenue			23				456				47				—				(348	)			178				—				—				—				178
Contingency revenue			—				176				—				—				—				176				—				—				—				176
Gains on debt repurchases			—				—				—				58				—				58				—				—				—				58
Other income			—				16				—				8				—				24				(367	)			15	(5)			(352	)			(328	)
Total other income (loss)			23				648				47				66				(348	)			436				(367	)			15				(352	)			84
Expenses:
Direct operating expenses			131				211				366				6				(348	)			366				—				—				—				366
Overhead expenses			—				—				—				116				—				116				—				—				—				116
Operating expenses			131				211				366				122				(348	)			482				—				—				—				482
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				9				9				9
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			2				2				—				3				—				7				—				—				—				7
Total expenses			133				213				366				125				(348	)			489				—				9				9				498
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)			268				439				196				(66	)			—				837				—				(192	)			(192	)			645
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)			98				160				72				(25	)			—				305				—				(68	)			(68	)			237
Net income (loss) from continuing operations			170				279				124				(41	)			—				532				—				(124	)			(124	)			408
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit			(1	)			(5	)			—				—				—				(6	)			—				—				—				(6	)
Net income (loss)			169				274				124				(41	)			—				526				—				(124	)			(124	)			402
Less: loss attributable to noncontrolling interest			—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)			—				—				—				(1	)
Net income (loss)		$	169			$	275			$	124			$	(41	)		$	—			$	527			$	—			$	(124	)		$	(124	)		$	403

 

(1)	The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.

 

(2)	“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:

 

 

		Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		Net Impact of Derivative Accounting				Net Impact of Goodwill and Acquired Intangibles				Total
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses		$	169			$	—			$	169
Total other loss			(352	)			—				(352	)
Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization			—				9				9
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP		$	(183	)		$	(9	)			(192	)
Income tax benefit											(68	)
Net loss										$	(124	)

 

(3)	Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

 

(4)	Represents a portion of the $12 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

(5)	Represents the $1 million of “unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” as well as the remaining portion of the $12 million of “other derivative accounting adjustments.”

 

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Differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP

The following discussion summarizes the differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP net income and details each specific adjustment required to reconcile our “Core Earnings” segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
“Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
Net impact of derivative accounting		$	143			$	110			$	82			$	252			$	(183	)
Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangible assets			(4	)			(4	)			(5	)			(7	)			(9	)
Net income tax effect			(58	)			(43	)			(28	)			(100	)			68
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP		$	81			$	63			$	49			$	145			$	(124	)

 

1)

Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP as well as the periodic unrealized gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our Consumer Lending, FFELP Loans and Other business segments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for Floor Income Contracts where the cumulative unrealized gain will equal the amount for which we sold the contract. In our “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any net settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life.

 

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The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting between GAAP and “Core Earnings” net income.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
“Core Earnings” derivative adjustments:
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income		$	18			$	(31	)		$	6			$	(13	)		$	(366	)
Plus: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)			185				188				188				373				367
Unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net(2)			203				157				194				360				1
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts in net interest income for “Core Earnings”			(76	)			(76	)			(98	)			(152	)			(196	)
Other derivative accounting adjustments(3)			16				29				(14	)			44				12
Total net impact derivative accounting(4)		$	143			$	110			$	82			$	252			$	(183	)

 

(1)

See “Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” below for a detailed breakdown of the components of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities.

 

(2)

“Unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net” comprises the following unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses):

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Floor Income Contracts		$	297			$	189			$	50			$	486			$	186
Basis swaps			(15	)			(4	)			(26	)			(19	)			(48	)
Foreign currency hedges			(67	)			(32	)			172				(99	)			(122	)
Other			(12	)			4				(2	)			(8	)			(15	)
Total unrealized gains on derivative and hedging activities, net		$	203			$	157			$	194			$	360			$	1

 

(3)

Other derivative accounting adjustments consist of adjustments related to: (1) foreign currency denominated debt that is adjusted to spot foreign exchange rates for GAAP where such adjustments are reversed for “Core Earnings” and (2) certain terminated derivatives that did not receive hedge accounting treatment under GAAP but were economic hedges under “Core Earnings” and, as a result, such gains or losses are amortized into “Core Earnings” over the life of the hedged item.

 

(4)

Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income and positive amounts are added to “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.

 

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Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities

Derivative accounting requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as “realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities”) that do not qualify as hedges to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. Under our “Core Earnings” presentation, these gains and losses are reclassified to the income statement line item of the economically hedged item. For our “Core Earnings” net interest margin, this would primarily include: (a) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to our Floor Income Contracts to student loan interest income and (b) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to certain of our basis swaps to debt interest expense. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities and the associated reclassification on a “Core Earnings” basis.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities:
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income		$	(198	)		$	(212	)		$	(223	)		$	(410	)		$	(437	)
Net settlement income on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income			13				18				34				31				70
Foreign exchange derivatives gains reclassified to other income			—				—				1				—				—
Net realized gains on terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income			—				6				—				6				—
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities			(185	)			(188	)			(188	)			(373	)			(367	)

 

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Cumulative Impact of Derivative Accounting under GAAP compared to “Core Earnings”

As of June 30, 2013, derivative accounting has reduced GAAP equity by approximately $923 million as a result of cumulative net unrealized losses (after tax) recognized under GAAP, but not in “Core Earnings.” The following table rolls forward the cumulative impact to GAAP equity due to these unrealized after tax net losses related to derivative accounting.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Beginning impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity		$	(1,027	)		$	(1,080	)		$	(1,149	)		$	(1,080	)		$	(977	)
Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting(1)			104				53				51				157				(121	)
Ending impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity		$	(923	)		$	(1,027	)		$	(1,098	)		$	(923	)		$	(1,098	)

 

(1)

Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting is composed of the following:

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Total pre-tax net impact of derivative accounting recognized in net income(a)		$	143			$	110			$	82			$	252			$	(183	)
Tax impact of derivative accounting adjustment recognized in net income			(54	)			(60	)			(30	)			(113	)			58
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income			15				3				(1	)			18				4
Net impact of net unrealized gains (losses) under derivative accounting		$	104			$	53			$	51			$	157			$	(121	)

 

(a)

See “‘Core Earnings’ derivative adjustments” table above.

Net Floor premiums received on Floor Income Contracts that have not been amortized into “Core Earnings” as of the respective year-ends are presented in the table below. These net premiums will be recognized in “Core Earnings” in future periods and are presented net of tax. As of June 30, 2013, the remaining amortization term of the net floor premiums was approximately 3.0 years for existing contracts. Historically, we have sold Floor Income Contracts on a periodic basis and depending upon market conditions and pricing, we may enter into additional Floor Income Contracts in the future. The balance of unamortized Floor Income Contracts will increase as we sell new contracts and decline due to the amortization of existing contracts.

 

(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012
Unamortized net Floor premiums (net of tax)		$	(452	)		$	(498	)		$	(650	)

 

2)

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible asset impairment and the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The following table summarizes the goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
“Core Earnings” goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments(1)		$	(4	)		$	(4	)		$	(5	)		$	(7	)		$	(9	)

 

 

(1)

Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.

 

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Business Segment Earnings Summary — “Core Earnings” Basis

Consumer Lending Segment

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Consumer Lending segment.

 

		Quarters Ended												% Increase (Decrease)								Six Months Ended								% Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013 vs. Mar. 31, 2013				June 30, 2013 vs. June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013 vs. June 30, 2012
“Core Earnings” interest income:
Private Education Loans		$	627			$	623			$	616				1	%			2	%		$	1,249			$	1,241				1	%
Cash and investments			1				1				2				—				(50	)			4				3				33
Total “Core Earnings” interest income			628				624				618				1				2				1,253				1,244				1
Total “Core Earnings” interest expense			206				203				205				1				—				410				406				1
Net “Core Earnings” interest income			422				421				413				—				2				843				838				1
Less: provision for loan losses			187				225				225				(17	)			(17	)			412				460				(10	)
Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provision for loan losses			235				196				188				20				25				431				378				14
Servicing revenue			10				10				11				—				(9	)			21				23				(9	)
Total other income			10				10				11				—				(9	)			21				23				(9	)
Direct operating expenses			76				68				63				12				21				143				131				9
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			2				—				1				100				100				2				2				—
Total expenses			78				68				64				15				22				145				133				9
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense			167				138				135				21				24				307				268				15
Income tax expense			60				50				49				20				22				113				98				15
Net income from continuing operations			107				88				86				22				24				194				170				14
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit			—				(1	)			(1	)			(100	)			(100	)			(1	)			(1	)			—
“Core Earnings”		$	107			$	87			$	85				23	%			26	%		$	193			$	169				14	%

 

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Consumer Lending Net Interest Margin

The following table shows the Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” net interest margin along with reconciliation to the GAAP-basis Consumer Lending net interest margin before provision for loan losses.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan yield			6.37	%			6.35	%			6.36	%			6.36	%			6.39	%
Discount amortization			.22				.23				.24				.22				.24
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan net yield			6.59				6.58				6.60				6.58				6.63
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan cost of funds			(2.04	)			(2.02	)			(2.05	)			(2.02	)			(2.03	)
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan spread			4.55				4.56				4.55				4.56				4.60
“Core Earnings” basis other interest-earning asset spread impact			(.43	)			(.41	)			(.41	)			(.43	)			(.40	)
“Core Earnings” basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)			4.12	%			4.15	%			4.14	%			4.13	%			4.20	%
“Core Earnings” basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)			4.12	%			4.15	%			4.14	%			4.13	%			4.20	%
Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment(2)			(.04	)			(.03	)			(.11	)			(.03	)			(.12	)
GAAP-basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)			4.08	%			4.12	%			4.03	%			4.10	%			4.08	%

 

(1)

The average balances of our Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
Private Education Loans		$	38,154			$	38,406			$	37,543			$	38,279			$	37,646
Other interest-earning assets			2,937				2,662				2,544				2,800				2,436
Total Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets		$	41,091			$	41,068			$	40,087			$	41,079			$	40,082

 

(2)

Represents the reclassification of periodic interest accruals on derivative contracts from net interest income to other income and other derivative accounting adjustments. For further discussion of these adjustments, see section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Difference between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” above.

Private Education Loan Provision for Loan Losses and Charge-Offs

The following table summarizes the total Private Education Loan provision for loan losses and charge-offs.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Private Education Loan provision for loan losses		$	187			$	225			$	225			$	412			$	460
Private Education Loan charge-offs		$	212			$	232			$	235			$	444			$	459

In establishing the allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of June 30, 2013, we considered several factors with respect to our Private Education Loan portfolio. In particular, we continue to see improvement in credit quality and continuing positive delinquency, forbearance and charge-off trends in connection with this portfolio. Improving credit quality is seen in higher FICO scores and cosigner rates as well as a more seasoned portfolio. Total loans delinquent (as a percentage of loans in repayment) have decreased to 7.7 percent from 10.0 percent in the year-ago quarter. Loans greater than 90 days delinquent (as a percentage of loans in repayment) have decreased to 3.6 percent from 4.5 percent in the year-ago quarter. Loans in forbearance (as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance) have decreased to 3.5 percent from 4.3 percent in the year-ago quarter. The charge-off rate decreased to 2.7 percent from 3.1 percent in the year-ago quarter.

Additionally, Private Education Loans that have defaulted between 2008 and 2012 for which we have previously charged off estimated losses have, to varying degrees, not met our post-default recovery expectations to date and may continue to not do so. Our allowance for loan losses takes into account these potential recovery uncertainties.

 

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The Private Education Loan provision for loan losses was $187 million in the second quarter of 2013, down $38 million from the second quarter of 2012, and $412 million for the first six months of 2013, down $48 million from the year-ago period. The decline in both periods was a result of the overall improvement in credit quality and performance trends discussed above, leading to decreases in expected future charge-offs.

For a more detailed discussion of our policy for determining the collectability of Private Education Loans and maintaining our allowance for Private Education Loan losses, see Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates — Allowance for Loan Losses” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Operating Expenses — Consumer Lending Segment

Operating expenses for our Consumer Lending segment include costs incurred to originate Private Education Loans and to service and collect on our Private Education Loan portfolio. The increase in operating expenses in the quarter ended June 30, 2013 compared with the year-ago quarter was primarily the result of higher marketing and collection costs as well as continued investments in technology. Operating expenses were 80 basis points and 68 basis points of average Private Education Loans in the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 75 basis points and 70 basis points of average Private Education Loans in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Business Services Segment

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Business Services segment.

 

		Quarters Ended												% Increase (Decrease)								Six Months Ended								%  Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013  vs. Mar. 31, 2013				June 30, 2013  vs. June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013  vs. June 30, 2012
Net interest income		$	1			$	1			$	2				—	%			(50	)%		$	3			$	4				(25	)%
Servicing revenue:
Intercompany loan servicing			137				149				172				(8	)			(20	)			287				348				(18	)
Third-party loan servicing			33				27				26				22				27				61				48				27
Guarantor servicing			10				10				11				—				(9	)			20				22				(9	)
Other servicing			20				19				18				5				11				37				38				(3	)
Total servicing revenue			200				205				227				(2	)			(12	)			405				456				(11	)
Contingency revenue			109				99				87				10				25				208				176				18
Other Business Services revenue			8				7				7				14				14				14				16				(13	)
Total other income			317				311				321				2				(1	)			627				648				(3	)
Direct operating expenses			113				110				101				3				12				222				211				5
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			1				—				2				100				(50	)			2				2				—
Total expenses			114				110				103				4				11				224				213				5
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense			204				202				220				1				(7	)			406				439				(8	)
Income tax expense			74				76				81				(3	)			(9	)			149				160				(7	)
Net income from continuing operations			130				126				139				3				(6	)			257				279				(8	)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)			35				(1	)			(3	)			3,600				1,267				34				(5	)			780
“Core Earnings”			165				125				136				32				21				291				274				6
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest			(1	)			—				(1	)			(100	)			—				(1	)			(1	)			—
“Core Earnings” attributable to SLM Corporation		$	166			$	125			$	137				33	%			21	%		$	292			$	275				6	%

 

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Our Business Services segment includes intercompany loan servicing fees from servicing the FFELP Loans in our FFELP Loans segment. The average balance of this portfolio was $116 billion and $133 billion for the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $119 billion and $134 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decline in intercompany loan servicing revenue from the year-ago period is primarily the result of a lower outstanding principal balance in the underlying portfolio.

We are servicing approximately 5.2 million accounts under the ED Servicing Contract as of June 30, 2013, compared with 4.8 million and 3.8 million accounts serviced at March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2012, respectively. Third-party loan servicing fees in the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 included $26 million and $22 million, respectively, of servicing revenue related to the ED Servicing Contract. This increase in ED loan servicing fees for both the quarter and six-month periods were driven by the increase in the number of accounts serviced. The three and six months ended June 30, 2012 included $3.1 million of additional servicing revenue related to the administration and servicing of the SDCL program.

Third-party loan servicing income increased $7 million from the year-ago quarter and $13 million for the first six months compared with the prior-year period primarily due to the increase in ED servicing revenue (discussed above) as well as a result of the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts in 2013. (See “FFELP Loans Segment” for further discussion.) When we sold the Residual Interests, we retained the right to service the trusts. As such, servicing income that had previously been recorded as intercompany loan servicing is now recognized as third-party loan servicing income.

Our contingency revenue consists of fees we receive for collections of delinquent debt on behalf of third-party clients performed on a contingent basis. Contingency revenue increased $22 million in the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter and $32 million for the first six months of 2013 compared with the prior-year period as a result of the higher volume of collections.

The following table presents the outstanding inventory of contingent collections receivables that our Business Services segment will collect on behalf of others. We expect the inventory of contingent collections receivables to decline over time as a result of the elimination of FFELP.

 

(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012
Contingent collections receivables:
Student loans		$	12,230			$	13,549			$	10,620
Other			2,377				2,239				1,864
Total		$	14,607			$	15,788			$	12,484

In the second quarter of 2013, we sold our Campus Solutions business and recorded an after-tax gain of $38 million. The results related to this business for all periods presented have been reclassified as discontinued operations and are shown on an after-tax basis.

Revenues related to services performed on FFELP Loans accounted for 73 percent and 78 percent, respectively, of total segment revenues for the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and 74 percent and 78 percent, respectively, of total segment revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Operating Expenses — Business Services Segment

Operating expenses for our Business Services segment primarily include costs incurred to service our FFELP Loan portfolio, third-party servicing and collection costs, and other operating costs. The increase in operating expenses in the quarter ended June 30, 2013 compared with the year-ago quarter was primarily the result of an increase in our third-party servicing and collection activities as well as continued investments in technology.

 

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FFELP Loans Segment

The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our FFELP Loans segment.

 

		Quarters Ended												% Increase (Decrease)								Six Months Ended								% Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013  vs. Mar. 31, 2013				June 30, 2013  vs. June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013 vs. June 30, 2012
“Core Earnings” interest income:
FFELP Loans		$	581			$	599			$	652				(3	)%			(11	)%		$	1,181			$	1,378				(14	)%
Cash and investments			2				2				3				—				(33	)			3				5				(40	)
Total “Core Earnings” interest income			583				601				655				(3	)			(11	)			1,184				1,383				(14	)
Total “Core Earnings” interest expense			325				340				409				(4	)			(21	)			665				832				(20	)
Net “Core Earnings” interest income			258				261				246				(1	)			5				519				551				(6	)
Less: provision for loan losses			14				16				18				(13	)			(22	)			30				36				(17	)
Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provision for loan losses			244				245				228				—				7				489				515				(5	)
Gains on sales of loans and investments			257				55				—				367				100				312				—				100
Servicing revenue			16				23				22				(30	)			(27	)			39				47				(17	)
Total other income			273				78				22				250				1,141				351				47				(17	)
Direct operating expenses			144				157				181				(8	)			(20	)			301				366				(18	)
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Total expenses			144				157				181				(8	)			(20	)			301				366				(18	)
Income before income tax expense			373				166				69				125				441				539				196				175
Income tax expense			136				62				25				119				444				198				72				175
“Core Earnings”		$	237			$	104			$	44				128	%			439	%		$	341			$	124				175	%

 

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FFELP Loan Net Interest Margin

The following table shows the “Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin along with reconciliation to the GAAP basis FFELP Loan net interest margin.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan yield			2.60	%			2.61	%			2.66	%			2.61	%			2.65	%
Hedged Floor Income			.27				.25				.29				.26				.29
Unhedged Floor Income			.10				.06				.07				.08				.09
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees			(.65	)			(.68	)			(.67	)			(.67	)			(.66	)
Repayment Borrower Benefits			(.11	)			(.11	)			(.14	)			(.11	)			(.13	)
Premium amortization			(.16	)			(.14	)			(.27	)			(.15	)			(.20	)
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net yield			2.05				1.99				1.94				2.02				2.04
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan cost of funds			(1.08	)			(1.06	)			(1.14	)			(1.07	)			(1.16	)
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan spread			.97				.93				.80				.95				.88
“Core Earnings” basis other interest-earnings asset spread impact			(.10	)			(.10	)			(.10	)			(.10	)			(.10	)
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin(1)			.87	%			.83	%			.70	%			.85	%			.78	%
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin(1)			.87	%			.83	%			.70	%			.85	%			.78	%
Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment(2)			.38				.40				.30				.39				.28
GAAP-basis FFELP Loan net interest margin			1.25	%			1.23	%			1.00	%			1.24	%			1.06	%

 

(1)

The average balances of our FFELP “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)
FFELP Loans		$	113,981			$	121,855			$	134,893			$	117,896			$	136,043
Other interest-earning assets			5,264				5,555				6,291				5,409				6,359
Total FFELP “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets		$	119,245			$	127,410			$	141,184			$	123,305			$	142,402

 

(2)

Represents the reclassification of periodic interest accruals on derivative contracts from net interest income to other income and other derivative accounting adjustments. For further discussion of these adjustments, see section titled “‘Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Difference between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” above.

The increase in the “Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loan net interest margin of 17 basis points for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 compared with the quarter ended June 30, 2012, as well as the 7 basis points increase for the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the prior year, was primarily the result of a $50 million acceleration of non-cash premium expense recorded in second quarter 2012 related ED’s consolidation of $5.2 billion of loans under the SDCL initiative that ended June 30, 2012. See Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Business Segment Earnings Summary — ‘Core Earnings’ Basis — FFELP Loans Segment” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

As of June 30, 2013, our FFELP Loan portfolio totaled approximately $108.5 billion, comprised of $41.9 billion of FFELP Stafford and $66.6 billion of FFELP Consolidation Loans. The weighted-average life of

 

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these portfolios is 4.9 years and 9.5 years, respectively, assuming a Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) of 4 percent and 3 percent, respectively.

FFELP Loan Provision for Loan Losses and Charge-Offs

The following table summarizes the FFELP Loan provision for loan losses and charge-offs.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
FFELP Loan provision for loan losses		$	14			$	16			$	18			$	30			$	36
FFELP Loan charge-offs		$	20			$	22			$	23			$	42			$	46

Gains on Sales of Loans and Investments

The increase in gains on sales of loans and investments from the year-ago quarter was the result of $257 million in gains from the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts.

The increase in gains on sales of loans and investments from the first six months of 2012 was the result of $312 million in gains from the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts.

We will continue to service the student loans in the trusts that were sold under existing agreements. The sales removed securitization trust assets of $12.5 billion and related liabilities of $12.1 billion from the balance sheet during the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Operating Expenses — FFELP Loans

Operating expenses for our FFELP Loans segment primarily include the contractual rates we pay to service loans in term asset-backed securitization trusts or a similar rate if a loan is not in a term financing facility (which is presented as an intercompany charge from the Business Services segment who services the loans), the fees we pay for third-party loan servicing and costs incurred to acquire loans. The intercompany revenue charged by the Business Services segment and included in those amounts was $137 million and $172 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $287 million and $348 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. These amounts exceed the actual cost of servicing the loans. Operating expenses were 51 basis points and 54 basis points of average FFELP Loans in the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 51 basis points and 54 basis points of average FFELP Loans in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decline in operating expenses from the prior-year quarter was primarily the result of the reduction in the average outstanding balance of our FFELP Loan portfolio.

 

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Other Segment

The following table shows “Core Earnings” results of our Other segment.

 

		Quarters Ended												% Increase (Decrease)								Six Months Ended								% Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013  vs. Mar. 31, 2013				June 30, 2013  vs. June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013 vs. June 30, 2012
Net interest loss after provision for loan losses		$	(6	)		$	(7	)		$	(5	)			(14	)%			20	%		$	(14	)		$	(7	)			100	%
Losses on sales of loans and investments			(6	)			—				—				100				100				(5	)			—				100
Gains on debt repurchases			19				29				20				(34	)			(5	)			48				58				(17	)
Other income			—				—				6				—				(100	)			1				8				(88	)
Total income			13				29				26				(55	)			(50	)			44				66				(33	)
Direct operating expenses			3				1				4				200				(25	)			7				6				17
Overhead expenses:
Corporate overhead			29				35				27				(17	)			7				64				61				5
Unallocated information technology costs			30				28				27				7				11				58				55				5
Total overhead expenses			59				63				54				(6	)			9				122				116				5
Total operating expenses			62				64				58				(3	)			7				129				122				6
Restructuring and other reorganization expenses			21				11				—				91				100				31				3				933
Total expenses			83				75				58				11				43				160				125				28
Loss before income tax benefit			(76	)			(53	)			(37	)			43				105				(130	)			(66	)			97
Income tax benefit			(28	)			(20	)			(14	)			40				100				(48	)			(25	)			92
“Core Earnings” (loss)		$	(48	)		$	(33	)		$	(23	)			45	%			109	%		$	(82	)		$	(41	)			100	%

Net Interest Loss after Provision for Loan Losses

Net interest loss after provision for loan losses includes net interest income related to our corporate liquidity portfolio as well as net interest income and provision expense related to our mortgage and consumer loan portfolios.

Gains on Debt Repurchases

We repurchased $70 million and $85 million face amount of our debt for the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively and $997 million and $290 million face amount of our debt for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Overhead

Corporate overhead is comprised of costs related to executive management, the board of directors, accounting, finance, legal, human resources and stock-based compensation expense. Unallocated information technology costs are related to infrastructure and operations. The increase in overhead for the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared with the year-ago period was primarily the result of a non-recurring $10 million pension termination gain in the first six months of 2012, which was partially offset by a decrease in stock compensation in 2013 compared with 2012.

Restructuring and Other Reorganization Expenses

Restructuring and other reorganization expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 were $21 million compared with $0 in the year-ago quarter. For the quarter ended June 30, 2013, these consisted of $11 million related to severance and $10 million related to the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two publicly-traded companies.

 

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For the six months ended June 30, 2013, restructuring and other reorganization expenses were $31 million compared with $3 million in the year-ago period. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, these consisted of $19 million related to severance and $12 million related to the Company’s previously announced plan to separate its existing organization into two publicly-traded companies. The $3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2012 was related to restructuring expenses.

Financial Condition

This section provides additional information regarding the changes in our loan portfolio assets and related liabilities as well as credit quality and performance indicators related to our Consumer Lending portfolio.

 

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Summary of our Student Loan Portfolio

Ending Student Loan Balances, net

 

		June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total student loan portfolio:
In-school(1)		$	1,050			$	—			$	1,050			$	2,132			$	3,182
Grace, repayment and other(2)			40,271				66,217				106,488				36,551				143,039
Total, gross			41,321				66,217				107,538				38,683				146,221
Unamortized premium/(discount)			641				445				1,086				(752	)			334
Receivable for partially charged-off loans			—				—				—				1,334				1,334
Allowance for loan losses			(88	)			(45	)			(133	)			(2,149	)			(2,282	)
Total student loan portfolio		$	41,874			$	66,617			$	108,491			$	37,116			$	145,607
% of total FFELP			39	%			61	%			100	%
% of total			29	%			46	%			75	%			25	%			100	%
		March 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total student loan portfolio:
In-school(1)		$	1,350			$	—			$	1,350			$	2,546			$	3,896
Grace, repayment and other(2)			41,080				75,628				116,708				36,522				153,230
Total, gross			42,430				75,628				118,058				39,068				157,126
Unamortized premium/(discount)			667				617				1,284				(772	)			512
Receivable for partially charged-off loans			—				—				—				1,339				1,339
Allowance for loan losses			(92	)			(55	)			(147	)			(2,170	)			(2,317	)
Total student loan portfolio		$	43,005			$	76,190			$	119,195			$	37,465			$	156,660
% of total FFELP			36	%			64	%			100	%
% of total			27	%			49	%			76	%			24	%			100	%
		June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total student loan portfolio:
In-school(1)		$	2,152			$	—			$	2,152			$	1,848			$	4,000
Grace, repayment and other(2)			45,348				84,012				129,360				36,349				165,709
Total, gross			47,500				84,012				131,512				38,197				169,709
Unamortized premium/(discount)			720				774				1,494				(834	)			660
Receivable for partially charged-off loans			—				—				—				1,277				1,277
Allowance for loan losses			(107	)			(66	)			(173	)			(2,186	)			(2,359	)
Total student loan portfolio		$	48,113			$	84,720			$	132,833			$	36,454			$	169,287
% of total FFELP			36	%			64	%			100	%
% of total			28	%			50	%			78	%			22	%			100	%

 

(1)	Loans for customers still attending school and are not yet required to make payments on the loan.

 

(2)	Includes loans in deferment or forbearance.

 

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Average Student Loan Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount)

 

		Quarter Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total		$	42,516			$	71,465			$	113,981			$	38,154			$	152,135
% of FFELP			37	%			63	%			100	%
% of total			28	%			47	%			75	%			25	%			100	%
		Quarter Ended March 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total		$	43,721			$	78,134			$	121,855			$	38,406			$	160,261
% of FFELP			36	%			64	%			100	%
% of total			27	%			49	%			76	%			24	%			100	%
		Quarter Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total		$	49,159			$	85,734			$	134,893			$	37,543			$	172,436
% of FFELP			36	%			64	%			100	%
% of total			28	%			50	%			78	%			22	%			100	%
		Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total		$	43,115			$	74,781			$	117,896			$	38,279			$	156,175
% of FFELP			37	%			63	%			100	%
% of total			27	%			48	%			75	%			25	%			100	%
		Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Total		$	49,654			$	86,389			$	136,043			$	37,646			$	173,689
% of FFELP			36	%			64	%			100	%
% of total			28	%			50	%			78	%			22	%			100	%

 

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Student Loan Activity

 

		Quarter Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Total Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Beginning balance		$	43,005			$	76,190			$	119,195			$	37,465			$	156,660
Acquisitions and originations			57				74				131				390				521
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization			285				272				557				210				767
Consolidations to third parties			(378	)			(235	)			(613	)			(25	)			(638	)
Sales(1)			(30	)			(8,398	)			(8,428	)			—				(8,428	)
Repayments and other			(1,065	)			(1,286	)			(2,351	)			(924	)			(3,275	)
Ending balance		$	41,874			$	66,617			$	108,491			$	37,116			$	145,607
		Quarter Ended March 31, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Total Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Beginning balance		$	44,289			$	81,323			$	125,612			$	36,934			$	162,546
Acquisitions and originations			101				53				154				1,405				1,559
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization			295				313				608				200				808
Consolidations to third parties			(445	)			(275	)			(720	)			(24	)			(744	)
Sales(2)			(72	)			(3,749	)			(3,821	)			—				(3,821	)
Repayments and other			(1,163	)			(1,475	)			(2,638	)			(1,050	)			(3,688	)
Ending balance		$	43,005			$	76,190			$	119,195			$	37,465			$	156,660
		Quarter Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Total Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Beginning balance		$	49,508			$	86,426			$	135,934			$	36,732			$	172,666
Acquisitions and originations			1,331				495				1,826				341				2,167
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization			310				349				659				263				922
Consolidations to third parties			(1,711	)			(1,035	)			(2,746	)			(19	)			(2,765	)
Sales			(149	)			—				(149	)			—				(149	)
Repayments and other			(1,176	)			(1,515	)			(2,691	)			(863	)			(3,554	)
Ending balance		$	48,113			$	84,720			$	132,833			$	36,454			$	169,287

 

(1)	Includes $8.3 billion of student loans in connection with the sale of a Residual Interest in a FFELP Loan securitization trust.

(2)	Includes $3.7 billion of student loans in connection with the sale of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts.

 

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		Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Total Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Beginning balance		$	44,289			$	81,323			$	125,612			$	36,934			$	162,546
Acquisitions and originations			158				127				285				1,795				2,080
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization			580				585				1,165				410				1,575
Consolidations to third parties			(823	)			(510	)			(1,333	)			(49	)			(1,382	)
Sales(1)			(102	)			(12,147	)			(12,249	)			—				(12,249	)
Repayments and other			(2,228	)			(2,761	)			(4,989	)			(1,974	)			(6,963	)
Ending balance		$	41,874			$	66,617			$	108,491			$	37,116			$	145,607
		Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		FFELP Stafford and Other				FFELP Consolidation Loans				Total FFELP Loans				Total Private Education Loans				Total Portfolio
Beginning balance		$	50,440			$	87,690			$	138,130			$	36,290			$	174,420
Acquisitions and originations			2,150				573				2,723				1,492				4,215
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization			645				747				1,392				508				1,900
Consolidations to third parties			(2,430	)			(1,260	)			(3,690	)			(42	)			(3,732	)
Sales			(284	)			—				(284	)			—				(284	)
Repayments and other			(2,408	)			(3,030	)			(5,438	)			(1,794	)			(7,232	)
Ending balance		$	48,113			$	84,720			$	132,833			$	36,454			$	169,287

 

(1)	Includes $12.0 billion of student loans in connection with the sales of Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts.

Private Education Loan Originations

The following table summarizes our Private Education Loan originations.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Smart Option — interest only(1)		$	85			$	365			$	100			$	450			$	458
Smart Option — fixed pay(1)			106				439				71				545				417
Smart Option — deferred(1)			145				590				122				735				553
Other			32				17				28				49				54
Total Private Education Loan originations		$	368			$	1,411			$	321			$	1,779			$	1,482

 

 

(1)

Interest only, fixed pay and deferred describe the payment option while in school or in grace period.

 

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Consumer Lending Portfolio Performance

Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance

 

		June 30, 2013								March 31, 2013								June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		Balance				%				Balance				%				Balance				%
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)		$	5,896							$	6,434							$	6,098
Loans in forbearance(2)			1,160								1,101								1,368
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans current			29,196				92.3	%			29,069				92.2	%			27,650				90.0	%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)			792				2.5				731				2.3				1,058				3.4
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)			495				1.6				491				1.6				643				2.1
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)			1,144				3.6				1,242				3.9				1,380				4.5
Total Private Education Loans in repayment			31,627				100	%			31,533				100	%			30,731				100	%
Total Private Education Loans, gross			38,683								39,068								38,197
Private Education Loan unamortized discount			(752	)							(772	)							(834	)
Total Private Education Loans			37,931								38,296								37,363
Private Education Loan receivable for partially charged-off loans			1,334								1,339								1,277
Private Education Loan allowance for losses			(2,149	)							(2,170	)							(2,186	)
Private Education Loans, net		$	37,116							$	37,465							$	36,454
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment							81.8	%							80.7	%							80.5	%
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment							7.7	%							7.8	%							10.0	%
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance							3.5	%							3.4	%							4.3	%
Loans in repayment greater than 12 months as a percentage of loans in repayment(4)							79.3	%							79.1	%							74.3	%

 

(1)	Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

 

(2)	Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

 

(3)	The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

 

(4)	Based on number of months in an active repayment status for which a scheduled monthly payment was due.

 

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Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Allowance at beginning of period		$	2,170			$	2,171			$	2,190			$	2,171			$	2,171
Provision for Private Education Loan losses			187				225				225				412				460
Charge-offs(1)			(212	)			(232	)			(235	)			(444	)			(459	)
Reclassification of interest reserve(2)			4				6				6				10				14
Allowance at end of period		$	2,149			$	2,170			$	2,186			$	2,149			$	2,186
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)			2.7	%			3.0	%			3.1	%			2.8	%			3.0	%
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)			2.6	%			2.9	%			3.0	%			2.7	%			2.9	%
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance			5.4	%			5.4	%			5.5	%			5.4	%			5.5	%
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment			6.8	%			6.9	%			7.1	%			6.8	%			7.1	%
Average coverage of charge-offs (annualized)			2.5				2.3				2.3				2.4				2.4
Ending total loans(3)		$	40,017			$	40,407			$	39,474			$	40,017			$	39,474
Average loans in repayment		$	31,618			$	31,645			$	30,533			$	31,631			$	30,456
Ending loans in repayment		$	31,627			$	31,533			$	30,731			$	31,627			$	30,731

 

(1)

Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. The expected recovery amount is transferred to the receivable for partially charged-off loan balance. Charge-offs include charge-offs against the receivable for partially charged-off loans which represents the difference between what was expected to be collected and any shortfalls in what was actually collected in the period. See “Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans” for further discussion.

 

(2)	Represents the additional allowance related to the amount of uncollectible interest reserved within interest income that is transferred in the period to the allowance for loan losses when interest is capitalized to a loan’s principal balance.

 

(3)	Ending total loans represents gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.

 

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The following table provides detail for our traditional and non-traditional Private Education Loans for the quarters ended.

 

		June 30, 2013												March 31, 2013												June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		Traditional				Non- Traditional				Total				Traditional				Non- Traditional				Total				Traditional				Non- Traditional				Total
Ending total loans(1)		$	36,445			$	3,572			$	40,017			$	36,746			$	3,661			$	40,407			$	35,529			$	3,945			$	39,474
Ending loans in repayment			29,155				2,472				31,627				29,022				2,511				31,533				28,075				2,656				30,731
Private Education Loan allowance for losses			1,629				520				2,149				1,643				527				2,170				1,589				597				2,186
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)			2.1	%			9.1	%			2.7	%			2.5	%			8.7	%			3.0	%			2.5	%			9.8	%			3.1	%
Allowance as a percentage of ending total loans			4.5	%			14.6	%			5.4	%			4.5	%			14.4	%			5.4	%			4.5	%			15.1	%			5.5	%
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment			5.6	%			21.0	%			6.8	%			5.7	%			21.0	%			6.9	%			5.7	%			22.5	%			7.1	%
Average coverage of charge-offs (annualized)			2.6				2.3				2.5				2.3				2.4				2.3				2.3				2.3				2.3
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment			6.6	%			20.0	%			7.7	%			6.7	%			20.5	%			7.8	%			8.6	%			25.5	%			10.0	%
Delinquencies greater than 90 days as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment			3.1	%			10.2	%			3.6	%			3.3	%			11.2	%			3.9	%			3.7	%			12.6	%			4.5	%
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance			3.4	%			5.5	%			3.5	%			3.2	%			5.1	%			3.4	%			4.1	%			6.4	%			4.3	%
Loans that entered repayment during the period(2)		$	481			$	24			$	505			$	553			$	23			$	576			$	674			$	57			$	731
Percentage of Private Education Loans with a cosigner			69	%			30	%			66	%			69	%			30	%			66	%			66	%			29	%			63	%
Average FICO at origination			728				624				721				728				624				720				727				624				718

 

(1)	Ending total loans represent gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.

 

(2)	Includes loans that are required to make a payment for the first time.

As part of concluding on the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, we review key allowance and loan metrics. The most significant of these metrics considered are the allowance coverage of charge-offs ratio; the allowance as a percentage of total loans and of loans in repayment; and delinquency and forbearance percentages.

Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans

At the end of each month, for loans that are 212 days past due, we charge off the estimated loss of a defaulted loan balance. Actual recoveries are applied against the remaining loan balance that was not charged off. We refer to this remaining loan balance as the “receivable for partially charged-off loans.” If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately charged off through the allowance for loan losses with an offsetting reduction in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the cumulative recovery amount exceeds the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered. Private Education Loans which defaulted between 2008 and 2012 for which we have previously charged off estimated losses have, to varying degrees, not met our post-default recovery expectations to date and may continue not to do so. According to our policy, we have been charging off these periodic shortfalls in expected recoveries against our allowance for Private Education Loan losses and the related receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans and we will continue to do so. There was $217 million, $209 million and $141 million in allowance for Private Education Loan losses at June 30, 2013, March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2012, respectively, providing for possible additional future charge-offs related to the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans (see “Consumer Lending Segment — Private Education Loan Provision for Loan Losses and Charge-Offs” for a further discussion).

 

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The following table summarizes the activity in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans.

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Receivable at beginning of period		$	1,339			$	1,347			$	1,250			$	1,347			$	1,241
Expected future recoveries of current period defaults(1)			70				78				82				148				151
Recoveries(2)			(54	)			(68	)			(44	)			(122	)			(94	)
Charge-offs(3)			(21	)			(18	)			(11	)			(39	)			(21	)
Receivable at end of period			1,334				1,339				1,277				1,334				1,277
Allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls(4)			(217	)			(209	)			(141	)			(217	)			(141	)
Net receivable at end of period		$	1,117			$	1,130			$	1,136			$	1,117			$	1,136

 

(1)	Represents the difference between the defaulted loan balance and our estimate of the amount to be collected in the future.

 

(2)	Current period cash collections.

 

(3)	Represents the current period recovery shortfall — the difference between what was expected to be collected and what was actually collected. These amounts are included in total charge-offs as reported in the “Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses” table.

 

(4)

The allowance for estimated recovery shortfalls of the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans is a component of the $2.1 billion overall allowance for Private Education Loan losses as of June 30, 2013 and the $2.2 billion overall allowance as of March 31, 2013, and June 30, 2012.

The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio aged by number of months in active repayment status (months for which a scheduled monthly payment was due). As indicated in the tables, the percentage of loans in forbearance status decreases the longer the loans have been in active repayment status. At June 30, 2013, loans in forbearance status as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance were 6.1 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for less than 25 months. The percentage drops to 1.4 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for more than 48 months. Approximately 67 percent of our Private Education Loans in forbearance status has been in active repayment status less than 25 months.

 

		Monthly Scheduled Payments Due
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2013		0 to 12				13 to 24				25 to 36				37 to 48				More than 48				Not Yet in Repayment				Total
Loans in-school/grace/deferment		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	5,896			$	5,896
Loans in forbearance			584				192				162				96				126				—				1,160
Loans in repayment — current			5,671				4,996				5,303				4,455				8,771				—				29,196
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days			254				152				137				99				150				—				792
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days			181				95				86				54				79				—				495
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days			442				246				190				118				148				—				1,144
Total		$	7,132			$	5,681			$	5,878			$	4,822			$	9,274			$	5,896				38,683
Unamortized discount																											(752	)
Receivable for partially charged-off loans																											1,334
Allowance for loan losses																											(2,149	)
Total Private Education Loans, net																										$	37,116
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance			8.2	%			3.4	%			2.8	%			2.0	%			1.4	%			—	%			3.5	%

 

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		Monthly Scheduled Payments Due
(Dollars in millions) March 31, 2013		0 to 12				13 to 24				25 to 36				37 to 48				More than 48				Not Yet in Repayment				Total
Loans in-school/grace/deferment		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	6,434			$	6,434
Loans in forbearance			587				184				145				79				106				—				1,101
Loans in repayment — current			5,645				5,156				5,345				4,505				8,418				—				29,069
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days			252				139				132				85				123				—				731
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days			189				95				82				54				71				—				491
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days			513				260				204				115				150				—				1,242
Total		$	7,186			$	5,834			$	5,908			$	4,838			$	8,868			$	6,434				39,068
Unamortized discount																											(772	)
Receivable for partially charged-off loans																											1,339
Allowance for loan losses																											(2,170	)
Total Private Education Loans, net																										$	37,465
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance			8.2	%			3.2	%			2.5	%			1.6	%			1.2	%			—	%			3.4	%

 

		Monthly Scheduled Payments Due
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2012		0 to 12				13 to 24				25 to 36				37 to 48				More than 48				Not Yet in Repayment				Total
Loans in-school/grace/deferment		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	6,098			$	6,098
Loans in forbearance			838				214				147				74				95				—				1,368
Loans in repayment — current			6,406				5,847				5,128				3,621				6,648				—				27,650
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days			478				207				164				87				122				—				1,058
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days			321				119				93				48				62				—				643
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days			706				269				191				94				120				—				1,380
Total		$	8,749			$	6,656			$	5,723			$	3,924			$	7,047			$	6,098				38,197
Unamortized discount																											(834	)
Receivable for partially charged-off loans																											1,277
Allowance for loan losses																											(2,186	)
Total Private Education Loans, net																										$	36,454
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance			9.6	%			3.2	%			2.6	%			1.9	%			1.3	%			—	%			4.3	%

The number of loans in a forbearance status as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance decreased to 3.5 percent for the quarter ended June 30, 2013 compared with 4.3 percent in the year-ago quarter. As of June 30, 2013, 1.7 percent of loans in current status were delinquent as of the end of the prior month, but were granted a forbearance that made them current as of June 30, 2013 (customers made payments on approximately 26 percent of these loans as a prerequisite to being granted forbearance).

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We expect to fund our ongoing liquidity needs, including the origination of new Private Education Loans and the repayment of $3.1 billion of senior unsecured notes that mature in the next twelve months, primarily through our current cash and investment portfolio, the issuance of additional bank deposits and unsecured debt, the predictable operating cash flows provided by earnings, the repayment of principal on unencumbered student loan assets and the distributions from our securitization trusts (including servicing fees which are priority payments within the trusts). We may also draw down on our secured FFELP facilities.

Currently, new Private Education Loan originations are initially funded through deposits and subsequently securitized to term. We have $1.6 billion of cash at Sallie Mae Bank (the “Bank”) as of June 30, 2013 available to fund future originations. We no longer originate FFELP Loans and therefore no longer have liquidity requirements for new FFELP Loan originations.

We will continue to opportunistically purchase FFELP Loan portfolios from others. On June 10, 2013, we closed on a new $6.8 billion credit facility, which matures in June 2014, to facilitate the term securitization of FFELP Loans. The facility was used in June 2013 to refinance all of the FFELP Loans previously financed through the ED Conduit Program. As a result, we ended our participation in the ED Conduit Program prior to the January 19, 2014 maturity date.

Sources of Liquidity and Available Capacity

Ending Balances

 

(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012
Sources of primary liquidity:
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:
Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries		$	1,805			$	2,290			$	2,717
Sallie Mae Bank(1)			1,595				1,472				362
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments		$	3,400			$	3,762			$	3,079
Unencumbered FFELP Loans		$	2,064			$	1,753			$	1,370

Average Balances

 

		Quarters Ended												Six Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012				June 30, 2013				June 30, 2012
Sources of primary liquidity:
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:
Holding Company and other non-bank subsidiaries		$	2,250			$	2,820			$	2,584			$	2,534			$	2,120
Sallie Mae Bank(1)			1,692				1,229				660				1,461				770
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments		$	3,942			$	4,049			$	3,244			$	3,995			$	2,890
Unencumbered FFELP Loans		$	1,889			$	1,695			$	1,277			$	1,792			$	1,178

 

(1)	This amount will be used primarily to originate or acquire student loans at the Bank. See discussion below on restrictions on the Bank to pay dividends.

Liquidity may also be available under secured credit facilities to the extent we have eligible collateral and capacity available. Maximum borrowing capacity under the FFELP ABCP Facilities and FHLB-DM Facility will vary and be subject to each agreement’s borrowing conditions, including, among others, facility size, current usage and availability of qualifying collateral from unencumbered FFELP Loans. As of June 30, 2013, March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2012, the maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $11.9 billion, $9.8 billion

 

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and $10.5 billion, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2013, March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2012, the average maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $11.1 billion, $10.8 billion and $10.7 billion, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the average maximum additional capacity under these facilities was $10.9 billion and $11.4 billion, respectively.

We also hold a number of other unencumbered assets, consisting primarily of Private Education Loans and other assets. Total unencumbered student loans, net, comprised $12.7 billion of our unencumbered assets of which $10.7 billion and $2.0 billion related to Private Education Loans, net and FFELP Loans, net, respectively. At June 30, 2013, we had a total of $21.0 billion of unencumbered assets inclusive of those described above as sources of primary liquidity and exclusive of goodwill and acquired intangible assets.

The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to the laws of Utah and the regulations of the FDIC. Generally, under Utah’s industrial bank laws and regulations as well as FDIC regulations, the Bank may pay dividends from its net profits without regulatory approval if, following the payment of the dividend, the Bank’s capital and surplus would not be impaired. While applicable Utah and FDIC regulations differ in approach as to determinations of impairment of capital and surplus, neither method of determination has historically required the Bank to obtain consent to the payment of dividends. The Bank paid no dividends for the three months ended June 30, 2013. For the three months ended June 30, 2012, the Bank paid dividends of $220 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Bank paid dividends of $120 million and $270 million, respectively.

For further discussion of our various sources of liquidity, such as the FFELP ABCP Facilities, the Bank, our continued access to the ABS market, our asset-backed financing facilities, the lending agreement we entered into with the FHLB-DM and our issuance of unsecured debt, see “Note 6 — Borrowings” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The following table reconciles encumbered and unencumbered assets and their net impact on total tangible equity.

 

(Dollars in billions)		June 30, 2013				March 31, 2013				June 30, 2012
Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities (encumbered assets) — FFELP Loans		$	5.8			$	6.4			$	6.9
Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities (encumbered assets) — Private Education Loans			6.5				6.7				5.9
Tangible unencumbered assets(1)			21.0				21.2				20.2
Unsecured debt			(25.5	)			(26.7	)			(24.6	)
Mark-to-market on unsecured hedged debt(2)			(1.0	)			(1.5	)			(1.8	)
Other liabilities, net			(1.8	)			(1.4	)			(2.1	)
Total tangible equity		$	5.0			$	4.7			$	4.5

 

(1)

Excludes goodwill and acquired intangible assets.

 

(2)

At June 30, 2013, March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2012, there were $1.0 billion, $1.2 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, of net gains on derivatives hedging this debt in unencumbered assets, which partially offset these losses.

 

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“Core Earnings” Basis Borrowings

The following table presents the ending balances of our “Core Earnings” basis borrowings.

 

		June 30, 2013												March 31, 2013												June 30, 2012
(Dollars in millions)		Short Term				Long Term				Total				Short Term				Long Term				Total				Short Term				Long Term				Total
Unsecured borrowings:
Senior unsecured debt		$	3,063			$	14,433			$	17,496			$	2,778			$	15,167			$	17,945			$	2,359			$	16,131			$	18,490
Brokered deposits			1,298				2,247				3,545				1,170				2,782				3,952				765				1,550				2,315
Retail and other deposits			3,686				—				3,686				3,643				—				3,643				2,367				—				2,367
Other(1)			825				—				825				1,240				—				1,240				1,422				—				1,422
Total unsecured borrowings			8,872				16,680				25,552				8,831				17,949				26,780				6,913				17,681				24,594
Secured borrowings:
FFELP Loan securitizations			—				92,428				92,428				—				100,750				100,750				—				107,545				107,545
Private Education Loan securitizations			—				20,594				20,594				—				20,252				20,252				—				19,803				19,803
ED Conduit Program facility			—				—				—				6,967				—				6,967				15,903				—				15,903
FFELP ABCP Facilities			6,524				2,816				9,340				—				5,114				5,114				—				5,435				5,435
Private Education Loan ABCP Facility			—				—				—				539				—				539				—				1,764				1,764
Acquisition financing(2)			—				505				505				—				576				576				—				813				813
FHLB-DM Facility			1,115				1,220				2,335				880				1,220				2,100				1,680				—				1,680
Total secured borrowings			7,639				117,563				125,202				8,386				127,912				136,298				17,583				135,360				152,943
Total “Core Earnings” basis			16,511				134,243				150,754				17,217				145,861				163,078				24,496				153,041				177,537
Hedge accounting adjustments			47				1,636				1,683				37				2,026				2,063				(3	)			2,435				2,432
Total GAAP basis		$	16,558			$	135,879			$	152,437			$	17,254			$	147,887			$	165,141			$	24,493			$	155,476			$	179,969

 

(1)	“Other” primarily consists of the obligation to return cash collateral held related to derivative exposure.

 

(2)	Relates to the acquisition of $25 billion of student loans at the end of 2010.

Transactions during the Second-Quarter 2013

The following financing transactions have taken place in the second quarter of 2013:

FFELP Financings:

 

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April 11, 2013 — issued $1.2 billion in FFELP ABS.

 

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June 20, 2013 — issued $1.2 billion in FFELP ABS.

Private Education Loan Financings:

 

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May 2, 2013 — issued $1.1 billion Private Education Loan ABS.

FFELP ABCP Facility

On June 10, 2013, we closed on a new $6.8 billion credit facility, which matures in June 2014, to facilitate the term securitization of FFELP Loans. The facility was used in June 2013 to refinance all of the FFELP Loans previously financed through the ED Conduit Program. As a result, we ended our participation in the ED Conduit Program prior to the January 19, 2014 maturity date.

Sales of FFELP Securitization Trust Residual Interests

On April 11, 2013, we sold the Residual Interest in a FFELP Loan securitization trust to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trust under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $2.03 billion and related liabilities of $1.99 billion from our balance sheet. The gain from the transaction added $0.14 to our second-quarter 2013 diluted earnings per share.

 

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On June 13, 2013, we sold the three Residual Interests in FFELP Loan securitization trusts to a third party. We will continue to service the student loans in the trusts under existing agreements. The sale removed securitization trust assets of $6.60 billion and related liabilities of $6.42 billion from our balance sheet. The gain from the transaction added $0.23 to our second-quarter 2013 diluted earnings per share.

Shareholder distributions

In second-quarter 2013, we paid a common stock dividend of $0.15 per share.

We repurchased 9 million shares of common stock for $201 million in the second quarter of 2013, or an aggregate of 19 million shares for $400 million in the first half of 2013, fully utilizing our February 2013 share repurchase program authorization. In July 2013, we authorized $400 million to be utilized in a new common share repurchase program that does not have an expiration date.

Recent Third-Quarter 2013 Transactions

On July 17, we closed on a $1.1 billion ABCP borrowing facility that matures on August 15, 2015. The facility will be used to fund the call and redemption of our SLM 2009-D Private Education Loan Trust ABS, anticipated to occur on August 15, 2013.

 

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