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EX-32 - EXHIBIT 32 - CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCc14856exv32.htm
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EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCc14856exv31w1.htm
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
     
þ   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010
or
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to                     .
Commission file number: 000-50249
(CPA LOGO)
CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCORPORATED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Maryland   52-2298116
(State of incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
50 Rockefeller Plaza    
New York, New York   10020
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip code)
Registrant’s telephone numbers, including area code:
Investor Relations (212) 492-8920
(212) 492-1100
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, Par Value $0.001 Per Share
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
             
Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer þ   Smaller reporting company o
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ
Registrant has no active market for its common stock. Non-affiliates held 118,493,221 shares of common stock at June 30, 2010.
At March 18, 2011, there were 129,221,453 shares of common stock of registrant outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant incorporates by reference its definitive Proxy Statement with respect to its 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days following the end of its fiscal year, into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
 

 

 


 

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 Exhibit 21.1
 Exhibit 23.1
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 of Part II of this Report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. It is important to note that our actual results could be materially different from those projected in such forward-looking statements. You should exercise caution in relying on forward-looking statements as they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may materially affect our future results, performance, achievements or transactions. Information on factors which could impact actual results and cause them to differ from what is anticipated in the forward-looking statements contained herein is included in this Report as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including but not limited to those described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Report. We do not undertake to revise or update any forward-looking statements. Additionally, a description of our critical accounting estimates is included in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this Report.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 1

 

 


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PART I
Item 1.   Business.
(a) General Development of Business
Overview
Corporate Property Associates 15 Incorporated (together with its consolidated subsidiaries and predecessors, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a publicly owned, non-listed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that primarily invests in commercial properties leased to companies domestically and internationally. As a REIT, we are not subject to United States (“U.S.”) federal income taxation as long as we satisfy certain requirements, principally relating to the nature of our income, the level of our distributions and other factors.
Our core investment strategy is to own and manage a portfolio of properties leased to a diversified group of companies on a single tenant net lease basis. Our net leases generally require the tenant to pay substantially all of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the property such as maintenance, insurance, taxes, structural repairs and other operating expenses. Leases of this type are referred to as triple-net leases. We generally seek to include in our leases:
    clauses providing for mandated rent increases or periodic rent increases over the term of the lease tied to increases in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) or other similar index for the jurisdiction in which the property is located or, when appropriate, increases tied to the volume of sales at the property;
    indemnification for environmental and other liabilities;
    operational or financial covenants of the tenant; and
    guarantees of lease obligations from parent companies or letters of credit.
We are managed by W. P. Carey & Co. LLC (“WPC”) through certain of its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “advisor”). WPC is a publicly-traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WPC.”
The advisor provides both strategic and day-to-day management services for us, including capital funding services, investment research and analysis, investment financing and other investment related services, asset management, disposition of assets, investor relations and administrative services. The advisor also provides office space and other facilities for us. We pay asset management fees and certain transactional fees to the advisor and also reimburse the advisor for certain expenses incurred in providing services, including personnel provided for the administration of our operations. The advisor also currently serves in this capacity for other REITs that it formed under the Corporate Property Associates brand: Corporate Property Associates 14 Incorporated (“CPA®:14”), Corporate Property Associates 16 — Global Incorporated (“CPA®:16 — Global”) and Corporate Property Associates 17 — Global Incorporated (“CPA®:17 — Global”), collectively, including us, the “CPA® REITs.” The advisor also serves as the advisor to Carey Watermark Investors Incorporated, which was formed in March 2008 for the purpose of acquiring interests in lodging and lodging-related properties.
We were formed as a Maryland corporation in February 2001. In two offerings, between November 2001 and August 2003, we sold a total of 104,617,606 shares of our common stock for a total of $1.0 billion in gross offering proceeds. Through December 31, 2010, we have also issued 13,272,038 shares ($153.2 million) through our distribution reinvestment and stock purchase plan. We have repurchased 16,191,899 shares ($170.6 million) under our redemption plan from inception through December 31, 2010. In June 2009, as a result of redemptions reaching the 5% limitation under the terms of our redemption plan and our desire to preserve capital and liquidity, our board of directors suspended our redemption plan, effective for all redemption requests received subsequent to June 1, 2009, with limited exceptions in cases of death or disability. The suspension will remain in effect until our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to reinstate the plan.
Our principal executive offices are located at 50 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10020 and our telephone number is (212) 492-1100. We have no employees. At December 31, 2010, the advisor employed 170 individuals who are available to perform services for us.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 2

 

 


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Significant Developments during 2010:
Net Asset Value — As a result of continued weakness in the economy and a weakening of the Euro versus the dollar during 2010 and 2009, our estimated net asset value (“NAV”) per share at December 31, 2010 decreased to $10.40, which represented a 3% decline from our December 31, 2009 NAV per share of $10.70.
Dispositions — During 2010, we sold five domestic properties for a total price of $88.9 million, net of selling costs, and recognized a net gain on the sales of $33.0 million. In addition, during 2010, we deconsolidated a subsidiary as a result of modifying its structure in connection with a refinancing and recognized a gain on deconsolidation of $11.5 million. All amounts are inclusive of affiliates’ noncontrolling interests in the properties.
Impairment Charges — During 2010, we incurred impairment charges totaling $25.3 million to reduce the carrying value of certain of our real estate investments to their estimated fair value (Note 11).
Financing Activity — During 2010, we refinanced maturing non-recourse mortgage loans with new non-recourse financing of $14.3 million at a weighted average annual interest rate and term of 6.1% and 6.0 years, respectively. In addition, an unconsolidated venture in which we hold a 33% ownership interest refinanced its existing non-recourse mortgage loan with new non-recourse financing of $57.5 million at a fixed annual interest rate and term of 5.8% and 8.3 years, respectively.
(b) Financial Information About Segments
We operate in one industry segment, real estate ownership, with domestic and foreign investments. Refer to Note 18 in the accompanying financial statements for financial information about this segment.
(c) Narrative Description of Business
Business Objectives and Strategy
We invest primarily in income-producing commercial real estate properties that are, upon acquisition, improved or developed or that will be developed within a reasonable time after acquisition.
Our objectives are to:
    own a diversified portfolio of triple-net leased real estate;
    fund distributions to shareholders; and
    increase our equity in our real estate by making regular principal payments on mortgage loans for our properties.
We seek to achieve these objectives by investing in and holding commercial properties that are generally triple-net leased to a single corporate tenant. We intend our portfolio to be diversified by tenant, facility type, geographic location and tenant industry.
Our business plan is principally focused on managing our existing portfolio of properties. This may include looking to selectively dispose of properties, obtaining new non-recourse mortgage financing on unencumbered assets or refinancing existing mortgage loans on properties if we can obtain such financing on attractive terms.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 3

 

 


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Our Portfolio
At December 31, 2010, our portfolio was comprised of our full or partial ownership interest in 347 properties, substantially all of which were triple-net leased to 78 tenants, and totaled approximately 30 million square feet (on a pro rata basis) with an occupancy rate of approximately 97%. Our portfolio had the following property and lease characteristics:
Geographic Diversification
Information regarding the geographic diversification of our properties at December 31, 2010 is set forth below (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    Consolidated Investments     Equity Investments in Real Estate (b)  
    Annualized     % of Annualized     Annualized     % of Annualized  
    Contractual     Contractual     Contractual     Contractual  
    Minimum     Minimum     Minimum     Minimum  
Region   Base Rent (a)     Base Rent     Base Rent (a)     Base Rent  
United States
                               
South
  $ 49,798       19 %   $ 2,927       11 %
Midwest
    41,132       16       2,904       11  
West
    40,804       16       10,749       41  
East
    36,220       14       6,365       24  
 
                       
Total U.S.
    167,954       65       22,945       87  
 
                       
International
                               
Europe (c)
    88,810       35       3,501       13  
 
                       
Total
  $ 256,764       100 %   $ 26,446       100 %
 
                       
 
     
(a)   Reflects annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010.
 
(b)   Reflects our pro rata share of annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010 from equity investments in real estate.
 
(c)   Reflects investments in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom.
Property Diversification
Information regarding our property diversification at December 31, 2010 is set forth below (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    Consolidated Investments     Equity Investments in Real Estate (b)  
    Annualized     % of Annualized     Annualized     % of Annualized  
    Contractual     Contractual     Contractual     Contractual  
    Minimum     Minimum     Minimum     Minimum  
Property Type   Base Rent (a)     Base Rent     Base Rent (a)     Base Rent  
Office
  $ 64,606       25 %   $ 350       1 %
Warehouse/Distribution
    43,051       17       3,473       13  
Retail
    40,861       16       1,493       6  
Industrial
    37,926       15       12,725       48  
Other properties (c)
    37,834       15              
Self-storage
    32,486       12              
Hospitality
                8,405       32  
 
                       
Total
  $ 256,764       100 %   $ 26,446       100 %
 
                       
 
     
(a)   Reflects annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010.
 
(b)   Reflects our pro rata share of annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010 from equity investments in real estate.
 
(c)   Other properties include education, childcare and leisure; amusement; and entertainment properties.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 4

 

 


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Tenant Diversification
Information regarding our tenant diversification at December 31, 2010 is set forth below (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    Consolidated Investments     Equity Investments in Real Estate(c)  
    Annualized     % of Annualized     Annualized     % of Annualized  
    Contractual     Contractual     Contractual     Contractual  
    Minimum     Minimum     Minimum     Minimum  
Tenant Industry (a)   Base Rent (b)     Base Rent     Base Rent (a)     Base Rent  
Retail trade
  $ 60,120       23 %   $ 2,296       9 %
Healthcare, education and childcare
    24,262       9              
Electronics
    22,229       9       6,239       24  
Buildings and real estate
    21,115       8              
Leisure, amusement, entertainment
    19,387       8              
Business and commercial services
    15,970       6              
Construction and building
    13,651       5       646       2  
Chemicals, plastics, rubber, and glass
    12,462       5              
Transportation — personal
    11,371       4              
Federal, state and local government
    10,372       4              
Insurance
    8,617       3              
Automobile
    7,133       3       1,205       4  
Aerospace and defense
    5,804       2              
Telecommunications
    5,543       2              
Media: printing and publishing
    4,410       2       1,597       6  
Beverages, food, and tobacco
    3,940       2       1,763       7  
Consumer and durable goods
    3,899       2              
Hotels and gaming
                8,406       32  
Other (d)
    6,479       3       4,294       16  
 
                       
Total
  $ 256,764       100 %   $ 26,446       100 %
 
                       
 
     
(a)   Based on the Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. classification system and information provided by the tenant.
 
(b)   Reflects annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010.
 
(c)   Reflects our pro rata share of annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010 from equity investments in real estate.
 
(d)   Other includes annualized contractual minimum base rent from tenants in our consolidated investments in the following industries: forest products and paper (1%), consumer and non-durable goods (1%), transportation-cargo (less than 1%), machinery (less than 1%), and mining, metals and primary metals (less than 1%). For our equity investments in real estate, Other consists of annualized contract minimum base rent from tenants in the following industries: machinery (9%) and transportation-cargo (7%).
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 5

 

 


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Lease Expirations
At December 31, 2010, lease expirations of our properties were as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    Consolidated Investments     Equity Investments in Real Estate(b)  
    Annualized     % of Annualized     Annualized     % of Annualized  
    Contractual     Contractual     Contractual     Contractual  
    Minimum     Minimum     Minimum     Minimum  
Year of Lease Expiration   Base Rent (a)     Base Rent     Base Rent (a)     Base Rent  
2011
  $ 8,272       3 %   $ 223       1 %
2012
    1,504       1              
2013
    2,263       1              
2014
    19,326       7              
2015
    24,461       10              
2016
    13,134       5       1,763       7  
2017
    5,327       2       646       2  
2018
    17,203       7       3,981       14  
2019
    13,835       5              
2020
    9,690       4       1,597       6  
2021
    14,100       5       2,541       10  
2022
    27,626       11       2,258       9  
2023
    20,406       8       8,406       31  
2024
    46,767       18       737       3  
2025 – 2029
    16,887       7       2,296       9  
2030 – 2033
    15,963       6       1,998       8  
 
                       
Total
  $ 256,764       100 %   $ 26,446       100 %
 
                       
 
     
(a)   Reflects annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010.
 
(b)   Reflects our pro rata share of annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010 from equity investments in real estate.
Asset Management
We believe that effective management of our assets is essential to maintain and enhance property values. Important aspects of asset management include restructuring transactions to meet the evolving needs of current tenants, re-leasing properties, refinancing debt, selling assets and knowledge of the bankruptcy process.
The advisor monitors, on an ongoing basis, compliance by tenants with their lease obligations and other factors that could affect the financial performance of any of our properties. Monitoring involves verifying that each tenant has paid real estate taxes, assessments and other expenses relating to the properties it occupies and confirming that appropriate insurance coverage is being maintained by the tenant. For international compliance, the advisor also utilizes third-party asset managers for certain investments. The advisor reviews financial statements of our tenants and undertakes regular physical inspections of the condition and maintenance of our properties. Additionally, the advisor periodically analyzes each tenant’s financial condition, the industry in which each tenant operates and each tenant’s relative strength in its industry.
Holding Period
We intend to hold each property we invest in for an extended period. The determination of whether a particular property should be sold or otherwise disposed of will be made after consideration of relevant factors, including prevailing economic conditions, with a view to achieving maximum capital appreciation for our shareholders or avoiding increases in risk. No assurance can be given that this objective will be realized.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 6

 

 


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Our intention is to consider alternatives for providing liquidity for our shareholders generally commencing eight years following the investment of substantially all of the net proceeds from our initial public offering, which occurred in 2003. We may provide liquidity for our shareholders through sales of assets, either on a portfolio basis or individually, a listing of our shares on a stock exchange, a merger (which may include a merger with one or more of our affiliated CPA® REITs and/or with the advisor) or another transaction approved by our board of directors. While we are considering liquidity alternatives, we may choose to limit the making of new investments, unless our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, determines that, in light of our expected life, it is in our shareholders’ best interests for us to make new investments. We are under no obligation to liquidate our portfolio within any particular period since the precise timing will depend on real estate and financial markets, economic conditions of the areas in which the properties are located and tax effects on shareholders that may prevail in the future. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to consummate a liquidity event. In the most recent instances in which CPA® REIT shareholders were provided with liquidity, the liquidating entity merged with another, later-formed CPA® REIT. In each of these transactions, shareholders of the liquidating entity were offered the opportunity to exchange their shares for shares of the merged entity, cash or a short-term note.
Financing Strategies
Consistent with our investment policies, we use leverage when available on favorable terms. Substantially all of our mortgage loans are non-recourse and provide for monthly or quarterly installments, which include scheduled payments of principal. At December 31, 2010, 82% of our mortgage financing bore interest at fixed rates. At December 31, 2010, approximately 40% of our variable-rate debt bore interest at fixed rates but will reset in the future, pursuant to the terms of the mortgage contracts. Accordingly, our near-term cash flow should not be adversely affected by increases in interest rates. The advisor may refinance properties or defease a loan when a decline in interest rates makes it profitable to prepay an existing mortgage loan, when an existing mortgage loan matures or if an attractive investment becomes available and the proceeds from the refinancing can be used to purchase the investment. There is no assurance that existing debt will be refinanced at lower rates of interest as the debt matures. The benefits of the refinancing may include an increased cash flow resulting from reduced debt service requirements, an increase in distributions from proceeds of the refinancing, if any, and/or an increase in property ownership if some refinancing proceeds are reinvested in real estate. The prepayment of loans may require us to pay a yield maintenance premium to the lender in order to pay off a loan prior to its maturity.
A lender on non-recourse mortgage debt generally has recourse only to the property collateralizing such debt and not to any of our other assets, while unsecured financing would give a lender recourse to all of our assets. The use of non-recourse debt, therefore, helps us to limit the exposure of our assets to any one debt obligation. Lenders may, however, have recourse to our other assets in limited circumstances not related to the repayment of the indebtedness, such as under an environmental indemnity or in the case of fraud. Lenders may also seek to include in the terms of mortgage loans provisions making the termination or replacement of the advisor an event of default or an event requiring the immediate repayment of the full outstanding balance of the loan. We will attempt to negotiate loan terms allowing us to replace or terminate the advisor. Even if we are successful in negotiating such provisions, the replacement or termination of the advisor may require the prior consent of the mortgage lenders.
A majority of our financing requires us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. At December 31, 2010, scheduled balloon payments for the next five years were as follows (in thousands):
         
2011
  $ 57,780  (a)(b)(c)
2012
    103,774  (b)(c)
2013
    102,530  (b)
2014
    332,843  (b)
2015
    164,000  (b)
 
     
(a)   Of the amount shown, $21.2 million was refinanced and $6.3 million was paid in January 2011, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $7.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
 
(b)   Inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests totaling $17.2 million in 2011, $8.6 million in 2012, $32.4 million in 2013, $127.1 million in 2014 and $47.9 million in 2015.
 
(c)   Excludes our pro rata share of mortgage obligations of equity investments in real estate totaling $20.8 million in 2011 and $2.5 million in 2012. In February 2011, a venture repaid a mortgage loan due in 2011, of which our share of the payment was $4.9 million.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 7

 

 


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We are currently seeking to refinance certain of these loans due in 2011 and believe we have existing cash resources that can be used to make these payments, if necessary.
Investment Strategies
We invest primarily in income-producing properties that are, upon acquisition, improved or being developed or that are to be developed within a reasonable period after acquisition. While we are not currently seeking to make new significant investments, we may do so if attractive opportunities arise.
Most of our properties are subject to long-term net leases and were acquired through sale-leaseback transactions in which we acquire properties from companies that simultaneously lease the properties back from us. These sale-leaseback transactions provide the lessee company with a source of capital that is an alternative to other financing sources such as corporate borrowing, mortgaging real property, or selling shares of its stock.
Our sale-leaseback transactions may occur in conjunction with acquisitions, recapitalizations or other corporate transactions. We may act as one of several sources of financing for these transactions by purchasing real property from the seller and net leasing it back to the seller or its successor in interest (the lessee).
In analyzing potential net lease investment opportunities, the advisor reviews all aspects of a transaction, including the creditworthiness of the tenant or borrower and the underlying real estate fundamentals, to determine whether a potential acquisition satisfies our investment criteria. The advisor generally considers, among other things, the following aspects of each transaction:
Tenant/Borrower Evaluation — The advisor evaluates each potential tenant or borrower for their creditworthiness, typically considering factors such as management experience, industry position and fundamentals, operating history, and capital structure, as well as other factors that may be relevant to a particular investment. The advisor seeks opportunities in which it believes the tenant may have a stable or improving credit profile or the credit profile has not been recognized by the market. In evaluating a possible investment, the creditworthiness of a tenant or borrower often is a more significant factor than the value of the underlying real estate, particularly if the underlying property is specifically suited to the needs of the tenant; however, in certain circumstances where the real estate is attractively valued, the creditworthiness of the tenant may be a secondary consideration. Whether a prospective tenant or borrower is creditworthy will be determined by the advisor’s investment department and its investment committee, as described below. Creditworthy does not mean “investment grade.”
Properties Important to Tenant/Borrower Operations — The advisor generally focuses on properties that it believes are essential or important to the ongoing operations of the tenant. The advisor believes that these properties provide better protection generally as well as in the event of a bankruptcy, since a tenant/borrower is less likely to risk the loss of a critically important lease or property in a bankruptcy proceeding or otherwise.
Diversification — The advisor attempts to diversify our portfolio to avoid dependence on any one particular tenant, borrower, collateral type, geographic location or tenant/borrower industry. By diversifying our portfolio, the advisor seeks to reduce the adverse effect of a single under-performing investment or a downturn in any particular industry or geographic region.
Lease Terms — Generally, the net leased properties in which we invest are leased on a full recourse basis to our tenants or their affiliates. In addition, the advisor generally seeks to include a clause in each lease that provides for increases in rent over the term of the lease. These increases are fixed or tied generally to increases in indices such as the CPI, or other similar index in the jurisdiction in which the property is located, but may contain caps or other limitations either on an annual or overall basis. Further, in some jurisdictions (notably Germany), these clauses must provide for rent adjustments based on increases or decreases in the relevant index. In the case of retail stores and hotels, the lease may provide for participation in gross revenues of the tenant at the property above a stated level. Alternatively, a lease may provide for mandated rental increases on specific dates.
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Collateral Evaluation — The advisor reviews the physical condition of the property and conducts a market evaluation to determine the likelihood of replacing the rental stream if the tenant defaults or of a sale of the property in such circumstances. The advisor will also generally engage third parties to conduct, or requires the seller to conduct, Phase I or similar environmental site assessments (including a visual inspection for the potential presence of asbestos) in an attempt to identify potential environmental liabilities associated with a property prior to its acquisition. If potential environmental liabilities are identified, the advisor generally requires that identified environmental issues be resolved by the seller prior to property acquisition or, where such issues cannot be resolved prior to acquisition, requires tenants contractually to assume responsibility for resolving identified environmental issues post-closing and provide indemnification protections against any potential claims, losses or expenses arising from such matters. Although the advisor generally relies on its own analysis in determining whether to make an investment, each real property to be purchased by us will be appraised by an independent appraiser. The contractual purchase price (plus acquisition fees, but excluding acquisition expenses, payable to the advisor) for a real property we acquire will not exceed its appraised value, unless approved by our independent directors. The appraisals may take into consideration, among other things, the terms and conditions of the particular lease transaction, the quality of the lessee’s credit and the conditions of the credit markets at the time the lease transaction is negotiated. The appraised value may be greater than the construction cost or the replacement cost of a property, and the actual sale price of a property if sold by us may be greater or less than the appraised value. In cases of special purpose real estate, a property is examined in light of the prospects for the tenant/borrower’s enterprise and the financial strength and the role of that asset in the context of the tenant/borrower’s overall viability. Operating results of properties and other collateral may be examined to determine whether or not projected income levels are likely to be met.
Transaction Provisions to Enhance and Protect Value — The advisor attempts to include provisions in our leases it believes may help protect our investment from changes in the operating and financial characteristics of a tenant that may affect its ability to satisfy its obligations to us or reduce the value of our investment, such as requiring our consent to specified tenant activity, requiring the tenant to provide indemnification protections, and requiring the tenant to satisfy specific operating tests. The advisor may also seek to enhance the likelihood of a tenant’s lease obligations being satisfied through a guarantee of obligations from the tenant’s corporate parent or other entity or a letter of credit. This credit enhancement, if obtained, provides us with additional financial security. However, in markets where competition for net lease transactions is strong, some or all of these provisions may be difficult to negotiate. In addition, in some circumstances, tenants may retain the right to repurchase the property leased by the tenant. The option purchase price is generally the greater of the contract purchase price or the fair market value of the property at the time the option is exercised.
Other Equity Enhancements — The advisor may attempt to obtain equity enhancements in connection with transactions. These equity enhancements may involve warrants exercisable at a future time to purchase stock of the tenant or borrower or their parent. If warrants are obtained, and become exercisable, and if the value of the stock subsequently exceeds the exercise price of the warrant, equity enhancements can help us to achieve our goal of increasing investor returns.
Investment Decisions — The advisor’s investment department, under the oversight of its chief investment officer, is primarily responsible for evaluating, negotiating and structuring potential investment opportunities for the CPA® REITs and WPC. Before an investment is made, the transaction is reviewed by the advisor’s investment committee, except under the limited circumstances described below. The investment committee is not directly involved in originating or negotiating potential investments but instead functions as a separate and final step in the acquisition process. The advisor places special emphasis on having experienced individuals serve on its investment committee. The advisor will not invest in a transaction on our behalf unless it is approved by the investment committee, except that investments with a total purchase price of $10.0 million or less may be approved by either the chairman of the investment committee or the advisor’s chief investment officer (up to, in the case of investments other than long-term net leases, a cap of $30.0 million or 5% of our NAV, whichever is greater, provided that such investments may not have a credit rating of less than BBB-). For transactions that meet the investment criteria of more than one CPA® REIT, the chief investment officer has discretion to allocate the investment to or among the CPA® REITs. In cases where two or more CPA® REITs (or one or more of the CPA® REITs and the advisor) will hold the investment, a majority of the independent directors of each CPA® REIT investing in the property must also approve the transaction.
The following people currently serve on the investment committee:
    Nathaniel S. Coolidge, Chairman — Former senior vice president and head of the bond and corporate finance department of John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance (currently known as John Hancock Life Insurance Company). Mr. Coolidge’s responsibilities included overseeing its entire portfolio of fixed income investments.
    Axel K.A. Hansing Currently serving as a senior partner at Coller Capital, Ltd., a global leader in the private equity secondary market, and responsible for investment activity in parts of Europe, Turkey and South Africa.
    Frank J. Hoenemeyer — Former vice chairman and chief investment officer of the Prudential Insurance Company of America. As chief investment officer, he was responsible for all of Prudential Insurance Company of America’s investments including stocks, bonds and real estate.
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    Jean Hoysradt — Currently serving as the chief investment officer of Mousse Partners Limited, an investment office based in New York.
    Dr. Lawrence R. Klein — Currently serving as professor emeritus of economics and finance at the University of Pennsylvania and its Wharton School. Recipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in economic sciences and former consultant to both the Federal Reserve Board and the President’s Council of Economic Advisors.
    Richard C. Marston — Currently the James R.F. Guy professor of economics and finance at the University of Pennsylvania and its Wharton School.
    Nick J.M. van Ommen — Former chief executive officer of the European Public Real Estate Association (EPRA), currently serves on the supervisory boards of several companies, including Babis Vovos International Construction SA, a listed real estate company in Greece, Intervest Retail and Intervest Offices, listed real estate companies in Belgium, BUWOG / ESG, a residential leasing and development company in Austria and IMMOFINANZ, a listed real estate company in Austria.
    Dr. Karsten von Köller — Currently chairman of Lone Star Germany GMBH, a US private equity firm (“Lone Star”), Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Düsseldorfer Hypothekenbank AG, a subsidiary of Lone Star, and Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG, Corealcredit Bank AG and MHB Bank AG.
The advisor is required to use its best efforts to present a continuing and suitable investment program to us but is not required to present to us any particular investment opportunity, even if it is of a character that, if presented, could be taken by us.
Segments
We operate in one industry segment, real estate ownership with domestic and foreign investments. For 2010, Mercury Partners, LP and U-Haul Moving Partners, Inc. jointly represented 13% of our total lease revenue, inclusive of noncontrolling interest.
Competition
We face active competition from many sources for investment opportunities in commercial properties net leased to major corporations both domestically and internationally. In general, we believe that our advisor’s experience in real estate, credit underwriting and transaction structuring should allow us to compete effectively for commercial properties to the extent we make future acquisitions. However, competitors may be willing to accept rates of return, lease terms, other transaction terms or levels of risk that we may find unacceptable.
Environmental Matters
Our properties generally are or have been used for commercial purposes, including industrial and manufacturing properties. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, current and former owners and operators of property may have liability for the cost of investigating, cleaning up or disposing of hazardous materials released at, on, under, in or from the property. These laws typically impose responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of or was responsible for the presence of hazardous materials or contamination, and liability under these laws is often joint and several. Third parties may also make claims against owners or operators of properties for personal injuries and property damage associated with releases of hazardous materials. As part of our efforts to mitigate these risks, we typically engage third parties to perform assessments of potential environmental risks when evaluating a new acquisition of property, and we frequently obtain contractual protection (indemnities, cash reserves, letters of credit or other instruments) from property sellers, tenants, a tenant’s parent company or another third party to address known or potential environmental issues.
Transactions with Affiliates
We enter into transactions with our affiliates, including the other CPA® REITs and our advisor or its affiliates, if we believe that doing so is consistent with our investment objectives and we comply with our investment policies and procedures. These transactions typically take the form of jointly-owned ventures, direct purchases of assets, mergers or another type of transaction.
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Types of Investments
Substantially all of our investments to date are and will continue to be income-producing properties, which are, upon acquisition, improved or being developed or which will be developed within a reasonable period of time after their acquisition. These investments have primarily been through sale-leaseback transactions, in which we invest in properties from companies that simultaneously lease the properties back from us subject to long-term leases. Investments are not restricted as to geographical areas.
Other Investments — We may invest up to 10% of our net equity in unimproved or non-income-producing real property and in “equity interests.” Investment in equity interests in the aggregate will not exceed five percent of our net equity. Such equity interests are defined generally to mean stock, warrants or other rights to purchase the stock of, or other interests in, a tenant of a property, an entity to which we lend money or a parent or controlling person of a borrower or tenant. We may invest in unimproved or non-income-producing property that the advisor believes will appreciate in value or increase the value of adjoining or neighboring properties we own. There can be no assurance that these expectations will be realized. Often, equity interests will be “restricted securities,” as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), which means that the securities have not been registered with the SEC and are subject to restrictions on sale or transfer. Under this rule, we may be prohibited from reselling the equity securities until we have fully paid for and held the securities for a period between six months to one year. It is possible that the issuer of equity interests in which we invest may never register the interests under the Securities Act. Whether an issuer registers its securities under the Securities Act may depend on many factors, including the success of its operations.
We will exercise warrants or other rights to purchase stock generally if the value of the stock at the time the rights are exercised exceeds the exercise price. Payment of the exercise price will not be deemed an investment subject to the above described limitations. We may borrow funds to pay the exercise price on warrants or other rights or may pay the exercise price from funds held for working capital and then repay the loan or replenish the working capital upon the sale of the securities or interests purchased. We will not consider paying distributions out of the proceeds of the sale of these interests until any funds borrowed to purchase the interest have been fully repaid.
We will not invest in real estate contracts of sale unless the contracts are in recordable form and are appropriately recorded in the applicable chain of title.
Cash resources will be invested in permitted temporary investments, which include short-term U.S. Government securities, bank certificates of deposit and other short-term liquid investments. To maintain our REIT qualification, we also may invest in securities that qualify as “real estate assets” and produce qualifying income under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Any investments in other REITs in which the advisor or any director is an affiliate must be approved as being fair and reasonable by a majority of the directors (which must include a majority of the independent directors) who are not otherwise interested in the transaction.
If at any time the character of our investments would cause us to be deemed an “investment company” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, (the “Investment Company Act”), we will take the necessary action to ensure that we are not deemed to be an investment company. The advisor will continually review our investment activity, including monitoring the proportion of our portfolio that is placed in various investments, to attempt to ensure that we do not come within the application of the Investment Company Act.
Our reserves, if any, will be invested in permitted temporary investments. The advisor will evaluate the relative risks and rate of return, our cash needs and other appropriate considerations when making short-term investments on our behalf. The rate of return of permitted temporary investments may be less than would be obtainable from real estate investments.
(d) Financial Information About Geographic Areas
See Our Portfolio above and Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements for financial information pertaining to our geographic operations.
(e) Available Information
All filings we make with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and our current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, are available for free on our website, http://www.cpa15.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed or furnished to the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to be read or copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our filings can also be obtained for free on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. We are providing our website address solely for the information of investors. We do not intend our website to be an active link or to otherwise incorporate the information contained on our website into this Report or other filings with the SEC.
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We will supply to any shareholder, upon written request and without charge, a copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 as filed with the SEC.
Item 1A.   Risk Factors.
Our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions at the current rate could be materially adversely affected by various risks and uncertainties, including the conditions below. These risk factors may have affected, and in the future could affect, our actual operating and financial results and could cause such results to differ materially from our expectations as expressed in any forward-looking statements. You should not consider this list exhaustive. New risk factors emerge periodically, and we cannot assure you that the factors described below list all risks that may become material to us at any later time.
The recent financial and economic crisis adversely affected our business, and the continued uncertainty in the global economic environment may adversely affect our business in the future.
Although we have seen signs of modest improvement in the global economy following the significant distress in 2008 and 2009, the economic recovery remains weak, and our business is still dependent on the speed and strength of that recovery, which cannot be predicted at the present time. To date, its effects on our business have primarily been that a number of tenants have experienced increased levels of financial distress, with several having filed for bankruptcy protection, although our experience in 2010 reflected an improvement from 2008 and 2009.
Depending on the strength of the recovery, we could in the future experience a number of additional effects on our business, including higher levels of default in the payment of rent by our tenants, additional bankruptcies and impairments in the value of our property investments, as well as difficulties in refinancing existing loans as they come due. Any of these conditions may negatively affect our earnings, as well as our cash flow and, consequently, our ability to sustain the payment of dividends at current levels or to resume our redemption plan.
We are subject to the risks of real estate ownership, which could reduce the value of our properties.
Our performance and asset value are subject, in part, to risks incident to the ownership and operation of real estate, including:
    changes in the general economic climate;
    changes in local conditions such as an oversupply of space or reduction in demand for commercial real estate;
    changes in interest rates and the availability of financing; and
    changes in laws and governmental regulations, including those governing real estate usage, zoning and taxes.
International investments involve additional risks.
We have invested in properties located outside the U.S. At December 31, 2010, our directly owned real estate properties located outside of the U.S. represented 35% of annualized contractual minimum base rent. These investments may be affected by factors particular to the laws of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. These investments may expose us to risks that are different from and in addition to those commonly found in the U.S., including:
    changing governmental rules and policies;
    enactment of laws relating to the foreign ownership of property and laws relating to the ability of foreign entities to remove invested capital or profits earned from activities within the country to the U.S.;
    expropriation;
 
    legal systems under which the ability to enforce contractual rights and remedies may be more limited than would be the case under U.S. law;
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    the difficulty in conforming obligations in other countries and the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, which may be more stringent than U.S. laws, including tax requirements and land use, zoning, and environmental laws, as well as changes in such laws;
    adverse market conditions caused by changes in national or local economic or political conditions;
    changes in relative interest rates;
    changes in the availability, cost and terms of mortgage funds resulting from varying national economic policies;
    restrictions and/or significant costs in repatriating cash and cash equivalents held in foreign bank accounts; and
    changes in real estate and other tax rates and other operating expenses in particular countries.
In addition, the lack of publicly available information in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) could impair our ability to analyze transactions and may cause us to forego an investment opportunity. It may also impair our ability to receive timely and accurate financial information from tenants necessary to meet our reporting obligations to financial institutions or governmental or regulatory agencies. Certain of these risks may be greater in emerging markets and less developed countries. The advisor’s expertise to date is primarily in the U.S. and Europe, and the advisor has little or no expertise in other international markets.
Also, we may rely on third-party asset managers in international jurisdictions to monitor compliance with legal requirements and lending agreements with respect to our properties. Failure to comply with applicable requirements may expose us or our operating subsidiaries to additional liabilities.
Moreover, we are subject to foreign currency risk due to potential fluctuations in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Our primary currency exposure is to the Euro. We attempt to mitigate a portion of the risk of currency fluctuation by financing our properties in the local currency denominations, although there can be no assurance that this will be effective. Because we generally place both our debt obligation to the lender and the tenant’s rental obligation to us in the same currency, our results of foreign operations benefit from a weaker U.S. dollar and are adversely affected by a stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies; that is, a weaker U.S. dollar will tend to increase both our revenues and our expenses, while a stronger U.S. dollar will tend to reduce both our revenues and our expenses.
We may have difficulty selling or re-leasing our properties.
Real estate investments generally lack liquidity compared to other financial assets, and this lack of liquidity will limit our ability to quickly change our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. The triple-net leases we own, enter into, or acquire may be for properties that are specially suited to the particular needs of the tenant. With these properties, if the current lease is terminated or not renewed, we may be required to renovate the property or to make rent concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant. In addition, if we are forced to sell the property, we may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the tenant due to the special purpose for which the property may have been designed. These and other limitations may affect our ability to sell or re-lease properties without adversely affecting returns to our shareholders. See Item 1 —Business — Our Portfolio for scheduled lease expirations.
We have recognized, and may in the future recognize, substantial impairment charges on our properties.
We have incurred, and may in the future incur, substantial impairment charges, which we are required to recognize whenever we sell a property for less than its carrying value or we determine that the property has experienced a decline in its carrying value (or, for direct financing leases, that the unguaranteed residual value of the underlying property has declined). By their nature, the timing and extent of impairment charges are not predictable. Impairment charges reduce our net income, although they do not necessarily affect our cash flow from operations.
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The inability of a tenant in a single tenant property to pay rent will reduce our revenues and increase our expenses.
Most of our properties are occupied by a single tenant, and therefore the success of our investments is materially dependent on the financial stability of these tenants. Revenues from several of our tenants/guarantors constitute a significant percentage of our lease revenues. Our five largest tenants/guarantors represented approximately 37%, 36% and 35% of total lease revenues in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Lease payment defaults by tenants negatively impact our net income and reduce the amounts available for distributions to shareholders. As our tenants generally may not have a recognized credit rating, they may have a higher risk of lease defaults than if our tenants had a recognized credit rating. In addition, the bankruptcy of a tenant could cause the loss of lease payments as well as an increase in the costs incurred to carry the property until it can be re-leased or sold. We have had tenants file for bankruptcy protection. In the event of a default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting the investment and re-leasing the property. If a lease is terminated, there is no assurance that we will be able to re-lease the property for the rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants or borrowers may cause a reduction in revenue.
Bankruptcy or insolvency of a tenant or borrower could cause:
    the loss of lease or interest payments;
    an increase in the costs incurred to carry the property;
    litigation;
    a reduction in the value of our shares; and
    a decrease in distributions to our shareholders.
Under U.S. bankruptcy law, a tenant who is the subject of bankruptcy proceedings has the option of assuming or rejecting any unexpired lease. If the tenant rejects the lease, any resulting claim we have for breach of the lease (excluding collateral securing the claim) will be treated as a general unsecured claim. The maximum claim will be capped at the amount owed for unpaid rent prior to the bankruptcy unrelated to the termination, plus the greater of one year’s lease payments or 15% of the remaining lease payments payable under the lease (but no more than three years’ lease payments). In addition, due to the long-term nature of our leases and, in some cases, terms providing for the repurchase of a property by the tenant, a bankruptcy court could recharacterize a net lease transaction as a secured lending transaction. If that were to occur, we would not be treated as the owner of the property, but we might have rights as a secured creditor. Those rights would not include a right to compel the tenant to timely perform its obligations under the lease but may instead entitle us to “adequate protection,” a bankruptcy concept that applies to protect against a decrease in the value of the property if the value of the property is less than the balance owed to us.
Insolvency laws outside of the U.S. may not be as favorable to reorganization or to the protection of a debtor’s rights as tenants under a lease as are the laws in the U.S. Our rights to terminate a lease for default may be more likely to be enforceable in countries other than the U.S., in which a debtor/tenant or its insolvency representative may be less likely to have rights to force continuation of a lease without our consent. Nonetheless, such laws may permit a tenant or an appointed insolvency representative to terminate a lease if it so chooses.
However, in circumstances where the bankruptcy laws of the U.S. are considered to be more favorable to debtors and to their reorganization, entities that are not ordinarily perceived as U.S. entities may seek to take advantage of the U.S. bankruptcy laws if they are eligible. An entity would be eligible to be a debtor under the U.S. bankruptcy laws if it had a domicile (state of incorporation or registration), place of business or assets in the U.S. If a tenant became a debtor under the U.S. bankruptcy laws, then it would have the option of assuming or rejecting any unexpired lease. As a general matter, after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings and prior to assumption or rejection of an expired lease, U.S. bankruptcy laws provide that until an unexpired lease is assumed or rejected, the tenant (or its trustee if one has been appointed) must timely perform obligations of the tenant under the lease. However, under certain circumstances, the time period for performance of such obligations may be extended by an order of the bankruptcy court.
We and the other CPA® REITs managed by the advisor have had tenants file for bankruptcy protection and are involved in bankruptcy-related litigation (including several international tenants). Four prior CPA® REITs reduced the rate of distributions to their investors as a result of adverse developments involving tenants.
Similarly, if a borrower under one of our loan transactions declares bankruptcy, there may not be sufficient funds to satisfy its payment obligations to us, which may adversely affect our revenue and distributions to our shareholders. The mortgage loans in which we may invest and the mortgage loans underlying the mortgage-backed securities in which we may invest may be subject to delinquency, foreclosure and loss, which could result in losses to us.
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Our distributions may exceed our adjusted cash flow from operating activities and our earnings in accordance with GAAP.
Over the life of our company, the regular quarterly cash distributions we pay are expected to be principally sourced by adjusted cash flow from operating activities. Adjusted cash flow from operating activities represents GAAP cash flow from operating activities, adjusted primarily to reflect timing differences between the period an expense is incurred and paid, to add cash distributions we receive from equity investments in real estate in excess of equity income and to subtract cash distributions we pay to our noncontrolling partners in real estate ventures that we consolidate. However, there can be no assurance that our adjusted cash flow from operating activities will be sufficient to cover our future distributions, and we may use other sources of funds, such as proceeds from borrowings and asset sales, to fund portions of our future distributions.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, portions of the distributions we make may represent return of capital to our shareholders if they exceed our earnings and profits.
We do not fully control the management for our properties.
The tenants or managers of net lease properties are responsible for maintenance and other day-to-day management of the properties. If a property is not adequately maintained in accordance with the terms of the applicable lease, we may incur expenses for deferred maintenance expenditures or other liabilities once the property becomes free of the lease. While our leases generally provide for recourse against the tenant in these instances, a bankrupt or financially troubled tenant may be more likely to defer maintenance and it may be more difficult to enforce remedies against such a tenant. In addition, to the extent tenants are unable to conduct their operation of the property on a financially successful basis, their ability to pay rent may be adversely affected. Although we endeavor to monitor, on an ongoing basis, compliance by tenants with their lease obligations and other factors that could affect the financial performance of our properties, such monitoring may not in all circumstances ascertain or forestall deterioration either in the condition of a property or the financial circumstances of a tenant.
Our leases may permit tenants to purchase a property at a predetermined price, which could limit our realization of any appreciation or result in a loss.
In some circumstances, we grant tenants a right to repurchase the property they lease from us. The purchase price may be a fixed price or it may be based on a formula or the market value at the time of exercise. If a tenant exercises its right to purchase the property and the property’s market value has increased beyond that price, we could be limited in fully realizing the appreciation on that property. Additionally, if the price at which the tenant can purchase the property is less than our purchase price or carrying value (for example, where the purchase price is based on an appraised value), we may incur a loss.
Our success is dependent on the performance of the advisor.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions is largely dependent upon the performance of the advisor in the acquisition of investments, the selection of tenants, the determination of any financing arrangements, and the management of our assets. The advisory agreement has a one year term and may be renewed at our option upon expiration. The past performance of partnerships and CPA® REITs managed by the advisor may not be indicative of the advisor’s performance with respect to us. We cannot guarantee that the advisor will be able to successfully manage and achieve liquidity for our shareholders to the same extent that it has done so for prior programs.
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The advisor may be subject to conflicts of interest.
The advisor manages our business and selects our investments. The advisor has some conflicts of interest in its management of us, which arise primarily from the involvement of the advisor in other activities that may conflict with us and the payment of fees by us to the advisor. Unless the advisor elects to receive our common stock in lieu of cash compensation, we will pay the advisor substantial cash fees for the services it provides, which will reduce the amount of cash available for investment in properties or distribution to our shareholders. Circumstances under which a conflict could arise between us and the advisor include:
    the receipt of compensation by the advisor for property purchases, leases, sales and financing for us, which may cause the advisor to engage in transactions that generate higher fees, rather than transactions that are more appropriate or beneficial for our business;
    agreements between us and the advisor, including agreements regarding compensation, will not be negotiated on an arm’s-length basis as would occur if the agreements were with unaffiliated third parties;
    acquisitions of single properties or portfolios of properties from affiliates, including WPC or the CPA® REITs, subject to our investment policies and procedures, which may take the form of a direct purchase of assets, a merger or another type of transaction;
    competition with certain affiliates for property acquisitions, which may cause the advisor and its affiliates to direct properties suitable for us to other related entities;
    a decision by the advisor (on our behalf) of whether to hold or sell a property could impact the timing and amount of fees payable to the advisor because it receives asset management fees and may decide not to sell a property;
    disposition, incentive and termination fees, which are based on the sale price of properties or the terms of a liquidity transaction, may cause a conflict between the advisor’s desire to sell a property or engage in a liquidity transaction and our interests; and
    whether a particular entity has been formed by the advisor specifically for the purpose of making particular types of investments (in which case it will generally receive preference in the allocation of those types of investments).
We delegate our management functions to the advisor.
We delegate our management functions to the advisor, for which it earns fees pursuant to an advisory agreement. Although at least a majority of our board of directors must be independent, because the advisor earns fees from us and has an ownership interest in us, we have limited independence from the advisor.
The termination or replacement of the advisor could trigger a default or repayment event under our financing arrangements for some of our assets.
Lenders for certain of our assets typically request change of control provisions in the loan documentation that would make the termination or replacement of WPC or its affiliates as the advisor an event of default or an event requiring the immediate repayment of the full outstanding balance of the loan. While we will attempt to negotiate not to include such provisions, lenders may require such provisions. If an event of default or repayment event occurs with respect to any of our assets, our revenues and distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected.
Our NAV is computed by our advisor relying in part upon information that the advisor provides to a third party.
The asset management and performance compensation paid to the advisor are computed by the advisor relying in part upon an annual third-party valuation of our real estate. Any such valuation includes the use of estimates and may be influenced by the information provided to the third party by the advisor. Because our NAV is an estimate, it can change as interest rate and real estate markets fluctuate, and there is no assurance that a shareholder will realize such NAV in connection with any liquidity event.
Valuations that we obtain may include leases in place on the property being appraised, and if the leases terminate, the value of the property may become significantly lower.
The valuations that we obtain on our properties may be based on the values of the properties when the properties are leased. If the leases on the properties terminate, the values of the properties may fall significantly below the appraised value.
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We are not required to meet any diversification standards; therefore, our investments may become subject to concentration of risk.
Subject to our intention to maintain our qualification as a REIT, there are no limitations on the number or value of particular types of investments that we may make. Although we attempt to do so, we are not required to meet any diversification standards, including geographic diversification standards. Therefore, our investments may become concentrated in type or geographic location, which could subject us to significant concentration of risk with potentially adverse effects on our investment objectives.
Our use of debt to finance investments could adversely affect our cash flow and distributions to shareholders.
Most of our investments have been made by borrowing a portion of the purchase price of our investments and securing the loan with a mortgage on the property. We generally borrow on a non-recourse basis to limit our exposure on any property to the amount of equity invested in the property. However, if we are unable to make our debt payments as required, a lender could foreclose on the property or properties securing its debt. Additionally, lenders for our international mortgage loan transactions typically incorporate provisions that can cause a loan default and over which we have limited control, including a loan to value ratio, a debt service coverage ratio and a material adverse change in the borrower’s or tenant’s business, so if real estate values decline or a tenant defaults, the lender would have the right to foreclose on its security. If any of these events were to occur, it could cause us to lose part or all of our investment, which in turn could cause the value of our portfolio, and revenues available for distribution to our shareholders, to be reduced.
A majority of our financing also requires us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. Our ability to make balloon payments on debt will depend upon our ability either to refinance the obligation when due, invest additional equity in the property or to sell the related property. When the balloon payment is due, we may be unable to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or sell the property at a price sufficient to make the balloon payment. Our ability to accomplish these goals will be affected by various factors existing at the relevant time, such as the state of the national and regional economies, local real estate conditions, available mortgage rates, our equity in the mortgaged properties, our financial condition, the operating history of the mortgaged properties and tax laws. A refinancing or sale could affect the rate of return to shareholders and the projected time of disposition of our assets.
Failure to qualify as a REIT would adversely affect our operations and ability to make distributions.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year we lose our REIT qualification. Losing our REIT qualification would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to shareholders because of the additional tax liability, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. We might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of requirements regarding the composition of our assets and the sources of our gross income. Also, we must make distributions to our shareholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding net capital gains. Because we have investments in foreign real property, we are subject to foreign currency gains and losses. Foreign currency gains are qualifying income for purposes of the REIT income requirements, provided that underlying income satisfies the REIT income requirements. To reduce the risk of foreign currency gains adversely affecting our REIT qualification, we may be required to defer the repatriation of cash from foreign jurisdictions or to employ other structures that could affect the timing, character or amount of income we receive from our foreign investments. No assurance can be given that we will be able to manage our foreign currency gains in a manner that enables us to qualify as a REIT or to avoid U.S. federal and other taxes on our income. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may adversely affect our investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments.
The Internal Revenue Service may take the position that specific sale-leaseback transactions we treat as true leases are not true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes but are, instead, financing arrangements or loans. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the qualification requirements applicable to REITs.
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Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for reduced U.S. federal income tax rates because qualifying REITs do not pay U.S. federal income tax on their net income.
The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for dividends payable by domestic corporations to taxable U.S. shareholders is 15%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates, except to the extent that they are attributable to dividends paid by a taxable REIT subsidiary or a C corporation or relate to certain other activities. This is because qualifying REITs receive an entity-level tax benefit from not having to pay U.S. federal income tax on their net income. As a result, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause shareholders who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock. In addition, the relative attractiveness of real estate in general may be adversely affected by the reduced U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to corporate dividends, which could negatively affect the value of our properties.
The ability of our board of directors to change our investment policies or revoke our REIT election without shareholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our shareholders.
Our bylaws require that our independent directors review our investment policies at least annually to determine that the policies we are following are in the best interest of our shareholders. These policies may change over time. The methods of implementing our investment policies may also vary, as new investment techniques are developed. Except as otherwise provided in our bylaws, our investment policies, the methods for their implementation, and our other objectives, policies and procedures may be altered by a majority of the directors (which must include a majority of the independent directors), without the approval of our shareholders. As a result, the nature of your investment could change without your consent. A change in our investment strategy may, among other things, increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and commercial real property market fluctuations, all of which could materially adversely affect our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
In addition, our organizational documents permit our board of directors to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our shareholders, if the board determines that it is not in our best interest to qualify as a REIT. In such a case, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and we would no longer be required to distribute most of our net income to our shareholders, which may have adverse consequences on the total return to our shareholders.
Potential liability for environmental matters could adversely affect our financial condition.
We have invested and in the future may invest in properties historically used for industrial, manufacturing and other commercial purposes. We therefore own and may in the future acquire properties that have known or potential environmental contamination as a result of historical operations. Buildings and structures on the properties we own and purchase also may have known or suspected asbestos-containing building materials. Our properties currently are used for industrial, manufacturing, and other commercial purposes, and some of our tenants may handle hazardous or toxic substances, generate hazardous wastes, or discharge regulated pollutants to the environment. We may invest in properties located in countries that have adopted laws or observe environmental management standards that are less stringent than those generally followed in the U.S., which may pose a greater risk that releases of hazardous or toxic substances have occurred to the environment. Leasing properties to tenants that engage in these activities, and owning properties historically and currently used for industrial, manufacturing, and other commercial purposes, will cause us to be subject to the risk of liabilities under environmental laws. Some of these laws could impose the following on us:
    responsibility and liability for the cost of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances released on or from our property, generally without regard to our knowledge of, or responsibility for, the presence of these contaminants;
    liability for claims by third parties based on damages to natural resources or property, personal injuries, or costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances in, on, or migrating from our property; and
    responsibility for managing asbestos-containing building materials, and third-party claims for exposure to those materials.
Our costs of investigation, remediation or removal of hazardous or toxic substances, or for third-party claims for damages, may be substantial. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances at any of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the property or to borrow using the property as collateral. While we attempt to mitigate identified environmental risks by requiring tenants contractually to acknowledge their responsibility for complying with environmental laws and to assume liability for environmental matters, circumstances may arise in which a tenant fails, or is unable, to fulfill its contractual obligations. In addition, environmental liabilities, or costs or operating limitations imposed on a tenant to comply with environmental laws, could affect its ability to make rental payments to us.
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The returns on our investments in net leased properties may not be as great as returns on equity investments in real properties during strong real estate markets.
As an investor in single tenant, long-term net leased properties, the returns on our investments are based primarily on the terms of the lease. Payments to us under our leases do not rise and fall based upon the market value of the underlying properties. In addition, we generally lease each property to one tenant on a long-term basis, which means that we cannot seek to improve current returns at a particular property through an active, multi-tenant leasing strategy. While we will sell assets from time to time and may recognize gains or losses on the sales based on then-current market values, we generally intend to hold our properties on a long-term basis. We view our leases as fixed income investments through which we seek to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns that will support a steady dividend. The value of our assets will likely not appreciate to the same extent as equity investments in real estate during periods when real estate markets are very strong. Conversely, in weak markets, the existence of a long-term lease may positively affect the value of the property, although it is nonetheless possible that, as a result of property declines generally, we may recognize impairment charges on some properties.
A potential change in U.S. accounting standards regarding operating leases may make the leasing of facilities less attractive to our potential domestic tenants, which could reduce overall demand for our leasing services.
Under current authoritative accounting guidance for leases, a lease is classified by a tenant as a capital lease if the significant risks and rewards of ownership are considered to reside with the tenant. This situation is considered to be met if, among other things, the non-cancellable lease term is more than 75% of the useful life of the asset or if the present value of the minimum lease payments equals 90% or more of the leased property’s fair value. Under capital lease accounting for a tenant, both the leased asset and liability are reflected on their balance sheet. If the lease does not meet any of the criteria for a capital lease, the lease is considered an operating lease by the tenant and the obligation does not appear on the tenant’s balance sheet; rather, the contractual future minimum payment obligations are only disclosed in the footnotes thereto. Thus, entering into an operating lease can appear to enhance a tenant’s balance sheet in comparison to direct ownership. In response to concerns caused by a 2005 SEC study that the current model does not have sufficient transparency, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the International Accounting Standards Board conducted a joint project to re-evaluate lease accounting. In August 2010, the FASB issued a Proposed Accounting Standards Update titled “Leases,” providing its views on accounting for leases by both lessees and lessors. The FASB’s proposed guidance may require significant changes in how leases are accounted for by both lessees and lessors. As of the date of this Report, the FASB has not finalized its views on accounting for leases. Changes to the accounting guidance could affect both our accounting for leases as well as that of our tenants. These changes may affect how the real estate leasing business is conducted both domestically and internationally. For example, if the accounting standards regarding the financial statement classification of operating leases are revised, then companies may be less willing to enter into leases in general or desire to enter into leases with shorter terms because the apparent benefits to their balance sheets could be reduced or eliminated. This in turn could make it more difficult for us to enter leases on terms we find favorable.
Our net tangible book value may be adversely affected if we are required to adopt certain fair value accounting provisions.
In June 2007, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”) issued accounting guidance that addresses when the accounting principles of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide “Investment Companies” must be applied by an entity and whether investment company accounting must be retained by a parent company in consolidation or by an investor in the application of the equity method of accounting. In addition, this guidance includes certain disclosure requirements for parent companies and equity method investors in investment companies that retain investment company accounting in the parent company’s consolidated financial statements or the financial statements of an equity method investor. In February 2008, the effective date of this guidance was indefinitely delayed, and adoption of the guidance was prohibited for any entity that had not previously adopted it. Additionally, in its investment properties project, the FASB is currently considering whether certain entities should measure investment property at fair value. As currently proposed, an entity would need to meet certain criteria related to its business purpose, activities, and capital structure to be within the scope of the guidance. Entities within the scope of the guidance would report all their investment properties at fair value on a recurring basis. We will assess the potential impact the adoption of these standards would have on our financial position and results of operations if we are required to adopt them.
While we maintain an exemption from the Investment Company Act and are therefore not regulated as an investment company, we may be required to adopt fair value accounting provisions. Under these provisions, our investments would be recorded at fair value with changes in value reflected in our earnings, which may result in significant fluctuations in our results of operations and net tangible book value. Net tangible book value per share may be reduced by any declines in the fair value of our investments.
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Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
We do not intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. If we were obligated to register as an investment company, we would have to comply with a variety of substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act that impose, among other things:
    limitations on capital structure;
    restrictions on specified investments;
    prohibitions on certain transactions with affiliates; and
    compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly increase our operating expenses.
In general, we expect to be able to rely on the exemption from registration provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. In order to qualify for this exemption, at least 55% of our portfolio must be comprised of real property and mortgages and other liens on an interest in real estate (collectively, “qualifying assets”) and at least 80% of our portfolio must be comprised of real estate-related assets. Qualifying assets include mortgage loans, mortgage-backed securities that represent the entire ownership in a pool of mortgage loans, and other interests in real estate. In order to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act, we must continue to engage primarily in the business of buying real estate.
To maintain compliance with the Investment Company Act exemption, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional income or loss generating assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy. If we were required to register as an investment company, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business as currently contemplated because the Investment Company Act imposes significant limitations on leverage. In addition, we would have to seek to restructure the advisory agreement because the compensation that it contemplates would not comply with the Investment Company Act. Criminal and civil actions could also be brought against us if we failed to comply with the Investment Company Act. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court were to require enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
There is not, and may never be, an active public trading market for our shares, so it will be difficult for shareholders to sell shares quickly.
There is no active public trading market for our shares. Our articles of incorporation also prohibit the ownership of more than 9.8% of our stock by one person or affiliated group, unless exempted by our board of directors, which may inhibit large investors from desiring to purchase your shares and may also discourage a takeover. Moreover, our redemption plan has been suspended. Even if our redemption plan is reactivated, it will continue to include numerous restrictions that limit your ability to sell your shares to us, and our board of directors will continue to have the authority to further amend, suspend or terminate the plan. Therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares promptly or at all. In addition, the price received for any shares sold prior to a liquidity event is likely to be less than the proportionate value of the real estate we own. Investor suitability standards imposed by certain states may also make it more difficult to sell your shares to someone in those states.
Maryland law could restrict change in control.
Provisions of Maryland law applicable to us prohibit business combinations with:
    any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of outstanding shares, referred to as an interested shareholder;
 
    an affiliate who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding shares, also referred to as an interested shareholder; or
    an affiliate of an interested shareholder.
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These prohibitions last for five years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder became an interested shareholder. Thereafter, any business combination must be recommended by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our outstanding shares and two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our shares other than shares held by the interested shareholder or by an affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder. These requirements could have the effect of inhibiting a change in control even if a change in control was in our shareholders’ interest. These provisions of Maryland law do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by our board of directors prior to the time that someone becomes an interested shareholder. In addition, a person is not an interested shareholder if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested shareholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
Our articles of incorporation restrict beneficial ownership of more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares by one person or affiliated group in order to assist us in meeting the REIT qualification rules. These requirements could have the effect of inhibiting a change in control even if a change in control were in our shareholders’ interest.
Shareholders’ equity may be diluted.
Our shareholders do not have preemptive rights to any shares of common stock issued by us in the future. Therefore, if we (i) sell shares of common stock in the future, including those issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, (ii) sell securities that are convertible into our common stock, (iii) issue common stock in a private placement to institutional investors, or (iv) issue shares of common stock to our directors or to the advisor for payment of fees in lieu of cash, then shareholders will experience dilution of their percentage ownership in us. Depending on the terms of such transactions, most notably the offer price per share and the value of our properties and our other investments, existing shareholders might also experience a dilution in the book value per share of their investment in us.
Item 1B.   Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2.   Properties.
Our principal corporate offices are located at 50 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, NY 10020. The advisor also has its primary international investment offices located in London and Amsterdam. The advisor also has office space domestically in Dallas, Texas and internationally in Shanghai. The advisor leases all of these offices and believes these leases are suitable for our operations for the foreseeable future.
See Item 1, Business — Our Portfolio for a discussion of the properties we hold for rental operations and Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplemental Data — Schedule III — Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation for a detailed listing of such properties.
Item 3.   Legal Proceedings.
Various claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business are pending against us. The results of these proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Item 4.   Removed and Reserved.
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PART II
Item 5.   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Unlisted Shares and Distributions
There is no active public trading market for our shares. At March 18, 2011, there were 38,166 holders of record of our shares.
We are required to distribute annually at least 90% of our distributable REIT net taxable income to maintain our status as a REIT. Quarterly distributions declared by us for the past two years are as follows:
                 
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009  
First quarter
  $ 0.1807     $ 0.1748  
Second quarter
    0.1810       0.1798  
Third quarter
    0.1813       0.1801  
Fourth quarter
    0.1816       0.1804  
 
           
 
  $ 0.7246     $ 0.7151  
 
           
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
For the three months ended December 31, 2010, we issued 258,361 restricted shares of common stock to the advisor as consideration for performance fees. These shares were issued at $10.70 per share, which was our most recently published NAV per share as approved by our board of directors at the date of issuance. Since none of these transactions were considered to have involved a “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, the shares issued were deemed to be exempt from registration. In acquiring our shares, the advisor represented that such interests were being acquired by it for the purposes of investment and not with a view to the distribution thereof.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
                                 
                            Maximum number (or  
                    Total number of shares     approximate dollar value)  
                    purchased as part of     of shares that may yet be  
    Total number of     Average price     publicly announced     purchased under the  
2010 Period   shares purchased (a)     paid per share     plans or programs (a)     plans or programs (a)  
October
                    N/A       N/A  
November
                    N/A       N/A  
December
    78,926     $ 9.95       N/A       N/A  
 
                             
Total
    78,926                          
 
                             
 
     
(a)   Represents shares of our common stock purchased pursuant to our redemption plan. The amount of shares purchasable in any period depends on the availability of funds generated by our dividend reinvestment and share repurchase plan (“DRIP”) and other factors at the discretion of our board of directors. In June 2009, our board of directors approved the suspension of our redemption plan, effective for all redemption requests received subsequent to June 1, 2009, subject to limited exceptions in cases of death or qualifying disability. The suspension continues as of the date of this Report and will remain in effect until our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to reinstate the redemption plan. We cannot give any assurances as to the timing of any further actions by the board with regard to the plan. The redemption plan will terminate if and when our shares are listed on a national securities market.
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Item 6.   Selected Financial Data.
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 8 (in thousands, except per share data):
                                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008     2007     2006  
Operating Data (a)
                                       
Total revenues
  $ 266,585     $ 281,136     $ 288,607     $ 277,000     $ 266,028  
Income from continuing operations
    82,322       23,571       85,914       93,264       53,664  
 
                                       
Net income (b)
    100,256       29,900       51,194       124,124       97,446  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (40,479 )     (30,148 )     (22,500 )     (36,934 )     (30,811 )
 
                             
Net income (loss) attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    59,777       (248 )     28,694       87,190       66,635  
 
                             
 
                                       
Earnings (loss) per share:
                                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    0.43       (0.01 )     0.41       0.52       0.42  
Net income (loss) attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    0.47             0.22       0.68       0.52  
 
                                       
Cash distributions declared per share (c)
    0.7246       0.7151       0.6902       0.6691       0.6516  
 
                                       
Balance Sheet Data
                                       
Total assets
  $ 2,694,055     $ 2,959,088     $ 3,189,205     $ 3,464,637     $ 3,336,296  
Net investments in real estate (d)
    2,297,754       2,540,012       2,715,417       2,882,357       2,737,939  
Long-term obligations (e)
    1,498,296       1,686,154       1,819,443       1,943,724       1,873,841  
 
                                       
Other Information
                                       
Cash flow from operating activities
  $ 166,940     $ 160,033     $ 180,789     $ 162,985     $ 144,818  
Distributions paid
    91,743       88,939       98,153       85,327       82,850  
Payment of mortgage principal (f)
    79,905       92,765       42,662       54,903       30,339  
 
     
(a)   Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified from continuing operations to discontinued operations.
 
(b)   Net income in 2010, 2009 and 2008 reflected impairment charges totaling $25.3 million, $66.6 million and $42.1 million, respectively, of which $1.5 million, $4.4 million and $7.6 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests, respectively.
 
(c)   Cash distributions declared per share for 2007 excluded a special cash distribution of $0.08 per share that was paid in January 2008 to shareholders of record at December 31, 2007.
 
(d)   Net investments in real estate consists of net investments in properties, net investment in direct financing leases, equity investments in real estate, real estate under construction and assets held for sale, as applicable.
 
(e)   Represents mortgage obligations and deferred acquisition fee installments.
 
(f)   Represents scheduled mortgage principal payments.
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Item 7.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide the reader with information that will assist in understanding our financial statements and the reasons for changes in certain key components of our financial statements from period to period. MD&A also provides the reader with our perspective on our financial position and liquidity, as well as certain other factors that may affect our future results.
Business Overview
As described in more detail in Item 1 of this Report, we are a publicly owned, non-listed REIT that invests in commercial properties leased to companies domestically and internationally. As a REIT, we are not subject to U.S. federal income taxation as long as we satisfy certain requirements, principally relating to the nature of our income, the level of our distributions and other factors. We earn revenue principally by leasing the properties we own to single corporate tenants, primarily on a triple-net lease basis, which requires the tenant to pay substantially all of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the property. Revenue is subject to fluctuation because of the timing of new lease transactions, lease terminations, lease expirations, contractual rent adjustments, tenant defaults and sales of properties. We were formed in 2001 and are managed by the advisor.
Financial Highlights
(In thousands)
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Total revenues
  $ 266,585     $ 281,136     $ 288,607  
Net income (loss) attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    59,777       (248 )     28,694  
Cash flow from operating activities
    166,940       160,033       180,789  
 
                       
Distributions paid
    91,743       88,939       98,153  
 
                       
Supplemental financial measures:
                       
Funds from operations — as adjusted (AFFO)
  $ 108,029     $ 109,144     $ 130,292  
Adjusted cash flow from operating activities
    136,110       136,189       127,228  
We consider the performance metrics listed above, including certain supplemental metrics that are not defined by GAAP (“non-GAAP”) metrics such as Funds from operations — as adjusted, or AFFO, and Adjusted cash flow from operating activities, to be important measures in the evaluation of our results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. We evaluate our results of operations with a primary focus on the ability to generate cash flow necessary to meet our objectives of funding distributions to shareholders. Please see Supplemental Financial Measures below for our definition of these measures and reconciliations to their most directly comparable GAAP measure.
Total revenues decreased in 2010 as compared to 2009, primarily due to the effects of property sales, lease restructuring transactions, lease rejections, and lease expirations, as well as fluctuations in currency exchange rates, partially offset by scheduled rent increases at certain properties.
We recognized net income attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders for 2010, compared to net loss for 2009 primarily due to lower impairment charges recognized during the current year and higher gains recognized on sale of properties and deconsolidation of a subsidiary in 2010. Results of operations during 2010 reflected impairment charges of $25.3 million, as compared to $66.6 million in 2009.
Cash flow from operating activities increased in 2010 as compared to 2009, primarily due to an increase in net income and the timing of payments of our working capital.
Our quarterly cash distribution increased to $0.1816 per share for the fourth quarter of 2010, or $0.73 per share on an annualized basis.
For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, our AFFO supplemental measure decreased slightly, primarily due to adjustments related to gains recognized on sales of properties and the deconsolidation of a subsidiary, substantially offset by an increase in net income. For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, our adjusted cash flow from operating activities supplemental measure decreased, primarily reflecting the decreases in changes in working capital.
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Current Trends
General Economic Environment
We are impacted by macro-economic environmental factors, the capital markets and general conditions in the commercial real estate market, both in the U.S. and globally. As of the date of this Report, we have seen signs of modest improvement in the global economy following the significant distress experienced in 2008 and 2009. While these factors reflect favorably on our business, the economic recovery remains weak, and our business remains dependent on the speed and strength of the recovery, which cannot be predicted at this time. Nevertheless, as of the date of this Report, the impact of current financial and economic trends on our business, and our response to those trends, is presented below.
Foreign Exchange Rates
We have foreign investments and, as a result, are subject to risk from the effects of exchange rate movements. Our results of foreign operations benefit from a weaker U.S. dollar and are adversely affected by a stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies. During 2010, the Euro weakened primarily as a result of sovereign debt issues in several European countries. Investments denominated in the Euro accounted for approximately 35% of our annualized contractual minimum base rent for 2010. During 2010, the U.S. dollar strengthened against the Euro, as the average conversion rate for the U.S. dollar in relation to the Euro decreased by 5% in comparison to 2009. Additionally, the end-of-period conversion rate of the Euro at December 31, 2010 decreased by 8% to $1.3253 from $1.4333 at December 31, 2009. This strengthening had a negative impact on our balance sheet at December 31, 2010 as compared to our balance sheet at December 31, 2009. While we actively manage our foreign exchange risk, a significant unhedged decline in the value of the Euro could have a material negative impact on our net asset values, future results, financial position and cash flows.
Capital Markets
We have recently seen evidence of a gradual improvement in capital market conditions, including new issuances of commercial mortgage-backed securities debt. Capital inflows to both commercial real estate debt and equity markets have helped increase the availability of mortgage financing and asset prices have begun to recover from their credit crisis lows. Over the past few quarters, there has been continued improvement in the availability of financing; however, lenders remain cautious and continue to employ more conservative underwriting standards. We have seen commercial real estate capitalization rates begin to narrow from credit crisis highs, especially for higher-quality assets or assets leased to tenants with strong credit.
Financing Conditions
We have recently seen a gradual improvement in both the credit and real estate financing markets. During 2010, we saw an increase in the number of lenders for both domestic and international investments as market conditions improved compared to prior years. However, during the fourth quarter of 2010, the cost of debt rose, but we anticipate that this may be recoverable either through deal pricing or if lenders adjust their spreads, which had been unusually high during the crisis. The increase was primarily a result of a rise in the 10-year treasury rates for domestic deals and due to the impact of the sovereign debt issues in Europe.
Real Estate Sector
As noted above, the commercial real estate market is impacted by a variety of macro-economic factors, including but not limited to growth in gross domestic product, unemployment, interest rates, inflation, and demographics. Since the beginning of the credit crisis, these macro-economic factors have persisted, negatively impacting commercial real estate market fundamentals, which has resulted in higher vacancies, lower rental rates, and lower demand for vacant space. While more recently there have been some indications of stabilization in asset values and slight improvements in occupancy rates, general uncertainty surrounding commercial real estate fundamentals and property valuations continues. We are chiefly affected by changes in the appraised values of our properties, tenant defaults, inflation, lease expirations and occupancy rates.
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Net Asset Value
The advisor generally calculates our NAV per share on an annual basis. To make this calculation, the advisor relies in part on an estimate of the fair market value of our real estate provided by a third party, adjusted to give effect to the estimated fair value of mortgages encumbering our assets (also provided by a third party) as well as other adjustments. There are a number of variables that comprise this calculation, including individual tenant credits, lease terms, lending credit spreads, foreign currency exchange rates, and tenant defaults, among others. We do not control these variables and, as such, cannot predict how they will change in the future.
As a result of continued weakness in the economy and a strengthening of the dollar versus the Euro during 2010 and 2009, our NAV per share at December 31, 2010 decreased to $10.40, a 3% decline from our December 31, 2009 NAV per share of $10.70.
Tenant Defaults
As a net lease investor, we are exposed to credit risk within our tenant portfolio, which can reduce our results of operations and cash flow from operations if our tenants are unable to pay their rent. Tenants experiencing financial difficulties may become delinquent on their rent and/or default on their leases and, if they file for bankruptcy protection, may reject our lease in bankruptcy court, resulting in reduced cash flow, which may negatively impact net asset values and require us to incur impairment charges. Even where a default has not occurred and a tenant is continuing to make the required lease payments, we may restructure or renew leases on less favorable terms, or the tenant’s credit profile may deteriorate, which could affect the value of the leased asset and could in turn require us to incur impairment charges.
As of the date of this Report, we have no significant exposure to tenants operating under bankruptcy protection. Our experience for 2010 reflects an improvement from the unusually high level of tenant defaults during 2008 and 2009, when companies across many industries experienced financial distress due to the economic downturn and the seizure in the credit markets. We have observed that many of our tenants have benefited from continued improvements in general business conditions, which we anticipate will result in reduced tenant defaults going forward; however, it is possible that additional tenants may file for bankruptcy or default on their leases during 2011 and that economic conditions may again deteriorate.
To mitigate these risks, we have historically looked to invest in assets that we believe are critically important to a tenant’s operations and have attempted to diversify our portfolio by tenant, tenant industry and geography. We also monitor tenant performance through review of rent delinquencies as a precursor to a potential default, meetings with tenant management and review of tenants’ financial statements and compliance with any financial covenants. When necessary, our asset management process includes restructuring transactions to meet the evolving needs of tenants, re-leasing properties, refinancing debt and selling properties, as well as protecting our rights when tenants default or enter into bankruptcy.
Inflation
Our leases generally have rent adjustments that are either fixed or based on formulas indexed to changes in the CPI or other similar index for the jurisdiction in which the property is located. Because these rent adjustments may be calculated based on changes in the CPI over a multi-year period, changes in inflation rates can have a delayed impact on our results of operations. Rent adjustments during 2009 and, to a lesser extent, 2010 generally benefited from increases in inflation rates during the years prior to the scheduled rent adjustment date. However, despite recent signs of inflationary pressure, we continue to expect that rent increases will be significantly lower in coming years as a result of the current historically low inflation rates in the U.S. and the Euro zone.
Lease Expirations and Occupancy
At December 31, 2010, we had no significant leases scheduled to expire or renew in the next twelve months. The advisor actively manages our real estate portfolio and begins discussing options with tenants in advance of the scheduled lease expiration. In certain cases, we obtain lease renewals from our tenants; however, tenants may elect to move out at the end of their term, or may elect to exercise purchase options, if any, in their leases. In cases where tenants elect not to renew, we may seek replacement tenants or try to sell the property. Our occupancy declined slightly from 98% at December 31, 2009 to 97% at December 31, 2010.
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Proposed Accounting Changes
The International Accounting Standards Board and FASB have issued an Exposure Draft on a joint proposal that would dramatically transform lease accounting from the existing model. These changes would impact most companies but are particularly applicable to those that are significant users of real estate. The proposal outlines a completely new model for accounting by lessees, whereby their rights and obligations under all leases, existing and new, would be capitalized and recorded on the balance sheet. For some companies, the new accounting guidance may influence whether or not, or the extent to which, they may enter into the type of sale-leaseback transactions in which we specialize. At this time, the proposed guidance has not been finalized and as such we are unable to determine whether this proposal will have a material impact on our business.
The Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) of the FASB discussed the accounting treatment for deconsolidating subsidiaries in situations other than a sale or transfer at its September 2010 meeting. While the EITF did not reach a consensus for exposure, the EITF determined that further research was necessary to more fully understand the scope and implications of the matter, prior to issuing a consensus for exposure. If the EITF reaches a consensus for exposure, we will evaluate the impact of such conclusion on our financial statements. During 2010, we deconsolidated a subsidiary that leased property to Advanced Micro Devices which had total assets and liabilities of $83.0 million and $42.8 million, respectively, and recognized a gain in the amount of $11.5 million.
How We Evaluate Results of Operations
We evaluate our results of operations with a primary focus on our ability to generate cash flow necessary to meet our objectives of funding distributions to shareholders and increasing our equity in our real estate. As a result, our assessment of operating results gives less emphasis to the effect of unrealized gains and losses, which may cause fluctuations in net income for comparable periods but have no impact on cash flows, and to other non-cash charges, such as depreciation and impairment charges.
We consider cash flows from operating activities, cash flows from investing activities, cash flows from financing activities and certain non-GAAP performance metrics to be important measures in the evaluation of our results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. Cash flows from operating activities are sourced primarily from long-term lease contracts. These leases are generally triple net and mitigate, to an extent, our exposure to certain property operating expenses. Our evaluation of the amount and expected fluctuation of cash flows from operating activities is essential in evaluating our ability to fund operating expenses, service debt and fund distributions to shareholders.
We consider cash flows from operating activities plus cash distributions from equity investments in real estate in excess of equity income, less cash distributions paid to consolidated joint venture partners, as a supplemental measure of liquidity in evaluating our ability to sustain distributions to shareholders. We consider this measure useful as a supplemental measure to the extent the source of distributions in excess of equity income in real estate is the result of non-cash charges, such as depreciation and amortization, because it allows us to evaluate the cash flows from consolidated and unconsolidated investments in a comparable manner. In deriving this measure, we exclude cash distributions from equity investments in real estate that are sourced from the sales of the equity investee’s assets or refinancing of debt because we deem them to be returns of investment and not returns on investment.
We focus on measures of cash flows from investing activities and cash flows from financing activities in our evaluation of our capital resources. Investing activities typically consist of the acquisition or disposition of investments in real property and the funding of capital expenditures with respect to real properties. Financing activities primarily consist of the payment of distributions to shareholders, obtaining non-recourse mortgage financing, generally in connection with the acquisition or refinancing of properties, and making mortgage principal payments. Our financing strategy has been to purchase substantially all of our properties with a combination of equity and non-recourse mortgage debt. A lender on a non-recourse mortgage loan generally has recourse only to the property collateralizing such debt and not to any of our other assets. This strategy has allowed us to diversify our portfolio of properties and, thereby, limit our risk. In the event that a balloon payment comes due, we may seek to refinance the loan, restructure the debt with existing lenders, or evaluate our ability to pay the balloon payment from our cash reserves or sell the property and use the proceeds to satisfy the mortgage debt.
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Results of Operations
The following table presents the components of our lease revenues (in thousands):
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Rental income
  $ 227,573     $ 235,365     $ 235,236  
Interest income from direct financing leases
    32,162       38,822       45,610  
 
                 
 
  $ 259,735     $ 274,187     $ 280,846  
 
                 
The following table sets forth the net lease revenues (i.e., rental income and interest income from direct financing leases) that we earned from lease obligations through our direct ownership of real estate (in thousands):
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
U-Haul Moving Partners, Inc. and Mercury Partners, LP (a) (b)
  $ 32,486     $ 30,589     $ 28,541  
Carrefour France, S.A. (a) (c)
    19,619       21,481       21,386  
OBI A.G. (a) (c)
    16,006       16,637       17,317  
Hellweg Die Profi-Baumarkte GmbH & Co. KG (Hellweg 1) (a) (c)
    14,272       14,881       15,155  
True Value Company (a)
    14,213       14,492       14,698  
Life Time Fitness, Inc. (a)
    14,208       14,208       14,208  
Pohjola Non-Life Insurance Company (a) (c)
    8,797       9,240       9,343  
TietoEnator plc. (a) (c)
    8,223       8,636       8,790  
Police Prefecture, French Government (a) (c)
    8,030       8,272       8,109  
Universal Technical Institute (d)
    7,101       8,688       8,727  
Advanced Micro Devices (a) (e)
    6,621       9,932       9,933  
Medica — France, S.A. (a) (c)
    6,447       6,916       7,168  
Foster Wheeler, Inc.
    6,269       6,269       5,900  
Thales S.A. (a) (c)
    4,165       4,375       4,240  
SymphonyIRI Group, Inc. (a) (f)
    4,164       4,972       4,972  
Oriental Trading Company
    3,954       3,909       3,826  
Other (a) (c)
    85,160       90,690       98,533  
 
                 
 
  $ 259,735     $ 274,187     $ 280,846  
 
                 
 
     
(a)   These revenues are generated in consolidated ventures, generally with our affiliates, and on a combined basis include revenues applicable to noncontrolling interests totaling $68.5 million, $72.5 million and $73.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
(b)   The increase in 2010 and 2009 was due to a CPI-based (or equivalent) rent increase.
 
(c)   Amounts are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The average rate for the U.S. dollar in relation to the Euro during both 2010 and 2009 strengthened by approximately 5% in comparison to the respective prior years, resulting in a negative impact on lease revenues for our Euro-denominated investments in 2010 and 2009.
 
(d)   The decrease in 2010 was due to changes in financing lease adjustment resulting from an impairment charge we recognized in 2009 on a direct financing lease to reflect the decline in the estimate of unguaranteed residual value.
 
(e)   In the third quarter of 2010, we deconsolidated Advanced Micro Devices (Note 6).
 
(f)   The decrease in 2010 was due to a lease restructuring in May 2010.
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We recognize income from equity investments in real estate, of which lease revenues are a significant component. The following table sets forth the net lease revenues earned by these ventures. Amounts provided are the total amounts attributable to the ventures and do not represent our proportionate share (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    Ownership        
    Interest at     Years ended December 31,  
Lessee   December 31, 2010     2010     2009     2008  
Hellweg Die Profi-Baumarkte GmbH & Co. KG (Hellweg 2) (a) (b)
    38 %   $ 34,408     $ 35,889     $ 37,218  
Marriott International, Inc. (c)
    47 %     18,296       16,818       17,791  
PETsMART, Inc.
    30 %     8,164       8,303       8,215  
Schuler A.G. (b) (d)
    34 %     6,208       6,568       6,802  
The Talaria Company (Hinckley) (e)
    30 %     5,506       4,133       4,984  
Hologic, Inc.
    64 %     3,528       3,387       3,317  
Del Monte Corporation
    50 %     3,527       3,529       3,241  
Advanced Micro Devices (f)
    33 %     3,311              
The Upper Deck Company (g)
    50 %     3,194       3,194       3,194  
Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH and Wagon Automotive Nagold GmbH (b) (h)
    33 %     2,703       3,662       1,695  
Builders FirstSource, Inc.
    40 %     1,611       1,558       1,544  
SaarOTEC (formerly Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co.) and Goertz & Schiele Corp. (b) (i)
    50 %     727       3,761       3,653  
 
                         
 
          $ 91,183     $ 90,802     $ 91,654  
 
                         
 
     
(a)   In addition to lease revenues, the venture also earned interest income of $24.2 million, $27.1 million and $28.1 million on a note receivable during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
(b)   Amounts are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The average rate for the U.S. dollar in relation to the Euro during both 2010 and 2009 strengthened by approximately 5% in comparison to the respective prior years, resulting in a negative impact on lease revenues for our Euro-denominated investments in 2010 and 2009.
 
(c)   The increase in 2010 was due to an out-of-period adjustment we made in the fourth quarter of 2010 (Note 2). The decrease in 2009 was due to a decline in percentage of sales rent.
 
(d)   We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $1.5 million related to this venture during 2010 (Note 11).
 
(e)   During 2009, this venture entered into a lease amendment with the tenant to defer certain rental payments until April 2010 as a result of the tenant’s financial difficulties. During 2010, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0.6 million related to this venture (Note 11).
 
(f)   In connection with a debt refinancing in August 2010, the structure of this venture was modified and is subsequently being accounted for as a tenancy-in-common. Therefore, during the third quarter of 2010, we recorded an adjustment to deconsolidate this venture and account for it under the equity method of accounting (Note 6).
 
(g)   We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $4.8 million related to this venture during 2010 (Note 11).
 
(h)   Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH is operating under bankruptcy protection as of the date of this Report and had been paying rent to us at a significantly reduced rate. Subsequently, in April 2010, Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH executed a temporary lease under which monthly rent is unchanged.
 
(i)   Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. filed for bankruptcy in November 2008 and Goertz & Schiele Corp. filed for bankruptcy in September 2009. In January 2010, Goertz & Schiele Corp. terminated its lease in its bankruptcy proceedings, at which time the venture ceased accruing rental income, and in March 2010, SaarOTEC, a successor tenant to Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co., signed a new lease with the venture at a significantly reduced rent. We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0.2 million related to the SaarOTEC venture during 2010 (Note 11).
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Lease Revenues
Our net leases generally have rent adjustments based on formulas indexed to changes in the CPI or other similar index for the jurisdiction in which the property is located, sales overrides or other periodic increases, which are intended to increase lease revenues in the future. We own international investments and, therefore, lease revenues from these investments are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, lease revenues decreased by $14.5 million, primarily due to the effects of property sales, lease restructuring transactions, lease rejections, and lease expirations, which reduced lease revenues by $9.0 million. Lease revenues were also negatively impacted by fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates, which resulted in a decrease of $4.6 million. Additionally, lease revenues decreased by $3.7 million as a result of the deconsolidation of a subsidiary and $3.1 million as a result of changes in estimates of the unguaranteed residual value of certain properties carried as net investment in direct financing leases. These decreases were partially offset by the impact of scheduled rent increases at several properties totaling $5.2 million.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, lease revenues decreased by $6.7 million. The decline in lease revenues was primarily due to the effects of property sales and lease restructuring transactions, which reduced lease revenues by $7.2 million, as well as the negative impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which reduced lease revenues by $6.1 million. Additionally, lease revenues decreased by $0.5 million as a result of changes in estimates of the unguaranteed residual value of certain properties carried as net investment in direct financing leases. These decreases were partially offset by scheduled rent increases at several properties totaling $8.1 million.
Depreciation and Amortization
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $2.0 million, primarily due to the negative impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which resulted in a decrease in depreciation and amortization of $2.5 million. In addition, depreciation and amortization decreased by $0.4 million as a result of the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in amortization of $1.0 million as a result of the restructuring of several leases, which shortened the terms of the leases and the lives of the related intangible assets.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $1.5 million. As a result of lease terminations related to properties where the tenants filed for bankruptcy, we incurred a charge to write off several intangible assets in 2008, resulting in lower amortization in 2009. The net impact of this activity was a reduction in amortization of $2.3 million in 2009. Depreciation and amortization expense also decreased in 2009 by $1.2 million as a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. These decreases were partially offset by our recognition of an out-of-period adjustment in 2009 related to intangible amortization of $1.3 million as described in Note 2, and an increase in depreciation of $0.4 million as a result of reclassifying certain properties from financing leases to real estate due to lease terminations.
Property Expenses
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, property expenses decreased by $1.7 million, primarily as a result of a $1.5 million decrease in uncollected rent expense due to fewer tenants experiencing financial difficulties in the current year. In addition, asset management and performance fees payable to the advisor decreased by $1.1 million as a result of a decline in the appraised value of our real estate assets in 2009 as compared to 2008, and property sales. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in real estate taxes and utilities of $0.7 million as a result of two tenants vacating the properties in 2010.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, property expenses decreased by $2.9 million, primarily due to a decrease of $3.1 million in asset management and performance fees resulting from a decline in the appraised value of our real estate assets in 2008 as compared to 2007. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $0.9 million in costs related to current and former tenants who have filed for bankruptcy.
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Impairment Charges
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recorded impairment charges included in operating expenses for our continuing real estate operations totaling $17.9 million, $48.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The table below summarizes these impairment charges recorded in operating expenses for the past three fiscal years for both continuing and discontinued operations (in thousands):
                             
Lessee   2010     2009     2008     Triggering Events
Shires Limited
  $     $ 19,610     $ 710     Tenant filed for bankruptcy and vacated
Lindenmaier A.G.
          12,340       30     Tenant filed for bankruptcy
Advanced Accessory Systems, LLC
          8,426           Tenant vacated
Thales S.A.
    4,144       779           Decline in property’s estimated fair value
The Kroger Co.
          1,473           Property sold
Various leases
    13,708       5,918       590     Decline in properties’ unguaranteed residual values
 
                     
Impairment charges included in operating expenses from continuing operations
  $ 17,852     $ 48,546     $ 1,330      
 
                     
 
                           
Thales S.A.
  $     $     $ 35,392     Properties sold
Innovate Holdings Limited
          7,299           Tenant filed for bankruptcy and property foreclosed
Warehouse Associates, L. P.
                4,019     Property sold
Garden Ridge Corporation
          500           Property sold
Childtime Childcare, Inc.
    324                 Property contracted for sale
 
                     
Impairment charges from discontinued operations
  $ 324     $ 7,799     $ 39,411      
 
                     
See Income from Equity Investments in Real Estate below for additional impairment charges incurred during 2010, 2009 and 2008.
Income from Equity Investments in Real Estate
Income from equity investments in real estate represents our proportionate share of net income (revenue less expenses) from investments entered into with affiliates or third parties in which we have a noncontrolling interest but over which we exercise significant influence. Under current accounting guidance for investments in unconsolidated ventures, we are required to periodically compare an investment’s carrying value to its estimated fair value and recognize an impairment charge to the extent that carrying value exceeds fair value.
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, income from equity investments in real estate increased by $3.8 million, primarily due to a $3.1 million decrease in other-than-temporary impairment charges recognized on several ventures, as well as distributions received from a joint venture totaling $1.6 million during 2010. In addition, income recognized from the Marriott venture increased by $0.7 million primarily due to an out-of-period adjustment the venture recorded in the fourth quarter of 2010 (Note 2). These increases were partially offset by a $1.6 million reduction in income recognized from the Talaria (Hinckley) venture primarily due to our portion of the impairment charge recognized on the venture property.
During 2010, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges totaling $7.2 million as compared to $10.3 million recognized in 2009. Impairment charges recognized in 2010 were comprised of $4.9 million on the Upper Deck venture, $1.5 million on the Schuler venture, $0.6 million on the Talaria (Hinckley) venture and $0.2 million on the SaarOTEC (formerly Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co.) venture to reflect the decline in the estimated fair value of these ventures’ underlying net assets in comparison with the carrying value of our interests in these ventures. Included in the 2009 impairment changes were $5.8 million recognized on two ventures that lease properties to Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. and Goertz & Schiele Corp., $3.8 million related to a German venture that leases properties to Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH (the successor entity to Wagon Automotive GmbH) and Wagon Automotive Nagold GmbH and $0.7 million recognized on the Upper Deck venture.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, income from equity investments in real estate decreased by $8.5 million, primarily due to the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment charges totaling $10.3 million to reduce the carrying value of several investments to the estimated fair value of our share of the ventures’ net assets as described above.
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Other Interest Income
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, other interest income decreased by $0.5 million, primarily due to a decrease in interest earned on security deposits.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, other interest income decreased by $3.1 million, primarily due to lower average cash balances and lower rates of return earned on our cash balances reflecting market conditions.
Other Income and (Expenses)
Other income and (expenses) generally consists of gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and derivative instruments. We and certain of our foreign consolidated subsidiaries have intercompany debt and/or advances that are not denominated in the entity’s functional currency. When the intercompany debt or accrued interest thereon is remeasured against the functional currency of the entity, a gain or loss may result. For intercompany transactions that are of a long-term investment nature, the gain or loss is recognized as a cumulative translation adjustment in other comprehensive income (loss). We also recognize gains or losses on foreign currency transactions when we repatriate cash from our foreign investments. In addition, we have certain derivative instruments, including common stock warrants, for which realized and unrealized gains and losses are included in earnings. The timing and amount of such gains and losses cannot always be estimated and are subject to fluctuation.
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010, we recognized net other expenses of $0.2 million compared to net other income of $1.3 million in 2009, primarily due to the net realized and unrealized losses and gains on foreign currency transactions as a result of changes in the exchange rate of the Euro.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, net other income decreased by $2.1 million. Net other income was higher in 2008 as a result of our recognition of a realized gain of $1.1 million related to the termination of a derivative instrument. In addition, net gains on foreign currency transactions declined by $0.8 million during 2009 due to lower levels of repatriation of cash from foreign investments.
Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Direct Financing Leases
2010 — In December 2010, we sold our net investment in three direct financing leases for a total price of $35.2 million, net of selling costs, and recognized a net gain on the sales of $15.6 million. In July 2010, we repaid the non-recourse mortgage loans encumbering two of these properties, which had an outstanding balance of $9.4 million. The remaining property was encumbered by non-recourse mortgage debt of $4.0 million, which was paid off at closing. All amounts are inclusive of affiliates’ noncontrolling interests in the properties.
2009 — During 2009, we recognized a loss of $2.1 million in connection with the sale of one of the properties formerly leased to Shires Limited in September 2009, which was partially offset by a gain on disposition of real estate of $1.1 million that we recognized upon returning the remaining properties over to the lender in October 2009 in exchange for the lenders’ agreement to relieve of us of all obligations under the related non-recourse mortgage loan. The resulting net loss of $1.0 million on disposition of real estate was offset by a gain of $1.0 million on extinguishment of debt recognized in connection with our release from the mortgage obligations.
Gain on Deconsolidation of a Subsidiary
In August 2010, a venture that leased a property to Advanced Micro Devices modified its structure in connection with a refinancing and is subsequently being accounted for as a tenancy-in-common. Therefore, during the third quarter of 2010, we recorded an adjustment to deconsolidate this venture and record it under the equity method of accounting. We recognized a gain of $11.5 million in connection with this deconsolidation.
Advisor Settlement
During 2008, we recognized income of $9.1 million in connection with the advisor’s SEC Settlement (Note 13). We received payment of this amount from the advisor in April 2008.
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Interest Expense
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, interest expense decreased by $8.5 million, primarily due to a decrease of $5.6 million as a result of making scheduled mortgage principal payments, refinancing or paying off non-recourse mortgages during 2010 and 2009, which reduced the balances on which interest was incurred. Interest expense also decreased by $1.8 million as a result of the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. In addition, interest expense decreased in 2010 as a result of our recognition of a $1.1 million charge during the second quarter of 2009 to write off a portion of an interest rate swap derivative which had become ineffective.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, interest expense decreased by $7.9 million, primarily comprised of a decrease of $7.2 million due to making scheduled mortgage principal payments, refinancing or paying off non-recourse mortgages during 2009 and 2008 and a decrease of $2.6 million as a result of the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. These decreases were partially offset by our recognition of a $1.1 million charge during 2009 to write off a portion of an interest rate swap derivative as described above.
Provision for Income Taxes
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, provision for income taxes decreased by $0.7 million, primarily due to lower rent recognized on a French investment as a result of a lease restructuring in July 2009.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, provision for income taxes decreased by $1.9 million. Rent reductions at certain French investments and the sale of four properties in France contributed to this decline.
Discontinued Operations
2010 — For the year ended December 31, 2010, we recognized income from discontinued operations of $17.9 million, primarily due to a net gain of $17.4 million recognized in connection with selling two domestic properties in 2010.
2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2009, we recognized income from discontinued operations of $6.3 million, primarily due to a net gain on sale of properties of $12.4 million. In addition, we recognized income from the operations of discontinued properties of $3.2 million. These gains were partially offset by impairment charges of $7.8 million recognized during 2009 in order to reduce the carrying value of the properties to their estimated fair value.
2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2008, we recognized a loss from the operations of discontinued properties of $34.7 million, primarily due to the recognition of impairment charges totaling $39.4 million, partially offset by income recognized from the operations of discontinued properties of $39.4 million.
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to CPA®:15 Shareholders
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, the resulting net income attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders was $59.8 million as compared with net loss attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders of $0.2 million in 2009.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, the resulting net loss attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders was $0.2 million as compared with net income attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders of $28.7 million in 2008.
Funds from Operations — as Adjusted (AFFO)
AFFO is a non-GAAP measure we use to evaluate our business. For a definition of AFFO and a reconciliation to net income attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders, See Supplemental Financial Measures below.
2010 vs. 2009 — For the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to 2009, AFFO decreased by $1.1 million, primarily due to the aforementioned changes in our results of operations.
2009 vs. 2008 — For the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to 2008, AFFO decreased by $21.1 million, primarily due to decreases in our results of operations.
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Financial Condition
Sources and Uses of Cash During the Year
We use the cash flow generated from net leases to meet our operating expenses, service debt and fund distributions to shareholders. Our cash flows fluctuate period to period due to a number of factors, which may include, among other things, the timing of purchases and sales of real estate, the timing of proceeds from non-recourse mortgage loans and receipt of lease revenues, the advisor’s annual election to receive fees in restricted shares of our common stock or cash, the timing and characterization of distributions from equity investments in real estate, payment to the advisor of the annual installment of deferred acquisition fees and interest thereon in the first quarter and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Despite this fluctuation, we believe that we will generate sufficient cash from operations and from equity distributions in excess of equity income in real estate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity needs. We may also use existing cash resources, the proceeds of non-recourse mortgage loans and the issuance of additional equity securities to meet these needs. We assess our ability to access capital on an ongoing basis. Our sources and uses of cash during the year are described below.
Operating Activities
During the year ended December 31, 2010, we used cash flows from operating activities of $166.9 million to fund cash distributions to shareholders of $72.2 million, excluding $19.5 million in dividends that were reinvested by shareholders in our common stock through our DRIP. We also made scheduled mortgage principal installments of $79.9 million, which included scheduled balloon payments totaling $34.6 million (see Financing Activities below).
Investing Activities
Our investing activities are generally comprised of real estate-related transactions (purchases and sales), payment of our annual installment of deferred acquisition fees to the advisor and capitalized property-related costs. During 2010, we received proceeds of $88.9 million from the sale of several properties as well as distributions from our equity investments in real estate in excess of cumulative equity income of $14.8 million. We used $5.2 million to fund an expansion and several capital improvement projects, which we funded partially with $4.7 million released from escrow. In January 2010, we paid our annual installment of deferred acquisition fees to the advisor, which totaled $3.5 million.
Financing Activities
As noted above, during the year ended December 31, 2010, we made scheduled mortgage principal payments and paid distributions to shareholders. We also paid distributions of $65.8 million to affiliates that hold noncontrolling interests in various entities with us. We received contributions from holders of noncontrolling interests of $7.7 million, including $4.2 million used to fund scheduled balloon payments. In connection with the sale of two domestic properties, we used $24.4 million to prepay the existing non-recourse mortgage obligation. In addition, we used $2.7 million to repurchase shares through our redemption plan, as described below. We also received $9.3 million in proceeds from mortgage financing as a result of refinancing a maturing mortgage loan.
We maintain a quarterly redemption plan pursuant to which we may, at the discretion of our board of directors, redeem shares of our common stock from shareholders seeking liquidity. The terms of the plan limit the number of shares we may redeem so that the shares we redeem in any quarter, together with the aggregate number of shares redeemed in the preceding three fiscal quarters, does not exceed a maximum of 5% of our total shares outstanding as of the last day of the immediately preceding quarter. In addition, our ability to effect redemptions is subject to our having available cash to do so. Due to higher levels of redemption requests as compared to prior years, as of the second quarter of 2009 redemptions totaled approximately 5% of total shares outstanding. In light of reaching the 5% limitation and our desire to preserve capital and liquidity, in June 2009 our board of directors approved the suspension of our redemption plan, effective for all redemption requests received subsequent to June 1, 2009, which was the deadline for all redemptions taking place in the second quarter of 2009. We may make limited exceptions to the suspension of the plan in cases of death or qualifying disability. The suspension continues as of the date of this Report and will remain in effect until our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to reinstate the redemption plan. We cannot give any assurances as to the timing of any further actions by the board with regard to the plan.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, we redeemed 268,626 shares of our common stock pursuant to our redemption plan at a price per share of $9.95, all of which were redeemed under the limited exceptions to the suspension of our redemption plan as described above. Of the total 2010 redemptions, we redeemed 78,926 shares in the fourth quarter. We funded the share redemptions during 2010 from the proceeds of the sale of shares of our common stock pursuant to our DRIP.
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Adjusted Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Adjusted cash flow from operating activities is a non-GAAP measure we use to evaluate our business. For a definition of adjusted cash flow from operating activities and a reconciliation to cash flow from operating activities, see Supplemental Financial Measures below.
Our adjusted cash flow from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $136.1 million, a decrease of $0.1 million from 2009.
Summary of Financing
The table below summarizes our non-recourse long-term debt (dollars in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Balance
               
Fixed rate
  $ 1,229,357     $ 1,293,631  
Variable rate (a)
    265,243       385,298  
 
           
Total
  $ 1,494,600     $ 1,678,929  
 
           
Percent of total debt
               
Fixed rate
    82 %     77 %
Variable rate (a)
    18 %     23 %
 
           
 
    100 %     100 %
 
           
Weighted average interest rate at end of year
               
Fixed rate
    5.8 %     5.9 %
Variable rate (a)
    5.3 %     5.2 %
 
     
(a)   Variable-rate debt at December 31, 2010 included (i) $158.7 million that was effectively converted to fixed rates through interest rate swap derivative instruments and (ii) $106.5 million in non-recourse mortgage loan obligations that bore interest at fixed rates but that convert to variable rates during their term.
Cash Resources
At December 31, 2010, our cash resources consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $104.7 million. Of this amount, $23.0 million, at then current exchange rates, was held in foreign bank accounts, and we could be subject to restrictions or significant costs should we decide to repatriate these amounts. We also had unleveraged properties that had an aggregate carrying value of $56.2 million at December 31, 2010, although there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain financing for these properties. Our cash resources can be used to fund future investments as well as for working capital needs and other commitments.
Cash Requirements
During 2011, we expect that cash payments will include paying distributions to our shareholders and to our affiliates who hold noncontrolling interests in entities we control and making scheduled mortgage loan principal payments of $101.3 million, as well as other normal recurring operating expenses. Balloon payments on our mortgage loan obligations totaling $57.8 million will be due during 2011, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $17.2 million, of which $21.2 million was refinanced and $6.3 million was paid in January 2011, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $7.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively. In addition, our share of balloon payments due during 2011 on our unconsolidated ventures totals $20.8 million, of which $4.9 million was paid in February 2011. We are actively seeking to refinance certain of these loans and believe we have sufficient financing alternatives and/or cash resources that can be used to make these payments.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
The table below summarizes our debt, off-balance sheet arrangements and other contractual obligations at December 31, 2010 and the effect that these arrangements and obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in the specified future periods (in thousands):
                                         
            Less than                     More than  
    Total     1 Year     1-3 Years     3-5 Years     5 years  
Non-recourse debt — Principal (a)
  $ 1,493,281     $ 101,296     $ 292,927     $ 558,178     $ 540,880  
Deferred acquisition fees — Principal
    3,696       2,212       1,463       21        
Interest on borrowings and deferred acquisition fees (b)
    402,251       84,299       141,345       86,548       90,059  
Subordinated disposition fees (c)
    7,249             7,249              
Operating and other lease commitments (d)
    23,467       2,418       3,907       3,890       13,252  
 
                             
 
  $ 1,929,944     $ 190,225     $ 446,891     $ 648,637     $ 644,191  
 
                             
 
     
(a)   Excludes $1.3 million of unamortized discount on a note, which is included in Non-recourse debt at December 31, 2010.
 
(b)   Interest on un-hedged variable-rate debt obligations was calculated using the applicable variable interest rates and balances outstanding at December 31, 2010.
 
(c)   Payable to the advisor, subject to meeting contingencies, in connection with any liquidity event. There can be no assurance that any liquidity event will be achieved in this time frame.
 
(d)   Operating and other lease commitments consist primarily of the total minimum rents payable on the ground leases, property improvement commitments and our share of total minimum rents payable under an office cost-sharing agreement with certain affiliates for the purpose of leasing office space used for the administration of real estate entities. Amounts under the cost-sharing agreement are allocated among the entities based on gross revenues and are adjusted quarterly. Rental obligations under ground leases are inclusive of noncontrolling interests of $1.3 million. The table above excludes the rental obligations under ground leases of two ventures in which we own a combined interest of 38%. These obligations total $32.3 million over the lease terms, which extend through 2091. We account for these ventures under the equity method of accounting.
Amounts in the table above related to our foreign operations are based on the exchange rate of the local currencies at December 31, 2010. At December 31, 2010, we had no material capital lease obligations for which we are the lessee, either individually or in the aggregate.
Equity Investments in Real Estate
We acquired interests in two related investments in 2007 (the “Hellweg 2” transaction) that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting as we do not have a controlling interest but over which we exercise significant influence. The remaining ownership of these entities is held by the advisor and certain of our affiliates. The primary purpose of these investments was to ultimately acquire an interest in the underlying properties and such was structured to effectively transfer the economics of ownership to us and our affiliates while still monetizing the sales value by transferring the legal ownership in the underlying properties over time. We acquired an interest in a venture, the “property venture,” that in turn acquired a 24.7% (direct and indirect) ownership interest in a limited partnership owning 37 properties throughout Germany. Concurrently, we also acquired an interest in a second venture, the “lending venture,” that made a loan, the “note receivable,” to the holder of the remaining 75.3% (direct and indirect) interests in the limited partnership, which is referred to in this Report as our partner. In connection with the acquisition, the property venture agreed to three option agreements that give the property venture the right to purchase, from our partner, the remaining 75.3% (direct and indirect) interest in the limited partnership at a price equal to the principal amount of the note receivable at the time of purchase. In November 2010, the property venture exercised the first of its three options and acquired from our partner a 70% direct interest in the limited partnership, thus owning a (direct and indirect) 94.7% interest in the limited partnership. The property venture has assignable option agreements to acquire the remaining (direct and indirect) 5.3% interest in the limited partnership by October 2012. If the property venture does not exercise its option agreements, our partner has option agreements to put its remaining interests in the limited partnership to the property venture during 2014 at a price equal to the principal amount of the note receivable at the time of purchase. Currently, under the terms of the note receivable, the lending venture will receive interest income that approximates 5.3% of all income earned by the limited partnership less adjustments. Our total effective ownership interest in the ventures is approximately 38%.
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Upon exercise of the relevant option or the put, in order to avoid circular transfers of cash, the seller and the lending venture and the property venture agreed that the lending venture or the seller may elect, upon exercise of the respective purchase option or put option, to have the loan from the lending venture to the seller repaid by a deemed transfer of cash. The deemed transfer will be in amounts necessary to fully satisfy the seller’s obligations to the lending venture, and the lending venture will be deemed to have transferred such funds up to us and our affiliates as if they had been recontributed down into the property venture based on their pro rata ownership. Accordingly, at December 31, 2010 (based on the exchange rate of the Euro), the only additional cash required by us to fund the exercise of the purchase option or the put would be the pro rata amounts necessary to redeem the advisor’s interest, the aggregate of which would be $2.2 million, with our share approximating $0.9 million. In addition, our maximum exposure to loss on these ventures was $18.8 million (inclusive of both our existing investment and the amount to fund our future commitment).
We have investments in unconsolidated ventures that own single-tenant properties net leased to corporations. With the exception of the venture that leases properties to Marriott International, Inc., which is owned with an unaffiliated third party, the underlying investments are jointly owned with our affiliates. Summarized financial information for these ventures and our ownership interest in the ventures at December 31, 2010 are presented below. Summarized financial information provided represents the total amounts attributable to the ventures and does not represent our proportionate share (dollars in thousands):
                             
    Ownership                    
    Interest at             Total Third      
Lessee   December 31, 2010     Total Assets     Party Debt     Maturity Date
The Upper Deck Company (a)
    50 %   $ 26,845     $ 9,817     2/2011
Del Monte Corporation
    50 %     14,739       10,092     8/2011
PETsMART, Inc.
    30 %     65,743       37,404     12/2011
Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH and Wagon Automotive Nagold GmbH (b) (c)
    33 %     43,297       21,388     8/2015
SaarOTEC (formerly Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co.) and Goertz & Schiele Corp. (b) (d)
    50 %     6,686       9,050     12/2016 & 1/2017
Builders FirstSource, Inc.
    40 %     10,703       6,408     3/2017
Hellweg Die Profi-Baumarkte GmbH & Co. KG (Hellweg 2) (b) (e)
    38 %     429,917       369,323     4/2017
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (f)
    33 %     82,675       57,166     1/2019
Hologic, Inc.
    64 %     26,627       14,143     5/2023
The Talaria Company (Hinckley) (g)
    30 %     49,038       29,427     6/2025
Marriott International, Inc.
    47 %     132,777           N/A
Schuler A.G. (b) (h)
    34 %     68,198           N/A
 
                       
 
          $ 957,245     $ 564,218      
 
                       
 
     
(a)   In February 2011, this venture repaid its maturing mortgage loan. We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $4.8 million to reduce the carrying value of this venture to its estimated fair value during 2010 (Note 11).
 
(b)   Dollar amounts shown are based on the exchange rate of the Euro at December 31, 2010.
 
(c)   A former tenant, Wagon Automotive GmbH, terminated its lease in bankruptcy proceedings effective May 2009 and a successor company, Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH, took over the business and began paying rent to us at a significantly reduced rate. Subsequently, in April 2010, Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH executed a temporary lease under which monthly rent is unchanged.
 
(d)   Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. filed for bankruptcy in November 2008 and Goertz & Schiele Corp. filed for bankruptcy in September 2009. In January 2010, Goertz & Schiele Corp. terminated its lease with us in bankruptcy proceedings, and in March 2010, SaarOTEC, a successor tenant to Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co., signed a new lease with the venture on substantially the same terms. We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge on this venture of $0.2 million during 2010.
 
(e)   Ownership interest represents our combined interest in two ventures. Total assets excludes a note receivable from an unaffiliated third party. Total third-party debt excludes a related noncontrolling interest that is redeemable by the unaffiliated third party. The note receivable and noncontrolling interest each had a carrying value of $21.8 million at December 31, 2010.
 
(f)   In connection with a debt refinancing in August 2010, the structure of this venture was modified and is subsequently being accounted for as a tenancy-in-common. Therefore, during the third quarter of 2010, we recorded an adjustment to deconsolidate this venture and account for it under the equity method of accounting.
 
(g)   We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0.6 million in connection with this venture during the year ended December 31, 2010 (Note 11).
 
(h)   We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $1.5 million related to this venture during the year ended December 31, 2010 (Note 11).
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Environmental Obligations
In connection with the purchase of many of our properties, we required the sellers to perform environmental reviews. We believe, based on the results of these reviews, that our properties were in substantial compliance with Federal and state environmental statutes at the time the properties were acquired. However, portions of certain properties have been subject to some degree of contamination, principally in connection with leakage from underground storage tanks, surface spills or other on-site activities. In most instances where contamination has been identified, tenants are actively engaged in the remediation process and addressing identified conditions. Tenants are generally subject to environmental statutes and regulations regarding the discharge of hazardous materials and any related remediation obligations. In addition, our leases generally require tenants to indemnify us from all liabilities and losses related to the leased properties with provisions of such indemnification specifically addressing environmental matters. The leases generally include provisions that allow for periodic environmental assessments, paid for by the tenant, and allow us to extend leases until such time as a tenant has satisfied its environmental obligations. Certain of our leases allow us to require financial assurances from tenants, such as performance bonds or letters of credit, if the costs of remediating environmental conditions are, in our estimation, in excess of specified amounts. Accordingly, we believe that the ultimate resolution of any environmental matters should not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. Many of these accounting policies require judgment and the use of estimates and assumptions when applying these policies in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate these estimates and judgments based on historical experience as well as other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are subject to change in the future if underlying assumptions or factors change. Certain accounting policies, while significant, may not require the use of estimates. Those accounting policies that require significant estimation and/or judgment are listed below.
Classification of Real Estate Leases
We classify our leases for financial reporting purposes at the inception of a lease, or when significant lease terms are amended, as either real estate leased under operating leases or net investment in direct financing leases. This classification is based on several criteria, including, but not limited to, estimates of the remaining economic life of the leased assets and the calculation of the present value of future minimum rents. We estimate remaining economic life relying in part upon third-party appraisals of the leased assets. We calculate the present value of future minimum rents using the lease’s implicit interest rate, which requires an estimate of the residual value of the leased assets as of the end of the non-cancelable lease term. Estimates of residual values are generally determined by us relying in part upon third-party appraisals. Different estimates of residual value result in different implicit interest rates and could possibly affect the financial reporting classification of leased assets. The contractual terms of our leases are not necessarily different for operating and direct financing leases; however, the classification is based on accounting pronouncements that are intended to indicate whether the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor or substantially transferred to the lessee. We believe that we retain certain risks of ownership regardless of accounting classification. Assets related to leases classified as net investment in direct financing leases are not depreciated but are written down to expected residual value over the lease term. Therefore, the classification of leases may have a significant impact on net income even though it has no effect on cash flows.
Identification of Tangible and Intangible Assets in Connection with Real Estate Acquisitions
In connection with our acquisition of properties accounted for as operating leases, we allocate purchase costs to tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired based on their estimated fair values. We determine the value of tangible assets, consisting of land and buildings, as if vacant, and record intangible assets, including the above-and below-market value of leases, the value of in-place leases and the value of tenant relationships, at their relative estimated fair values.
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We determine the value attributed to tangible assets in part using a discounted cash flow model that is intended to approximate both what a third party would pay to purchase the vacant property and rent at current estimated market rates. In applying the model, we assume that the disinterested party would sell the property at the end of an estimated market lease term. Assumptions used in the model are property-specific where this information is available; however, when certain necessary information is not available, we use available regional and property-type information. Assumptions and estimates include a discount rate or internal rate of return, marketing period necessary to put a lease in place, carrying costs during the marketing period, leasing commissions and tenant improvements allowances, market rents and growth factors of these rents, market lease term and a cap rate to be applied to an estimate of market rent at the end of the market lease term.
We acquire properties subject to net leases and determine the value of above-market and below-market lease intangibles based on the difference between (i) the contractual rents to be paid pursuant to the leases negotiated and in place at the time of acquisition of the properties and (ii) our estimate of fair market lease rates for the property or a similar property, both of which are measured over a period equal to the estimated market lease term. We discount the difference between the estimated market rent and contractual rent to a present value using an interest rate reflecting our current assessment of the risk associated with the lease acquired, which includes a consideration of the credit of the lessee. Estimates of market rent are generally determined by us relying in part upon a third-party appraisal obtained in connection with the property acquisition and can include estimates of market rent increase factors, which are generally provided in the appraisal or by local brokers.
We evaluate the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and any pre-existing relationship with each tenant in determining the value of in-place lease and tenant relationship intangibles. To determine the value of in-place lease intangibles, we consider estimated market rent, estimated carrying costs of the property during a hypothetical expected lease-up period, current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. Estimated carrying costs include real estate taxes, insurance, other property operating costs and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the hypothetical expected lease-up periods, based on assessments of specific market conditions. In determining the value of tenant relationship intangibles, we consider the expectation of lease renewals, the nature and extent of our existing relationship with the tenant, prospects for developing new business with the tenant and the tenant’s credit profile. We also consider estimated costs to execute a new lease, including estimated leasing commissions and legal costs, as well as estimated carrying costs of the property during a hypothetical expected lease-up period. We determine these values using our estimates or by relying in part upon third-party appraisals.
Basis of Consolidation
When we obtain an economic interest in an entity, we evaluate the entity to determine if it is deemed a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and, if so, whether we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and are therefore required to consolidate the entity. Significant judgment is required to determine whether a VIE should be consolidated. We review the contractual arrangements provided for in the partnership agreement or other related contracts to determine whether the entity is considered a VIE under current authoritative accounting guidance, and to establish whether we have any variable interests in the VIE. We then compare our variable interests, if any, to those of the other variable interest holders to determine which party is the primary beneficiary of a VIE based on whether the entity (i) has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE, and (ii) has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
For an entity that is not considered to be a VIE, the general partners in a limited partnership (or similar entity) are presumed to control the entity regardless of the level of their ownership and, accordingly, may be required to consolidate the entity. We evaluate the partnership agreements or other relevant contracts to determine whether there are provisions in the agreements that would overcome this presumption. If the agreements provide the limited partners with either (a) the substantive ability to dissolve or liquidate the limited partnership or otherwise remove the general partners without cause or (b) substantive participating rights, the limited partners’ rights overcome the presumption of control by a general partner of the limited partnership, and, therefore, the general partner must account for its investment in the limited partnership using the equity method of accounting.
When we obtain an economic interest in an entity that is structured at the date of acquisition as a tenant-in-common interest, we evaluate the tenancy-in-common agreements or other relevant documents to ensure that the entity does not qualify as a VIE and does not meet the control requirement required for consolidation. We also use judgment in determining whether the shared decision-making involved in a tenant-in-common interest investment creates an opportunity for us to have significant influence on the operating and financial decisions of these investments and thereby creates some responsibility by us for a return on our investment. We account for tenancy-in-common interests under the equity method of accounting.
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Impairments
On a quarterly basis, we assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our long-lived assets may be impaired or that their carrying value may not be recoverable. These impairment indicators include, but are not limited to, the vacancy of a property that is not subject to a lease; a lease default by a tenant that is experiencing financial difficulty; the termination of a lease by a tenant or the rejection of a lease in a bankruptcy proceeding. Impairment charges do not necessarily reflect the true economic loss caused by the default of the tenant, which may be greater or less than the impairment amount. In addition, we use non-recourse debt to finance our acquisitions, and to the extent that the value of an asset is written down to below the value of its debt, there is an unrealized gain that will be triggered when we turn the asset back to the lender in satisfaction of the debt. We may incur impairment charges on long-lived assets, including real estate, direct financing leases, assets held for sale and equity investments in real estate. We may also incur impairment charges on marketable securities. Estimates and judgments used when evaluating whether these assets are impaired are presented below.
Real Estate
For real estate assets in which an impairment indicator is identified, we follow a two-step process to determine whether an asset is impaired and to determine the amount of the charge. First, we compare the carrying value of the property to the future net undiscounted cash flow that we expect the property will generate, including any estimated proceeds from the eventual sale of the property. The undiscounted cash flow analysis requires us to make our best estimate of market rents, residual values and holding periods. We estimate market rents and residual values using market information from outside sources such as broker quotes or recent comparable sales. In cases where the available market information is not deemed appropriate, we perform a future net cash flow analysis discounted for inherent risk associated with each asset to determine an estimated fair value. As our investment objective is to hold properties on a long-term basis, holding periods used in the undiscounted cash flow analysis generally range from five to ten years. Depending on the assumptions made and estimates used, the future cash flow projected in the evaluation of long-lived assets can vary within a range of outcomes. We consider the likelihood of possible outcomes in determining the best possible estimate of future cash flows. If the future net undiscounted cash flow of the property is less than the carrying value, the property is considered to be impaired. We then measure the loss as the excess of the carrying value of the property over its estimated fair value. The property’s estimated fair value is primarily determined using market information from outside sources such as broker quotes or recent comparable sales.
Direct Financing Leases
We review our direct financing leases at least annually to determine whether there has been an other-than-temporary decline in the current estimate of residual value of the property. The residual value is our estimate of what we could realize upon the sale of the property at the end of the lease term, based on market information from outside sources such as broker quotes or recent comparable sales. If this review indicates that a decline in residual value has occurred that is other-than-temporary, we recognize an impairment charge and revise the accounting for the direct financing lease to reflect a portion of the future cash flow from the lessee as a return of principal rather than as revenue. While we evaluate direct financing leases if there are any indicators that the residual value may be impaired, the evaluation of a direct financing lease can be affected by changes in long-term market conditions even though the obligations of the lessee are being met.
Assets Held for Sale
We classify real estate assets that are accounted for as operating leases as held for sale when we have entered into a contract to sell the property, all material due diligence requirements have been satisfied and we believe it is probable that the disposition will occur within one year. When we classify an asset as held for sale, we calculate its estimated fair value as the expected sale price, less expected selling costs. We base the expected sale price on the contract and the expected selling costs on information provided by brokers and legal counsel. We then compare the asset’s estimated fair value to its carrying value, and if the estimated fair value is less than the property’s carrying value, we reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. We will continue to review the property for subsequent changes in the estimated fair value, and may recognize an additional impairment charge if warranted.
If circumstances arise that we previously considered unlikely and, as a result, we decide not to sell a property previously classified as held for sale, we reclassify the property as held and used. We measure and record a property that is reclassified as held and used at the lower of (a) its carrying amount before the property was classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the property been continuously classified as held and used, or (b) the estimated fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.
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Equity Investments in Real Estate
We evaluate our equity investments in real estate on a periodic basis to determine if there are any indicators that the value of our equity investment may be impaired and to establish whether or not that impairment is other-than-temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, we measure the charge as the excess of the carrying value of our investment over its estimated fair value, which is determined by multiplying the estimated fair value of the underlying venture’s net assets by our ownership interest percentage. For our unconsolidated ventures in real estate, we calculate the estimated fair value of the underlying venture’s real estate or net investment in direct financing lease as described in Real Estate and Direct Financing Leases above. The fair value of the underlying venture’s debt, if any, is calculated based on market interest rates and other market information. The fair value of the underlying venture’s other financial assets and liabilities (excluding net investment in direct financing leases) have fair values that approximate their carrying values.
Marketable Securities
We evaluate our marketable securities for impairment if a decline in estimated fair value below cost basis is considered other-than-temporary. In determining whether the decline is other-than-temporary, we consider the underlying cause of the decline in value, the estimated recovery period, the severity and duration of the decline, as well as whether we plan to sell the security or will more likely than not be required to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. If we determine that the decline is other-than-temporary, we record an impairment charge to reduce our cost basis to the estimated fair value of the security. Beginning in 2009, the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in earnings while the non-credit component is recognized in Other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Prior to 2009, all portions of other-than-temporary impairments were recorded in earnings.
Provision for Uncollected Amounts from Lessees
On an ongoing basis, we assess our ability to collect rent and other tenant-based receivables and determine an appropriate allowance for uncollected amounts. Because we have a limited number of lessees (16 lessees represented 67% of lease revenues during 2010), we believe that it is necessary to evaluate the collectability of these receivables based on the facts and circumstances of each situation rather than solely using statistical methods. Therefore, in recognizing our provision for uncollected rents and other tenant receivables, we evaluate actual past due amounts and make subjective judgments as to the collectability of those amounts based on factors including, but not limited to, our knowledge of a lessee’s circumstances, the age of the receivables, the tenant’s credit profile and prior experience with the tenant. Even if a lessee has been making payments, we may reserve for the entire receivable amount from the lessee if we believe there has been significant or continuing deterioration in the lessee’s ability to meet its lease obligations.
Income Taxes
We have elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to, among other things, distribute at least 90% of our REIT net taxable income to our shareholders (excluding net capital gains) and meet certain tests regarding the nature of our income and assets. As a REIT, we are not subject to U.S. federal income tax with respect to the portion of our income that meets certain criteria and is distributed annually to shareholders. Accordingly, no provision for U.S. federal income taxes is included in the consolidated financial statements with respect to these operations. We believe we have operated, and we intend to continue to operate, in a manner that allows us to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet these requirements, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
We conduct business in various states and municipalities within the U.S. and the European Union and, as a result, we or one or more of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and certain foreign jurisdictions. As a result, we are subject to certain state, local and foreign taxes and a provision for such taxes is included in the consolidated financial statements.
Significant judgment is required in determining our tax provision and in evaluating our tax positions. We establish tax reserves in accordance using a benefit recognition model, which we believe could result in a greater amount of benefit (and a lower amount of reserve) being initially recognized in certain circumstances. Provided that the tax position is deemed more likely than not of being sustained, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. The tax position must be derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not of being sustained.
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Subsequent Events
In January 2011, a venture in which we and an affiliate hold 15% and 85% interests, respectively, entered into an investment in the Netherlands for a total cost of approximately $207.5 million, of which our share is approximately $31.1 million. In March 2011, the venture obtained non-recourse mortgage financing of approximately $98.4 million for this investment. Our share of the financing is approximately $14.8 million.
In February 2011, we returned a property previously leased to Advanced Accessory Systems LLC to the lender in exchange for the lender’s agreement to release us from all related non-recourse mortgage loan obligations. On the date of disposition, the property had a carrying value of approximately $2.7 million, reflecting the impact of impairment charges totaling $8.4 million incurred in 2009, and the related non-recourse mortgage loan had an outstanding balance of approximately $6.1 million.
Supplemental Financial Measures
In the real estate industry, analysts and investors employ certain non-GAAP measures in order to facilitate meaningful comparisons between periods and among peer companies. Additionally, in the formulation of our goals and in the evaluation of the effectiveness of our strategies, we employ the use of supplemental non-GAAP measures, which are uniquely defined by our management. We believe these measures are useful to investors to consider because they may assist them to better understand and measure the performance of our business over time and against similar companies. A description of these non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are provided below.
Funds from Operations — as Adjusted
Funds from Operations, (“FFO”) is a non-GAAP measure defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). NAREIT defines FFO as net income or loss (as computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding: depreciation and amortization expense from real estate assets, gains or losses from sales of depreciated real estate assets and extraordinary items; however, FFO related to assets held for sale, sold or otherwise transferred and included in the results of discontinued operations are to be included. These adjustments also incorporate the pro rata share of unconsolidated subsidiaries. FFO is used by management, investors and analysts to facilitate meaningful comparisons of operating performance between periods and among our peers. Although NAREIT has published this definition of FFO, real estate companies often modify this definition as they seek to provide financial measures that meaningfully reflect their distinctive operations.
We modify the NAREIT computation of FFO to include other adjustments to GAAP net income for certain non-cash charges, where applicable, such as gains or losses on extinguishment of debt and deconsolidation of subsidiaries, amortization of intangibles, straight-line rents, impairment charges on real estate and unrealized foreign currency exchange gains and losses. We refer to our modified definition of FFO as “Funds from Operations — as Adjusted,” or “AFFO,” and we employ it as one measure of our operating performance when we formulate corporate goals and evaluate the effectiveness of our strategies. We exclude these items from GAAP net income as they are not the primary drivers in our decision-making process. Our assessment of our operations is focused on long-term sustainability and not on such non-cash items, which may cause short-term fluctuations in net income but have no impact on cash flows. As a result, we believe that AFFO is a useful supplemental measure for investors to consider because it will help them to better understand and measure the performance of our business over time without the potentially distorting impact of these short-term fluctuations.
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FFO and AFFO for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 are presented below (in thousands):
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Net income (loss) attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
  $ 59,777     $ (248 )   $ 28,694  
Adjustments:
                       
Depreciation and amortization of real property
    59,179       63,285       64,724  
Gain on sale of real estate
    (33,001 )     (11,332 )     (718 )
Proportionate share of adjustments to equity in net income of partially owned entities to arrive at FFO:
                       
Depreciation and amortization of real property
    8,360       8,109       8,393  
Gain on sale of real estate
    (196 )     (3 )      
Proportionate share of adjustments for noncontrolling interests
    2,208       (12,983 )     (18,603 )
 
                 
Total adjustments
    36,550       47,076       53,796  
 
                 
FFO — as defined by NAREIT
    96,327       46,828       82,490  
 
                 
Adjustments:
                       
Gain on deconsolidation of subsidiary
    (11,493 )            
Loss on extinguishment of debt
          500        
Other depreciation, amortization and non-cash charges
    (708 )     (1,451 )     5,436  
Straight-line and other rent adjustments
    1,133       (604 )     5,817  
Impairment charges
    18,176       56,345       40,741  
Proportionate share of adjustments to equity in net income of partially owned entities to arrive at AFFO:
                       
Other depreciation, amortization and non-cash charges
    329       441       1,331  
Straight-line and other rent adjustments
    18       771       563  
Impairment charges
    9,621       10,284       1,310  
Proportionate share of adjustments for noncontrolling interests to arrive at AFFO
    (5,374 )     (3,970 )     (7,396 )
 
                 
Total adjustments
    11,702       62,316       47,802  
 
                 
AFFO
  $ 108,029     $ 109,144     $ 130,292  
 
                 
Adjusted Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Adjusted cash flow from operating activities refers to our cash flow from operating activities (as computed in accordance with GAAP) adjusted, where applicable, primarily to: add cash distributions that we receive from our investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures in excess of our equity income; subtract cash distributions that we make to our non-controlling partners in real estate joint ventures that we consolidate; and eliminate changes in working capital. We hold a number of interests in real estate joint ventures, and we believe that adjusting our GAAP cash flow provided by operating activities to reflect these actual cash receipts and cash payments as well as eliminating the effect of timing differences between the payment of certain liabilities and the receipt of certain receivables in a period other than that in which the item is recognized, may give investors additional information about our actual cash flow that is not incorporated in cash flow from operating activities as defined by GAAP.
We believe that adjusted cash flow from operating activities is a useful supplemental measure for assessing the cash flow generated from our core operations as it gives investors important information about our liquidity that is not provided within cash flow from operating activities as defined by GAAP, and we use this measure when evaluating distributions to shareholders.
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Adjusted cash flow from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 is presented below (in thousands):
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Cash flow provided by operating activities
  $ 166,940     $ 160,033     $ 180,789  
Adjustments:
                       
Distributions received from equity investments in real estate in excess of equity income, net
    5,318       7,414       4,320  
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests, net
    (32,424 )     (35,911 )     (50,033 )
Changes in working capital
    (3,724 )     4,653       1,703  
Advisor settlement
                (9,111 )
 
                 
Adjusted cash flow from operating activities
  $ 136,110     $ 136,189     $ 127,668  
 
                 
 
                       
Distributions declared (weighted average share basis)
  $ 92,250     $ 89,984     $ 88,751  
 
                 
While we believe our FFO, AFFO and Adjusted cash flow from operating activities are important supplemental measures, they should not be considered as alternatives to net income as an indication of a company’s operating performance or to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. These non-GAAP measures should be used in conjunction with net income and cash flow from operating activities as defined by GAAP. FFO, AFFO and Adjusted cash flow from operating activities, or similarly titled measures disclosed by other REITs, may not be comparable to our FFO, AFFO and Adjusted cash flow from operating activities measures.
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Item 7A.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market Risks
Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. The primary risks to which we are exposed are interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange risk. We are also exposed to market risk as a result of concentrations in certain tenant industries.
We do not generally use derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk exposure and do not use derivative instruments to hedge credit/market risks or for speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
The value of our real estate and related fixed-rate debt obligations is subject to fluctuations based on changes in interest rates. The value of our real estate is also subject to fluctuations based on local and regional economic conditions and changes in the creditworthiness of lessees, all of which may affect our ability to refinance property-level mortgage debt when balloon payments are scheduled. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions, and other factors beyond our control. An increase in interest rates would likely cause the value of our owned assets to decrease. Increases in interest rates may also have an impact on the credit profile of certain tenants.
Although we have not experienced any credit losses on investments in loan participations, in the event of a significant rising interest rate environment, loan defaults could occur and result in our recognition of credit losses, which could adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Further, such defaults could have an adverse effect on the spreads between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.
We hold a participation in Carey Commercial Mortgage Trust (“CCMT”), a mortgage pool consisting of $172.3 million of mortgage debt collateralized by properties and lease assignments on properties jointly owned by us and two affiliates. With our affiliates, we also purchased subordinated interests totaling $24.1 million, in which we own a 44% interest. The subordinated interests are payable only after all other classes of ownership receive their stated interest and related principal payments. The subordinated interests, therefore, could be affected by any defaults or nonpayment by lessees. At December 31, 2010, there have been no defaults. We account for the CCMT as a security that we expect to hold on a long-term basis. The value of the CCMT is subject to fluctuation based on changes in interest rates, economic conditions and the creditworthiness of lessees at the mortgaged properties. At December 31, 2010, we estimate that our total interest in CCMT had a fair value of $10.4 million, an increase of $0.7 million from the fair value at December 31, 2009.
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes primarily through our borrowing activities. To limit this exposure, we attempt to obtain mortgage financing on a long-term, fixed-rate basis. However, from time to time, we or our venture partners may obtain variable-rate non-recourse mortgage loans and, as such, may enter into interest rate swap agreements or interest rate cap agreements with lenders that effectively convert the variable-rate debt service obligations of the loan to a fixed rate. Interest rate swaps are agreements in which one party exchanges a stream of interest payments for a counterparty’s stream of cash flow over a specific period, and interest rate caps limit the effective borrowing rate of variable-rate debt obligations while allowing participants to share in downward shifts in interest rates. These interest rate swaps and caps are derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges on the forecasted interest payments on the debt obligation. The notional, or face, amount on which the swaps or caps are based is not exchanged. Our objective in using these derivatives is to limit our exposure to interest rate movements. We estimate that the fair value of our interest rate swaps, which are included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated financial statements, was in a net liability position of $10.4 million, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $2.6 million at December 31, 2010 (Note 10).
Certain of our unconsolidated ventures, in which we have interests ranging from 30% to 50%, have obtained participation rights in interest rate swaps obtained by the lenders of non-recourse mortgage financing to the ventures. The participation rights are deemed to be embedded credit derivatives. These derivatives generated a total unrealized loss of $0.8 million during 2010, representing the total amount attributable to the ventures, not our proportionate share. Because of current market volatility, we are experiencing significant fluctuation in the unrealized gains and losses generated from these derivatives and expect this trend to continue until market conditions stabilize.
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At December 31, 2010, substantially all of our non-recourse debt either bore interest at fixed rates, was swapped to a fixed rate or bore interest at fixed rates that were scheduled to convert to variable rates during their term. The estimated fair value of these instruments is affected by changes in market interest rates. The annual interest rates on our fixed-rate debt at December 31, 2010 ranged from 4.3% to 10.0%. The annual interest rates on our variable-rate debt at December 31, 2010 ranged from 5.1% to 7.6%. Our debt obligations are more fully described in Financial Condition in Item 7 above. The following table presents principal cash flows based upon expected maturity dates of our debt obligations outstanding at December 31, 2010 (in thousands):
                                                                 
    2011     2012     2013     2014     2015     Thereafter     Total     Fair value  
Fixed rate debt
  $ 92,357     $ 134,782     $ 135,452     $ 280,803     $ 185,999     $ 399,964     $ 1,229,357     $ 1,214,527  
Variable rate debt
  $ 8,939     $ 12,744     $ 9,949     $ 89,070     $ 3,625     $ 140,916     $ 265,243     $ 265,213  
A decrease or increase in interest rates of 1% would change the estimated fair value of such debt at December 31, 2010 by an aggregate increase of $59.8 million or an aggregate decrease of $56.3 million, respectively.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We own investments in the European Union, and as a result are subject to risk from the effects of exchange rate movements of foreign currencies, primarily in the Euro and, to a lesser extent, the British Pound Sterling, which may affect future costs and cash flows. We manage foreign currency exchange rate movements by generally placing both our debt obligations to the lender and the tenant’s rental obligations to us in the same currency. We are generally a net receiver of the foreign currencies (we receive more cash than we pay out), and therefore our foreign operations benefit from a weaker U.S. dollar and are adversely affected by a stronger U.S. dollar, relative to the foreign currencies. For 2010, we recognized unrealized foreign currency gains of $0.6 million and realized foreign currency losses of $0.9 million. These losses are included in Other income and (expenses) in the consolidated financial statements and were primarily due to changes in the value of the foreign currencies on accrued interest receivable on notes receivable from wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Through the date of this Report, we had not entered into any foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We have obtained non-recourse mortgage financing at fixed rates of interest in the local currency. To the extent that currency fluctuations increase or decrease rental revenues as translated to dollars, the change in debt service, as translated to dollars, will partially offset the effect of fluctuations in revenue, and, to some extent, mitigate the risk from changes in foreign currency rates.
Scheduled future minimum rents, exclusive of renewals, under non-cancelable operating leases, for our foreign operations during each of the next five years and thereafter, are as follows (in thousands):
                                                         
Lease Revenues (a)   2011     2012     2013     2014     2015     Thereafter     Total  
Euro
  $ 87,553     $ 83,770     $ 83,865     $ 84,254     $ 71,667     $ 445,556     $ 856,665  
British pound sterling
    1,332       1,332       1,377       1,507       1,507       33,439       40,494  
 
                                         
 
  $ 88,885     $ 85,102     $ 85,242     $ 85,761     $ 73,174     $ 478,995     $ 897,159  
 
                                         
Scheduled debt service payments (principal and interest) for the mortgage notes payable for our foreign operations during each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
                                                         
Debt service (a) (b)   2011     2012     2013     2014     2015     Thereafter     Total  
Euro
  $ 76,992     $ 52,980     $ 52,852     $ 199,279     $ 174,376     $ 287,101     $ 843,580  
British pound sterling
    731       727       720       789       10,588             13,555  
 
                                         
 
  $ 77,723     $ 53,707     $ 53,572     $ 200,068     $ 184,964     $ 287,101     $ 857,135  
 
                                         
 
     
(a)   Based on the applicable exchange rates at December 31, 2010. Contractual rents and debt obligations are denominated in the functional currency of the country of each property.
 
(b)   Interest on unhedged variable-rate debt obligations was calculated using the applicable annual interest rates and balances outstanding at December 31, 2010.
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As a result of scheduled balloon payments on non-recourse mortgage loans, projected debt service obligations exceed projected lease revenues in 2014 and 2015. In 2014 and 2015, balloon payments totaling $164.7 million and $152.2 million, respectively, are due on four and two, respectively, non-recourse mortgage loans that are collateralized by properties that we own with affiliates. We anticipate that, by 2014 and 2015, we and our noncontrolling interest partners will seek to refinance certain of these loans or will use existing cash resources to make these payments, if necessary.
Other
We own stock warrants that were granted to us by lessees in connection with structuring initial lease transactions and that are defined as derivative instruments because they are readily convertible to cash or provide for net settlement upon conversion. Changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are determined using an option pricing model and are recognized currently in earnings as gains or losses. At December 31, 2010, warrants issued to us were classified as derivative instruments and had an aggregate estimated fair value of $2.0 million.
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Item 8.  
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The following financial statements and schedule are filed as a part of this Report:
         
    49  
 
       
    50  
 
       
    51  
 
       
    52  
 
       
    53  
 
       
    54  
 
       
    56  
 
       
    85  
 
       
    88  
Financial statement schedules other than those listed above are omitted because the required information is given in the financial statements, including the notes thereto, or because the conditions requiring their filing do not exist.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Corporate Property Associates 15 Incorporated:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Corporate Property Associates 15 Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
March 31, 2011
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CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Assets
               
Investments in real estate:
               
Real estate, at cost (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”) of $7,861 for both periods presented)
  $ 2,091,380     $ 2,267,459  
Accumulated depreciation (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated VIE of $(1,167) and $(995), respectively)
    (298,531 )     (281,854 )
 
           
Net investments in properties
    1,792,849       1,985,605  
Net investment in direct financing leases
    323,166       372,636  
Assets held for sale
    739        
Equity investments in real estate
    181,000       181,771  
 
           
Net investments in real estate
    2,297,754       2,540,012  
Cash and cash equivalents (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated VIE of $561 and $182, respectively)
    104,673       69,379  
Intangible assets, net (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated VIE of $645 and $698, respectively)
    163,610       211,734  
Other assets, net (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated VIE of $833 and $873, respectively)
    128,018       137,963  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 2,694,055     $ 2,959,088  
 
           
Liabilities and Equity
               
Liabilities:
               
Non-recourse debt (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated VIE of $4,480 and $4,668, respectively)
  $ 1,494,600     $ 1,678,929  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated VIE of $271 and $280, respectively)
    40,587       38,431  
Prepaid and deferred rental income and security deposits (inclusive of amounts attributable to consolidated VIE of $63 and $62, respectively)
    65,443       78,922  
Due to affiliates
    16,003       18,303  
Distributions payable
    23,333       22,698  
 
           
Total liabilities
    1,639,966       1,837,283  
 
           
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
               
Equity:
               
CPA®:15 shareholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 240,000,000 shares authorized; 144,680,751 and 141,748,316 shares issued, respectively
    145       142  
Additional paid-in capital
    1,346,230       1,315,521  
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings
    (330,380 )     (297,779 )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
    (10,099 )     2,201  
 
           
 
    1,005,896       1,020,085  
Less, treasury stock at cost, 16,191,899 and 15,923,273 shares, respectively
    (170,580 )     (167,907 )
 
           
Total CPA®:15 shareholders’ equity
    835,316       852,178  
Noncontrolling interests
    218,773       269,627  
 
           
Total equity
    1,054,089       1,121,805  
 
           
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 2,694,055     $ 2,959,088  
 
           
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 50

 

 


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CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Revenues
                       
Rental income
  $ 227,573     $ 235,365     $ 235,236  
Interest income from direct financing leases
    32,162       38,822       45,610  
Other operating income
    6,850       6,949       7,761  
 
                 
 
    266,585       281,136       288,607  
 
                 
Operating Expenses
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    (59,639 )     (61,622 )     (63,158 )
Property expenses
    (39,233 )     (40,891 )     (43,786 )
General and administrative
    (8,069 )     (8,838 )     (9,864 )
Impairment charges
    (17,852 )     (48,546 )     (1,330 )
 
                 
 
    (124,793 )     (159,897 )     (118,138 )
 
                 
Other Income and Expenses
                       
Income from equity investments in real estate
    7,857       4,010       12,460  
Other interest income
    1,828       2,323       5,463  
Other income and (expenses)
    (214 )     1,312       3,440  
Gain (loss) on disposition of direct financing leases
    15,592       (41 )      
Gain on deconsolidation of a subsidiary
    11,493              
Advisor settlement (Note 13)
                9,111  
Interest expense
    (91,812 )     (100,355 )     (108,211 )
 
                 
 
    (55,256 )     (92,751 )     (77,737 )
 
                 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    86,536       28,488       92,732  
Provision for income taxes
    (4,214 )     (4,917 )     (6,818 )
 
                 
Income from continuing operations
    82,322       23,571       85,914  
 
                 
Discontinued Operations
                       
Income from operations of discontinued properties
    849       3,220       4,758  
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate
    17,409       12,406       (67 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
          (1,498 )      
Impairment charges
    (324 )     (7,799 )     (39,411 )
 
                 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    17,934       6,329       (34,720 )
 
                 
Net Income
    100,256       29,900       51,194  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (40,479 )     (30,148 )     (22,500 )
 
                 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to CPA®:15 Shareholders
  $ 59,777     $ (248 )   $ 28,694  
 
                 
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
  $ 0.43     $ (0.01 )   $ 0.41  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    0.04       0.01       (0.19 )
 
                 
Net income (loss) attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
  $ 0.47     $     $ 0.22  
 
                 
       
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
    127,312,274       125,834,605       128,588,054  
 
                 
 
                       
Amounts Attributable to CPA®:15 Shareholders
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax
  $ 54,493     $ (1,206 )   $ 53,451  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    5,284       958       (24,757 )
 
                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 59,777     $ (248 )   $ 28,694  
 
                 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 51

 

 


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CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Net Income
  $ 100,256     $ 29,900     $ 51,194  
Other Comprehensive Income:
                       
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    (15,719 )     1,618       (27,915 )
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities
    776       925       (1,672 )
Change in unrealized loss on derivative instruments
    (2,841 )     (1,863 )     (15,138 )
 
                 
 
    (17,784 )     680       (44,725 )
 
                 
Comprehensive Income
    82,472       30,580       6,469  
 
                 
Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:
                       
Net income
    (40,479 )     (30,148 )     (22,500 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    4,551       509       6,682  
Change in unrealized loss on derivative instruments
    933       552       3,339  
 
                 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (34,995 )     (29,087 )     (12,479 )
 
                 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to CPA®:15 Shareholders
  $ 47,477     $ 1,493     $ (6,010 )
 
                 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 52

 

 


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CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
                                                                         
                            Distributions     Accumulated                            
                    Additional     in Excess of     Other             Total              
            Common     Paid-in     Accumulated     Comprehensive     Treasury     CPA®:15     Noncontrolling        
    Shares     Stock     Capital     Earnings     Income     Stock     Shareholders     Interests     Total  
Balance at January 1, 2008
    128,520,680     $ 136     $ 1,247,241     $ (148,490 )   $ 35,164     $ (72,154 )   $ 1,061,897     $ 300,031     $ 1,361,928  
Shares issued $.001 par, at $11.59 and $11.40 per share, net of offering costs
    1,735,987       2       19,649                               19,651               19,651  
Shares, $.001 par, issued to advisor at $12.20 per share
    1,306,304       1       15,936                               15,937               15,937  
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
                                                          11,128       11,128  
Distributions declared ($0.6902 per share)
                            (88,153 )                     (88,153 )             (88,153 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
                                                          (51,733 )     (51,733 )
Net income
                            28,694                       28,694       22,500       51,194  
Other comprehensive income:
                                                                       
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                                    (21,233 )             (21,233 )     (6,682 )     (27,915 )
Change in unrealized gain on marketable securities
                                    (1,672 )             (1,672 )             (1,672 )
Change in unrealized gain on derivative instruments
                                    (11,799 )             (11,799 )     (3,339 )     (15,138 )
Repurchase of shares
    (5,030,784 )                                     (57,079 )     (57,079 )             (57,079 )
 
                                                     
Balance at December 31, 2008
    126,532,187       139       1,282,826       (207,949 )     460       (129,233 )     946,243       271,905       1,218,148  
 
                                                     
Shares issued $.001 par, at $10.93 and $11.95 per share, net of offering costs
    1,807,202       2       19,969                               19,971               19,971  
Shares, $.001 par, issued to advisor at $11.50 per share
    1,100,634       1       12,726                               12,727               12,727  
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
                                                          18,157       18,157  
Distributions declared ($0.7151 per share)
                            (89,582 )                     (89,582 )             (89,582 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
                                                          (49,522 )     (49,522 )
Net (loss) income
                            (248 )                     (248 )     30,148       29,900  
Other comprehensive loss:
                                                                       
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                                    2,127               2,127       (509 )     1,618  
Change in unrealized loss on marketable securities
                                    925               925               925  
Change in unrealized loss on derivative instruments
                                    (1,311 )             (1,311 )     (552 )     (1,863 )
Repurchase of shares
    (3,614,980 )                                     (38,674 )     (38,674 )             (38,674 )
 
                                                     
Balance at December 31, 2009
    125,825,043       142       1,315,521       (297,779 )     2,201       (167,907 )     852,178       269,627       1,121,805  
 
                                                     
Shares issued $.001 par, at $10.17 and $10.93 per share, net of offering costs
    1,891,974       2       19,547                               19,549               19,549  
Shares, $.001 par, issued to advisor at $10.70 per share
    1,040,461       1       11,162                               11,163               11,163  
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
                                                          7,731       7,731  
Deconsolidation of a venture
                                                          (27,439 )     (27,439 )
Distributions declared ($0.7246 per share)
                            (92,378 )                     (92,378 )             (92,378 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
                                                          (65,772 )     (65,772 )
Net income
                            59,777                       59,777       40,479       100,256  
Other comprehensive income (loss):
                                                                       
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                                    (11,168 )             (11,168 )     (4,920 )     (16,088 )
Change in unrealized gain on marketable securities
                                    776               776               776  
Change in unrealized loss on derivative instruments
                                    (1,908 )             (1,908 )     (933 )     (2,841 )
Repurchase of shares
    (268,626 )                                     (2,673 )     (2,673 )             (2,673 )
 
                                                     
Balance at December 31, 2010
    128,488,852     $ 145     $ 1,346,230     $ (330,380 )   $ (10,099 )   $ (170,580 )   $ 835,316     $ 218,773     $ 1,054,089  
 
                                                     
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 53

 

 


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CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Cash Flows — Operating Activities
                       
Net income
  $ 100,256     $ 29,900     $ 51,194  
Adjustments to net income:
                       
Depreciation and amortization including intangible assets and deferred financing costs
    62,226       65,294       68,815  
Straight-line rent and financing lease adjustments
    9,443       6,621       5,817  
Income from equity investments in real estate in excess of distributions received
    8,423       11,244       2,594  
Issuance of shares to affiliate in satisfaction of fees due
    11,163       12,727       15,937  
Realized loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions, derivative instruments and other, net
    891       17       (10,278 )
Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions, derivative instruments and other, net
    (677 )     (1,552 )     7,950  
Gain on deconsolidation of a subsidiary
    (11,493 )            
Gain on sale of real estate, net
    (33,001 )     (11,332 )     (718 )
Impairment charges
    18,176       56,345       40,741  
(Increase) decrease in cash held in escrow for operating activities
    (2,190 )     (4,578 )     440  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
    3,723       (4,653 )     (1,703 )
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    166,940       160,033       180,789  
 
                 
Cash Flows — Investing Activities
                       
Distributions from equity investments in real estate in excess of equity income
    14,786       7,412       23,130  
Capital expenditures and acquisitions of real estate
    (5,161 )     (2,379 )     (269 )
Contributions to equity investments in real estate
    (736 )           (26,633 )
Funds placed in escrow for construction of real estate
          (5,327 )      
Funds released from escrow for construction of real estate
    4,725              
Proceeds from sale of real estate
    88,862       9,481       11,966  
Payment of deferred acquisition fees to an affiliate
    (3,530 )     (6,903 )     (8,413 )
Proceeds from exercise of common stock warrants
                85  
Repayment of loan from affiliate
                7,569  
 
                 
Net cash provided by investing activities
    98,946       2,284       7,435  
 
                 
Cash Flows — Financing Activities
                       
Distributions paid (a)
    (91,743 )     (88,939 )     (98,153 )
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests
    (65,772 )     (49,522 )     (51,733 )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
    7,731       18,157       11,128  
Proceeds from mortgages
    9,315       40,497       68,000  
Prepayment of mortgage principal
    (24,421 )     (14,623 )     (88,941 )
Scheduled payments of mortgage principal
    (79,905 )     (92,765 )     (42,662 )
Deferred financing costs, net of deposits refunded
    (267 )     (1,116 )     (1,409 )
Proceeds from issuance of shares, net of costs
    19,549       19,971       19,651  
Purchase of treasury stock
    (2,673 )     (38,674 )     (57,079 )
 
                 
Net cash used in financing activities
    (228,186 )     (207,014 )     (241,198 )
 
                 
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents During the Year
                       
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    (2,406 )     2,044       (1,845 )
 
                 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    35,294       (42,653 )     (54,819 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
    69,379       112,032       166,851  
 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
  $ 104,673     $ 69,379     $ 112,032  
 
                 
 
     
(a)  
Includes a special distribution of $10.2 million ($0.08 per share) declared in December 2007 and paid in January 2008.
(Continued)
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 54

 

 


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CORPORATE PROPERTY ASSOCIATES 15 INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS, CONTINUED
Supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Interest paid
  $ 94,517     $ 103,682     $ 115,029  
 
                 
Income taxes paid
  $ 4,195     $ 7,599     $ 5,974  
 
                 
Supplemental noncash investing activities (in thousands):
During 2010, we recorded an adjustment to deconsolidate a venture and account for it under the equity method of accounting as a result of changing the structure of the venture in connection with a debt refinancing (Note 6). As a result of the deconsolidation, our Equity investment in real estate increased by $24.2 million. The following table shows the decreases in these accounts on the date of deconsolidation:
         
Assets:
       
Net investments in properties
  $ (58,743 )
Cash and cash equivalents
    (7 )
Intangible assets, net
    (13,473 )
Other assets, net
    (10,727 )
 
     
Total
  $ (82,950 )
 
     
 
       
Liabilities:
       
Non-recourse debt
  $ 32,670  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
    3  
Prepaid and deferred rental income and security deposits
    10,178  
 
     
Total
  $ 42,851  
 
     
 
       
Equity:
       
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  $ (3 )
Noncontrolling interests
    27,419  
 
     
Total
  $ 27,416  
 
     
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 55

 

 


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Business and Organization
Corporate Property Associates 15 Incorporated is a publicly owned, non-listed REIT that invests primarily in commercial properties leased to companies domestically and internationally. As a REIT, we are not subject to U.S. federal income taxation as long as we satisfy certain requirements, principally relating to the nature of our income, the level of our distributions and other factors. We earn revenue principally by leasing the properties we own to single corporate tenants, primarily on a triple-net leased basis, which requires the tenant to pay substantially all of the costs associated with operating and maintaining the property. Revenue is subject to fluctuation because of the timing of new lease transactions, lease terminations, lease expirations, contractual rent adjustments, tenant defaults and sales of properties. At December 31, 2010, our portfolio was comprised of our full or partial ownership interests in 347 properties, substantially all of which were triple-net leased to 78 tenants, and totaled approximately 30 million square feet (on a pro rata basis) with an occupancy rate of approximately 97% (occupancy rate and square footage are unaudited). We were formed in 2001 and are managed by the advisor.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements reflect all of our accounts, including those of our majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries. The portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us is presented as noncontrolling interests. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
In June 2009, the FASB issued amended guidance related to the consolidation of VIEs. The amended guidance affects the overall consolidation analysis, changing the approach taken by companies in identifying which entities are VIEs and in determining which party is the primary beneficiary, and requires an enterprise to qualitatively assess the determination of the primary beneficiary of a VIE based on whether the entity (i) has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE, and (ii) has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The amended guidance changes the consideration of kick-out rights in determining if an entity is a VIE, which may cause certain additional entities to now be considered VIEs. Additionally, the guidance requires an ongoing reconsideration of the primary beneficiary and provides a framework for the events that trigger a reassessment of whether an entity is a VIE. We adopted this amended guidance on January 1, 2010, which did not require consolidation of any additional VIEs, but we have disclosed the assets and liabilities related to a previously consolidated VIE, of which we are the primary beneficiary and which we consolidate, separately in our consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. The adoption of this amended guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.
In connection with the adoption of the amended guidance on the consolidation of VIEs, we performed an analysis of all of our subsidiary entities, including our venture entities with other parties, to determine whether they qualify as VIEs and whether they should be consolidated or accounted for as equity investments in an unconsolidated venture. As a result of our quantitative and qualitative assessment to determine whether these entities are VIEs, we identified one entity that was deemed to be a VIE as the third-party tenant that leases property from the entity has the right to repurchase the property during the term of their lease at a fixed price.
After making the determination that this entity was a VIE, we performed an assessment as to which party would be considered the primary beneficiary of the entity and would be required to consolidate the entity’s balance sheet and results of operations. This assessment was based upon which party (i) had the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) had the obligation to absorb the expected losses of or right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Based on our assessment, it was determined that we would continue to consolidate the VIE. Activities that we considered significant in our assessment included which entity had control over financing decisions, leasing decisions and ability to sell the entity’s assets.
Because we generally utilize non-recourse debt, our maximum exposure to the VIE is limited to the equity we have invested in the VIE. We have not provided financial or other support to the VIE, and there were no guarantees or other commitments from third parties that would affect the value of or risk related to our interest in the entity.
We have investments in tenant-in-common interests in various domestic and international properties. Consolidation of these investments is not required as they do not qualify as VIEs and do not meet the control requirement required for consolidation.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Accordingly, we account for these investments using the equity method of accounting. We use the equity method of accounting because the shared decision-making involved in a tenant-in-common interest investment creates an opportunity for us to have significant influence on the operating and financial decisions of these investments and thereby creates some responsibility by us for a return on our investment. Additionally, we own interests in single-tenant net leased properties leased to corporations through noncontrolling interests in partnerships and limited liability companies that we do not control but over which we exercise significant influences. We account for these investments under the equity method of accounting. At times the carrying value of our equity investments may fall to below zero for certain investments. We are obligated to fund future operating losses for these investments.
We have several interests in consolidated ventures that have noncontrolling interests with finite lives. As these are not considered to be mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests, we have reflected them as Noncontrolling interests in equity in the consolidated financial statements. The carrying value of these noncontrolling interests at December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $26.3 million and $31.8 million, respectively. The fair value of these noncontrolling interests at December 31, 2010 and 2009 was $22.6 million and $26.4 million, respectively.
Out-of-Period Adjustments
During the fourth quarter of 2010, we identified several errors in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2004 through 2009. As a result of these errors, net income was understated by $0.6 million, $0.4 million and $2.3 million during 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. These errors pertained to the misapplication of guidance for accounting for: a lease amendment transaction in an equity investment during 2007, certain foreign exchange gains and losses during 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, the impairments of two direct financing leases in 2009, and the allocation of purchase price of one of our properties in 2004. We concluded that these adjustments were not material to this or any of the prior period’s consolidated financial statements. As such, a cumulative correction was recorded in the statement of operations in the fourth quarter of 2010, rather than restating prior periods. This correction resulted in a net increase of $3.1 million to income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2010.
During the first quarter of 2010, we identified an error in the consolidated financial statements for the third and fourth quarters of 2009. This error related to the recognition of cash received on a note receivable of $0.3 million in both the third and fourth quarters of 2009. As a result of this error, net loss was understated by $0.6 million for the year ended 2009. We concluded this adjustment was not material to our results for the year ended December 31, 2009, and as such, this cumulative change was recorded in the statement of operations in the first quarter of 2010 as an out-of-period adjustment.
During the fourth quarter of 2009, we identified errors in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2002 through the third quarter of 2009. These errors related to foreign currency translation adjustment of amortization of intangible assets on two foreign investments aggregating $1.3 million over the period from 2002 to the third quarter of 2009, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $0.6 million. As a result of these errors, net income was understated by less than $0.1 million in 2002 and overstated by $0.1 million in 2003, 2004 and 2005, $0.2 million in 2006, $0.3 million in 2007, $0.4 million in 2008 and $0.2 million during the first three quarters of 2009. These amounts are inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of less than $0.1 million in 2003 and 2004; $0.1 million in 2005 — 2007, $0.2 million in 2008 and $0.1 million during the first three quarters of 2009. We concluded that these adjustments were not material to any prior period’s consolidated financial statements. As such, this cumulative charge was recorded in the statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2009, rather than restating prior periods.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of contingent amounts in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications and Revisions
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The consolidated financial statements included in this Report have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the disposition (or planned disposition) of certain properties as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Purchase Price Allocation
When we acquire properties accounted for as operating leases, we allocate the purchase costs to the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired based on their estimated fair values. We determine the value of the tangible assets, consisting of land and buildings, as if vacant, and record intangible assets, including the above-market and below-market value of leases, the value of in-place leases and the value of tenant relationships, at their relative estimated fair values. See Real Estate Leased to Others and Depreciation below for a discussion of our significant accounting policies related to tangible assets. We include the value of below-market leases in Prepaid and deferred rental income and security deposits in the consolidated financial statements.
We record above-market and below-market lease values for owned properties based on the present value (using an interest rate reflecting the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the leases negotiated and in place at the time of acquisition of the properties and (ii) our estimate of fair market lease rates for the property or equivalent property, both of which are measured over a period equal to the estimated market lease term. We amortize the capitalized above-market lease value as a reduction of rental income over the estimated market lease term. We amortize the capitalized below-market lease value as an increase to rental income over the initial term and any fixed-rate renewal periods in the respective leases.
We allocate the total amount of other intangibles to in-place lease values and tenant relationship intangible values based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and our overall relationship with each tenant. The characteristics we consider in allocating these values include estimated market rent, the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the tenant, the expectation of lease renewals, estimated carrying costs of the property if vacant and estimated costs to execute a new lease, among other factors. We determine these values using our estimates or by relying in part upon third-party appraisals. We amortize the capitalized value of in-place lease intangibles to expense over the remaining initial term of each lease. We amortize the capitalized value of tenant relationships to expense over the initial and expected renewal terms of the lease. No amortization period for intangibles will exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building.
If a lease is terminated, we charge the unamortized portion of each intangible, including above-market and below-market lease values, in-place lease values and tenant relationship values, to expense.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to cash and have a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Items classified as cash equivalents include commercial paper and money-market funds. Our cash and cash equivalents are held in the custody of several financial institutions, and these balances, at times, exceed federally insurable limits. We seek to mitigate this risk by depositing funds only with major financial institutions.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities, which consist of an interest in collateralized mortgage obligations (Note 8) and equity securities, are classified as available for sale securities and reported at fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses on these securities reported as a component of OCI until realized.
Other Assets and Other Liabilities
We include escrow balances and tenant security deposits held by lenders, restricted cash balances, accrued rents and interest receivable, common stock warrants and derivative instruments, marketable securities and deferred charges in Other assets. We include deferred rental income, derivative instruments and miscellaneous amounts held on behalf of tenants in Other liabilities. Deferred charges are costs incurred in connection with mortgage financings and refinancings that are amortized over the terms of the mortgages and included in Interest expense in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred rental income is the aggregate cumulative difference for operating leases between scheduled rents that vary during the lease term, and rent recognized on a straight-line basis.
Deferred Acquisition Fees Payable to Affiliate
Fees payable to the advisor for structuring and negotiating investments and related mortgage financing on our behalf are included in Due to affiliates. A portion of these fees is payable in equal annual installments each January of the three calendar years following the date on which a property was purchased. Payment of such fees is subject to the performance criterion (Note 3).
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Treasury Stock
Treasury stock is recorded at cost.
Real Estate Leased to Others
We lease real estate to others primarily on a triple-net leased basis, whereby the tenant is generally responsible for all operating expenses relating to the property, including property taxes, insurance, maintenance, repairs, renewals and improvements. We charge expenditures for maintenance and repairs, including routine betterments, to operations as incurred. We capitalize significant renovations that increase the useful life of the properties. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, although we are legally obligated for payment, pursuant to our lease agreements with our tenants, lessees were responsible for the direct payment to the taxing authorities of real estate taxes of approximately $30.0 million, $28.3 million and $28.9 million, respectively.
We diversify our real estate investments among various corporate tenants engaged in different industries, by property type and by geographic area. Substantially all of our leases provide for either scheduled rent increases, periodic rent adjustments based on formulas indexed to changes in the CPI or similar indices or percentage rents. CPI-based adjustments are contingent on future events and are therefore not included in straight-line rent calculations. We recognize rents from percentage rents as reported by the lessees, which is after the level of sales requiring a rental payment to us is reached.
We account for leases as operating or direct financing leases as described below:
Operating leases — We record real estate at cost less accumulated depreciation; we recognize future minimum rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases and charge expenses (including depreciation) to operations as incurred (Note 4).
Direct financing leases — We record leases accounted for under the direct financing method at their net investment (Note 5). We defer and amortize unearned income to income over the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on our net investment in the lease.
On an ongoing basis, we assess our ability to collect rent and other tenant-based receivables and determine an appropriate allowance for uncollected amounts. Because we have a limited number of lessees (16 lessees represented 67% of lease revenues during 2010), we believe that it is necessary to evaluate the collectability of these receivables based on the facts and circumstances of each situation rather than solely using statistical methods. Therefore, in recognizing our provision for uncollected rents and other tenant receivables, we evaluate actual past due amounts and make subjective judgments as to the collectability of those amounts based on factors including, but not limited to, our knowledge of a lessee’s circumstances, the age of the receivables, the tenant’s credit profile and prior experience with the tenant. Even if a lessee has been making payments, we may reserve for the entire receivable amount if we believe there has been significant or continuing deterioration in the lessee’s ability to meet its lease obligations.
Acquisition Costs
In accordance with the FASB’s revised guidance for business combinations, which we adopted on January 1, 2009, we immediately expense all acquisition costs and fees associated with transactions deemed to be business combinations, but we capitalize these costs for transactions deemed to be acquisitions of an asset. To the extent we make investments for our owned portfolio that are deemed to be business combinations, our results of operations will be negatively impacted by the immediate expensing of acquisition costs and fees incurred in accordance with the revised guidance, whereas in the past such costs and fees would generally have been capitalized and allocated to the cost basis of the acquisition. Subsequent to the acquisition, there will be a positive impact on our results of operations through a reduction in depreciation expense over the estimated life of the properties. Historically, we have not acquired investments that would be deemed business combinations under the revised guidance.
Depreciation
We compute depreciation of building and related improvements using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the properties or improvements, which range from 2 to 40 years. We compute depreciation of tenant improvements using the straight-line method over the lesser of the remaining term of the lease or the estimated useful life.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Impairments
On a quarterly basis, we assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our long-lived assets may be impaired or that their carrying value may not be recoverable. These impairment indicators include, but are not limited to, the vacancy of a property that is not subject to a lease; a lease default by a tenant that is experiencing financial difficulty; the termination of a lease by a tenant or the rejection of a lease in a bankruptcy proceeding. We may incur impairment charges on long-lived assets, including real estate, direct financing leases, assets held for sale and equity investments in real estate. We may also incur impairment charges on marketable securities. Our policies for evaluating whether these assets are impaired are presented below.
Real Estate
For real estate assets in which an impairment indicator is identified, we follow a two-step process to determine whether an asset is impaired and to determine the amount of the charge. First, we compare the carrying value of the property to the future net undiscounted cash flow that we expect the property will generate, including any estimated proceeds from the eventual sale of the property. The undiscounted cash flow analysis requires us to make our best estimate of market rents, residual values and holding periods. Depending on the assumptions made and estimates used, the future cash flow projected in the evaluation of long-lived assets can vary within a range of outcomes. We consider the likelihood of possible outcomes in determining the best possible estimate of future cash flows. If the future net undiscounted cash flow of the property is less than the carrying value, the property is considered to be impaired. We then measure the loss as the excess of the carrying value of the property over its estimated fair value.
Direct Financing Leases
We review our direct financing leases at least annually to determine whether there has been an other-than-temporary decline in the current estimate of residual value of the property. The residual value is our estimate of what we could realize upon the sale of the property at the end of the lease term, based on market information. If this review indicates that a decline in residual value has occurred that is other-than-temporary, we recognize an impairment charge and revise the accounting for the direct financing lease to reflect a portion of the future cash flow from the lessee as a return of principal rather than as revenue. While we evaluate direct financing leases if there are any indicators that the residual value may be impaired, the evaluation of a direct financing lease can be affected by changes in projected long-term market conditions even though the obligations of the lessee are being met.
Assets Held for Sale
We classify real estate assets that are accounted for as operating leases as held for sale when we have entered into a contract to sell the property, all material due diligence requirements have been satisfied and we believe it is probable that the disposition will occur within one year. When we classify an asset as held for sale, we calculate its estimated fair value as the expected sale price, less expected selling costs. We then compare the asset’s estimated fair value to its carrying value, and if the estimated fair value is less than the property’s carrying value, we reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. We will continue to review the property for subsequent changes in the estimated fair value and may recognize an additional impairment charge if warranted.
Equity Investments in Real Estate
We evaluate our equity investments in real estate on a periodic basis to determine if there are any indicators that the value of our equity investment may be impaired and whether or not that impairment is other-than-temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, we measure the charge as the excess of the carrying value of our investment over its estimated fair value, which is determined by multiplying the estimated fair value of the underlying venture’s net assets by our ownership interest percentage.
Marketable Securities
We evaluate our marketable securities for impairment if a decline in estimated fair value below cost basis is considered other-than-temporary. In determining whether the decline is other-than-temporary, we consider the underlying cause of the decline in value, the estimated recovery period, the severity and duration of the decline, as well as whether we plan to sell the security or will more likely than not be required to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis. If we determine that the decline is other-than-temporary, we record an impairment charge to reduce our cost basis to the estimated fair value of the security. Beginning in 2009, the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in earnings while the non-credit component is recognized in OCI. Prior to 2009, all portions of other-than-temporary impairments were recorded in earnings.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Assets Held for Sale
We classify assets that are accounted for as operating leases as held for sale when we have entered into a contract to sell the property, all material due diligence requirements have been satisfied and we believe it is probable that the disposition will occur within one year. Assets held for sale are recorded at the lower of carrying value or estimated fair value, which is generally calculated as the expected sale price, less expected selling costs. The results of operations and the related gain or loss on sale of properties that have been sold or that are classified as held for sale are included in discontinued operations (Note 17).
If circumstances arise that we previously considered unlikely and, as a result, we decide not to sell a property previously classified as held for sale, we reclassify the property as held and used. We record a property that is reclassified as held and used at the lower of (i) its carrying amount before the property was classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the property been continuously classified as held and used or (ii) the estimated fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.
We recognize gains and losses on the sale of properties when, among other criteria, the parties are bound by the terms of the contract, all consideration has been exchanged and all conditions precedent to closing have been performed. At the time the sale is consummated, a gain or loss is recognized as the difference between the sale price, less any selling costs, and the carrying value of the property.
Foreign Currency Translation
We have interests in real estate investments in the European Union for which the functional currencies are the Euro and the British Pound Sterling. We perform the translation from these local currencies to the U.S. dollar for assets and liabilities using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using a weighted average exchange rate during the period. We report the gains and losses resulting from such translation as a component of OCI in equity. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment (loss) gain was ($2.7) million and $8.4 million, respectively.
Foreign currency transactions may produce receivables or payables that are fixed in terms of the amount of foreign currency that will be received or paid. A change in the exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which a transaction is denominated increases or decreases the expected amount of functional currency cash flows upon settlement of that transaction. That increase or decrease in the expected functional currency cash flows is an unrealized foreign currency transaction gain or loss that generally will be included in determining net income for the period in which the exchange rate changes. Likewise, a transaction gain or loss (measured from the transaction date or the most recent intervening balance sheet date, whichever is later), realized upon settlement of a foreign currency transaction generally will be included in net income for the period in which the transaction is settled. Foreign currency transactions that are (i) designated as, and are effective as, economic hedges of a net investment and (ii) inter-company foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term nature (that is, settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future), when the entities to the transactions are consolidated or accounted for by the equity method in our financial statements are not included in determining net income but are accounted for in the same manner as foreign currency translation adjustments and reported as a component of OCI in equity. International equity investments in real estate were funded in part through subordinated intercompany debt.
Foreign currency intercompany transactions that are scheduled for settlement, consisting primarily of accrued interest and the translation to the reporting currency of subordinated intercompany debt with scheduled principal payments, are included in the determination of net income. We recognized unrealized gains from such transactions of $0.6 million, unrealized gains of $1.0 million and unrealized losses of $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recognized realized losses of $0.9 million, less than $0.1 million and realized gains of $6.4 million, respectively, on foreign currency transactions in connection with the transfer of cash from foreign operations of subsidiaries to the parent company.
Derivative Instruments
We measure derivative instruments at fair value and record them as assets or liabilities, depending on our rights or obligations under the applicable derivative contract. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. If a derivative is designated as a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative will either be offset against the change in fair value of the hedged asset, liability, or firm commitment through earnings, or recognized in OCI until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. For cash flow hedges, the ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value will be immediately recognized in earnings.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Income Taxes
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required, among other things, to distribute at least 90% of our REIT net taxable income to our shareholders and meet certain tests regarding the nature of our income and assets. As a REIT, we are not subject to federal income tax with respect to the portion of our income that meets certain criteria and is distributed annually to shareholders. Accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes is included in the consolidated financial statements with respect to these operations. We believe we have operated, and we intend to continue to operate, in a manner that allows us to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT.
We conduct business in various states and municipalities within the U.S. and the European Union and, as a result, we or one or more of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and certain foreign jurisdictions. As a result, we are subject to certain foreign, state and local taxes and a provision for such taxes is included in the consolidated financial statements.
Significant judgment is required in determining our tax provision and in evaluating our tax positions. We establish tax reserves based on a benefit recognition model, which we believe could result in a greater amount of benefit (and a lower amount of reserve) being initially recognized in certain circumstances. Provided that the tax position is deemed more likely than not of being sustained, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. We derecognize the tax position when it is no longer more likely than not of being sustained.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
We have a simple equity capital structure with only common stock outstanding. As a result, earnings (loss) per share, as presented, represents both basic and dilutive per share amounts for all periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Note 3. Agreements and Transactions with Related Parties
We have an advisory agreement with the advisor whereby the advisor performs certain services for us for a fee. The agreement that is currently in effect was recently renewed for an additional year pursuant to its terms effective October 1, 2010. Under the terms of this agreement, the advisor manages our day-to-day operations, for which we pay the advisor asset management and performance fees, and structures and negotiates the purchase and sale of investments and debt placement transactions for us, for which we pay the advisor structuring and subordinated disposition fees. In addition, we reimburse the advisor for certain administrative duties performed on our behalf. We also have certain agreements with joint ventures. These transactions are described below.
Asset Management and Performance Fees
We pay the advisor asset management and performance fees, each of which are 1/2 of 1% per annum of our average invested assets and are computed as provided for in the advisory agreement. The performance fees are subordinated to the performance criterion, a cumulative rate of cash flow from operations of 6% per annum. The asset management and performance fees are payable in cash or restricted shares of our common stock at the advisor’s option. If the advisor elects to receive all or a portion of its fees in restricted shares, the number of restricted shares issued is determined by dividing the dollar amount of fees by our most recently published NAV per share as approved by our board of directors. For 2010, 2009 and 2008, the advisor elected to receive its asset management fees in cash. For 2010 and 2009, the advisor elected to receive 80% of its performance fees from us in restricted shares, with the remaining 20% payable in cash. For 2008, the advisor elected to receive its performance fees in restricted shares. We incurred base asset management fees of $13.8 million, $14.4 million and $15.9 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, with performance fees in like amounts, both of which are included in Property expenses in the consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2010, the advisor owned 9,163,550 shares (7.1%) of our common stock.
Transaction Fees
We also pay the advisor acquisition fees for structuring and negotiating investments and related mortgage financing on our behalf. Acquisition fees average 4.5% or less of the aggregate costs of investments acquired and are comprised of a current portion of 2.5%, which is paid at the date the property is purchased, and a deferred portion of 2%, which is payable in equal annual installments each January of the three calendar years following the date on which a property was purchased, subject to satisfaction of the 6% performance criterion. Interest on unpaid installments is 6% per year. We did not incur any current or deferred acquisition fees during 2010. During 2009 and 2008, we incurred current acquisition fees of $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and deferred acquisition fees of $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Unpaid installments of deferred acquisition fees totaled $3.7 million and $7.2 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and are included in Due to affiliates in the consolidated financial statements. We paid annual deferred acquisition fee installments of $3.5 million, $6.9 million and $8.4 million in cash to the advisor in January 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We also pay the advisor mortgage refinancing fees, which totaled $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.3 million in 2010 and 2009 and 2008, respectively.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
We also pay fees to the advisor for services provided to us in connection with the disposition of investments. These fees, which are subordinated to the performance criterion and certain other provisions included in the advisory agreement, are deferred and are payable to the advisor only in connection with a liquidity event. Subordinated disposition fees totaled $7.2 million and $6.2 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Other Expenses
We reimburse the advisor for various expenses it incurs in the course of providing services to us. We reimburse certain third-party expenses paid by the advisor on our behalf including property-specific costs, professional fees, office expenses and business development expenses. In addition, we reimburse the advisor for the allocated costs of personnel and overhead in providing management of our day-to-day operations, including accounting services, shareholder services, corporate management, and property management and operations. We do not reimburse the advisor for the cost of personnel if these personnel provide services for transactions for which the advisor receives a transaction fee, such as acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings. We incurred personnel reimbursements of $3.4 million, $3.1 million and $3.3 million during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, which are included in General and administrative expenses in the consolidated financial statements.
The advisor is obligated to reimburse us for the amount by which our operating expenses exceed the 2%/25% guidelines (the greater of 2% of average invested assets or 25% of net income) as defined in the advisory agreement for any twelve-month period. If in any year our operating expenses exceed the 2%/25% guidelines, the advisor will have an obligation to reimburse us for such excess, subject to certain conditions. If our independent directors find that the excess expenses were justified based on any unusual and nonrecurring factors that they deem sufficient, the advisor may be paid in future years for the full amount or any portion of such excess expenses, but only to the extent that the reimbursement would not cause our operating expenses to exceed this limit in any such year. We will record any reimbursement of operating expenses as a liability until any contingencies are resolved and will record the reimbursement as a reduction of asset management and performance fees at such time that a reimbursement is fixed, determinable and irrevocable. Our operating expenses have not exceeded the amount that would require the advisor to reimburse us.
Joint Ventures and Other Transactions with Affiliates
Together with certain affiliates, we participate in an entity that leases office space used for the administration of real estate entities. This entity does not have any significant assets, liabilities or operations other than its interest in the office lease. Under the terms of an office cost-sharing agreement among the participants in this entity, rental, occupancy and leasehold improvement costs are allocated among the participants based on gross revenues and are adjusted quarterly. Our share of expenses incurred was $0.8 million, $0.8 million and $0.9 million during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Based on gross revenues through December 31, 2010, our current share of future annual minimum lease payments under this agreement would be $0.7 million annually through 2016.
We own interests in entities ranging from 30% to 75%, as well as jointly-controlled tenant-in-common interests in properties, with the remaining interests generally held by affiliates. We consolidate certain of these investments (Note 2) and account for the remainder under the equity method of accounting (Note 6).
In December 2007, we loaned $7.6 million to our advisor to fund the advisor’s acquisition of certain tenant-in-common interests in Europe. The loan represented the advisor’s share of funds from two ventures in which we and the advisor hold 54% and 46% interests, respectively, which we consolidate. The loan was repaid with interest in March 2008. We recognized interest income of $0.1 million during 2008 in connection with this loan.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4. Net Investments in Properties
Net Investments in Properties
Net investments in properties, which consists of land and buildings leased to others under operating leases, is summarized as follows (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Land
  $ 461,495     $ 521,308  
Building
    1,629,885       1,746,151  
Less: Accumulated depreciation
    (298,531 )     (281,854 )
 
           
 
  $ 1,792,849     $ 1,985,605  
 
           
We did not acquire any real estate assets during 2010. Assets disposed of during the current year period are discussed in Note 17. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2010, we deconsolidated a venture and recorded it under the equity method of accounting as a tenancy-in-common, which resulted in a decrease of $58.7 million. The U.S. dollar strengthened against the Euro, as the end-of-period rate for the U.S. dollar in relation to the Euro at December 31, 2010 decreased by 8% to $1.3253 from $1.4333 at December 31, 2009. The impact of this strengthening was a $52.1 million decrease in net investments in properties at December 31, 2010 compared to December 31, 2009.
See Note 11 for a discussion of impairment charges incurred during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Scheduled Future Minimum Rents
Scheduled future minimum rents, exclusive of renewals and expenses paid by tenants, percentage of sales rents and future CPI-based increases under non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2010 are as follows (in thousands):
         
Years ending December 31,        
2011
  $ 220,076  
2012
    215,120  
2013
    215,386  
2014
    207,757  
2015
    186,437  
Thereafter through 2037
    1,197,910  
There was no percentage rent revenue for operating leases in 2010, 2009 and 2008.
Note 5. Finance Receivables
Assets representing rights to receive money on demand or at fixed or determinable dates are referred to as finance receivables. Our finance receivable portfolio consists of direct financing leases. Operating leases are not included in finance receivables as such amounts are not recognized as an asset in the consolidated balance sheets.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Net Investment in Direct Financing Leases
Net investment in direct financing leases is summarized as follows (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Minimum lease payments receivable
  $ 493,788     $ 595,936  
Unguaranteed residual value
    248,320       286,478  
 
           
 
    742,108       882,414  
Less: unearned income
    (418,942 )     (509,778 )
 
           
 
  $ 323,166     $ 372,636  
 
           
Dispositions of Net Investments in Direct Financing Leases
2010 — In December 2010, we sold our net investment in three direct financing leases for a total price of $35.2 million, net of selling costs, and recognized a net gain on the sales of $15.6 million. In July 2010, we repaid the non-recourse mortgage loans encumbering two of these properties, which had an outstanding balance of $9.4 million. The remaining property was encumbered by non-recourse mortgage debt of $4.0 million, which was paid off at closing. All amounts are inclusive of affiliates’ noncontrolling interests in the properties.
2009 — In April 2009, Shires Limited filed for bankruptcy and subsequently vacated four of the six properties it leased from us in the United Kingdom and Ireland. As a result, beginning in July 2009, we suspended debt service payments on the related non-recourse mortgage loan and used proceeds of $3.6 million drawn from a letter of credit provided by Shires Limited to prepay a portion of the mortgage loan. In September 2009, we sold one of the properties to a third party for $1.0 million and recognized a loss on the sale of $2.1 million. We used the sale proceeds to prepay a further portion of the outstanding mortgage loan balance. In October 2009, we returned the remaining five properties to the lender in exchange for the lenders’ agreement to relieve us of all obligations under the related non-recourse mortgage loan. These five properties and related mortgage loan had carrying values of $13.7 million and $13.4 million, respectively, at the date of disposition, excluding impairment charges totaling $19.6 million recognized during 2009 (Note 11). We recognized gains on disposition of real estate and extinguishment of debt of $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in 2009 in connection with the disposition of these properties. Included in the gain on extinguishment of debt of $1.0 million is the recognition of a gain of $1.4 million related to the write off an interest rate swap related to the debt (Note 10).
In addition, during 2009, we sold two properties that were accounted for as net investments in direct financing leases to third parties for $4.4 million, net of selling costs, and recognized a net loss of less than $0.1 million on the sales, excluding impairment charges totaling $1.5 million recognized during 2009 (Note 11).
During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, in connection with our annual reviews of our estimated residual values of our properties, we recorded impairment charges related to several direct financing leases totaling $13.7 million, $27.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Impairment charges relate primarily to other-than-temporary declines in the estimated residual values of the underlying properties due to market conditions (see Note 11). At December 31, 2010 and 2009, Other assets, net included $1.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of accounts receivable related to amounts billed under these direct financing leases.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Scheduled Future Minimum Rents
Scheduled future minimum rents, exclusive of renewals and expenses paid by tenants, percentage of sales rents and future CPI-based adjustments, under non-cancelable direct financing leases at December 31, 2010 are as follows (in thousands):
         
Years ending December 31,        
2011
  $ 34,576  
2012
    34,608  
2013
    32,761  
2014
    32,484  
2015
    32,489  
Thereafter through 2033
    326,870  
Percentage rent revenue for direct financing leases was $1.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Credit Quality of Finance Receivables
We generally seek investments in facilities that we believe are critical to the tenant’s business and that we believe have a low risk of tenant defaults. At December 31, 2010, none of the balances of our finance receivables were past due and we had not established any allowances for credit losses. Additionally, there have been no modifications of finance receivables. We evaluate the credit quality of our tenant receivables utilizing an internal 5-point credit rating scale, with 1 representing the highest credit quality and 5 representing the lowest. The credit quality evaluation of our tenant receivables was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2010.
A summary of our finance receivables by internal credit quality rating at December 31, 2010 is as follows (in thousands):
                 
            Net Investment in  
Internal Credit           Direct Financing  
Quality Indicator   Number of Tenants     Leases  
1
    2     $ 36,605  
2
    8       58,653  
3
    5       214,908  
4
    3       13,000  
5
    0        
 
             
 
          $ 323,166  
 
             
Note 6. Equity Investments in Real Estate
We own interests in single-tenant net leased properties leased to corporations through noncontrolling interests in (i) partnerships and limited liability companies that we do not control but over which we exercise significant influence, and (ii) as tenants-in-common subject to common control. Generally, the underlying investments are jointly owned with affiliates. We account for these investments under the equity method of accounting (i.e., at cost, increased or decreased by our share of earnings or losses, less distributions, plus contributions and other adjustments required by equity method accounting, such as basis differences from other-than-temporary impairments).
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table sets forth our ownership interests in our equity investments in real estate and their respective carrying values (dollars in thousands):
                         
    Ownership Interest at     Carrying Value at December 31,  
Lessee   December 31, 2010     2010     2009  
Marriott International, Inc.
    47 %   $ 65,081     $ 66,813  
Schuler A.G. (a) (b)
    34 %     42,365       46,031  
Hellweg Die Profi-Baumarkte GmbH & Co. KG (a)
    38 %     16,104       18,306  
Advanced Micro Devices (c)
    33 %     15,296        
Hologic, Inc.
    64 %     8,391       8,424  
PETsMART, Inc.
    30 %     8,241       8,689  
The Upper Deck Company (d)
    50 %     6,656       11,527  
Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH and Wagon Automotive Nagold GmbH (a)
    33 %     6,214       5,825  
The Talaria Company (Hinckley) (e)
    30 %     5,568       7,809  
Del Monte Corporation
    50 %     5,481       6,343  
Builders FirstSource, Inc.
    40 %     1,568       1,592  
SaarOTEC (formerly Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co.) and Goertz & Schiele Corp. (a) (f)
    50 %     35       412  
 
                   
 
          $ 181,000     $ 181,771  
 
                   
 
     
(a)   The carrying value of the investment is affected by the impact of fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Euro.
 
(b)   During the third quarter of 2010, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $1.5 million to reduce the carrying value of this venture to its estimated fair value (Note 11).
 
(c)   In connection with a debt refinancing in August 2010, the structure of this venture was modified and is subsequently being accounted for as a tenancy-in-common. Therefore, during the third quarter of 2010, we recorded an adjustment to deconsolidate this venture and account for it under the equity method of accounting. We recognized a gain of $11.5 million in connection with this deconsolidation.
 
(d)   During the third quarter of 2010, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $4.8 million to reduce the carrying value of this venture to its estimated fair value (Note 11).
 
(e)   During the first quarter of 2010, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0.6 million in connection with a potential sale of this property (Note 11). Additionally, during the third quarter of 2010, we recognized a reduction in equity income of $2.5 million from this venture representing our portion of an impairment charge of $8.0 million recognized on the property.
 
(f)   Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. filed for bankruptcy in November 2008 and Goertz & Schiele Corp. filed for bankruptcy in September 2009. In January 2010, Goertz & Schiele Corp. terminated its lease in its bankruptcy proceedings and following possession by the receiver during January 2010, the subsidiary was deconsolidated during the first quarter of 2010. In March 2010, SaarOTEC, a successor tenant to Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co., signed a new lease with the venture at a significantly reduced rent. During the third quarter of 2010, we recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0.2 million to reduce the carrying value of this venture to its estimated fair value (Note 11).
As discussed in Note 2, we adopted the FASB’s amended guidance on the consolidation of VIEs effective January 1, 2010. Upon adoption of the amended guidance, we re-evaluated our existing interests in unconsolidated entities and determined that we should continue to account for our interests in the Hellweg and SaarOTEC (formerly Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co.) ventures using the equity method of accounting primarily because our partners in each of these ventures has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, including disposal rights of the property. Carrying amounts related to these VIEs are noted in the table above. Because we generally utilize non-recourse debt, our maximum exposure to either VIE is limited to the equity we have in each VIE. We have not provided financial or other support to either VIE and there are no guarantees or other commitments from third parties that would affect the value of or risk related to our interest in such entities.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following tables present combined summarized financial information of our venture properties. Amounts provided are the total amounts attributable to the venture properties and do not represent our proportionate share (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Assets
  $ 979,051     $ 1,283,688  
Liabilities
    (606,385 )     (601,457 )
 
           
Partners’ and members’ equity
  $ 372,666     $ 682,231  
 
           
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Revenue
  $ 115,246     $ 118,713     $ 116,064  
Expenses
    (53,385 )     (59,002 )     (56,847 )
Impairment charges (a)
    (8,238 )     (34,157 )      
 
                 
Net income
  $ 53,623     $ 25,554     $ 59,217  
 
                 
 
     
(a)   Represents impairment charges incurred by several ventures to reduce the carrying values of net investments in properties to their estimated fair values and to reflect declines in the estimated residual values of net investments in direct financing leases. See Note 11 for a discussion of other-than-temporary impairment charges incurred on our equity investments in real estate during 2010 and 2009. Other-than-temporary impairment charges on equity investments in real estate are calculated using a different method than impairment charges related to net investments in properties and net investments in direct financing leases. See Impairments in Note 2 for an explanation of each method.
We recognized income from these equity investments in real estate of $7.9 million, $4.0 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Income from equity investments in real estate represents our proportionate share of the income or losses of these ventures as well as certain depreciation and amortization adjustments related to purchase accounting and other-than-temporary impairment charges.
Note 7. Intangibles
In connection with our acquisition of properties, we have recorded net lease intangibles of $271.2 million, which are being amortized over periods ranging from 8 to 40 years. In-place lease, tenant relationship and above-market rent intangibles are included in Intangible assets, net in the consolidated financial statements. Below-market rent intangibles are included in Prepaid and deferred rental income and security deposits in the consolidated financial statements.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Intangibles are summarized as follows (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Lease intangibles
               
In-place lease
  $ 179,191     $ 192,735  
Tenant relationship
    30,305       32,801  
Above-market rent
    77,336       100,600  
Less: accumulated amortization
    (123,222 )     (114,402 )
 
           
 
  $ 163,610     $ 211,734  
 
           
 
               
Below-market rent
  $ (15,609 )   $ (19,793 )
Less: accumulated amortization
    3,255       3,803  
 
           
 
  $ (12,354 )   $ (15,990 )
 
           
Net amortization of intangibles, including the effect of foreign currency translation, was $22.5 million, $22.6 million and $23.1 million for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Amortization of below-market and above-market rent intangibles is recorded as an adjustment to lease revenues, while amortization of in-place lease and tenant relationship intangibles is included in Depreciation and amortization. Based on the intangibles recorded at December 31, 2010, scheduled annual net amortization of intangibles for each of the next five years is expected to be $19.2 million in 2011, $18.8 million in 2012, $18.6 million in 2013, $18.1 million in 2014 and $15.2 million in 2015.
Note 8. Interest in Mortgage Loan Securitization
We account for our subordinated interest in the CCMT mortgage securitization as an available-for-sale security, which is measured at fair value with all gains and losses from changes in fair value reported as a component of OCI as part of equity. The following table sets forth certain information regarding our interest in CCMT (in thousands):
                 
    Fair Value at December 31,  
Certificate Class   2010     2009  
Class IO
  $ 203     $ 640  
Class E
    10,236       9,090  
 
           
 
  $ 10,439     $ 9,730  
 
           
                 
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Aggregate unrealized gain (loss)
  $ 413     $ (345 )
 
           
Cumulative net amortization
  $ 1,973     $ 1,924  
 
           
We use a discounted cash flow model with assumptions of market credit spreads and the credit quality of the underlying lessees to determine the fair value of our interest in CCMT. One key variable in determining the fair value of our subordinated interest in CCMT is current interest rates. The following table presents a sensitivity analysis of the fair value of our interest at December 31, 2010 based on adverse changes in market interest rates of 1% and 2% (in thousands):
                         
    Fair value as of     1% adverse     2% adverse  
    December 31, 2010     change     change  
Fair value of our interest in CCMT
  $ 10,439     $ 10,285     $ 10,132  
The above sensitivity analysis is hypothetical, and changes in fair value, based on a 1% or 2% variation, should not be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not always be linear.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 9. Fair Value Measurements
Under current authoritative accounting guidance for fair value measurements, the fair value of an asset is defined as the exit price, which is the amount that would either be received when an asset is sold or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers are: Level 1, for which quoted market prices for identical instruments are available in active markets, such as money market funds, equity securities and U.S. Treasury securities; Level 2, for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the instrument, such as certain derivative instruments including interest rate caps and swaps; and Level 3, for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring us to develop our own assumptions, such as certain securities.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:
Money Market Funds— Our money market funds consisted of government securities and treasury bills. These funds were classified as Level 1 as we used quoted prices from active markets to determine their fair values.
Derivative Liabilities — Our derivative liabilities are comprised of interest rate swaps. These derivative instruments were measured at fair value using readily observable market inputs, such as quotations on interest rates. Our derivative instruments were classified as Level 2 as these instruments are custom, over-the-counter contracts with various bank counterparties that are not traded in an active market.
Other Securities and Derivative Assets — Our other securities are comprised of our interest in a commercial mortgage loan securitization and our investments in equity units in Rave Reviews Cinemas. Our derivative assets consisted of stock warrants that were granted to us by lessees in connection with structuring initial lease transactions. These assets are not traded in an active market. We estimated the fair value of these assets using internal valuation models that incorporate market inputs and our own assumptions about future cash flows. We classified these assets as Level 3.
The following tables set forth our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
                                 
            Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2010 Using:  
            Quoted Prices in              
            Active Markets for     Significant Other     Unobservable  
            Identical Assets     Observable Inputs     Inputs  
Description   Total     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Assets:
                               
Money market funds
  $ 51,229     $ 51,229     $     $  
Other securities
    10,513                   10,513  
Derivative assets
    1,960                   1,960  
 
                       
 
  $ 63,702     $ 51,229     $     $ 12,473  
 
                       
Liabilities:
                               
Derivative liabilities
  $ (10,378 )   $     $ (10,378 )   $  
 
                       
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
                                 
            Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2009 Using:  
            Quoted Prices in              
            Active Markets for     Significant Other     Unobservable  
            Identical Assets     Observable Inputs     Inputs  
Description   Total     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Assets:
                               
Money market funds
  $ 36,652     $ 36,652     $     $  
Other securities
    9,865                   9,865  
Derivative assets
    2,380             580       1,800  
 
                       
 
  $ 48,897     $ 36,652     $ 580     $ 11,665  
 
                       
Liabilities:
                               
Derivative liabilities
  $ (8,396 )   $     $ (8,396 )   $  
 
                       
Assets and liabilities presented above exclude assets and liabilities owned by unconsolidated ventures.
                                                 
    Fair Value Measurements Using  
    Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3 only)  
    Year ended December 31, 2010     Year ended December 31, 2009  
    Other     Derivative     Total     Other     Derivative     Total  
    Securities     Assets     Assets     Securities     Assets     Assets  
Beginning balance
  $ 9,865     $ 1,800     $ 11,665     $ 9,188     $ 1,300     $ 10,488  
Total gains or losses (realized and unrealized):
                                               
Included in earnings
    (60 )     160       100       43       511       554  
Included in other comprehensive income
    758             758       925             925  
Amortization and accretion
    (50 )             (50 )     (291 )             (291 )
Settlements
                            (11 )     (11 )
 
                                   
Ending balance
  $ 10,513     $ 1,960     $ 12,473     $ 9,865     $ 1,800     $ 11,665  
 
                                   
 
                                               
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date
  $ (60 )   $ 160     $ 100     $ 43     $ 500     $ 543  
 
                                   
We did not have any transfers into or out of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 measurements during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. Gains and losses (realized and unrealized) included in earnings are reported in Other income and (expenses) in the consolidated financial statements.
Our other financial instruments had the following carrying values and fair values as of the dates shown (in thousands):
                                 
    December 31, 2010     December 31, 2009  
    Carrying Value     Fair Value     Carrying Value     Fair Value  
Non-recourse debt
  $ 1,494,600     $ 1,479,740     $ 1,678,929     $ 1,616,587  
We determine the estimated fair value of our debt instruments using a discounted cash flow model with rates that take into account the credit of the tenants and interest rate risk. We estimate that our other financial assets and liabilities (excluding net investment in direct financing leases) had fair values that approximated their carrying values at both December 31, 2010 and 2009.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
We perform an assessment, when required, of the value of certain of our real estate investments in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance. As part of that assessment, we determined the valuation of these assets using widely accepted valuation techniques, including expected discounted cash flows or an income capitalization approach, which considers prevailing market capitalization rates. We reviewed each investment based on the highest and best use of the investment and market participation assumptions. We determined that the significant inputs used to value these investments fall within Level 3. We calculated the impairment charges recorded during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 based on market conditions and assumptions that existed at the time. The valuation of real estate is subject to significant judgment and actual results may differ materially if market conditions or the underlying assumptions change.
The following table presents information about our nonfinancial assets that were measured on a fair value basis for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. For additional information regarding these impairment charges, refer to Note 11 for impairment charges from continuing operations and Note 17 for impairment changes from discontinued operations. All of the impairment charges were measured using unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):
                                                 
    Year ended December 31, 2010     Year ended December 31, 2009     Year ended December 31, 2008  
    Total Fair     Total     Total Fair     Total     Total Fair     Total  
    Value     Impairment     Value     Impairment     Value     Impairment  
    Measurements     Charges     Measurements     Charges     Measurements     Charges  
Impairment Charges From Continuing Operations:
                                               
Net investments in properties
  $ 20,041     $ 3,992     $ 57,814     $ 21,512     $     $  
Net investments in direct financing leases
    28,489       13,708       56,587       27,001       75,377       1,330  
Equity investments in real estate
    60,206       7,150       16,685       10,284       15,544       1,310  
Intangible assets
    529       152       2,287       33              
 
                                   
 
  $ 109,265     $ 25,002     $ 133,373     $ 58,830     $ 90,921     $ 2,640  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Impairment Charges From Discontinued Operations:
                                               
Net investments in properties
  $ 739     $ 324     $ 7,799     $ 7,799     $ 33,555     $ 39,411  
Intangible assets
                888       70              
Intangible liabilities
                (901 )     (71 )            
 
                                   
 
  $ 739     $ 324     $ 7,786     $ 7,798     $ 33,555     $ 39,411  
 
                                   
Note 10. Risk Management and Use of Derivative Financial Instruments
Risk Management
In the normal course of our ongoing business operations, we encounter economic risk. There are three main components of economic risk: interest rate risk, credit risk and market risk. We are subject to interest rate risk on our interest-bearing liabilities. Credit risk is the risk of default on our operations and tenants’ inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments. Market risk includes changes in the value of our properties and related loans as well as changes in the value of our other securities due to changes in interest rates or other market factors. In addition, we own investments in the European Union and are subject to the risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates.
Foreign Currency Exchange
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate movements, primarily in the Euro and, to a lesser extent, the British Pound Sterling. We manage foreign currency exchange rate movements by generally placing both our debt obligation to the lender and the tenant’s rental obligation to us in the same currency, but we are subject to foreign currency exchange rate movements to the extent of the difference in the timing and amount of the rental obligation and the debt service. We also face challenges with repatriating cash from our foreign investments. We may encounter instances where it is difficult to repatriate cash because of jurisdictional restrictions or because repatriating cash may result in current or future tax liabilities. Realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings related to foreign currency transactions are included in Other income and (expenses) in the consolidated financial statements.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Use of Derivative Financial Instruments
When we use derivative instruments, it is generally to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. We have not entered, and do not plan to enter into, financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. In addition to derivative instruments that we enter into on our own behalf, we may also be a party to derivative instruments that are embedded in other contracts, and we may own common stock warrants, granted to us by lessees when structuring lease transactions, that are considered to be derivative instruments. The primary risks related to our use of derivative instruments are that a counterparty to a hedging arrangement could default on its obligation or that the credit quality of the counterparty may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction. While we seek to mitigate these risks by entering into hedging arrangements with counterparties that are large financial institutions that we deem to be creditworthy, it is possible that our hedging transactions, which are intended to limit losses, could adversely affect our earnings. Furthermore, if we terminate a hedging arrangement, we may be obligated to pay certain costs, such as transaction or breakage fees. We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instrument activities.
We measure derivative instruments at fair value and record them as assets or liabilities, depending on our rights or obligations under the applicable derivative contract. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. If a derivative is designated as a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative will either be offset against the change in fair value of the hedged asset, liability, or firm commitment through earnings or recognized in OCI until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. For cash flow hedges, the ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value will be immediately recognized in earnings.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our derivative instruments at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
                                     
Derivatives designated as   Balance Sheet   Asset Derivatives Fair Value at     Liability Derivatives Fair Value at  
hedging instruments   Location   December 31, 2010     December 31, 2009     December 31, 2010     December 31, 2009  
Interest rate cap
  Other assets, net   $     $ 1     $     $  
Interest rate swaps
  Other assets, net           579              
Interest rate swaps
  Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities                 (10,378 )     (8,396 )
 
                           
 
              580       (10,378 )     (8,396 )
 
                           
Derivatives not designated
as hedging instruments
                                   
Stock warrants
  Other assets, net     1,960       1,800              
 
                           
 
                                   
Total derivatives
      $ 1,960     $ 2,380     $ (10,378 )   $ (8,396 )
 
                           
The following tables present the impact of derivative instruments on the consolidated financial statements (in thousands):
                         
    Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in  
    OCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)  
    Years ended December 31,  
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships   2010     2009     2008  
Interest rate cap
  $ (27 )   $ (4 )   $ (38 )
Interest rate swaps (a) (b)
    2,868       (1,859 )     (15,138 )
 
                 
Total
  $ 2,841     $ (1,863 )   $ (15,176 )
 
                 
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
                             
        Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives  
        (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded  
        from Effectiveness Testing)  
Derivatives in Cash Flow   Location of Gain (Loss)   Years ended December 31,  
Hedging Relationships   Recognized in Income   2010     2009     2008  
Interest rate swap (c) (d)
  Other income and (expenses)   $     $ 1,384     $ 1,076  
Interest rate swap (e)
  Interest expense           (1,149 )      
Interest rate cap
  Interest expense           8        
 
                     
Total
      $     $ 243     $ 1,076  
 
                     
 
     
(a)   For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, unrealized gains of $1.0 million and $0.6 million, and unrealized losses of $3.3 million, respectively, were attributable to noncontrolling interests.
 
(b)   In December 2010, in connection with the sale of a property and the payoff of the existing debt, we terminated an interest rate swap and incurred a breakage cost of $0.3 million.
 
(c)   In October 2009, we turned over five properties formerly leased to Shires Limited to the lender in exchange for the lender’s agreement to relieve of us of all obligations under the related non-recourse mortgage loan (Note 11). In connection with this transaction, we wrote off an interest rate swap related to the debt and recognized a gain of $1.4 million.
 
(d)   In April 2008, we unwound an interest rate swap with a notional value of $31.6 million as of the date of termination, inclusive of noncontrolling interest of $7.9 million, and obtained a new interest rate swap with a notional value of $26.5 million at that date, inclusive of noncontrolling interest of $6.6 million. In connection with the interest rate swap termination, we received a settlement payment of $1.1 million and recognized a realized gain of $1.1 million, both of which are inclusive of noncontrolling interest of $0.3 million.
 
(e)   During 2009, we determined that an interest rate swap was no longer effective as a result of the tenant’s bankruptcy proceedings and our suspension of debt service payments in July 2009. As a result, we wrote off the ineffective portion of this derivative.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, no gains or losses were reclassified from OCI into income related to amounts excluded from effectiveness testing.
                             
        Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives  
Derivatives not in Cash Flow   Location of Gain (Loss)   Years ended December 31,  
Hedging Relationships   Recognized in Income   2010     2009     2008  
Stock warrants
  Other income and (expenses)   $ 160     $ 511     $ 7  
See below for information on our purposes for entering into derivative instruments, including those not designated as hedging instruments, and for information on derivative instruments owned by unconsolidated ventures, which are excluded from the tables above.
Interest Rate Swaps and Caps
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes primarily through our borrowing activities. To limit this exposure, we attempt to obtain mortgage financing on a long-term, fixed-rate basis. However, from time to time, we or our venture partners may obtain variable-rate non-recourse mortgage loans and, as a result, may enter into interest rate swap agreements or interest rate cap agreements with counterparties. Interest rate swaps, which effectively convert the variable-rate debt service obligations of the loan to a fixed rate, are agreements in which one party exchanges a stream of interest payments for a counterparty’s stream of cash flow over a specific period. The notional, or face, amount on which the swaps are based is not exchanged. Interest rate caps limit the effective borrowing rate of variable-rate debt obligations while allowing participants to share in downward shifts in interest rates. Our objective in using these derivatives is to limit our exposure to interest rate movements.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The interest rate swap derivative instruments that we had outstanding at December 31, 2010 were designated as cash flow hedges and are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                             
        Notional     Effective     Effective     Expiration     Fair Value at  
    Type   Amount     Interest Rate (a)     Date     Date     December 31, 2010  
3-Month Euribor (b,c)
  “Pay-fixed” swap   $ 131,543       5.6 %     7/2006       7/2016     $ (8,703 )
3-Month Euribor (b,c)
  “Pay-fixed” swap     10,309       5.0 %     4/2007       7/2016       (682 )
3-Month Euribor (b,c)
  “Pay-fixed” swap     13,504       5.6 %     4/2008       10/2015       (894 )
1-Month LIBOR
  “Pay-fixed” swap     3,305       6.5 %     8/2009       9/2012       (99 )
 
                                         
 
                                      $ (10,378 )
 
                                         
 
     
(a)   Effective interest rate represents the total of the swapped rate and the contractual margin.
 
(b)   Amounts are based upon the applicable exchange rate at December 31, 2010, where applicable.
 
(c)   Amounts include, on a combined basis, noncontrolling interests in the notional amount and the net fair value liability position of the derivatives totaling $38.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
Stock Warrants
We own stock warrants that were generally granted to us by lessees in connection with structuring initial lease transactions. These warrants are defined as derivative instruments because they are readily convertible to cash or provide for net cash settlement upon conversion.
Embedded Credit Derivatives
We own interests in certain German unconsolidated ventures that obtained non-recourse mortgage financing for which the interest rate has both fixed and variable components. We account for these ventures under the equity method of accounting. In connection with providing the financing, the lenders entered into interest rate swap agreements on their own behalf through which the fixed interest rate component on the financing was converted into a variable interest rate instrument. Through the venture, we have the right, at our sole discretion, to prepay the debt at any time and to participate in any realized gain or loss on the interest rate swap at that time. These participation rights are deemed to be embedded credit derivatives. Based on valuations obtained at December 31, 2010 and 2009 and including the effect of foreign currency translation, the embedded credit derivatives had a total fair value of less than $0.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. For 2010 and 2009, these derivatives generated total unrealized losses of $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Amounts provided are the total amounts attributable to the venture and do not represent our proportionate share. Changes in the fair value of the embedded credit derivatives are recognized in the ventures’ earnings.
Other
Amounts reported in OCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our non-recourse variable-rate debt. At December 31, 2010, we estimate that an additional $4.2 million will be reclassified as interest expense during the next twelve months, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests totaling $1.0 million.
Some of the agreements we have with our derivative counterparties contain certain credit contingent provisions that could result in a declaration of default against us regarding our derivative obligations if we either default or are capable of being declared in default on certain of our indebtedness. At December 31, 2010, we had not been declared in default on any of our derivative obligations. The estimated fair value of our derivatives that were in a net liability position was $10.4 million at December 31, 2010, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk. If we had breached any of these provisions at December 31, 2010, we could have been required to settle our obligations under these agreements at their termination value of $12.3 million, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests totaling $3.1 million.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Portfolio Concentration Risk
Concentrations of credit risk arise when a group of tenants is engaged in similar business activities or is subject to similar economic risks or conditions that could cause them to default on their lease obligations to us. We regularly monitor our portfolio to assess potential concentrations of credit risk. While we believe our portfolio is reasonably well diversified, it does contain concentrations in excess of 10% of current annualized contractual minimum base rent in certain areas, as described below. The percentages in the paragraph below represent our directly-owned real estate properties and do not include our pro rata share of equity investments.
At December 31, 2010, our directly-owned real estate properties were located in the U.S. (65%), with Texas (7%) representing the most significant domestic concentration, and in Europe (35%), with France (14%) representing the most significant international concentration based on percentage of our annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010. In addition, Mercury Partners, LP and U-Haul Moving Partners, Inc. jointly represented 13% of annualized contractual minimum base rent for the fourth quarter of 2010, inclusive of noncontrolling interest. At December 31, 2010, our directly-owned real estate properties contained significant concentrations in the following asset types: office (25%), warehouse/distribution (17%), retail (16%), industrial (15%), and self-storage (13%); and in the following tenant industries: retail trade (23%).
Note 11. Impairment Charges
We periodically assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our real estate investments may be impaired or that their carrying value may not be recoverable. For investments in real estate in which an impairment indicator is identified, we follow a two-step process to determine whether the investment is impaired and to determine the amount of the charge. First, we compare the carrying value of the real estate to the future net undiscounted cash flow that we expect the real estate will generate, including any estimated proceeds from the eventual sale of the real estate. If this amount is less than the carrying value, the real estate is considered to be impaired, and we then measure the loss as the excess of the carrying value of the real estate over the estimated fair value of the real estate, which is primarily determined using market information such as recent comparable sales or broker quotes. If relevant market information is not available or is not deemed appropriate, we then perform a future net cash flow analysis discounted for inherent risk associated with each investment.
The following table summarizes impairment charges recognized on our consolidated and unconsolidated real estate investments during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands):
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Net investments in properties (a)
  $ 4,144     $ 21,545     $  
Net investment in direct financing lease
    13,708       27,001       1,330  
 
                 
Total impairment charges included in expenses
    17,852       48,546       1,330  
Equity investments in real estate (b)
    7,150       10,284       1,310  
 
                 
Total impairment charges included in income from continuing operations
    25,002       58,830       2,640  
Impairment charges included in discontinued operations (c)
    324       7,799       39,411  
 
                 
Total impairment charges
  $ 25,326     $ 66,629     $ 42,051  
 
                 
 
     
(a)   Includes impairment charges recognized on intangible assets related to net investments in properties (Note 9). Inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests totaling $1.5 million and $4.4 million for 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
(b)   Impairment charges on our equity investments are included in Income from equity investments in real estate in our consolidated statements of operations.
 
(c)   For 2008, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $7.6 million.
Impairment charges recognized during 2010 were as follows:
Thales S.A.
During 2010 and 2009, we recognized impairment charges of $4.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $1.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, on a French property leased to Thales S.A. to reduce its carrying value to its estimated fair value, which reflected the appraised value. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, this property was classified as Net investments in properties in the consolidated financial statements.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Best Buy Stores, L. P.
We perform an annual valuation of our assets, relying in part upon third-party appraisals. In connection with this valuation, during 2010, we recognized an impairment charge of $15.2 million on a net investment in direct financing leases as a result of the declines in the current estimate of the residual value of the properties leased to Best Buy Stores, L. P.
The Upper Deck Company
During 2010 and 2009, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges of $4.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, to reflect the decline in the estimated fair value of the venture’s underlying net assets in comparison with the carrying value of our interest in the venture. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, this venture was classified as Equity investments in real estate in the consolidated financial statements.
Schuler A.G.
During 2010, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $1.5 million to reflect the decline in the estimated fair value of the venture’s underlying net assets in comparison with the carrying value of our interest in the venture. At December 31, 2010, this venture was classified as Equity investments in real estate in the consolidated financial statements.
The Talaria Company (Hinckley)
During 2010, we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0.6 million to reduce the carrying value of the venture to its estimated fair value based on a potential sale of the property as a result of tenant financial difficulties. At December 31, 2010, this venture was classified as Equity investments in real estate in the consolidated financial statements.
Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. and Goertz & Schiele Corp.
During 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges of $0.2 million, $5.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively, to reflect declines in the estimated fair value of two ventures’ underlying net assets in comparison with the carrying values of our interest in the ventures. The ventures lease properties in Germany to Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. and in the U.S. to Goertz & Schiele Corp., which filed for bankruptcy in November 2008 and September 2009, respectively. Both tenants ceased making rent payments during the second quarter of 2009, and as a result, the ventures suspended the debt service payments on the related mortgage loans beginning in July 2009. In January 2010, Goertz & Schiele Corp. terminated its lease with us in bankruptcy proceedings and in March 2010, a successor tenant to Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. signed a new lease with the venture on substantially the same terms. These ventures are classified as Equity investments in real estate in the consolidated financial statements.
Childtime Childcare, Inc.
During 2010, we recognized an impairment charge of $0.3 million on a property leased to Childtime Childcare, Inc. to reduce its carrying value to its estimated fair value, which reflected the contracted selling price. At December 31, 2010, this property was classified as Assets held for sale in the consolidated financial statements. We completed the sale of this property in March 2011. The results of operations of this property are included in Income (loss) from discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements.
Other
In connection with our annual valuation of real estate assets, during 2010, we recognized impairment charges totaling $0.6 million on two net investments in direct financing leases as a result of declines in the current estimate of the residual value of the properties. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2010, we recorded an out-of-period adjustment of $2.1 million as a result of an error pertaining to the misapplication of guidance for accounting for the impairments of two direct financing leases in 2009 (Note 2).
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
In addition to the impairment charges of $5.8 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million described above in Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. and Goertz & Schiele Corp., Thales S.A. and The Upper Deck Company, respectively, impairment charges recognized during 2009 were as follows:
Lindenmaier A.G.
During 2009 and 2008, we recognized impairment charges of $12.3 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, related to two German properties where the tenant, Lindenmaier A.G., filed for bankruptcy in April 2009. These balances are inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $4.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. In July 2009, we entered into an interim lease agreement with Lindenmaier that provided for substantially lower rental income than the original lease through February 2010, when it converted to a month-to-month agreement. In April 2010, a new lease was signed with a new tenant for one of the properties and in August 2010, the remaining property was leased to a separate new tenant for substantially the same lower rental income. We calculated the estimated fair value of these properties based on a discounted cash flow analysis. During 2009, these properties were reclassified from Net investment in direct financing lease to Net investments in properties in the consolidated financial statements.
Advanced Accessory Systems LLC
During 2009, we recognized an impairment charge of $8.4 million on a domestic property formerly leased to Advanced Accessory Systems, LLC to reduce its carrying value of $11.3 million to its estimated fair value of $2.9 million. We calculated the estimated fair value of this property based on management’s consideration of cash flow projections and data provided by external brokers. Advanced Accessory Systems entered into liquidation proceedings and vacated the property during the first half of 2009. The lender of the non-recourse mortgage debt related to this property held escrow deposits previously funded by Advanced Accessory Systems, including a security deposit, that were being used to fund debt service payments. In May 2010, the escrow deposits were fully exhausted and debt service payments on the related mortgage debt were suspended. In February 2011, the court appointed a receiver on the property, and as a result the subsidiary that holds the property was deconsolidated as we no longer have control over the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of this subsidiary following possession of the property by the receiver. We expect to recognize a gain on the deconsolidation of this subsidiary. At December 31, 2009, this property was classified as Net investment in properties in the consolidated financial statements.
Shires Limited
During 2009 and 2008, we recognized impairment charges of $19.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying values of several properties leased to Shires Limited to their estimated fair values. In April 2009, Shires Limited filed for bankruptcy and subsequently vacated four of the six properties it leased from us in the United Kingdom and Ireland. As a result, beginning in July 2009, we suspended debt service payments on the related non-recourse mortgage loan and used proceeds of $3.6 million drawn from a letter of credit provided by Shires Limited to prepay a portion of the mortgage loan. In September 2009, we sold one of the properties to a third party for $1.0 million and recognized a loss on the sale of $2.1 million. In October 2009, we turned over the remaining five properties to the lender in exchange for the lenders’ agreement to relieve us of all obligations under the related mortgage loan. These five properties and related mortgage loan had carrying values of $13.7 million and $13.4 million, respectively, at the date of disposition. In connection with the disposition of these properties, we recognized gains on the disposition of real estate and extinguishment of debt of $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in 2009, which are included in Other income and (expenses) in the consolidated financial statements. Prior to their disposition, substantially all of these properties were classified as Net investments in direct financing leases in the consolidated financial statements.
Wagon Automotive GmbH and Wagon Automotive Nagold GmbH
During 2009, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges of $3.8 million to reduce the carrying value of a venture to the estimated fair value of its underlying net assets. The venture leases properties in Germany to Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH (the successor entity to Wagon Automotive GmbH) and Wagon Automotive Nagold GmbH. Wagon Automotive GmbH terminated its lease in bankruptcy proceedings effective May 2009 and Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH began paying rent to us at a significantly reduced rate. Subsequently, in April 2010, Waldaschaff Automotive GmbH executed a temporary lease under which monthly rent is unchanged. These ventures are classified as Equity investments in real estate in the consolidated financial statements.
Innovate Holdings Limited
During 2009, we recognized impairment charges of $7.3 million related to a property in the United Kingdom formerly leased to Innovate Holdings Limited, which terminated its lease in bankruptcy court and vacated the property. Beginning in July 2009, we suspended debt service payments on the related non-recourse mortgage loan, and in October 2009 we returned the property to the lender in exchange for the lender’s agreement to relieve us of all mortgage obligations. The property and related mortgage loan had carrying values of $14.4 million and $15.0 million, respectively, at the date of disposition. In connection with this disposition, we recognized gains on the disposition of real estate and extinguishment of debt of $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, in 2009, which, together with the impairment charges, are included in Discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Garden Ridge Corporation
During 2009, we recognized an impairment charge of $0.5 million on a property leased to Garden Ridge Corporation to reduce its carrying value to its estimated fair value, which reflected the proposed selling price. In March 2010, this property was sold to a third party for $6.4 million. The results of operations of this property are included in Income (loss) from discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements.
Other
We perform an annual valuation of our assets, relying in part upon third-party appraisals. In connection with this valuation, during 2009, we recognized impairment charges totaling $5.9 million on several net investments in direct financing leases as a result of declines in the current estimate of the residual value of the properties. In addition, we recognized impairment charges totaling $1.5 million on two domestic properties to reduce their carrying values to the estimated sale prices. These two properties, which were classified as Net investments in direct financing leases in the consolidated financial statements, were sold during the fourth quarter of 2009 for aggregate sales proceeds of $4.4 million, net of selling costs. We recognized an aggregate net loss of less than $0.1 million in connection with the sale of these properties, which is included in Other income and (expenses) in the consolidated financial statements.
In addition to the other-than-temporary impairment charges of $0.7 million, less than $0.1 million and $0.4 million described above in Shires Limited, Lindenmaier A.G. and Görtz & Schiele GmbH & Co. and Goertz & Schiele Corp., respectively, impairment charges recognized during 2008 were as follows:
Thales S.A.
During 2008, we recognized impairment charges of $35.4 million, inclusive of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $7.6 million, on two vacant French properties leased to Thales S.A. to reduce their carrying values to the estimated fair value. We calculated the estimated fair value of these properties based on a discounted cash flow analysis. We sold these properties during 2009. The results of operations of these properties are included in Discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 17 for additional information on these properties.
Warehouse Associates, Inc.
During 2008, we agreed to terminate a master net lease at two properties that were accounted for as net investments in direct financing leases and sold the properties to a third party in December 2008 for $6.8 million, net of selling costs. Prior to the sale, we recognized an impairment charge of $4.0 million to reduce the properties’ carrying values to their estimated sale price, net of selling costs. As a result of the lease termination, these properties were reclassified as Net investments in properties in 2008 and their results of operations for the period from the date of the lease termination through the date of disposition are included in Discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 5 and Note 17 for additional information on these properties.
Other
During 2008, we recognized impairment charges totaling $0.6 million on three properties accounted for as net investments in direct financing leases in connection with other-than-temporary declines in the estimated fair value of the properties’ residual values, as determined by us relying in part upon annual third-party valuation of our real estate. We also recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges of $0.9 million related to an equity investment in real estate to reduce its carrying value to the estimated fair value of the venture’s underlying net assets.
Note 12. Non-recourse Debt
Non-recourse debt consists of mortgage notes payable, which are collateralized by an assignment of real property and direct financing leases with an aggregate carrying value of $2.1 billion at December 31, 2010. Our mortgage notes payable bore interest at fixed annual rates ranging from 4.3% to 10.0% and variable annual rates ranging from 5.1% to 7.6%, with maturity dates ranging from 2011 to 2026 at December 31, 2010.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Scheduled debt principal payments during each of the next five years following December 31, 2010 and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):
         
Years ending December 31,   Total Debt  
2011
  $ 101,296  
2012
    147,526  
2013
    145,401  
2014
    369,873  
2015
    189,624  
Thereafter through 2026
    540,880  
 
     
Total
  $ 1,494,600  
 
     
Financing Activity
2010 — We refinanced maturing non-recourse mortgage loans with new non-recourse financing of $9.3 million at a weighted average annual interest rate and term of 6.5% and 6.5 years, respectively. In addition, an unconsolidated venture in which we and an affiliate hold a 33% and 67% ownership interest, respectively, refinanced its existing non-recourse mortgage loan with new non-recourse financing of $57.5 million at a fixed annual interest rate and term of 5.8% and 8.3 years, respectively.
2009 — We refinanced maturing non-recourse mortgage loans of $34.1 million with new non-recourse financing of $37.0 million at a weighted average annual interest rate and term of 6.3% and 7.9 years, respectively. In addition, we obtained additional non-recourse mortgage financing of $3.3 million in connection with a build-to-suit project at a fixed annual interest rate and term of 4.6% and 5.5 years, respectively.
Note 13. Advisor Settlement of SEC Investigation
In March 2008, WPC and Carey Financial entered into a settlement with the SEC with respect to all matters relating to a previously disclosed investigation. In connection with this settlement, WPC paid us $9.1 million.
Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies
Various claims and lawsuits arising in the normal course of business are pending against us. The results of these proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Note 15. Equity
Distributions
Distributions paid to shareholders consist of ordinary income, capital gains, return of capital or a combination thereof for income tax purposes. The following table presents distributions per share reported for tax purposes:
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Ordinary income
  $ 0.43     $ 0.34     $ 0.58  
Capital gains
    0.17              
Return of capital
    0.12       0.38       0.11  
 
                 
 
  $ 0.72     $ 0.72     $ 0.69  
 
                 
We declared a quarterly distribution of $0.1816 per share in December 2010, which was paid in January 2011 to shareholders of record at December 31, 2010.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 80

 


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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The following table presents accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income reflected in equity. Amounts include our proportionate share of other comprehensive income or loss from our unconsolidated investments (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities
  $ 432     $ (344 )
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments
    (7,793 )     (5,885 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    (2,738 )     8,430  
 
           
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
  $ (10,099 )   $ 2,201  
 
           
Note 16. Income Taxes
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code. We believe we have operated, and we intend to continue to operate, in a manner that allows us to continue to qualify as a REIT. Under the REIT operating structure, we are permitted to deduct distributions paid to our shareholders and generally will not be required to pay U.S. federal income taxes. Accordingly, no provision has been made for U.S. federal income taxes in the consolidated financial statements.
We conduct business in various states and municipalities within the U.S. and the European Union and, as a result, we file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and certain foreign jurisdictions.
We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with current authoritative accounting guidance. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
                 
    December 31,  
    2010     2009  
Balance at January 1,
  $ 357     $ 557  
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
    13       17  
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
    (78 )     (3 )
Reductions for expiration of statute of limitations
    (45 )     (214 )
 
           
Balance at December 31,
  $ 247     $ 357  
 
           
At December 31, 2010, we had unrecognized tax benefits as presented in the table above that, if recognized, would have a favorable impact on the effective income tax rate in future periods. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. At both December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had less than $0.1 million of accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions.
Our tax returns are subject to audit by taxing authorities. Such audits can often take years to complete and settle. The tax years 2006-2010 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject.
As of December 31, 2010, we had net operating losses (“NOLs”) in foreign jurisdictions of approximately $48.8 million, translating to a deferred tax asset before valuation allowance of $11.7 million. Our NOLs begin expiring in 2011 in certain foreign jurisdictions. The utilization of NOLs may be subject to certain limitations under the tax laws of the relevant jurisdiction. Management determined that as of December 31, 2010, $11.7 million of deferred tax assets related to losses in foreign jurisdictions do not satisfy the recognition criteria set forth in accounting guidance for income taxes. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been recorded for this amount.
Note 17. Discontinued Operations
From time to time, tenants may vacate space due to lease buy-outs, elections not to renew their leases, insolvency or lease rejection in the bankruptcy process. In these cases, we assess whether we can obtain the highest value from the property by re-leasing or selling it. In addition, in certain cases, we may try to sell a property that is occupied if selling the property yields the highest value. When it is appropriate to do so under current accounting guidance for the disposal of long-lived assets, we classify the property as an asset held for sale on our consolidated balance sheet and the current and prior period results of operations of the property are reclassified as discontinued operations.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 81

 


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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The results of operations for properties that are held for sale or have been sold are reflected in the consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented and are summarized as follows (in thousands):
                         
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Revenues
  $ 4,147     $ 5,830     $ 18,524  
Expenses
    (3,298 )     (2,610 )     (13,766 )
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate, net
    17,409       12,406       (67 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
          (1,498 )      
Impairment charges
    (324 )     (7,799 )     (39,411 )
 
                 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
  $ 17,934     $ 6,329     $ (34,720 )
 
                 
2010 In December 2010, we sold a domestic property for a total price of $46.4 million, net of selling costs, and recognized a net gain on the sale of $17.6 million. In connection with the sale, we used a portion of the sales proceeds to prepay the existing non-recourse mortgage debt of $20.5 million and incurred a breakage cost of $0.3 million as a result of terminating the related interest rate swap. All amounts are inclusive of affiliates’ noncontrolling interests in the properties.
In addition, during 2010, we entered into an agreement to sell a property leased to Childtime Childcare, Inc. for approximately $0.8 million. In connection with the planned sale, we recognized an impairment charge of $0.3 million to reduce the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value, which reflected the contracted selling price. We completed the sale of this property in February 2011. At December 31, 2010, this property was classified as Assets held for sale on our consolidated balance sheet.
In March 2010, we sold a domestic property leased to Garden Ridge Corporation for $6.2 million, net of selling costs, and recognized a loss on the sale of $0.2 million, excluding impairment charge of $0.5 million recognized in 2009. Prior to this sale, we repaid the non-recourse mortgage loan encumbering the property, which had an outstanding balance of $5.8 million.
2009 — In July 2009, a venture that owned a portfolio of five properties in France leased to Thales S.A. and in which we and an affiliate have 65% and 35% interests, respectively, and which we consolidate, sold four properties back to Thales for $46.6 million and recognized a gain on sale of $11.3 million, inclusive of the impact of impairment charges recognized during 2008 totaling $35.4 million. As required by the lender, we used the sales proceeds to repay a portion of the existing non-recourse mortgage loan on these properties, which had an outstanding balance of $74.7 million as of the date of sale. The remaining loan balance of $28.1 million is collateralized by the unsold fifth property. In connection with the repayment of a portion of the outstanding loan balance in accordance with the provisions of the loan, we were required to pay the lender additional interest charges of $2.1 million to reimburse certain breakage costs, which we recorded as loss on extinguishment of debt. All amounts are inclusive of the 35% interest in the venture owned by our affiliate as the noncontrolling interest partner.
In March 2009, we sold a property for proceeds of $4.1 million, net of selling costs, for a gain of $0.9 million. Concurrent with the sale, we used $2.7 million to defease a portion of the existing non-recourse mortgage obligation of $8.5 million that was collateralized by four properties (including the property sold) and incurred defeasance charges totaling $0.6 million.
For the periods from October 2008 to December 2009, Income (loss) from discontinued operations also includes the operations of a property formerly leased to Innovate Holdings Limited, including impairment charges of $7.3 million recognized in 2009. Innovate Holdings Limited terminated its lease in bankruptcy court during 2008 and vacated the property during 2009. Beginning in July 2009, we suspended debt service payments on the related non-recourse mortgage loan, and in October 2009 we returned the property to the lender in exchange for the lender’s agreement to relieve us of all mortgage obligations. The property and related mortgage loan had carrying values of $14.4 million and $15.0 million, respectively, at the date of disposition. In connection with this disposition, we recognized gains on the disposition of real estate and extinguishment of debt of $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, in 2009. Prior to October 2008, this property was accounted for as a net investment in direct financing lease, and therefore, the results of operations of the property prior to October 2008 are included in Income from continuing operations.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 82

 


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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2008 — During 2008, we sold a property for proceeds of $1.1 million, net of selling costs, for a gain of $0.1 million. Concurrent with the sale, we used $0.8 million to partially defease the existing non-recourse mortgage obligation of $16.8 million that was collateralized by five properties (including the property sold). All costs associated with the partial defeasance were incurred by the buyer.
Additionally, we sold three domestic properties leased to Warehouse Associates, Inc. in 2008 that were accounted for as direct financing leases. As a result of a lease termination, two of these properties were reclassified as Real estate, net in September 2008. Therefore, their results of operations for the period from the date of the lease termination through the date of disposition in December 2008, including an impairment charge of $4.0 million and a loss on the sale of $0.2 million, are included in Income from discontinued operations.
Note 18. Segment Information
We have determined that we operate in one business segment, real estate ownership, with domestic and foreign investments. Geographic information for this segment is as follows (in thousands):
                         
  Domestic     Foreign (a)     Total Company  
2010
                       
Revenues
  $ 177,280     $ 89,305     $ 266,585  
Total long-lived assets (b)
    1,389,211       908,543       2,297,754  
2009
                       
Revenues
  $ 168,973     $ 112,163     $ 281,136  
Total long-lived assets (b)
    1,541,615       998,397       2,540,012  
2008
                       
Revenues
  $ 181,429     $ 107,178     $ 288,607  
Total long-lived assets (b)
    1,604,710       1,110,707       2,715,417  
 
     
(a)   Consists of operations in the European Union.
 
(b)   Consists of real estate, net; net investment in direct financing leases; and equity investments in real estate.
Note 19. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
                                 
    Three months ended  
    March 31, 2010     June 30, 2010     September 30, 2010     December 31, 2010  
Revenues (a)
  $ 68,306     $ 66,887     $ 66,196     $ 65,196  
Operating expenses (a)
    (27,500 )     (26,223 )     (30,086 )     (40,984 )
Net income
    17,926       20,249       22,591       39,490  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (7,826 )     (7,741 )     (6,228 )     (18,684 )
 
                       
Net income attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    10,100       12,508       16,363       20,806  
 
                       
Earnings per share attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    0.08       0.10       0.13       0.16  
Distributions declared per share
    0.1807       0.1810       0.1813       0.1816  
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 83

 


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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
                                 
    Three months ended  
    March 31, 2009     June 30, 2009     September 30, 2009     December 31, 2009 (b)  
Revenues (a)
  $ 68,282     $ 69,549     $ 71,420     $ 71,885  
Operating expenses (a)
    (51,838 )     (31,483 )     (38,983 )     (37,593 )
Net (loss) income
    (3,592 )     9,717       9,079       14,696  
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
    (7,334 )     (7,545 )     (7,024 )     (8,245 )
 
                       
Net (loss) income attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    (10,926 )     2,172       2,055       6,451  
 
                       
(Loss) earnings per share attributable to CPA®:15 shareholders
    (0.09 )     0.02       0.02       0.05  
Distributions declared per share
    0.1748       0.1798       0.1801       0.1804  
 
     
(a)   Certain amounts from previous quarters have been retrospectively adjusted as discontinued operations (Note 17).
 
(b)   Net income for the fourth quarter of 2009 included impairment charges totaling $12.8 million in connection with several properties and equity investments in real estate (Note 11).
Note 20. Subsequent Events
In January 2011, a venture in which we and an affiliate hold 15% and 85% interests, respectively, entered into an investment in the Netherlands for a total cost of approximately $207.5 million, of which our share is approximately $31.1 million. In March 2011, the venture obtained non-recourse mortgage financing of approximately $98.4 million for this investment. Our share of the financing is approximately $14.8 million.
In February 2011, we returned a property previously leased to Advanced Accessory Systems LLC to the lender in exchange for the lender’s agreement to release us from all related non-recourse mortgage loan obligations. On the date of disposition, the property had a carrying value of approximately $2.7 million, reflecting the impact of impairment charges totaling $8.4 million incurred in 2009, and the related non-recourse mortgage loan had an outstanding balance of approximately $6.1 million.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 84

 


Table of Contents

SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE and ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
at December 31, 2010

(in thousands)
                                                                                 
                                                                                Life on which
                                                                                Depreciation
                                                                                in Latest
                            Costs Capitalized     Increase     Gross Amount at which Carried                 Statement of
            Initial Cost to Company     Subsequent to     (Decrease) in Net     at Close of Period (c)     Accumulated     Date   Income is
Description   Encumbrances     Land     Buildings     Acquisition (a)     Investments (b)     Land     Buildings     Total     Depreciation (c)     Acquired   Computed
Real Estate Under Operating Leases:
                                                                               
Industrial facilities in Bluffton, OH; Auburn, IN and Milan, TN
  $ 11,001     $ 1,180     $ 19,816     $ 16     $     $ 1,180     $ 19,832     $ 21,012     $ 4,718     Apr. 2002   40 years
Land in Irvine, CA
    2,793       4,930                         4,930             4,930           May. 2002   N/A
Office facility in Alpharetta, GA
    7,518       1,750       11,339                   1,750       11,339       13,089       2,740     Jun. 2002   40 years
Office facility in Clinton, NJ
    26,123             47,016       3                   47,019       47,019       10,503     Aug. 2002   40 years
Warehouse/distribution and office facilities in Miami, FL
    9,312       6,600       8,870       40             6,600       8,910       15,510       2,223     Sep. 2002   40 years
Office facilities in St. Petersburg, FL
    18,723       1,750       7,408       21,563       922       3,200       28,443       31,643       6,209     Sep. 2002   40 years
Movie theatre in Baton Rouge, LA
    10,525       4,767       6,912             286       4,767       7,198       11,965       1,455     Oct. 2002   40 years
Office facilities in San Diego, CA
    17,765       8,050       22,077       24             8,050       22,101       30,151       5,741     Oct. 2002   40 years
Industrial facilities in Richmond, CA
          870       4,098                   870       4,098       4,968       908     Nov. 2002   40 years
Nursing care facilities in Chatou, Poissy, Rosny sous Bois, Paris, Rueil Malmaison and Sarcelles, France
    36,474       5,329       35,001       11,614       4,929       7,060       49,813       56,873       13,249     Dec. 2002   40 years
Warehouse/distribution and industrial facilities in Kingman, AZ; Woodland, CA; Jonesboro, GA; Kansas City, MO; Springfield, OR; Fogelsville, PA and Corsicana, TX
    67,803       19,250       101,536             7       19,250       101,543       120,793       20,426     Dec. 2002   40 years
Warehouse/distribution facilities in Lens, Nimes, Colomiers, Thuit Hebert, Ploufragen and Cholet, France
    103,876       11,250       95,123       49,862       11,023       16,335       150,923       167,258       37,225     Dec. 2002   40 years
Warehouse/distribution facilities in Orlando, FL; Macon, GA; Rocky Mount, NC and Lewisville, TX
    15,290       3,440       26,975             (879 )     3,300       26,236       29,536       5,983     Dec. 2002   40 years
Fitness and recreational sports centers in Boca Raton, FL; Newton, MA; Eden Prairie, Fridley, Bloomington and St. Louis Park, MN
    81,443       44,473       111,521       20,010       (47,513 )     30,904       97,587       128,491       17,066     Feb. 2003   40 years
Industrial facilities in Chattanooga, TN
          540       5,881                   540       5,881       6,421       1,158     Feb. 2003   40 years
Industrial facilities in Mooresville, NC
    7,215       600       13,837                   600       13,837       14,437       2,724     Feb. 2003   40 years
Industrial facility in McCalla, AL
    7,034       1,750       13,545                   1,750       13,545       15,295       2,299     Mar. 2003   40 years
Office facility in Lower Makefield Township, PA
    11,732       900       20,120                   900       20,120       21,020       3,877     Apr. 2003   40 years
Warehouse/distribution facility in Virginia Beach, VA
    18,659       3,000       32,241       2,244             3,000       34,485       37,485       6,119     Jul. 2003   40 years
Industrial facility in Fort Smith, AZ
          980       7,262                   980       7,262       8,242       1,354     Jul. 2003   40 years
Retail facilities in Greenwood, IN and Buffalo, NY
    9,756             14,676       4,891                   19,567       19,567       3,463     Aug. 2003   40 years
Industrial facilities in Bowling Green, KY and Jackson, TN
    7,348       680       11,723                   680       11,723       12,403       2,161     Aug. 2003   40 years
Industrial facilities in Mattoon, IL; Holyoke, MA; Morristown, TN and a warehouse/distribution facility in Westfield, MA
    5,488       1,230       15,707             (4,522 )     1,060       11,355       12,415       2,094     Aug. 2003   40 years
Industrial facility in Rancho Cucamonga, CA and educational facilities in Glendale Heights, IL; Exton, PA and Avondale, AZ
    42,297       12,932       6,937       61,872       718       12,932       69,527       82,459       10,873     Sep. 2003, Dec.
2003, Feb. 2004,
Sep. 2004
  40 years
 
Sports facilities in Rochester Hills and Canton, MI
    23,408       9,791       32,780             (2,124 )     9,791       30,656       40,447       5,577     Sep. 2003   40 years
Industrial facilities in St. Petersburg, FL; Buffalo Grove, IL; West Lafayette, IN; Excelsior Springs, MO and North Versailles, PA
    13,462       4,980       21,905       2       5       4,981       21,911       26,892       3,959     Oct. 2003   40 years
Industrial facilities in Tolleson, AZ; Alsip, IL and Solvay, NY
    17,115       4,210       23,911       2,640       3,107       4,210       29,658       33,868       5,143     Nov. 2003   40 years
Industrial facilities in Shelby Township and Port Huron, Michigan
    6,143       1,330       10,302             (8,682 )     912       2,038       2,950       221     Nov. 2003   17.5 years
Land in Kahl, Germany
    4,966       7,070                   436       7,506             7,506           Dec. 2003   N/A
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 85

 


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SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE and ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
at December 31, 2010

(in thousands)
                                                                                 
                                                                                Life on which
                                                                                Depreciation
                                                                                in Latest
                            Costs Capitalized     Increase     Gross Amount at which Carried                 Statement of
            Initial Cost to Company     Subsequent to     (Decrease) in Net     at Close of Period (c)     Accumulated     Date   Income is
Description   Encumbrances     Land     Buildings     Acquisition (a)     Investments (b)     Land     Buildings     Total     Depreciation (c)     Acquired   Computed
Real Estate Under Operating Leases (Continued):
                                                                               
Land in Memphis, TN and sports facilities in Bedford, TX and Englewood, CO
    8,956       4,392       9,314                   4,392       9,314       13,706       1,594     Dec. 2003, Sep. 2004   40 years
Office facilities in Brussels, Belgium
    11,252       2,232       8,796       2,786       989       2,397       12,406       14,803       2,609     Jan. 2004   40 years
Warehouse/distribution facilities in Oceanside, CA and Concordville, PA
    5,086       2,575       5,490       6             2,575       5,496       8,071       956     Jan. 2004   40 years
Office facility in Peachtree City, GA
    4,480       990       6,874             (3 )     990       6,871       7,861       1,167     Mar. 2004   40 years
Self-storage and trucking facilities in numerous locations throughout the U.S.
    160,191       69,080       189,082             28       69,080       189,110       258,190       31,716     Apr. 2004   40 years
Warehouse/distribution facility in La Vista, NE
    23,690       5,700       648       36,835       1,149       5,700       38,632       44,332       4,529     May. 2004   40 years
Office facility in Pleasanton, CA
    15,122       16,230       14,052       267             16,230       14,319       30,549       2,328     May. 2004   40 years
Office facility in San Marcos, TX
          225       1,180                   225       1,180       1,405       193     Jun. 2004   40 years
Office facilities in Espoo, Finland
    68,321       16,766       68,556       (172 )     5,787       17,967       72,970       90,937       11,790     Jul. 2004   40 years
Office facility in Conflans, France
    23,604       21,869       65,213       357       (63,890 )     4,909       18,640       23,549       3,507     Jul. 2004   40 years
Office facilities in Chicago, IL
    21,222       4,910       32,974             10       4,910       32,984       37,894       5,188     Sep. 2004   40 years
Industrial facility in Louisville, CO
    12,047       1,892       19,612                   1,892       19,612       21,504       3,085     Sep. 2004   40 years
Industrial facilities in Hollywood and Orlando, FL
          1,244       2,490                   1,244       2,490       3,734       392     Sep. 2004   40 years
Office facility in Playa Vista, CA
    24,401       20,950       7,329                   20,950       7,329       28,279       1,153     Sep. 2004   40 years
Industrial facility in Golden, CO
          1,719       4,689       661       (2,889 )     1,114       3,066       4,180       501     Sep. 2004   40 years
Industrial facilities in Texarkana, TX and Orem, UT
    3,018       616       3,723                   616       3,723       4,339       586     Sep. 2004   40 years
Industrial facility in Eugene, OR
          1,009       6,739             4       1,009       6,743       7,752       1,061     Sep. 2004   40 years
Office facility in Little Germany, United Kingdom
          103       3,978             (567 )     88       3,426       3,514       539     Sep. 2004   40 years
Industrial facility in Neenah, WI
    5,255       262       4,728                   262       4,728       4,990       744     Sep. 2004   40 years
Industrial facility in South Jordan, UT
    7,724       2,477       5,829                   2,477       5,829       8,306       917     Sep. 2004   40 years
Warehouse/distribution facility in Ennis, TX
    2,539       190       4,512                   190       4,512       4,702       710     Sep. 2004   40 years
Land in Chandler and Tucson, AZ; Alhambra, Chino, Garden Grove and Tustin, CA; Naperville, IL; Westland and Canton, MI; Carrollton, Duncansville and Lewisville, TX and educational facilities in Newport News, Manassas and Century Oaks, VA
    2,818       5,830       3,270             (1,045 )     5,477       2,578       8,055       406     Sep. 2004   40 years
Retail facility in Oklahoma City, OK
    5,878       1,114       4,643       218             1,114       4,861       5,975       733     Sep. 2004   40 years
Land in Fort Collins, CO; Matteson and Schaumburg, IL; North Attleboro, MA; Nashua, NH; Albuquerque, NM; Houston, Fort Worth, Dallas, Beaumont and Arlington, TX and Virginia Beach, VA
    13,975       36,964                         36,964             36,964           Sep. 2004   N/A
Land in Farmington, CT and Braintree, MA
    1,982       2,972                         2,972             2,972           Sep. 2004   N/A
Office facilities in Helsinki, Finland
    78,068       24,688       71,815             (1,971 )     24,154       70,378       94,532       10,488     Jan. 2005   40 years
Office facility in Paris, France
    82,882       24,180       60,846       604       7,568       26,506       66,692       93,198       9,108     Jul. 2005   40 years
Retail facilities in Bydgoszcz, Czestochowa, Jablonna, Katowice, Kielce, Lodz, Lubin, Olsztyn, Opole, Plock, Walbrzych, Warsaw and Warszawa, Poland
    155,355       38,233       122,575       10,515       14,787       43,430       142,680       186,110       22,011     Mar. 2006   30 years
Office facility in Laupheim, Germany
    11,583       7,090       22,486       20       (13,264 )     3,623       12,709       16,332       1,052     Oct. 2007   30 years
 
                                                             
 
  $ 1,332,718     $ 480,134     $ 1,479,962     $ 226,878     $ (95,594 )   $ 461,495     $ 1,629,885     $ 2,091,380     $ 298,531          
 
                                                             
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 86

 


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SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE and ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
at December 31, 2010

(in thousands)
                                                         
                                            Gross Amount at        
                            Costs Capitalized     Increase     which Carried        
            Initial Cost to Company     Subsequent to     (Decrease) in Net     at Close of     Date  
Description   Encumbrances     Land     Buildings     Acquisition (a)     Investments (b)     Period Total     Acquired  
Direct Financing Method:
                                                       
Office facility in Irvine, CA
  $ 5,696     $     $ 8,525     $ 69     $ 1,459     $ 10,053     May. 2002
Warehouse/distribution facilities in Mesquite, TX
    6,361       1,513       10,843       2,824       (759 )     14,421     Jun. 2002
Warehouse/distribution facility in Birmingham,
                                                  Jan. 2003,
United Kingdom
    10,403       2,206       8,691       6,679       (188 )     17,388     Mar. 2003
Industrial facility in Rochester, MN
    5,725       2,250       10,328             1,138       13,716     Mar. 2003
Office facilities in Corpus Christi, Odessa, San Marcos and Waco, TX
    5,938       1,800       12,022             (756 )     13,066     Aug. 2003
Retail facility in Freehold, NJ
    5,888             9,611             (144 )     9,467     Aug. 2003
Industrial facility in Kahl, Germany
    5,889       7,070       10,137             (8,307 )     8,900     Dec. 2003
Industrial facilities in Mentor, OH and Franklin, TN
          1,060       6,108             (3,811 )     3,357     Apr. 2004
Retail Stores in Fort Collins, CO; Matteson and Schaumburg, IL; North Attleboro, MA; Nashua, NH; Albuquerque, NM; Houston, Fort Worth, Dallas, Beaumont and Arlington, TX and Virginia Beach, VA
    10,038             48,231       68       (21,747 )     26,552     Sep. 2004
Retail facility in Plano, TX
          1,119       4,165             (743 )     4,541     Sep. 2004
Sports facility in Memphis, TN
    1,919             6,511             (2,353 )     4,158     Sep. 2004
Industrial facility in Owingsville, KY
    96       16       4,917             (505 )     4,428     Sep. 2004
Retail facilities in Farmington, CT and Braintree, MA
    4,550             12,617             (5,969 )     6,648     Sep. 2004
Education facilities in Chandler and Tucson, AZ; Alhambra, Chino, Garden Grove and Tustin, CA; Naperville, IL; Westland and Canton, MI; Carrollton, Duncansville and Lewisville, TX
    3,459             6,734             (1,626 )     5,108     Sep. 2004
Industrial facility in Brownwood, TX
          142       5,141             (785 )     4,498     Sep. 2004
Education facility in Glendale Heights, IL
    1,539             9,435             (7,076 )     2,359     Sep. 2004
Retail facilities in Osnabruck, Borken, Bunde, Arnstadt, Dorsten, Duisburg, Freiberg, Leimbach-Kaiserro, Monheim, Oberhausen, Rodewisch, Sankt Augustin, Schmalkalden, Stendal, Wuppertal and Monheim, Germany
    94,381       26,470       127,701       11,449       8,886       174,506     Jun. 2005
 
                                           
 
  $ 161,882     $ 43,646     $ 301,717     $ 21,089     $ (43,286 )   $ 323,166          
 
                                           
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 87

 


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NOTES TO SCHEDULE III — REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
(in thousands)
 
     
(a)   Consists of the costs of improvements subsequent to purchase and acquisition costs including construction costs on build-to-suit transactions, legal fees, appraisal fees, title costs and other related professional fees.
 
(b)   The increase (decrease) in net investment was primarily due to (i) the amortization of unearned income from net investment in direct financing leases, which produces a periodic rate of return that at times may be greater or less than lease payments received, (ii) sales of properties, (iii) impairment charges and (iv) changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
 
(c)   Reconciliation of real estate and accumulation depreciation (see below):
                         
    Reconciliation of Real Estate Subject to  
    Operating Leases  
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 2,267,459     $ 2,306,018     $ 2,339,742  
Additions
    442       2,552       20,917  
Dispositions
    (38,050 )     (59,007 )     (1,010 )
Impairment charges
    (4,105 )     (30,285 )     (35,392 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    (58,772 )     16,987       (43,884 )
Reclassification from (to) direct financing lease, real estate under construction, funds held in escrow or intangible assets
    (2,889 )     31,194       25,645  
Deconsolidation of real estate asset
    (71,660 )            
Reclassification to assets held for sale
    (1,045 )            
 
                 
Balance at close of year
  $ 2,091,380     $ 2,267,459     $ 2,306,018  
 
                 
                         
    Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation  
    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2009     2008  
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 281,854     $ 238,360     $ 193,573  
Depreciation expense
    44,750       47,240       48,344  
Dispositions
    (7,588 )     (6,821 )     (112 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    (6,771 )     3,075       (3,445 )
Reclassification to intangible assets
    (688 )            
Deconsolidation of real estate asset
    (12,917 )            
Reclassification to assets held for sale
    (109 )            
 
                 
Balance at close of year
  $ 298,531     $ 281,854     $ 238,360  
 
                 
At December 31, 2010, the aggregate cost of real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and accounted for as operating leases, owned by us and our consolidated subsidiaries for U.S. federal income tax purposes was $1.9 billion.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 88

 


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Item 9.   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A.   Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures include our controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in this and other reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after conducting an evaluation, together with members of our management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2010, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of December 31, 2010 at a reasonable level of assurance.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.
We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. In making this assessment, we used criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment, we concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.   Other Information.
None.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 89

 


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PART III
Item 10.   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
This information will be contained in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference.
Item 11.   Executive Compensation.
This information will be contained in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference.
Item 12.   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
This information will be contained in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference.
Item 13.   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
This information will be contained in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference.
Item 14.   Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
This information will be contained in our definitive proxy statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference.
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 90

 


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PART IV
Item 15.   Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a)   (1) and (2) — Financial statements and schedule — see index to financial statements and schedule included in Item 8.
  (3)   Exhibits:
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Report. Documents other than those designated as being filed herewith are incorporated herein by reference.
             
Exhibit        
No.   Description   Method of Filing
       
 
   
  3.1    
Articles of Incorporation of Registrant
  Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-58854) filed April 13, 2001
       
 
   
  3.2    
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant
  Incorporated by reference to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 filed August 14, 2009
       
 
   
  4.1    
2008 Amended and Restated Distribution Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan of Registrant
  Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-149648) filed March 11, 2008
       
 
   
  10.1    
Asset Management Agreement dated as of July 1, 2008 between Corporate Property Associates 15 Incorporated and W. P. Carey & Co. B.V.
  Incorporated by reference to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 filed August 14, 2008
       
 
   
  10.2    
Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement dated as of October 1, 2009 between Corporate Property Associates 15 Incorporated and Carey Asset Management Corp.
  Incorporated by reference to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 filed November 13, 2009
       
 
   
  21.1    
Subsidiaries of Registrant
  Filed herewith
       
 
   
  23.1    
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
  Filed herewith
       
 
   
  31.1    
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  Filed herewith
       
 
   
  31.2    
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  Filed herewith
       
 
   
  32    
Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  Filed herewith
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 91

 


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
  Corporate Property Associates 15 Incorporated
 
 
Date 3/31/2011  By:   /s/ Mark J. DeCesaris    
    Mark J. DeCesaris   
    Chief Financial Officer   
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
         
Signature   Title   Date
 
       
/s/ Wm. Polk Carey
 
Wm. Polk Carey
  Chairman of the Board and Director    3/31/2011
 
       
/s/ Trevor P. Bond
 
Trevor P. Bond
  Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
  3/31/2011
 
       
/s/ Mark J. DeCesaris
 
Mark J. DeCesaris
  Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
  3/31/2011
 
       
/s/ Thomas J. Ridings, Jr.
 
Thomas J. Ridings, Jr.
  Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
  3/31/2011
 
       
/s/ Elizabeth P. Munson
 
Elizabeth P. Munson
  Director    3/31/2011
 
       
/s/ Richard J. Pinola
 
Richard J. Pinola
  Director    3/31/2011
 
       
/s/ James D. Price
 
James D. Price
  Director    3/31/2011
 
       
CPA®:15 2010 10-K — 92