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8-K - 8-K - AIkido Pharma Inc. | a10-19548_18k.htm |
Exhibit 99.1
TAGATOSE NON-CONFIDENTIAL OVERVIEW October 18, 2010 |
2 Forward-Looking Statement This presentation contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including those described in the Companys Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2009 filed on Form 10-K. |
3 Spherix Highlights Spherix (NASDAQ: SPEX) has two subsidiaries: Spherix Consulting: Scientific consulting on food and drug uses for US and overseas clients Biospherics: Pharmaceutical development division Biospherics is focused on development of tagatose for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic disorders Phase 3 trial as monotherapy in mild Type 2 Diabetes reported Oct 2010 Phase 2 dose ranging study in Type 2 Diabetes to complete Dec10 Phase 2 dose ranging study in Hypertriglyceridemia expected to start in 2011 |
4 What is D-Tagatose? D-Tagatose D-Fructose Naturally occurring L-epimer of D-fructose with an inversion at C4 Spherix used chiral carbohydrate research to create L-sugars that are not metabolized, but retain sweetness Does not stimulate insulin production |
5 Tagatose Glycemic Control MOA in the Liver Metabolism of D-tagatose in liver is identical to that of fructose, but the cleavage of tagatose-1-P occurs at only about half the rate of that of fructose-1-P Similar to fructose-1-P, tagatose-1-P is an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase Glucose Glucose-6-P Glycogen Glucokinase Glycogen Synthase Glucose-6-P produced by glucokinase promotes the activation of hepatic glycogen synthase CO2 + H2O Glucose-1-P Glycogen Phosphorylase D-tagatose D-tagatose-1-P DHAP + GA Aldolase B pathway action D-tagatose : 1)competitively inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes glycogen, causing glucose to remain stored as glycogen 2)promotes the metabolism of glucose to glucose-6-P, which stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen Promotion Inhibition |
6 What Makes Tagatose Different? Tagatose May provide a safety advantage over current agents Approved as GRAS substance by the FDA and WHO Provides glycemic control through a mechanism of action unlike any agent currently-marketed in the US Sugar blocker may modify post-prandial glucose level Does not cause stimulation of beta cells or insulin secretion May have prebiotic benefits and other metabolic benefits |
7 Class A1C Reduction Fasting vs PPG Hypoglycemia Weight Change Dosing (times/day) Other safety issues Metformin 1.5 Fasting No Neutral 2 GI, lactic acidosis Insulin, long acting 1.5 - 2.5 Fasting Yes Gain 1, Injected Insulin, rapid acting 1.5 - 2.5 PPG Yes Gain 1-4, Injected Sulfonylureas 1.5 Fasting Yes Gain 1 Allergies, secondary failure Thiazolidinediones 0.5 - 1.4 Fasting No Gain 1 Edema, CHF, bone fractures GLP-1 agonists (short) 0.5 - 1.0 PPG No Loss 2, Injected GI, ?pancreatitis, ARF Repaglinide 1 - 1.5 Both Yes Gain 3 Nateglinide 0.5 - 0.8 PPG Rare Gain 3 a-Glucosidase inhibitor 0.5 - 0.8 PPG No Neutral 3 GI Amylin mimetics 0.5 - 1.0 PPG No Loss 3, Injected GI DPP-4 inhibitors 0.6 - 0.8 Both No Neutral 1 ?pancreatitis Bile acid sequestrant 0.5 Fasting No Neutral 1-2 GI Bromocriptine 0.7 PPG No Neutral 1 GI Long-acting GLP-1 agonist ~1.5 Both No Loss 1 or less, Injected GI, ?pancreatitis, ?MTC, ?ARF Adapted from: Nathan DM, et al. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:753-759. Nathan DM, et al. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1963-1972. Nathan DM, et al. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:193-203. ADA. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:S12-S54. WelChol PI. 1/2008. Cycloset PI. 5/2009. Buse, et al. Lancet 2009 Limitations of Current Oral Diabetes Therapies |
8 Diabetes: A Global Health Crisis Diabetes affects >24 million people in the U.S. and ~285 million adults worldwide, and growing significantly1,2 90-95% of those affected have Type 2 diabetes 5th leading cause of death by disease in the U.S. $175 billion annually in direct & indirect medical expenses3 Poorly controlled even with aggressive intervention ~60% of diabetics dont achieve target blood sugar levels with their current treatment4 Multiple co-morbidities 85% obesity, cardiovascular problems, renal disease, ophthalmic complications, etc. Up to 57 million Americans have pre-diabetes 1 International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. http://www.diabetesatlas.org/content/some-285-million-people-worldwide-will-live-diabetes-2010 2 Diabetes Statistics. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/ 3 Direct and Indirect Costs of Diabetes in the United States. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/how-to-help/action/resources/cost-of- diabetes.html 4 Saydah SH, Fradkin J and Cowie CC. Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA. 2004;291:335-42. |
9 Phase 3 Clinical Trial, Tagatose NEET Study (Protocol 70971-004) Objective Evaluate effect of 15-gram, t.i.d dose of D-tagatose on glycemic control in subjects with Type 2 diabetes not controlled by diet & exercise (randomization HbA1c= 6.6 9.0) Design Multi-center, double blind, randomized, parallel group 494 patients randomized 34 sites in US; 23 sites in India Powered to detect 0.5 percentage point change in HbA1c Clinical Endpoints Primary: HbA1c Secondary: glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, body weight |
10 Phase 3 Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Statistically significant reduction of HbA1c in US ITT and PP at all time points Reduction in HbA1c Over Time Patient population 2 months 6 months 10 months U.S. PP -0.4* (n=51) -0.6* (n=29) -1.1* (n=20) U.S. ITT LOCF -0.3* (n=100) -0.3* (n=101) -0.4* (n=101) India PP -0.1 (n=150) 0.0 (n=117) -0.2 (n=72) India ITT LOCF -0.2 (n=253) -0.1 (n=254) -0.2* (n=254) Global PP -0.2 (n=201) -0.2* (n=146) -0.4* (n=92) Global ITT LOCF -0.2* (n=353) -0.2* (n=355) -0.2* (n=355) Global ITT (7.5<HbA1c<9.0) -0.3 (n=175) 0.1 (n=134) -0.5* (n=92) PP = Per-Protocol; ITT = Intent-to-Treat; LOCF = Last Observation Carried Forward * p<0.05; all other figures do not have statistical significance. |
11 Effect on HbA1c: Global Per Protocol vs. Placebo Statistically significant reduction vs placebo at 6 and 10 months Diet and exercise may be attributed to initial drop in the placebo group Decreases in HbA1c in Type 2 diabetics are dependent on baseline HbA1c* * Bloomgarden et al., Diabetes Care, Volume 29 Number 9 September 2006 Patients with HbA1c levels between 8.0% and 9.0% globally showed 0.7% reduction at 10 months of therapy Per protocol, n=30, p=0.09 * * * p<0.05 |
12 Responder Analysis Responder analysis demonstrated a high percentage of patients were able to reduce their HbA1c level to below 7.0 during treatment Statistically significantly different from placebo ADA recommends treatment when HbA1c is 7.0 or higher Difficult to gain additional lowering of HbA1c at such a low level Final HbA1c Level HbA1c < 6.5 % HbA1c < 7.0% Tagatose Placebo Tagatose Placebo Percent of Patients 24 % 11 % 58 % 26% ns p= 0.03 Interpret as: 60% of the patients achieve an HbA1c below 7% during treatment |
13 Other Diabetes Clinical Findings Patients with >1 treatment-emergent adverse events in the active group (163) was comparable to the placebo group (166) No serious adverse event deemed treatment related No episodes of hypoglycemia or pancreatitis were reported among any trial subjects Limited size of patient population with abnormal triglycerides and BMI were not powered for significance in secondary endpoints |
14 Tagatose Effects on Triglycerides LDLr -/- Knockout Mice Animal studies in a model of dietinduced atheroscleros is suggested D-tagatose might reduce lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. |
15 Tagatose Effects on Triglycerides LDLr -/- Mice (2) Tagatose administration reduced triglycerides, adiposity and body mass. |
16 Near-Term Milestones Report Phase 2 dose-finding data on diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, body mass index 4Q10 Engage partner for D-tagatose in diabetes to continue development Ongoing Perform additional animal studies on hypertriglyceridemia mechanism of action 1Q11 Begin Phase 2 study with D-Tagatose in hypertriglyceridemia 1Q11 |
17 Tagatose Summary Tagatose medical use focused on large and growing Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemic markets Proof of concept demonstrated in human trials (diabetes) and animal models (triglycerides) Market position based on expected safety advantages, good tolerability and modest efficacy Interested in out-licensing commercial rights, outright sale of asset or entering a development agreement |
18 Robert Lodder, Ph.D. Leisa Dennehy President Commercial and Corporate rlodder@spherix.com Development Advisor Phone: 301-476-0705 ldennehy@spherix.com Phone: 301-897-0617 Robert Clayton Claire Kruger, Ph.D. Chief Financial Officer Chief Executive Officer rclayton@spherix.com ckruger@spherix.com Phone: 301-897-0616 Phone: 301-897-0611 For More Information, Please Contact: SPHERIX 6430 Rockledge Drive #503 Bethesda, MD 20817 301-897-2540 Fax: 301-897-2567 Toll Free: 1-866-SPHERIX http://www.spherix.com |