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EXCEL - IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT - Deyu Agriculture Corp.Financial_Report.xls
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - Deyu Agriculture Corp.v312208_ex31-1.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - Deyu Agriculture Corp.v312208_ex32-1.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - Deyu Agriculture Corp.v312208_ex31-2.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - Deyu Agriculture Corp.v312208_ex32-2.htm

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q


xQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2012

 

or

 

¨TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from ______to______.

 

  DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP.  
 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in

its

charter)

 

 

Nevada   333-160476   80-0329825

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

  (Commission File No.)  

(I.R.S. Employer Identification

No.)

 

Headquarters in China

8th Floor, Block 5, Aolinjiatai Building

1 Kehuiqian Street

Chaoyang District, Beijing, China

Zip Code: 100192

 

Office in the United States

Columbus Circle 5

1790 Broadway, 8th Floor

New York, New York 10019, USA

 

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)
(Address of principal executive offices)

In China: 86-10-5224 1802

In the United States: (646) 820-8060

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).Yes No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company filer.  See definition of “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

 

Large Accelerated Filer   ¨         Accelerated Filer   ¨         Non-Accelerated Filer   ¨         Smaller Reporting Company   x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x

 

As of May 11, 2012, there were 10,566,766 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.

 

 
 

 

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP.

 

FORM 10-Q

 

MARCH 31, 2012

 

INDEX

 

PART I  
     
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 3
     
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS  OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONAND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 29
     
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 42
     
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 42
     
PART II 43
     
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 43
     
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 43
     
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 43
     
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES 43
     
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. 43
     
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION 43
     
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 43
     
SIGNATURES 47

 

-2-
 

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

MARCH 31, 2012

 

Consolidated Financial Statements: 3
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) 4
   
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) 5
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) 6
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 7

 

-3-
 

 

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS  

 

   March 31,
2012
   December 31,
2011
 
   (Unaudited)   (Audited) 
Assets          
Current Assets          
Cash and cash equivalents  $7,235,245   $8,741,703 
Restricted cash   502,968    1,850,999 
Accounts receivable, net   27,880,426    36,167,136 
Due from related parties   124,834    587,108 
Inventory   30,925,864    20,314,090 
Advance to supplier   4,542,194    7,233,371 
Prepaid expenses   929,307    391,537 
Assets held for sale   -    1,634,274 
Other current assets   1,516,512    2,204,934 
Total Current Assets   73,657,350    79,125,152 
           
Property, plant, and equipment, net   20,497,965    12,355,946 
Construction-in-progress   1,676,788    - 
Long-term Investment   57,801    - 
Other assets   946,524    727,535 
Intangible assets, net   13,377,253    10,651,844 
           
Total Assets  $110,213,681   $102,860,477 
           
Liabilities and Equity          
           
Current Liabilities          
Short-term loan  $21,177,769   $14,413,480 
Accounts payable   2,755,080    1,833,190 
Note payables   -    1,588,840 
Advance from customers   2,398,303    8,488,272 
Accrued expenses   1,594,801    1,149,205 
Tax payable   231,183    - 
Preferred stock dividends payable   110,291    219,721 
Due to related parties   5,267,022    5,445,115 
Other current liabilities   1,187,517    583,196 
Total Current Liabilities   34,721,966    33,721,019 
           
Equity          
Series A convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized,  1,997,467 shares issued and outstanding   1,997    1,997 
Common stock, $.001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized, 10,564,774 shares issued and outstanding   10,565    10,565 
Additional paid-in capital   20,495,497    20,367,138 
Other comprehensive income   4,868,917    4,831,353 
Retained earnings   49,699,525    43,491,465 
Total Stockholders' Equity   75,076,501    68,702,518 
Noncontrolling Interests   415,214    436,940 
Total Equity   75,491,715    69,139,458 
           
Total Liabilities and Equity  $110,213,681   $102,860,477 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

-4-
 

 

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

 

   For The Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2012   2011 
         
Net revenue  $62,739,469   $36,645,816 
Cost of goods sold   (50,319,668)   (28,804,699)
Gross Profit   12,419,801    7,841,117 
           
Selling expenses   (4,158,372)   (2,223,403)
General and administrative expenses   (1,858,774)   (1,310,160)
Total Operating Expense   (6,017,146)   (3,533,563)
Operating income   6,402,655    4,307,554 
           
Interest income   11,538    6,415 
Interest expense   (484,544)   (78,938)
Non-operating income   568,346    40,460 
Total Other Expense   95,340    (32,063)
           
Income from continuing operations before income taxes   6,497,995    4,275,491 
Income taxes   (201,294)   230,265 
Income from continuing operations   6,296,701    4,505,756 
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes   -    (1,209,007)
           
Net income   6,296,701    3,296,749 
           
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests:          
Net loss from continuing operations   21,434    - 
Net loss from discontinued operations   -    144,183 
Total net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests   21,434    144,183 
Net income attributable to Deyu Agriculture Corp.   6,318,135    3,440,932 
Preferred stock dividends   (110,075)   (97,687)
Net income available to common stockholders   6,208,060    3,343,245 
Foreign currency translation gain   37,273    371,160 
Comprehensive income   6,245,333    3,714,405 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests   292    (7,330)
Comprehensive income attributable to Deyu Agriculture Corp.  $6,245,625   $3,707,075 
           
Amounts attributable to common stockholders:          
Net income from continuing operations, net of income taxes  $6,208,060   $4,408,069 
Discontinued operations, net of income taxes   -    (1,064,824)
Net income attributable to common stockholders  $6,208,060   $3,343,245 
           
Net income attributable to common stockholders per share - basic:          
Income from continuing operations  $0.59   $0.42 
Loss from discontinuing operations   -    (0.10)
Net income attributable to common stockholders  $0.59   $0.32 
           
Net income attributable to common stockholders per share - diluted:          
Income from continuing operations  $0.50   $0.31 
Loss from discontinuing operations   -    (0.07)
Net income attributable to common stockholders  $0.50   $0.24 
           
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic   10,564,774    10,469,774 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted   12,580,609    14,581,134 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

-5-
 

 

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

 

   For The Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2012   2011 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES          
Net income available to common stockholders  $6,208,060   $3,343,245 
Loss from discontinued operations attributable to Deyu Agriculture Corp.   -    1,209,007 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash          
provided by operating activities:          
Depreciation & amortization   595,270    228,864 
Allowance for doubtful accounts   31,967    - 
Reserve for inventory valuatiom   -    - 
Share-based compensation   128,359    137,588 
Preferred stock dividends accrued   110,075    106,210 
Grain on bargain purchase   (499,079)   - 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)   30,327    (230,265)
Noncontrolling interests   (21,434)   - 
Decrease (increase) in current assets:          
Accounts receivable   8,368,802    (7,076,584)
Related-parties trade receivable   539,894    - 
Inventories   (9,326,178)   2,900,979 
Advance to suppliers   3,522,357    (1,920,033)
Prepaid expense and other current assets   (557,328)   (1,402,723)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:          
Accounts payable   602,144    623,078 
Advance from customers   (6,298,935)   695,488 
Accrued expense and other liabilities   511,846    797,243 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of continuing operations   3,946,147    (587,903)
Net cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations   -    (228,600)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities   3,946,147    (816,503)
           
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES          
Consideration paid for acquisition   (5,183,125)   - 
Purchase of machinery and equipment   (24,524)   (79,906)
Construction and remodeling of factory and warehouses   -    (279,112)
Cash held by the Taizihu Group at acquisition date   20,272    - 
Advances to related parties   (78,863)   - 
Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations   (5,266,240)   (359,018)
Net cash used in investing activities of discontinued operations   -    (1,934,613)
Net cash used in investing activities   (5,266,240)   (2,293,631)
           
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES          
Cash released from restriction (restricted) for credit line of bank acceptance notes   1,584,728    (2,280,224)
Net proceeds from short-term loans from bank   261,494    - 
Net repayments of short-term bank acceptance notes   (1,584,811)   - 
Net proceeds (repayments of) from short-term loans from related parties   (251,834)   3,451,475 
Payment of preferred dividends   (219,290)   (239,407)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities of continuing operations   (209,713)   931,844 
Net cash provided by financing activities of discontinued operations   -    2,173,078 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities   (209,713)   3,104,922 
           
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGE ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS   23,348    39,065 
           
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS   (1,506,458)   33,853 
NET DECREASE IN CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS   -    (13,778)
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS   (1,506,458)   20,075 
           
CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING BALANCE   8,741,703    5,791,418 
CASH & CASH EQUIVALENTS, ENDING BALANCE  $7,235,245   $5,811,493 
    -      
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES:          
Income tax paid  $-   $- 
Interest paid  $332,094   $78,878 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 

-6-
 

  

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

 

NOTE 1.NATURE OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPARATION

 

Deyu Agriculture Corp. (the “Company”), formerly known as Eco Building International, Inc., was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on December 23, 2008.  We completed the acquisition of City Zone Holdings Limited (“City Zone”), an agricultural products distributor in the Shanxi Province of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) engaged in procuring, processing, marketing, and distributing various grain and corn products, by means of a share exchange, effective April 27, 2010.  As a result of the share exchange, City Zone became our wholly-owned subsidiary.  We currently conduct our business primarily through the operating PRC subsidiaries, including Jinzhong Deyu Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. (“Jinzhong Deyu”), Jinzhong Yuliang Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. (“Jinzhong Yuliang”), Jinzhong Yongcheng Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. (“Jinzhong Yongcheng”), Shanxi Taizihu Food Co., Ltd. (“Taizihu”) and Shanxi HuiChun Bean Products Co., Ltd. (“Huichun” and together with Taizihu, the “Taizihu Group”, see Note 20) and Betian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Detian Yu”) and its subsidiaries.

 

On May 11, 2010, our Board of Directors adopted a resolution to change our name to "Deyu Agriculture Corp."  FINRA declared the name change effective on June 2, 2010.

 

Reverse Acquisition

 

On April 27, 2010, we entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (“Share Exchange”) under which we issued 8,736,932 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, to Expert Venture Limited (“Expert Venture”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, and the other shareholders of City Zone (“the “City Zone Shareholders”).  As a result of the Share Exchange, City Zone became our wholly-owned subsidiary and City Zone Shareholders acquired a majority of our issued and outstanding common stocks.  Concurrent with the Share Exchange, Mr. Jianming Hao (“Mr. Hao”), the managing director of City Zone and all of its operating subsidiaries, was appointed our Chief Executive Officer.

 

As a result, the Share Exchange has been accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the purchase method of accounting, whereby City Zone is deemed to be the accounting acquirer (legal acquiree) and we are to be the accounting acquiree (legal acquirer).  The financial statements before the date of the Share Exchange are those of City Zone with our results being consolidated from the date of the Share exchange.  The equity section and earnings per share have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse acquisition and no goodwill has been recorded.

 

City Zone was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on July 27, 2009 under the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004.  In November 2009, pursuant to a restructuring plan set out below, City Zone has become the holding company of a group of companies comprising Most Smart, Shenzhen Redsun, Shenzhen JiRuHai, Beijing Detian Yu, Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng, and Jinzhong Yuliang.

 

Restructuring

 

In November 2009, pursuant to a restructuring plan (“Restructuring”) intended to ensure compliance with the PRC rules and regulations, City Zone, through a series of acquisitions and wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired 100% equity interests in Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzheng Yuliang, and Jinzhong Yongcheng.  The former shareholders and key management of Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng, and Jinzhong Yuliang became the ultimate controlling parties and key management of City Zone.  This restructuring exercise has been accounted for as a recapitalization of Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng, and Jinzhong Yuliang with no adjustment to the historical basis of the assets and liabilities of these companies, while the historical financial positions and results of operations are consolidated as if the restructuring occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.  For the purpose of consistent and comparable presentation, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if City Zone had been in existence since the beginning of the earliest and throughout the whole periods covered by these consolidated financial statements.

 

-7-
 

 

Variable Interest Entities

 

On November 16, 2010, Detian Yu entered into a series of contractual arrangements (the “Contractual Arrangements”) with each of Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Junda”), Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consultancy Services Co., Ltd. (“Longyue”), and their shareholders, pursuant to which Detian Yu effectively took over management of the business activities of Junda and Longyue.

 

Junda is a limited liability company incorporated in the PRC on June 13, 2010 with registered capital of $14,637 (or RMB 100,000) by Jianming Hao, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Wenjun Tian, President and Executive Director of the Company.  As of December 31, 2010, Junda’s equity interest was 100% held by several executives and managers of the Company, including (a) Jianming Hao, owning 33% of Junda, (b) Wenjun Tian, owning 34% of Junda, (c) Jianbin Zhou, the Chief Operating Officer of the Company, owning 10% of Junda, (d) Li Ren, Vice President of Branding and Marketing of the Company, owning 5% of Junda, (e) Yongqing Ren, Vice President of the Corn Division of the Company, owning 3% of Junda and (f) Junde Zhang, Vice President of the Grains Division of the Company, owning 3% of Junda.  As a result, the execution of the Contractual Arrangements with Junda is considered a related party transaction.

 

The Contractual Arrangements are comprised of a series of agreements with a term of ten (10) years, including:

 

·Exclusive Management and Consulting Service Agreements, through which Detian Yu shall provide to each of Junda and Longyue management consulting services in relation to the business of Junda and Longyue in exchange for 35% of the net income after taxes of Junda and Longyue every fiscal year.

 

·Business Cooperation Agreements, through which Detian Yu shall provide business cooperation opportunities and services including clients, cooperation partners and market information in the fields of grain processing, sales and financing to each of Junda and Longyue in exchange for cooperation fees and commissions from each of Junda and Longyue equal to 65% of the net income after tax of each of Junda and Longyue in every fiscal year.

 

·Business Operations Agreements, through which Detian Yu has exclusive authority of all decision-making of ongoing operations, including establishing compensation levels and hiring and firing of key personnel.  In order to ensure normal operation of Junda and Longyue, Detian Yu agrees to act as the guarantor and provide guarantee on the performance of the obligations of Junda and Longyue under all contracts executed by Junda and Longyue.

 

·Share Pledge Agreements, through which the shareholders of Junda and Longyue have agreed to pledge all of their respective equity interests in Junda or Longyue (as the case may be) as security for the performance of all of the obligations or debts under the Exclusive Management and Consulting Service Agreements and Business Cooperation Agreements assumed by Junda and Longyue, and under a counter-guarantee to all the payments made by Detian Yu for the performance of the guarantees assumed by Detian Yu under the Business Operation Agreements.

 

·Power of Attorney, signed by each of the shareholders of Junda and Longyue, authorizes a designee appointed by Detian Yu to exercise all of their respective voting rights as a shareholder.

 

·Equity Acquisition Option Agreements, through which the shareholders of Junda and Longyue granted Detian Yu an irrevocable and unconditional right to purchase, or cause a designated party of Detian Yu to purchase, part or all of the equity interests in Junda and Longyue from such shareholders, when and to the extent that, applicable PRC laws permit.  The consideration for the equity acquisition option for Junda is RMB 80,000,000 and the consideration for the equity option for Longyue is RMB 120,000,000.

 

-8-
 

 

On February 21, 2011, Deyufarm received capital injection of $3,800,505 (RMB 24,971,218) from SBCVC Fund III Company Limited ("SBCVC"), a company organized under the laws of Hong Kong, in exchange for 35.69% of Deyufarm's equity interest pursuant to the two Investment and Relevant Issues Agreements entered into by each of Junda and Longyue with Deyufarm and SBCVC on September 15, 2010. According to the Investment and Relevant Issues Agreements, SBCVC shall invest an equivalent of RMB 25,000,000 of US dollars to Deyufarm. Before or in the meantime that SBCVC completes such investment to Deyufarm, Longyue shall have invested RMB 35,000,000 to Deyufarm through a capital increase and obtained the relevant capital verification report. Any time within 2 years after completing an investment to Deyufarm, SBCVC has the right to require Deyufarm to repurchase in advance, or Junda or Longyue to purchase part of or all the equity interests of Deyufarm owned by SBCVC. The board of directors of Deyufarm shall be comprised of 3 directors, and Junda, Longyue and SBCVC shall each nominate one director. The board of directors shall nominate a financial administrator agreed to by SBCVC. Forty-eight (48) months after SBCVC completes its investment in Deyufarm, the parties shall consummate a qualified IPO of Deyufarm.

 

On February 25, 2011, Deyufarm received an additional capital injection of $4,495 (RMB 28,782) from SBCVC for 0.02% of Deyufarm's equity interest.

 

After the above two capital injections, SBCVC, Junda and Longyue currently own 35.71%, 14.29% and 50% of the equity interests in Deyufarm, respectively. The total registered capital of Deyufarm increased from $6,688,635 (RMB45,000,000) to $10,493,516 (RMB 70,000,000). SBCVC’s 35.71% equity interest in Deyufarm.

 

On December 20, 2011, Detian Yu entered into a series of termination agreements (collectively, the “Termination Agreements”) with each of Junda, Longyue and their shareholders, pursuant to which Detian Yu gave up the control management of the business activities of Junda and Longyue. According to the Termination Agreements, each side agreed to terminate the Contractual Arrangements entered into on November 16, 2010.

 

The Acquisition of the Taizihu Group

 

On February 2, 2012, Redsun Technology (Shenzhen) Co. Limited (“Shenzhen Redsun”), a company organized under the laws of PRC and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Stock Equity Transfer Agreement (the “Agreement”) whereby Shenzhen Redsun acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding registered share capital of the Taizihu Group. In consideration for the acquisition of Taizihu Group, Shenzhen Redsun paid $2,342,168 (or RMB 14,773,222) in cash to Mr. Hao He, an individual, for 50% of Taizihu, $1,522,409 (or RMB 9,602,594) in cash to Mr. Qinghe Xu, an individual, for 32.5% of Taizihu and $819,759 (or RMB5,170,628) in cash to Mr. Jinqing Xie, an individual, for the remaining 17.5% of Taizihu. Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Taizihu owned 85% of the issued and outstanding registered share capital of Huichun, and pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, Shenzhen Redsun acquired the remaining 15% of the share capital of Huichun from Beijing Kanggang Food Development Co., Ltd. for $817,845 (or RMB5,158,556). The total amount of the consideration paid for the acquisition of the Taizihu Group was $5,502,181 (RMB 34,705,000), and such consideration was determined pursuant to arm’s length negotiations between the parties. As a result of the acquisition, the Company owns and controls 100% of the Taizihu Group.

 

Consolidation Scope:

 

Details of our subsidiaries subject to consolidation are as follows:

 

   Domicile and      Percentage    
   Date of  Registered   of    
Name of Subsidiary  Incorporation  Capital   Ownership   Principal Activities
City Zone Holdings Limited ("City Zone")  British Virgin Islands, July 27, 2009  $20,283,581    100%  Holding company of Most Smart
Most Smart International Limited ("Most Smart")  Hong Kong,March 11, 2009  $1    100%  Holding company of Shenzhen Redsun
Redsun Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Redsun")  The PRC, August 20, 2009  $30,000    100%  Holding company of Shenzhen JiRuHai, Taizhihu and Huichun
Shenzhen JiRuHai Technology Co., Ltd.("Shenzhen JiRuHai")  The PRC, August 20, 2009  $14,638    100%  Holding company of Beijing Detian Yu
Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Detian Yu")  The PRC, November 30, 2006  $7,637,723    100%  Wholesale distribution of simple-processed and deep-processed packaged food products and staple food.  Holding company of the following first five entities.
Jinzhong Deyu Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. ("Jinzhong Deyu")  The PRC, April 22, 2004  $1,492,622    100%  Organic grains preliminary processing and wholesale distribution.
Jinzhong Yongcheng Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. ("Jinzhong Yongcheng")  The PRC, May 30, 2006  $1,025,787    100%  Corns preliminary processing and wholesale
Jinzhong Yuliang Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. ("Jinzhong Yuliang")  The PRC, March 17, 2008  $1,019,516    100%  Corns preliminary processing and wholesale distribution.
Tianjin Guandu Food Co., Ltd. ("Tianjin Guandu")  The PRC, June 21, 2011  $1,544,497    100%  Wholesale distribution of simple-processed and deep-processed packaged food products and staple food.
Hebei Yugu Grain Co., Ltd. ("Hebei Yugu")  The PRC, July 25, 2011  $1,563,824    70%  Wholesale distribution of grain products and operating or acting as an agent of import & export business for grain products.
Shanxi Taizihu Food Co., Ltd. (“Taizihu”) (1)  The PRC, July 27, 2003  $1,208,233    100%  producing and selling fruit beverages and soybean products.
Shanxi HuiChun Bean Products Co., Ltd. (“Huichun”)(1)  The PRC, September 2, 2007  $2,636,192    100%  producing and selling fruit beverages and soybean products.
Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd. ("Junda")(2)  The PRC, June 13, 2010  $14,637    Variable interest   Shareholding of Deyufarm (14.29%)
Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consultancy Services Co., Ltd. ("Longyue")(2)  The PRC, June 2, 2010  $4,393    Variable interest   Shareholding of Deyufarm (50%)
Deyufarm Innovation Food (Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("Deyufarm")(2)  The PRC, June 13, 2010  $10,493,516    Variable interest   Wholesale distribution of packaged food products and instant millet beverage. Holding company of the following two companies.
Sichuan HaoLiangXin Instant Food Co., Ltd. ("HaoLiangXin")(2)  The PRC, April 25, 2008  $1,202,460    Variable interest   Manufacturing and wholesale distribution of instant grain vermicelli and buckwheat tea products.
Beijing Xinggu Deyufarm Food Co., Ltd. ("Xinggu Deyufarm")(2)  The PRC, November 25, 2010  $1,515,152    Variable interest   Manufacturing of instant grain vermicelli products.

 

(1)Taizihu and Huichun became the wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company on February 2, 2012 through a business acquisition. They are within consolidation scope since then.

 

(2) Detian Yu terminated its control over the Junda, Longyue, Deyufarm, Haoliangxin, Xinggu Deyufarm, (collectively, the “VIE Group”) on December 20, 2011. The operation results of the VIE Group are included in the consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2011.

 

-9-
 

 

NOTE 2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of presentation

 

The unaudited consolidated financial statements of Deyu Agriculture Corp. and subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements. However, the information included in these interim financial statements reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and the consolidated results of operations. Results shown for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full year. The consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2011 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with that report. Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.

  

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Deyu Agriculture Corp., its subsidiaries, and those variable interest entities where the Company is the primary beneficiary.  All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  Results of operations of companies purchased are included from the dates of acquisition.

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  The Company’s function currency is the Chinese Yuan, or Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).

 

On April 27, 2010, as a result of the consummation of the Share Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from May 31 to December 31 to conform to the fiscal year end of City Zone.

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes its estimates based on historical experience and various other assumptions and information that are available and believed to be reasonable at the time the estimates are made. Therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash in bank and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

 

As a result of the financings associated with the reverse merger, we had, as of December 31, 2010, $125,560 in a trust account. The use of these funds requires the written approval of our placement agent and us. The funds in the escrow account were designated for certain expenses, such as investor relations, accounting/consulting fees, SEC fees, and stock transfer agent fees. This amount was classified as restricted cash under current assets on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2010, while the restriction has been released in 2011.

  

As of March 31, 2012, $262,092 of cash was restricted as the pledge for $2,121,101 (RMB 13,350,000) and $262,009 (RMB 1,650,000 of bank loans obtained from China Merchants Bank at Dongzhimen branch in November 2011 and January 11, 2012, respectively; $240,876 of cash was restricted as pledges for bank loans of $793,966 (RMB 5,000,000), $1,429,139 (RMB 9,000,000) and $2,381,898 (RMB 15, 000,000) obtained from Agriculture Development Bank of China in November 2011, May 2011 and December in 2010, respectively.

 

Accounts receivable

 

Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value consisting of the carrying amount less allowance for doubtful accounts, as needed.  We assess the collectability of accounts receivable based primarily upon the creditworthiness of the customer as determined by credit checks and analysis, as well as the customer’s payment history.  Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends, and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves.  As of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, there were no customers with accounts receivable greater than six months past due.

 

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Inventories

 

The Company's inventories are stated at lower of cost or market.  Cost is determined on moving-average basis.  Costs of inventories include purchase and related costs incurred in delivering the products to their present location and condition.  Market value is determined by reference to selling prices after the balance sheet date or to management’s estimates based on prevailing market conditions.  Management periodically evaluates the composition of its inventories at least quarterly to identify slow-moving and obsolete inventories to determine if valuation allowance is required.  As of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, slow moving or obsolete inventory identified by management was not material.

 

Assets held for sales

 

A long-lived asset to be sold shall be classified as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: (a) Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset. (b) The asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets. (c) An active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset have been initiated. (d) The sale of the asset is probable, and transfer of the asset is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within one year, except as permitted by paragraph ASC 360-10-45-11. The term probable refers to a future sale that is likely to occur. (e) The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value. The price at which a long-lived asset is being marketed is indicative of whether the entity currently has the intent and ability to sell the asset. A market price that is reasonable in relation to fair value indicates that the asset is available for immediate sale, whereas a market price in excess of fair value indicates that the asset is not available for immediate sale. (f) Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

 

A loss shall be recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down to fair value less cost to sell. A gain shall be recognized for any subsequent increase in fair value less cost to sell, but not in excess of the cumulative loss previously recognized (for a write-down to fair value less cost to sell). The loss or gain shall adjust only the carrying amount of a long-lived asset, whether classified as held for sale individually or as part of a disposal group.

 

Property, plant, and equipment

 

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized.  When property, plant, and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations.

 

 Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 

    Useful Life
(in years)
 
Automobiles   5  
Buildings   10-30  
Office equipment   5  
Machinery and equipment   5-10  
Furniture & fixtures   5  

 

Construction-in-progress

 

Construction-in-progress consists of amounts expended for a new factory park construction and the cost of the portion of the land use right the new factory park occupied. Construction-in-progress is not depreciated until such time as the assets are completed and put into service.  Once factory park construction is completed, the cost accumulated in construction-in-progress is transferred to property, plant, and equipment.

 

-11-
 

 

Long-lived assets

 

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 360 (ASC 360), "Property, Plant, and Equipment" which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.  The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used in accordance with ASC 360, at least on an annual basis.  ASC 360 requires the impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived assets.  Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost of disposal.

 

Intangible assets

 

For intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the intangible asset is not recoverable and exceeds fair value.  The carrying amount of the intangible asset is considered not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset.

 

Fair value measurements

 

FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (formerly SFAS No. 157) defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments to base fair value on exit price and maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit price.  It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.  This hierarchy increases the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available.  Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company.  Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.  The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

 

·Level 1 – Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.  Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly available.

 

·Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

·Level 3 – Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data.  The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

 

This guidance applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements.  On February 12, 2008, the FASB finalized FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 (ASC 820).  This Staff Position delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 (ASC 820) for nonfinancial assets and liabilities to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years, except for those items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually).  The adoption of SFAS No. 157 (ASC 820) had no effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

 

-12-
 

 

 We also analyze all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480-10 (formerly SFAS 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity”) and ASC 815-40 (formerly EITF 00-19, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock”).  We have determined ASC 480-10 (formerly SFAS 150) and ASC 815-40 (formerly EITF 00-19) has no material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in compliance with the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (“SAB 104”).  The Company recognizes product revenue when the following fundamental criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) our price to the customer is fixed or determinable and (iv) collection of the resulting accounts receivable is reasonably assured.  The Company recognizes revenue for product sales upon transfer of title to the customer.  Customer purchase orders and/or contracts are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement.  Shipping documents and the completion of any customer acceptance requirements, when applicable, are used to verify product delivery or that services have been rendered.  The Company assesses whether a price is fixed or determinable based upon the payment terms associated with the transaction and whether the sales price is subject to refund or adjustment.

 

The Company’s revenue is recognized net of value-added tax (VAT), reductions to revenue for estimated product returns, and sales discounts based on volume achieved in the same period that the related revenue is recorded.  The estimates are based on historical sales returns, analysis of credit memo data, and other factors known at the time.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, sales discounts from continuing operations were $0 and $42,513, respectively.

 

We offer a right of exchange on our grain products sold through our relationship with grocery store networks.  The consumer who purchases the product may exchange it for the same kind and quantity of product originally purchased.  In accordance with FASB ASC 605-15-25-1 and 605-15-15-2, these are not considered returns for revenue recognition purposes.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the returns of our product were not material. 

 

Advertising costs

 

The Company expenses the cost of advertising as incurred or, as appropriate, the first time the advertising takes place.  Advertising costs from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 were $476,459 and $125,394, respectively.  

 

Research and development

 

The Company expenses its research and development costs as incurred.  Research and development costs from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 were not material.

 

Stock-based compensation

 

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standard Board, or the FASB, issued the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment”, which replaces SFAS No. 123 and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25.  SFAS No. 123(R) is now included in the FASB’s ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”  Under SFAS No. 123(R), companies are required to measure the compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognize the costs in the financial statements over the period during which employees or independent contractors are required to provide services.  Share-based compensation arrangements include stock options and warrants, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans.  In March 2005, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, or SAB 107, which expresses views of the staff regarding the interaction between SFAS No. 123(R) and certain SEC rules and regulations and provides the staff’s views regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies.  SFAS No. 123(R) permits public companies to adopt its requirements using one of two methods.  On April 14, 2005, the SEC adopted a new rule amending the compliance dates for SFAS No. 123(R).  Companies may elect to apply this statement either prospectively, or on a modified version of retrospective application under which financial statements for prior periods are adjusted on a basis consistent with the pro forma disclosures required for those periods under SFAS No. 123.

 

-13-
 

 

 The Company has fully adopted the provisions of FASB ASC 718 and related interpretations as provided by SAB 107.  As such, compensation cost is measured on the date of grant as the fair value of the share-based payments.  Such compensation amounts, if any, are amortized over the respective vesting periods of the option grant.

 

Income taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.”  ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences.  Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

 

Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination.  For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.  The adoption had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Foreign currency translation and comprehensive income

 

U.S. GAAP requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income.  Certain statements, however, require entities to report specific changes in assets and liabilities, such as gain or loss on foreign currency translation, as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet.  Such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.  The functional currency of the Company is Renminbi (“RMB”).  The unit of RMB is in Yuan.  Translation gains are classified as an item of other comprehensive income in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet.

 

Statement of cash flows

 

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies.  As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets.

 

Discontinued operations

 

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in these consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2011 presentation of discontinued operations of the VIE Group for the deep processed grain business. See Notes 1 and 3 for additional information.

 

Recent pronouncements

 

In January 2010, FASB issued an amendment regarding improving disclosures about fair value measurements. This new guidance requires some new disclosures and clarifies some existing disclosure requirements about fair value measurement. The new disclosures and clarifications of existing disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements in the roll forward of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements. Those disclosures are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. There was no impact from the adoption of this guidance to our consolidated financial position or results of operations as the amendment only addresses disclosures.

 

-14-
 

 

In April 2010, FASB issued an amendment to Stock Compensation. The amendment clarifies that an employee stock-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity shares trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, an entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations since our stock-based payment awards have an exercise price denominated in the same currency of the market in which our Company shares are traded.

 

In May 2011, FASB issued an amendment (ASU No. 2011-04) to Fair Value Measurement (ASC Topic 820). In 2006, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published a Memorandum of Understanding, which has served as the foundation of the Board’s efforts to a common set of high quality global accounting standards. Consistent with the Memorandum of Understanding and the Board’s commitment to achieving the goal, the amendments in this Update are the result of the work by the FASB and the IASB to develop common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

In May 2011, FASB issued an amendment (ASU No. 2011-05) to Comprehensive Income (ASC Topic 220). The amendment require that all nonowner changes in stockholders’ equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In the two-statement approach, the first statement should present total net income and its components followed consecutively by a second statement that should present total other comprehensive income, the components of other comprehensive income, and the total of comprehensive income. The Company had adopted this guidance to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

In September 2011, FASB issued an amendment (ASU No. 2011-08) to Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (ASC Topic 350). The amendments in the Update permit an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in Topic 350. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, as described in paragraph 350-20-35-4. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the entity is required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any, as described in paragraph 350-20-35-9. The Company had adopted this guidance to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

In December 2011, FASB issued an Update (ASU No. 2011-10) to Property, Plant, and Equipment (ASC Topic 360). Under the amendments in this Update, when a parent (reporting entity) ceases to have a controlling financial interest (as described in Subtopic 810-10) in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate as a result of default on the subsidiary’s nonrecourse debt, the reporting entity should apply the guidance in Subtopic 360-20 to determine whether it should derecognize the in substance real estate. Generally, a reporting entity would not satisfy the requirements to derecognize the in substance real estate before the legal transfer of the real estate to the lender and the extinguishment of the related nonrecourse indebtedness. That is, even if the reporting entity ceases to have a controlling financial interest under Subtopic 810-10, the reporting entity would continue to include the real estate, debt, and the results of the subsidiary’s operations in its consolidated financial statements until legal title to the real estate is transferred to legally satisfy the debt. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

-15-
 

 

In December 2011, FASB issued an Update (ASU No. 2011-11) to Balance Sheet (ASC Topic 210) regarding disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. Pursuant to this Update, entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

NOTE 3.DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

 

On December 20, 2011, Detian Yu terminated its control over the VIE Group (see Note 2). The results of the VIE Group for the three months ended March 31, 2011 have been presented as a discontinued operation in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Selected operating results for the discontinued business are presented in the following tables:

 

   For The Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2012   2011 
Net revenue  $-   $4,786,445 
Cost of goods sold   -    (4,274,227)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses   -    (2,126,287)
Interest income, net   -    4,560 
Other income, net   -    4,517 
Loss before income taxes   -    (1,604,992)
Income taxes benefits   -    395,985 
Net loss  $-   $(1,209,007)

 

NOTE 4.BUSINESS COMBINATION

 

On February 2, 2012, Shenzhen Redsun, wholly-owned by Deyu Agriculture Corp., acquired 100% of the equity interest of Taizihu Group for cash consideration of RMB34,705,000 ($5,502,181).  The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the purchase method of accounting.  Taizihu Group’s results of operations were included in Deyu’s results beginning February 3, 2012.  The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their fair value at the acquisition date as summarized in the following:

 

Purchase price  $5,502,181 
      
Allocation of the purchase price:     
Cash and cash equivalents   28,867 
Restricted cash   240,474 
Accounts receivable, net   133,863 
Inventory   1,373,222 
Advance to supplier   840,849 
Prepaid expenses   5,412 
Other current assets   445,287 
Property, plant, and equipment, net   5,891,772 
Construction-in-progress   1,673,997 
Long-term Investment   57,705 
Other assets   59,448 
Intangible assets, net   2,823,087 
Short-term loan   (6,499,683)
Accounts payable   (319,077)
Advance from customers   (225,819)
Accrued expenses   (167,453)
Tax Payable   (65,192)
Due to related parties   (80,551)
Other current liabilities   (214,948)
Fair value of net assets acquired   6,001,260 
      
Grain on bargain purchase  $(499,079)

 

NOTE 5.ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

 

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Accounts receivable  $27,880,426   $36,167,136 
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts   -    - 
Accounts receivable, net  $27,880,426   $36,167,136 

 

NOTE 6.INVENTORY

 

Inventory consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Raw materials  $9,588,542   $8,108,503 
Work in process   460,549    1,971 
Finished goods   19,963,467    12,109,353 
Supplies   913,305    94,263 
Total Inventory  $30,925,864   $20,314,090 

 

NOTE 7.PREPAID EXPENSES

 

Prepaid expenses consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Deductible value-added taxes (VAT)  $755,020   $92,531 
Prepaid rent   59,882    88,889 
Prepaid bank loan guarantee fee   33,082    83,899 
Prepaid advertisement    -    46,376 
Prepaid other expenses   81,323    79,842 
Total  $929,307   $391,537 

 

-16-
 

 

NOTE 8.ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

  

Assets held for sale as of December 31, 2011 represent the cost of timber, timberland and farmland (collectively the “timberland) amounted to RMB 10.3 million ($1.6 million), which management assessed approximating its fair value. The company exchanged the timberland for an office building with paying cash consideration of RMB 7.2 million ($1.1 million) for the variance between the fair values of the office building and the timberland on March 19, 2012. No material gain or loss was generated from this exchange transaction.

 

NOTE 9.PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

 

Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,
2012
   December 31,
2011
 
Automobiles  $930,894   $896,648 
Buildings   16,397,142    9,593,679 
Office equipment   374,290    408,203 
Machinery and equipment   7,277,614    2,954,783 
Furniture and fixtures   705,501    605,705 
Total cost   25,685,439    14,459,018 
Less: Accumulated depreciation   (5,187,475)   (2,103,072)
Property, plant, and equipment, net  $20,497,965   $12,355,946 

 

The buildings owned by the Company located in Jinzhong and Quwo, Shanxi Province, China are used for production, warehousing, and offices for our corn grains business. The company exchanged its timberland for an office building of RMB 17.5million ($2.8million) on March 19, 2012, of which depreciation commenced in April 2011.

 

As of March 31 2012, RMB 36 million ($5,677,814) of buildings, machinery and equipment owned by the Taizihu Group were pledged as collateral for the short-term bank loans.

 

Depreciation expense from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was $411,688 and $207,855, respectively.

 

NOTE 10.CONSTRUCTION-IN-PROGRESS

  

Construction-in-progress amounted to $1,676,788 as of March 31, 2012, mainly represents payment on the construction of a new factory park and the cost of partial of the land use right where the new factory park occupied.

 

NOTE 11.INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Land use rights  $12,835,717   $9,808,497 
Software-ERP System and B2C platform   1,047,670    1,032,746 
Less: Accumulated amortization   (506,134)   (189,399)
Total  $13,377,253   $10,651,844 

 

According to government regulations of the PRC, the PRC Government owns all land. The Company owns the land use rights of farmland and industrial lands. The Company leases and obtains a certificate of right of 11,667 square meters with the PRC Government in Jingzhong, Shanxi Province where Jinzhong Deyu’s buildings and production facility are located at. The term of the right is four to five years and renewed upon expiration. The right was fully amortized as of December 31, 2010 using the straight-line method. The term of the right was for the period from March 14, 2007 to March 14, 2011. The Company has been in the process of renewing the land use right certificate since the expiration date. According to a Certification issued by the Jinzhong Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources on March 30, 2011, Jinzhong Deyu holds the legal title of the land use rights during the period of the renewal process.

 

Taizihu leases and obtains a certificate of right to use the industrial land of 100,000 square meters with the PRC Government in Quwo County, Shanxi Province where Taizihu Group’s buildings and production facility are located at. The term of the right is 50 years from October 28, 2008 to October 27, 2058. The amortization of the land use right was commenced in October 2008 using the straight-line method over 50 years. Of the 100,000 square meters of land, approximately 26,000 square meters amounted to $957,085 were used for the construction of the new factory park and were reclassified from intangible assets to construction-in-progress when the construction commenced in January 2011 and as reported on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The land use right used for the construction of the new factory park has been suspended for amortization since January 2011 when the construction commenced.

 

-17-
 

 

As of March 31, 2012, RMB24 million ($3,770,118) of land use right owned by Taizihu Group were pledged as collateral for short-term bank loans, of which RMB 6.0 million ($956,538) was reclassified under construction-in-progress.

 

Amortization expense of the intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was $47,004 and $16,544.

 

NOTE 12.OTHER ASSETS

 

Other assets consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,
2012
   December 31,
2011
 
Net deferred tax assets - noncurrent  $764,564   $648,759 
Land use rights   181,960    78,776 
Total  $946,524   $727,535 

 

The land use right amounted to RMB 1.15 million ($181,960) as of March 31, 2012 represents the land use right located at Shanzhuangtou, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, The Company exchange it timberland for the buildings with the land use right on March 19 2012 (see NOTE 8), The title transferring of the land use right is in the progress as of March 31, 2012.

 

NOTE 13.SHORT-TERM LOAN

 

 Short-term loan consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2012   2011 
March 31, December 31, 2012 2011 Bank loan payable to Bank of Communications, bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 30% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was 8.5280%. The term of the loan started from May 10, 2011 with maturity date on May 9, 2012. The loan was obtained by Detain Yu and guaranteed by Zhongyuan Guoxin Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd., Wenjun Tian and Jianming Hao for a period of one year starting from May 10, 2011. The loan was paid off on May 9, 2012.  $7,939,659   $7,944,200 
           
Bank loan payable to Agriculture Development Bank of China, bearing interest at six-month to one-year prime interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 was 6.560%. The term of the loan started from December 29, 2010 with maturity date on December 29, 2011. The loan was obtained by Taizhihu and pledged by its buildings and land use rights. As of December 31, 2011, Taizihu was under the negotiation with Agriculture Development Bank of China to extend the term of the loan. The loan was paid off on April 18, 2012.   2,381,898    - 
           
Bank loan payable to China Merchants Bank Beijing Dongzhimen subbranch, bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 20% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was 7.8720%. The term of the loan started from November 30, 2011 with maturity date on November 29, 2012. The loan was obtained by Detain Yu and guaranteed by China Agriculture Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd. for a period of one year starting from November 30, 2011.   2,119,888    2,121,101 
           
Bank loan payable to Jinzhong City Yuci District Rural Credit Union Co., Ltd, bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 130% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on six-month to one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was 15.084%. The term of the loan started from August 8, 2011 with maturity date on August 7, 2012. The loan was obtained by Jinzhong Deyu and guaranteed by Jinzhong Juntai Automotive Parts Manufacturing Co., Ltd., for a period of two years starting from August 7, 2012.   1,587,932    1,588,840 
           
Bank loan payable to Agriculture Development Bank of China, bearing interest at six-month to one-year prime interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 was 6.560%. The term of the loan started from May 31, 2011 with maturity date on May 30, 2012. The loan was obtained by Taizhihu and pledged by its machinery and equipment.   1,429,139    - 
           
Bank loan payable to Jinzhong City Yuci District Rural Credit Union Co., Ltd., bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 130% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on six-month to one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was 15.084%. The term of the loan started from August 9, 2011 with maturity date on August 7, 2012. The loan was obtained by Jinzhong Yongcheng and guaranteed by Yuci Jinmao Food Processing Factory, for a period of two years starting from August 7, 2012.   1,349,742    1,350,514 
           
Bank loan payable to Jinzhong City Yuci District Rural Credit Union Co., Ltd., bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 130% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on six-month to one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was 15.084%. The term of the loan started from August 9, 2011 with maturity date on August 7, 2012. The loan was obtained by Jinzhong Yuliang and guaranteed by Yuci Jinmao Food Processing Factory, for a period of two years starting from August 7, 2012.   1,349,742    1,350,514 
           
Bank loan payable to Shanxi Agriculture Rural Credit Union Co., Ltd., bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 130% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on six-month to one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 was 14.513%. The term of the loan started from June 10, 2011 with maturity date on June 9, 2012. The loan was obtained by Taizhihu and pledged by its buildings, machinery, and equipment.   1,111,552    - 
           
Bank loan payable to Agriculture Development Bank of China, bearing interest at six-month to one-year prime interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 was 6.560%. The term of the loan started from November 3, 2011 with maturity date on Oct.30, 2012. The loan was obtained by Taizhihu and pledged by the machinery and equipment of Taizhihu.   793,966    - 
           
Bank loan payable to Shanxi Agriculture Rural Credit Union Co., Ltd., bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 130% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on six-month to one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 was 14.513%. The term of the loan started from June 10, 2011 with maturity date on June 9, 2012. The loan was obtained by Taizhihu and pledged by its buildings, machinery, and equipment.   793,966    - 
           
Bank loan payable to China Merchants Bank Beijing Dongzhimen subbranch, bearing interest at a floating rate of prime rate plus 20% of prime rate, of which prime rate was based on one-year loan interest rate released by The People's Bank of China. The actual interest rate as of March 31, 2012 was 7.8720%. The term of the loan started from January 11, 2012 with maturity date on January 10, 2013. The loan was obtained by Detain Yu and guaranteed by China Agriculture Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd. for a period of one year starting from November 30, 2011.   262,009    - 
           
Loan payable to Hangzhou TianCi Investment Management Co., Ltd., an unrelated party. The loan was unsecured, bearing no interest and no due date was specified.    58,278    58,311 
           
           
Total  $21,177,769   $14,413,480 

   

Loan payable to Hangzhou TianCi Investment Management Co., Ltd., an unrelated party. The loan was unsecured, bearing no interest and no due date was specified.

 

NOTE 14.NOTES PAYABLE

 

Notes payable consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,
2012
   December 31,
2011
 
         
Bank notes payable to Jinzhong Haida Nongyi Trading Co., Ltd. issued by Bank of Communication at Beijing Gongzhifen branch, bearing no interest and no finance charge.This note is for August 17, 2011 through February 17, 2012.The note was obtained and issued by Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.          
The note was paid off on March 7, 2012.  $-   $1,588,840 
Total  $-   $1,588,840 

 

NOTE 15.ACCRUED EXPENSES

 

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 

   March 31,
2012
   December 31,
2011
 
Accrued VAT and other taxes  $562,918   $412,437 
Accrued freight   533,731    - 
Accrued payroll   245,705    266,983 
Accrued professional fees   187,225    - 
Others   65,222    469,785 
Total  $1,594,801   $1,149,205 

 

NOTE 16.INCOME TAXES

 

United States

 

The Company is incorporated in the United States of America and is subject to the U.S. federal and state taxation.  No provision for income taxes have been made as the Company has no taxable income in the U.S.  The applicable income tax rate for the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was 34%.  No tax benefit has been realized since a 100% valuation allowance has offset deferred tax asset resulting from the net operating losses.

 

British Virgin Islands

 

City Zone, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) and, under the current laws of the BVI, is not subject to income taxes.

 

-18-
 

 

Hong Kong

 

Most Smart, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is incorporated in Hong Kong.  Most Smart is subject to Hong Kong taxation on its activities conducted in Hong Kong and income arising in or derived from Hong Kong.  No provision for income taxes have been made as Most Smart has no taxable income in Hong Kong.

 

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

 

Under the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law of the PRC, the standard EIT rate is 25%. The PRC subsidiaries of the Company are subject to PRC income taxes on an entity basis on income arising in or derived from the tax jurisdiction in which they operate. According to the Tax Pronouncement [2008] No. 149 issued by the State Administration of Tax of the PRC, the preliminary processing industry of agricultural products is entitled to EIT exemption starting January 1, 2008. Three of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries located in the Shanxi Province, China, including Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng, and Jinzhong Yuliang are subject to the EIT exemption. All other subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs are subject to the 25% EIT rate.  

 

The provision for income taxes from continuing operations on income consists of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

   For The Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   2012   2011 
Current income tax expense (benefit)          
U.S.  $-   $- 
PRC   170,967    - 
Total current expense (benefit)   170,967   $- 
           
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)          
U.S.  $-   $- 
PRC   30,327    (626,250)
Less: Income tax benefit attributable to discontinued operations   -    395,985 
Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations  $201,294   $(230,265)

 

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate of the continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

   For The Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   2012   2011 
Expected U.S. income tax expense   34.0%   34.0%
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:          
Tax-exempt income   -30.2%   -40.8%
Foreign tax differential   -0.7%   1.4%
Change in valuation allowance   3.2%   1.9%
Intercompany elimination   -2.6%   -0.5%
Other   0.6%   -1.5%
Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations   3.1%   -5.4%

 

Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are presented in the following table:

 

   March 31,   December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Deferred tax assets          
Net operating loss carryforwards (NOL)  $2,390,131   $2,255,365 
Share-based compensation   394,931    351,203 
Deferred tax assets acquired in business combination   87,264    - 
Total   2,872,326    2,606,568 
Less: Valuation allowance   (2,022,390)   (1,813,056)
Total deferred tax assets, net  $849,936   $793,512 

  

NOTE 17.NET INCOME PER SHARE

 

Reconciliation of the basic and diluted net income per share was as follows:

 

   Amounts
(Numerator)
   Shares
(Denominator)
   Per Share
Amount
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2012:               
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders - basic  $6,208,060    10,564,774   $0.59 
Preferred dividends applicable to convertible preferred stocks   110,075    2,015,835      
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders - diluted  $6,318,135    12,580,609   $0.50 
                
Net income attributable to common stockholders - basic  $6,208,060    10,564,774   $0.59 
Preferred dividends applicable to convertible preferred stocks   110,075    2,015,835      
Net income attributable to common stockholders - diluted  $6,318,135    12,580,609   $0.50 
                
For the three months ended March 31, 2011:               
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders - basic  $4,408,069    10,469,774   $0.42 
Preferred dividends applicable to convertible preferred stocks   97,687    4,111,360      
Net income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders - diluted  $4,505,756    14,581,134   $0.31 
                
Net income attributable to common stockholders - basic  $3,343,245    10,469,774   $0.32 
Preferred dividends applicable to convertible preferred stocks   97,687    4,111,360      
Net income attributable to common stockholders - diluted  $3,440,932    14,581,134   $0.24 

 

NOTE 18.SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Reverse Acquisition and Private Placement

 

On April 27, 2010, we completed the acquisition of City Zone by means of a share exchange.  Simultaneously with the acquisition, we completed a private placement for gross proceeds of $8,211,166 from the sale of our securities to accredited investors at $4.40 per unit, with each “Unit” consisting of one share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, and a warrant to purchase 0.4 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $5.06 per share.

 

On April 27, 2010, the (the “Closing Date”), we entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (“Exchange Agreement”) by and among (i) City Zone, (ii) City Zone’s shareholders, (iii) us, and (iv) our principal stockholders.  Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement, Expert Venture Limited, a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“Expert Venture”) and the other City Zone shareholders will transfer to us all of the shares of City Zone in exchange for the issuance of 8,736,932 shares of our common stock as set forth in the Exchange Agreement, so that Expert Venture and other minority shareholders of City Zone shall own at least a majority of our outstanding shares (the “Share Exchange”).

 

-19-
 

 

 Our directors approved the Exchange Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby.  The directors of City Zone also approved the Exchange Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby.

 

As a result of the Exchange Agreement effective April 27, 2010, we acquired 100% of the equity interest of City Zone, the business and operations of which now constitutes our primary business and operations through its wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries.  Specifically, as a result of the Exchange Agreement:

 

  · We issued 8,736,932 shares of our common stock to the City Zone Shareholders;
  · The ownership position of our shareholders who were holders of common stock immediately prior to the Exchange Agreement changed from 100% to 9.5% (fully diluted) of our outstanding shares; and
  · City Zone Shareholders were issued our common stock constituting approximately 65.71% of our fully diluted outstanding shares.

 

Immediately after the Share Exchange, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “Investors”) for the issuance and sale in a private placement of 1,866,174 Units, consisting of 1,866,174 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Investor Shares”) and Series A Warrants to purchase up to 746,479 shares of our Common Stock (the “Warrants”), for aggregate gross proceeds of $8,211,166 (the “Private Placement”).  In connection with the Private Placement, we also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Investors, in which we agreed to file a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to register for resale the Investor Shares, within 60 calendar days of the Closing Date of the Private Placement, and use our best efforts to have the Registration Statement declared effective within 180 calendar days of the Closing Date of the Private Placement.  We will pay monthly liquidated damages in cash to each Investor of 0.5% of the dollar amount of the purchase price of the Investor Shares, on a pro rata basis, for each 30 day period the Registration Statement is not declared effective, up to a maximum of 8% of the purchase price.  However, no liquidated damages shall be paid with respect to any shares that we are not permitted to include in the Registration Statement due to the SEC’s application of Rule 415.  On October 21, 2010, the SEC declared our Form S-1 effective.

 

In connection with the Private Placement, Maxim Group, LLC acted as our financial advisor and placement agent (the “Placement Agent”).  Maxim received a cash fee equal to 7% of the gross proceeds of the Private Placement.  Maxim also received warrants to purchase 171,911 shares of our Common Stock at a price per share of $5.06 (the “Placement Agent Warrants”).  Pursuant to the Original Placement Agreement entered into by Detian Yu on January 27, 2010 with the Placement Agent (the “Original Placement Agreement”), we engaged the Placement Agent to act as the exclusive agent to sell the Units in this Offering on a “commercially reasonable efforts basis.”  The Placement Agent received cash fees equal to 7% of our gross proceeds received in connection with an equity financing and a cash corporate finance fee equally to 1% of our gross proceeds raised in the Offering, payable at the time of each Closing; five (5) year warrants to purchase that number of Series A Preferred Shares and Shares equal to 5% of the aggregate number of Series A Preferred Shares and Shares underlying the Units issued pursuant to this Offering; and a non-refundable cash retainer (or restricted shares) of $25,000 payable upon the execution of the retainer agreement.  We also agreed to pay for all of the reasonable expenses the Placement Agent incurred in connection with the Offering.

 

On May 10, 2010, we closed on the second and final round (the “Final Closing”) of the private placement offering for the issuance and sale of 589,689 Units, consisting of 589,689 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and 235,883 five-year Series A Warrants with an exercise price of $5.06 per share, to certain accredited investors (the “Investors”) for total gross proceeds of $2,594,607.

 

We raised an aggregate amount of $10,805,750 in the Offering.  As of the Final Closing, we had 9,999,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.  In connection with the offering, we issued a total of 2,455,863 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares and 982,362 Series A Warrants to the investors.  Additionally, the Placement Agent received 171,911 warrants.

 

-20-
 

 

 Make Good Escrow Agreement

  

We also entered into a make good escrow agreement with the Investors (the “Securities Escrow Agreement”), pursuant to which the City Zone Shareholders placed a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Investor Shares, which were initially convertible into 1,866,174 shares of Common Stock (the “Escrow Shares”) in an escrow account.  The Escrow Shares were being held as security in the event we did not achieve $11 million in audited net income for the fiscal year 2010 (the “2010 Performance Threshold”) and $15 million in audited net income for the fiscal year 2011 (the “2011 Performance Threshold”).  If we achieved the 2010 Performance Threshold and the 2011 Performance Threshold, the Escrow Shares would be released back to the City Zone Shareholders.  If either the 2010 Performance Threshold or 2011 Performance Threshold was not achieved, an aggregate number of Escrow Shares (such number to be determined by the formula set forth in the Securities Escrow Agreement) would be distributed to the Investors, based upon the number of Investor Shares (on an as-converted basis) purchased in the Private Placement and still beneficially owned by such Investor, or such successor, assign or transferee, at such time.  If any Investor transfers Investor Shares purchased pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the rights to the Escrow Shares shall similarly transfer to such transferee, with no further action required by the Investor, the transferee or us.

 

Common Stock 

 

As of the Final Closing, we had 9,999,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Between the Final Closing date to March 31, 2012, an aggregate of 524,775 shares of Series A Preferred were converted to 524,775 common stocks and an aggregate of 40,000 common stocks were issued. As of March 31, 2012, total number of common stock issued and outstanding was 10,564,774 shares.

 

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

 

The holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Shares (“Series A Preferred”) will be entitled to receive, cumulative dividends in preference to the holders of Common Stock at an annual rate of 5% of the applicable per Series A Preferred original purchase price (the “Dividend Preference” and the “Dividends”).  If, after the Dividend Preference has been fully paid or declared and set apart, the Company shall make any additional distributions, then the holders of Series A Preferred shall participate with the holders of common stock on an as-converted basis with respect to such distributions.  Dividends will be payable in cash or stock, at the Company’s option.

 

Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of Series A Preferred will be entitled to receive, out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders, an amount equal to $4.40 per share (the amount, the “Liquidation Preference Amount”), before any payment shall be made or any assets distributed to the holders of the common stock (the “Liquidation Preference”).

 

Each holder of Series A Preferred will have the right, at the option of the holder at any time on or after the issuance of the Series A Preferred, without the payment of additional consideration, to convert Series A Preferred into a number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock equal to: (i) the Liquidation Preference Amount of such share divided by (ii) the Conversion Price in effect as of the date of the conversion.

 

For a period of two (2) years following the issuance of the Series A Preferred, the conversion price of Series A Preferred will be subject to adjustment for issuances of common stock (or securities convertible or exchangeable into shares of Common Stock) at a purchase price less than the conversion price of the Series A Preferred. The Series A Preferred Stock does not contain any repurchase or redemption rights.

 

Current accounting standards require that we evaluate the terms and conditions of convertible preferred stock to determine (i) if the nature of the hybrid financial instrument, based upon its economic risks, is more akin to an equity contract or a debt contract for purposes of establishing classification of the embedded conversion feature and (ii) the classification of the host or hybrid financial instrument.  Based upon a review of the terms and conditions of the Series A Preferred, the Company has concluded that the financial instrument is more akin to an equity financial instrument.  The major consideration underlying this conclusion is that the Series A Preferred is a perpetual financial instrument with no stated maturity or redemption date, or other redemption that is not within the Company’s control.  Other considerations in support of the equity conclusion included the voting rights and conversion feature into common shares.  While the cumulative dividend feature may, in some instances, be likened to a debt-type coupon, the absence of a stated maturity date was determined to establish the cumulative dividend as a residual return, which does not obviate the equity nature of the financial instrument.  Further, there are no cash redemption features that are not within the control of our management.  As a result, classification in stockholders’ equity is appropriate for the Series A Preferred.

 

-21-
 

 

As of March 31, 2012, an aggregate of 524,775 shares of Series A Preferred were converted to common stocks. On July 29, 2011, 66,739 shares of Series A Preferred were issued as dividends to the shareholders of Series A Preferred. As of March 31, 2012, total number of Series A Preferred Shares issued and outstanding was 1,997,467 shares.

  

For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded $110,075 and $97,687 preferred dividend expense, respectively.

 

Series A Warrants

 

The warrants issued to the investors and placement agent have strike prices of $5.06 and $4.84, respectively, and expire in five years.  The strike prices are subject to adjustment only for changes in our capital structure, but allow for cashless exercise under a formula that limits the aggregate issuable common shares.  There are no redemption features embodied in the warrants and they have met the conditions provided in current accounting standards for equity classification.

 

There were 982,362 Series A Warrants sold together with the Series A Preferred to the investors, which:

 

  (a) entitle the holder to purchase 1 shares of Common Stock;
  (b) are exercisable at any time after consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement and shall expire on the date that is five years following the original issuance date of the Series A Warrants;
  (c) are exercisable, in whole or in part, at an exercise price of $5.06 per share of Common Stock; and
  (d) are exercisable only for cash (except that there will be a cashless exercise option if, after twelve months from the Issue Date, (i) the Per Share Market Value of one share of Common Stock is greater than the Warrant Price (at the date of calculation) and (ii) a registration statement under the Securities Act providing for the resale of the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Warrant Shares is not in effect, in lieu of exercising this Warrant by payment of cash).

 

Aggregate gross proceeds from the two closing events amounted to $10,805,750.  Direct financing costs totaled $1,742,993 of which $1,555,627 was paid in cash and the balance of $187,366 represents the fair value of warrants linked to 171,911 shares of our common stock that were issued to a placement agent.  The proceeds and the related direct financing costs were allocated to the Series A Preferred and the warrants (classified in paid-in capital) based upon their relative fair values.  The following table summarizes the components of the allocation:

 

   Series A
Preferred
   Paid-in
Capital
Warrants
   Total 
Fair values of financial instruments  $10,248,092   $1,039,978   $11,288,070 
                
Gross proceeds  $9,810,227   $995,523   $10,805,750 
Direct financing costs   (1,581,550)   (161,443)   (1,742,993)
Fair value of placement agent warrants   -    187,366    187,366 
   $8,228,677   $1,021,446   $9,250,123 

 

Fair value considerations:

 

Our accounting for the sale of Series A Preferred and warrants, and the issuance of warrants to the Placement Agent required the estimation of fair values of the financial instruments on the financing inception date.  The development of fair values of financial instruments requires the selection of appropriate methodologies and the estimation of often subjective assumptions.  We selected the valuation techniques based upon consideration of the types of assumptions that market participants would likely consider in exchanging the financial instruments in market transactions.  The Series A Preferred was valued based upon a common stock equivalent method, enhanced by the cumulative dividend feature.  The dividend feature was valued as the estimated cash flows of the dividends discounted to present value using an estimated weighted average cost of capital.  The warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes-Merton Valuation Technique because it embodies all of the requisite assumptions (including trading volatility, estimated terms and risk free rates) necessary to fair value these instruments.

 

-22-
 

 

 These fair values were necessary to develop relative fair value calculation for allocations of certain elements of the financing arrangement, principally proceeds and the related direct financing costs.  The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Series A Preferred stock:

 

   Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level
   Series A
Preferred
April 27,
2010
   Series A
Preferred
May 10,
2010
 
Indexed common shares        1,866,174    589,689 
                
Components of fair value:               
Common stock equivalent value       $6,631,403   $2,083,094 
Dividend feature        659,821    209,439 
        $7,791,224   $2,292,533 
                
Significant assumptions:               
Common stock price   3    3.55    3.53 
Horizon for dividend cash flow projection   3    2.00    2.00 
Weighted average cost of capital ("WACC")   3    15.91%   15.55%

 

Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:

 

  (1) Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, or derived there from.  There were no level 1 inputs.

 

  (2) Level 2 inputs are significant other observable inputs. There were no level 2 inputs.

 

  (3) Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs. Inputs for which any parts are level 3 inputs are classified as level 3 in their entirety.

 

  Stock price- Given that management did not believe our trading market price was indicative of the fair value of our common stock at the measurement date, the common stock price value was derived implicitly from an iterative process based upon the assumption that the consideration of the Private Placement was the result of an arm’s length transaction. The Private Placement was composed of Series A Preferred Stock and Series A Warrants which were both indexed to our common stock; accordingly, we used an iterative process to determine the value of our common stock in order for the fair value of the Series A Preferred and Series A Warrants to equal the amount of consideration received in the Private Placement.

 

  Dividend horizon- We estimated the horizon for dividend payment at 2 years.

 

  WACC- The rates utilized to discount the cumulative dividend cash flows to their present values were based on a weighted average cost of capital of 18.94% and 18.60%, as of April 27, 2010 and May 10, 2010, respectively. This discount rate was determined after consideration of the rate of return on debt capital and equity that typical investors would require in an investment in companies similar in size and operating in similar markets as Deyu Agriculture Corporation. The cost of equity was determined using a build-up method which begins with a risk free rate and adds expected risk premiums designed to reflect the additional risk of the investment. Additional premiums or discounts related specifically to us and the industry are also added or subtracted to arrive at the final cost of equity rate. The cost of debt was determined based upon available financing terms.

 

  Significant inputs and assumptions underlying the model calculations related to the warrant valuations are as follows:

 

-23-
 

 

The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Warrants:

 

       April 27, 2010   May 10, 2010 
   Fair Value
Hierarchy
Level
   Investor
warrants
   Agent
warrants
   Investor
warrants
   Agent
Warrants
 
                     
Indexed shares        746,479    130,632    235,883    41,279 
Exercise price        5.06    4.84    5.06    4.84 
                          
Significant assumptions:                         
Stock price   3    3.55    3.55    3.53    3.53 
Remaining term   3    5 years    5 years    5 years    5 years 
Risk free rate   2    2.39%   2.39%   2.24%   2.24%
Expected volatility   2    45.25%   45.25%   45.47%   45.47%

 

Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:

 

  (1) There were no Level 1 inputs.

 

  (2) Level 2 inputs include:

 

  Risk-free rate- This rate is based on publicly-available yields on zero-coupon Treasury securities with remaining terms to maturity consistent with the remaining contractual term of the warrants

 

  Expected volatility- We did not have a historical trading history sufficient to develop an internal volatility rate for use in the model. As a result, we have used a peer approach wherein the historical trading volatilities of certain companies with similar characteristics as ours and who had a sufficient trading history were used as an estimate of our volatility. In developing this model, no one company was weighted more heavily.

 

  (3) Level 3 inputs include:

 

  Stock price- Given that management did not believe our trading market price was indicative of the fair value of our common stock at the measurement date, the stock price was determined implicitly from an iterative process based upon the assumption that the consideration of the Private Placement was the result of an arm’s length transaction.

 

  Remaining term- We do not have a history to develop the expected term for our warrants.  Accordingly, we have used the contractual remaining term in our calculations.

 

The following is a summary of the status and activity of warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2012:

 

Outstanding Warrants
Exercise Price  Number of Warrants   Average Remaining Contractual Life 
$5.06   982,362    3.07 years 
$4.84   171,911    3.07 years 
Total   1,154,273      

 

   Number of Warrants 
Outstanding as of January 1, 2012   1,154,273 
Granted   - 
Forfeited   - 
Exercised   - 
Outstanding as of March 31, 2012   1,154,273 

 

NOTE 19.SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

 

As of March 31, 2012, the Company had one share-based compensation plan as described below.  The compensation cost that had been charged against income for the plan was $128,359 and $137,588 for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 respectively.  The related income tax benefit recognized was $43,642 and $46,780 for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 respectively.  A 100% valuation allowance was assessed against the deferred tax assets derived from such tax benefit as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

 

On November 4, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Company’s 2010 Share Incentive Plan (the “Plan”).  Under the Plan, 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock shall be allocated to and authorized for use pursuant to the terms of the Plan.  On November 8, 2010, a total of 931,000 non-qualified incentive stock options were approved by our Board of Directors and granted under the Plan, including 851,000 options granted to the Company’s executives and key employees (collectively, “Employees”) and 80,000 options granted to consultants and independent directors of the Board (collectively, “Non-employees”), at an exercise price of $4.40 per share.  On December 15, 2010, 40,000 non-qualified incentive stock options were approved by our Board of Directors and granted under the Plan to a consultant at an exercise price of $4.40 per share.  The option award granted in 2010 shall vest as follows:

 

(i)   33 1/3% of the option grants be vested one (1) month after the date of grant;

 

-24-
 

 

(ii)   33 1/3% of the option grants be vested twelve (12) months after the date of grant; and
(iii)   33 1/3% of the option grants be vested twenty-four (24) months after the date of grant

 

Share-based Compensation plan on March 8, 2012

 

On March 8, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors allocated to and authorized for use the maximum number of shares allowable pursuant to the terms of the Plan and granted 420,000 options under the Plan, of which 264,000 were new options and 156,000 were re-granted after such options were forfeited by employees as a result of their resignations from the Company in accordance with the terms of their option agreements. All of the newly granted options vest as follows:

 

(i)   50% of the options granted will vest six (6) months after the date of the grant; and
(ii)   50% of the options granted will vest twelve (12) months after the date of the grant.

 

 The fair value of each option award was estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table.  The model is based on the assumption that it is possible to set up a perfectly hedged position consisting of owning the shares of stock and selling a call option on the stock.  Any movement in the price of the underlying stock will be offset by an opposite movement in the options value, resulting in no risk to the investor.  This perfect hedge is riskless and, therefore, should yield the riskless rate of return.  As the Black-Scholes option pricing model applies to stocks that do not pay dividends, we made an adjustment developed by Robert Merton to approximate the option value of a dividend-paying stock.  Under this adjustment method, it is assumed that the Company’s stock will generate a constant dividend yield during the remaining life of the options.

 

The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option award:

 

Options granted on November 8, 2010:

 

Exercisable Period  12/8/2010 - 11/8/2020   11/8/2011 - 11/8/2020   11/8/2012 - 11/8/2020 
Risk-free Rate (%)   1.12    1.27    1.46 
Expected Lives (years)   5.04    5.50    6.00 
Expected Volatility (%)   46.10    44.49    43.04 
Expected forfeitures per year (%)   0.00-18.00    0.00-18.00    0.00-18.00 
Dividend Yield (%)   0.00    0.00    0.00 

 

Options granted on December 15, 2010:

 

Exercisable Period  1/15/2011 - 12/15/2020   12/15/2011 - 12/15/2020   12/15/2012 - 12/15/2020 
Risk-free Rate (%)   2.15    2.32    2.50 
Expected Lives (years)   5.04    5.50    6.00 
Expected Volatility (%)   46.15    44.52    43.09 
Expected forfeitures per year (%)   0.00    0.00    0.00 
Dividend Yield (%)   0.00    0.00    0.00 

 

Options granted on March 8, 2012:

 

Exercisable Period  09/08/2012 - 03/08/2020   03/08/2013 - 03/08/2020 
Risk-free Rate (%)   0.94    1.00 
Expected Lives (years)   5.25    5.49 
Expected Volatility (%)   45.91    45.22 
Expected forfeitures per year (%)   0.00    0.00 
Dividend Yield (%)   0.00    0.00 

 

Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:

 

  (1) There were no Level 1 inputs.

 

  (2) Level 2 inputs include:

 

  Risk-free rate- This rate is based on continuous compounding of publicly-available yields on U.S. Treasury securities with remaining terms to maturity consistent with the expected term of the options at the dates of grant.

 

  Expected volatility- We did not have a historical trading history sufficient to develop an internal volatility rate for use in the model.  As a result, we have used a peer approach wherein the historical trading volatilities of certain companies with similar characteristics as ours and who had a sufficient trading history were used as an estimate of our volatility.  In developing this model, no one company was weighted more heavily.

 

-25-
 

 

  (3) Level 3 inputs include:

 

 

  Expected lives- The expected lives of options granted were derived from the output of the option valuation model and represented the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.

 

  Expected forfeitures per year- The expected forfeitures are estimated at the dates of grant and will be revised in subsequent periods pursuant to actual forfeitures, if significantly different from the previous estimates.

 

The estimates of fair value from the model are theoretical values of stock options and changes in the assumptions used in the model could result in materially different fair value estimates.  The actual value of the stock options will depend on the market value of the Company’s common stock when the stock options are exercised.

 

A summary of option activity under the Plan as of March 31, 2012, and changes during the three-month period then ended is presented below:

 

Options  Shares   Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
   Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
 
Outstanding as of January 1, 2012   971,000   $4.40      
Granted   420,000    1.45      
Exercised   -    -      
Forfeited   (156,000)  $4.40      
Outstanding as of Mar 31, 2012   1,235,000   $3.40    4.41 years 
Exercisable as of Mar 31, 2012   543,333   $4.40    4.31 years 
Vested and expected to vest (3)   1,193,769   $3.36    4.73 years 

 

* Includes vested shares and unvested shares after a forfeiture rate is applied.

 

A summary of the status of the Company’s unvested shares as of March 31, 2012, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2012 is presented below:

 

Unvested Shares  Shares   Weighted-
Average
Grant-
Date Fair
Value
 
Unvested as of January 1, 2012   271,667   $487,813 
Granted   420,000    249,669 
Vested   -    - 
Forfeited   -    - 
Unvested as of March 31, 2012   691,667   $737,482 

 

NOTE 20.RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Transactions

 

   For The Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
   2012   2011 
Sales to Beijing Doukounianhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd  $8,899   $- 
Sales to Beijing Yilian Gifts Tech. Development Co., Ltd.   3,540    - 

 

Mr. Jianming Hao, Chief Executive Officer of the Company is the Executive Director of Beijing Yilian Gifts Tech. Development Co., Ltd. Jianbin Zhou, the Chief Operating Officer of the Company is the legal representative of Beijing Doukounianhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd The prices in the transactions with related parties were determined according to market price sold to or purchased from third parties.

 

Due from related parties

 

   March 31,
2012
   December 31,
2011
 
         
Due from HE Hao  $74,551   $- 
Due from Beijing Doukounianhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd.    35,418    24,666 
Due from Chang Qinpin   10,639    - 
Due from Jinshang International Finance Leasing Co., Ltd.    4,226    3,537 
Due from Beijing Yilian Gifts Tech. Development Co., Ltd.   -    468,976 
Due form Deyufarm Innovation Food (Beijing) Co., Ltd.    -    89,929 
Total  $124,834   $587,108 

 

Due to related parties

 

   March 31,
2012
   December 31,
2011
 
         
Due to Mr. Wenjun Tian   $2,540,691   $2,542,144 
Due to Dongsheng International Investment Co., Ltd.    2,445,415    2,899,633 
Due to Beijing Yilian Gifts Tech. Development Co., Ltd.   280,916    3,338 
Total  $5,267,022   $5,445,115 

 

Mr. Wenjun Tian, the former President and Executive Director of the Company is also the President and Executive Director of Dongsheng International Investment Co., Ltd.  Those advances as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are unsecured, bear no interest and no due date is specified. Mr. Wenjun Tian, the former President and Executive Director of the Company is the Executive Director of Jinshang International Finance Leasing Co., Ltd.  Deyufarm Innovation Food (Beijing) Co., Ltd. was no longer considered a related party after the VIE termination on December 20, 2011 (see Note 1) simultaneously accompanied with the key executives of the Company resigning from the VIE Group as management and selling their shares in the VIE Group to an unrelated individual.

 

-26-
 

 

Guarantees

 

As of March 31, 2012, Zhongyuan Guoxin Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd., China Agriculture Credit Guarantee Co., Ltd., Tian Wenjun and Jianming Hao provided guarantees on short-term loans obtained by Detain Yu. Yuci Jinmao Food Processing Factory of which the legal representative is Junlian Zheng, the wife of Junde Zhang, Vice President of the Company provided guarantees on short-term loans obtained by Jinzhong Yongcheng and Jinzhong Yulian.

 

As of March 31, 2012, Jinzhong Deyu provided guarantees on short-term loans obtained by Jinzhong Yuliang and Jinzhong Yongcheng. Jinzhong Yuliang also provided guarantees on a short-term loan obtained by Jinzhong Yongcheng.

 

NOTE 21.SEGMENT REPORTING

 

The Company defined reportable segments according to ASC Topic 280. In the fourth quarter of 2011, the management changed the structure of allocating resources and assessing performance of the group. The new three segments were identified primarily based on the structure of allocating resources and assessing performance of the group, including corn division, grain division and bulk trade division. The segment reporting information for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was based on these three segments and that for the three months ended March 31, 2011 was restated accordingly.

 

The corn division is in the business of purchasing corns from farmers, processing simply and distributing to agricultural product trading companies through wholesale.  The business of grain division is conducted by processing and distributing grains and other products to supermarkets and convenient stories after processing with our own brand names, including “Deyu”, “Shi-Tie”, “Huichun” and “Longquan Villa”.  The business of bulk trading division is conducted by bulk purchasing and selling of raw grain.

 

For The Three Months Ended
March 31, 2012
  Corn
Division
   Grain
Division
   Bulk Trading
Division
   Others   Total 
Revenues from external customers  $43,207,086   $14,650,645   $4,881,738   $-   $62,739,469 
Intersegment revenues   -    -    -    -    - 
Interest revenue   3,583    3,190    4,765    -    11,538 
Interest expense   (214,903)   (207,432)   (62,209)   -    (484,544)
Net interest (expense) income   (211,320)   (204,243)   (57,444)   -    (473,007)
Depreciation and amortization   (191,959)   (397,123)   (90)   (6,099)   (595,271)
Noncontrolling interest   -    -    -    21,434    21,434 
Segment net profit (loss)   3,515,022    2,716,663    457,230    (392,214)   6,296,701 

 

For The Three Months Ended
March 31, 2011
  Corn
Division
   Grain
Division
   Bulk Trading
Division
   Others   Total 
Revenues from external customers  $20,491,926   $6,735,410   $9,418,481   $-   $36,645,817 
Intersegment revenues   -    -    -    -   $- 
Interest revenue   283,851    22,796    -    -   $306,647 
Interest expense   4,901    1,234    17    262   $6,415 
Net interest (expense) income   (74,378)   4,591    (30)   -   $(69,817)
Depreciation and amortization   (73,977)   5,763    (13)   262   $(67,965)
Noncontrolling interest   (49,640)   (196,792)   44,425    (5,849)  $(207,856)
Segment net profit (loss)   3,592,220    1,019,920    447,737    (554,122)  $4,505,756 

 

All of our revenues were generated from customers in China.  All long-lived assets are located in China.  The following tables set forth our three major customers in each segment:

 

   For The Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
Corn Division :  2012   2011 
Chongqin Sanwang Feed Co., Ltd.   8.0%   - 
Meishan Whens' Rear Lifestock Co., Ltd.   6.5%   - 
Jiajiang Nanshan Trading Co., Ltd.   6.1%   0.4%
Top Three Customers as % of Total Gross Sales:   20.6%   0.4%
           
Grain Division :          
Deyufarm Innovation Food (Beijing) Co., Ltd.   18.8%   - 
Shenzhen Xinjiawang Co., Ltd.   6.8%   - 
Shanxi Doukounianhua Food Co., Ltd.   6.7%   -
Top Three Customers as % of Total Gross Sales   32.3%   -
           
Bulk Trading Division :          
Shanxi Zhengda Co., Ltd.   27.2%   - 
Shanxi Guchuan Food Co., Ltd.   26.2%   - 
Yunmeng Zhang   14.0%   - 
Top Three Customers as % of Total Gross Sales:   67.4%   - 

 

NOTE 22.CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

 

As of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, all of the Company’s cash balances in bank were maintained within the PRC where no rule or regulation currently in place to provide obligatory insurance for bank deposits in the event of bank failure.  However, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to such risks on its cash balances in bank.

 

For the three ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, all of the Company’s sales were generated in the PRC.  In addition, all accounts receivable as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were due from customers located in the PRC.

 

No single customer accounted for greater than 10% of the Company’s consolidated gross revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 or consolidated accounts receivable as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011

 

NOTE 23.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

 Lease Commitments

 

The Company leases railroad lines, warehouses, and offices under operating leases.  Future minimum lease payments under operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more are as follows:

 

-27-
 

 

As of March 31,  Operating Leases 
2013  $201,533 
2014   169,416 
2015   166,722 
2016   87,482 
2017   87,482 
Thereafter   909,074 
   $1,621,709 

 

Contingencies

 

On February 12, 2012, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer alleged that the Company may have violated certain state and federal laws and regulations and upon receipt of such allegations, the Company's Audit Committee retained K&L Gates LLP to conduct an inquiry into such allegations. On March 27, 2012, the Company received a letter asserting a claim of wrongful termination in violation of public policy wherein the former Chief Financial Officer seeks payment of $250,000 plus the issuance of 60,000 shares of common stock in settlement for the claimed damages therein.

 

The Company believes that such allegations and claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend such allegations and claims. Because the inquiry is in its initial stages, the Company is not currently able to predict the probability of a favorable or unfavorable outcome, or the amount of any possible loss in the event of an unfavorable outcome. Consequently, no material provision or liability has been recorded for such allegations and claims as of March 31, 2012. However, management is confident in its defenses to such allegations and claims.

 

NOTE 24.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

The Company has evaluated events after the balance sheet date of these consolidated financial statements through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued. There were no other material subsequent events as of that date.

 

-28-
 

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise indicated, the words “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Deyu Agriculture Corp. and all entities owned or controlled by Deyu Agriculture Corp.  All references to “Deyu” or the “Company” in this report mean Deyu Agriculture Corp., a Nevada corporation, and all entities owned or controlled by Deyu Agriculture Corp., except where it is made clear that the term only means the parent or a subsidiary company. References in this report to the “PRC” or “China” are to the People’s Republic of China.

 

This report contains forward-looking statements.  The words “anticipated”, “believe”, “expect”, “plan”, “intend”, “seek”, “estimate”, “project,”, “could”, “may” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  These statements include, among others, information regarding future operations, future capital expenditures, and future net cash flow.  Such statements reflect our management’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance and involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, the current economic downturn adversely affecting demand for the our products; our reliance on our major customers for a large portion of our net sales; our ability to develop and market new products; our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations; our ability to accurately forecast amounts of supplies needed to meet customer demand; market acceptance of our products; exposure to product liability and defect claims; fluctuations in the availability of raw materials and components needed for our products; protection of our intellectual property rights; changes in the laws of the PRC that affect our operations; inflation and fluctuations in foreign currency rates and various other matters, many of which are beyond our control.  Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or should underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially and adversely from those anticipated, believed, estimated or otherwise indicated.  Consequently, all of the forward-looking statements made in this report are qualified by these cautionary statements and there can be no assurance of the actual results or developments.

 

Summary of our Business

 

We are a vertically integrated producer, processor, marketer and distributor of organic and other agricultural products made from corn and grains operating in Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China. The Company has access to over 109,000 acres of farmland in Shanxi Province for breeding, cultivating, processing, warehousing, and distributing grain and corn products. We have an extensive wholesale network in over 15 provinces and a retail distribution network of approximately 20,000 supermarkets and convenience stores in 29 provinces across China. We are equipped with advanced production lines and modern warehouses with production capacity of over 105,000 tons for grain products, capacity of storage of over 100,000 tons and annual turnover of 700,000 tons for our corn products.

 

Operating revenue from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $62,739,469, representing a 71.2% increase from $36,645,816 for the three months ended March 31, 2011. Our net income available to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $6,208,060, representing an 85.7% increase from $3,343,245 for the three months ended March 31, 2011.

 

We conduct our business through three divisions:

 

·   Corn Division –acquires unprocessed corn and perform value-added processes to the corn such as cleaning, drying and packaging.  Consumers range from livestock feed companies to corn oil/corn starch manufacturing companies and governmental procurement agencies in China.
   
·  Grain Division –acquires unprocessed grains including millet, green bean, soy bean, black rice and many other varieties of grains traditionally grown and consumed in China and performs value-added processes to the grains such as peeling, cleaning, grinding and packaging. The Grain Division also produces and distributes deep processed grain products, including bean based products, fruit vinegars and juices and other grain products. The finished products of this division are then sold directly to supermarkets and convenience stores in China and overseas. 

 

-29-
 

 

·  Bulk Trading Division –conducts bulk trading through procuring and wholesaling rice, flour, wheat, kidney beans, green beans and other agricultural products. The majority of our customers for this division are food manufacturers, grain trading companies, wholesalers and governmental procurement agencies in China. 

 

We have adopted the operating model of “Company + Farmers + Base” supplemented by advanced production, strong warehousing capacity and exclusive logistics. Based on our supply base, we have developed the “Deyu” operating chain of breading, cultivating, processing, warehousing and distributing our products.

 

We have access to over 109,000 acres (650,000 mu) of farmland in the center of Shanxi Province as our plantation base and we have established partnerships with over 60,000 farmers for the cultivation of high quality grains and corn. Our grains are mainly grown in the hilly area near Taihang Mountain, at an altitude of between 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. This region has a wide temperature variation between night and day and a long daily exposure to sunlight. These geographic characteristics produce grains that are rich in nutrients, especially minerals, rutin, cellulose, amino acids, chlorophyll, lecithin and linoleic acid.

  

We have a modern processing center for corn with five drying cylinders and six warehouses, the construction of which was completed in 2011. Our total capacity of storage and annual turnover of corn has exceeded 100,000 tons and 700,000 tons, respectively. We are also equipped with fully automatic and advanced production lines for grain processing which help produce grain products with high quality by maintaining the nutritional components of the products.

 

Our production bases are located in Jinzhong and Quwo in Shanxi Province with convenient transportation. The Jinzhong facilities and warehouses are in proximity to Shitai Railway and Provincial Road 317. The Quwo facilities are several kilometers away from Houma, a transportation hub. We have exclusive lease agreements with three railway lines for freight transportation in Jinzhong: (a) Shanxi Cereal & Oil Group, Mingli Reservation Depot; (b) Shanxi Yuci Cereal Reservation Depot; and (c) Yuci Dongzhao Railway Freight Station.  These advantageous geographical positions and exclusive agreements help us ensure speedy delivery of our products at a low cost.

 

We have cultivated an extensive wholesale network for corn and bulk trading with customers including various livestock feed companies , food manufacturers, corn oil/corn starch manufacturing companies, grain trading companies, wholesalers and governmental procurement agencies in approximately 15 provinces. Meanwhile, our retail sales network for processed grain covers approximately 20,000 supermarkets and convenience stores with distribution to over 29 provinces in China, including the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Shijiazhuang, in some of the world’s most widely known supermarkets. Our retail sales channels are as follows:

 

· Supermarkets : At present, our sales network covers approximately 20,000 supermarkets and convenience stores with distribution to over 29 provinces in China, including the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Shijiazhuang, in some of the world’s most widely known supermarket chains.
   
· Sales channels of unpackaged products :  We also sell unpackaged products of various kinds of grains at special counters under the brand name “Deyu” in over 200 supermarkets open and loosely in baskets where customers can scoop the grains into plastic bags to determine the volume they want, and such sales strategy targets a large number of consumers.
   
· Overseas sales : We acquired the Taizihu Group in February 2, 2012, which has established sales channels to export bean-based products through exporting agencies to Germany, Japan, and other countries.

 

Recent Developments

 

In February 2012, we acquired the Taizihu Group, which has a well-established grain product line that includes over 100 types of bean-based products, fruit vinegars and juices and other grain products. By leveraging the Taizihu Group's product lines, we look to capture a more substantial share of market for health food and drinks through integrating our sales network of approximately 20,000 supermarkets and retail stores with the Taizihu Group's sales channels, which consist of 100 distributors in more than 10 of China’s provinces, as well as export channels in Germany, Japan, and other countries.

 

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The Taizihu Group has a production base with site coverage of over 1,076,000 square feet and a constructed area of 234,000 square feet in proximity to Houma, a transportation hub. This base is equipped with advanced production lines . At this time, less than one third of the land at this production base has been developed. We believe that we can develop more production lines for accommodating the potential rise in future demand without acquiring land use rights for more land.

 

In April, we began working with leading noodle OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing) producers to offer a new product line under the Deyu brand name featuring a variety of noodle products through our extensive distribution in channels in China. The variety of noodles includes smooth surfaced noodles, fragrant mushroom noodles, chicken egg noodles and high gluten noodles. Noodles, a longtime staple of the Chinese diet, experienced a compound annual growth rate of 20.5%, significant growth in sales during 2003 to 2009 according to the China Food Industry Association, from about $762 million (or RMB 4.8 billion) to $2.3 billion (or RMB 14.4 billion). We believe these products will quickly gain popularity in China as our brand name has become well recognized among customers and we believe we can capture a sizeable share of China’s growing noodle market.

 

Plan of Operation

 

During the past several years, we have accumulated ample resources and advantages through Deyu’s operation model of “Company + Farmers + Base” supplemented by advanced production, strong warehousing capacity and exclusive logistics and extensive sale network. Our mission is to grow to be a leading and diversified agriculture company. We plan to continue to grow our business through extending our operating model to other producing areas of corn and grain such as Hebei Province and North East China. In the meantime, we plan to enrich our product lines by introducing new products into our operational chain and to capture more market shares of other food product sectors such as oil and staple foods. We plan to carefully consider vertical or horizontal acquisitions for our business growth, although we do not currently have any agreements in place to do so.

 

For the remainder of 2012, we plan to continue to explore more large feed manufactures as our major corn customers. In terms of our sales and marketing strategy for retail sales, instead of rapidly increasing the number of stores selling our products as a whole, we plan to shift our focus on promoting our name brand and products regionally, and increasing customer purchases on a per store basis. We plan to explore our export business through export agents or B2C E-Commerce based on the products produced by the Taizihu Group. Currently, export products mainly include bean-based products however we believe they will also include some organic products, refined packaged grains and large packaged grains. In addition, for our bulk trading business, we plan to focus on fully utilizing our operation chain resources and diversifying our grain varieties, especially certain rare grain varieties in China such as kidney beans, green beans and sunflower seeds by anticipating demand trends in the market.

 

Results of Operations

 

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 as Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011

 

   For The Three Months Ened
March 31,
         
   2012   2011   Change   % 
                 
Net revenue  $62,739,469   $36,645,816   $26,093,653    71.2%
Cost of goods sold   (50,319,668)   (28,804,699)   (21,514,969)   74.7%
Gross Profit   12,419,801    7,841,117    4,578,684    58.4%
                     
Selling expenses   (4,158,372)   (2,223,403)   (1,934,969)   87.0%
General and administrative expenses   (1,858,774)   (1,310,160)   (548,614)   41.9%
Total Operating Expense   (6,017,146)   (3,533,563)   (2,483,583)   70.3%
Operating income   6,402,655    4,307,554    2,095,101    48.6%
                     
Interest income   11,538    6,415    5,123    79.9%
Interest expense   (484,544)   (78,938)   (405,606)   513.8%
Non-operating income   568,346    40,460    527,886    1304.7%
Total Other Expense   95,340    (32,063)   127,403    -397.4%
                     
Income from continuing operations before income taxes   6,497,995    4,275,491    2,222,504    52.0%
Income taxes   (201,294)   230,265    (431,559)   -187.4%
Income from continuing operations   6,296,701    4,505,756    1,790,945    39.7%
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes   -    (1,209,007)   1,209,007    -100.0%
                     
Net income   6,296,701    3,296,749    2,999,952    91.0%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests   21,434    144,183    (122,749)     
Net income attributable to Deyu Agriculture Corp.   6,318,135    3,440,932    2,877,203    83.6%
Preferred stock dividends   (110,075)   (97,687)   (12,388)   12.7%
Net income available to common stockholders  $6,208,060   $3,343,245   $2,864,815    85.7%

 

Net Revenue

 

Our net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $62.7 million compared with $36.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, an increase of $26.1 million, or 71.2%. This was the combined result of an increase of $22.7 million of corn sales, an increase of $7.9 million of grain sales and a decrease of $4.5 million of bulk trading sales. Sales derived from our Corn Division, Grain Division and Bulk Trading Division for the three months ended March 31, 2012 were $43.2 million, $14.6 million and $4.9 million respectively, accounting for 68.9%, 23.4% and 7.8% of total net revenue, respectively.

 

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The following table breaks down the distribution of our sales volume and amount by division and as a percentage of gross sales:

 

   For The Three Months Ended March 31,         
   2012   2011         
   Volume
(ton)
   Net Revenue   % of
total
sales
   Volume
(ton)
   Net Revenue   % of
total
sales
   Changes   % 
Corn Division   120,328   $43,207,086    68.9%   66,900   $20,491,926    55.9%  $22,715,160   110.8%
Grain Division   9,700    14,650,645    23.4%   5,301    6,735,410    18.4%   7,915,235    117.5%
Bulk Trading Division   11,668    4,881,738    7.8%   15,087    9,418,481    25.7%   (4,536,743   -48.2%
Total   141,696   $62,739,469    100.0%   87,288   $36,645,817    100.0%  $26,093,651   71.2%

 

  Net revenue from our Corn Division for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was approximately $43.2 million, an increase of $22.7 million, or approximately 110.8%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011. This growth was attributable to the expansion of our sales network, the increase in our storage capacity and turnover and the obtainment of sufficient working capital. Further, our corn sales network has been extended to approximately 15 provinces as of March 31, 2012 from 7 provinces as of March 31, 2011, which now include sales to more livestock feed companies, corn oil/corn starch manufacturing companies and governmental procurement agencies. Our storage capacity and turnover increased from 50,000 tons and 250,000 tons, respectively to over 100,000 tons and 700,000 tons, respectively, after our new processing center with five drying cylinders and six warehouses went into operation in June 2011. We obtained sufficient working capital from bank loans and bank notes to support corn purchases from farmers and suppliers. The average balance of our bank loans and bank notes increased to $12.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 (excluding the bank loans increased by Taizihu Group) from $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011. Our sales volume and revenue from the Corn Division for the three months ended March 31, 2012 reached 120,328 tons and $43.2 million, respectively.

 

Net revenue from our Grain Division for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $14.6 million, an increase of $7.9 million, or 117.5%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011. The increase consisted of an increase of $3.6 million or 53% attributable to our sustaining Grain Division sales and $4.3 million of sales revenue added by the Taizihu Group, which we acquired in February 2012. The Taizihu Group sold bean-based products, fruit vinegars and juices, and grain beverages. The sustaining grain sales increase was primarily due to growth of our market share through the expansion of our sales network and promotional activities. Our retail distribution network covered approximately 20,000 supermarkets and convenience stores as of March 31, 2012, as compared to approximately 10,000 stores as of March 31, 2011. We sold our grain products on special counters in over 200 supermarkets with open and loose grains in baskets where customers can scoop the grains into plastic bags for the volume of their choice. We implemented this sales strategy, which targets a large number of consumers and significantly contributes to our net revenue increase. We continue to initiate marketing initiatives such as promotion, which also increased our brand awareness among customers as well as sales revenue. The sales volume and revenue from our Grain Division for the three months ended March 31, 2012 reached 9,700 tons and $14.6 million, respectively.

 

Revenue from our Bulk Trading Division for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $4.9 million, a decrease of $4.5 million, or 48.2%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011. This decrease was mainly attributable to our shift in our development strategies by reducing some transactions with low margins. In 2012, we focused on exploring diversified grain varieties with higher gross margins such as kidney beans, green beans and sunflower seeds instead of rapidly expanding the sales scale in spite of low margins. The sales volume and revenue were 11,668 tons and $4.9 million, respectively.

 

Cost of Goods Sold

   

Cost of goods sold mainly consisted of cost of raw materials, labor, utilities, manufacturing costs, manufacturing related depreciation and packaging costs. Our cost of goods sold increased by 74.7% from $28.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2011 to $50.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in sales volume and purchase prices. Our total sales volume for the three months ended March 31, 2012 increased to 141,696 tons, or 62.3%, from 87,288 tons for the three months ended March 31, 2011.

 

As a percentage of net revenue, cost of goods sold increased by 160 basis points from 78.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2011 to 80.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2012. We experienced a purchase cost increase on both corn and grains caused by the inflation in prices of raw materials in China. Our sales expansion strategies that we implemented by setting our selling price lower than the average market price have reduced our profit margin.

 

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Gross Profit

 

The following table breaks down the gross profit and gross margin by division:

 

   For The Three Months Ened March 31, 
   2012   2011 
   Gross Profit   % of total 
Gross Profit
   Margin   Gross Profit   % of total 
Gross Profit
   Margin 
Corn Division  $7,117,879    57.3%   16.5%  $4,682,841    59.7%   22.9%
Grain Division   4,732,752    38.1%   32.3%   2,472,119    31.5%   36.7%
Bulk Trading Division   569,169    4.6%   11.7%   686,157    8.8%   7.3%
Total   12,419,801    100.0%   19.8%  $7,841,117    100.0%   21.4%

 

Our gross profit increased by $4.6 million, or 58.4%, from $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 to $12.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012. The increase include an increase of $2.4 million in the Corn Division and $2.3 million in the Grain Division. The increase was attributable to an increase in sales volume. Our gross margin decreased from 21.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2011 to 19.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2012. The decrease in gross margin was the combined result of a decrease of 638 basis points in gross margin in our Corn Division and a decrease of 440 basis points in gross margin in our Grain Division, partially offset by an increase of 437 basis points in gross margin in our Bulk Trading Division.

 

Gross profit in Corn Division was $7.1 million, contributing to 57.3% of total gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2012.  Gross margin for our Corn Division was 16.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2012, down by 638 basis points from 22.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2011. The decrease in gross margin was mainly attributable to the continuous increase in the purchase price of raw corn and supplemental procurement from suppliers. The purchase price of raw corn increased by approximately 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2012 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011, however the selling price did not increase consistently. In addition, due to our rapid growth in corn sales, we supplemented the supply of raw materials from farmers by purchasing from other corn traders, of which the purchasing price was usually higher and it negatively affected the gross margin of the Corn Division.

 

Gross profit in the Grain Division was $4.7 million, contributing to 38.1% of total gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2012.  Gross margin for the Grain Division was 32.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2012, down by 440 basis points from 36.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2011. The decrease in gross margin was mainly attributable to the diversification of our product lines during the first quarter of 2012 with the additions of new products containing mixed gross margins, which targeted a wider scope of end consumers. The majority of gross margin for the Grain Division was still primarily driven by our sustaining grain products with a steady gross margin quarter over quarter.

 

Gross profit in the Bulk Trading Division was $0.6 million, contributing to 4.6% of total gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2012. Gross margin for the Bulk Trading Division was 11.7% for the three months ended March 2012 which was relatively lower compared to our other Divisions, which was mainly due to its business nature of high turnover rate and relatively lower cost maintenance. Gross margin increased by 437 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2012 from 7.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2011. The increase was mainly attributable to the trading of certain rare grain varieties with higher gross margins such as kidney beans, green beans and sunflower seeds, driven by anticipation of the demand and pricing trends in the market.

  

Selling Expenses

 

Selling expenses increased by $1.9 million, or 87%, for the three months ended March 31, 2012 as compared to $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  This increase was mainly attributable to the increase of freight charges and advertisement expenses due to increased sales volume.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.5 million to $1.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2012, or 41.9%, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011. This increase was mainly attributable to increased expenses added by the Taizihu Group, as well as increased depreciation and amortization caused by newly-acquired buildings, which commenced depreciation from January 2012.

 

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Interest Expense

  

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was $484,544 compared to interest expense of $78,938 for the three months ended March 31, 2011, an increase of $405,606, or 513.8%.  This increase was mainly due to the increase in short-term loans for working capital.

 

Provision for Income Taxes

 

Under the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law of the PRC, the standard EIT rate is 25%.  Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to PRC income taxes on an entity basis on income arising in or derived from the tax jurisdiction in which they operate.  According to the Tax Pronouncement [2008] No. 149 issued by the State Administration of Tax of the PRC, the preliminary processing industry of agricultural products is entitled to EIT exemption starting January 1, 2008.  Three of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries located in Shanxi Province, namely Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng and Jinzhong Yuliang, are subject to the EIT exemption.  All of our other subsidiaries are subject to the 25% EIT rate. 

 

Despite the fact that we earned net income from continuing operations before income tax of $6.5 million, income tax expenses were $201,294 for the three months ended March 31, 2012, or 3.1% of income before income tax, mainly because the majority of the income before income tax was from Jinzhong Deyu and Jinzhong Yuliang, which are subject to the EIT exemption. Income tax expenses for the current quarter were mainly attributable to the Taizihu Group, which was subject to the 25% EIT rate. We recorded income tax benefit of $230,265 for the three months ended March 31, 2011 mainly because of the tax credits derived from net operating losses from taxable entities that can be carried forward for next five years according to the PRC tax law. 

 

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes

 

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2011 was $1.2 million, derived from the VIE Group over which our control was terminated on December 20, 2011. The VIE Group was no longer within the consolidation scope after the control termination.

 

Net Income

 

As a result of the above, we had net income available to common stockholders of $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 compared to a net income of $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, an increase of $2.9 million, or 85.7%.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

   For the Months Ended March 31, 
   2012   2011 
         
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of continuing operations  $3,946,147   $(587,903)
Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations   (5,266,240)   (359,018)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities of continuing operations   (209,713)   931,844 
Net cash provided by discontinued operations   -    9,865 
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents   23,348    39,065 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents  $(1,506,458)  $33,853

   

For the three months ended March 31, 2012, net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations totaled approximately $3.9 million, while net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011. The net cash flow from operating activities shifted from outflow to inflow, was primarily attributable to a decrease of the working capital deficit. Being an agriculture company, we have always incurred working capital deficits along with rapid sales growth. This is due to the fact that we need to grant credit to customers and at the same time we are required to make immediate cash payments to farmers and their agents for purchasing inventory before our accounts receivable can be collected from customers. In contrast, we believe we have the ability to earn abundant working capital or reduce working capital deficit while our business grows stably. Our business went into a stage of stable growth in 2012, which contributed to the reduction of the working capital deficit. The working capital deficit decreased from $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011 to $2.6 million, and this decrease was mainly due to the collection of account receivables. As a combined result of earning $6.2 million of net income and the reduction of working capital deficit to $2.8 million, we obtained $3.9 million net cash flow provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2012.

 

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For the three months ended March 31, 2012, net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was approximately $5.3 million, an increase of approximately $4.9 million from approximately $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The increase was mainly due to the payment of $5.5 million for the acquisition of the Taizihu Group.

 

Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations for three months ended March 31, 2012 was approximately $0.2 million, while net cash provided by financing activities of continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2011 was $0.9 million. There were no significant financing activities except for $1.6 million repayments of bank acceptance notes and $1.6 million released from restriction for credit line of bank acceptance notes for the months ended March 31, 2012, while the financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2011 mainly consisted of borrowings of $3.5 million from related parties offset by the restriction of $2.3 million for the credit line of bank acceptance notes.

 

We believe that our current levels of cash, cash flows from operations, and bank, related party and unrelated party borrowings will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changed business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions. If we ever determine that our cash requirements exceed our amounts of cash and cash equivalents on hand, we may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain a credit facility. Any future issuance of equity securities could cause dilution to our shareholders. Any incurrence of indebtedness could increase our debt service obligations and cause us to be subject to restrictive operating and financial covenants. It is possible that, when we need additional cash resources, financing will only be available to us in amounts or on terms that would not be acceptable to us, if at all.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table presents the Company’s material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2011:

 

Contractual Obligations  Total  

Less than

1 year

   1-3 years   3-5 years  

More than

5 years

 
                     
Bank Loans  $21,177,769   $21,177,769   $-   $-   $- 
Operating Lease Obligations   1,621,708    201,533    336,138    174,963    909,074 
   $22,799,477   $21,379,302   $336,138   $174,963   $909,074 

 

Summary of Certain Liquidity Events

 

In connection with an exchange agreement, on April 27, 2010, we issued an aggregate of 8,736,932 shares of our common stock to the shareholders of City Zone.  We received in exchange from the City Zone shareholders 100% of the shares of City Zone, which exchange resulted in City Zone becoming our wholly owned subsidiary.  Immediately after the Exchange, we entered into a Purchase Agreement with certain accredited Investors for the issuance and sale in a private placement of units, consisting of, 2,455,863 shares of our Series A convertible preferred stock and Series A warrants to purchase up to 982,362 shares of our common stock, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $10,805,750.

 

On November 4, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Company’s 2010 Share Incentive Plan.  Under the Plan, 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock shall be allocated to and authorized for use pursuant to the terms of the Plan.  On November 8, 2010, a total of 931,000 non-qualified incentive stock options were approved by our Board of Directors and granted under the Plan to executives, key employees, independent directors, and consultants at an exercise price of $4.40 per share and on December 15, 2010, 40,000 non-qualified incentive stock shares were approved by our Board of Directors and granted under the Plan to a consultant at an exercise price of $4.40 per share, of which shall vest as follows:

 

33 1/3% of the option grants vested one (1) month after the date of grant;

33 1/3% of the option grants vested twelve (12) months after the date of grant; and

33 1/3% of the option grants will vest twenty-four (24) months after the date of grant.

 

On March 8, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors allocated to and authorized for use the maximum number of shares allowable pursuant to the terms of the Plan and granted 420,000 options under the Plan, of which 264,000 were new options and 156,000 were re-granted after such options were forfeited by employees as a result of their resignations from the Company in accordance with the terms of their option agreements. All of the newly granted options vest as follows:

 

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50% of the options granted will vest six (6) months after the date of the grant; and

50% of the options granted will vest twelve (12) months after the date of the grant.

 

On November 5, 2010, we filed a Registration Statement with the SEC on Form S-8 covering up to 1,000,000 shares underlying options which may be granted under the Plan. As of March 31, 2012, none of the options granted pursuant to the Plan have been exercised.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, financings, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, also known as “special purpose entities”.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 

   

This discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations has been prepared by management based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates our critical accounting policies and estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, valuation of accounts receivable, property and equipment, long-lived assets, intangible assets, derivative liabilities and contingencies.  Estimates are based on historical experience and on various assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. These judgments and estimates affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We consider the following accounting policies important in understanding our operating results and financial condition:

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes its estimates based on historical experience and various other assumptions and information that are available and believed to be reasonable at the time the estimates are made. Therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash in bank and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

 

As a result of the financings associated with the reverse merger, we had, as of December 31, 2010, $125,560 in a trust account. The use of these funds requires the written approval of our placement agent and us. The funds in the escrow account were designated for certain expenses, such as investor relations, accounting/consulting fees, SEC fees, and stock transfer agent fees. This amount was classified as restricted cash under current assets on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2010, while the restriction has been released in 2011.

 

As of March 31, 2012, $262,092 of cash was restricted as the pledge for $2,121,101 (RMB 13,350,000) and $262,009 (RMB 1,650,000) of bank loans obtained from China Merchants Bank at Dongzhimen branch in November 2011 and January 11, 2012, respectively; $240,876 of cash was restricted as pledges for bank loans of $793,966 (RMB 5,000,000), $1,429,139 (RMB 9,000,000) and $2,381,898 (RMB 15, 000,000) obtained from Agriculture Development Bank of China in May, November and December in 2011, respectively.

 

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Accounts receivable

 

Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value consisting of the carrying amount less allowance for doubtful accounts, as needed.  We assess the collectability of accounts receivable based primarily upon the creditworthiness of the customer as determined by credit checks and analysis, as well as the customer’s payment history.  Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends, and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves.  As of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, there were no customers with accounts receivable greater than six months past due.

 

Inventories

 

The Company's inventories are stated at lower of cost or market.  Cost is determined on moving-average basis.  Costs of inventories include purchase and related costs incurred in delivering the products to their present location and condition.  Market value is determined by reference to selling prices after the balance sheet date or to management’s estimates based on prevailing market conditions.  Management periodically evaluates the composition of its inventories at least quarterly to identify slow-moving and obsolete inventories to determine if valuation allowance is required.  As of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, management had identified no slow moving or obsolete inventory.

 

Assets held for sales

 

A long-lived asset to be sold shall be classified as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: (a) Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the asset. (b) The asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets. (c) An active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset have been initiated. (d) The sale of the asset is probable, and transfer of the asset is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale, within one year, except as permitted by paragraph ASC 360-10-45-11. The term probable refers to a future sale that is likely to occur. (e) The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value. The price at which a long-lived asset is being marketed is indicative of whether the entity currently has the intent and ability to sell the asset. A market price that is reasonable in relation to fair value indicates that the asset is available for immediate sale, whereas a market price in excess of fair value indicates that the asset is not available for immediate sale. (f) Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

 

A loss shall be recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down to fair value less cost to sell. A gain shall be recognized for any subsequent increase in fair value less cost to sell, but not in excess of the cumulative loss previously recognized (for a write-down to fair value less cost to sell). The loss or gain shall adjust only the carrying amount of a long-lived asset, whether classified as held for sale individually or as part of a disposal group.

 

Property, plant, and equipment

 

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized.  When property, plant, and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations.

 

 Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

  

    Useful Life
(in years)
 
Automobiles   5  
Buildings   10-30  
Office equipment   5  
Machinery and equipment   5-10  
Furniture & fixtures   5  

  

-37-
 

 

Construction-in-progress

 

Construction-in-progress consists of amounts expended for a new factory park construction and the cost of the portion of the land use right the new factory park occupied..  Construction-in-progress is not depreciated until such time as the assets are completed and put into service.  Once factory park construction is completed, the cost accumulated in construction-in-progress is transferred to property, plant, and equipment.

 

Long-lived assets

 

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 360 (ASC 360), "Property, Plant, and Equipment" which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.  The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used in accordance with ASC 360, at least on an annual basis.  ASC 360 requires the impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived assets.  Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost of disposal.

 

Intangible assets

 

For intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the intangible asset is not recoverable and exceeds fair value.  The carrying amount of the intangible asset is considered not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset.

 

Fair value measurements

 

FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (formerly SFAS No. 157) defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments to base fair value on exit price and maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit price.  It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.  This hierarchy increases the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available.  Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company.  Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.  The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

 

·Level 1 – Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.  Valuation of these instruments does not require a high degree of judgment as the valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly available.

 

·Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

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·Level 3 – Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and not corroborated by market data.  The fair value for such assets and liabilities is generally determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

 

This guidance applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements.  On February 12, 2008, the FASB finalized FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 (ASC 820).  This Staff Position delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 (ASC 820) for nonfinancial assets and liabilities to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years, except for those items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually).  The adoption of SFAS No. 157 (ASC 820) had no effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

 

We also analyze all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480-10 (formerly SFAS 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity”) and ASC 815-40 (formerly EITF 00-19, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock”).  We have determined ASC 480-10 (formerly SFAS 150) and ASC 815-40 (formerly EITF 00-19) has no material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in compliance with the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (“SAB 104”).  The Company recognizes product revenue when the following fundamental criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) our price to the customer is fixed or determinable and (iv) collection of the resulting accounts receivable is reasonably assured.  The Company recognizes revenue for product sales upon transfer of title to the customer.  Customer purchase orders and/or contracts are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement.  Shipping documents and the completion of any customer acceptance requirements, when applicable, are used to verify product delivery or that services have been rendered.  The Company assesses whether a price is fixed or determinable based upon the payment terms associated with the transaction and whether the sales price is subject to refund or adjustment.

 

The Company’s revenue is recognized net of value-added tax (VAT), reductions to revenue for estimated product returns, and sales discounts based on volume achieved in the same period that the related revenue is recorded.  The estimates are based on historical sales returns, analysis of credit memo data, and other factors known at the time.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, sales discounts from continuing operations were $0 and $42,513, respectively.

 

We offer a right of exchange on our grain products sold through our relationship with grocery store networks.  The consumer who purchases the product may exchange it for the same kind and quantity of product originally purchased.  In accordance with FASB ASC 605-15-25-1 and 605-15-15-2, these are not considered returns for revenue recognition purposes.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the returns of our product were not material.

 

Advertising costs

 

The Company expenses the cost of advertising as incurred or, as appropriate, the first time the advertising takes place.  Advertising costs from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 were $476,459 and $125,394, respectively.

 

Research and development

  

The Company expenses its research and development costs as incurred.  Research and development costs from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 were not material.

 

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Stock-based compensation

 

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standard Board, or the FASB, issued the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment”, which replaces SFAS No. 123 and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25.  SFAS No. 123(R) is now included in the FASB’s ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”  Under SFAS No. 123(R), companies are required to measure the compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognize the costs in the financial statements over the period during which employees or independent contractors are required to provide services.  Share-based compensation arrangements include stock options and warrants, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans.  In March 2005, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, or SAB 107, which expresses views of the staff regarding the interaction between SFAS No. 123(R) and certain SEC rules and regulations and provides the staff’s views regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies.  SFAS No. 123(R) permits public companies to adopt its requirements using one of two methods.  On April 14, 2005, the SEC adopted a new rule amending the compliance dates for SFAS No. 123(R).  Companies may elect to apply this statement either prospectively, or on a modified version of retrospective application under which financial statements for prior periods are adjusted on a basis consistent with the pro forma disclosures required for those periods under SFAS No. 123.

 

The Company has fully adopted the provisions of FASB ASC 718 and related interpretations as provided by SAB 107.  As such, compensation cost is measured on the date of grant as the fair value of the share-based payments.  Such compensation amounts, if any, are amortized over the respective vesting periods of the option grant.

 

Income taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.”  ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences.  Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

 

Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur.  The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination.  For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.  The adoption had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Foreign currency translation and comprehensive income

 

U.S. GAAP requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income.  Certain statements, however, require entities to report specific changes in assets and liabilities, such as gain or loss on foreign currency translation, as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet.  Such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.  The functional currency of the Company is Renminbi (“RMB”).  The unit of RMB is in Yuan.  Translation gains are classified as an item of other comprehensive income in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet.

 

Statement of cash flows

 

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies.  As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets.

 

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Discontinued operations

 

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in these consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2011 presentation of discontinued operations of the VIE Group for the deep processed grain business. See Note 1 and 3 for additional information.

 

Recent pronouncements

 

In January 2010, FASB issued an amendment regarding improving disclosures about fair value measurements. This new guidance requires some new disclosures and clarifies some existing disclosure requirements about fair value measurement. The new disclosures and clarifications of existing disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements in the roll forward of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements. Those disclosures are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. There was no impact from the adoption of this guidance to our consolidated financial position or results of operations as the amendment only addresses disclosures.

 

In April 2010, FASB issued an amendment to Stock Compensation. The amendment clarifies that an employee stock-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity shares trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, an entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations since our stock-based payment awards have an exercise price denominated in the same currency of the market in which our Company shares are traded.

 

In May 2011, FASB issued an amendment (ASU No. 2011-04) to Fair Value Measurement (ASC Topic 820). In 2006, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published a Memorandum of Understanding, which has served as the foundation of the Board’s efforts to a common set of high quality global accounting standards. Consistent with the Memorandum of Understanding and the Board’s commitment to achieving the goal, the amendments in this Update are the result of the work by the FASB and the IASB to develop common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

In May 2011, FASB issued an amendment (ASU No. 2011-05) to Comprehensive Income (ASC Topic 220). The amendment require that all nonowner changes in stockholders’ equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In the two-statement approach, the first statement should present total net income and its components followed consecutively by a second statement that should present total other comprehensive income, the components of other comprehensive income, and the total of comprehensive income. The Company had adopted this guidance to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

In September 2011, FASB issued an amendment (ASU No. 2011-08) to Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (ASC Topic 350). The amendments in the Update permit an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in Topic 350. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, as described in paragraph 350-20-35-4. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the entity is required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any, as described in paragraph 350-20-35-9. The Company had adopted this guidance to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

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In December 2011, FASB issued an Update (ASU No. 2011-10) to Property, Plant, and Equipment (ASC Topic 360). Under the amendments in this Update, when a parent (reporting entity) ceases to have a controlling financial interest (as described in Subtopic 810-10) in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate as a result of default on the subsidiary’s nonrecourse debt, the reporting entity should apply the guidance in Subtopic 360-20 to determine whether it should derecognize the in substance real estate. Generally, a reporting entity would not satisfy the requirements to derecognize the in substance real estate before the legal transfer of the real estate to the lender and the extinguishment of the related nonrecourse indebtedness. That is, even if the reporting entity ceases to have a controlling financial interest under Subtopic 810-10, the reporting entity would continue to include the real estate, debt, and the results of the subsidiary’s operations in its consolidated financial statements until legal title to the real estate is transferred to legally satisfy the debt. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

In December 2011, FASB issued an Update (ASU No. 2011-11) to Balance Sheet (ASC Topic 210) regarding disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. Pursuant to this Update, entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide this information.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

 

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

 

At the conclusion of the period ended March 31, 2012, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 2012, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and adequately designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms and that such information was accumulated and communicated to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner that allowed for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. 

 

Changes in internal controls 

 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

-42-
 

 

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

 

We are currently not involved in any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. To our knowledge, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of our executive officers or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting us, our common stock, any of our subsidiaries or any of our companies or our companies’ subsidiaries’ officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

 

Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide this information.

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

 

On March 8, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors allocated to and authorized for use the maximum number of shares allowable pursuant to the terms of the Plan and granted 420,000 options under the Plan, of which 264,000 were new options and 156,000 were re-granted after such options were forfeited by employees as a result of their resignations from the Company in accordance with the terms of their option agreements. All of the newly granted options vest as follows:

 

50% of the options granted will vest six (6) months after the date of the grant; and

50% of the options granted will vest twelve (12) months after the date of the grant.

 

As of the date of this report, none of these options have been exercised.

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

 

None.

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

 

None.

 

Item 5. Other Information.

 

None.

 

Item 6. Exhibits.

 

2.1 Share Exchange Agreement Dated April 27, 2010 (1)
   
3.1 Articles of Incorporation of Deyu Agriculture Corp. (2)
   
3.2 Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation of Deyu Agriculture Corp. (3)
   
3.3 Bylaws of Deyu Agriculture Corp. (2)
   
4.1 Certificate of Designation of Rights and Preferences of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (1)
   
4.2 Form of Series A Warrant (1)
   
10.1 Securities Purchase Agreement Dated April 27, 2010 (1)
   
10.2 Registration Rights Agreement Dated April 27, 2010 (1)
   
10.3 Form of Lock-Up Agreement Dated April 27, 2010 (1)
   
10.4 Securities Escrow Agreement Dated April 27, 2010 (1)

  

-43-
 

 

10.5 Placement Agent Agreement between the Company and Maxim Group, LLC dated January 27, 2010(6)
   
10.6 Share Transfer Agreement between Hong Wang and Yam Sheung Kwok dated April 26, 2010 (6)
   
10.7 Share Transfer Agreement between Jianming Hao and Yam Sheung Kwok dated April 26, 2010 (6)
   
10.8 Share Transfer Agreement between Wenjun Tian and Yam Sheung Kwok dated April 26, 2010 (6)
   
10.9 Share Transfer Agreement between Yongqing Ren and Yam Sheung Kwok dated April 26, 2010 (6)
   
10.10 Share Transfer Agreement between Junde Zhang and Yam Sheung Kwok dated April 26, 2010 (6)
   
10.11 Employment Agreement between David Lethem, as Chief Financial Officer, and the Company dated June 18, 2010 (4)
   
10.12 Certificate from China Organic Food Certification Center dated December 21, 2009 (6)
   
10.13 Corn Purchase Letter of Intent between Shanghai Yihai Trading Co., Ltd., Shanxi Office and Jinzhong Yuliang Agricultural Trading Co., Limited dated December 20, 2009 (6)
   
10.14 Warehouse Lease Agreement between Shanxi 661 Warehouse and Jinzhong Yongcheng Agricultural Trading Co., Limited dated December 21, 2006 (6)
   
10.15 Warehouse Lease Agreement between Shanxi Means of Production Company, Yuci Warehouse (formerly, the 671 Warehouse) and Jinzhong Yongcheng Agricultural Trading Co., Limited dated December 28, 2008 (6)
   
10.16 Railway Lease Agreement between Shanxi Cereal & Oil Group, Mingli Reservation Depot and Jinzhong Yongcheng Agriculture Trading Co., Limited dated December 21, 2006 (6)
   
10.17 Railway Lease Agreement between Shanxi Yuci Cereal Reservation Depot and Jinzhong Yongcheng Agriculture Trading Co., Limited dated November 15, 2007 (6)
   
10.18 Railway Lease Agreement between Yuci Dongzhao Railway Freight Station and Jinzhong Yongcheng Agriculture Trading Co., Limited dated December 21, 2006 (6)
   
10.19 Agricultural Technology Cooperation Agreement between Jinzhong Deyu Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. and Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science dated October 2007 (6)
   
10.20 Agricultural Technology Cooperation Agreement between Sorghum Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jinzhong Deyu Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. dated August 24, 2008 (6)
   
10.21 Certificate of Forest Rights for the Yuci Forest Right Certificate (2005) No. 01518 dated August 11, 2006 (6)
   
10.22 Farmland Transfer Agreement between Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Ltd. and Shanxi Jinbei Plant Technology Co, Ltd. dated September 30, 2010 (6)
   
10.23 Land Use Rights Acquisition Contract Dated September 30, 2010 (5)
   
10.24 Deyu Agriculture Corp. 2010 Share Incentive Plan (7)
   
10.25 Exclusive Management and Consulting Service Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and between Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd. (English translated version) (8)
   
10.26 Exclusive Management and Consulting Service Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and between Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (English translated version) (8)

 

-44-
 

 

10.27 Business Cooperation Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and between Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd. (English Translated Version) (8)
   
10.28 Business Operation Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and among Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited, Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd. and each of the shareholders of Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd. (English translated version) (8)
   
10.29 Business Operation Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and among Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited, Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. and both of the shareholders of Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (English translated version) (8)
   
10.30 Share Pledge Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and among Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and the following shareholders of Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd.: Tian Wenjun, Hao Jianming, Yang Jianhui, Zhou Jianbin, Ren Li, Ren Yongqing, Zhang Junde and Wang Tao (English translated version) (8)
   
10.31 Share Pledge Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and among Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and the following shareholders of Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.: Zhao Jing and Zhao Peilin (English translated version) (8)
   
10.32 Form of Power of Attorney (English translated version) (8) 
   
10.33 Equity Acquisition Option Agreement, dated November 16, 2010,  by and among Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and the following shareholders of Beijing Jundaqianyuan Investment Management Co., Ltd.: Tian Wenjun, Hao Jianming, Yang Jianhui, Zhou Jianbin, Ren Li, Ren Yongqing, Zhang Junde and Wang Tao (English translated version) (8)
   
10.34 Equity Acquisition Option Agreement, dated November 16, 2010,  by and among Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and the following shareholders of Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consulting Co., Ltd.: Zhao Jing and Zhao Peilin (English translated version) (8)
   
10.35 Business Cooperation Agreement, dated November 16, 2010, by and between Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co. Limited and Jinzhong Longyue Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (English Translated Version) (8)
   
10.36 Village Collective Farmland Transfer Agreement, dated December 20, 2010, by and between Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and Shanxi Jinbei Plant Technology Development Co., Ltd. (English Translated and Mandarin Versions) (9)
   
10.37 Contract of Agreement, effective as of January 10, 2011,  by and between Deyu Agriculture Corp. and Charlie Lin (10)
   
14.1 Code of Conduct (6)
   
16.1 Letter from Auditor (11)
   
21 List of Subsidiaries (12)
   
31.1 Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
   
31.2 Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*

 

-45-
 

  

32.1 Certification Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002**
   
32.2 Certification Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002**
   
99.1 Audit Committee Charter adopted August 19, 2010 (6)
   
101. INS XBRL Instance Document*
   
101. CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Link base Document*
   
101. DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Link base Document*
   
101. LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Link base Document*
   
101. PRE XBRL Extension Presentation Link base Document*
   
101. SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Scheme Document*

 

 (1)  Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on May 3, 2010.
(2) Incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on July 8, 2009.
(3) Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2010.
(4) Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on June 18, 2010.
(5) Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on October 6, 2010.
(6) Incorporated by reference to our Form S-1/A filed on October 21, 2010.
(7) Incorporated by reference to our Form S-8 filed on November 5, 2010.
(8) Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on November 17, 2010.
(9) Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2010.
(10) Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2011.
 (11) Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed on May 3, 2010.
(12) Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2012

 

*   Filed herewith.

** Furnished, not filed herewith.

 

-46-
 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this  Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Jianming Hao   Chief Executive Officer, Principal Executive Officer   May 15, 2012
Jianming Hao        
         
/s/ Amy He   Acting Chief Financial Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer   May 15, 2012
Amy He        

  

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