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EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - Impax Laboratories, LLCc03801exv31w1.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - Impax Laboratories, LLCc03801exv32w2.htm
EX-10.1 - EXHIBIT 10.1 - Impax Laboratories, LLCc03801exv10w1.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - Impax Laboratories, LLCc03801exv32w1.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - Impax Laboratories, LLCc03801exv31w2.htm
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2010
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                       to                      
Commission file number: 001-34263
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   65-0403311
     
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
organization)    
     
30831 Huntwood Avenue, Hayward, CA   94544
     
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
(510) 476-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer þ   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company o
        (Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
   
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
As of August 2, 2010, there were 63,435,696  shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
 
 

 

 


 

Impax Laboratories, Inc.
INDEX
         
 
 
       
       
 
       
    3  
 
       
    4  
 
       
    5  
 
       
    7  
 
       
    41  
 
       
    70  
 
       
    70  
 
       
 
 
       
    71  
 
       
    73  
 
       
    74  
 
       
    75  
 
       
    75  
 
       
    75  
 
       
    76  
 
       
    77  
 
       
    78  
 
       
 Exhibit 10.1
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1
 Exhibit 32.2

 

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
    2010     2009  
    (unaudited)        
ASSETS
               
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 177,444     $ 31,770  
Short-term investments
    150,666       58,599  
Accounts receivable, net
    136,015       185,854  
Inventory, net
    42,576       49,130  
Current portion of deferred product manufacturing costs-alliance agreements
    10,647       11,624  
Current portion of deferred income taxes
    35,047       32,286  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    2,380       4,748  
 
           
Total current assets
    554,775       374,011  
 
           
 
               
Property, plant and equipment, net
    103,021       101,650  
Deferred product manufacturing costs-alliance agreements
    96,962       96,619  
Deferred income taxes, net
    43,086       48,544  
Other assets
    22,704       12,358  
Goodwill
    27,574       27,574  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 848,122     $ 660,756  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities
               
Accounts payable
  $ 20,291     $ 23,295  
Accrued expenses
    73,144       62,055  
Accrued income taxes payable
    47,054       31,627  
Accrued profit sharing and royalty expenses
    30,671       53,695  
Current portion of deferred revenue-alliance agreements
    33,477       33,196  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    204,637       203,868  
 
           
 
               
Deferred revenue-alliance agreements
    224,347       224,522  
Other liabilities
    12,034       10,139  
 
           
Total liabilities
  $ 441,018     $ 438,529  
 
           
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
               
 
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares outstanding at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009
  $     $  
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 90,000,000 shares authorized and 63,659,520 and 62,210,089 shares issued at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively
    637       622  
Additional paid-in capital
    244,263       223,239  
Treasury stock — 243,729 shares
    (2,157 )     (2,157 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    493       (524 )
Retained earnings
    163,661       828  
 
           
 
    406,897       222,008  
Noncontrolling interest
    207       219  
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    407,104       222,227  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 848,122     $ 660,756  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.

 

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Impax Laboratories, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,     June 30,     June 30,  
    2010     2009     2010     2009  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Revenues:
                               
Global Product sales, net
  $ 137,638     $ 37,387     $ 446,743     $ 76,508  
Private Label Product sales
    339       2,220       1,011       3,517  
Rx Partner
    5,802       11,119       10,705       21,855  
OTC Partner
    2,309       1,628       4,074       3,486  
Research Partner
    3,494       2,833       6,879       5,444  
Promotional Partner
    3,500       3,224       7,003       6,508  
Other
          5             11  
 
                       
Total revenues
    153,082       58,416       476,415       117,329  
 
                       
Cost of revenues
    68,892       27,284       148,468       53,534  
 
                       
Gross profit
    84,190       31,132       327,947       63,795  
 
                       
 
                               
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    21,684       15,712       39,993       31,502  
Patent litigation
    1,769       1,394       3,753       2,411  
Litigation settlement
          619             855  
Selling, general and administrative
    11,443       9,420       23,929       20,905  
 
                       
Total operating expenses
    34,896       27,145       67,675       55,673  
 
                       
Income from operations
    49,294       3,987       260,272       8,122  
 
                       
Other (expense) income, net
    (25 )     3       (42 )     58  
Interest income
    192       307       274       456  
Interest expense
    (23 )     (256 )     (70 )     (550 )
 
                       
Income before income taxes
    49,438       4,041       260,434       8,086  
Provision for income taxes
    18,130       1,043       97,613       2,879  
 
                       
Net income before noncontrolling interest
    31,308       2,998       162,821       5,207  
Add back loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
    40       15       12       25  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 31,348     $ 3,013     $ 162,833     $ 5,232  
 
                       
 
                               
Net Income per share:
                               
Basic
  $ 0.51     $ 0.05     $ 2.65     $ 0.09  
 
                       
Diluted
  $ 0.48     $ 0.05     $ 2.51     $ 0.09  
 
                       
 
                               
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    61,876,599       60,112,308       61,444,707       59,912,829  
 
                       
Diluted
    65,538,805       60,552,344       64,887,770       60,384,179  
 
                       
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

 

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Impax Laboratories, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in thousands)
                 
    Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2010     2009  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
Cash flows from operating activities:
               
Net income
  $ 162,833     $ 5,232  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
               
 
               
Depreciation
    6,068       5,192  
Amortization of 3.5% Debentures discount and deferred financing costs
          301  
Amortization of Wachovia Credit Agreement deferred financing costs
    25       25  
Bad debt expense
    153       45  
Deferred income taxes (benefit)
    7,026       (6,972 )
Provision for uncertain tax positions
    24       463  
Tax benefit related to the exercise of employee stock options
    (4,329 )      
Deferred revenue-Alliance Agreements
    21,764       33,891  
Deferred product manufacturing costs-Alliance Agreements
    (8,791 )     (15,957 )
Deferred revenue recognized-Alliance Agreements
    (21,658 )     (30,785 )
Amortization deferred product manufacturing costs-Alliance Agreements
    9,425       13,884  
Accrued profit sharing and royalty expense
    71,902       424  
Profit sharing and royalty payments
    (94,925 )     (277 )
Payments on exclusivity period fee
          (6,000 )
Payments on accrued litigation settlements
    (5,865 )     (4,556 )
Share-based compensation expense
    5,234       3,193  
Accretion of interest income on short-term investments
    (168 )     (277 )
Changes in assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
    49,686       (10,269 )
Inventory
    6,554       (703 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    (7,852 )     1,899  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and income taxes payable
    29,151       7,751  
Other liabilities
    1,859       1,437  
 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  $ 228,116     $ (2,059 )
 
           
 
               
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Purchase of short-term investments
    (195,450 )     (41,772 )
Maturities of short-term investments
    103,551       31,687  
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    (7,690 )     (5,367 )
 
           
Net cash (used in) investing activities
  $ (99,589 )   $ (15,452 )
 
           
 
               
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Repayment of long-term debt
          (12,823 )
Tax benefit related to the exercise of employee stock options
    4,329        
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and ESPP
    12,818       3,257  
 
           
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
  $ 17,147     $ (9,566 )
 
           
 
               
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  $ 145,674     $ (27,077 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
  $ 31,770     $ 69,275  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 177,444     $ 42,198  
 
           

 

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Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
                 
    Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
(in $000s)   2010     2009  
Cash paid for interest
  $ 70     $ 511  
 
           
Cash paid for income taxes
  $ 75,195     $ 97  
 
           
Unpaid vendor invoices of approximately $ 3,613,000 and $ 1,467,000 which were accrued as of June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, are excluded from the purchase of property, plant, and equipment and the change in accounts payable and accrued expenses.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

 

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“Impax” or “the Company”), have been prepared based upon United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules permitting reduced disclosure for interim periods, and include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of statements of operations, statements of cash flows, and financial condition for the interim periods shown, including normal recurring accruals and other items. While certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations, the Company believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the operating parent company, Impax Laboratories, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiary, Impax Laboratories (Taiwan) Inc., and an equity investment in Prohealth Biotech, Inc. (“Prohealth”), in which the Company held a 58.11% majority ownership interest at June 30, 2010. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The unaudited results of operations and cash flows for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of the Company’s operations for any other interim period or for the full year ending December 31, 2010.
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 as filed with the SEC, wherein a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information can be found.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions, based on complex judgments considered reasonable, and affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant judgments are employed in estimates used in determining values of tangible and intangible assets, legal contingencies, tax assets and tax liabilities, fair value of share-based compensation of equity incentive awards issued to employees and directors, and estimates used in applying the Company’s revenue recognition policy including those related to accrued chargebacks, rebates, product returns, Medicare, Medicaid, and other government rebate programs, shelf-stock adjustments, and the timing and amount of deferred and recognized revenue and deferred and amortized manufacturing costs under the Company’s several alliance and collaboration agreements. Actual results may differ from estimated results. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, covering a wide range of matters, including, among others, patent litigation, and product and clinical trial liability. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) Topic 450, “Contingencies”, the Company records accrued loss contingencies when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, does not recognize gain contingencies until realized.

 

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2. REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete, which under SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Topic No. 13, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB 104”), is when revenue is realized or realizable and earned, and, additionally: there is persuasive evidence a revenue arrangement exists; delivery of goods or services has occurred; the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured.
The Company accounts for revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605, revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple elements, which addresses the determination of whether an arrangement involving multiple deliverables contains more than one unit of accounting. A delivered item within an arrangement is considered a separate unit of accounting only if all of the following criteria are met, including: the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand alone basis; there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered item; and, if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially in the control of the vendor. Under FASB ASC Topic 605, if the fair value of any undelivered element cannot be objectively or reliably determined, then separate accounting for the individual deliverables is not appropriate. Revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables constituting a single unit of accounting is recognizable generally over the greater of the term of the arrangement or the expected period of performance, either on a straight-line basis or on a proportional performance method.
Global Product sales, net:
The “Global Product sales, net” line item of the statement of operations, includes revenue recognized related to shipments of pharmaceutical products to the Company’s customers, primarily drug wholesalers and retail chains. Gross sales revenue is recognized at the time title and risk of loss passes to the customer — generally when product is received by the customer. Included in Global Product revenue are deductions from the gross sales price, including deductions related to estimates for chargebacks, rebates, returns, shelf-stock, and other pricing adjustments. The Company records an estimate for these deductions in the same period when revenue is recognized. A summary of each of these deductions is as follows:
Chargebacks — The Company’s chargeback is the difference between the Company’s invoice price to a wholesaler and the final price paid by the wholesaler. The final price paid by the wholesaler can be lower than the Company’s invoice price based upon the customer to whom the wholesaler sells the Company’s products. The chargeback generally takes the form of a credit against the invoiced gross sales amount charged to the wholesaler. A provision for chargeback deductions is estimated and recorded in the same period the revenue is recognized based upon the terms of the various chargeback arrangements in effect at the time of product shipment. The Company monitors actual chargebacks granted and compares them to the estimated provision for chargebacks to assess the reasonableness of the chargebacks reserve at each balance sheet date on a quarterly basis.
Rebates — The Company maintains various rebate programs with its Global products customers. The rebate programs are integral to the Company’s effort to maintain a competitive position in its marketplace, as well as to promote greater product sales along with customer loyalty. The rebates generally take the form of a credit against the invoiced gross sales amount charged to a customer for products shipped. A provision for rebate deductions is estimated and recorded in the same period when revenue is recognized based upon the terms of the various rebate programs in effect at the time of product shipment. The Company monitors actual rebates granted and compares them to the estimated provision for rebates to assess the reasonableness of the rebates reserve at each balance sheet date on a quarterly basis.

 

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2. REVENUE RECOGNITION (continued)
Returns — The Company allows its customers to return product (i) if approved by authorized personnel in writing or by telephone with the lot number and expiration date accompanying any request and (ii) if such products are returned within six months prior to or until twelve months following, the products’ expiration date. The Company estimates a provision for product returns as a percentage of gross sales based upon historical experience of Global product sales. The sales return reserve is estimated using a historical lag period — which is the time between when the product is sold and when it is ultimately returned, as determined from the Company’s system generated lag period report — and return rates, adjusted by estimates of the future return rates based on various assumptions, which may include changes to internal policies and procedures, changes in business practices, and commercial terms with customers, competitive position of each product, amount of inventory in the wholesaler supply chain, the introduction of new products, and changes in market sales information. The Company considers other factors when estimating its current period returns provision, including significant market changes which may impact future expected returns, and actual product returns. The Company monitors actual returns on a quarterly basis and may record specific provisions for returns it believes are not covered by historical percentages.
Medicaid Rebate — As required by law, the Company provides a rebate on drugs dispensed under the Medicaid program. The Company determines its estimated Medicaid rebate accrual primarily based on historical experience of claims submitted by the various states and any new information regarding changes in the Medicaid program which may impact the Company’s estimate of Medicaid rebates. In determining the appropriate accrual amount, the Company considers historical payment rates and processing lag for outstanding claims and payments. The Medicaid rebate accrual for the six months ended June 30, 2010 includes the effect of the increase in the Medicaid rebate rates, which were effective on a retroactive basis to January 1, 2010, resulting from the March 2010 enactment into law of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act (the “Acts”). The change in the Medicaid rebate rates resulting from the Acts did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations. The Company records estimates for Medicaid rebates as a deduction from gross sales, with corresponding adjustments to accrued liabilities.
Shelf-Stock Adjustment — The Company will occasionally reduce the selling price of certain products. The Company may issue a credit against the sales amount to customers based upon their remaining inventory of the product in question, provided the customer continues to make future purchases of product from the Company. This type of customer credit is referred to as a shelf-stock adjustment, which is the difference between the sales price and the revised lower sales price, multiplied by an estimate of the number of product units on hand at a given date. Decreases in selling prices are discretionary decisions made by the Company in response to market conditions, including estimated launch dates of competing products and estimated declines in market price.
Cash Discounts — The Company offers cash discounts to its customers, generally 2% of the sales price, as an incentive for paying within invoice terms, which generally range from 30 to 90 days. An estimate of cash discounts is recorded in the same period when revenue is recognized.

 

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2. REVENUE RECOGNITION (continued)
Private Label Product sales:
The “Private Label Product sales” line item of the statement of operations includes revenue recognized related to shipments of generic pharmaceutical products to customers who sell the product to third parties under their own label (i.e. these products are not sold under the Company’s label). Sales revenue is recognized at the time title and risk of loss passes to the customer — generally when product is received by the customer. Revenue received from Private Label Product sales is not subject to deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing adjustments. Additionally, Private Label Product sales do not have upfront, milestone, or lump-sum payments and do not contain multiple deliverables under FASB ASC Topic 605.
Rx Partner and OTC Partner:
The “Rx Partner” and “OTC Partner” line items of the statement of operations include revenue recognized under alliance agreements between the Company and other unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies. The Company has entered into these alliance agreements to develop marketing and /or distribution relationships with its partners to fully leverage its technology platform.
The Rx Partners and OTC Partners alliance agreements obligate the Company to deliver multiple goods and/or services over extended periods. Such deliverables include manufactured pharmaceutical products, exclusive and semi-exclusive marketing rights, distribution licenses, and research and development services, among others. In exchange for these deliverables, the Company receives payments from its alliance agreement partners for product shipments, and may also receive royalty, profit sharing, and/or upfront or periodic milestone payments. Revenue received from the alliance agreement partners for product shipments under these agreements is not subject to deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing adjustments. Royalty and profit sharing amounts the Company receives under these agreements are calculated by the respective alliance agreement partner, with such royalty and profit share amounts generally based upon estimates of net product sales or gross profit which include estimates of deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other adjustments the alliance agreement partners may negotiate with their customers. The Company records the alliance agreement partner’s adjustments to such estimated amounts in the period the alliance agreement partner reports the amounts to the Company.
The Company initially defers all revenue earned under its Rx Partners and OTC Partners alliance agreements. The deferred revenue is recorded as a liability captioned “Deferred revenue — alliance agreements.” The Company also defers its direct product manufacturing costs to the extent such costs are reimbursable by the Rx Partners and OTC Partners. These deferred product manufacturing costs are recorded as an asset captioned “Deferred product manufacturing costs — alliance agreements.” The product manufacturing costs in excess of amounts reimbursable by the Rx Partners or OTC Partners are recognized as current period cost of revenue.
The Company recognizes such deferred revenue as either Rx Partner revenue or OTC Partner revenue under the respective alliance agreement, and amortizes deferred product manufacturing costs as cost of revenues — as the Company fulfills its contractual obligations. Revenue is recognized over the respective alliance agreements’ term of the arrangement or the Company’s expected period of performance, using a modified proportional performance method, which results in a greater portion of the revenue being recognized in the period of initial recognition and the remaining balance being recognized ratably over either the remaining life of the arrangement or the Company’s expected period of performance of each respective alliance agreements.
Under the modified proportional performance method of revenue recognition utilized by the Company, the amount recognized in the period of initial recognition is based upon the number of years elapsed under the respective alliance agreement relative to the estimated total length of the recognition period. Under this method, the amount of revenue recognized in the year of initial recognition is determined by multiplying the total amount realized by a fraction, the numerator of which is the then current year of the alliance agreement and the denominator of which is the total estimated life of the alliance agreement. The amount recognized during each remaining year is an equal pro rata amount. Finally, cumulative revenue recognized is limited to the extent of cash collected and/or the fair value received. The Company’s judgment is this modified proportional performance method better aligns revenue recognition with performance under a long-term arrangement as compared to a straight-line method.

 

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2. REVENUE RECOGNITION (continued)
Research Partner:
The “Research Partner” line item of the statement of operations includes revenue recognized under development agreements with other unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies. The development agreements generally obligate the Company to provide research and development services over multiple periods. In exchange for this service, the Company received upfront payments upon signing of each development agreement and is eligible to receive contingent milestone payments, based upon the achievement of contractually specified events. Additionally, the Company may also receive royalty payments from the sale, if any, of a successfully developed and commercialized product under one of these development agreements. Revenue received from the provision of research and development services, including the upfront payment and the contingent milestone payments, if any, will be deferred and recognized on a straight line basis over the expected period of performance of the research and development services. Royalty fee income, if any, will be recognized by the Company as current period revenue when earned. The Company determined these agreements do not include multiple deliverables under FASB ASC Topic 605.
Promotional Partner:
The “Promotional Partner” line item of the statement of operations includes revenue recognized under promotional services agreements with other unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies. The promotional services agreements obligate the Company to provide physician detailing sales calls to promote its partners’ branded drug products over multiple periods. In exchange for this service, the Company has received fixed fees generally based on either the number of sales force representatives utilized in providing the services, or the number of sales calls made (up to contractual maximum amounts). The Company recognizes revenue from providing physician detailing services as those services are provided and as performance obligations are met and contingent payments, if any, at the time when they are earned. The Company determined these agreements do not include multiple deliverables under FASB ASC Topic 605.
Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs
Shipping and handling fees related to sales transactions are recorded as selling expense.

 

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3. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In September 2009, the FASB approved an update to the accounting standard related to multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements currently within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 605. The updated accounting standard provides principles and guidance to be used to determine whether a revenue arrangement has multiple deliverables, and if so, how those deliverables should be separated. If multiple deliverables exist, the updated standard requires revenue received under the arrangement to be allocated using the estimated selling price of the deliverables if vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of selling price is not available. The updated accounting standard is effective for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on, or after June 15, 2010, with early application permitted. The Company will determine the impact of the updated accounting standard as it enters into new revenue arrangements, or materially modifies any of its existing revenue arrangements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Accounting and Reporting for Decreases in Ownership of a Subsidiary — a Scope Clarification. This update provides amendments to Subtopic 810-10, and related guidance within US GAAP, to clarify the scope of the decrease in ownership provisions. For those entities that have already adopted Statement 160, the amendments are effective at the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period ending on or after December 15, 2009. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to the first period that an entity adopted Statement 160. Upon becoming effective this update did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-17, Revenue Recognition-Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), which addresses accounting for arrangements in which a vendor satisfies its performance obligations over time, with all or a portion of the consideration contingent on future events, referred to as “milestones.” The Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition is limited to arrangements which involve research or development activities. A milestone is defined as an event for which, at the date the arrangement is entered into, there is substantive uncertainty whether the event will be achieved, and the achievement of the event is based in whole or in part on either the vendor’s performance or a specific outcome resulting from the vendor’s performance. In addition, the achievement of the event would result in additional payments being due to the vendor. The Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition allows a vendor to adopt an accounting policy to recognize arrangement consideration that is contingent on the achievement of a substantive milestone in its entirety in the period the milestone is achieved. The Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition is effective on a prospective basis, with an option for retrospective application for milestones achieved in fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity elects early application in a period that is not the first reporting period of its fiscal year, then the guidance must be applied retrospectively from the beginning of that fiscal year. The Company will determine the impact of the new accounting standard as it achieves milestones, and earns payments under either new or existing revenue arrangements.

 

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4. INVESTMENTS
Investments consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and medium-term notes, government enterprise obligations, and /or certificates of deposit. The Company’s policy is to invest in only high quality “AAA-rated” or investment-grade securities. Investments in debt securities are accounted for as ‘held-to-maturity’ and are recorded at amortized cost, which approximates fair value, based upon observable market values. The Company has historically held all investments in debt securities until maturity, and has the ability and intent to continue to do so. All of the Company’s investments have remaining contractual maturities of less than 12 months and are classified as short-term. Upon maturity the Company uses a specific identification method.
A summary of short-term investments as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 follows:
                                 
            Gross     Gross        
(in $000’s)   Amortized     Unrecognized     Unrecognized     Fair  
June 30, 2010   Cost     Gains     Losses     Value  
Commercial paper
  $ 59,692     $ 4     $ (7 )   $ 59,689  
Government sponsored enterprise obligations
    87,239       52             87,291  
Corporate bonds
    3,495             (13 )     3,482  
Certificates of deposit
    240                   240  
 
                       
Total short-term investments
  $ 150,666     $ 56     $ (20 )   $ 150,702  
 
                       
                                 
            Gross     Gross        
(in $000’s)   Amortized     Unrecognized     Unrecognized     Fair  
December 31, 2009   Cost     Gains     Losses     Value  
Commercial paper
  $ 13,387     $ 4     $ (1 )   $ 13,390  
Government sponsored enterprise obligations
    41,953       32       (1 )     41,984  
Corporate bonds
    3,021       1       (1 )     3,021  
Certificates of deposit
    238                   238  
 
                       
Total short-term investments
  $ 58,599     $ 37     $ (3 )   $ 58,633  
 
                       

 

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5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
The composition of accounts receivable, net is as follows:
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
(in $000’s)   2010     2009  
Gross accounts receivable
  $ 191,132     $ 254,094  
Less: Chargeback reserve
    (25,669 )     (21,448 )
Less: Rebate reserve
    (19,521 )     (37,781 )
Less: Other deductions
    (9,927 )     (9,011 )
 
           
Accounts receivable, net
  $ 136,015     $ 185,854  
 
           
A roll forward of the chargeback and rebate reserves activity for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and the year ended December 31, 2009 is as follows:
                 
(in $000’s)   June 30,     December 31  
Chargeback reserve   2010     2009  
 
               
Beginning balance
  $ 21,448     $ 4,056  
Provision recorded during the period
    105,588       126,105  
Credits issued during the period
    (101,367 )     (108,713 )
 
           
Ending balance
  $ 25,669     $ 21,448  
 
           
                 
(in $000’s)   June 30,     December 31  
Rebate reserve   2010     2009  
 
               
Beginning balance
  $ 37,781     $ 4,800  
Provision recorded during the period
    51,767       72,620  
Credits issued during the period
    (70,027 )     (39,639 )
 
           
Ending balance
  $ 19,521     $ 37,781  
 
           
Other deductions include allowance for uncollectible amounts and cash discounts. The Company maintains an allowance for uncollectible amounts for estimated losses resulting from amounts deemed to be uncollectible from its customers, with such allowances for specific amounts on certain accounts. The Company recorded an allowance for uncollectible amounts of $ 558,000 and $ 372,000 at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.

 

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6. INVENTORY
Inventory, net at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 consisted of the following:
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
(in $000’s)   2010     2009  
Raw materials
  $ 32,204     $ 30,758  
Work in process
    3,235       2,768  
Finished goods
    13,846       17,051  
 
           
Total inventory, net
  $ 49,285     $ 50,577  
 
               
Less: Non-current inventory, net
    (6,709 )     (1,447 )
 
           
Total inventory-current, net
  $ 42,576     $ 49,130  
 
           
The balance of inventory carrying value reserves were $ 6,618,000 and $ 4,646,000 at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
To the extent inventory is not scheduled to be utilized in the manufacturing process and/or sold within twelve months of the balance sheet date, it is included as a component of other non-current assets. Amounts classified as non-current inventory consist of raw materials, net of valuation reserves. Raw materials generally have a shelf life of approximately three to five years, while finished goods generally have a shelf life of approximately two years.
When the Company concludes United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval is expected within approximately six months, the Company will generally begin to schedule manufacturing process validation studies as required by FDA to demonstrate the production process can be scaled up to manufacture commercial batches. Consistent with industry practice, the Company may build quantities of pre-launch inventories of certain products pending required final FDA approval and/or resolution of patent infringement litigation, when, in the Company’s assessment, such action is appropriate to increase the commercial opportunity, FDA approval is expected in the near term, and/or the litigation will be resolved in the Company’s favor.
The Company recognizes pre-launch inventories at the lower of its cost or the expected net selling price. Cost is determined using a standard cost method, which approximates actual cost, and assumes a FIFO flow of goods. Costs of unapproved products are the same as approved products and include materials, labor, quality control, and production overhead. The carrying value of unapproved inventory, less reserves, was approximately $ 1,939,000 and $ 8,702,000 at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
The capitalization of unapproved pre-launch inventory involves risks, including, among other items, FDA approval of product may not occur; approvals may require additional or different testing and/or specifications than used for unapproved inventory, and, in cases where the unapproved inventory is for a product subject to litigation, the litigation may not be resolved or settled in favor of the Company. If any of these risks were to materialize and the launch of the unapproved product delayed or prevented, then the net carrying value of unapproved inventory may be partially or fully reserved. Generally, the selling price of a generic pharmaceutical product is at discount from the corresponding brand product selling price. Typically, a generic drug is easily substituted for the corresponding brand product, and once a generic product is approved, the pre-launch inventory is typically sold within the next three months. If the market prices become lower than the product inventory carrying costs, then the pre-launch inventory value is reduced to such lower market value. If the inventory produced exceeds the estimated market acceptance of the generic product and becomes short-dated, a carrying value reserve will be recorded. In all cases, the carrying value of the Company’s pre-launch product inventory is lower than the respective estimated net selling prices.

 

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7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following:
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
(in $000’s)   2010     2009  
Land
  $ 2,270     $ 2,270  
Buildings and improvements
    79,468       77,778  
Equipment
    64,407       59,612  
Office furniture and equipment
    7,657       7,425  
Construction-in-progress
    5,589       4,880  
 
           
Property, plant and equipment, gross
  $ 159,391     $ 151,965  
 
               
Less: Accumulated depreciation
    (56,370 )     (50,315 )
 
           
Property, plant and equipment, net
  $ 103,021     $ 101,650  
 
           
Depreciation expense was $ 3,122,000 and $ 2,648,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and $ 6,068,000 and $ 5,192,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

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8. ACCRUED EXPENSES
The following table sets forth the Company’s accrued expenses:
                 
    June 30     December 31  
(in $000’s)   2010     2009  
Payroll-related expenses
  $ 14,298     $ 15,274  
Product returns
    32,265       22,114  
Shelf stock adjustments
    563       225  
Medicaid rebates
    17,739       9,759  
Physician detailing sales force fees
    2,350       2,449  
Legal and professional fees
    3,265       3,660  
Litigation settlements
          5,865  
Other
    2,664       2,709  
 
           
Total accrued expenses
  $ 73,144     $ 62,055  
 
           
Accrued Litigation Settlement Expenses
In January 2010, the Company entered into an agreement to settle a suit related to the Company’s Lipram UL products. Under the terms of this agreement, the Company agreed to reimburse the plaintiff for litigation costs, which was paid by the Company in January 2010. The Company recorded an accrued expense for this payment in the year ended December 31, 2009, along with corresponding incurred legal and professional fees, as litigation settlement expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
On January 28, 2009, the Company entered into an agreement settling the securities class actions pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Under the terms of the settlement, plaintiffs agreed to dismiss the actions with prejudice, and defendants, including the Company, without admitting the allegations or any liability, agreed to pay the plaintiff class $ 9.0 million, of which the Company paid approximately $ 3.4 million in January 2009, with the balance paid by the Company’s directors and officers liability insurance carriers. The Company recorded an accrued expense for its portion of the settlement payment, in the year ended December 31, 2008.
Taiwan Facility Construction
The Company has constructed a facility in Jhunan Taiwan, R.O.C., intended to be utilized for manufacturing, research and development, warehouse, and administrative space. In conjunction with the construction of this facility, the Company entered into several contracts aggregating approximately $ 16,617,000 as of June 30, 2010. As of June 30, 2010, the Company had remaining obligations under these contracts of approximately $ 1,164,000, which is included in the other line in the table above. The Company cumulatively capitalized interest expense of $ 596,000 in conjunction with the construction of the Taiwan facility.
Product Returns
The Company maintains a product return policy to allow customers to return product within specified guidelines. The Company estimates a provision for product returns as a percentage of gross sales based upon historical experience for sales made through its Global Products sales channel. Sales of product under the Private Label, the Rx Partner, and the OTC Partners alliance agreements generally are not subject to returns. A roll forward of the product return reserve for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and the year ended December 31, 2009, is as follows:
                 
(in $000’s)   June 30,     December 31,  
Product Return Reserve   2010     2009  
(in $000’s)
               
Beginning balance
  $ 22,114     $ 13,675  
Provision related to sales recorded in the period
    11,996       11,847  
Credits issued during the period
    (1,845 )     (3,408 )
 
           
Ending balance
  $ 32,265     $ 22,114  
 
           
Purchase Order Commitments
As of June 30, 2010, the Company had approximately $ 25,615,000 of open purchase order commitments, primarily for raw materials. The terms of these purchase order commitments are less than one year in duration.

 

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9. INCOME TAXES
The Company calculates its interim income tax provision in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 270 and 740. At the end of each interim period, the Company makes an estimate of the annual expected effective tax rate and applies the estimated effective rate to its ordinary year-to-date taxable earnings or loss. In addition, the effect of changes in enacted tax laws, rates, or tax status is recognized in the interim period in which such change occurs.
The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income (or loss) earned and taxed in United States, and the various state and local tax jurisdictions, as well as tax jurisdictions outside the United States, along with permanent and temporary differences, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, more experience is acquired or additional information is obtained. The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate includes modifications, which were projected for the year, for share-based compensation, the domestic manufacturing deduction, and state research and development credits, among others.
During the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company recorded a tax provision of $ 97,613,000 for United States domestic income taxes and for foreign income taxes. The six months ended June 30, 2010 tax provision also included an accrual for uncertain tax positions of $ 24,000. In the six months ended June 30, 2009, the Company recorded a tax provision of $ 2,879,000 for United States domestic income taxes and for foreign income taxes. The six months ended June 30, 2009 tax provision also included an accrual for uncertain tax positions of $ 463,000. The increase in the tax provision was driven by higher income before taxes in the six months ended June 30, 2010. The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2010 does not include the effect of the federal research and development tax credit which expired on December 31, 2009, and as of the June 30, 2010 balance sheet date, has not been reinstated. The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2009 included the effect of the federal research and development tax credit.

 

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10. REVOLVING LINE OF CREDIT
The Company has a $ 35,000,000 revolving credit facility under a credit agreement with Wachovia Bank, N.A. (a Wells Fargo subsidiary) (“Credit Agreement”), with a September 30, 2010 expiration date, effective with a fifth amendment to the Credit Agreement executed in July 2010. The revolving credit facility, intended for working capital and general corporate purposes, is collateralized by eligible accounts receivable, inventory, and machinery and equipment, subject to limitations and other terms. There were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
The interest rate for the revolving credit facility is set at either the prime rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% or LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.0% based upon certain terms and conditions. The Company is required to pay an unused line fee of 50 basis points per annum and a servicing fee of $ 1,500 during any month in which no revolver loans are outstanding. During the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, the Company paid unused line fees of $ 88,000 and $ 83,000, respectively.
The Credit Agreement contains various financial covenants, the most significant of which include a “fixed charge coverage ratio” and a capital expenditure limitation. The fixed charge coverage ratio, applicable only for periods during which the Company’s net cash position is less than $ 50.0 million, requires EBITDA less cash paid for taxes, dividends, and certain capital expenditures, to be not less than 1.25 to 1.00 as compared to scheduled principal payments coming due in the next 12 months plus cash interest paid during the applicable period. The Company is limited to capital expenditures of no more than $ 25.0 million for each calendar year. The Credit Agreement also provides for certain information reporting covenants, including a requirement to provide certain periodic financial information. At June 30, 2010, the Company was in compliance with the various financial and information reporting covenants contained in the Credit Agreement.

 

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11. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS
Strategic Alliance Agreement with Teva
The following tables show the additions to and deductions from the deferred revenue and deferred product manufacturing costs under the Teva Agreement:
                 
    Six Months        
    Ended     Inception  
(in $000’s)   June 30,     Through  
Deferred revenue   2010     Dec 31, 2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 202,032     $  
Additions:
               
Product-related and cost sharing
    10,084       417,269  
Exclusivity charges
          (50,600 )
All other
          12,527  
 
           
Total additions
  $ 10,084     $ 379,196  
 
           
 
               
Less: amount recognized
    (10,702 )     (177,164 )
 
           
Total deferred revenue
  $ 201,414     $ 202,032  
 
           
                 
    Six Months        
(in $000’s)   Ended     Inception  
Deferred product   June 30,     Through  
manufacturing costs   2010     Dec 31, 2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 94,040     $  
Additions
    7,416       175,565  
Less: amount amortized
    (6,030 )     (81,525 )
 
           
Total deferred product manufacturing costs
  $ 95,426     $ 94,040  
 
           

 

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11. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS (continued)
OTC Partners Alliance Agreements
The following table shows the additions to and deductions from deferred revenue and deferred product manufacturing costs under the OTC Agreements:
                 
    Six Months        
    Ended     Inception  
(in $000’s)   June 30     Through  
Deferred revenue   2010     Dec 31, 2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 16,162     $  
Additions:
               
Upfront fees and milestone payments
          8,436  
Cost-sharing and other
          1,642  
Product-related deferrals
    1,680       83,826  
 
           
Total additions
  $ 1,680     $ 93,904  
 
           
 
Less: amount recognized
    (4,074 )     (77,742 )
 
           
Total deferred revenue
  $ 13,768     $ 16,162  
 
           
                 
    Six Months        
(in $000’s)   Ended     Inception  
Deferred product   June 30,     Through  
manufacturing costs   2010     Dec 31, 2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 14,203     $  
Additions
    1,375       77,870  
Less: amount amortized
    (3,395 )     (63,667 )
 
           
Total deferred product manufacturing costs
  $ 12,183     $ 14,203  
 
           

 

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11. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS (continued)
Joint Development Agreement with Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation
The Joint Development Agreement provides for the Company and Medicis to collaborate in the development of a total of five dermatology products, including four of the Company’s generic products and one branded advanced form of Medicis’s SOLODYN® product. Under the provisions of The Joint Development Agreement the Company received a $ 40,000,000 upfront payment, paid by Medicis in December 2008. The Company has also received an aggregate $ 12,000,000 in milestone payments composed of two $ 5,000,000 milestone payments, paid by Medicis in March 2009 and September 2009, and a $ 2,000,000 milestone payment received in December 2009. The Company has the potential to receive up to an additional $ 11,000,000 of contingent milestone payments upon achievement of certain contractually specified clinical and regulatory milestones, as well as the potential to receive royalty payments from sales, if any, by Medicis of its advanced form SOLODYN® brand product. Finally, to the extent the Company commercializes any of its four generic dermatology products covered by the Joint Development Agreement, the Company will pay to Medicis a 50% gross profit share on sales, if any, of such products.
The following table shows the additions to and deductions from deferred revenue and deferred product manufacturing costs under the Joint Development Agreement with Medicis:
                 
    Six Months        
    Ended     Inception  
(in $000’s)   June 30,     Through  
Deferred revenue   2010     Dec 31, 2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 39,487     $  
Additions:
               
Upfront fees and milestone payments
          52,000  
Product-related deferrals
           
 
           
Total additions
  $     $ 52,000  
 
           
 
               
Less: amount recognized
    (6,769 )     (12,513 )
 
           
Total deferred revenue
  $ 32,718     $ 39,487  
 
           

 

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11. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS (continued)
Agreements with Shire LLC
License and Distribution Agreement
In January 2006, the Company entered into a License and Distribution Agreement with an affiliate of Shire Laboratories, Inc. (“License and Distribution Agreement”), under which the Company received a non-exclusive license to market and sell an authorized generic of Shire’s Adderall XR® product (“AG Product”) subject to certain conditions, but in any event by no later than January 1, 2010. The Company commenced sales of the AG Product in October 2009. Under the terms of the License and Distribution Agreement with Shire, Shire is responsible for manufacturing the AG Product, and the Company is responsible for marketing and sales of the AG Product. The Company is required to pay a profit share to Shire on sales of the AG Product. The Company accrued a profit share payable of $ 71,905,000 and $ 0 on sales of the AG Product during the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, with a corresponding charge included in the Cost of revenues line on the consolidated statement of operations.
Promotional Services Agreement
In January 2006, the Company entered into a Promotional Services Agreement with an affiliate of Shire Laboratories, Inc. (“Shire Agreement”), under which the Company was engaged to perform physician detailing sales calls services in support of Shire’s Carbatrol® product. The Company was obligated to perform the detailing sales calls for a period of three years which began on July 1, 2006 and ended on June 30, 2009. The Shire Agreement required Shire to pay the Company a sales force fee of up to $ 200,000 annually for each of as many as 66 sales force members. The Company recognized $ 0 and $ 6,508,000 in sales force fee revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, under the Shire Agreement, with such amounts presented in the captioned line item “Promotional Partner” under revenues on the consolidated statement of operations.

 

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11. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS (continued)
Co-Promotion Agreement with Pfizer
In March 2010, the Company and Pfizer entered into the First Amendment to the Co-Promotion Agreement (originally entered into with Wyeth, now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer) (“Co-Promotion Agreement”). Under the terms of the Co-Promotion Agreement, effective April 1, 2010, the Company provides physician detailing sales call services for Pfizer’s Lyrica® product to neurologists. The Company receives a fixed fee, subject to annual cost adjustment, for providing such physician detailing sales calls within a contractually defined range of an aggregate number of physician detailing sales calls rendered, determined on a quarterly basis. Under the terms of the Co-Promotion Agreement, the fixed fee payment structure was effective January 1, 2010. There is no opportunity for the Company to earn incentive fees under the terms of the Co-Promotion Agreement. Pfizer is responsible for providing sales training to the Company’s physician detailing sales force personnel. Pfizer owns the product and is responsible for all pricing and marketing literature as well as product manufacture and fulfillment. The Company recognizes the physician detailing sales force fee revenue as the related services are performed and the performance obligations are met. The Company recognized $ 7,003,000 and $ 0 in the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, under the Co-Promotion Agreement, with such amounts presented in the captioned line item “Promotional Partner” under revenues on the consolidated statement of operations.
As noted above, the Company previously entered into a three year Co-Promotion Agreement with Wyeth, an unrelated third-party pharmaceutical company, prior to Wyeth becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer, under which the Company performed physician detailing sales calls for the Wyeth Pristiq® product to neurologists, with such services commencing on July 1, 2009, and ending in connection with the amendment of the Co-Promotion Agreement described above. Wyeth paid the Company a service fee, subject to an annual cost adjustment, for each physician detailing sales call. During the term of the Co-Promotion Agreement, before being amended, the Company was required to complete a minimum and maximum number of physician detailing sales calls. Wyeth was responsible for providing sales training to the Company’s sales force. Wyeth owned the product and was responsible for all pricing and marketing literature as well as product manufacture and fulfillment. The Company recognized service fee revenue as the related physician detailing sales call services were performed and the performance obligations were met. The Company did not earn any incentive fee revenue under the terms of the (former) Wyeth Co-Promotion Agreement.

 

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11. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS (continued)
Development and Co-Promotion Agreement with Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
In June 2010, the Company and Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Endo”) entered into a Development and Co-Promotion Agreement (“Endo Agreement”) under which the Company and Endo have agreed to collaborate in the development and commercialization of a next-generation advanced form of the Company’s lead branded product candidate (“Endo Agreement Product”). Under the provisions of the Endo Agreement, in June 2010, Endo paid to the Company a $ 10,000,000 up-front payment. The Company has the potential to receive up to an additional $ 30,000,000 of contingent payments upon achievement of certain specified clinical and regulatory milestones. Upon commercialization of the Endo Agreement Product in the United States, Endo will have the right to co-promote such product to non-neurologists, which will require the Company to pay Endo a co-promotion service fee of up to 100% of the gross profits attributable to prescriptions for the Endo Agreement Product which are written by the non-neurologists.
The $ 10,000,000 up-front payment is being recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over a period of 91 months, which is the estimated expected period of performance of the Company’s research and development activities, commencing with the June 2010 effective date of the Endo Agreement and ending in December 2017, the estimated date of FDA approval of the Company’s NDA. The FDA approval of the NDA for the Endo Agreement Product represents the end of the Company’s expected period of performance, as the Company will have no further contractual obligation to perform research and development activities under the Endo Agreement, and therefore the earnings process will be completed. Deferred revenue is recorded as a liability captioned “Deferred revenue-alliance agreement.” Revenue recognized under the Endo Agreement is reported on the consolidated statement of operations, in the line item captioned Research Partner. The Company determined the straight-line method aligns revenue recognition with performance as the level of research and development activities performed under the Endo Agreement are expected to be performed on a ratable basis over the estimated expected period of performance.
Upon FDA approval of the Company’s NDA for the Endo Agreement Product, the Company will have the right (but not the obligation) to begin manufacture and sale of such product. The Company will sell its manufactured branded product to customers in the ordinary course of business through its Impax Pharmaceuticals Division. The Company will account for the sale of the product covered by the Endo Agreement as current period revenue. The co-promotion service fee paid to Endo, as described above, if any, will be accounted for as a current period selling expense as incurred.

 

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11. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS (continued)
Exclusive License, Development and Supply Agreement with Putney
On July 31, 2007, the Company, and Putney Inc. (“Putney”), entered into an Exclusive License, Development and Supply Agreement (“Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the Company and Putney agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialization of a generic equivalent of the Rimadyl® chewable tablets in 25mg, 75mg, and/or 100mg dosage strengths. In May 2009, the Company received a $ 50,000 milestone payment from Putney upon completion of successful pivotal bioequivalence studies. The Company has the potential to receive a $ 50,000 contingent additional milestone payment upon final FDA approval of an Abbreviated New Animal Drug Application (“ANADA”). To the extent the ANADA is approved by FDA, the Company will be the exclusive manufacturer of the product, while Putney will have exclusive rights to market and sell the product in the United States. Putney will pay the Company a profit share on any sales of the new product. The term of the Agreement is a period of six years from the date of first commercial sale. At this time, the Company estimates a March 2011 FDA ANADA approval and product launch. Accordingly, the life of the Agreement with Putney is currently estimated to be a period of 116 months beginning on the July 31, 2007 signing date, and ending on March 31, 2017.

 

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12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company recognizes the fair value of each stock option and restricted share over its vesting period. Stock options and restricted stock awards are granted under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan (“2002 Plan”) and generally vest over a three or four year period and have a term of ten years.
Total share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations was as follows:
                                 
    Three Months Ended:     Six Months Ended:  
    June 30,     June 30,     June 30,     June 30,  
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
 
                               
Manufacturing expenses
  $ 461     $ 387     $ 1,360     $ 736  
Research and development
    840       648       1,738       1,250  
Selling, general & administrative
    1,060       721       2,136       1,207  
 
                       
Total
  $ 2,361     $ 1,756     $ 5,234     $ 3,193  
 
                       
The following table summarizes stock option activity:
                 
            Weighted Average  
    Number of Shares     Exercise Price  
    Under Option     per Share  
Outstanding at December 31, 2009
    8,229,818     $ 9.87  
 
             
Options granted
    319,000     $ 20.17  
Options exercised
    (1,350,720 )   $ 8.88  
Options forfeited
    (104,998 )   $ 9.15  
 
             
Outstanding at June 30, 2010
    7,093,100     $ 10.54  
 
             
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2010
    7,589,065     $ 10.53  
 
             
Options exercisable at June 30, 2010
    3,886,548     $ 11.50  
 
             
The Company estimated the fair value of each stock option award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes Merton option-pricing model, wherein: expected volatility is based solely on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period commensurate with the expected term of the stock options. The expected term calculation is based on the “simplified” method described in SAB No. 107, Share-Based Payment and SAB No. 110, Share-Based Payment as the Company has limited historical experience of option exercise activity. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for an instrument with a maturity that is commensurate with the expected term of the stock options. The dividend yield of zero is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on its common stock, and has no present intention to pay cash dividends.
A summary of the Company’s non-vested restricted stock awards is presented below:
                 
            Weighted Average  
Restricted   Number of Restricted     Grant-Date  
Stock Awards   Stock Awards     Fair Value  
Non-vested at December 31, 2009
    1,152,923     $ 7.72  
Granted
    156,700     $ 18.63  
Vested
    (219,970 )   $ 7.63  
Forfeited
    (40,190 )   $ 8.53  
 
             
Non-vested at June 30, 2010
    1,049,463     $ 9.34  
 
             
The Company grants restricted stock awards to certain eligible employees and directors as a component of its long-term incentive compensation program. The restricted stock award grants are made in accordance with the Company’s 2002 Plan, and typically specify the restricted stock awards underlying shares of common stock are not issued until they vest. The restricted stock awards generally vest ratably over a three or four year period from the date of grant.

 

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12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)
As of June 30, 2010, the Company had total unrecognized share-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, of $ 23,242,000 related to all of its share-based awards, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 was $ 12,897,000 and $ 2,690,000, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock awards which vested during the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 was $ 1,677,000 and $ 285,000, respectively. In May 2010, the Company’s stockholders approved an increase of 2,000,000 in the number of shares available for issuance of equity incentive awards including stock options, restricted stock awards and stock appreciation rights under the Company’s 2002 Plan. As of June 30, 2010, the Company had 3,128,336 shares of common stock available for issuance of stock options, restricted stock awards or stock appreciation rights.

 

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13. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock
Pursuant to its certificate of incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue 2,000,000 shares, $ 0.01 par value per share, “blank check” preferred stock, which enables the Board of Directors, from time to time, to create one or more new series of preferred stock. Each series of preferred stock issued can have the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions designated by the Board of Directors. The issuance of any new series of preferred stock could affect, among other things, the dividend, voting, and liquidation rights of the Company’s common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, the Company did not issue any preferred stock.
Common Stock
The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, authorizes the Company to issue 90,000,000 shares of common stock with $ 0.01 par value.
Shareholders Rights Plan
On January 20, 2009, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of a shareholder rights plan and declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of common stock of the Company. Under certain circumstances, if a person or group acquires, or announces its intention to acquire, beneficial ownership of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock, each holder of such right (other than the third party triggering such exercise), would be able to purchase, upon exercise of the right at a $ 15 exercise price, subject to adjustment, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock having a market value of two times the exercise price of the right. Subject to certain exceptions, if the Company is consolidated with, or merged into, another entity and the Company is not the surviving entity in such transaction or shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities of any other person, cash or any other property, or more than 50% of the Company’s assets or earning power is sold or transferred, then each holder of the rights would be able to purchase, upon the exercise of the right at a $15 exercise price, subject to adjustment, the number of shares of common stock of the third party acquirer having a market value of two times the exercise price of the right. The rights expire on January 20, 2012, unless extended by the Board of Directors. In connection with the shareholder rights plan, the Board of Directors designated 100,000 shares of series A junior participating preferred stock.

 

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14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The company’s earnings per share (EPS) includes basic net income per share, computed by dividing net income (as presented on the consolidated statement of operations), by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, along with diluted earnings per share, computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. A reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 was as follows:
                                 
    Three Months Ended:     Six Months Ended:  
    June 30,     June 30,     June 30,     June 30,  
(in $000’s except per share amounts)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
 
                               
Numerator:
                               
Net income
  $ 31,348     $ 3,013     $ 162,833     $ 5,232  
 
                       
 
                               
Denominator:
                               
Weighted average common shares outstanding
    61,876,599       60,112,308       61,444,707       59,912,829  
 
                               
Effect of dilutive options and common stock purchase warrants
    3,662,206       440,036       3,443,063       471,350  
 
                       
 
                               
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
    65,538,805       60,552,344       64,887,770       60,384,179  
 
                               
Basic net income per share
  $ 0.51     $ 0.05     $ 2.65     $ 0.09  
 
                       
Diluted net income per share
  $ 0.48     $ 0.05     $ 2.51     $ 0.09  
 
                       
For the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, the Company excluded 1,071,691 and 7,671,619, respectively and for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, the Company excluded 1,234,941 and 7,733,856, respectively, of stock options from the computation of diluted net income per common share as the effect of these options would have been anti-dilutive.
15. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
                                 
    Three Months Ended:     Six Months Ended:  
    June 30,     June 30,     June 30,     June 30,  
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     2010     2009  
 
                               
Net income
  $ 31,348     $ 3,013     $ 162,833     $ 5,232  
Currency translation adjustments
    670       729       1,017       29  
 
                       
Comprehensive income
    32,018       3,742       163,850       5,261  
 
                               
Comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
                       
 
                       
 
                               
Comprehensive income attributable to Impax Laboratories, Inc.
  $ 32,018     $ 3,742     $ 163,850     $ 5,261  
 
                       

 

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16. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable segments, the “Global Pharmaceuticals Division” (“Global Division”) and the “Impax Pharmaceuticals Division” (“Impax Division”). The Company currently markets and sells product within the continental United States of America and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
The Global Division develops, manufactures, sells, and distributes generic pharmaceutical products, primarily through the following sales channels: the Global Products sales channel, for sales of generic prescription products, directly to wholesalers, large retail drug chains, and others; the Private Label Product sales channel, for generic pharmaceutical over-the-counter and prescription products sold to unrelated third-party customers, who in-turn sell the products to third-parties under their own label; the Rx Partner sales channel, for generic prescription products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements; and the OTC Partner sales channel, for over-the-counter products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements. The Company also generates revenue from research and development services provided under a joint development agreement with another unrelated third-party pharmaceutical company, and reports such revenue under the caption “Research Partner” revenue on the consolidated statement of operations. The Company provides these services through the research and development group in its Global Division.
The Impax Division is engaged in the development of proprietary branded pharmaceutical products through improvements to already-approved pharmaceutical products to address central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The Impax Division is also engaged in product co-promotion through a direct sales force focused on promoting to physicians, primarily in the CNS community, pharmaceutical products developed by other unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities. The Company also generates revenue from research and development services provided under a development and license agreement with another unrelated third-party pharmaceutical company, and reports such revenue under the caption “Research Partner” revenue on the consolidated statement of operations. The Company provides these services through the research and development group in its Impax Division.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the financial performance of the Company’s segments based upon segment income (loss) before income taxes. Items below income (loss) from operations are not reported by segment, except litigation settlements, since they are excluded from the measure of segment profitability reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. Additionally, general and administrative expenses, certain selling expenses, certain litigation settlements, and non-operating income and expenses are included in “Corporate and Other.” The Company does not report balance sheet information by segment since it is not reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The accounting policies for the Company’s segments are the same as those described above in the discussion of “Revenue Recognition” and in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009. The Company has no inter-segment revenue.

 

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16. SEGMENT INFORMATION (continued)
The tables below present segment information reconciled to total Company consolidated financial results, with segment operating income or loss including gross profit less direct research and development expenses, and direct selling expenses as well as any litigation settlements, to the extent specifically identified by segment:
                                 
(in $000’s)   Global     Impax     Corporate     Total  
Three Months Ended June 30, 2010   Division     Division     and Other     Company  
Revenue, net
  $ 149,472     $ 3,610     $     $ 153,082  
Cost of revenue
    65,599       3,293             68,892  
Research and development
    10,929       10,755             21,684  
Patent Litigation
    1,769                   1,769  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
  $ 68,062     $ (11,176 )   $ (7,448 )   $ 49,438  
                                 
(in $000’s)   Global     Impax     Corporate     Total  
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009   Division     Division     and Other     Company  
Revenue, net
  $ 55,192     $ 3,224     $     $ 58,416  
Cost of revenue
    24,007       3,277             27,284  
Research and development
    9,578       6,134             15,712  
Patent Litigation
    1,394                   1,394  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
  $ 17,740     $ (6,914 )   $ (6,785 )   $ 4,041  
                                 
(in $000’s)   Global     Impax     Corporate     Total  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010   Division     Division     and Other     Company  
Revenue, net
  $ 469,302     $ 7,113     $     $ 476,415  
Cost of revenue
    142,031       6,437             148,468  
Research and development
    20,364       19,629             39,993  
Patent Litigation
    3,753                   3,753  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
  $ 296,706     $ (20,500 )   $ (15,772 )   $ 260,434  
                                 
(in $000’s)   Global     Impax     Corporate     Total  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009   Division     Division     and Other     Company  
Revenue, net
  $ 110,821     $ 6,508     $     $ 117,329  
Cost of revenue
    47,240       6,294             53,534  
Research and development
    19,853       11,649             31,502  
Patent Litigation
    2,411                   2,411  
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
  $ 36,251     $ (13,202 )   $ (14,963 )   $ 8,086  

 

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17. LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS
Patent Litigation
There is substantial litigation in the pharmaceutical, biological, and biotechnology industries with respect to the manufacture, use, and sale of new products which are the subject of conflicting patent and intellectual property claims. One or more patents typically cover most of the brand name products for which the Company is developing generic versions.
Under federal law, when a drug developer files an ANDA for a generic drug, seeking approval before expiration of a patent, which has been listed with the FDA as covering the brand name product, the developer must certify its product will not infringe the listed patent(s) and/or the listed patent is invalid or unenforceable (commonly referred to as a “Paragraph IV” certification). Notices of such certification must be provided to the patent holder, who may file a suit for patent infringement within 45 days of the patent holder’s receipt of such notice. If the patent holder files suit within the 45 day period, the FDA can review and tentatively approve the ANDA, but is prevented from granting final marketing approval of the product until a final judgment in the action has been rendered in favor of the generic, or 30 months from the date the notice was received, whichever is sooner. Lawsuits have been filed against the Company in connection the Company’s Paragraph IV certifications.
Should a patent holder commence a lawsuit with respect to an alleged patent infringement by the Company, the uncertainties inherent in patent litigation make the outcome of such litigation difficult to predict. The delay in obtaining FDA approval to market the Company’s product candidates as a result of litigation, as well as the expense of such litigation, whether or not the Company is ultimately successful, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial position. In addition, there can be no assurance any patent litigation will be resolved prior to the end of the 30-month period. As a result, even if the FDA were to approve a product upon expiration of the 30-month period, the Company may elect to not commence marketing the product if patent litigation is still pending.
Further, under the Teva Agreement, the Company and Teva have agreed to share in fees and costs related to patent infringement litigation associated with the 12 products covered by the Teva Agreement. For the six products with ANDAs already filed with the FDA at the time the Teva Agreement was signed, Teva is required to pay 50% of the fees and costs in excess of $ 7,000,000; for three of the products with ANDAs filed since the Teva Agreement was signed, Teva is required to pay 45% of the fees and costs; and for the remaining three products, Teva is required to pay 50% of the fees and costs. The Company is responsible for the remaining fees and costs relating to these 12 products.
The Company is responsible for all of the patent litigation fees and costs associated with current and future products not covered by the Teva Agreement. The Company records as expense the costs of patent litigation as incurred.
Although the outcome and costs of the asserted and unasserted claims is difficult to predict, the Company does not expect the ultimate liability, if any, for such matters to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

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17. LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS (continued)
Patent Infringement Litigation
AstraZeneca AD et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Omeprazole)
In litigation commenced against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware in May 2000, AstraZeneca AB alleged the Company’s submission of an ANDA seeking FDA permission to market Omeprazole Delayed Release Capsules, 10mg, 20mg and 40mg, constituted infringement of AstraZeneca’s U.S. patents relating to its Prilosec® product and sought an order enjoining the Company from marketing its product until expiration of the patents. The case, along with several similar suits against other manufacturers of generic versions of Prilosec®, was subsequently transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. In September 2004, following expiration of the 30-month stay, the FDA approved the Company’s ANDA, and the Company and its alliance agreement partner, Teva, commenced commercial sales of the Company’s product. In January 2005, AstraZeneca added claims of willful infringement, for damages, and for enhanced damages on the basis of this commercial launch. Claims for damages were subsequently dropped from the suit against the Company, but were included in a separate suit filed against Teva. In May 2007, the court found the product infringed two of AstraZeneca’s patents and these patents were not invalid. The court ordered FDA approval of the Company’s ANDA be converted to a tentative approval, with a final approval date not before October 20, 2007, the expiration date of the relevant pediatric exclusivity period. In August 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the lower court’s decision of infringement and validity. In January, 2010, AstraZeneca, Teva and the Company entered into a settlement agreement and the suits against both Teva and the Company were dismissed.
Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Fexofenadine/Pseudoephedrine)
The Company is a defendant in an action brought in March 2002 by Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc. and others in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging the Company’s proposed Fexofenadine and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride tablets, generic to Allegra-D®, infringe seven Aventis patents and seeking an injunction preventing the Company from marketing the products until expiration of the patents. The case has since been consolidated with similar actions brought by Aventis against five other manufacturers (including generics to both Allegra® and Allegra-D®). In March 2004, Aventis and AMR Technology, Inc. filed a complaint and first amended complaint against the Company and one of the other defendants alleging infringement of two additional patents, owned by AMR and licensed to Aventis, relating to a synthetic process for making the active pharmaceutical ingredient, Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and intermediates in the synthetic process. The Company believes it has defenses to the claims based on non-infringement and invalidity.
In June 2004, the court granted the Company’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement with respect to two of the patents. The Company will have the opportunity to file additional summary judgment motions in the future and to assert both non-infringement and invalidity of the remaining patents (if necessary) at trial. No trial date has yet been set. In September 2005, Teva launched its Fexofenadine tablet products (generic to Allegra®), and Aventis and AMR moved for a preliminary injunction to bar Teva’s sales based on four of the patents in suit, which patents are common to the Allegra® and Allegra-D® litigations. The district court denied Aventis’s motion in January 2006, finding Aventis did not establish a likelihood of success on the merits, which decision was affirmed on appeal. Discovery is proceeding. No trial date has been set.

 

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17. LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS (continued)
Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc., et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Oxymorphone)
In November 2007, Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co. (together, “Endo”) filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, requesting a declaration of the Company’s Paragraph IV Notices with respect to the Company’s ANDA for Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended Release Tablets 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg, generic to Opana® ER, are null and void and, in the alternative, alleging patent infringement in connection with the filing of such ANDA. Endo subsequently dismissed its request for declaratory relief and in December 2007 filed another patent infringement suit relating to the same ANDA. In July 2008, Endo asserted additional infringement claims with respect to the Company’s amended ANDA, which added 7.5mg, 15mg and 30mg strengths of the product. The cases were subsequently transferred to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. The Company filed an answer and counterclaims. Discovery was completed. The court issued its Markman decision and final pretrial orders in March 2010. The Company and Endo entered into a Settlement and License Agreement, and this matter was dismissed, on June 15, 2010.
Pfizer Inc., et aI. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Tolterodine)
In March 2008, Pfizer Inc., Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC, and Pfizer Health AB (collectively, “Pfizer”) filed a complaint against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging the Company’s filing of an ANDA relating to Tolterodine Tartrate Extended Release Capsules, 4 mg, generic to Detrol® LA, infringes three Pfizer patents. The Company filed an answer and counterclaims seeking declaratory judgment of non-infringement, invalidity, or unenforceability with respect to the patents in suit. In April 2008, the case was transferred to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. On September 3, 2008, an amended complaint was filed alleging infringement based on the Company’s ANDA amendment adding a 2mg strength. For one of the patents-in-suit, U.S. Patent No. 5,382,600, expiring on September 25, 2012 with pediatric exclusivity, the Company agreed by stipulation to be bound by the decision in Pfizer Inc. et al. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Case No. 04-1418 (D. N.J.). After the Pfizer court conducted a bench trial, it found the ‘600 patent not invalid on January 20, 2010, and that decision is on appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Discovery is proceeding in the Company’s case, and no trial date has been set.
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Tamsulosin)
In July 2008, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Astellas Pharma Inc. (together, “Astellas”) filed a complaint against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging patent infringement in connection with the filing of the Company ANDA relating to Tamsulosin Hydrochloride Capsules, 0.4 mg, generic to Flomax®. After filing its answer and counterclaim, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment of patent invalidity. The District Court conducted hearings on claim construction in May 2009, and summary judgment in June 2009. In October 2009, the parties announced they had entered a settlement agreement allowing the Company to launch its product no later than March 2, 2010. A stipulated consent judgment was entered by the Court and the case was dismissed.

 

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17. LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS (continued)
Purdue Pharma Products L.P., et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Tramadol)
In August 2008, Purdue Pharma Products L.P., Napp Pharmaceutical Group LTD., Biovail Laboratories International, SRL, and Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (collectively, “Purdue”) filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended Release Tablets, 100 mg, generic to 100mg Ultram® ER. In November 2008, Purdue asserted additional infringement claims with respect to the Company’s amended ANDA, which added 200 mg and 300 mg strengths of the product. The Company filed answers and counterclaims to those complaints. In August 2009, one of the patents-in-suit, U.S. Patent No. 6,254,887, was found invalid in another ANDA case relating to Ultram® ER, Purdue Pharma Products L.P. et al, v. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. et al., Case No. 07-255 (D. Del.) (“Par action”). The Par action is now on appeal to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. On November 16, 2009, the Company and Purdue agreed by stipulation to stay the case until the earlier of the following two events: (a) the Federal Circuit issues a mandate in the Par action or that action is otherwise disposed of, or (b) an undisclosed event. The Federal Circuit affirmed the decision of invalidity in the Par action on June 3, 2010.
Eli Lilly and Company v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Duloxetine)
In November 2008, Eli Lilly and Company filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Duloxetine Hydrochloride Delayed Release Capsules, 20 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg, generic to Cymbalta®. In February 2009, the parties agreed to be bound by the final judgment concerning infringement, validity and enforceability of the patent at issue in cases brought by Eli Lilly and Company against other generic drug manufacturers that have filed ANDAs relating to this product and proceedings in this case were stayed.
Warner Chilcott, Ltd. et.al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Doxycycline Hyclate)
In December 2008, Warner Chilcott Limited and Mayne Pharma International Pty. Ltd. (together, “Warner Chilcott”) filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Doxycycline Hyclate Delayed Release Tablets, 75 mg and 100 mg, generic to Doryx®. The Company filed an answer and counterclaim. Thereafter, in March 2009, Warner Chilcott filed another lawsuit in the same jurisdiction, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA for the 150 mg strength. Discovery is proceeding, fact discovery closes on August 15, 2010, and no trial date has been set.
Eurand, Inc., et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Cyclobenzaprine)
In January 2009, Eurand, Inc., Cephalon, Inc., and Anesta AG (collectively, “Cephalon”) filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride Extended Release Capsules, 15 mg and 30 mg, generic to Amrix®. The Company has filed an answer and counterclaim. Discovery is proceeding.
Genzyme Corp. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Sevelamer Hydrochloride)
In March 2009, Genzyme Corporation filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Sevelamer Hydrochloride Tablets, 400 mg and 800 mg, generic to Renagel®. The Company has filed an answer and counterclaim. Fact discovery closes on December 3, 2010, the Markman hearing is set for January 21, 2011, and trial is scheduled for September 27, 2012.

 

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17. LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS (continued)
Genzyme Corp. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Sevelamer Carbonate)
In April 2009, Genzyme Corporation filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Sevelamer Carbonate Tablets, 800 mg, generic to Renvela®. The Company has filed an answer and counterclaim. Fact discovery closes on December 3, 2010, the Markman hearing is set for January 21, 2011, and trial is scheduled for September 27, 2012.
The Research Foundation of State University of New York et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Doxycycline Monohydrate)
In September 2009, The Research Foundation of State University of New York; New York University; Galderma Laboratories Inc.; and Galderma Laboratories, L.P. (collectively, “Galderma”) filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Doxycycline Monohydrate Delayed-Release Capsules, 40 mg, generic to Oracea®. The Company filed an answer and counterclaim. In October 2009, the parties agreed to be bound by the final judgment concerning infringement, validity and enforceability of the patent at issue in cases brought by Galderma against another generic drug manufacturer that has filed an ANDA relating to this product and proceedings in this case were stayed. In June 2010, Galderma moved for a preliminary injunction to bar sales by the other generic manufacturer based on two of the patents in suit, which motion was granted by the magistrate judge in a decision finding Galderma had shown a likelihood of success on the merits.
Elan Pharma International Ltd. and Fournier Laboratories Ireland Ltd. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. Abbott Laboratories and Laboratoires Fournier S.A. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Fenofibrate)
In October 2009, Elan Pharma International Ltd. with Fournier Laboratories Ireland Ltd. and Abbott Laboratories with Laboratories Fournier S.A. filed separate suits against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Fenofibrate Tablets, 48 mg and 145 mg, generic to Tricor®. The Company has filed an answer and counterclaim. Fact discovery closes December 31, 2010.
Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Colesevelam)
In January 2010, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. and Genzyme Corporation (together, “Genzyme”) filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Colesevelam Hydrochloride Tablets, 625 mg, generic to Welchol®. The Company has filed an answer and counterclaim. Fact discovery closes June 30, 2011, and no trial date has been scheduled.
Abbott Laboratories, et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Choline Fenofibrate)
In March 2010, Abbott Laboratories and Fournier Laboratories Ireland Ltd. (together, “Abbott”) filed suit against the Company in the U.S District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA related to Choline Fenofibrate Delayed Release Capsules, 45 mg and 135 mg, generic of Trilipix®. The Company has filed an answer. Discovery is proceeding, and no trial date has been scheduled.
Shionogi Pharma, Inc. and LifeCycle Pharma A/S v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Fenofibrate)
In April 2010, Shionogi Pharma, Inc. and LifeCycle Pharma A/S filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Fenofibrate Tablets, 40 and 120 mg, generic to Fenoglide®. The Company has filed its answer.

 

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17. LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS (continued)
Genzyme Corp. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Sevelamer Carbonate Powder)
In July 2010, Genzyme Corporation filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, alleging patent infringement for the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Sevelamer Carbonate Powder, 2.4 g and 0.8 g packets, generic to Renvela® powder. The Company has not answered the complaint.
Other Litigation Related to Our Business
Axcan Scandipharm Inc. v. Ethex Corp, et al. (Lipram UL)
In May 2007, Axcan Scandipharm Inc., a manufacturer of the Ultrase® line of pancreatic enzyme products, brought suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota, alleging the Company engaged in false advertising, unfair competition, and unfair trade practices under federal and Minnesota law in connection with the marketing and sale of the Company’s now-discontinued Lipram UL products. The suit seeks actual and consequential damages, including lost profits, treble damages, attorneys’ fees, injunctive relief and declaratory judgments to prohibit the substitution of Lipram UL for prescriptions of Ultrase®. The District Court granted in part and denied in part the Company’s motion to dismiss the complaint, as well as the motion of co-defendants Ethex Corp. and KV Pharmaceutical Co., holding any claim of false advertising pre-dating June 1, 2001, is barred by the statute of limitations. On January 5, 2010, the parties settled the case and the case was subsequently dismissed with prejudice.
Budeprion XL Litigation
In June 2009, the Company was named a co-defendant in class action lawsuits filed in California state court in an action titled Kelly v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd, et al., No. BC414812 (Calif. Superior Crt. L.A. County). Subsequently, additional class action lawsuits were filed in Louisiana (Morgan v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd, et al., No. 673880 (24th Dist Crt., Jefferson Parish, LA.)), North Carolina (Weber v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus., Ltd., et al., No. 07 CV5002556, (N.C. Superior Crt., Hanover County)), Pennsylvania (Rosenfeld v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.. et al., No. 2:09-CV-2811 (E.D. Pa.)), Florida (Henchenski and Vogel v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., et al., No. 2:09-CV-470-FLM-29SPC (M.D. Fla.)), Texas (Anderson v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus., Ltd., et al., No. 3-09CV1200-M (N.D. Tex.)), Oklahoma (Brown et al. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Inds., Ltd., et al., No. 09-cv-649-TCK-PJC (N.D. OK)), Ohio (Latvala et al. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Inds., Ltd., et al., No. 2:09-cv-795 (S.D. OH)), Alabama (Jordan v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd et al., No. CV09-709 (Ala. Cir. Crt. Baldwin County)), and Washington (Leighty v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd et al., No. CV09-01640 (W. D. Wa.)). All of the complaints involve Budeprion XL, a generic version of Wellbutrin XL® that is manufactured by the Company and marketed by Teva, and allege that, contrary to representations of Teva, Budeprion XL is less effective in treating depression, and more likely to cause dangerous side effects, than Wellbutrin XL. The actions are brought on behalf of purchasers of Budeprion XL and assert claims such as unfair competition, unfair trade practices and negligent misrepresentation under state law. Each lawsuit seeks damages in an unspecified amount consisting of the cost of Budeprion XL paid by class members, as well as any applicable penalties imposed by state law, and disclaims damages for personal injury. The state court cases have been removed to federal court, and a petition for multidistrict litigation to consolidate the cases in federal court has been granted. These cases and any subsequently filed cases will be heard under the consolidated action entitled In re: Budeprion XL Marketing Sales Practices, and Products Liability Litigation, MDL No. 2107, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The Company filed a motion to dismiss and a motion to certify that order for interlocutory appeal, both of which were denied. Discovery is proceeding, and no trial date has been scheduled.

 

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18. SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (unaudited)
Selected (unaudited) financial information for the quarterly period noted is as follows:
                 
    Quarter Ended:  
(in $000’s except per share amounts)   March 31, 2010     June 30, 2010  
Revenue:
               
Global Product sales, gross
  $ 425,986     $ 224,318  
Less:
               
Chargebacks
    56,168       49,420  
Rebates
    29,425       16,739  
Product Returns
    7,400       4,596  
Other credits
    23,888       15,925  
 
           
Global Product sales, net
    309,105       137,638  
 
           
 
               
Private Label Product sales
    672       339  
Rx Partner
    4,903       5,802  
OTC Partner
    1,765       2,309  
Research Partner
    3,385       3,494  
Promotional Partner
    3,503       3,500  
Other
           
 
           
Total revenues
    323,333       153,082  
 
           
 
               
Gross profit
    243,757       84,190  
 
               
Net income
  $ 131,485     $ 31,348  
 
           
 
               
Net income per share (basic)
  $ 2.16     $ 0.51  
 
           
Net income per share (diluted)
  $ 2.06     $ 0.48  
 
           
 
               
Weighted Average:
               
common shares outstanding:
               
Basic
    61,008,015       61,876,599  
 
           
Diluted
    63,865,678       65,538,805  
 
           
Quarterly computations of (unaudited) net income per share amounts are made independently for each quarterly reporting period, and the sum of the per share amounts for the quarterly reporting periods may not equal the per share amounts for the year-to-date reporting period.

 

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18. SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (unaudited) (continued)
Selected (unaudited) financial information for the quarterly period noted is as follows:
                 
    Quarter Ended:  
(in $000’s except per share amounts)   March 31, 2009     June 30, 2009  
 
Revenues:
               
Global Product sales, gross
  $ 78,696     $ 81,764  
Less:
               
Chargebacks
    22,638       24,844  
Rebates
    10,819       13,425  
Product Returns
    3,256       3,100  
Other credits
    2,862       3,008  
 
           
Global Product sales, net
    39,121       37,387  
 
           
 
               
Private Label Product sales
    1,297       2,220  
Rx Partner
    10,736       11,119  
OTC Partner
    1,858       1,628  
Research Partner
    2,611       2,833  
Promotional Partner
    3,284       3,224  
Other
    6       5  
 
           
Total revenues
    58,913       58,416  
 
           
 
               
Gross profit
    32,663       31,132  
 
               
Net income
  $ 2,219     $ 3,013  
 
           
 
               
Net income per share (basic)
  $ 0.04     $ 0.05  
 
           
Net income per share (diluted)
  $ 0.04     $ 0.05  
 
           
 
               
Weighted average
               
common shares outstanding:
               
Basic
    59,711,133       60,112,308  
 
           
Diluted
    60,222,215       60,552,344  
 
           
Quarterly computations of (unaudited) net income per share amounts are made independently for each quarterly reporting period, and the sum of the per share amounts for the quarterly reporting periods may not equal the per share amounts for the year-to-date reporting period.

 

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ITEM 2.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
The following discussion and analysis, as well as other sections in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and related notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q not related to present or historical conditions are “forward-looking statements.” Additional oral or written forward-looking statements may be made by us from time to time. Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties which could cause results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may include statements relating to our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations and intentions. Words such as “believes,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “possible,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” and “plans” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Our ability to predict results or the effect of events on our operating results is inherently uncertain. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Such risks and uncertainties include the effect of current economic conditions on our industry, business, financial position, results of operations and market value of our common stock, our ability to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, fluctuations in our revenues and operating income, reductions or loss of business with any significant customer, the impact of competitive pricing and products and regulatory actions on our products, our ability to sustain profitability and positive cash flows, our ability to maintain sufficient capital to fund our operations, any delays or unanticipated expenses in connection with the operation of our Taiwan facility, our ability to successfully develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products, the uncertainty of patent litigation, consumer acceptance and demand for new pharmaceutical products, the difficulty of predicting Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) filings and approvals, our inexperience in conducting clinical trials and submitting new drug applications, our reliance on key alliance and collaboration agreements, the availability of raw materials, our ability to comply with legal and regulatory requirements governing the healthcare industry, the regulatory environment, exposure to product liability claims, and other risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2010 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Such statements speak only as to the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statement, regardless of future developments or availability of new information.

 

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Overview
We are a technology based, specialty pharmaceutical company applying formulation and development expertise, as well as our drug delivery technology, to the development, manufacture and marketing of controlled-release and niche generics, in addition to the development of branded products. As of August 2, 2010, we manufactured and marketed 93 generic pharmaceuticals, which represent dosage variations of 29 different pharmaceutical compounds through our own Global Pharmaceuticals division; another 16 of our generic pharmaceuticals representing dosage variations of 4 different pharmaceutical compounds are marketed by our alliance agreement partners. We have 33 applications pending at the FDA, including 4 tentatively approved by FDA, and 55 other products in various stages of development for which applications have not yet been filed.
In the generic pharmaceuticals market, we focus our efforts on controlled-release generic versions of selected brand-name pharmaceuticals covering a broad range of therapeutic areas and having technically challenging drug-delivery mechanisms or limited competition. We employ our technologies and formulation expertise to develop generic products that will reproduce the brand-name product’s physiological characteristics but not infringe any valid patents relating to the brand-name product. We generally focus on brand-name products as to which the patents covering the active pharmaceutical ingredient have expired or are near expiration, and we employ our proprietary formulation expertise to develop controlled-release technologies that do not infringe patents covering the brand-name products’ controlled-release technologies.
We are also developing specialty generic pharmaceuticals that we believe present one or more barriers to entry by competitors, such as difficulty in raw materials sourcing, complex formulation or development characteristics or special handling requirements. In the brand-name pharmaceuticals market, we are developing products for the treatment of central nervous system (“CNS”) disorders. Our brand-name product portfolio consists of development-stage projects to which we are applying our formulation and development expertise to develop differentiated, modified, or controlled-release versions of currently marketed (either in the U.S. or outside the U.S.) drug substances. We intend to expand our brand-name products portfolio primarily through internal development and also through licensing and acquisition.

 

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We operate in two segments, referred to as the “Global Pharmaceuticals Division” (“Global Division”) and the “Impax Pharmaceuticals Division” (“Impax Division”).
The Global Division develops, manufactures, sells, and distributes generic pharmaceutical products through four sales channels: the “Global Products” sales channel, for generic pharmaceutical prescription (“Rx”) products we sell directly to wholesalers, large retail drug chains, and others; the “Private Label Products” sales channel, for generic pharmaceutical and over-the-counter (“OTC”) prescription products we sell to unrelated third-party customers who in-turn sell the product to third parties under their own label, the “Rx Partner” sales channel, for generic prescription products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements; and the “OTC Partner” sales channel, for sales of generic pharmaceutical OTC products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements. We also generate revenue from research and development services provided under a joint development agreement with another unrelated third-party pharmaceutical company, and report such revenue under the caption “Research partner” revenue on the consolidated statement of operations. We provide these services through the research and development group in our Global Division.
The Impax Division is engaged in the development of proprietary brand pharmaceutical products through improvements to already approved pharmaceutical products to address central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The Impax Division is also engaged in the provision of co-promotion services (referred to as “physician detailing sales calls”) of products developed by unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities through our direct sales force to physicians in the CNS community. We also generate revenue from research and development services provided under a development and license agreement with another unrelated third-party pharmaceutical company, and report such revenue under the caption “Research Partner” revenue on the consolidated statement of operations. We provide these services through the research and development group in our Impax Division.
Our total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 were predominantly derived from our Global Division. See “Part I: Financial Information — Item 1: Financial Statements — Note 16” to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for financial information about our segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009. We sell our products within the continental United States of America and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. We have no sales in foreign countries.
Global product sales, net. We recognize revenue from direct sales in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Topic 13, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB 104”). Revenue from direct product sales is recognized at the time title and risk of loss pass to customers. Accrued provisions for estimated chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing adjustments are provided for in the period the related sales are recorded.
Private Label Sales. We recognize revenue from direct sales in accordance with SAB 104. Revenue from direct product sales is recognized at the time title and risk of loss pass to customers. Revenue received from Private Label product sales is not subject to deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing adjustments. Additionally, Private Label product sales do not have upfront, milestone, or lump-sum payments and do not contain multiple deliverables under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification TM (“ASC” or “the Codification”) Topic 605.

 

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Rx Partner and OTC Partner. Each of our alliance agreements involves multiple deliverables in the form of products, services and/or licenses over extended periods. FASB ASC Topic 605 supplemented SAB 104 for accounting for such multiple deliverable arrangements. With respect to our multiple deliverable arrangements, we determine whether any or all of the elements of the arrangement should be separated into individual units of accounting under FASB ASC Topic 605. If separation into individual units of accounting is appropriate, we recognize revenue for each deliverable when the revenue recognition criteria specified by SAB 104 are achieved for the deliverable. If separation is not appropriate, we recognize revenue (and related direct manufacturing costs) over the estimated life of the agreement utilizing a modified proportional performance method. Under this method the amount recognized in the period of initial recognition is based upon the number of years elapsed under the agreement relative to the estimated life of the particular agreement. The amount of revenue recognized in the year of initial recognition is thus determined by multiplying the total amount realized by a fraction, the numerator of which is the then current year of the agreement and the denominator of which is the total number of estimated agreement years. The balance of the amount realized is recognized in equal amounts in each of the remaining years. Thus, for example, with respect to profit share or royalty payment reported by a strategic partner during the third year of an agreement with an estimated life of 23 years, 3 / 23 of the amount reported is recognized in the year reported and 1/23 of the amount is recognized during each of the remaining 20 years. A fuller description of our analysis under FASB ASC Topic 605 and the modified proportional performance method is set forth in “Part I: Financial Information — Item 1: Financial Statements — Note 2”
As noted above, our alliance agreements obligate us to deliver multiple goods and/or services over extended periods. Such deliverables include manufactured pharmaceutical products, exclusive and semi-exclusive marketing rights, distribution licenses, and research and development services. In exchange for these deliverables, we receive payments from our alliance agreement partners for product shipments, and may also receive royalty, profit sharing, and/or upfront or periodic milestone payments. Revenue received from the alliance agreement partners for product shipments under these agreements is not subject to deductions for chargebacks, rebates, returns, shelf-stock adjustments, and other pricing adjustments. Royalty and profit sharing amounts we receive under these agreements are calculated by the respective alliance agreement partner, with such royalty and profit share amounts generally based upon estimates of net product sales or gross profit which include estimates of deductions for chargebacks, rebates, returns, shelf stock adjustments and other adjustments the alliance agreement partners may negotiate with their customers. We record the alliance agreement partner’s adjustments to such estimated amounts in the period the alliance agreement partner reports the amounts to us.

 

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Research Partner. We have entered into development agreements with other unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies under which we are collaborating in the development of five dermatological products, including four generic products, one branded dermatological product, and one branded CNS product. Under each of the development agreements, we received an upfront fee with the potential to receive additional milestone payments upon completion of contractually specified clinical and regulatory milestones. Additionally, we may also receive royalty payments from the sale, if any, of a successfully developed and commercialized branded product under one of the development agreements. Revenue received from the provision of research and development services, including the upfront payment and the contingent milestone payments, if any, will be deferred and recognized on a straight line basis over the expected period of performance of the research and development services. Royalty fee income, if any, will be recognized by us as current period revenue when earned. We determined these agreements do not include multiple deliverables under FASB ASC Topic 605.
Promotional Partner. We have entered into promotional services agreements with other unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies under which we provide physician detailing sales calls services to promote certain of those companies’ branded drug products. In exchange for our services we receive service fees. We recognize revenue from provision of physician detailing sales calls as such services are rendered and the performance obligations are met and from contingent payments, if any, at the time they are earned.
Impact of Economic Conditions
The global economy has been undergoing a period of significant volatility which has led, to among other impacts, diminished credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, and increases in unemployment rates. There remains a high degree of caution about the stability of the U. S. economy due to the ongoing domestic and global financial markets conditions, and there can be no assurances further deterioration in the financial markets will not occur. These economic conditions have resulted in, and could lead to further, reduced consumer spending related to healthcare in general and pharmaceutical products in particular. While generic drugs present a cost-effective alternative to higher-priced branded products, our sales and those of our alliance agreement and collaboration partners could be negatively affected if patients forego obtaining healthcare. In addition, reduced consumer spending may force our competitors and us to decrease prices.
In addition, we have exposure to many different industries and counterparties, including our partners under our alliance, research, and promotional services agreements, suppliers of raw chemical materials, drug wholesalers and other customers, who may be financially or operationally unstable or may become unstable in the current and /or future economic environment. Any such instability may affect these parties’ ability to fulfill their respective contractual obligations to us or cause them to limit or place burdensome conditions upon future transactions with us.

 

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Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) require the use of estimates and assumptions, based on complex judgments considered reasonable, and affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant judgments are employed in estimates used in determining values of tangible and intangible assets, legal contingencies, tax assets and tax liabilities, fair value of share-based compensation of equity incentive awards issued to employees and directors, and estimates used in applying the Company’s revenue recognition policy including those related to accrued chargebacks, rebates, product returns, Medicare, Medicaid, and other government rebate programs, shelf-stock adjustments, and the timing and amount of deferred and recognized revenue and deferred and amortized manufacturing costs under the Company’s several alliance and collaboration agreements. Actual results may differ from estimated results. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Although we believe our estimates and assumptions are reasonable when made, they are based upon information available to us at the time they are made. We periodically review the factors having an influence on our estimates and, if necessary, adjust such estimates. Although historically our estimates have generally been reasonably accurate, due to the risks and uncertainties involved in our business and evolving market conditions, and given the subjective element of the estimates made, actual results may differ from estimated results. This possibility may be greater than normal during times of pronounced economic volatility.
Consistent with industry practice, we record an accrued provision for estimated deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, Medicare, Medicaid, and other government rebate programs, shelf-stock adjustments, and other pricing adjustments, in the same period when revenue is recognized. The objective of recording provisions for such deductions at the time of sale is to provide a reasonable estimate of the aggregate amount we expect to ultimately credit our customers. Since arrangements giving rise to the various sales credits are typically time driven (i.e. particular promotions entitling customers who make purchases of our products during a specific period of time, to certain levels of rebates or chargebacks), these deductions represent important reductions of the amounts those customers would otherwise owe us for their purchases of those products. Customers typically process their claims for deductions promptly, usually within the established payment terms. We monitor actual credit memos issued to our customers and compare such actual amounts to the estimated provisions, in the aggregate, for each deduction category to assess the reasonableness of the various reserves at each quarterly balance sheet date. Differences between our estimated provisions and actual credits issued have not been significant, and are accounted for in the current period as a change in estimate in accordance with GAAP. We do not have the ability to specifically link any particular sales credit to an exact sales transaction and since there have been no material differences, we believe our systems and procedures are adequate for managing our business. An event such as the failure to report a particular promotion could result in a significant difference between the amount accrued and the amount claimed by the customer, and, while there have been none to date, we would evaluate the particular events and factors giving rise to any such significant difference in determining the appropriate accounting.

 

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Chargebacks. We have agreements establishing contract prices for certain products with certain indirect customers, such as managed care organizations, hospitals, and government agencies who purchase our products from drug wholesalers. The contract prices are lower than the prices the customer would otherwise pay to the wholesaler, and the difference is referred to as a chargeback, which generally takes the form of a credit issued by us to reduce the gross sales amount we invoiced to our wholesaler customer. An accrued provision for chargeback deductions is estimated and recorded at the time we ship the products to our wholesaler customers. The primary factors we consider when estimating the accrued provision for chargebacks are the average historical chargeback credits given, the mix of products shipped, and the amount of inventory on hand at the three major drug wholesalers with whom we do business. We monitor aggregate actual chargebacks granted and compare them to the estimated accrued provision for chargebacks to assess the reasonableness of the chargeback reserve at each quarterly balance sheet date.
The following table is a roll-forward of the activity in the chargeback reserve for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and the year ended December 31, 2009:
                 
(in $000’s)   June 30,     December 31  
Chargeback reserve   2010     2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 21,448     $ 4,056  
Provision recorded during the period
    105,588       126,105  
Credits issued during the period
    (101,367 )     (108,713 )
 
           
Ending balance
  $ 25,669     $ 21,448  
 
           
 
               
Provision as a percent of gross Global Product sales
    16 %     24 %
 
           
The decrease in the accrued provision for estimated chargebacks as a percent of gross Global Product sales, principally resulted from our tamsulosin product and our mixed amphetamine salts products, both of which generally resulted in higher gross Global Product sales and carried a lower chargeback credit amount, relative to our other products sold through our Global Division’s Global Products sales channel, resulting in a lower overall aggregate average chargeback as a percentage of gross Global Product Sales during the six months ended June 30, 2010. We commenced sales of our tamsulosin product on March 2, 2010 and had contractual market exclusivity for this generic product for the succeeding eight weeks, during which we were able to achieve high market-share penetration. Our tamsulosin product sales after the end of the contractual exclusivity period, have not remained at this level, as additional competing generic versions of the product entered the market in late April 2010, and have resulted in both price erosion and reduction of our market-share. (See Results of Operations below for additional discussion.)

 

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Rebates. In an effort to maintain a competitive position in the marketplace and to promote sales and customer loyalty, we maintain various rebate programs with our customers to whom we market our products through our Global Division Global Products sales channel. The rebates generally take the form of a credit memo to reduce the invoiced gross sales amount charged to a customer for products shipped. An accrued provision for rebate deductions is estimated and recorded at the time of product shipment. The accrued provision for rebates is based upon historical experience of aggregate credits issued compared with payments made, the historical relationship of rebates as a percentage of total Global Product sales, gross, and the contract terms and conditions of the various rebate programs in effect at the time of shipment. We monitor aggregate actual rebates granted and compare them to the estimated accrued provision for rebates to assess the reasonableness of the rebate reserve at each quarterly balance sheet date.
The following table is a roll-forward of the activity in the rebate reserve for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and the year December 31, 2009:
                 
(in $000’s)   June 30,     December 31  
Rebate reserve   2010     2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 37,781     $ 4,800  
Provision recorded during the period
    51,767       72,620  
Credits issued during the period
    (70,027 )     (39,639 )
 
           
Ending balance
  $ 19,521     $ 37,781  
 
           
 
               
Provision as a percent of gross Global Product sales
    8 %     14 %
 
           
The decrease in the accrued provision for estimated rebates as a percent of gross Global Product sales, principally resulted from our tamsulosin product and our mixed amphetamine salts products, both of which generally resulted in higher gross Global Product sales and carried a lower rebate credit amount, relative to our other products sold through our Global Division’s Global Products sales channel, resulting in a lower overall aggregate average rebate as a percentage of gross Global Product sales during the six months ended June 30, 2010. We commenced sales of our tamsulosin product on March 2, 2010 and had contractual market exclusivity for this generic product for the succeeding eight weeks, during which we were able to achieve high market-share penetration. Our tamsulosin product sales after the end of the contractual exclusivity period, have not remained at this level, as additional competing generic versions of the product entered the market in late April 2010, and have resulted in both price erosion and reduction of our market-share. (See Results of Operations below for additional discussion.)

 

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Returns. We allow our customers to return product (i) if approved by authorized personnel in writing or by telephone with the lot number and expiration date accompanying any request and (ii) if such products are returned within six months prior to, or until 12 months following, the products’ expiration date. We estimate a provision for product returns as a percentage of gross sales based upon historical experience of Global Division Global Product sales. The product return reserve is estimated using a historical lag period (the time between the month of sale and the month of return) and return rates, adjusted by estimates of the future return rates based on various assumptions, which may include changes to internal policies and procedures, changes in business practices, and commercial terms with customers, competitive position of each product, amount of inventory in the wholesaler supply chain, and the introduction of new products. We also consider other factors, including significant market changes which may impact future expected returns, and actual product returns and may record additional provisions for specific product returns we believe are not covered by the historical rates. We monitor aggregate actual product returns on a quarterly basis and may record specific provisions for product returns we believe are not covered by historical percentages.
The following table is a roll-forward of the activity in the product returns reserve for six months ended June 30, 2010 and the year December 31, 2009:
                 
(in $000’s)   June 30,     December 31  
Product Returns Reserve   2010     2009  
Beginning balance
  $ 22,114     $ 13,675  
Provision related to sales recorded in the period
    11,996       11,847  
Credits issued during the period
    (1,845 )     (3,408 )
 
           
Ending balance
  $ 32,265     $ 22,114  
 
           
 
               
Provision as a percent of gross Global Product sales
    2 %     2 %
 
           
The period over period change in the provision for returns, as a percent of gross Global Product sales was de minimis.

 

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Medicaid Rebate. As required by law, we provide a rebate payment on drugs dispensed under the Medicaid program. We determine our estimate of the accrued Medicaid rebate reserve primarily based on historical experience of claims submitted by the various states and any new information regarding changes in the Medicaid program which may impact our estimate of Medicaid rebates. In determining the appropriate accrual amount, we consider historical payment rates and processing lag for outstanding claims and payments. We record estimates for Medicaid payments as a deduction from gross sales, with corresponding adjustments to accrued liabilities. The accrual for Medicaid payments totaled $ 17.7 million and $ 9.8 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. The estimated accrued Medicaid rebate reserve increased significantly as a result of the launch of our mixed amphetamine salts products in October 2009, as well as the launch of our tamsulosin product in March 2010. As our mixed amphetamine salts products are authorized generics to the related brand product, Medicaid rebate payments are calculated under the regulations applicable to branded products. The Medicaid rebate accrual for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 includes the effect of the increase in the Medicaid Rebate rates, which were effective on a retroactive basis to January 1, 2010, resulting from the March 2010 enactment into law of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (the “Acts”). The change in the Medicaid Rebate rates resulting from the Acts did not have a material impact on our results of operations. Historically, differences between our estimated and actual payments made have not been significant.
Shelf-Stock Adjustments. When, based on competitive market conditions, we may reduce the ultimate net selling price of a product by issuing a so-called shelf-stock adjustment credit to a customer, the amount of which is typically agreed upon by us and our customer by reference to an estimate of the amount of a specific product held by the customer, as an inducement for our customer to continue to purchase future additional quantities of our product. The primary factors we consider when estimating an accrued shelf-stock adjustment reserve include the per-unit credit amount and an estimate of the level of inventory held by the customer. The accrued shelf-stock adjustment totaled $ 0.6 million and $ 0.2 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. Differences between our estimated and actual credits issued for shelf stock adjustments have not been significant.
Allowance for Uncollectible Amounts. We maintain allowances for uncollectible amounts for estimated losses resulting from amounts we deem to be uncollectible from our customers. These allowances are for specific amounts on certain accounts. The allowance for uncollectible amounts totaled $ 0.6 million and $ 0.4 million at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.

 

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Estimated Lives of Alliance Agreements. The revenue we receive under our alliance agreements is not subject to adjustment for estimated chargebacks, rebates, product returns and other pricing adjustments, as such adjustments are included in the amounts we receive from our alliance partners. However, because we recognize the revenue we receive under our alliance agreements over the estimated life of the related agreement or our expected performance utilizing a modified proportional performance method, we are required to estimate the recognition period under each such agreement in order to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in the current period. Sometimes this estimate is based solely on the fixed term of the particular alliance agreement. In other cases the estimate may be based on more subjective factors as noted in the following paragraphs. While changes to the estimated recognition periods have been infrequent, such changes, should they occur, may have a significant impact on our financial statements.
The term of the Teva Agreement, for example, is 10 years following the launch of the last product subject to the Teva Agreement. Since product launch is dependent upon FDA approval of the product, we are required to estimate when FDA approval is likely to occur in order to estimate the life of the Teva Agreement. In 2009 we updated the estimated life of the Teva Agreement to be approximately 23 years, as compared to our previous estimate of 18 years, from the June 2001 inception date. Our current estimate is based on the development of the last product under the Teva Agreement, which will require additional time to develop, resulting in FDA approval, if any, occurring at a later date. In accordance with our accounting policy, the change in the recognition period for the Teva Agreement was applied prospectively, as an adjustment in the period of change in 2009. If we determine our estimated timing of FDA approval requires further adjustment, then we would adjust the recognition period under the Teva Agreement on a prospective basis, resulting in a change to the amount of revenue and product manufacture cost recognized under the Teva Agreement.
Additionally, for example, our expected period of performance to provide research and development services under the Joint Development Agreement with Medicis is estimated to be a 48 month period, starting in December 2008 (i.e. when the $ 40.0 million upfront payment was received) and ending in November 2012 (i.e. upon FDA approval of the fifth and final submission). The FDA approval of the final submission under the Joint Development Agreement represents the end of our expected period of performance, as we will have no further contractual obligation to perform research and development services under the Joint Development Agreement, and therefore the earnings process will be complete. If the timing of FDA approval for the final submission under the Joint Development Agreement is different from our estimate, the revenue recognition period will change on a prospective basis at the time such event occurs. While no such change in the estimated life of the Medicis Joint Development Agreement has occurred to date, if we were to conclude significantly more time will be required to obtain FDA approval, then we would increase our estimate of the recognition period under the agreement, resulting in a lesser amount of revenue (and related costs, if any) in current and future periods.

 

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Third-Party Research and Development Agreements. In addition to our own research and development resources, we may use unrelated third-party vendors, including universities and independent research companies, to assist in our research and development activities. These vendors provide a range of research and development services to us, including clinical and bioequivalency studies. We generally sign agreements with these vendors which establish the terms of each study performed by them, including, among other things, the technical specifications of the study, the payment schedule, and timing of work to be performed. Payments are generally earned by third-party researchers either upon the achievement of a milestone, or on a pre-determined date, as specified in each study agreement. We account for third-party research and development expenses as they are incurred according to the terms and conditions of the respective agreement for each study performed, with an accrued expense at each balance sheet date for estimated fees and charges incurred by us, but not yet billed to us. We monitor aggregate actual payments and compare them to the estimated provisions to assess the reasonableness of the accrued expense balance at each quarterly balance sheet date. Differences between our estimated and actual payments made have been de minims.
Share-Based Compensation. We recognize the fair value of each stock option and restricted stock award over its respective vesting period. Stock options and restricted stock awards granted under the Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2002 Plan”) generally vest over a three or four year period and have a term of ten years. We estimate the fair value of each stock option on its grant date using the Black-Scholes Merton option-pricing model, wherein: expected volatility is based solely on historical volatility of our common stock over the period commensurate with the expected term of the stock options. The expected term calculation is based on the “simplified” method described in SAB No. 107, Share-Based Payment and SAB No. 110, Share-Based Payment. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for an instrument with a maturity commensurate with the expected term of the stock options. The dividend yield is zero as we have never paid cash dividends on our common stock, and have no present intention to pay cash dividends.
Income Taxes. We are subject to United States federal, state and local income taxes and Taiwan, R.O.C. income taxes. We create a deferred tax asset, or a deferred tax liability, when we have temporary differences between the results for GAAP financial reporting purposes and tax reporting purposes. The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires us to exercise judgment to make certain estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income (or loss) earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, more experience is acquired or additional information is obtained. The computation of our annual estimated effective tax rate includes modifications, which were projected for the year, for share based compensation, the domestic manufacturing deduction, and state research and development credits, among others. The tax provision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 does not include the effect of the federal research and development tax credit as such tax credit expired on December 31, 2009, and has not been reinstated for 2010. The tax provision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 included the effect of the federal research and development tax credit.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Our cash and cash equivalents include a portfolio of high-quality credit securities, including U.S. Government sponsored entity securities, treasury bills, corporate bonds, short-term commercial paper, and /or high rated money market funds. Our entire portfolio matures in less than one year. The carrying value of the portfolio approximated the market value at June 30, 2010. Our deferred compensation liability is carried at fair value, based upon observable market values. We had no debt outstanding as of June 30, 2010. Our only remaining debt instrument at June 30, 2010 was the Wachovia revolving credit facility, which would be subject to variable interest rates and principal payments should we decide to borrow against it.
Contingencies. In the normal course of business, we are subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of our business, covering a wide range of matters, including, among others, patent litigation, shareholder lawsuits, and product and clinical trial liability. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450 — Contingencies, we record accrued loss contingencies when it is probable a liability will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated and we do not recognize gain contingencies until realized.

 

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Goodwill — In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles”, goodwill is subject to an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair-value-based test, and not periodic amortization. Under FASB ASC Topic 350, if the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s carrying value, including goodwill, then goodwill is considered not impaired, making further analysis not required. We consider each of our Global Division and Impax Division operating segments to be a reporting unit, as this is the lowest level for each of which discrete financial information is available. We attribute the entire carrying amount of goodwill to the Global Division. We concluded the carrying value of goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2009, as the fair value of the Global Division exceeded its carrying value at such date. We perform our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year. We estimate the fair value of the Global Division using a discounted cash flow model for both the reporting unit and the enterprise, as well as earnings and revenue multiples per common share outstanding for enterprise fair value. In addition, on a quarterly basis, we perform a review of our business operations to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred which may have a material adverse effect on the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, and thus indicate a potential impairment of the goodwill carrying value. If such events or changes in circumstances were deemed to have occurred, we would perform an interim impairment analysis, which may include the preparation of a discounted cash flow model, or consultation with one or more valuation specialists, to analyze the impact, if any, on our assessment of the reporting unit’s fair value. We have not to date deemed there to be any significant adverse changes in the legal, regulatory, or business environment in which we conduct our operations.

 

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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2010 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2009
Overview:
The following table sets forth summarized, consolidated total Company results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Three Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Total revenues
  $ 153,082     $ 58,416     $ 94,666       162 %
 
                               
Gross profit
    84,190       31,132       53,058       170 %
 
                               
Income from operations
    49,294       3,987       45,307     nm  
 
                               
Income before income taxes
    49,438       4,041       45,397     nm  
Provision for income taxes
    18,130       1,043       17,087     nm  
 
                         
 
    31,308       2,998       28,310     nm  
Non-controlling interest
    40       15       25       167 %
 
                         
Net income
  $ 31,348     $ 3,013     $ 28,335     nm  
 
                         
     
- nm   — not meaningful
Net Income
Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 31.3 million, an increase of $ 28.3 million as compared to $ 3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009, resulting principally from increased Global Product sales, net, partially offset by higher total operating expenses and an increase in the provision for income taxes. As discussed throughout this section, we earned significant revenues and gross profit from sales of our tamsulosin, mixed amphetamine salts, and fenofibrate products during the three months ended June 30, 2010. Accordingly, any significant diminution of such product sales revenue and gross profit due to competition or any other reasons in future periods may materially and adversely affect our results of operations in such periods.

 

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Global Division
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Global Division for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Three Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Revenues:
                               
Global Product sales, net
  $ 137,638     $ 37,387     $ 100,251       268 %
Private Label Product sales
    339       2,220       (1,881 )     (85 )%
Rx Partner
    5,802       11,119       (5,317 )     (48 )%
OTC Partner
    2,309       1,628       681       42 %
Research Partner
    3,384       2,833       551       19 %
Other
          5       (5 )     (100 %)
 
                         
Total revenues
    149,472       55,192       94,280       171 %
 
                         
Cost of revenues
    65,599       24,007       41,592       173 %
 
                         
Gross profit
    83,873       31,185       52,688       169 %
 
                         
 
                               
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    10,929       9,578       1,351       14 %
Patent litigation
    1,769       1,394       375       27 %
Selling, general and administrative
    3,113       2,473       640       26 %
 
                         
Total operating expenses
    15,811       13,445       2,366       18 %
 
                         
Income from operations
  $ 68,062     $ 17,740     $ 50,322       284 %
 
                         
Revenues
Total revenues for the Global Division for the three months ended June 30, 2010, were $ 149.5 million, an increase of 171% over the same period in 2009.
Global Product sales, net, were $ 137.6 million, an increase of 268% over the same period in 2009 primarily as a result of sales of our tamsulosin, mixed amphetamine salts, and fenofibrate products. Of the $ 100.3 million increase, $ 27.4 million resulted from sales of tamsulosin, our generic version of Flomax®, a drug used to improve symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate. We commenced sales of our tamsulosin product on March 2, 2010 and had contractual market exclusivity for this generic product for the succeeding eight week period, during which we were able to achieve high market-share penetration. Our future tamsulosin product sales, however, will not remain at this level, as additional competing generic versions of the product entered the market in late April 2010, at the conclusion of our contractual exclusivity period, and have resulted in both price erosion and reduction of our market share. We commenced sales of our mixed amphetamine salts products, indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in October 2009, and thus had no sales of these products in the prior-year period. The increase in sales of our fenofibrate products, a cholesterol-lowering drug, resulted from a continued increase in demand for generic versions of cholesterol-lowering drugs in general.
Private Label Product sales were $ 0.3 million, a decrease of 85% primarily due to lower demand for our generic loratadine /pseudoephedrine products.
Rx Partner revenues were $ 5.8 million, down 48%, primarily attributable to reduced sales of our generic Wellbutrin® XL 300mg. The reduction of revenue for generic Wellbutrin® XL 300mg resulted from increased marketplace competition.
OTC Partner revenues were $ 2.3 million, an increase of $ 0.7 million primarily attributable to royalty payments received from Schering-Plough on their sales of Claritin-D ® 12-hour Extended Release Tablets; there were no such royalty payments received from Schering-Plough in the prior year period.

 

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Research Partner revenues were $ 3.4 million, an increase of $ 0.6 million, primarily driven by revenue recognition related to three milestone payments aggregating $ 12.0 million, received at various times during 2009, including $ 5.0 million in May 2009, $ 5.0 million received in September 2009, and $ 2.0 million received in December 2009.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $ 65.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, an increase of 173% primarily related to the higher sales of our tamsulosin, mixed amphetamine salts, and fenofibrate products.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 83.9 million, or approximately 56% of total revenues, as compared to $ 31.2 million or 57% of total revenue in the same period of the prior year. Gross profit in our Global Division was up $ 52.7 million primarily due to higher sales of our tamsulosin product, which accounted for $ 22.4 million of the period over period increase. Also contributing to the increase were higher sales of our mixed amphetamine salts and fenofibrate products, as described more fully above.
Research and Development Expenses
Total research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 10.9 million, an increase of 14%, as compared to the same period of the prior year. Generic research and development expense increased primarily due to higher spending on clinical study costs of $ 0.6 million related to bupropion XL and higher outside development costs of $ 0.5 million.
Patent Litigation Expenses
Patent litigation expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 were $ 1.8 million and $ 1.4 million, respectively, an increase of $ 0.4 million principally resulting from higher overall expenses in the current year period as a result of increased activity related to existing litigation matters.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 3.1 million, a 26% increase, attributable principally to increased customer freight expenses of $ 0.4 million and higher marketing expenses of $ 0.3 million, both related to higher sales levels.

 

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Impax Division
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Impax Division for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Three Months Ended,     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Promotional Partner revenue
  $ 3,500     $ 3,224       276       9 %
Research Partner revenue
    110             110     nm  
 
                         
Total revenues
    3,610       3,224       386       12 %
 
                         
Cost of revenues
    3,293       3,277       16       0.5 %
 
                         
Gross profit
    317       (53 )     370     nm  
 
                         
 
                               
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    10,755       6,134       4,621       75 %
Selling, general and administrative
    738       727       11       2 %
 
                         
Total operating expenses
    11,493       6,861       4,632       68 %
 
                         
Loss from operations
  $ (11,176 )   $ (6,914 )     (4,262 )     (62 )%
 
                         
     
- nm   — not meaningful
Revenues
Total revenues were $ 3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, an increase of 12% compared to the same period in the prior year. The change from the prior year period was primarily the result of the commencement of physician detailing services under our Co-Promotion Agreement with Pfizer which commenced on July 1, 2009 (initially under the Co-Promotion Agreement with Wyeth, which is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer). The Promotional Partner revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2009, was earned under the terms of the previous Promotional Services Agreement with Shire, with such agreement reaching its contractual end date on June 30, 2009. In addition, we recognized $ 0.1 million of Research Partner revenue related to a Development and Co-Promotion Agreement with Endo which was entered into in June 2010; accordingly, there were no similar revenues in the prior year period.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $ 3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, with nominal change from the same period in 2009.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 0.3 million, an increase of $ 0.4 million attributed primarily to the higher Promotional Partner revenues (as described above).
Research and Development Expenses
Total research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 10.8 million, an increase of 75%, as compared to $ 6.1 million in the prior year period, with the $ 4.6 million increase principally driven by research and development expenses related to our branded product initiatives, including increases of $ 4.2 million for clinical trial studies and $ 0.3 million for R&D active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”).
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $ 0.7 million, an increase of 2% over the prior year period. There were no individually significant changes period-over-period.

 

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Corporate and other
The following table sets forth Corporate general and administrative expenses, as well as other items of income and expense presented below income from operations for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Three Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Litigation settlement
  $     $ 619       (619 )     (100 %)
General and administrative expenses
    7,592       6,220       1,372       22 %
 
                         
Total operating expenses
    7,592       6,839       753       11 %
 
                         
Loss from operations
    (7,592 )     (6,839 )     (753 )     (11 )%
 
                         
 
                               
Other income (expense), net
    (25 )     3       (28 )   nm  
Interest income
    192       307       (115 )     (38 )%
Interest expense
    (23 )     (256 )     233       91 %
Provision for income taxes
  $ 18,130     $ 1,043       17,087     nm  
     
- nm   — not meaningful
Litigation settlement
The $ 0.6 million of Litigation settlement expense for the three months ended June 30, 2009 included legal and other professional fee expenses incurred by us in defense of a suit related to our (previously marketed) Lipram UL products which we settled in January 2010, accordingly there were no similar amounts in the current year period.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 7.6 million, a 22% increase, attributable principally to an increase in compensation-related expenses of $ 0.7 million, and higher insurance costs related to increasing levels of business activity of $ 0.4 million.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net was minimal for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, and contained no individually-significant items.
Interest Income
Interest income in the three months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 0.2 million, a 38% decrease as compared to the prior year period due to lower overall interest rates.
Interest Expense
Interest expense in the three months ended June 30, 2010 declined $ 0.2 million to $ 0.02 million, compared to the prior year period due to the absence of interest bearing debt resulting from the repurchase, on the contractual June 15, 2009 prepayment option date, of the $12.75 million remaining outstanding balance of our 3.5% convertible senior subordinated debentures, otherwise due in June 2012, and the August 2009 $ 6.9 million repayment-in-full of a subordinated promissory note.

 

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Income Taxes
During the three months ended June 30, 2010, we recorded a tax provision of $ 18.1 million for United States domestic federal and state income taxes and for income taxes in jurisdictions outside the United States. Included in the tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2010 is an accrual for uncertain tax positions of $ 0.01 million. In the three months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded a tax provision of $ 1.0 million for United States domestic federal and state income taxes and for income taxes in jurisdictions outside the United States. Included in the tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2009 is an accrual for uncertain tax positions of $ 0.2 million. The tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2010 does not include the effect of the federal research and development tax credit which expired on December 31, 2009, and to-date has not been reinstated for 2010. The tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2009 included the effect of the federal research and development tax credit. The tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2009 also included the effect of the reversal of a valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset related to net operating losses at our wholly owned subsidiary Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc. We reversed the valuation allowance related to these net operating losses as a result of retroactive changes in Taiwan tax law published in the second quarter of 2009. The effective tax rate of 36.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2010 was higher than the effective tax rate of 25.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2009, resulting principally from the absence of the federal research and development tax credit in the current year period and the reversal of the valuation allowance in the prior year period described above.

 

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Results of Operations
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
Overview:
The following table sets forth summarized, consolidated total Company results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Six Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Total revenues
  $ 476,415     $ 117,329     $ 359,086       306 %
 
                               
Gross profit
    327,947       63,795       264,152       414 %
 
                               
Income from operations
    260,272       8,122       252,150     nm  
 
                               
Income before income taxes
    260,434       8,086       252,348     nm  
Provision for income taxes
    97,613       2,879       94,734     nm  
 
                         
 
    162,821       5,207       157,614     nm  
Non-controlling interest
    12       25       (13 )     (52 )%
 
                         
Net income
  $ 162,833     $ 5,232     $ 157,601     nm  
 
                         
     
- nm   — not meaningful
Net Income
Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 162.8 million, an increase of $ 157.6 million as compared to $ 5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, resulting principally from increased Global Product sales, net, partially offset by higher total operating expenses and an increase in the provision for income taxes. As discussed throughout this section, we earned significant revenues and gross profit from sales of our tamsulosin, mixed amphetamine salts, and fenofibrate products during the six months ended June 30, 2010. Accordingly, any significant diminution of such product sales revenue and gross profit due to competition or any other reasons in future periods may materially and adversely affect our results of operations in such periods.

 

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Global Division
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Global Division for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Six Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Revenues:
                               
Global Product sales, net
  $ 446,743     $ 76,508     $ 370,235       484 %
Private Label Product sales
    1,011       3,517       (2,506 )     (71 )%
Rx Partner
    10,705       21,855       (11,150 )     (51 )%
OTC Partner
    4,074       3,486       588       17 %
Research Partner
    6,769       5,444       1,325       24 %
Other
          11       (11 )     (100 )%
 
                         
Total revenues
    469,302       110,821       358,481       324 %
 
                         
Cost of revenues
    142,031       47,240       94,791       201 %
 
                         
Gross profit
    327,271       63,581       263,690       415 %
 
                         
 
                               
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    20,364       19,853       511       3 %
Patent litigation
    3,753       2,411       1,342       56 %
Selling, general and administrative
    6,448       5,066       1,382       27 %
 
                         
Total operating expenses
    30,565       27,330       3,235       12 %
 
                         
Income from operations
  $ 296,706     $ 36,251     $ 260,455       719 %
 
                         
Revenues
Total revenues for the Global Division for the six months ended June 30, 2010, were $ 469.3 million, an increase of 324% over the same period in 2009.
Global Product sales, net, were $ 446.7 million, an increase of 484% over the same period in 2009 primarily as a result of sales of our tamsulosin, mixed amphetamine salts, and fenofibrate products. Of the $ 370.2 million increase, $ 203.7 million resulted from sales of tamsulosin, our generic version of Flomax®, a drug used to improve symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate. We commenced sales of our tamsulosin product on March 2, 2010 and had contractual market exclusivity for this generic product for the succeeding eight week period, during which we were able to achieve high market-share penetration. Our future tamsulosin product sales, however, will not remain at this level, as additional competing generic versions of the product entered the market in late April 2010, at the conclusion of our contractual exclusivity period, and have resulted in both price erosion and reduction of our market share. We commenced sales of our mixed amphetamine salts products, indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, in October 2009, and thus had no sales of these products in the prior-year period. The increase in sales of our fenofibrate products a cholesterol-lowering drug, resulted from a continued increase in demand for generic versions of cholesterol-lowering drugs in general.
Private Label Product sales were $ 1.0 million, a decrease of 71%, primarily due to lower demand for our generic loratadine /pseudoephedrine products.
Rx Partner revenues were $ 10.7 million, down 51%, primarily attributable to reduced sales of our generic Wellbutrin® XL 300mg. The reduction of revenue for generic Wellbutrin® XL 300mg resulted from increased marketplace competition.
OTC Partner revenues were $ 4.1 million, an increase of $ 0.6 million, primarily attributable to royalty payments received from Schering-Plough on their sales of Claritin-D® 12-hour Extended Release Tablets; there were no such royalty payments received from Schering-Plough in the prior year period.

 

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Research Partner revenues were $ 6.8 million, an increase of $ 1.3 million, primarily driven by revenue recognition related to three milestone payments aggregating $ 12.0 million, received at various times during 2009, including $ 5.0 million in May 2009, $ 5.0 million received in September 2009, and $ 2.0 million received in December 2009.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $ 142.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, an increase of 201% primarily related to the higher sales of our tamsulosin, mixed amphetamine salts, and fenofibrate products.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 327.3 million, or approximately 70% of total revenues, as compared to $ 63.6 million or 57% of total revenue in the same period of the prior year. Gross profit in our Global Division was up $ 263.7 million primarily due to higher sales of our tamsulosin product, which accounted for $ 190.3 million of the period over period increase. Also contributing to the increase were higher sales of our mixed amphetamine salts and fenofibrate products, as described more fully above.
Research and Development Expenses
Total research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 20.4 million, an increase of 3% as compared to the same period of the prior year. Generic research and development expense increased primarily due to higher spending on clinical study costs of $ 0.6 million related to bupropion XL and higher outside development costs of $ 0.5 million, partially offset by lower levels of other development-related expenses.
Patent Litigation Expenses
Patent litigation expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 were $ 3.8 million and $ 2.4 million, respectively, an increase of $ 1.3 million principally resulting from higher overall expenses in the current year period as a result of increased activity related to existing litigation matters.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 6.4 million, a 27% increase attributable principally to increased customer freight expenses of $ 0.8 million, and higher sales force incentive compensation of $ 0.5 million, both related to higher sales levels.

 

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Impax Division
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Impax Division for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Six Months Ended,     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Promotional Partner revenue
  $ 7,003     $ 6,508       495       8 %
Research Partner revenue
    110             110     nm  
 
                         
Total revenues
    7,113       6,508       605       9 %
 
                         
Cost of revenues
    6,437       6,294       143       2 %
 
                         
Gross profit
    676       214       462       216 %
 
                         
 
                               
Operating expenses:
                               
Research and development
    19,629       11,649       7,980       69 %
Selling, general and administrative
    1,547       1,767       (220 )     (13 )%
 
                         
Total operating expenses
    21,176       13,416       7,760       58 %
 
                         
Loss from operations
  $ (20,500 )   $ (13,202 )     (7,298 )     (55 )%
 
                         
     
- nm   — not meaningful
Revenues
Total revenues were $ 7.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, an increase of 9% compared to the same period in the prior year. The change from the prior year period is primarily the result of the commencement of physician detailing services under our Co-Promotion Agreement with Pfizer which commenced on July 1, 2009 (initially under the Co-Promotion Agreement with Wyeth, which is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pfizer). The Promotional Partner revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2009, was earned under the terms of the previous Promotional Services Agreement with Shire, with such agreement reaching its contractual end date on June 30, 2009. In addition, we recognized $ 0.1 million of Research Partner revenue related to a Development and Co-Promotion Agreement with Endo which was entered into in June 2010, accordingly, there were no similar revenues in the prior year period.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $ 6.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, with no individually significant changes from the same period in 2009.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 0.7 million, an increase of $ 0.5 million attributed primarily to the higher Promotional Partner revenues (as described above).
Research and Development Expenses
Total research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 19.6 million, an increase of 69%, as compared to $ 11.6 million in the prior year period, with the $ 8.0 million increase principally driven by research and development expenses related to our branded product initiatives, including increases of $ 6.5 million for clinical trial studies, $ 1.1 million on employee compensation, and $ 0.3 million on PK studies.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $ 1.5 million, a decrease of $ 0.2 million over the prior year period attributable to a decrease in business development-related expenses in the current period.

 

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Corporate and other
The following table sets forth Corporate general and administrative expenses, as well as other items of income and expense presented below income from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
                                 
                    Increase/  
    Six Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,     June 30,              
(in $000’s)   2010     2009     $     %  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)                  
 
Litigation settlement
  $     $ 855       (855 )     (100 )%
General and administrative expenses
    15,934       14,072       1,862       13 %
 
                         
Total operating expenses
    15,934       14,927       1,007       7 %
 
                         
Loss from operations
    (15,934 )     (14,927 )     (1,007 )     (7 )%
 
                         
 
                               
Other income (expense), net
    (42 )     58       (100 )     (172 )%
Interest income
    274       456       (182 )     (40 )%
Interest expense
    (70 )     (550 )     480       87 %
Provision for income taxes
  $ 97,613     $ 2,879       94,734     nm  
     
- nm   — not meaningful
Litigation settlement
The $ 0.9 million of Litigation settlement expense for the six months ended June 30, 2009 included legal and other professional fee expenses incurred by us in defense of a suit related to our (previously marketed) Lipram UL products which we settled in January 2010, accordingly there were no similar amounts in the current year period.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2010 were $ 15.9 million, a 13% increase attributable principally to an increase in compensation-related expenses of $ 1.5 million and higher insurance costs related to increasing levels of business activity of $ 0.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in professional fee expenses of $ 0.4 million related to the completion of the examination and review of our consolidated financial statements in conjunction with the filing of our SEC Registration Statement on Form 10 and NASDAQ Listing of our shares of common stock.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net was minimal for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, and contained no individually-significant items.
Interest Income
Interest income in the six months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 0.3 million, a 40% decrease as compared to the prior year period due to lower overall interest rates.
Interest Expense
Interest expense in the six months ended June 30, 2010 declined $ 0.5 million to $ 0.07 million, compared to the prior year period due to the absence of interest bearing debt resulting from the repurchase, on the contractual June 15, 2009 prepayment option date, of the $12.75 million remaining outstanding balance of our 3.5% convertible senior subordinated debentures, otherwise due in June 2012, and the August 2009 $ 6.9 million repayment in full of a subordinated promissory note.

 

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Income Taxes
During the six months ended June 30, 2010, we recorded a tax provision of $ 97.6 million for United States domestic federal and state income taxes and for income taxes in jurisdictions outside the United States. Included in the tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2010 is an accrual for uncertain tax positions of $ 0.02 million. In the six months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded a tax provision of $ 2.9 million for United States domestic federal and state income taxes and for income taxes in jurisdictions outside the United States. Included in the tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2009 is an accrual for uncertain tax positions of $ 0.5 million. The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2010 does not include the effect of the federal research and development tax credit which expired on December 31, 2009, and to-date has not been reinstated for 2010. The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2009 included the effect of the federal research and development tax credit. The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2009 also included the effect of the reversal of a valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset related to net operating losses at our wholly owned subsidiary Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc. We reversed the valuation allowance related to these net operating losses as a result of retroactive changes in Taiwan tax law published in the second quarter of 2009. The effective tax rate of 37.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was higher than the effective tax rate of 35.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2009, resulting principally from the absence of the federal research and development tax credit in the current year period and the reversal of the valuation allowance in the prior year period described above.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically funded our operations with the proceeds from the sale of debt and equity securities, and more recently, with cash from operations. Currently, our principal source of liquidity is cash from operations, consisting of the proceeds from the sales of our products and provision of services.
We expect to incur significant operating expenses, including expanded research and development activities and patent litigation expenses, for the foreseeable future. We estimate research and development expenses will be approximately $ 83.0 million and patent litigation expenses will be approximately $ 11.0 million for the 12 months ending December 31, 2010. We also anticipate incurring capital expenditures of approximately $ 20.0 million during the 12 months ending December 31, 2010, principally for continued improvements and expansion of our research and development and manufacturing facilities in the State of California and our packaging and distribution facilities in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In addition, we are generally required to make cash expenditures to manufacture and/or acquire finished product inventory in advance of selling the finished product to our customers and collecting payment for such product sales, which may result in a significant use of cash.
We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment balances, together with cash expected to be generated from operations, and our bank revolving line of credit, will be sufficient to meet our financing requirements through the next 12 months. We may, however, seek additional financing through alliance, collaboration, and /or licensing agreements, as well as from the equity and/or debt capital markets to fund the planned capital expenditures, our research and development plans, and potential revenue shortfalls due to delays in new product introductions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
At June 30, 2010, we had $ 177.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $ 145.7 million as compared to December 31, 2009. As more fully discussed below, the increase in cash and cash equivalents during the six months ended June 30, 2010 was primarily driven by $ 228.1 million of cash provided by operations, which included a decrease in accounts receivable, as well as an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses to be paid in subsequent periods. The increase in cash was also impacted by $ 12.8 million received from the exercise of stock options while being offset by net purchases of short term investments of $ 91.9 million during the six month period ended June 30, 2010.
Cash Flows
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2009.
Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was $ 228.1 million, an increase of $ 230.2 million as compared to the prior year period $ 2.1 million net cash used in operating activities.
The period-over-period increase in net cash provided by operating activities resulted principally from a higher net income, a decrease in accounts receivable, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses. Net income increased by $ 157.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2010 as compared to the same period in the prior year driven primarily by the launch of our generic tamsulosin product in March 2010. The decrease in accounts receivable to $ 136.0 million at June 30, 2010, resulted in a $ 49.7 million source of cash, compared to the same period in the prior year when accounts receivable resulted in a $ 10.3 million use of cash flows. In addition, higher levels of accounts payable and accrued expenses resulted in a period-over-period increase of $ 21.4 million in cash flows. The decreased level of accounts receivable at June 30, 2010 was primarily the result of the collection of amounts owed by our customers related to product sales from the launch of our tamsulosin product in March 2010, and of our mixed amphetamine salts products (launched in October 2009). We commenced sales of our tamsulosin product on March 2, 2010 and had contractual market exclusivity for this generic product for the succeeding eight week period, during which we were able to achieve high market-share penetration. Our future tamsulosin product sales, however, will not remain at this level, as additional competing generic versions of the product entered the market in late April 2010 at the conclusion of the contractual exclusivity period, and have resulted in both price erosion and reduction of our market-share. (See Results of Operations above for additional discussion.)

 

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Net cash used by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2010, amounted to $ 99.6 million, an increase of $ 84.1 million as compared to the prior year period $ 15.5 million use of cash flows in investing activities, with the change due to a period-over-period $ 81.8 million net increase in the purchase of short-term investments, and $ 2.3 million in higher expenditures on property, plant and equipment. Net purchases of short-term investments during the six months ended June 30, 2010 resulted in a $ 91.9 million use of cash flows, as compared to a $ 10.1 million use of cash flows from net purchases of short-term investments during the same period in the prior year. Purchases of property, plant and equipment for the six months ended June 30, 2010 amounted to $ 7.7 million as compared to $ 5.4 million for the prior year period. We expect continued investment in facilities, equipment, and information technology projects supporting our quality initiatives to ensure we have appropriate levels of technology infrastructure to manage and grow our global business.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2010 was approximately $ 17.1 million, representing an increase of $ 26.7 million as compared to the prior year period $ 9.6 million of net cash used by financing activities. The period-over-period increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to an increase in (aggregate) cash proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and contributions to the employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) of $ 12.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, as compared to $ 3.3 million received in the prior year period. In addition, on the contractual June 15, 2009 prepayment option date, at the request of the holders, we repurchased the remaining $ 12.75 million principal amount of the 3.5% Debentures at 100% of face value, plus accrued interest, resulting in a net use of cash in financing activities in the prior year period.

 

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Outstanding Debt Obligations
Senior Lenders; Wachovia Bank
We have a $ 35.0 million revolving credit facility under a credit agreement with Wachovia Bank, N.A. (a Wells Fargo subsidiary) (“Credit Agreement”), with a September 30, 2010 expiration date. The revolving credit facility, intended for working capital and general corporate purposes, is collateralized by eligible accounts receivable, inventory, and machinery and equipment, subject to limitations and other terms. There were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
The interest rate for the revolving credit facility is either the prime rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% or LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 2.25% to 3.0% based upon certain terms and conditions. We are required to pay an unused line fee of 50 basis points per annum and a servicing fee of $ 1,500 during any month in which no revolver loans are outstanding. During the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, we paid unused line fees of $ 88,000 and $ 83,000, respectively.
The Credit Agreement contains various financial covenants, the most significant of which include a “fixed charge coverage ratio” and a capital expenditure limitation. The fixed charge coverage ratio, applicable only for periods during which our net cash position is less than $ 50.0 million, requires EBITDA less cash paid for taxes, dividends, and certain capital expenditures to be not less than 1.25 to 1.00 as compared to scheduled principal payments coming due in the next 12 months plus cash interest paid during the applicable period. We are limited to capital expenditures of no more than $ 25.0 million for each calendar year. The Credit Agreement also provides for certain information reporting covenants, including a requirement to provide certain periodic financial information. At June 30, 2010, we were in compliance with the various financial and information reporting covenants contained in the Credit Agreement.

 

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2009, the FASB approved an update to the accounting standard related to multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements currently within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 605. The updated accounting standard provides principles and guidance to be used to determine whether a revenue arrangement has multiple deliverables, and if so, how those deliverables should be separated. If multiple deliverables exist, the updated standard requires revenue received under the arrangement to be allocated using the estimated selling price of the deliverables if vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of selling price is not available. The updated accounting standard is effective for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on, or after June 15, 2010, with early application permitted. We will determine the impact of the updated accounting standard as it enters into new revenue arrangements, or materially modifies any of its existing revenue arrangements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Accounting and Reporting for Decreases in Ownership of a Subsidiary — a Scope Clarification. This update provides amendments to Subtopic 810-10, and related guidance within US GAAP, to clarify the scope of the decrease in ownership provisions. For those entities that have already adopted Statement 160, the amendments are effective at the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period ending on or after December 15, 2009. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to the first period that an entity adopted Statement 160. Upon becoming effective this update did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2010, the FASB approved the “Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition,” which addresses accounting for arrangements in which a vendor satisfies its performance obligations over time, with all or a portion of the consideration contingent on future events, referred to as “milestones.” The Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition is limited to arrangements which involve research or development activities. A milestone is defined as an event for which, at the date the arrangement is entered into, there is substantive uncertainty whether the event will be achieved, and the achievement of the event is based in whole or in part on either the vendor’s performance or a specific outcome resulting from the vendor’s performance. In addition, the achievement of the event would result in additional payments being due to the vendor. The Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition allows a vendor to adopt an accounting policy to recognize arrangement consideration that is contingent on the achievement of a substantive milestone in its entirety in the period the milestone is achieved. The Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition is effective on a prospective basis, with an option for retrospective application, for milestones achieved in fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity elects early application in a period that is not the first reporting period of its fiscal year, then the guidance must be applied retrospectively from the beginning of that fiscal year. We will determine the impact of the new accounting standard as we achieve milestones, and earn payments under either new or existing revenue arrangements.

 

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There were no material changes to the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, were effective as of June 30, 2010.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended June 30, 2010, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Patent Infringement Litigation
Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc., et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Oxymorphone)
In November 2007, Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Penwest Pharmaceuticals Co. (together, “Endo”) filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, requesting a declaration our Paragraph IV Notices with respect to our ANDA for Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended Release Tablets 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg, generic to Opana® ER, are null and void and, in the alternative, alleging patent infringement in connection with the filing of such ANDA. Endo subsequently dismissed its request for declaratory relief and in December 2007 filed another patent infringement suit relating to the same ANDA. In July 2008, Endo asserted additional infringement claims with respect to our amended ANDA, which added 7.5mg, 15mg and 30mg strengths of the product. The cases were subsequently transferred to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. We filed an answer and counterclaims. Discovery was completed. The court issued its Markman decision and final pretrial orders in March 2010. We entered into a Settlement and License agreement with Endo, and this matter was dismissed, on June 15, 2010.
Purdue Pharma Products L.P., et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Tramadol)
In August 2008, Purdue Pharma Products L.P., Napp Pharmaceutical Group LTD., Biovail Laboratories International, SRL, and Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (collectively, “Purdue”) filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging patent infringement for the filing of our ANDA relating to Tramadol Hydrochloride Extended Release Tablets, 100 mg, generic to 100mg Ultram® ER. In November 2008, Purdue asserted additional infringement claims with respect to our amended ANDA, which added 200 mg and 300 mg strengths of the product. We filed answers and counterclaims to those complaints. In August 2009, one of the patents-in-suit, U.S. Patent No. 6,254,887, was found invalid in another ANDA case relating to Ultram® ER, Purdue Pharma Products L.P. et al, v. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. et al., Case No. 07-255 (D. Del.) (“Par action”) The Par action is now on appeal to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. On November 16, 2009, we and Purdue agreed by stipulation to stay the case until the earlier of the following two events: (a) the Federal Circuit issues a mandate in the Par action or that action is otherwise disposed of, or (b) an undisclosed event. The Federal Circuit affirmed the decision of invalidity in the Par action on June 3, 2010.
The Research Foundation of State University of New York et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Doxycycline Monohydrate)
In September 2009, The Research Foundation of State University of New York; New York University; Galderma Laboratories Inc.; and Galderma Laboratories, L.P. (collectively, “Galderma”) filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement for the filing of our ANDA relating to Doxycycline Monohydrate Delayed-Release Capsules, 40 mg, generic to Oracea®. We filed an answer and counterclaim. In October 2009, the parties agreed to be bound by the final judgment concerning infringement, validity and enforceability of the patent at issue in cases brought by Galderma against another generic drug manufacturer that has filed an ANDA relating to this product and proceedings in this case were stayed. In June 2010, Galderma moved for a preliminary injunction to bar sales by the other generic manufacturer based on two of the patents in suit, which motion was granted by the magistrate judge in a decision finding Galderma had shown a likelihood of success on the merits.
Abbott Laboratories, et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Choline Fenofibrate)
In March 2010, Abbott Laboratories and Fournier Laboratories Ireland Ltd. (together, “Abbott”) filed suit against us in the U.S District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging patent infringement for the filing of our ANDA related to Choline Fenofibrate Delayed Release Capsules, 45 mg and 135 mg, generic of Trilipix®. We have filed an answer. Discovery is proceeding, and no trial date has been scheduled.

 

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Shionogi Pharma, Inc. and LifeCycle Pharma A/S v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Fenofibrate)
In April 2010, Shionogi Pharma, Inc. and LifeCycle Pharma A/S filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement for the filing of our ANDA relating to Fenofibrate Tablets, 40 and 120 mg, generic to Fenoglide®. We have filed our answer.
Genzyme Corp. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Sevelamer Carbonate Powder)
In July 2010, Genzyme Corporation filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, alleging patent infringement for the filing of our ANDA relating to Sevelamer Carbonate Powder, 2.4 g and 0.8 g packets, generic to Renvela® powder. We have not answered the complaint.
Other Litigation Related to Our Business
Budeprion XL Litigation
In June 2009, we were named a co-defendant in class action lawsuits filed in California state court in an action titled Kelly v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd, et al., No. BC414812 (Calif. Superior Crt. L.A. County). Subsequently, additional class action lawsuits were filed in Louisiana (Morgan v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd, et al., No. 673880 (24th Dist Crt., Jefferson Parish, LA.)), North Carolina (Weber v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus., Ltd., et al., No. 07 CV5002556, (N.C. Superior Crt., Hanover County)), Pennsylvania (Rosenfeld v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.. et al., No. 2:09-CV-2811 (E.D. Pa.)), Florida (Henchenski and Vogel v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., et al., No. 2:09-CV-470-FLM-29SPC (M.D. Fla.)), Texas (Anderson v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus., Ltd., et al., No. 3-09CV1200-M (N.D. Tex.)), Oklahoma (Brown et al. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Inds., Ltd., et al., No. 09-cv-649-TCK-PJC (N.D. OK)), Ohio (Latvala et al. v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Inds., Ltd., et al., No. 2:09-cv-795 (S.D. OH)), Alabama (Jordan v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd et al., No. CV09-709 (Ala. Cir. Crt. Baldwin County)), and Washington (Leighty v. Teva Pharmaceuticals Indus. Ltd et al., No. CV09-01640 (W. D. Wa.)). All of the complaints involve Budeprion XL, a generic version of Wellbutrin XL® that is manufactured by the Company and marketed by Teva, and allege that, contrary to representations of Teva, Budeprion XL is less effective in treating depression, and more likely to cause dangerous side effects, than Wellbutrin XL. The actions are brought on behalf of purchasers of Budeprion XL and assert claims such as unfair competition, unfair trade practices and negligent misrepresentation under state law. Each lawsuit seeks damages in an unspecified amount consisting of the cost of Budeprion XL paid by class members, as well as any applicable penalties imposed by state law, and disclaims damages for personal injury. The state court cases have been removed to federal court, and a petition for multidistrict litigation to consolidate the cases in federal court has been granted. These cases and any subsequently filed cases will be heard under the consolidated action entitled In re: Budeprion XL Marketing Sales Practices, and Products Liability Litigation, MDL No. 2107, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. We filed a motion to dismiss and a motion to certify that order for interlocutory appeal, both of which were denied. Discovery is proceeding, and no trial date has been scheduled.

 

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2010. Please carefully consider the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, and in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2010, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2010 are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
We may be adversely affected by alliance, collaboration, license and distribution agreements we enter into with other companies.
We have entered into several alliance, collaboration or license and distribution agreements with respect to certain of our products and services and may enter into similar agreements in the future. These arrangements may require us to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or product candidates, or to grant licenses on terms that ultimately may prove to be unfavorable to us. Relationships with alliance partners may also include risks due to incomplete marketplace information, inventories, and commercial strategies of our partners, and our agreements may be the subject of contractual disputes. If we or our partners are not successful in commercializing the products covered by the agreements, such commercial failure could adversely affect our business.
Under one of our license and distribution agreements we are dependent on another pharmaceutical company to supply us with product that we market and sell, and we may enter into similar agreements in the future. Any delay or interruption in the supply of product under such agreements could curtail or delay our product shipment and adversely affect our revenues, as well as jeopardize our relationships with our customers.

 

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table provides information regarding the purchases of our equity securities by us during the quarter ended June 30, 2010.
                                 
                    Total        
                    Number of        
                    Shares (or        
                    Units)        
                    Purchased     Maximum Number (or  
                    as Part of     Approximate Dollar  
            Average     Publicly     Value) of Shares (or  
    Total Number of     Price Paid     Announced     Units) that May Yet  
    Shares (or Units)     Per Share     Plans or     Be Purchased Under  
Period   Purchased(1)     (or Unit)     Programs     the Plans or Programs  
April 1, 2010 to April 30, 2010
                       
 
                               
May 1, 2010 to May 31, 2010
  29,039 shares of common stock     $ 19.65              
 
                               
June 1, 2010 to June 30, 2010
  6,878 shares of common stock     $ 20.40              
     
(1)   Represents shares of our common stock we accepted during the indicated periods as a tax withholding from certain of our employees in connection with the vesting of shares of restricted stock pursuant to the terms of our 2002 Plan.

 

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ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 4. (REMOVED AND RESERVED)
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not Applicable.

 

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
         
Exhibit No.   Description of Document
       
 
  10.1    
Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2010, by and among the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, successor by merger to Wachovia Bank, National Association.
       
 
  10.2    
Impax Laboratories, Inc. Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan. * (1)
       
 
  11.1    
Statement re computation of per share earnings (incorporated by reference to Note 14 to the Notes to the unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
       
 
  31.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  31.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  32.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  32.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
*   Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
 
(1)   Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement filed on April 14, 2010.

 

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
  Impax Laboratories, Inc.
 
 
Date: August 5, 2010  By:   /s/ Larry Hsu, Ph.D.    
    Name:   Larry Hsu, Ph.D.   
    Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)   
 
     
  By:   /s/ Arthur A. Koch, Jr.    
    Name:   Arthur A. Koch Jr.   
    Title:   Senior Vice President, Finance and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
 

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX
         
Exhibit No.   Description of Document
       
 
  10.1    
Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2010, by and among the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, successor by merger to Wachovia Bank, National Association.
       
 
  10.2    
Impax Laboratories, Inc. Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan. * (1)
       
 
  11.1    
Statement re computation of per share earnings (incorporated by reference to Note 14 to the Notes to the unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
       
 
  31.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  31.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  32.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
       
 
  32.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
*   Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
 
(1)   Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement filed on April 14, 2010.

 

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