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EX-23.2 - CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (ERNST & YOUNG LLP) - ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORPdex232.htm
EX-31.2 - CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER - ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORPdex312.htm
EX-32.1 - CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER - ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORPdex321.htm
EX-31.1 - CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER - ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORPdex311.htm
EX-21.1 - SUBSIDIARIES OF ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP. - ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORPdex211.htm
EX-23.1 - CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM (GRANT THORNTON LLP) - ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORPdex231.htm
Table of Contents

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 Commission file number 000-50552

 

 

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   80-0076779

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

28405 Van Dyke Avenue

Warren, Michigan 48093

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(586) 939-9600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value   The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  ¨

  Accelerated filer  x

Non-accelerated filer  ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

  Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2009 (based on the June 30, 2009 closing sales price of $7.69 of the registrant’s Common Stock, as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on such date) was $114,928,880.

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value, at February 26, 2010:

30,603,708 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 13, 2010 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page
   PART I   

Item 1.

  

Business

   3

Item 1A.

  

Risk Factors

   14

Item 1B.

  

Unresolved Staff Comments

   21

Item 2.

  

Properties

   22

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

   22

Item 4.

  

Reserved

   22

Supplemental Item.

  

Executive Officers of the Company

   23
   PART II   

Item 5.

  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   25

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

   26

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   29

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   52

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   52

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   52

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

   53

Item 9B.

  

Other Information

   53
   PART III   

Item 10.

  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   53

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

   54

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   54

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   54

Item 14.

  

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

   54
   PART IV   

Item 15.

  

Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules

   55

Signatures

   58

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-1

Annual Report on Form 10-K

We file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which we make available on our website, www.assetacceptance.com, free of charge. These reports include Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports, each of which is provided on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with or furnish them to the SEC.

 

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Table of Contents

PART I

 

Item 1. Business

General

We have been purchasing and collecting defaulted or charged-off accounts receivable portfolios from consumer credit originators since the formation of our predecessor company in 1962. Charged-off receivables are the unpaid obligations of individuals to credit originators, such as credit card issuers, consumer finance companies, healthcare providers, retail merchants, telecommunications and other utility providers. Since these receivables are delinquent or past due, we are able to purchase them at a substantial discount. We purchase and collect charged-off consumer receivable portfolios for our own account as we believe this affords us the best opportunity to use long-term strategies to maximize our profits. From January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2009, we purchased 1,090 consumer debt portfolios, with an original charged-off face value of $40.4 billion for an aggregate purchase price of $998.0 million, or 2.47% of face value, net of buybacks.

When considering whether to purchase a portfolio, we conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the portfolio to appropriately price the debt. This analysis includes the use of our proprietary pricing and collection probability model and draws upon our extensive experience in the industry. We have developed experience across a wide range of asset types at various stages of delinquency, having made purchases across more than 20 different asset types from over 160 different debt sellers since 2000. We selectively deploy our capital in the fresh, primary, secondary and tertiary delinquency stages. These stages are typically where the accounts are delinquent and have been charged off and immediately sold or have been placed with between one and four collection agencies who have already attempted to collect on the accounts included in the portfolios we acquired.

We have a long-standing history in the industry, relationships with debt sellers and attention to post-sale service. Unlike some third party collection agencies that typically attempt to collect the debt for a period of only six to twelve months, we generally take a long-term approach to the collection effort as we are the owners of the debt. We apply an approach that encourages cooperation with the debtors to make a lump sum settlement payment in full or to formulate a repayment plan. For those debtors who we believe have the ability to repay the debt, we may proceed with legal remedies to obtain our collections. Through our strategy of holding the debt for the long-term, we have established a methodology of converting debtors into paying customers. In addition, our approach allows us to invest in various collection management and analysis tools that may be too costly for short-term oriented collection agencies, as well as to pursue legal collection strategies as appropriate. In many cases, we continue to receive collections on individual portfolios for more than ten years from the date of purchase.

In addition, the Company finances the sales of consumer product retailers through its Consumer Credit, LLC subsidiary.

 

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History

Our business originated in 1962 for the purpose of purchasing and collecting charged-off consumer receivables. Set forth below is a diagram depicting our corporate structure as of January 1, 2005:

LOGO

Acquisition

On April 28, 2006, Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC completed a stock purchase transaction of Premium Asset Recovery Corporation (“PARC”). Under the terms of the agreement, Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of PARC.

Currently, Asset Acceptance, LLC purchases and holds portfolios in all asset types except for healthcare. PARC purchases and collects on portfolios primarily in healthcare.

Current Structure and Reorganization

On April 15, 2008, Rx Acquisitions, LLC was merged with and into Asset Acceptance, LLC, with the result that, by operation of law, all assets of Rx Acquisitions, LLC were vested in Asset Acceptance, LLC and all obligations of Rx Acquisitions, LLC were assumed by Asset Acceptance, LLC. Subsequent to the merger, all ownership interests in Asset Acceptance, LLC continue to be owned by Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC.

On August 31, 2009, a reorganization was completed that merged AAC Investors, Inc., RBR Holding Corp., and Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC (“Non-Operating Subsidiaries”) with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (“AACC”). All assets of the Non-Operating Subsidiaries vested in AACC and all obligations of the Non-Operating Subsidiaries were assumed by AACC. As a result of this reorganization, Asset Acceptance, LLC, Consumer Credit, LLC and PARC became direct wholly-owned subsidiaries of AACC. The foregoing is referred to herein as the “Reorganization”.

 

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Set forth below is a diagram depicting our current corporate structure, which reflects the Reorganization:

LOGO

As used in this Annual Report, all references to us mean AACC, a Delaware corporation, and all wholly-owned subsidiaries (referred to in our financial statements as the “Company”).

Purchasing

Typically, we purchase our portfolios in response to a request to bid received via e-mail or telephone from a prospective seller. In addition to these requests, we have developed a marketing and acquisitions team that contacts and cultivates relationships with known and prospective sellers of portfolios in our core markets and in markets for new asset types. We have purchased portfolios from over 160 different debt sellers since 2000, including many of the largest consumer lenders in the United States. While we have no policy limiting purchases from a single debt seller, we purchase from a diverse set of debt sellers and our purchasing decisions are based upon constantly changing economic and competitive conditions as opposed to long-term relationships with particular debt sellers. Depending on market conditions and opportunities presented by certain debt sellers, we may enter into forward flow contracts. Forward flow contracts commit a debt seller to sell a steady volume of charged-off receivables to us for a fixed percentage of the face value over a specified time period, which typically ranges between three and twelve months.

We purchase our portfolios through a variety of sources, including consumer credit originators, private brokers and occasionally from debt resellers. Debt resellers are debt purchasers that sell accounts at some point in time after purchase. Generally, portfolios are purchased either in competitive bids through a sealed bid process, in some cases, through an on-line process or through privately-negotiated transactions between the credit originator or other holders of consumer debt and us.

Each potential acquisition begins with a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the portfolio. In the initial stages of the due diligence process, we review basic data on the portfolio’s accounts. This data typically includes the account number, the consumer’s name, address, social security number, phone numbers, outstanding balance, date of charge-off, last payment and account origination to the extent the debt sellers provide this data. We analyze this information and summarize it based on certain key metrics, such as, but not limited to, state of debtor’s last known residence, type of debt, and, time remaining on the credit bureaus and time remaining within the statute of limitations. In addition, we request the seller to provide answers to a questionnaire designed to help us understand important qualitative factors relating to the portfolio.

As part of our due diligence, we evaluate the portfolio utilizing our proprietary pricing model. This model uses certain characteristics of the portfolio, historical analysis of similar portfolios, potential portfolio recoveries and collection expense estimates to formulate a bid range. In those circumstances where the type or pricing of the portfolio is unusual, we consult with industry experts and our collections management to help ascertain collectability, potential collection strategies and our ability to integrate the new portfolio into our collection platform.

 

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Once we have compiled and analyzed available data, we consider market conditions and determine an appropriate bid price or bid range. The recommended bid price or bid range, along with a summary of our due diligence, is submitted to our investment committee and, for purchases in excess of a certain dollar threshold, to a designated member of our audit committee for review and approval. After appropriate approvals and acceptance of our offer by the seller of the portfolio, a purchase agreement is negotiated. Buyback provisions are generally incorporated into the purchase agreement for bankrupt, fraudulent, paid prior or deceased accounts and, typically, the credit originator either agrees to repurchase these accounts or replace them with acceptable accounts within certain time frames, generally within 90 to 180 days. Upon execution of the agreement, we receive title to the accounts and the transaction is funded.

The following chart categorizes our purchased receivables portfolios acquired from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2009 into major asset types, as of December 31, 2009:

 

Asset Type

   Face Value of
Charged-off
Receivables(2)
   %     No. of
Accounts
   %  
     (in thousands)          (in thousands)       

General Purpose Credit Cards

   $ 20,312,939    51.7   8,651    26.1

Private Label Credit Cards

     5,654,938    14.4      7,827    23.6   

Telecommunications/Utility/Gas

     3,094,747    7.9      7,920    23.9   

Healthcare

     2,510,266    6.4      4,118    12.4   

Health Club

     1,562,807    4.0      1,272    3.8   

Auto Deficiency

     1,352,470    3.4      240    0.7   

Other Installment Loans

     1,345,148    3.4      353    1.1   

Other(1)

     3,443,045    8.8      2,785    8.4   
                        

Total

   $ 39,276,360    100.0   33,166    100.0
                        

 

(1)

“Other” includes charged-off receivables of several debt types, including healthcare, student loan, mobile home deficiency and retail mail order. This excludes the purchase of a single portfolio in June 2002 with a face value of $1.2 billion at a cost of $1.2 million (or 0.1% of face value), consisting of approximately 3.8 million accounts.

 

(2)

Face value of charged-off receivables represents the cumulative amount of purchases net of buybacks. The amounts in this table are not adjusted for payments received, settlements or additional accrued interest on any accounts in such portfolios that occur after the purchase date.

The age of a charged-off consumer receivables portfolio, the time since an account has been charged-off by the credit originator and the number of times a portfolio has been placed with third parties for collection purposes are important factors in determining the price at which we will offer to purchase a portfolio. Generally, there is an inverse relationship between the age of a portfolio and the price at which we will purchase it. This relationship is due to the fact that older receivables are typically more difficult to collect. The consumer debt collection industry places receivables into the following categories depending on the age and number of third parties that have previously attempted to collect on the receivables:

 

   

fresh accounts are typically 120 to 180 days past due, have been charged-off by the credit originator and are being sold prior to any post charge-off collection activity. These accounts typically sell for the highest purchase price;

 

   

primary accounts are typically 180 to 360 days past due, have been previously placed with one third party collector and typically receive a lower purchase price; and

 

   

secondary and tertiary accounts are typically more than 360 days past due, have been placed with two or three third party collectors and receive even lower purchase prices.

We will purchase accounts at any point in the delinquency cycle. We deploy our capital within these delinquency stages based upon the relative values of the available debt portfolios.

 

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The following chart categorizes our purchased receivables portfolios acquired from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2009 into the major account types, as of December 31, 2009:

 

Account Type

   Face Value of
Charged-off
Receivables(2)
   %     No. of
Accounts
   %  
     (in thousands)          (in thousands)       

Fresh

   $ 2,634,805    6.7   1,507    4.5

Primary

     4,642,472    11.8      4,530    13.7   

Secondary

     9,192,511    23.4      8,339    25.1   

Tertiary(1)

     18,434,537    47.0      15,642    47.2   

Other

     4,372,035    11.1      3,148    9.5   
                        

Total

   $ 39,276,360    100.0   33,166    100.0
                        

 

(1)

Excludes the purchase of a single portfolio in June 2002 with a face value of $1.2 billion at a cost of $1.2 million (or 0.1% of face value), consisting of approximately 3.8 million accounts.

 

(2)

Face value of charged-off receivables represents the cumulative amount of purchases net of buybacks. The amount is not adjusted for payments received, settlements or additional accrued interest on any accounts in such portfolios that occur after the purchase date.

We also review the geographic distribution of accounts within a portfolio because collection laws differ from state to state. The following chart illustrates our purchased receivables portfolios acquired from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2009 based on geographic location of debtor, as of December 31, 2009:

 

Geographic Location

   Face Value of
Charged-off
Receivables(3)(4)
   %     No. of
Accounts(3)
   %  
     (in thousands)          (in thousands)       

Texas(1)

   $ 5,639,291    14.4   5,291    15.9

California

     4,472,324    11.4      3,707    11.2   

Florida(1)

     3,815,494    9.7      2,379    7.2   

New York

     2,279,597    5.8      1,398    4.2   

Michigan(1)

     2,102,903    5.4      2,573    7.8   

Ohio(1)

     1,848,596    4.7      2,360    7.1   

Illinois(1)

     1,583,502    4.0      1,754    5.3   

Pennsylvania

     1,344,888    3.4      998    3.0   

New Jersey(1)

     1,259,953    3.2      1,081    3.3   

North Carolina

     1,095,588    2.8      731    2.2   

Georgia

     1,094,616    2.8      895    2.7   

Other(2)

     12,739,608    32.4      9,999    30.1   
                        

Total

   $ 39,276,360    100.0   33,166    100.0
                        

 

(1)

Collection site(s) located in this state.

 

(2)

Each state included in “Other” represents less than 2.0% of the face value of total charged-off receivables.

 

(3)

Excludes the purchase of a single portfolio in June 2002 with a face value of $1.2 billion at a cost of $1.2 million (or 0.1% of face value), consisting of approximately 3.8 million accounts.

 

(4)

Face value of charged-off receivables represents the cumulative amount of purchases net of buybacks. The amounts in this table are not adjusted for payments received, settlements or additional accrued interest on any accounts in such portfolios that occur after the purchase date.

 

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Collection Operations

Our collection operations seek to maximize the recovery of our purchased charged-off receivables in a cost-effective manner. We have organized our collection process into a number of specialized departments, which include collection, legal collection and other collection departments. Other collections is predominantly comprised of third party agencies, bankruptcy and probate collections.

Generally, our efforts begin in our collection department and, if warranted, move to our legal collection department. If an account involves a bankrupt debtor or a deceased debtor, our bankruptcy or probate recovery departments will review and manage the account. If it is determined that an account should be outsourced to a third party collection agency, our agency or legal forwarding departments handle the matter. We utilize a network of data providers to obtain updated data on our purchased charged-off receivables and to assist our account representatives in their ability to collect on these receivables.

Collection Department

Once a portfolio is purchased, we perform a review in order to formulate and apply what we believe to be an effective collection strategy. This review includes a series of data preparation and information acquisition steps to provide the necessary account data to begin collection efforts. Portfolio accounts are assigned, sorted and prioritized based on account status and demographics, balance sizes and various internal and external collectability indicators.

We train our account representatives to be full service account representatives who handle substantially all collection activity related to the accounts they service. Such activities include manual and automated dialer outbound calling activity, inbound call management, skip tracing or debtor location efforts and settlement and payment plan negotiation. Our performance-based collection model is driven by a bonus program that allows account representatives to earn bonuses based on their achievement compared to collection goals. In addition, we monitor our account representatives for compliance with federal and state debt collection laws.

When an initial telephone contact is made with a debtor, the account representative is trained to go through a series of questions in an effort to obtain accurate location and financial information on the debtor, the reason the debtor may have defaulted on the account, the debtor’s willingness to pay and other relevant information that may be helpful in securing satisfactory settlement or payment arrangements. If full payment is not available, the account representative will attempt to negotiate a settlement. In an effort to maximize recoveries, we maintain settlement guidelines that account representatives, supervisors and managers must follow. Exceptions are handled by management on an account-by-account basis. If the debtor is unable to pay the balance in full or settle within allowed guidelines, monthly installment plans are encouraged in order to have the debtor resume a regular payment habit. Our experience has shown that debtors are more likely to respond to this approach, which can result in settlement in full in the future.

If an account representative is unable to establish contact with a debtor, the account representative undertakes skip tracing procedures to locate, initiate contact with and collect from the debtor. Skip tracing efforts are performed individually at the account representative level and by third party information providers in a batch process. Each account representative has access to internal and external information databases that interface with our collection system. In addition, we have several information providers from whom we acquire information that is either systematically or manually validated and used in our efforts to locate debtors. Using these methods, we periodically refresh and supply updated account information to our account representatives to increase contact with debtors.

Legal Collection Department

In the event collection has not been obtained through our collection department and the opportunity for legal action is verified, we pursue a legal judgment against the debtor. Once a judgment is obtained, our legal department pursues various collection strategies to secure payment. Our in-house legal collection department is

 

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comprised of collection attorneys, non-attorney legal account representatives, support staff and skip tracers. Our legal forwarding department is comprised of account representatives, support staff and associates managing activities with outside attorneys.

For accounts in states where we have a local presence, and in some cases adjacent states, we prefer to pursue an in-house legal strategy as it provides us with a greater ability to manage the process. We currently have in-house capability in nine states. In each of these states, we have designed our legal policies and procedures to maintain compliance with state and federal laws while pursuing available legal opportunities. We will pursue selective expansion into different geographic regions if analysis indicates it is favorable to do so.

Our legal forwarding department is organized to address the legal recovery function for accounts principally located in states where we do not have a local or adjacent presence to handle excess capacity and for accounts that we believe can be better served by a third party law firm. To that end, we utilize independent agencies including law firms throughout the country, who work for us on a contingent fee basis. The legal forwarding department actively manages and monitors our legal collection process handled by third parties.

Other Collection Departments

Although we collect the largest portion of our charged-off receivable portfolios through our internal collection operations, in some cases we believe it can be more effective and cost-efficient to outsource collections. We have developed a network of third party collection agencies to service accounts when we believe outsourcing is an appropriate strategy. For example, we may consider outsourcing relatively small balance accounts so that our account representatives can focus on larger balance accounts. In addition, we have an agency agreement with a firm in India which we engaged to collect on our behalf. These varying collection channels allow us to pursue the most effective collection method for each account.

Our bankruptcy and probate recovery departments handle bankruptcy and estate probate processing and collections. The bankruptcy department files proofs of claims for recoveries on receivables, which are included in consumer bankruptcies filed under Chapter 7 (resulting in liquidation and discharge of a debtor’s debts) and Chapter 13 (resulting in repayment plans based on the financial wherewithal of the debtor) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The probate recovery department and our network of third party law firms submit claims against estates involving deceased debtors having assets that may become available to us through a probate claim.

Seasonality

Refer to Part II. Item 7, under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Seasonality” for the effect of seasonality on our business.

Competition

The consumer debt collection industry is highly competitive and fragmented. We compete with a wide range of other purchasers of charged-off consumer receivables, third party collection agencies, other financial service companies and credit originators that manage their own consumer receivables. Some of these companies may have substantially greater numbers of associates and financial resources and may experience lower account representative turnover rates than we do. Furthermore, some of our competitors may obtain alternative sources of financing, the proceeds from which may be used to fund expansion and to increase their number of charged-off portfolio purchases. Barriers to entry into the consumer debt collection industry are low. Companies with greater financial resources may elect at a future date to enter the consumer debt collection business. Furthermore, current debt sellers may change strategies and cease selling debt portfolios in the future.

Competitive pressures affect the availability and pricing of receivable portfolios, as well as the availability and cost of qualified account representatives. In addition, some of our competitors may have entered into forward

 

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flow contracts under which consumer credit originators have agreed to transfer a steady flow of charged-off receivables to them in the future, which may restrict those credit originators from selling receivables to other purchasers and limit the supply of receivables available to us.

We face bidding competition in our acquisition of charged-off consumer receivables. We believe successful bids generally are predominantly awarded based on price, secondarily based on service and relationships with the individual debt sellers, and the debt buyer’s ability to fund the deal. In addition, there continues to be a consolidation of issuers of credit cards, which have been a principal source of our receivable purchases. This consolidation has decreased the number of sellers in the market and could eventually give the remaining sellers increasing market strength in the price and terms of the sale of charged-off credit card accounts.

Technology Platform

We believe that information technology is critical to our success. Our key systems have been purchased from outside vendors and, with our input, have been tailored to meet our particular business needs. We maintain a full-time staff of technology professionals who monitor and maintain our information technology and communications structure. We utilize a centralized data center model. This leverages economies of scale in providing distributed computing capabilities.

We license our collection software and complementary products from third party providers. The collection software in use today enables us to:

 

   

automate the loading of accounts in order to expedite collecting after purchase;

 

   

segment the accounts into dispositions for collection prioritization;

 

   

access several approved service partners including third party letter production and mailing vendors, credit reporting services and information service providers;

 

   

interface with automated dialers to increase the number of contacts with our debtors;

 

   

connect to a document imaging system to allow our associates, with appropriate responsibilities, to view scanned documents on accounts from their workstations while working on an account;

 

   

limit an associate’s ability to work outside of company guidelines;

 

   

query the appropriate database for any purpose which may be used for collection, reporting or other business matters; and

 

   

establish parameters to comply with federal and state laws.

In 2007, we signed an agreement with a software provider and initiated a project to install a new collection platform. The new collection platform will maintain all crucial functionality of the current platform. We are in the process of installing that platform.

In order to minimize the potential impact of a disaster or other interruption of data or telephone communications that are critical to our business, we have:

 

   

a diesel generator sufficient in size to power our entire Warren, Michigan headquarters, including our centralized systems;

 

   

a back-up server sufficient in size to handle our database located in a separate data center from the primary data center;

 

   

replication of data from the primary system to a backup system;

 

   

an ability to have inbound phone calls rerouted to other offices;

 

   

fire suppression systems in our primary and back-up data centers;

 

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redundant data paths to each of our call center offices and data centers;

 

   

daily back-up of all of our critical applications with the tapes transported offsite to a secure data storage facility; and

 

   

data replication in our primary server to preserve data in the event of a failure of a storage component.

In addition, we have state-of-the-art dialer systems for incoming and outgoing calls that include call recording and messaging technology.

Regulation and Legal Compliance—Collection Activities

Federal, state and local statutes establish specific guidelines and procedures, which debt collection account representatives must follow when collecting consumer accounts. It is our policy to comply with the provisions of all applicable federal, state and local laws in all of our recovery activities. As such, we have established comprehensive procedures to ensure compliance with applicable federal, state and local collection laws. Failure to comply with these laws could lead to fines, suits and disruption of our collection activities that could have a material adverse effect on us.

Federal, state and local consumer protection, privacy and related laws and regulations extensively regulate the relationship between debt collectors and debtors. Significant federal laws and regulations applicable to our business as a debt collection company include the following:

 

   

Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”). This act imposes obligations and restrictions on the practices of consumer debt collectors, including specific restrictions regarding communications with debtors, including the time, place and manner of the communications. This act also gives consumers certain rights, including the right to dispute the validity of their obligations;

 

   

Fair Credit Reporting Act/Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act of 2003. The Fair Credit Reporting Act and its amendment entitled the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act of 2003 (“FACT Act”) place requirements on credit information furnishers regarding verification of the accuracy of information furnished to credit reporting agencies and requires such information furnishers to investigate consumer disputes concerning the accuracy of such information. The FACT Act also requires certain conduct in the cases of identity theft or unauthorized use of a credit card and direct disputes to the creditor. We furnish information concerning our accounts to the three major credit-reporting agencies, and it is our practice to correctly report this information and to investigate credit-reporting disputes in a timely fashion;

 

   

The Financial Privacy Rule. Promulgated under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, this rule requires that financial institutions, including collection agencies, develop policies to protect the privacy of consumers’ private financial information and provide notices to consumers advising them of their privacy policies. It also requires that if private personal information concerning a consumer is shared with another unrelated institution, the consumer must be given an opportunity to opt out of having such information shared. Since we do not share consumer information with non-related entities, except as required by law, or except as allowed by the rule in connection with our collection efforts, our consumers are not entitled to any opt-out rights under this rule. Both this rule and the Safeguards Rule described below are enforced by the Federal Trade Commission, which has retained exclusive jurisdiction over enforcement of them. Consumers do not have a private cause of action for violations of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act;

 

   

The Safeguards Rule. Also promulgated under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, this rule specifies that we must safeguard financial information of consumers and have a written security plan setting forth information technology safeguards and the ongoing monitoring of the storage and safeguarding of electronic information;

 

   

Electronic Funds Transfer Act. This act regulates the use of the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) system to make electronic funds transfers. All ACH transactions must comply with Federal Reserve

 

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Regulation E and the rules of the Electronic Payments Association, formerly the National Automated Check Clearing House Association (“NACHA”). This act, Regulation E and the NACHA regulations give the consumer, among other things, certain privacy rights with respect to the transactions, the right to stop payments on a pre-approved fund transfer, and the right to receive certain documentation of the transaction;

 

   

Telephone Consumer Protection Act. In the process of collecting on accounts, we use automated dialers to place calls to consumers. This act and similar state laws place certain restrictions on users of automated dialing equipment who place telephone calls to consumers;

 

   

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”)/Health Information Technology for Economical and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”). HIPAA requires that healthcare institutions provide safeguards to protect the privacy of consumers’ healthcare information. As a debt buyer collecting on healthcare debt, we are considered a business associate to the healthcare institutions and are required to abide by HIPAA. HITECH increased HIPAA requirements relating to electronic security as well as consumer and public notification of security breaches; and

 

   

U.S. Bankruptcy Code. In order to prevent any collection activity with bankrupt debtors by creditors and collection agencies, the U.S. Bankruptcy Code provides for an automatic stay, which prohibits certain contact with consumers after the filing of bankruptcy petitions.

Additionally, there are state and local statutes and regulations comparable to the above federal laws and other state and local-specific licensing requirements which affect our operations. State laws may also limit interest rates and fees, methods of collections, as well as the time frame in which judicial actions may be initiated to enforce the collection of consumer accounts. Court rulings in various jurisdictions also may impact our ability to collect.

Although we are not generally a credit originator, the following laws, which apply typically to credit originators, may occasionally affect our operations because our receivables were originated through credit transactions:

 

   

Truth in Lending Act;

 

   

Fair Credit Billing Act;

 

   

Equal Credit Opportunity Act;

 

   

Retail Installment Sales Act; and

 

   

Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009.

Federal laws which regulate credit originators require, among other things, that credit card issuers disclose to consumers the interest rates, fees, grace periods and balance calculation methods associated with their credit card accounts. Consumers are entitled under current laws to have payments and credits applied to their accounts promptly, to receive prescribed notices, and to require billing errors to be resolved promptly. Some laws prohibit discriminatory practices in connection with the extension of credit. Federal statutes further provide that, in some cases, consumers cannot be held liable for, or their liability is limited with respect to, charges to the credit card account that were a result of an unauthorized use of the credit card. These laws, among others may limit our ability to recover amounts due on an account, whether or not we committed any wrongful act or omission in connection with the account. If the credit originator fails to comply with applicable statutes, rules and regulations, it could create claims and rights for consumers that could reduce or eliminate their obligations to repay the account, and have a possible material adverse effect on us. Accordingly, when we acquire charged-off consumer receivables, we typically require credit originators to represent and warrant that the receivables were originated and serviced in compliance with applicable laws, and indemnify us against certain losses that may result from their failure to comply with applicable statutes, rules and regulations relating to the receivables before they are sold to us.

 

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There are federal and state statues concerning identity theft or unauthorized use of a credit card. Some of these provisions place restrictions on our ability to report information concerning receivables, which may be subject to identity theft or unauthorized use of a credit card, to consumer credit reporting agencies. Additional consumer protection and privacy protection laws may be enacted that would impose additional requirements on the recovery of consumer credit card or installment accounts. Any new laws, rules or regulations that may be adopted, as well as existing consumer protection and privacy protection laws, may adversely affect our ability to collect on our charged-off consumer receivable portfolios. In addition, our failure to comply with these requirements could adversely affect our ability to recover the receivables and increase our costs.

It is possible that some of the receivables were established as a result of identity theft or unauthorized use. In such cases, we would not be able to recover the amount of the charged-off consumer receivables. As a purchaser of charged-off consumer receivables, we may acquire receivables subject to legitimate defenses on the part of the consumer. Most of our account purchase contracts allow us to return to the credit originators (within an agreed upon amount of time) certain charged-off consumer receivables that may not be collectible at the time of purchase, due to these and other circumstances. Upon return, the credit originators or debt sellers are required to replace the receivables with similar receivables or repurchase the receivables. These provisions limit, to some extent, our losses on such accounts.

Associates

As of December 31, 2009, we employed 1,758 associates, including 1,701 associates on a full-time basis and 57 associates on a part-time basis.

Training

We provide a comprehensive development training program for our new account representatives and continuing education opportunities for all associates via the Company’s learning center. Our training includes several learning approaches, including classroom interactive activities, computer-based training and on-the-job training. We also use our e-mail system and intranet to address on-going training issues.

New collection account representatives are required to complete an eight-week training program. The program is divided into two four-week modules. The initial four-week module has weekly objectives using various learning activities. The first week includes structured learning of our collection software and information technology tools, federal, state and local collection laws (with particular emphasis on the FDCPA and the FACT Act), telephone collection techniques and core company policies, procedures and practices. The second week continues the structured learning and is supplemented by supervised telephone collection calls. During weeks three and four, the new hires form a collection team, with a trainer as supervisor. Collection goals are established and collection calls are made and supervised. Instruction and guidance is shared with the new associates to improve productivity. Training includes discussion of challenges faced by associates and debriefing of the activities performed. Interactive activities are used to enhance collection and organization skills.

The second four-week training module transitions the collection team to the collection floor, where they are assigned productivity goals and work under the direction of a supervisor. This team of new hires continues to receive closely monitored training and reviews key elements from the first session.

New legal account representatives are required to complete a four-week training program. The first week of training is the same for legal account representatives as it is for collection account representatives. The second week of training focuses on legal processes and procedures and also includes supervised collection calls. Weeks three and four include closely supervised implementation of assigned duties.

All account representatives are tested annually on their knowledge of the FDCPA and other applicable laws. Account representatives not achieving our minimum standards are required to complete a FDCPA review session and are then retested. In addition, annual supplemental instruction in the FDCPA and collection techniques is provided to all our account representatives.

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

This Report includes forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, we may make other written and oral communications from time to time that contain forward-looking statements. All statements regarding our expected financial position, strategies and growth prospects and general economic conditions we expect to exist in the future are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “feels,” “expects,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “strives,” “plans,” “intends,” “outlook,” “forecast,” “position,” “target,” “mission,” “assume,” “achievable,” “potential,” “strategy,” “goal,” “aspiration,” “outcome,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “trend,” “objective,” and variations of such words and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “can,” “may” or similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

We caution that forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statement is made, and we do not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect facts, circumstances, assumptions or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.

In addition to factors mentioned elsewhere in this Report or previously disclosed in our SEC reports (accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or on our website at www.assetacceptance.com), the factors contained below, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements, and future results could differ materially from historical performance.

Instability in the financial markets and a prolonged economic recession may affect our access to capital and our ability to purchase and collect receivables. High unemployment rates may negatively affect our collections of charged-off consumer receivables.

Our success depends on our continued ability to purchase and collect charged-off consumer receivables. The unemployment rate in the United States is the highest it has been since the 1980’s. In addition, the residential real estate market in the United States has experienced a significant downturn due to declining real estate values, precipitating credit market dislocations and a significant contraction in available liquidity. Individual consumers are experiencing high delinquency rates on various consumer loans and defaults on indebtedness of all kinds have increased compared to historical levels. We have been experiencing the impact of these economic factors on our collections. Continued depression or further declines in real estate values, continued high levels of unemployment and continuing credit and liquidity concerns could further reduce our ability to collect on our purchased consumer receivable portfolios and would adversely affect their value. In addition, continued or further credit market dislocations or sustained market downturns may reduce the ability of lenders to originate new credit, limiting our ability to purchase consumer receivable portfolios in the future. Financial pressure on the distressed consumer may lead to regulatory restrictions on our collections and increased litigation filed against us. We may be unable to predict the likely duration or severity of the adverse economic conditions and the effects they may have on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our access to capital through our credit agreement is critical to our ability to continue to grow. If our available credit is materially reduced or the credit agreement is terminated and we are unable to replace it on favorable terms or at all, our ability to purchase charged-off receivables and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We believe that access to capital through our credit agreement has been critical to our ability to maintain our operations. We have a $100.0 million revolving line of credit that expires June 5, 2012 and a $150.0 million term loan facility that matures on June 5, 2013. If our available credit is materially reduced or the credit agreement is terminated as a result of noncompliance with a covenant or other event of default and if we are unable to replace it on relatively favorable terms or at all, our ability to purchase charged-off receivables to generate revenue and cash flow and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

 

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All of our receivable portfolios are pledged to secure amounts owed to our lenders under our credit agreement. In addition, our credit agreement imposes a number of restrictive covenants on how we operate our business. These include financial covenants. As of December 31, 2009, we had the ability to borrow approximately an additional $25.9 million under the most restrictive of these financial covenants. Our ability to meet these financial covenants is predicated on our ability to continue to generate revenues and other financial results at levels sufficient to satisfy the requirements of our credit agreement. Failure to satisfy any one of these covenants could result in all or any of the following consequences, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct business:

 

   

acceleration of outstanding indebtedness;

 

   

our inability to continue to purchase charged-off receivables needed to operate our business; or

 

   

our inability to secure alternative financing on favorable terms, if at all.

In addition, our credit agreement contains limitations and restrictions as to our ability to seek additional credit from other lenders, and requires that a portion of proceeds from issuance of our stock be used to pay down our term loan facility.

Negative attention and news regarding the debt collection industry and individual debt collectors may have a negative impact on a debtor’s willingness to pay the debt we acquire.

The following factors may cause consumers to be more reluctant to pay their debts or to pursue legal actions against us:

 

   

Annually the Federal Trade Commission submits a report to Congress, which summarizes the complaints it has received regarding debt collection practices. The report contains the total number of complaints filed, the percentage of increases or decreases from the previous year in addition to an outline of key types of complaints.

 

   

Print and television media, from time to time, may publish stories about the debt collection industry which may cite specific examples of abusive collection practices. These stories are also published on websites, which can lead to the rapid dissemination of the story adding to the level of exposure to negative publicity about us or the industry.

 

   

The Internet has websites where consumers list their concerns about the activities of debt collectors and seek guidance from other website posters on how to handle various situations.

 

   

Advertisements by “anti-collections” attorneys and credit counseling centers are becoming more common and add to the negative attention given to our industry.

As a result of this negative publicity, debtors may be more reluctant to pay their debts or could pursue legal action against us regardless of whether those actions are warranted. These actions could impact our ability to collect on the receivables we acquire and impact our ability to operate profitably.

Our ability to recover on our charged-off consumer receivables may be limited under federal, state and local laws.

Federal and state consumer protection, privacy and related laws and regulations extensively regulate the relationship between debt collectors and debtors. Federal and state laws may limit our ability to recover on our charged-off consumer receivables regardless of any act or omission on our part. Some laws and regulations applicable to credit card issuers may preclude us from collecting on charged-off consumer receivables we purchase if the credit card issuer previously failed to comply with applicable law in generating or servicing those receivables. Additional consumer protection and privacy protection laws may be enacted that would impose additional or more stringent requirements on the enforcement of and collection on consumer receivables.

 

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New federal, state or local laws or regulations, or changes in the ways these rules or laws are interpreted or enforced, could limit our activities in the future or significantly increase the cost of regulatory compliance. Any new laws, rules or regulations that may be adopted, as well as existing consumer protection and privacy protection laws, may adversely affect our ability to collect on our charged-off consumer receivable portfolios and may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, federal and state governmental bodies are considering, and may consider in the future, other legislative proposals that would regulate the collection of consumer receivables. The Federal Trade Commission has proposed amendments to the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act that, if enacted, may adversely affect our business and results of operations. Although we cannot predict if or how any future legislation would impact our business, our failure to comply with any current or future laws or regulations applicable to us could limit our ability to collect on our charged-off consumer receivable portfolios, which could reduce our profitability and harm our business.

In addition to the possibility of new laws being enacted, it is possible that regulators and litigants may attempt to extend debtors’ rights beyond the current interpretations placed on existing statutes. These attempts could cause us to (i) expend significant financial and human resources in either litigating these new interpretations or (ii) alter our existing methods of conducting business to comply with these interpretations, either of which could reduce our profitability and harm our business.

Failure to comply with government regulation could result in the suspension or termination of our ability to conduct business and the imposition of financial penalties.

The collections industry is regulated under various federal and state laws and regulations. Many states and several cities require that we be licensed as a debt collection company. The Federal Trade Commission, state Attorneys General and other regulatory bodies have the ability to investigate consumer complaints against debt collection companies and to recommend enforcement actions and seek monetary penalties. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, it could result in significant penalties or the suspension or termination of our ability to conduct collection operations, which could materially adversely affect us.

A significant portion of our collections relies upon our success in individual lawsuits brought against consumers and our ability to collect on judgments in our favor.

We generate a significant portion of our revenue by collecting on judgments that are granted by courts in lawsuits filed against debtors. A decrease in the willingness of courts to grant such judgments, a change in the requirements for filing such cases or obtaining such judgments, or a decrease in our ability to collect on such judgments could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations. As we increase our use of the legal channel for collections, our short-term margins may decrease as a result of an increase in upfront court costs and costs related to counter claims. We may not be able to collect on certain aged accounts because of applicable statues of limitations and we may be subject to adverse effects of regulatory changes that we cannot predict.

We are subject to ongoing risks of litigation, including individual and class actions under consumer credit, collections, and other laws.

We operate in an extremely litigious industry and currently are, and may in the future, be named as defendants in litigation, including individual and class actions under consumer credit, collections, and other laws.

Our operations could suffer from telecommunications or technology downtime or from not responding to changes in technology. We are converting our legacy debt collection platform to a different software system. A failure to convert our debt collection platform successfully could materially impair our ability to conduct our business.

Our success depends in large part on sophisticated telecommunications and computer systems. The temporary or permanent loss of our computer and telecommunications equipment and software systems, through

 

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casualty or operating malfunction (including outside influences such as computer viruses), could disrupt our operations. In the normal course of our business, we must record and process significant amounts of data quickly and accurately. Any failure of our information systems or software and their backup systems would interrupt our operations and harm our business. In addition, we rely significantly on various outside vendors for the software used in operating our current collections platform. Our business operations would be disrupted and our results of operations may be harmed if they were to cease operations or significantly reduce their support to us. We endeavor to deploy state-of-the-art technology across our infrastructure and, as warranted, will upgrade that technology over time.

We are in the process of converting our legacy debt collection platform to a different software system, supported by a different third party vendor. Failure to execute successfully the conversion to and implementation of that new debt collection platform will exacerbate the risks identified above and could materially impair our ability to collect our receivables and otherwise conduct our business. During times of transition, risk exists in decommissioning existing applications and hardware and the implementation of new applications and hardware. Failure to accurately identify and mitigate that risk could have a significant impact on our operational capabilities.

We are subject to examinations and challenges by tax authorities.

Our industry is relatively new and unique and, as a result, there is not a set of well defined laws, regulations or case law for us to follow that match our particular facts and circumstances for some tax positions. Therefore, certain tax positions we take are based on industry practice, tax advice and drawing similarities of our facts and circumstances to those in case law relating to other industries. These tax positions may relate to tax compliance, sales and use, franchise, gross receipts, payroll, property and income tax issues, including tax base and apportionment. Challenges made by tax authorities to our application of tax rules may result in adjustments to the timing or amount of taxable income or deductions or the allocation of income among tax jurisdictions, as well as, inconsistent positions between different jurisdictions on similar matters. If any such challenges are made and are not resolved in our favor, they could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and result of operations.

We are dependent on our management team for the adoption and implementation of our strategies and the loss of their services could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our future success depends on the continued ability to recruit, hire, retain and motivate highly skilled management. The continued growth and success of our business is particularly dependent upon the continued services of our executive officers, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Acquisitions Officer, each of whom is integral to the development of our business. Our performance also depends on our ability to retain and motivate our other executives. The loss of the services of one or more of our executive officers or other key associates could disrupt our operations and impair our ability to continue to acquire or collect on portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables and to manage and expand our business. We have employment agreements with each of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Acquisitions Officer and Chief Financial Officer. However, these agreements do not and will not assure the continued services of these officers. On January 8, 2010, our Chief Financial Officer provided notice of resignation and has agreed to continue in his role as an officer and associate while we work towards identifying and retaining a successor. We do not maintain key person life insurance policies for our executive officers or key associates.

If we are not able to purchase charged-off consumer receivables at appropriate prices or in sufficient amounts, the resulting decrease in our inventory of purchased portfolios of receivables could adversely affect our ability to generate cash collections and income.

If we are unable to purchase charged-off consumer receivables from credit originators in sufficient face value amounts at appropriate prices, our business may be harmed. The availability of portfolios of consumer

 

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receivables at prices which generate an appropriate return on our investment depends on a number of factors, both within and outside of our control, including:

 

   

our ability to borrow to fund purchases;

 

   

the absence of significant contraction in the levels of credit being extended by credit originators;

 

   

the absence of significant contraction in the levels of consumer obligations;

 

   

charge-off rates;

 

   

continued growth in the number of industries selling charged-off consumer receivable portfolios;

 

   

continued sales of charged-off consumer receivable portfolios by credit originators;

 

   

competitive factors affecting potential purchasers and credit originators of charged-off receivables, including the number of firms engaged in the collection business and the capitalization of those firms, as well as new entrants seeking returns, that may cause an increase in the price we are willing to pay for portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables or cause us to overpay for portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables.

In addition, we believe that credit originators and debt sellers are utilizing more sophisticated collection methodologies that result in lower quality portfolios available for purchase, which may render the portfolios available for sale less collectible.

Because of the length of time involved in collecting charged-off consumer receivables on acquired portfolios and the volatility in the timing of our collections, we may not be able to identify trends and make changes in our purchasing or collection strategies in a timely manner.

We generally account for purchased receivable revenues using the interest method of accounting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which requires making reasonable estimates of the timing and amount of future cash collections. If the timing is delayed or the actual amount recovered by us is materially different from our estimates, it could cause us to recognize impairments and negatively impact our earnings.

The estimates used in the interest method (“Interest Method”) to calculate the projected internal rate of return (“IRR”) on our portfolios are primarily based on historical cash collections and payer dynamics. If actual future cash collections are materially different in amount or timing than the remaining collections estimate, earnings could be affected, either positively or negatively. Higher collection amounts or cash collections that occur sooner than projected will have a favorable impact on reversal of impairments or an increase in yields and revenues. Higher than projected collections could also have a short term impact of increased amortization, which results in lower net income. Lower collection amounts or cash collections that occur later than projected will have an unfavorable impact and result in an impairment of the purchased receivable balance. Impairments may cause reduced earnings or volatility in earnings which could have the effect of depressing the price per share of our common stock and reducing our Consolidated Tangible Net Worth and put pressure on the financial covenants in our Credit Facilities. Refer to “Critical Accounting Policies—Revenue Recognition” on page 50 for further information regarding the Interest Method and estimates.

We may not be able to collect sufficient amounts on our charged-off consumer receivables, which would adversely affect our results of operations, our ability to satisfy debt obligations, our purchase of new portfolios and our future growth.

Our business consists of acquiring and collecting receivables that consumers have failed to pay and that the credit originator has deemed uncollectible and has charged-off. The credit originators or other debt sellers generally have attempted to recover on their charged-off consumer receivables before we purchase such

 

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receivables, often using a combination of in-house recovery and third party collection efforts. Since there generally have been multiple efforts to collect on these portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables before we attempt to collect on them (three or more efforts on more than 50% of the face value of our portfolios), our attempts to collect on these portfolios may not be successful. Therefore, we may not collect a sufficient amount to cover our investment associated with purchasing the charged-off consumer receivable portfolios and the costs of running our business, which would adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, if cash flows from operations are less than anticipated, our ability to satisfy our debt obligations, purchase new portfolios and our future growth and profitability may be materially and adversely affected.

There can be no assurance that our success in generating collections in the past will be indicative of our ability to be successful in generating collections in the future.

We are highly dependent on revenues generated from our purchased receivable collection activities. Entry into new markets or other attempts to diversify our business model may not be successful.

Substantially all our operating revenues are generated from collections on charged-off purchased receivables. Although we use multiple collection approaches, changing economic factors or collection laws, for example, may impact our ability to collect regardless of the collection approach we pursue. Although, management may seek opportunities to diversify, we may not be successful.

We experience high turnover rates for our account representatives. We may not be able to hire and retain enough sufficiently trained account representatives to support our operations.

Our ability to collect on new and existing portfolios and to acquire new portfolios is substantially dependent on our ability to hire and retain qualified associates. The consumer accounts receivables management industry is labor intensive and, similar to other companies in our industry, we experience a high rate of associate turnover. For 2009, our annual turnover rate was 45.4% and our collection department associate turnover rate was 60.6%. Based on our experience, account representatives who have been with us for more than one year are generally more productive than account representatives who have been with us for less than one year. In 2009, our turnover rate for all associates employed by us for at least one year was 29.4% and 38.5% for collection department associates. We compete for qualified associates with companies in our industry and in other industries. Our operations require that we continually hire, train and, in particular, retain account representatives. In addition, we believe the level of training we provide to our associates makes them attractive to other collection companies, which may attempt to recruit them. A higher turnover rate among our account representatives will increase our recruiting and training costs, may require us to increase associate compensation levels and will limit the number of experienced collection associates available to service our charged-off consumer receivables. If this were to occur, we may not be able to service our charged-off consumer receivables effectively, which could reduce our ability to operate profitably.

Significant increases in interest rates could adversely impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Our credit agreement bears interest at 150 to 250 basis points over prime or 250 to 350 basis points over the London Inter Bank Offer Rate. Although a portion of our outstanding borrowings have a fixed rate of interest resulting from a swap agreement, a portion is not fixed. In addition, in the future, we may amend our credit agreement, which could significantly impact the rates of interest we pay. As a result of these factors, fluctuations in interest rates may adversely impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We face intense competition that could impair our ability achieve our goals.

The consumer debt collection industry is highly competitive and fragmented. We compete with a wide range of other purchasers of charged-off consumer receivables, third party collection agencies, other financial service companies and credit originators and other owners of debt that manage their own charged-off consumer

 

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receivables. Some of these companies may have substantially greater numbers of associates and financial resources and may experience lower account representative turnover rates than we do. Furthermore, some of our competitors may obtain alternative sources of financing, the proceeds from which may be used to fund expansion and to increase their number of charged-off portfolio purchases. Barriers to entry into the consumer debt collection industry are low. Companies with greater financial resources than we have may elect at a future date to enter the consumer debt collection business. Competitive pressures affect the availability and pricing of receivable portfolios as well as the availability and cost of qualified debt collection account representatives. In addition, some of our competitors have signed forward flow contracts under which consumer credit originators have agreed to transfer a steady flow of charged-off receivables to them in the future, which could restrict those credit originators from selling receivables to us.

We face bidding competition in our acquisition of charged-off consumer receivable portfolios. We believe successful bids generally are awarded based predominantly on price and to a lesser extent based on service and relationships with the debt sellers. Some of our current competitors, and possible new competitors, may have more effective pricing and collection models, greater adaptability to changing market needs and more established relationships in our industry than we have. Moreover, our competitors may elect to pay prices for portfolios that we determine are not reasonable and, in that event, our volume of portfolio purchases may be diminished. There can be no assurance that our existing or potential sources will continue to sell their charged-off consumer receivables at recent levels or at all, or that we will continue to offer competitive bids for charged-off consumer receivable portfolios. In addition, there continues to be a consolidation of issuers of credit cards, which have been a principal source of our receivable purchases. This consolidation has decreased the number of sellers in the market and, consequently, could over time, give the remaining sellers increasing market strength in the price and terms of the sale of charged-off credit card accounts and could cause us to accept lower returns on our investment in that paper than we have historically achieved.

If we are unable to develop and expand our business or adapt to changing market needs as well as our current or future competitors, we may experience reduced access to portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables in sufficient face-value amounts at appropriate prices. As a result, we may experience reduced profitability which, in turn, may impair our ability to achieve our goals.

Our strategy includes acquiring charged-off receivable portfolios in industries in which we may have little or no experience. If we do not successfully acquire and collect on these portfolios, revenue may decline and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We may acquire portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables in industries in which we have limited experience. Some of these industries may have specific regulatory restrictions with which we have no experience. Our limited experience in these industries may impair our ability to effectively and efficiently collect on these portfolios. Furthermore, we need to develop appropriate pricing models for these markets, and there is no assurance that we will do so effectively. When pricing charged-off consumer receivables for industries in which we have limited experience, we attempt to adjust our models for expected or known differences from our traditional models. However, our pricing models are primarily based on historical data for industries in which we do have experience. This may cause us to overpay for these portfolios, and consequently, our profitability may suffer as a result of these portfolio acquisitions.

Our operating results and cash collections may vary from quarter to quarter.

Our business depends on the ability to collect on our portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables. Collections within portfolios tend to be seasonally higher in the first and second quarters of the year, due to consumers’ receipt of tax refunds and other factors. Conversely, collections within portfolios tend to be lower in the third and fourth quarters of the year, due to consumers’ spending in connection with summer vacations, the holiday season and other factors. Operating expenses are seasonally higher during the first and second quarters of the year due to expenses necessary to process the increase in cash collections. However, revenue recognized is

 

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relatively level due to our application of the Interest Method for revenue recognition. In addition, our operating results may be affected to a lesser extent by the timing of purchases of portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables due to the initial costs associated with purchasing and integrating these receivables into our system. Consequently, income and margins may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

Our collections may decrease if bankruptcy filings increase or if bankruptcy laws change.

During times of economic recession, the amount of charged-off consumer receivables generally increases, which contributes to an increase in the number of personal bankruptcy filings. Under certain bankruptcy filings, a debtor’s assets are sold to repay creditors, but since the charged-off consumer receivables we are attempting to collect are generally unsecured or secured on a second or third priority basis, we often would not be able to collect on those receivables. Our collections may decline with an increase in bankruptcy filings or if the bankruptcy laws change in a manner adverse to our business, in which case, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our common stock trades at a relatively low average daily volume. Consequently, sales of our common stock by one or more of our larger shareholders could depress the price of our common stock.

The majority of our shares of common stock are held by relatively few shareholders. As of February 3, 2010, our directors, executive officers and beneficial owners of 5% or more of our common stock controlled approximately 76.2% in total of our outstanding shares. Our largest shareholder, AAC Quad-C Investors, LLC (“Quad-C”), which controls 35.7% of our common stock, and our third largest shareholder, Nathaniel F. Bradley IV, our chairman, who controls 12.2% of our common stock, have an agreement with the Company obligating it to register their shares with the SEC for sale. In May 2008, Quad-C exercised that right as to all of its shares and there is currently on file with the SEC an effective shelf registration statement permitting Quad-C to engage in a public sale of its shares. A sale of its shares of the Company’s common stock by Quad-C may have the effect of depressing the price per share of our common stock because of the relatively low trading volume in our shares.

The recognition of impairment charges on goodwill or other intangible assets would adversely impact our financial position and results of operations.

We are required to perform impairment tests on our goodwill and other intangible assets not subject to amortization annually or at any time when events occur which could affect the fair value of these assets. Our determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on a comparison of the asset’s fair value with its book value. Several factors are considered when calculating fair value, some of which involve significant management estimates. Significant and unanticipated changes in circumstances, such as adverse changes in business climate, declining expectations of cash flows or operating results, adverse actions by regulators, unanticipated competition, or changes in technology or markets, could require an impairment in a future period that could substantially affect our reported earnings and reduce our consolidated net worth and shareholders’ equity.

We have anti-takeover provisions, any of which may discourage takeover attempts and could reduce the market price of our common stock.

Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware law could have the effect of discouraging takeover attempts which certain shareholders might deem to be in their interest. For example, our board of directors is divided into three classes and each class is elected for a three-year term. This provision could make it more difficult for our shareholders to remove members of our board of directors and may also make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the acquisition would be beneficial to shareholders.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

We do not have any unresolved staff comments.

 

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Item 2. Properties

The following table provides information relating to our facilities:

 

Location

   Approximate
Square Footage
   Lease Expiration Date   

Use

Tempe, Arizona(1)

   24,960    May 31, 2015    Call center, with collections and legal collections

Deerfield Beach, Florida

   10,753    May 31, 2011    Call center, with collections

Riverview, Florida

   52,280    May 31, 2016    Call center, with collections and legal collections

Chicago, Illinois

   20,905    November 30, 2012    Call center, with collections and legal collections

Towson, Maryland

   1,200    July 31, 2010    Legal collections

Warren, Michigan

   200,000    May 31, 2016    Principal executive offices and call center, with collections and legal collections

Woodbury, New Jersey

   288    Month-to-Month    Legal collections

Brooklyn Heights, Ohio

   30,443    October 31, 2011    Call center, with collections and legal collections

San Antonio, Texas

   17,445    November 30, 2014    Call center, with collections and legal collections

Richmond, Virginia

   1,374    July 31, 2011    Legal collections

 

(1)

During 2009, we moved from our Phoenix, Arizona location to our Tempe, Arizona location because our Phoenix, Arizona lease expires on April 1, 2010.

We believe that our existing facilities are sufficient to meet our current needs and that suitable additional or alternative space will be available on a commercially reasonable basis.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in numerous legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. We regularly initiate collection lawsuits, using both our in-house attorneys and our network of third party law firms, against consumers and are occasionally countersued by them in such actions. Also, consumers initiate litigation against us, in which they allege that we have violated a federal or state law in the process of collecting on their account. It is not unusual for us to be named in a class action lawsuit relating to these allegations, with these lawsuits routinely settling for immaterial amounts. We do not believe that these ordinary course matters, individually or in the aggregate, are material to our business or financial condition. However, there can be no assurance that a class action lawsuit would not, if decided against us, have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition.

We are not a party to any material legal proceedings. However, we expect to continue to initiate collection lawsuits as a part of the ordinary course of our business (resulting occasionally in countersuits against us) and we may, from time to time, become a party to various other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.

 

Item 4. Reserved

There are no items to be disclosed under this section.

 

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Supplemental Item.    Executive Officers of the Company

The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers:

 

Name

   Age   

Position

Rion B. Needs

   47   

President and Chief Executive Officer

Deborah L. Everly

   37   

Senior Vice President and Chief Acquisitions Officer

Mark A. Redman

   48   

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer

Mark J. Cavin

   51   

Vice President-Collections

Deanna S. Hatmaker

   45   

Vice President-Human Resources

Edwin L. Herbert

   59   

Vice President-General Counsel and Secretary

Darin B. Herring

   41   

Vice President-Legal Collections and Business Transformation

Ambrish Sundaram

   44   

Vice President-Information Services

Rion B. Needs, President and Chief Executive Officer—Mr. Needs joined our Company in July 2007 as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. In January 2009, he was promoted to President and Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors appointed Mr. Needs to serve as a Director. Prior to joining us, Mr. Needs held various positions at American Express since 1985, most recently as Senior Vice President and General Manager of Purchasing Services. Mr. Needs’ prior positions at American Express also included Senior Vice President of Global Finance Operations and Business Transformation, and Senior Vice President and General Manager of Corporate Travel.

Deborah L. Everly, Senior Vice President and Chief Acquisitions Officer—Ms. Everly joined our Company in May 1995. Ms. Everly was named our Director of Marketing and Acquisitions and promoted to Assistant Vice President in 1997. In 1998, she was promoted to Vice President-Marketing and Acquisitions and in 2007 she was promoted to Senior Vice President and Chief Acquisitions Officer. Ms. Everly has been in the accounts receivable management industry since 1991.

Mark A. Redman, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer—Mr. Redman joined our Company in January 1998 as Vice President-Finance, Secretary and Treasurer. Mr. Redman was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer in May 2002 and promoted to Senior Vice President of Finance in February 2007. In February 2009, Mr. Redman was appointed as Assistant Secretary while maintaining his other titles. Prior to joining us, Mr. Redman worked in public accounting for 13 years, the last 11 years at BDO Seidman, LLP, Troy, Michigan, serving as a Partner in the firm from July 1996 to December 1997. Mr. Redman is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Michigan Association of Certified Public Accountants. Mr. Redman has announced his intention to resign and has agreed to continue in his role as an officer and associate while we identify a successor.

Mark J. Cavin, Vice President–Collections—Mr. Cavin joined our Company as Vice President-Collections in December 2009. Prior to joining us, Mr. Cavin was President of Collection Intelligence Inc, located in San Diego California during 2009. Mr. Cavin also served as Senior Director and Chief Operating Officer at Arrow Financial Services, where he was responsible for the internal and external servicing operations of the company from 2001 to 2009. Prior to joining Arrow Financial Services, Mr. Cavin was Senior Manager with Union Bank of California from 1990 to 2001. Mr. Cavin has over 31 years of experience in the collection industry.

Deanna S. Hatmaker, Vice President–Human Resources—Ms. Hatmaker joined our Company in January 2006 as Vice President-Human Resources. Ms. Hatmaker previously served as the Director and Human Resources Officer in the Michigan Administrative Information Services (“MAIS”) business unit at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan from 2003 to 2005. Prior to joining MAIS, Ms. Hatmaker also served as Vice President – Human Resources and as a member of the senior management committee with H&R Block Financial Advisors, Detroit, Michigan. Ms. Hatmaker has been in the financial services industry for over 20 years.

 

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Edwin L. Herbert, Vice President–General Counsel and Secretary—Mr. Herbert joined our Company in September 2006 as Vice President and General Counsel and was appointed Secretary during 2009. Mr. Herbert previously served as an equity partner at Shumaker, Loop & Kendrick, LLP, in Toledo, Ohio, where he practiced law as a member of the firm’s financial institutions practice group from 2004 to 2006. Prior to joining Shumaker, Loop & Kendrick, LLP, Mr. Herbert practiced law with Werner & Blank, LLC, from 1998 to 2004, and was a partner with that firm beginning in January 2000. Mr. Herbert was Executive Vice President and General Counsel of ValliCorp Holdings, Inc., Fresno, California from 1994 to 1997, and Executive Vice President and General Counsel of CFX Corporation, Keene, New Hampshire from 1997 to 1998. Mr. Herbert is a member of the American Bar Association, and a member of the California, Michigan and Ohio bars.

Darin B. Herring, Vice President–Legal Collections and Business Transformation—Mr. Herring joined our Company in April 2008 as Vice President-Legal. Prior to joining us, Mr. Herring held various positions at American Express since 1988, most recently as Vice President, Global Commercial Card & Services. Mr. Herring’s prior positions at American Express included Vice President and Regional Leader—Global Reengineering/Six Sigma, and Director—Global Reengineering/Six Sigma. His background in other business units at American Express included consumer card operations, finance operations and strategic enablement services.

Ambrish Sundaram, Vice President–Information Services—Mr. Sundaram joined our Company in October 2007 as Vice President–Information Services. Mr. Sundaram joined us from Comerica Bank where he held the position of Vice President—Information Services from 2002 to 2007. His responsibilities included strategic technology planning and information technology services for international affiliates. Mr. Sundaram has over 20 years of experience in information technology management.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock is quoted on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “AACC”. Public trading of our common stock commenced on February 5, 2004. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices for our common stock, as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market, for the periods indicated:

 

     2009    2008
   High    Low    High    Low

Fourth Quarter

   $ 7.51    $ 5.04    $ 11.60    $ 4.27

Third Quarter

     8.62      6.87      13.38      8.15

Second Quarter

     9.82      5.22      14.65      9.80

First Quarter

     6.46      3.19      10.84      7.31

On February 3, 2010, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Select Market was $5.54 per share. As of that date, there were 43 record holders of our common stock.

During the second quarter of 2007, our Board of Directors declared a special one-time cash dividend of $2.45 per share, or $74.9 million in aggregate, which was paid on July 31, 2007, to holders of record on July 19, 2007. We have not paid regular dividends on our common stock. Our Board of Directors will determine whether to pay any dividends in the future. This determination may depend on a variety of factors that our Board of Directors considers relevant, including our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements and business prospects. In addition, our credit agreement limits the aggregate amount of dividends and other distributions that we may pay to shareholders to $25,000,000 plus 50% of Consolidated Net Income, as defined in the credit agreement, for the period after June 30, 2007 through the end of the current fiscal quarter, provided that we are able to borrow at least $15,000,000 under the credit agreement before and after the payment.

Company’s Repurchases of Its Common Stock

The following table provides information about the Company’s common stock repurchases during the fourth quarter of 2009:

 

Period

   Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
   Average
Price
Paid per
Share
   Total Number of
Shares Purchased as Part
of Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
   Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs

October

      $      

November

             

December(1)

   8,676      5.74      
             

Total

   8,676    $ 5.74      
             

 

(1)

The shares were withheld for tax obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted share units. The shares were withheld at the fair market value on the vesting date of the restricted share units.

In addition, the information contained in the Equity Compensation table under “Item 12—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this report is incorporated herein by reference.

We did not sell any equity securities during 2009 that were not registered under the Securities Act.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following selected consolidated statements of financial position data as of December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and related selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years then ended have been derived from our consolidated financial statements, which have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP (2005-2007) and Grant Thornton, LLP (2008-2009), both independent registered public accounting firms. The data should be read in connection with the accompanying consolidated financial statements, related notes and other information included herein.

On April 28, 2006, the Company purchased 100% of the outstanding shares of PARC. As a result, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and all direct and indirect subsidiaries, including PARC since the date of acquisition.

On April 15, 2008, Rx Acquisitions, LLC was merged with and into Asset Acceptance, LLC, with the result that, by operation of law, all assets of Rx Acquisitions, LLC were vested in Asset Acceptance, LLC and all obligations of Rx Acquisitions, LLC were assumed by Asset Acceptance, LLC. Subsequent to the merger, all ownership interests in Asset Acceptance, LLC continued to be owned by Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC.

On August 31, 2009, a reorganization was completed that merged AAC Investors, Inc., RBR Holding Corp., and Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC (“Non-Operating Subsidiaries”) with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (“AACC”). All assets of the Non-Operating Subsidiaries vested in AACC and all obligations of the Non-Operating Subsidiaries were assumed by AACC. As a result of this reorganization, Asset Acceptance, LLC, Consumer Credit, LLC and PARC became direct wholly-owned subsidiaries of AACC. For more detailed information about our corporate history, the PARC acquisition and the Reorganization, see “Item 1. Business—History”.

 

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     Years Ended December 31,  
   2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
   (in thousands, except per share and dividend data)  

STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:

          

Revenues

          

Purchased receivable revenues, net

   $ 171,275      $ 232,901      $ 245,692      $ 251,693      $ 252,196   

Gain (loss) on sale of purchased receivables

     399        165        840        2,954        (26

Other revenues, net

     813        1,146        1,466        226        514   
                                        

Total revenues

     172,487        234,212        247,998        254,873        252,684   
                                        

Expenses

          

Salaries and benefits

     77,666        83,348        82,917        82,274        76,107   

Collections expense

     89,095        89,459        99,387        79,367        73,975   

Occupancy

     7,588        7,727        9,138        8,967        8,352   

Administrative

     8,694        10,511        10,529        8,376        8,582   

Restructuring charges

                   906                 

Depreciation and amortization

     4,107        3,955        4,275        4,179        3,339   

Impairment of assets

     1,168        616        267                 

Loss on disposal of equipment and other assets

     355        222        137        23        32   
                                        

Total operating expenses

     188,673        195,838        207,556        183,186        170,387   
                                        

(Loss) income from operations

     (16,186     38,374        40,442        71,687        82,297   

Other income (expense)

          

Interest expense

     (10,169     (13,024     (8,146     (646     (567

Interest income

     34        32        471        2,035        1,143   

Other

     130        22        151        (12     51   
                                        

(Loss) income before income taxes

     (26,191     25,404        32,918        73,064        82,924   

Income tax (benefit) expense

     (9,757     9,681        12,512        27,546        31,657   
                                        

Net (loss) income

   $ (16,434   $ 15,723      $ 20,406      $ 45,518      $ 51,267   
                                        

Net (loss) income per share basic

   $ (0.54   $ 0.51      $ 0.63      $ 1.24      $ 1.38   

Net (loss) income per share diluted

   $ (0.54   $ 0.51      $ 0.63      $ 1.24      $ 1.38   

Weighted-average shares basic

     30,634        30,566        32,517        36,589        37,225   

Weighted-average shares diluted

     30,634        30,592        32,604        36,621        37,270   

Dividends per common share

   $      $      $ 2.45      $      $   
     December 31,  
   2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
   (in thousands)  

FINANCIAL POSITION DATA:

          

Cash

   $ 4,935      $ 6,043      $ 10,474      $ 11,307      $ 50,519   

Purchased receivables, net

     319,772        361,809        346,199        300,841        248,991   

Total assets

     366,416        408,171        395,409        350,583        323,942   

Deferred tax liability, net

     57,525        64,470        60,165        60,632        58,584   

Total debt, including capital lease obligations

     160,301        181,550        191,268        17,080        187   

Total stockholders’ equity

     123,097        136,628        122,419        256,178        249,460   

 

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Table of Contents
     Years Ended December 31,  
   2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
   (in thousands, except percentages)  

OPERATING AND OTHER FINANCIAL DATA:

          

Cash collections

   $ 334,031      $ 369,578      $ 371,178      $ 340,870      $ 319,910   

Operating expenses to cash collections

     56.5     53.0     55.9     53.7     53.3

Acquisitions of purchased receivables at cost(1)

   $ 121,887      $ 154,173      $ 169,434      $ 142,243 (2)    $ 100,749   

Acquisitions of purchased receivables at face value

   $ 4,459,775      $ 3,806,858      $ 5,199,993      $ 5,622,602 (2)    $ 4,096,812   

Acquisitions of purchased receivables cost as a percentage of face value

     2.73     4.05     3.26     2.53 %(2)      2.46

 

(1)

Amount of purchased receivables at cost refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire a portfolio less the purchase price refunded by a seller due to the return of non-compliant accounts (also defined as buybacks) less the purchase price for accounts that were sold at the time of purchase to another debt purchaser.

 

(2)

Includes portfolios from the acquisition of PARC on April 28, 2006 with a face value of $1.1 billion that were allocated a purchase price value of $8.3 million.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed here. Factors that could cause or contribute to the differences include those discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors”, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report. The references in this Annual Report to the U.S. Federal Reserve Board are to the Federal Reserve Statistical Release, dated February 5, 2010 and the Federal Reserve Consumer Credit Historical Data website (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/hist/) or the Federal Reserve Charge-Off and Delinquency Rates on Loans and Leases at Commercial Banks website (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/chargeoff/).

Company Overview

We have been purchasing and collecting charged-off accounts receivable portfolios from consumer credit originators since the formation of our predecessor company in 1962. Charged-off receivables are the unpaid obligations of individuals to credit originators, such as credit card issuers including private label card issuers, consumer finance companies, healthcare providers, telecommunications and utility providers. Since these receivables are delinquent or past due, we purchase them at a substantial discount. Over the last ten years, we purchased 1,090 consumer debt portfolios, with an original charged-off face value of $40.4 billion for an aggregate purchase price of $998.0 million, or 2.47% of face value, net of buybacks. We purchase and collect charged-off consumer receivable portfolios for our own account as we believe this affords us the best opportunity to use long-term strategies to maximize our profits.

Macro-economic factors over the past year have influenced us both positively and negatively. Macro-economic factors such as reduced availability of credit for consumers, falling residential real estate values, elevated unemployment rates, low consumer confidence and other factors have had a negative impact on us by making it more difficult to collect from consumers on the charged-off accounts receivable portfolios (“paper”) we have acquired. Conversely, as a result of these negative macro-economic factors, the supply of available paper has increased while prices we pay for that paper have declined.

Total cash collections during 2009 did not meet our expectations, particularly on our older vintages of paper and were below cash collections in 2007 and 2008. We believe the decline in cash collections was caused by negative macro-economic factors and amplified by our strategy to decrease purchasing in the first half of 2009 to save resources and build capacity to purchase paper in the second half of the year. We reduced purchasing in the first half of 2009 in anticipation of increased supply and therefore lower prices in the second half of the year which we expected to generate better returns than if we had invested the same amounts earlier. However, by following this strategy, we generated lower cash collections on 2009 investments in purchased receivables than if we had invested more in paper earlier in the year. The economy is not expected to dramatically improve in the near term; as a result we expect the collections environment to continue to be difficult in 2010.

We generally account for our revenues on our purchased receivables by using the interest method of accounting (“Interest Method”) in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which requires us to make reasonable estimates of the timing and amount of future cash collections. We use the cost recovery method when collections on a particular portfolio cannot be reasonably predicted. The estimates used in the Interest Method to calculate the projected internal rate of return (“IRR”) on our portfolios are primarily based on historical cash collections and payer dynamics. We recognized a significant loss in the fourth quarter and for the full year 2009. The loss resulted primarily from the recognition of significant impairments on our purchased receivables. Impairments are generated when yields assigned to portfolios under the Interest Method of accounting are too high in relation to the timing and/or amount of current or estimated future collections. The difficult macro-economic environment has resulted in reduced cash collections particularly on the 2006 and older

 

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vintages of paper, relative to our collection forecasts used for revenue recognition purposes. Collection expectations on these older vintages were set and sometimes increased while operating in a better economic environment. In the fourth quarter of 2009, in connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2009, we observed a significant difference between our estimated and actual cash collections, which caused us to perform a more in-depth review of our portfolios and their expected future performance. Since we expect continued pressure on cash collections relative to expectations given the challenging macro-economic environment and the age of this paper, we discounted our expectation of future cash collections on the 2004-2007 vintages of paper by $101.2 million and recognized significant impairments to the carrying value as a result of this change in estimate. The discounted collections forecast, along with other impairments, resulted in the recognition of net impairments of $32.4 million and $49.5 million during the fourth quarter and full year of 2009, respectively.

We amended our credit agreement during the fourth quarter of 2009. The amendment included an increase in average interest rates and adjustments to the financial covenants, which we expected to provide additional borrowing capacity compared to the previous terms of the agreement. However, with the significant net loss recognized in the fourth quarter and for the full year of 2009 we will have limited borrowing capacity under the adjusted financial covenants. We believe however, that we have sufficient capacity in our credit agreement when combined with anticipated cash flows from operations to fund investments in purchased receivables at or above historical levels. Net losses in future periods however, could further limit our ability to borrow against the revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2009, the most restrictive financial covenant is the Ratio of Consolidated Total Liabilities to Consolidated Tangible Net Worth, as defined, which restricts additional borrowings on the revolving credit facility to approximately an additional $25.9 million.

Our results are influenced by certain industry and economic trends, including:

 

   

Levels of consumer debt obligations—According to the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, the amount of outstanding revolving and non-revolving consumer credit was $2.5 trillion in December 2009. High levels of consumer debt obligations could indicate an increase in future charges-offs and increased supply of paper for us. Although, tightening credit standards or other factors in the future may result in lower consumer credit outstanding.

 

   

Charge-off rates—According to the U.S. Federal Reserve Board for the third quarter of 2009, the charge-off rate, the rate at which accounts are charged-off measured as a percentage of total debt outstanding, has increased each quarter during 2009, indicating that the favorable supply environment for debt purchasers is likely to continue.

 

   

Supply and pricing environment for purchased receivables—The supply of purchased receivables is influenced by the levels of consumer debt obligations and charge-off rates. Prices for charged-off receivables have generally been decreasing since mid-2007.

 

   

Impact of macro-economic factors—Macro-economic factors affect consumer’s ability to satisfy outstanding debt. The residential real estate market in the United States began to experience a significant downturn in the second half of 2007 and real estate values generally remained depressed during 2009. The unemployment rate and the number of individual bankruptcy filings remained elevated during 2009, leaving individual consumers with less resources available to satisfy their debt and resulting in a more challenging collection environment.

 

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected statement of operations data expressed as a percentage of total revenues and as a percentage of cash collections for the periods indicated:

 

     Percent of Total Revenues     Percent of Cash Collections  
   Years Ended December 31,     Years Ended December 31,  
     2009         2008         2007         2009         2008         2007    

Revenues

            

Purchased receivable revenues

   99.3   99.4   99.1   51.3   63.0   66.2

Gain on sale of purchased receivables

   0.2      0.1      0.3      0.1      0.1      0.2   

Other revenues

   0.5      0.5      0.6      0.2      0.3      0.4   
                                    

Total revenues

   100.0      100.0      100.0      51.6      63.4      66.8   
                                    

Expenses

            

Salaries and benefits

   45.0      35.6      33.4      23.3      22.5      22.3   

Collections expense

   51.7      38.2      40.1      26.7      24.2      26.8   

Occupancy

   4.4      3.3      3.7      2.3      2.1      2.5   

Administrative

   5.0      4.5      4.2      2.6      2.8      2.8   

Restructuring charges

   0.0      0.0      0.4      0.0      0.0      0.2   

Depreciation and amortization

   2.4      1.7      1.7      1.2      1.1      1.2   

Impairment of assets

   0.7      0.3      0.1      0.3      0.2      0.1   

Loss on disposal of equipment and other assets

   0.2      0.1      0.1      0.1      0.1      0.0   
                                    

Total operating expense

   109.4      83.7      83.7      56.5      53.0      55.9   
                                    

(Loss) income from operations

   (9.4   16.3      16.3      (4.9   10.4      10.9   

Other income (expense)

            

Interest expense

   (5.9   (5.6   (3.3   (3.0   (3.5   (2.2

Interest income

   0.0      0.0      0.2      0.0      0.0      0.1   

Other

   0.1      0.1      0.1      0.0      0.0      0.1   
                                    

(Loss) income before income taxes

   (15.2   10.8      13.3      (7.9   6.9      8.9   

Income tax (benefit) expense

   (5.7   4.1      5.1      (3.0   2.6      3.4   
                                    

Net (loss) income

   (9.5 )%    6.7   8.2   (4.9 )%    4.3   5.5
                                    

Year Ended December 31, 2009 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2008

Revenue

We generate substantially all of our revenue from our main line of business, the purchase and collection of charged-off consumer receivables. We refer to revenue generated from this line of business as purchased receivable revenues. Purchased receivable revenues is the difference between cash collections and amortization (of purchased receivables).

The following table summarizes our purchased receivable revenues including cash collections and amortization:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2009    2008    Change     Percentage
Change
      2009         2008    

Cash collections

   $ 334.0    $ 369.6    $ (35.6   (9.6 )%    100.0   100.0

Purchased receivable amortization

     162.7      136.7      26.0      19.1      48.7      37.0   

Purchased receivable revenues

     171.3      232.9      (61.6   (26.5   51.3      63.0   

 

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The decrease in purchased receivable revenues is the result of lower cash collections and higher amortization, including net impairments, in 2009 compared to 2008.

We believe that the lower cash collections is primarily a result of macro-economic factors affecting consumers’ liquidity and their ability to repay their obligations. Macro-economic factors reducing consumers’ ability to pay include the unemployment rate, which increased from 7.4% at December 2008 to 10.0% at December 2009, falling residential real estate values and a tighter credit environment for consumers, among other factors. In addition, we reduced purchasing in the first half of 2009 in anticipation of increased supply and therefore lower prices in the second half of the year. We purchased over 65% of our receivables during 2009 in the second half of the year, including 35% of our total purchases in the fourth quarter alone. By following this strategy, we generated lower cash collections on 2009 investments in purchased receivables than if we had invested more in paper earlier in the year. Cash collections for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 include collections from fully amortized portfolios of $63.2 million and $78.6 million, respectively, of which 100% were reported as revenue. In addition, our portfolios become more difficult to collect as they age, and we expect that performance on our older vintages, particularly 2006 and earlier, will not recover from the current economic downturn. We expect the macro-economic environment to continue to negatively affect collections during 2010.

The increase in amortization of purchased receivables in 2009 compared to 2008 is primarily the result of a $36.5 million increase in net impairments, partially offset by lower amortization of purchased receivables balances caused by lower collections. Recently, we have experienced shortfalls in our actual cash collections versus our expectations, most notably on purchases made before 2007. We believe collections on these older vintages have been impacted to a greater extent by the challenging collections environment and because the accounts are older and the collection methods that we use often become less effective as accounts age. We continually review a number of factors related to our forecast of cash collections. In the fourth quarter of 2009, in connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2009, we observed a significant difference between our estimated and actual cash collections, which caused us to perform a more in-depth review of our portfolios and their expected future performance. Based on our review, we now expect these older vintages to continue to underperform our previous collections forecasts. This reduction in future expectations of cash collections on the 2004-2007 vintages resulted in an impairment of $32.4 million during the fourth quarter of 2009. Total net impairments recognized in 2009 were $49.5 million compared to $13.0 million for 2008.

We believe that the discount we applied to the estimated remaining collections on the 2004-2007 vintages, should reduce the magnitude of impairments resulting from the economic downturn recognized on those vintages in the future. The 2008 and later paper is not experiencing the same magnitude decline in collections as compared to expectations, generally because the initial expectations for these purchases were set at lower levels commensurate with the economic downturn in existence at the time of those purchases. We expect to continue to set more conservative initial expectations on purchases in the near future as we recover from the economic downturn.

Purchased receivable revenues fluctuate based on changes in the balance of purchased receivables, the IRR applied to each portfolio and the amount of net impairments recognized. Impairments are generated when current yields assigned to portfolios are too high in relation to the timing and/or amount of current or future collections. When cash collections decline a larger portion of collections is allocated to revenue and less is allocated to amortization of portfolio balances. Portfolio balances that amortize too slowly in relation to current or expected collections lead to impairments, which increase the amount of amortization and offset revenue.

The amortization rate of 48.7% for 2009 increased 11.7 percentage points from the amortization rate of 37.0% for 2008. We are experiencing lower collection rates relative to purchase price than we have historically for all vintage years. The economic downturn has lowered the amounts that we collect on our investments in purchased receivables, and combined with higher prices on the older vintages due to increased competition during the 2005-2007 timeframe, is causing an increase in total amortization as a percentage of cash collection.

 

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Refer to “Supplemental Performance Data” on Page 41 for a summary of purchased receivable revenues and amortization rates by year of purchase.

Revenues on portfolios purchased from our top three sellers during vintage years 1997 through 2009 were $55.2 million and $62.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, with one of the three sellers included in the top three in both twelve month periods.

Investments in Purchased Receivables

We generate revenue from our investments in portfolios of charged-off consumer accounts receivable. Ongoing investments in purchased receivables are critical to continued generation of revenues. From period to period, we may buy charged-off receivables of varying age, types and demographics. As a result, the cost of our purchases, as a percent of face value, may fluctuate from one period to the next. Total purchases consisted of the following:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  

(in millions, net of buybacks)

   2009     2008     Change     Percent  

Acquisitions of purchased receivables at cost

   $ 121.9      $ 154.2      $ (32.3   (20.9 )% 

Acquisitions of purchased receivables at face value

   $ 4,459.8      $ 3,806.9      $ 652.9      17.2

Percentage of face value

     2.73     4.05    

Our investment in purchased receivables declined in 2009 versus 2008 because of our strategy to defer purchasing into the latter part of the year with the expectation that pricing would continue to improve and that our investments would generate better returns if we purchased at lower price points by waiting. Additionally, we were cautious in our investments because borrowing under our credit facility to fund investments in purchased receivables was potentially limited by our then existing financial covenants that had scheduled step downs during 2009. We considered amending the credit facility to create additional capacity to purchase in late 2008 and the first half of 2009, but the credit markets were under substantial disruption which made it difficult to justify amending the credit facility given the anticipated additional cost, both up front and ongoing. During the fourth quarter of 2009, the credit markets were more stable allowing us to amend the credit facility under more favorable terms than if we had amended it before then. The amendment increased the interest rates we pay and adjusted the financial covenants.

Investments under Forward Flow Contracts

Forward flow contracts commit a debt seller to sell a steady flow of charged-off receivables to us, and commit us to purchase receivables for a fixed percentage of the face value. Forward flow contracts may be attractive to us because they provide operational advantages from the consistent amount and type of accounts acquired. Forward flow purchases consisted of the following:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  

(in millions, net of buybacks)

   2009     2008     Change     Percent  

Forward flow purchases, at cost

   $ 60.1      $ 90.0      $ (29.9   (33.2 )% 

Forward flow purchases, at face value

   $ 1,848.0      $ 1,654.2      $ 193.8      11.7

Percentage of face value

     3.25     5.44    

Percentage of forward flow purchases, at cost of total purchasing

     49.3     58.4    

Percentage of forward flow purchases, at face value of total purchasing

     41.4     43.4    

Investments in forward flow contracts declined in 2009 from 2008 in substantially the same proportion as our total purchases declined for the same period. Because we expected pricing to decline during 2009, we were selective in entering into forward flow commitments during the early part of the year so that we weren’t locked into above market pricing later in the year. Additionally, since some forward flow contracts are of a twelve-

 

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month duration and we did not commit early in the year, we lost the opportunity to invest in these contracts during the latter part of 2009. Purchases from forward flows in 2009 included 80 portfolios from 12 forward flow contracts. Purchases from forward flows in 2008 included 124 portfolios from 14 forward flow contracts.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses are traditionally measured in relation to revenues. However, we measure operating expenses in relation to cash collections. We believe this is appropriate because amortization rates, the difference between cash collections and revenues recognized, vary from year to year. Amortization rates vary due to seasonality of collections, impairments and other factors and can distort the analysis of operating expenses when measured against revenues. Additionally, we believe that the majority of our operating expenses are variable in relation to cash collections.

The following table summarizes the significant components of our operating expenses:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2009    2008    Change     Percentage
Change
      2009         2008    

Salaries and benefits

   $ 77.7    $ 83.3    $ (5.6   (6.8 )%    23.3   22.5

Collections expense

     89.1      89.5      (0.4   (0.4   26.7      24.2   

Occupancy

     7.6      7.7      (0.1   (1.8   2.3      2.1   

Administrative

     8.7      10.5      (1.8   (17.3   2.6      2.8   

Other

     5.6      4.8      0.8      17.5      1.6      1.4   
                                        

Total operating expenses

   $ 188.7    $ 195.8    $ (7.1   (3.7 )%    56.5   53.0
                                        

The majority of the decrease in operating expenses is a result of reductions in salaries and benefits, collections expense and administrative expenses. As we experienced year over year declines in cash collections, we reduced operating expenses to reflect the lower levels of cash collections. While the dollar amount of operating expenses declined, some categories of operating expenses increased as a percentage of cash collections because the decline in cash collections was greater than the decline in operating expenses. We did not reduce operating expenses proportionately to the decline in cash collections in anticipation of increased purchasing in the second half of 2009 and into 2010.

Salaries and Benefits. Salaries and benefits expense decreased because of lower variable incentive compensation and benefits driven by lower cash collections. The following table summarizes the significant components of our salaries and benefits expense:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2009    2008    Change     Percentage
Change
      2009         2008    

Compensation—revenue generating

   $ 47.3    $ 51.0    $ (3.7   (7.3 )%    14.2   13.8

Compensation—administrative

     15.4      16.0      (0.6   (4.2   4.6      4.3   

Benefits and other

     15.0      16.3      (1.3   (7.9   4.5      4.4   
                                        

Total salaries and benefits

   $ 77.7    $ 83.3    $ (5.6   (6.8 )%    23.3   22.5
                                        

The decrease in collections resulted in lower variable compensation expense for in-house account representatives. In addition, we reduced incentive compensation for management because of declining performance metrics and have suspended the Company matching component of our 401(k) plan. In June of 2009, we began an initiative to increase the number of in-house account representatives. By the end of the year, we increased those associates by approximately 20% from mid-second quarter levels. Variable compensation will have an impact on salaries and benefits expense in 2010, depending on the level of cash collections and achievement of incentive goals.

 

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Collections Expense. Overall, collections expense was relatively flat year over year. The following table summarizes the significant components of collections expense and the changes in each:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2009    2008    Change     Percentage
Change
      2009         2008    

Forwarding fees

   $ 37.5    $ 34.9    $ 2.6      7.4   11.2   9.5

Court and process server costs

     22.8      23.7      (0.9   (3.8   6.8      6.4   

Lettering campaign and telecommunications costs

     17.6      18.0      (0.4   (2.5   5.3      4.9   

Data provider costs

     5.8      6.8      (1.0   (15.4   1.7      1.8   

Other

     5.4      6.1      (0.7   (8.9   1.7      1.6   
                                        

Total collections expense

   $ 89.1    $ 89.5    $ (0.4   (0.4 )%    26.7   24.2
                                        

Forwarding fees include fees paid to third parties to collect on our behalf. These fees increased in 2009 compared to 2008 because of higher rates paid, partially offset by reduced cash collections generated by third parties. The percent of gross cash collections from such third party relationships were 32.9% and 30.9% for 2009 and 2008, respectively. Rates paid to forwarding agencies vary based on the age and type of paper that we outsource. Late in 2009, we began incurring costs related to our agency relationship with a firm in India, which we have engaged to collect on our behalf using our technology and collections model under a per seat fee arrangement. We expect fees paid under this relationship to increase in 2010 as the number of seats increases. Court costs and process server costs decreased year over year as we reduced the activity in these categories. In 2008, we entered into a third party relationship that has allowed us to better match legal costs with the associated collections. During 2008 and 2009, this relationship has resulted in lower court costs offset by higher forwarding fees based on cash collections. In the future, we expect to place fewer accounts with this third party. During 2009, we became more selective in our variable collection activities, such as telecommunications, lettering campaigns, and use of data provider services, resulting in reductions in the related expenses.

Occupancy. While occupancy expense remained consistent in 2009 compared to 2008, we continue to review our capacity to ensure we are utilizing all of our space effectively. In late 2008, we entered into a sublease agreement, which will expire in early 2010, for a portion of our now abandoned Phoenix facility. In addition, during 2009, we entered into two new lease agreements to replace our facilities in San Antonio and Phoenix (now located nearby in Tempe). The new lease agreements in San Antonio and Tempe are for less space than the prior agreements, which we expect to reduce occupancy expense in future periods.

Administrative. Administrative expenses decreased during 2009 in almost all areas, reflecting on our focus on cost control. We intend to continue to be diligent in controlling these costs even as collections return to pre-2009 levels.

Impairment of Assets. Impairment of our trademark and trade names intangible asset was $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. We performed an assessment of the fair value of the asset using a discounted cash flow methodology and determined that it was below the carrying value, primarily as a result of a decline in business activity related to the asset. During 2008, we decided to no longer service medical receivables on a contingent fee basis. As a result, we recognized a charge of $0.4 million to impair the net carrying balance of intangible assets for customer contracts and relationships associated with the contingent medical collection business. We also recognized an impairment charge of $0.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2008 to write-off an investment in a new software product after a decision to discontinue its implementation.

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, a decrease of $2.8 million compared to interest expense of $13.0 million for 2008. Interest expense was 3.0% of cash

 

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collections during 2009 compared with 3.5% for 2008. The decrease in interest expense was due to lower interest rates and decreased average borrowings during 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. Average borrowings were $153.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to $177.7 million for 2008. During the fourth quarter of 2009, we entered into an amendment to our credit agreement, which included an increase in average interest rates and changes to the financial covenants. As a result, interest expense will be higher in future periods than it would have been under the terms of the agreement prior to amendment. The increase in interest rates will have the effect of increasing interest expense by approximately $1.6 million in 2010, if our average borrowing levels remain consistent. Refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information.

Income Taxes. We recognized an income tax benefit of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to income tax expense of $9.7 million for the same period in 2008. The current year tax benefit reflects a federal tax rate of 34.2% and a state tax rate of 3.1% (net of federal tax effect). For the year ended December 31, 2008, the federal tax rate was 35.0% and state tax rate was 3.1% (net of federal tax effect). The 0.8 percentage point decrease in the federal tax rate was the effect of permanent book verses tax differences and the net effect of state taxes. The overall decrease in tax expense was primarily a result of the pre-tax loss of $26.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to pre-tax income of $25.4 million for the same period of 2008.

Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007

Revenue

We generate substantially all of our revenue from our main line of business, the purchase and collection of delinquent or charged-off consumer receivables. We refer to revenue generated from this line of business as purchased receivable revenues. Purchased receivable revenues is the difference between cash collections and amortization (of purchase receivables).

The following table summarizes our purchased receivable revenues including cash collections and amortization:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2008    2007    Change     Percentage
Change
        2008             2007      

Cash collections

   $ 369.6    $ 371.2    $ (1.6   (0.4 )%    100.0   100.0

Purchased receivable amortization

     136.7      125.5      11.2      8.9      37.0      33.8   

Purchased receivable revenues

     232.9      245.7      (12.8   (5.2   63.0      66.2   

Purchased receivable revenues reflect an amortization rate, or the difference between cash collections and revenue, of 37.0% for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of 3.2 percentage points, from the amortization rate of 33.8% for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increased amortization rate is primarily due to lower average internal rates of return assigned to recent years’ purchases as well as placing the first quarter of 2005 aggregate and all healthcare portfolios on the cost recovery method. Purchased receivable revenues reflect net impairments recognized during the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 of $13.0 million and $24.4 million, respectively. Cash collections for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 include collections from fully amortized portfolios of $78.6 million and $82.0 million, respectively, of which 100% were reported as revenue.

 

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Investments in Purchased Receivables

We generate revenue from our investments in portfolios of delinquent or charged-off consumer accounts receivable. Ongoing investments in purchased receivables are critical to continued generation of revenues. From period to period, we may buy charged-off receivables of varying age, types and demographics. As a result, the cost of our purchases, as a percent of face value, may fluctuate from one period to the next. Total purchases consisted of the following:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  

(in millions)

   2008     2007     Change     Percent  

Acquisitions of purchased receivables at cost

   $ 154.2      $ 169.4      $ (15.2   (9.0 )% 

Acquisitions of purchased receivables at face value

   $ 3,806.9      $ 5,200.0      $ (1,393.1   (26.8 )% 

Percentage of face value

     4.05     3.26    

Investments under Forward Flow Contracts

Forward flow contracts commit a debt seller to sell a steady flow of charged-off receivables to us, and commit us to purchase receivables for a fixed percentage of the face value. Forward flow contracts may be attractive to us because they provide operational advantages from the consistent amount and type of accounts acquired. Forward flow purchases consisted of the following:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  

(in millions)

   2008     2007     Change    Percent  

Forward flow purchases, at cost

   $ 90.0      $ 24.2      $ 65.8    272.2

Forward flow purchases, at face value

   $ 1,654.2      $ 451.3      $ 1,202.9    266.5

Percentage of face value

     5.44     5.36     

Percentage of forward flow purchases, at cost of total purchasing

     58.4     14.3     

Percentage of forward flow purchases, at face value of total purchasing

     43.4     8.7     

Purchases from forward flows in 2008 included 124 portfolios from 14 forward flow contracts. Purchases from forward flows in 2007 included 79 portfolios from nine forward flow contracts. Revenues on portfolios purchased from our top three sellers during vintage years 1997 through 2008 were $62.6 million and $70.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The top three sellers were the same in both of the twelve month periods. From period to period, we may buy charged-off receivables of varying age, types and cost. As a result, the cost of our purchases, as a percent of face value, may fluctuate from one period to the next. We believe the increase in the blended rate we paid in 2008 of 4.05% versus the blended rate paid in 2007 of 3.26% was the result of purchasing higher quality portfolios of charged-off receivables in the current year. The higher blended rate paid in 2008 relative to 2007 did not reflect overall market prices, which were lower in 2008 than in 2007 for comparable portfolios.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses are traditionally measured in relation to revenues. However, we measure operating expenses in relation to cash collections. We believe this is appropriate because amortization rates, the difference between cash collections and revenues recognized, vary from year to year. Amortization rates vary due to seasonality of collections, impairments and other factors and can distort the analysis of operating expenses when measured against revenues. Additionally, we believe that the majority of our operating expenses are variable in relation to cash collections.

 

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The following table summarizes the significant components of our operating expenses:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2008    2007    Change     Percentage
Change
      2008         2007    

Salaries and benefits

   $ 83.3    $ 82.9    $ 0.4      0.5   22.5   22.3

Collections expense

     89.5      99.4      (9.9   (10.0   24.2      26.8   

Occupancy

     7.7      9.1      (1.4   (15.4   2.1      2.5   

Administrative

     10.5      10.5                2.8      2.8   

Other

     4.8      5.7      (0.9   (16.5   1.4      1.5   
                                        

Total operating expenses

   $ 195.8    $ 207.6    $ (11.8   (5.6 )%    53.0   55.9
                                        

The majority of the decrease in operating expenses is a result of reductions in collections expense, occupancy expense and restructuring charges.

Salaries and Benefits. Salaries and benefits expense increased because of higher share-based compensation. The following table summarizes the significant components of our salaries and benefits expense:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2008    2007    Change     Percentage
Change
      2008         2007    

Compensation—revenue generating

   $ 51.0    $ 52.0    $ (1.0   (1.9 )%    13.8   14.0

Compensation—administrative

     16.0      14.9      1.1      7.6      4.3      4.0   

Benefits and other

     16.3      16.0      0.3      1.9      4.4      4.3   
                                        

Total salaries and benefits

   $ 83.3    $ 82.9    $ 0.4      0.5   22.5   22.3
                                        

Salaries and benefits expense increased primarily because of a $0.5 million increase in share-based compensation expense, which was partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in compensation expense (other than share-based compensation expense). However, the decrease in cash collections was more than the decrease in salaries and benefits expense.

Before 2007, we had granted share-based compensation to our non-associate directors and occasionally to certain key associates, generally for recruiting or retention reasons. During 2007, we began a program to issue periodic share-based awards to a broader group of key management associates including our executive officers. A portion of the share-based compensation grants to executive officers included the use of performance conditions for vesting. In 2008, we recognized $0.8 million of compensation expense in salaries and benefits expense, which included a reversal of $0.1 million for 2007 performance-based awards for executive officers not expected to vest. We did not make an annual grant of share-based compensation awards during 2008. In 2007, we recognized $0.3 million of compensation expense in salaries and benefits expense, which included a reversal of $0.1 million for a performance based award, related to the acquisition of PARC in 2006, not expected to vest. As of December 31, 2008, there was $2.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested awards of which $1.7 million was expected to vest over a weighted average period of 2.46 years.

 

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Collections Expense. Collections expense decreased significantly during the year which resulted from savings in our variable expenses offset by higher forwarding fees for our third party agency relationships. The following table summarizes the significant components of collections expense and the changes in each:

 

     Years Ended December 31,     Percentage of Cash Collections
Years Ended December 31,
 

(in millions)

   2008    2007    Change     Percentage
Change
      2008         2007    

Forwarding fees

   $ 34.9    $ 29.2    $ 5.7      19.5   9.5   7.9

Court and process server costs

     23.7      35.8      (12.1   (33.7   6.4      9.6   

Lettering campaign and telecommunications costs

     18.0      20.4      (2.4   (11.7   4.9      5.5   

Data provider costs

     6.8      6.0      0.8      14.0      1.8      1.6   

Other

     6.1      8.0      (1.9   (25.3   1.6      2.2   
                                        

Total collections expense

   $ 89.5    $ 99.4    $ (9.9   (10.0 )%    24.2   26.8
                                        

Collections expense decreased primarily due to a $15.1 million decline in variable costs associated with reduced spending on in-house collection efforts, lower data provider costs and better expense management. In addition, the reduction of variable expense included a $7.0 million savings in court costs associated with our legal forwarding collections as a result of a new third party relationship that allows us to better match these costs with the associated collections. The savings were partially offset by an increased contingency rate under this relationship which resulted in an increase in forwarding fees paid of $1.7 million. The remaining increase in forwarding fees, $4.0 million, is the result of an increase in collections from third party relationships (attorneys and collection agencies). Third party collections increased to 30.9% of total cash collections for the year ended December 31, 2008, from 26.8% for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Occupancy. Occupancy expense decreased primarily due to the consolidation of two call centers during 2007.

Administrative. Administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 include increased fees for outside advisors and consultants and lower share-based compensation expense for non-associate directors. Administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 include $0.5 million in share-based compensation expense for our non-associate directors relating to an amendment to our 2004 stock incentive plan to add an anti-dilution provision.

Restructuring Charges. There were no restructuring charges in 2008. Restructuring charges were $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 as a result of the sale of our White Marsh, Maryland office and for closing the Wixom, Michigan office during 2007. Expenses were primarily related to associate one-time termination benefits, contract termination costs for the remaining lease payments on the Wixom, Michigan office and other exit costs, which were partially offset by $0.3 million proceeds received from the sale of the tangible assets located in the White Marsh, Maryland office.

Impairment of Assets. Impairment of assets was $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $0.3 million compared to impairment of assets of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. During the first quarter of 2008, we decided to no longer service medical receivables on a contingent fee basis. As a result, we recognized an impairment charge of $0.4 million related to the net carrying value of intangible assets for customer contracts and relationships associated with the contingent collection business. In addition, an impairment charge of $0.2 million that had been invested in a new software product was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2008 related to the decision to discontinue the implementation of this product. In 2007, an associate was released from his non-compete and employment agreements, resulting in a $0.3 million impairment charge for the remaining balance of his non-compete agreement.

 

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Interest Expense. Interest expense was $13.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of $4.9 million compared to interest expense of $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Interest expense was 3.5% of cash collections during the year ended December 31, 2008 compared with 2.2% for the same period in 2007. The increase in interest expense was due to increased average borrowings during the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Average borrowings during the year ended December 31, 2008 reflect borrowings under our $150.0 million term loan facility that was funded on June 12, 2007 to finance our modified “Dutch auction” tender offer and special one-time cash dividend. Interest expense also includes the amortization of deferred financing costs of $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

In September 2007, we entered into an amortizing interest rate swap agreement whereby, on a quarterly basis, we swap variable rates, equal to three-month LIBOR, for fixed rates. The notional amount of the swap was $125.0 million until September 2008 when the notional amount declined to $100.0 million of the outstanding balance on our term loan. This interest rate swap is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge and the effective portion of the gain or loss on such hedge is reported as a component of other comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. To the extent that the hedging relationship is not effective, the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in earnings. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative recorded in earnings was not material.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense of $9.7 million reflects a federal tax rate of 35.0% and a state tax rate of 3.1% (net of federal tax benefit) for the year ended December 31, 2008. For the year ended December 31, 2007, income tax expense was $12.5 million and reflected a federal tax rate of 35.0% and state tax rate of 3.0% (net of federal tax benefit). Income tax expense decreased $2.8 million, or 22.6% from income tax expense of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease in tax expense was due to a decrease in pre-tax financial statement income, which was $25.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $32.9 million for 2007.

 

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Supplemental Performance Data

Portfolio Performance

The following table summarizes our historical portfolio purchase price and cash collections on an annual vintage basis by year of purchase as of December 31, 2009:

 

Year of Purchase

   Number of
Portfolios
   Purchase
Price(1)
   Cash
Collections
   Estimated
Remaining

Collections(2,3)
   Total
Estimated

Collections
   Total Estimated
Collections as a

Percentage of
Purchase Price
 
     (dollars in thousands)  

2003

   76    $ 87,147    $ 424,897    $ 9,825    $ 434,722    499

2004

   106      86,538      255,843      19,423      275,266    318   

2005

   104      100,749      192,914      16,756      209,670    208   

2006(4)

   154      142,243      267,472      66,647      334,119    235   

2007

   158      169,434      199,343      131,834      331,177    195   

2008

   164      154,174      125,387      237,143      362,530    235   

2009

   123      121,887      27,926      304,344      332,270    273   
                                   

Total

   885    $ 862,172    $ 1,493,782    $ 785,972    $ 2,279,754    264
                                   

 

(1)

Purchase price refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire a portfolio less the purchase price refunded by a seller due to the return of non-compliant accounts (also defined as “buybacks”) less the purchase price for accounts that were sold at the time of purchase to another debt purchaser.

 

(2)

Estimated remaining collections are based on historical cash collections. Please refer to forward-looking statements within Item 1A. “Risk Factors” on page 14 and “Critical Accounting Policies” on page 50 for further information regarding these estimates.

 

(3)

Estimated remaining collections refers to the sum of all future projected cash collections on our owned portfolios using up to an 84 month collection forecast from the date of purchase. Estimated remaining collections for pools on a cost recovery method for revenue recognition purposes are equal to the carrying value. There are no estimated remaining collections for pools on a cost recovery method that are fully amortized.

 

(4)

Includes 62 portfolios from the acquisition of PARC on April 28, 2006 that were allocated a purchase price value of $8.3 million.

The following table summarizes the remaining unamortized balances of our purchased receivables portfolios by year of purchase as of December 31, 2009:

 

Year of Purchase

   Unamortized
Balance
   Purchase
Price(1)
   Unamortized
Balance as a
Percentage of

Purchase Price
    Unamortized
Balance as a
Percentage of

Total
 
     (dollars in thousands)  

2003

   $ 2,485    $ 87,147    2.9   0.8

2004

     8,463      86,538    9.8      2.6   

2005

     9,277      100,749    9.2      2.9   

2006(2)

     33,151      142,243    23.3      10.4   

2007

     64,238      169,434    37.9      20.1   

2008

     87,760      154,174    56.9      27.4   

2009

     114,398      121,887    93.9      35.8   
                      

Total

   $ 319,772    $ 862,172    37.1   100.0
                      

 

(1)

Purchase price refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire a portfolio less the buybacks less the purchase price for accounts that were sold at the time of purchase to another debt purchaser.

 

(2)

Includes portfolios from the acquisition of PARC on April 28, 2006 that were allocated a purchase price value of $8.3 million.

 

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Table of Contents

The following table summarizes purchased receivable revenues and amortization rates by year of purchase:

 

     Year ended December 31, 2009

Year of

Purchase

   Collections    Revenue    Amortization
Rate(1)
    Monthly
Yield(2)
    Net
Impairments
   Zero Basis
Collections

2004 and prior

   $ 76,818,620    $ 59,351,726    N/M      N/M      $ 9,916,500    $ 51,005,995

2005

     22,725,619      2,276,130    90.0   0.88     11,770,000      1,968,651

2006

     53,239,336      19,573,500    63.2      3.00        19,855,000      6,523,756

2007

     69,890,696      31,214,488    55.3      3.05        6,994,000      3,204,897

2008

     83,430,138      38,422,017    53.9      2.91        969,254      332,543

2009

     27,926,188      20,437,420    26.8      3.98             124,996
                               

Totals

   $ 334,030,597    $ 171,275,281    48.7   4.27   $ 49,504,754    $ 63,160,838
                               

 

     Year ended December 31, 2008

Year of

Purchase

   Collections    Revenue    Amortization
Rate(1)
    Monthly
Yield(2)
    Net
Impairments
    Zero Basis
Collections

2003 and prior

   $ 86,570,398    $ 80,343,561    N/M      N/M      $ (1,575,800   $ 66,525,760

2004

     32,275,692      22,173,829    31.3   6.93     4,582,964        3,707,110

2005

     35,638,117      14,871,669    58.3      3.13        4,698,986        80,738

2006

     79,953,394      50,894,934    36.3      5.30        4,627,497        7,493,922

2007

     93,183,368      44,063,847    52.7      2.88        688,813        715,897

2008

     41,957,161      20,552,942    51.0      2.68        18,276        101,294
                                

Totals

   $ 369,578,130    $ 232,900,782    37.0   5.60   $ 13,040,736      $ 78,624,721
                                

 

     Year ended December 31, 2007

Year of

Purchase

   Collections    Revenue    Amortization
Rate(1)
    Monthly
Yield(2)
    Net
Impairments
   Zero Basis
Collections

2002 and prior

   $ 76,116,507    $ 66,025,915    N/M      N/M      $ 162,500    $ 58,044,676

2003

     58,359,295      40,038,019    31.4   16.78     1,535,000      14,016,641

2004

     48,093,005      29,760,455    38.1      6.09        8,259,700      3,179,675

2005

     50,811,376      23,481,703    53.8      3.00        13,803,000      68,282

2006

     101,529,155      67,517,073    33.5      4.95        633,300      6,726,167

2007

     36,269,125      18,868,574    48.0      2.43            
                               

Totals

   $ 371,178,463    $ 245,691,739    33.8   6.60   $ 24,393,500    $ 82,035,441
                               

 

(1)

“N/M” indicates that the calculated percentage is not meaningful.

 

(2)

The monthly yield is the weighted-average yield determined by dividing purchased receivable revenues recognized in the period by the average of the beginning monthly carrying values of the purchased receivables for the period presented.

 

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Table of Contents

Account Representative Tenure and Productivity

We measure traditional call center account representative tenure by two major categories, those with less than one year of experience and those with one or more years of experience. The following table displays our account representative experience:

Account Representatives by Experience

 

     Years Ended December 31,
   2009    2008    2007(3)

Number of account representatives:

        

One year or more(1)

   587    515    558

Less than one year(2)

   422    437    356
              

Total account representatives

   1,009    952    914
              

 

(1)

Based on number of average traditional call center Full Time Equivalent (“FTE”) account representatives and supervisors with one or more years of service.

 

(2)

Based on number of average traditional call center FTE account representatives and supervisors with less than one year of service, including new associates in training.

 

(3)

Certain associates have been reclassified to make the 2007 disclosures comparable to current periods.

The following table displays our account representative productivity:

Overall Account Representative Collection Averages

 

     Years Ended December 31,
   2009    2008    2007(1)

Overall collection averages

   $ 141,141    $ 173,209    $ 193,000

 

(1)

The overall collection average has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

 

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Table of Contents

Cash Collections

The following tables provide further detailed vintage collection analysis on an annual and a cumulative basis:

Historical Collections(1)

 

Year of
Purchase

  Purchase
Price(3)
  Years Ended December 31,  
    2000     2001     2002     2003     2004     2005     2006     2007     2008     2009  
    (dollars in thousands)  

Pre-2000

    $ 35,110      $ 29,994      $ 25,315      $ 19,655      $ 15,066      $ 12,287      $ 9,295      $ 7,154      $ 5,025      $ 3,464   

2000

  $ 20,592     8,896        23,444        22,559        20,318        17,196        14,062        10,603        7,410        5,258        3,736   

2001

    43,029            17,630        50,327        50,967        45,713        39,865        30,472        21,714        13,351        8,738   

2002

    72,255                   22,339        70,813        72,024        67,649        55,373        39,839        24,529        15,957   

2003

    87,147                          36,067        94,564        94,234        79,423        58,359        38,408        23,842   

2004

    86,538                                 23,365        68,354        62,673        48,093        32,276        21,082   

2005

    100,749                                        23,459        60,280        50,811        35,638        22,726   

2006(2)

    142,243                                               32,751        101,529        79,953        53,239   

2007

    169,434                                                      36,269        93,183        69,891   

2008

    154,174                                                             41,957        83,430   

2009

    121,887                                                                    27,926   
                                                                                 

Total

    $ 44,006      $ 71,068      $ 120,540      $ 197,820      $ 267,928      $ 319,910      $ 340,870      $ 371,178      $ 369,578      $ 334,031   
                                                                                 
Cumulative Collections(1)   

Year of

Purchase

  Purchase
Price(3)
  Total Through December 31,  
    2000     2001     2002     2003     2004     2005     2006     2007     2008     2009  
    (dollars in thousands)  

2000

  $ 20,592   $ 8,896      $ 32,340      $ 54,899      $ 75,217      $ 92,413      $ 106,475      $ 117,078      $ 124,488      $ 129,746      $ 133,482   

2001

    43,029            17,630        67,957        118,924        164,637        204,502        234,974        256,688        270,039        278,777   

2002

    72,255                   22,339        93,152        165,176        232,825        288,198        328,037        352,566        368,523   

2003

    87,147                          36,067        130,631        224,865        304,288        362,647        401,055        424,897   

2004

    86,538                                 23,365        91,719        154,392        202,485        234,761        255,843   

2005

    100,749                                        23,459        83,739        134,550        170,188        192,914   

2006(2)

    142,243                                               32,751        134,280        214,233        267,472   

2007

    169,434                                                      36,269        129,452        199,343   

2008

    154,174                                                             41,957        125,387   

2009

    121,887                                                                    27,926   
Cumulative Collections as Percentage of Purchase Price(1)   

Year of

Purchase

  Purchase
Price(3)
  Total Through December 31,  
    2000     2001     2002     2003     2004     2005     2006     2007     2008     2009  

2000

  $ 20,592     43     157     267     365     449     517     569     605     630     648

2001

    43,029            41        158        276        383        475        546        597        628        648   

2002

    72,255                   31        129        229        322        399        454        488        510   

2003

    87,147                          41        150        258        349        416        460        488   

2004

    86,538                                 27        106        178        234        271        296   

2005

    100,749                                        23        83        134        169        191   

2006(2)

    142,243                                               23        94        151        188   

2007

    169,434                                                      21        76        118   

2008

    154,174                                                             27        81   

2009

    121,887                                                                    23   

 

(1)

Does not include proceeds from sales of receivables.

 

(2)

Includes portfolios from the acquisition of PARC on April 28, 2006 that were allocated a purchase price value of $8.3 million.

 

(3)

Purchase price refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire a portfolio less the purchase price refunded by a seller due to the return of non-compliant accounts (also referred to as buybacks) less the purchase price for accounts that were sold at the time of purchase to another debt purchaser.

 

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Table of Contents

Seasonality

The success of our business depends on our ability to collect on our purchased portfolios of charged-off consumer receivables. Collections tend to be seasonally higher in the first and second quarters of the year due to consumers’ receipt of tax refunds and other factors. Conversely, collections tend to be lower in the third and fourth quarters of the year due to consumers’ spending in connection with summer vacations, the holiday season and other factors. However, revenue recognized is relatively level, excluding the impact of impairments, due to the application of the provisions prescribed by the Interest Method of accounting. In addition, our operating results may be affected to a lesser extent by the timing of purchases of charged-off consumer receivables due to the initial costs associated with purchasing and integrating these receivables into our system. Consequently, income and margins may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

The following table illustrates our quarterly cash collections:

Cash Collections

 

Quarter

   2009    2008    2007    2006    2005

First

   $ 94,116,937    $ 100,264,281    $ 95,853,350    $ 89,389,858    $ 80,397,640

Second

     87,293,577      95,192,743      95,432,021      89,609,982      84,862,856

Third

     77,832,357      90,775,528      90,748,442      80,914,791      78,159,364

Fourth

     74,787,726      83,345,578      89,144,650      80,955,115      76,490,350
                                  

Total cash collections

   $ 334,030,597    $ 369,578,130    $ 371,178,463    $ 340,869,746    $ 319,910,210
                                  

The following table illustrates cash collections and percentages by source:

 

    Years ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007(1)     2006(1)     2005(1)  
    $   %     $   %     $   %     $   %     $   %  

Traditional collections

  $ 142,426,314   42.6   $ 163,207,248   44.1   $ 172,899,013   46.6   $ 167,037,599   49.0   $ 168,237,859   52.6

Legal collections

    141,646,804   42.4        151,077,999   40.9        147,993,920   39.9        134,009,973   39.3        114,685,727   35.8   

Other collections

    49,957,479   15.0        55,292,883   15.0        50,285,530   13.5        39,822,174   11.7        36,986,624   11.6   
                                                           

Total cash collections

  $ 334,030,597   100.0   $ 369,578,130   100.0   $ 371,178,463   100.0   $ 340,869,746   100.0   $ 319,910,210   100.0
                                                           

 

(1)

Certain cash collections have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, our primary sources of cash have been from operations and bank borrowings. We have traditionally used cash for acquisitions of purchased receivables, repayment of bank borrowings, purchasing property and equipment and working capital to support growth. We believe that cash generated from operations combined with borrowings currently available under our Credit Facilities, will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next twelve months, although no assurance can be given in this regard. In the future, if we need additional capital for investment in purchased receivables, working capital to grow our business or acquire other businesses, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or we may seek to increase the availability under our Revolving Credit Facility.

Borrowings

We maintain a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders named therein, that originated on June 5, 2007 and was amended on March 10, 2008 and on October 27, 2009 (the “Credit Agreement”). Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, we have a five-year

 

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Table of Contents

$100.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), limited to additional borrowings of $25.9 million as of December 31, 2009, and a six-year $150.0 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility” and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). The Credit Facilities bear interest at 150 to 250 basis points over prime depending upon our liquidity, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Alternately, at our discretion, we may borrow by entering into one, two, three, six or twelve-month London Inter Bank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) contracts at rates between 250 to 350 basis points over the respective LIBOR, depending on our liquidity. Our Revolving Credit Facility includes an accordion loan feature that allows us to request a $25.0 million increase as well as sublimits for $10.0 million of letters of credit and for $10.0 million of swingline loans. The Credit Agreement is secured by a first priority lien on all of our assets. The Credit Agreement also contains certain covenants and restrictions that we must comply with, which as of December 31, 2009 were:

 

   

Leverage Ratio (Consolidated Indebtedness to Adjusted EBITDA defined as consolidated net income, plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, amortization, amortized collections, non-cash losses and non-cash expenses, less extraordinary gains, non-cash gains and non-cash income) cannot exceed (i) 1.5 to 1.0 at any time on or before December 31, 2011 or (ii) 1.25 to 1.0 at any time thereafter;

 

   

Ratio of Consolidated Total Liabilities to Consolidated Tangible Net Worth (as defined) cannot exceed (i) 2.5 to 1.0 at any time on or before December 30, 2011, (ii) 2.25 to 1.0 at any time on or after December 31, 2011 and on or before March 30, 2012 or (iii) 2.0 to 1.0 to any time thereafter; and

 

   

Consolidated Tangible Net Worth (as defined) must equal or exceed $85.0 million plus 50% of positive consolidated net income for three consecutive fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2007 and for each fiscal year ending thereafter, such amount to be added as of December 31, 2007 and as of the end of each such fiscal year thereafter.

The financial covenants restrict our ability to borrow against the Revolving Credit Facility. At December 31, 2009, total available borrowings on our Revolving Credit Facility were $83.8 million, however, our capacity to borrow under the terms of the agreement was limited to $25.9 million. The limitation is based on the Ratio of Consolidated Total Liabilities to Consolidated Tangible Net Worth, our most restrictive covenant at December 31, 2009. The net loss during 2009 reduced our borrowing capacity under this covenant by approximately $41.1 million. This borrowing capacity will be reduced further if we incur cumulative net losses in future periods that reduce our Consolidated Tangible Net Worth.

The Credit Agreement contains a provision that requires us to repay Excess Cash Flow (as defined) to reduce the indebtedness outstanding under our Term Loan Facility. The Excess Cash Flow repayment provisions are:

 

   

50% of the Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal year if the Leverage Ratio was greater than 1.0 to 1.0 as of the end of such fiscal year;

 

   

25% of the Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal year if the Leverage Ratio was less than or equal to 1.0 to 1.0 but greater than 0.875 to 1.0 as of the end of such fiscal year; or

 

   

0% if the Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 0.875 to 1.0 as of the end of such fiscal year.

As of December 31, 2009, our Leverage Ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement was 1.05 to 1.0. Based on the Excess Cash Flow provisions, we are required to make a prepayment of approximately $9.0 million on the Term Loan Facility in March 2010, related to the results of operations for year ended December 31, 2009. We also made a required prepayment of $2.4 million during the first quarter of 2009 related to the Excess Cash Flow provisions for 2008. Payment of the Excess Cash Flow will not reduce our total borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Commitment fees on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility are paid quarterly, in arrears, and are calculated as an amount equal to a margin of 0.50% on the average amount available on the Revolving Credit Facility.

 

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The Credit Agreement requires us to effectively cap, collar or exchange interest rates on a notional amount of at least 25% of the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan Facility. As such, we have an interest rate swap agreement that hedges a portion of the interest on the Term Loan Facility. Refer to Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management” for additional information.

We had $160.0 million and $181.6 million of borrowings outstanding on our Credit Facilities at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, of which $143.8 million and $147.8 million was outstanding on the Term Loan Facility and $16.2 million and $33.8 million was outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility. Along with the Excess Cash Flow prepayment requirements, the Term Loan Facility requires quarterly repayments totaling $1.5 million annually until expiration. The decrease in total outstanding borrowings in 2009 was a result of us repaying a significant portion of the Revolving Credit Facility during the year. The weighted average interest rate on the outstanding borrowings, including the effect of the interest rate swap, at December 31, 2009 was 5.69%. The increase in interest rates resulting from the amendment to the Credit Agreement in 2009 will have the effect of increasing interest expense by approximately $1.6 million in 2010, if our borrowing levels remain consistent.

We were in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2009.

Cash Flows

The majority of our purchases of receivables have been funded with internal cash flow and with borrowings against our Revolving Credit Facility. For the year ended December 31, 2009, we invested $120.7 million in purchased receivables, net of buybacks, including receivables accrued for funding in 2010, funded primarily by internal cash flow. Our cash balance decreased from $6.0 million at December 31, 2008 to $4.9 million as of December 31, 2009. We also made net repayments on our Credit Facilities of $21.5 million during 2009.

Our operating activities provided cash of $31.5 million, $39.7 million and $51.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities for these years was generated primarily from operating income earned through cash collections as adjusted for non-cash items and the timing of payments of income taxes, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. We rely heavily on cash generated from our operating activities to allow us to fund operations and re-invest in purchased receivables. Cash provided by operations has decreased over the past three years as a result of lower cash collections on purchased receivables. In 2009, the decline in cash collections was greater than the corresponding decline in spending on operating expenses. Continued declines in cash collections, if not offset by reductions in operating expenses will further decrease cash provided by operating activities in future periods.

Investing activities used cash of $9.1 million, $33.6 million and $70.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The majority of cash used for investing purposes is for acquisitions of purchased receivables, net of cash collections applied to principal, which is net of buybacks for all vintage years. We intentionally reduced our level of investment in paper during the first half of 2009 to build capacity to invest more in the second half of the year and into 2010, in anticipation of additional declines in pricing. As a result, we did not use as much cash in investing activities in 2009 as in prior years. We believe that we have sufficient capacity in our Credit Agreement when combined with anticipated cash flows from operations to fund investment in purchased receivables at or above historical levels. However, continued pressure on our collections in 2010 coupled with the borrowing constraints under our Revolving Credit Facility may cause 2010 purchasing to be at lower levels than we have seen historically.

We acquired $6.0 million, $5.7 million and $2.4 million in property and equipment in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The amounts in 2009 and 2008 were primarily related to software and computer equipment for our new collection platform, improvements to our telecommunications systems and our office moves in San Antonio and Tempe. Implementation of the new collection platform is funded through cash flow from operating activities and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility.

 

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Financing activities used cash of $23.5 million and $10.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, and provided cash of $18.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Cash used by financing activities for 2009 and 2008 was primarily due to net repayments on our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan Facility of $21.5 million and $9.7 million, respectively. We also made payments for deferred financing fees $1.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, associated with the first and second amendments on the Credit Agreement. Cash provided by financing activities in 2007 was primarily a result of borrowings of $263.0 million under our Credit Facilities and former credit agreement. The cash provided by financing activities in 2007 was partially offset by $88.8 million repayment on our former credit agreement, Credit Facilities and capital lease obligations as well as payments of $75.0 million for our repurchase of 4.0 million shares in accordance with the recapitalization plan. Furthermore, our Board of Directors declared a special one-time cash dividend of $2.45 per share, or $74.9 million in aggregate, which was paid on July 31, 2007 to holders of record on July 19, 2007. Also in 2007, we exercised our right to buy shares from former associates for $15.00 per share, or $2.0 million. Cash provided by financing activities will increase in future periods to the extent we use net borrowings on our Revolving Credit Facility to fund purchases of paper.

Adjusted EBITDA

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net (loss) income plus the (benefit) provision for income taxes, interest expense, net, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, (gain) loss on sale of assets, net, impairment of assets and purchased receivables amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of liquidity calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), and should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net (loss) income prepared on a U.S. GAAP basis. Adjusted EBITDA does not purport to represent cash flow provided by, or used in, operating activities as defined by U.S. GAAP, which is presented in our statements of cash flows. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance for the following reasons:

 

   

Adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest income, taxes, depreciation and amortization including purchased receivable amortization, and share-based compensation, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired; and

 

   

analysts and investors use Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure to evaluate the overall operating performance of companies in our industry.

Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA:

 

   

for planning purposes, including in the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and periodic forecasts;

 

   

in communications with the Board of Directors, stockholders, analysts and investors concerning our financial performance;

 

   

as a significant factor in determining bonuses under management’s annual incentive compensation program; and

 

   

as a measure of operating performance for the financial covenants in our amended Credit Agreement, because it provides information related to our ability to provide cash flows for investments in purchased receivables, capital expenditures, acquisitions and working capital requirements.

 

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The following table reconciles net (loss) income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008    2007  

Net (loss) income

   $ (16,434,097   $ 15,723,196    $ 20,406,513   

Adjustments:

       

Income tax (benefit) expense

     (9,757,449     9,680,968      12,511,803   

Interest expense, net

     10,134,906        12,991,942      7,674,762   

Depreciation and amortization

     4,107,635        3,954,802      4,274,932   

Share-based compensation

     1,328,402        1,329,298      1,458,768   

(Gain) loss on sale of assets, net

     (44,739     56,825      (702,992

Impairment of assets

     1,167,600        616,343      266,667   

Purchased receivables amortization

     162,755,316        136,677,348      125,486,724   
                       

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ 153,257,574      $ 181,030,722    $ 171,377,177   
                       

The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA from 2008 to 2009 is primarily a result of the decrease in cash collections for the year, partially offset by reductions in operating expenses.

Future Contractual Cash Obligations

The following table summarizes our future contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2009:

 

    Years Ending December 31,   Thereafter
    2010   2011   2012   2013   2014  

Capital lease obligations

  $ 110,157   $ 113,648   $ 113,648   $ 3,492   $   $

Operating lease obligations

    5,271,040     4,930,576     4,552,094     4,188,049     4,239,939     5,412,873

Purchase obligations(1)

    921,976                    

Forward flow obligations(2)

    43,311,000                    

Revolving credit(3)

            16,200,000            

Term loan(4)

    10,500,000     1,500,000     1,500,000     130,322,514        

Contractual interest on derivative instruments

    3,444,413     2,198,781     946,268            
                                   

Total(5)

  $ 63,558,586   $ 8,743,005   $ 23,312,010   $ 134,514,055   $ 4,239,939   $ 5,412,873
                                   

 

(1)

In 2007, we signed an agreement with a software provider and initiated a project to install a new collection platform. We have a contractual commitment to purchase $0.5 million in additional software and consulting services over the next year to fully implement this software.

 

(2)

We have four forward flow contracts that have terms beyond December 31, 2009. Two forward flow contracts expire in December 2010 and have estimated monthly purchases of approximately $2.5 million, depending upon circumstances. The remaining two forward flow contracts expire in March 2010 and April 2010 and have estimated monthly purchases of approximately $3.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

 

(3)

To the extent that a balance is outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility, it would be due in June 2012 or earlier as defined in the Credit Agreement. Interest on our Revolving Credit Facility is estimated and is not included within the amount outstanding as of December 31, 2009.

 

(4)

To the extent that a balance is outstanding on our Term Loan Facility, it would be due in June 2013. The variable interest is not included within the amount outstanding as of December 31, 2009. In addition, we are required to prepay approximately $9.0 million of principal on our Term Loan Facility in the first quarter of 2010. This prepayment is related to the Excess Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2009, as defined in our Credit Amendment.

 

(5)

We have a liability of $1.0 million relating to uncertain tax positions, which has been excluded from the table above because the amount and fiscal year of the payment cannot be reliably estimated.

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We currently do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

We generally account for our revenues from collections on our purchased receivables by using the interest method of accounting (“Interest Method”) in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, which requires making reasonable estimates of the timing and amount of future cash collections. Application of the Interest Method requires the use of estimates, primarily estimated remaining collections, to calculate a projected IRR for each pool. These estimates are primarily based on historical cash collections and payer dynamics. If future cash collections are materially different in amount or timing than the remaining collections estimate, earnings could be affected, either positively or negatively. The estimates of remaining collections are sensitive to the inputs used and the performance of each pool. Performance is dependent on macro-economic factors and the specific demographic makeup of the debtors in the pool. Higher collection amounts or cash collections that occur sooner than projected will have a favorable impact on reversal of impairments or an increase in yields and revenues. Lower collection amounts or cash collections that occur later than projected will have an unfavorable impact and may result in an impairment. Impairments to purchased receivables reduce our Consolidated Tangible Net Worth and put further pressure on the financial covenants in our Credit Facilities.

We use the cost recovery method when collections on a particular portfolio cannot be reasonably predicted. Under the cost recovery method, no revenue is recognized until we have fully collected the cost of the portfolio.

We adopted the Interest Method in January 2005 and apply it to purchased receivables acquired after December 31, 2004. The provisions of the Interest Method that relate to decreases in expected cash flows amend previously followed guidance for consistent treatment and apply prospectively to purchased receivables acquired before January 1, 2005. We purchase pools of homogenous accounts receivable and record each pool at its acquisition cost. Pools purchased after 2004 may be aggregated into one or more static pools within each quarter, based on common risk characteristics. Risk characteristics of purchased receivables are assumed to be similar since purchased receivables are usually in the late stages of the post charged-off collection cycle. We therefore aggregate most pools purchased within each quarter. Pools purchased before 2005 may not be aggregated with other pool purchases. Each static pool, either aggregated or non-aggregated, retains its own identity and does not change over the remainder of its life. Each static pool is accounted for as a single unit for recognition of revenue, principal payments and impairments.

Each static pool of receivables is statistically modeled to determine its projected cash flows based on historical cash collections for pools with similar characteristics. An IRR is calculated for each static pool of receivables based on the projected cash flows. The IRR is applied to the remaining balance of each static pool of accounts to determine the revenue recognized. Each static pool is analyzed at least quarterly to assess the actual performance compared to the expected performance. This review includes an assessment of the actual results of cash collections, the work effort used and expected to be used in future periods, the components of the static pool including type of paper, the average age of purchased receivables, certain demographics and other factors that help us understand how a pool may perform in future periods. We also review the actual performance against expected cash collections using our historical model. Generally, to the extent the differences in actual performance versus expected performance are favorable and the results of the review by pool is also favorable, the IRR is adjusted prospectively to reflect the revised estimate of cash flows over the remaining life of the static pool. If the differences in actual performance results in revised cash flow estimates that are less than the original estimates, and if the results of the review lead us to believe the decline in performance is not temporary, the IRR remains unchanged and an impairment is recognized. If cash flow estimates increase subsequent to recording an impairment, reversal of the previously recognized impairment is made prior to any increases to the IRR.

 

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These periodic reviews, and any adjustments or impairments (including those in the fourth quarter of 2009), are discussed with our Audit Committee.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets not Subject to Amortization

We periodically review the carrying value of intangible assets not subject to amortization, including goodwill, to determine whether an impairment may exist. U.S. GAAP requires that goodwill and certain intangible assets not subject to amortization be assessed annually for impairment using fair value measurement techniques.

Specifically, goodwill impairment is determined using a two-step test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test is used to identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its book value, goodwill is considered not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is unnecessary. If the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the book value of that goodwill. If the book value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. That is, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid to acquire the reporting unit.

The estimate of fair value of our goodwill reporting unit, the purchased receivables operating segment, is determined using various valuation techniques including market capitalization and an analysis of discounted cash flows. At the time of the annual goodwill impairment test, November 1, 2009, market capitalization was substantially higher than book value and goodwill was considered not to be impaired, however, a 35% decrease in market capitalization would have resulted in book value greater than market capitalization. We also performed a discounted cash flow analysis, which requires us to make various judgmental assumptions including assumptions about future cash flows, growth rates, and discount rates. We base assumptions about future cash flows and growth rates on our five-year budget and long-term plans. We used a discount rate of 19.6%, which reflected our estimate of cost of equity and our assessment of the risk inherent in the reporting unit. The fair value of goodwill using a discounted cash flow analysis exceeded the book value as of December 31, 2009. However, a 6% increase in the discount rate, or a decrease in cash flow of approximately $7.5 million in each year would result in an excess of book value over fair value and indicate that goodwill may be impaired.

The annual impairment test for other intangible assets not subject to amortization, for example, trademark and trade names, consists of a comparison of the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The estimates of fair value of intangible assets not subject to amortization are determined using various discounted cash flow valuation methodologies. Significant assumptions are inherent in this process, including estimates of discount rates and future cash flows. Discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of the risk inherent in the respective intangible assets and include estimates of the cost of debt and equity for market participants in the Company’s industry. We performed a discounted cash flow analysis of our trademark and trade names as of September 30, 2009 using a discount rate of 18% and determined that the carrying value exceeded the fair value. We recorded an impairment of $1,167,000, which is included in “Impairment of assets” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial

 

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reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to be reversed.

We believe it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the remaining deferred tax assets. In the event that all or part of the deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, a valuation allowance would be established and charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Similarly, if we subsequently realize deferred tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in a positive adjustment to earnings in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position. We account for uncertain tax positions using a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk relates to the interest rate risk with our Credit Facilities. We may periodically enter into interest rate swap agreements to modify the interest rate exposure associated with our outstanding debt. The outstanding borrowings on our Credit Facilities were $160.0 million, $181.6 million and $191.3 million as of December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. In September 2007, we entered into an amortizing interest rate swap agreement whereby, on a quarterly basis, we swap variable rates equal to three-month LIBOR for fixed rates on the notional amount of $125.0 million. Every year thereafter, on the anniversary of the swap agreement the notional amount decreases by $25.0 million. The outstanding unhedged borrowings on our Credit Facilities were $85.0 million as of December 31, 2009. Interest rates on unhedged borrowings may be based on the prime rate or LIBOR, at our discretion. Assuming a 200 basis point increase in interest rates on the unhedged borrowings, interest expense would have increased approximately $1.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, and $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

The swap was determined to be highly effective in hedging against fluctuations in variable interest rates associated with the underlying debt since we entered into the agreement. Interest rates have decreased since we entered into our swap agreement, reducing the fair value and resulting in a liability balance. Additional declines in interest rates will further reduce the fair value, while increasing interest rates will increase the fair value.

Interest rate fluctuations do not have a material impact on interest income.

 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements filed herewith are set forth on the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of the separate financial section of this Annual Report.

 

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

We have no information to report that is required by Item 304(b) of Regulation S-K.

 

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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The disclosure controls and procedures include those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Based upon that evaluation, and as of that date, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level to cause information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to be recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Refer to the Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting located on page F-2 of the separate financial section of this Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

 

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

PART III

 

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The Company has adopted a code of business conduct applicable to all directors, officers and associates, and which complies with the definition of a “code of ethics” set forth in Section 406(c) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the requirement of a “code of ethics” prescribed by Rule 4350(n) of The NASDAQ Marketplace Rules. The code of business conduct is accessible at no charge on the Company’s website at www.assetacceptance.com. In the event we make any amendment to, or grant any waiver of, a provision of our code of business conduct that applies to the principal executive, financial or accounting officer, or any person performing similar functions, that requires disclosure under applicable SEC rules, we intend to disclose such amendment or waiver, the nature of and reasons for it, along with the name of the person to whom it was granted and the date, on our website.

The other information required by Item 10 is included in the Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company to be held May 13, 2010, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference. Information about our Executive Officers is set forth in Part I. Supplemental Item, under the caption “Executive Officers of the Company”.

 

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Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by Item 11 is included in the Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by Item 12 is included in the Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated herein by reference.

The following table contains information about our securities that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under all of our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2009:

 

Plan Category

   Number of
Securities to be
Issued upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options, Warrants
and Rights
   Weighted Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
   Number of Securities
Remaining Available
For Future Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation Plans
(Excluding
Outstanding Options,
Warrants And
Rights)

Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders

   1,203,089    $ 10.77    2,381,376

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by Item 13 is included in the Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by Item 14 is included in the Proxy Statement for the 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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PART IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules

(a) The financial statements filed herewith are set forth in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of the separate financial section of this Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

(b) The following exhibits are filed as a part of this Annual Report.

 

Exhibit

Number

  

Description

  2.1    Asset Contribution and Securities Purchase Agreement among Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC, AAC Holding Corp., Consumer Credit Corp., their respective shareholders and AAC Investors, Inc. dated September 30, 2002. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
  2.2    Share Exchange Agreement dated October 24, 2003, among Asset Acceptance Capital Corp., AAC Investors, Inc., RBR Holding Corp. and the other parties thereto. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
  3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Annual Report on Form 10-K originally filed on March 25, 2004)
  3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. as of July 25, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2007)
  4.1    Form of Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
10.1    Form of Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement among Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and its stockholders. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
10.2    Lease dated November 17, 2000 between Brooklyn Heights Business Park Limited and Asset Acceptance Corp. for the property located at 600 Safeguard Plaza, Brooklyn Heights, Ohio, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
10.4    Second Amendment to Lease Agreement (for property located at 600 Safeguard Plaza, Brooklyn Heights, Ohio). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Annual Report on Form 10-K originally filed February 27, 2006)
10.5    Lease Agreement entered into on September 17, 2009, between Asset Acceptance, LLC and Gateway Montrose, Inc. for the property located at 1100 West Grove Parkway, Suite 101, Tempe, Arizona. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on November 4, 2009)
10.6    Lease Agreement dated July 25, 2003 between Orsett/ Piedmont Limited Liability Company and Asset Acceptance, LLC for the property located at 9801 South 51st Street, Phoenix, Arizona. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
10.7    Lease Agreement entered into April 17, 2009, between Asset Acceptance, LLC and TDC Prue Road, L.P. for the property located at 5250 Prue Road, San Antonio, Texas (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on August 3, 2009)

 

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Exhibit

Number

  

Description

10.8    Business Lease dated August 25, 2003 between First Industrial Development Services, Inc. and Asset Acceptance, LLC for the property located in Hillsborough County, Florida, as amended by First Amendment to Lease dated December 29, 2003. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
10.9    Second Amendment to Lease Agreement dated as of December 15, 2008, between Asset Acceptance, LLC and WI Commercial Properties, Inc. (“WICP”) for the property located in Hillsborough County, Florida (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Annual report on Form 10-K originally filed on March 6, 2009)
10.10    Lease Agreement dated October 31, 2003 by and between Van Dyke Office LLC and Asset Acceptance, LLC for the property located at 28405 Van Dyke Avenue, Warren, Michigan. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
10.11    First Amendment to Lease Agreement and Second Amendment to Lease Agreement (for property located at 28405 Van Dyke Avenue, Warren, Michigan). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-123178))
10.12    Third Amendment to Lease Agreement for property located at 28405 Van Dyke (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on May 10, 2006)
10.13    Fourth Amendment to Lease Agreement for property located at 28405 Van Dyke (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on August 9, 2006)
10.14    Lease Agreement dated April 25, 2005 between 55 E. Jackson LLC and Asset Acceptance, LLC for the property located at 55 E. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Annual report on Form 10-K originally filed on February 27, 2006)
10.15+    Employment Agreement dated January 21, 2009, between Asset Acceptance, LLC and Rion B. Needs (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on May 1, 2009)
10.16+    Employment Agreement dated September 8, 2009, between Asset Acceptance, LLC and Mark A. Redman (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on November 4, 2009)
10.17+    Employment Agreement dated September 8, 2009, between Asset Acceptance, LLC and Deborah L. Everly (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on November 4, 2009)
10.18    Agreement between Ontario Systems Corporation and Lee Acceptance Corp. dated June 26, 1992, as amended. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-109987))
10.19    Credit Agreement dated June 5, 2007, between Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 included with the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 5, 2007)
10.20    First Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated June 5, 2007, between Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and other lenders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 included with the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2008)

 

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Table of Contents

Exhibit

Number

  

Description

10.21    Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated October 27, 2009, between Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and other lenders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 included with the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 2, 2009)
10.22    Stock Purchase Agreement between Asset Acceptance Holdings, LLC and the Shareholders of Premium Asset Recovery Corporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on August 9, 2006)
10.23+    Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 included with the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 20, 2007)
10.24+    Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (Performance Based) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 included with the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 20, 2007)
10.25    Stock Repurchase Agreement dated as of May 8, 2007, among Asset Acceptance Capital Corp., AAC Quad-C Investors LLC, Nathaniel F. Bradley IV and Mark A. Redman (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(D)(2) included with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.’s Schedule TO as filed on May 9, 2007)
10.26+   

2008 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan for Management (Incorporated by reference to

Exhibit 10.2 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on May 1, 2008)

10.27+    2004 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective October 29, 2008) (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Annual Report on Form 10-K originally filed on March 6, 2009)
10.28+   

2009 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan for Management (Incorporated by reference to

Exhibit 10.1 filed with Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q originally filed on May 1, 2009)

21.1*    Subsidiaries of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.
23.1*    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Grant Thornton LLP)
23.2*    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Ernst & Young LLP)
31.1*    Certification of Chief Executive Officer dated March 12, 2010, relating to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009
31.2*    Certification of Chief Financial Officer dated March 12, 2010, relating to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009
32.1*    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Registrant, dated March 12, 2010, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, relating to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009

 

*

Filed herewith

 

+

Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

 

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Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 12, 2010.

 

ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

By :

 

/S/    RION B. NEEDS        

  Rion B. Needs,
  President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated and on March 12, 2010.

 

Signature

  

Title

/S/    RION B. NEEDS        

Rion B. Needs

  

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

(principal executive officer)

/S/    MARK A. REDMAN        

Mark A. Redman

  

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

/S/    NATHANIEL F. BRADLEY IV        

Nathaniel F. Bradley IV

   Chairman of the Board and Director

/S/    JENNIFER ADAMS        

Jennifer Adams

   Director

/S/    TERRENCE D. DANIELS        

Terrence D. Daniels

   Director

/S/    DONALD HAIDER        

Donald Haider

   Director

/S/    ANTHONY R. IGNACZAK        

Anthony R. Ignaczak

   Director

/S/    WILLIAM I JACOBS        

William I Jacobs

   Director

/S/    H. EUGENE LOCKHART        

H. Eugene Lockhart

   Director

/S/    WILLIAM F. PICKARD        

William F. Pickard

   Director

 

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Table of Contents

ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Financial Statements

 

     Page

Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

   F-2  

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

   F-3  

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

   F-6  

Consolidated Statements of Operations

   F-7  

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income

   F-8  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   F-9  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-10

 

F-1


Table of Contents

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (the “Company”) management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). The Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Company’s management assessed the design and operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009 based on the framework set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”).

Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2009, based on the COSO criteria. Grant Thornton, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued a report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009. That report is included herein.

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.

/S/    RION B. NEEDS        

President and Chief Executive Officer
March 12, 2010

/S/    MARK A. REDMAN        

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
March 12, 2010

 

F-2


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.

We have audited Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial position of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2009 and our report dated March 12, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Southfield, Michigan

March 12, 2010

 

F-3


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2009. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2009 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 12, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Southfield, Michigan

March 12, 2010

 

F-4


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated results of operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Detroit, Michigan

March 10, 2008

 

F-5


Table of Contents

ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

 

     December 31,
2009
    December 31,
2008
 
ASSETS     

Cash

   $ 4,935,248      $ 6,042,859   

Purchased receivables, net

     319,772,006        361,808,502   

Income taxes receivable

     5,553,181        3,934,029   

Property and equipment, net

     14,521,666        12,526,817   

Goodwill

     14,323,071        14,323,071   

Intangible assets, net

     1,079,065        2,453,117   

Other assets

     6,231,732        7,082,721   
                

Total assets

   $ 366,415,969      $ 408,171,116   
                
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY     

Liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 3,002,299      $ 3,388,320   

Accrued liabilities

     21,294,388        21,476,207   

Income taxes payable

     1,196,071        658,329   

Notes payable

     160,022,514        181,550,000   

Capital lease obligations

     278,459          

Deferred tax liability, net

     57,524,754        64,470,002   
                

Total liabilities

     243,318,485        271,542,858   
                

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding

              

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; issued shares—33,220,132 and 33,169,552 at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively

     332,201        331,696   

Additional paid in capital

     148,243,688        146,915,791   

Retained earnings

     18,754,217        35,188,314   

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

     (2,955,451     (4,664,862

Common stock in treasury; at cost, 2,616,424 and 2,596,521 shares at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively

     (41,277,171     (41,142,681
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     123,097,484        136,628,258   
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 366,415,969      $ 408,171,116   
                

See accompanying notes.

 

F-6


Table of Contents

ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

     For the Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Revenues

      

Purchased receivable revenues, net

   $ 171,275,281      $ 232,900,782      $ 245,691,739   

Gain on sale of purchased receivables

     399,373        165,040        839,824   

Other revenues, net

     812,947        1,146,494        1,466,620   
                        

Total revenues

     172,487,601        234,212,316        247,998,183   
                        

Expenses

      

Salaries and benefits

     77,666,083        83,348,494        82,916,662   

Collections expense

     89,095,287        89,458,611        99,386,744   

Occupancy

     7,588,100        7,727,356        9,138,443   

Administrative

     8,694,344        10,510,635        10,529,482   

Restructuring charges

                   906,497   

Depreciation and amortization

     4,107,635        3,954,802        4,274,932   

Impairment of assets

     1,167,600        616,343        266,667   

Loss on disposal of equipment and other assets

     354,634        221,865        136,832   
                        

Total operating expenses

     188,673,683        195,838,106        207,556,259   
                        

(Loss) income from operations

     (16,186,082     38,374,210        40,441,924   

Other income (expense)

      

Interest expense

     (10,168,671     (13,023,938     (8,145,456

Interest income

     33,765        31,996        470,694   

Other

     129,442        21,896        151,154   
                        

(Loss) income before income taxes

     (26,191,546     25,404,164        32,918,316   

Income tax (benefit) expense

     (9,757,449     9,680,968        12,511,803   
                        

Net (loss) income

   $ (16,434,097   $ 15,723,196      $ 20,406,513   
                        

Weighted-average number of shares:

      

Basic

     30,633,936        30,566,031        32,516,866   

Diluted

     30,633,936        30,592,317        32,604,100   

(Loss) earnings per common share outstanding:

      

Basic

   $ (0.54   $ 0.51      $ 0.63   

Diluted

   $ (0.54   $ 0.51      $ 0.63   

Dividends per common share

   $      $      $ 2.45   

See accompanying notes.

 

F-7


Table of Contents

ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income

 

    Number of
Shares
    Common
Stock
    Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
    Additional
Paid in
Capital
    Retained
Earnings
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss, net of tax
    Common
Stock in
Treasury
    Total
Stockholders’

Equity
 

Balance at January 1, 2007

  37,225,275      $ 372,253        $ 161,841,103      $ 134,244,500        $ (40,279,737   $ 256,178,119   

Comprehensive income

               

Net income

      $ 20,406,513          20,406,513            20,406,513   

Other comprehensive income

               

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net of deferred tax of $1,113,876

        (2,012,127         (2,012,127       (2,012,127
                     

Comprehensive income

      $ 18,394,386             
                     

Repurchases of common stock, retired

  (4,130,792     (41,308       (17,688,878     (60,294,195         (78,024,381

Repurchases of treasury shares

                (695,940     (695,940

Issuance of common stock

  25,114        251          (251        

Compensation expense under share-based compensation plan

          1,458,768              1,458,768   

Cash dividends paid

            (74,891,700         (74,891,700
                                                       

Balance at December 31, 2007

  33,119,597      $ 331,196        $ 145,610,742      $ 19,465,118      $ (2,012,127   $ (40,975,677   $ 122,419,252   
                                                       

Comprehensive income

               

Net income

      $ 15,723,196          15,723,196                      15,723,196   

Other comprehensive income

               

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net of deferred tax of $1,464,836

        (2,652,735         (2,652,735       (2,652,735
                     

Comprehensive income

      $ 13,070,461             
                     

Repurchases of treasury shares

                (167,004     (167,004

Issuance of common stock

  49,955        500                  500   

Compensation expense under share-based compensation plan

          1,305,049              1,305,049   
                                                       

Balance at December 31, 2008

  33,169,552      $ 331,696        $ 146,915,791      $ 35,188,314      $ (4,664,862   $ (41,142,681   $ 136,628,258   
                                                       

Comprehensive income

               

Net loss

      $ (16,434,097       (16,434,097         (16,434,097

Other comprehensive income

               

Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge, net of deferred tax of $(861,004)

        1,709,411            1,709,411          1,709,411   
                     

Comprehensive loss

      $ (14,724,686          
                     

Repurchases of treasury shares

                (134,490     (134,490

Issuance of common stock

  50,580        505          (505        

Compensation expense under share-based compensation plan

          1,328,402              1,328,402   
                                                       

Balance at December 31, 2009

  33,220,132      $ 332,201        $ 148,243,688      $ 18,754,217      $ (2,955,451   $ (41,277,171   $ 123,097,484   
                                                       

See accompanying notes.

 

F-8


Table of Contents

ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

     For the Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Cash flows from operating activities

      

Net (loss) income

   $ (16,434,097   $ 15,723,196      $ 20,406,513   

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     4,107,635        3,954,802        4,274,932   

Amortization of deferred financing costs

     670,559        506,821        560,651   

Deferred income taxes

     (7,806,252     5,770,054        646,442   

Share-based compensation expense

     1,328,402        1,329,298        1,458,768   

Net impairment of purchased receivables

     49,504,755        13,040,736        24,393,500   

Non-cash revenue

     (1,499,743     (575,006     (756,671

Loss on disposal of equipment and other assets

     354,634        221,865        136,832   

Gain on sale of purchased receivables

     (399,373     (165,040     (839,824

Impairment of assets

     1,167,600        616,343        266,667   

Changes in assets and liabilities:

      

Decrease (increase) in other assets

     2,016,356        (845,756     (178,222

(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities

     (397,257     (53,490     981,779   

(Decrease) increase in income taxes

     (1,081,410     149,088        (189,362
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     31,531,809        39,672,911        51,162,005   
                        

Cash flows from investing activities

      

Investment in purchased receivables, net of buybacks

     (118,319,478     (152,289,315     (170,847,886

Principal collected on purchased receivables

     114,750,304        124,211,618        101,849,895   

Proceeds from sale of purchased receivables

     399,863        167,405        842,594   

Purchase of property and equipment

     (5,976,404     (5,658,784     (2,377,522

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

     4,197        7,800        276,638   
                        

Net cash used in investing activities

     (9,141,518     (33,561,276     (70,256,281
                        

Cash flows from financing activities

      

Borrowings under notes payable

     49,200,000        128,000,000        263,000,000   

Repayment of notes payable

     (70,727,486     (137,700,000     (88,750,000

Payment of deferred financing costs

     (1,835,926     (660,575     (2,315,096

Repayment of capital lease obligations

            (15,927     (61,579

Purchase of treasury shares

     (134,490     (166,753     (78,720,321

Cash dividends paid

                   (74,891,700
                        

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

     (23,497,902     (10,543,255     18,261,304   
                        

Net decrease in cash

     (1,107,611     (4,431,620     (832,972

Cash at beginning of year

     6,042,859        10,474,479        11,307,451   
                        

Cash at end of year

   $ 4,935,248      $ 6,042,859      $ 10,474,479   
                        

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

      

Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest

   $ 9,593,119      $ 12,588,205      $ 6,647,856   

Net cash (received) paid for income taxes

   $ (869,787   $ 3,724,444      $ 12,176,983   

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

      

Change in fair value of swap liability

   $ (2,570,415   $ 4,117,571      $ 3,126,003   

Change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedge

   $ 1,709,411      $ (2,652,735   $ (2,012,127

Purchased receivable obligations incurred

   $ 2,399,832      $      $   

Capital lease obligations incurred

   $ 278,459      $      $   

See accompanying notes.

 

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ASSET ACCEPTANCE CAPITAL CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (a Delaware corporation) and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”) are engaged in the purchase and collection of defaulted and charged-off accounts receivable portfolios. These receivables are acquired from consumer credit originators, primarily credit card issuers including private label card issuers, consumer finance companies, healthcare providers, telecommunications and other utility providers, resellers and other holders of consumer debt. The Company may periodically sell receivables from these portfolios to unaffiliated companies.

In addition, the Company finances the sales of consumer product retailers.

Reporting Entity

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Asset Acceptance Capital Corp. (“AACC”) and all wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company currently has two operating segments, one for purchased receivables and one for finance contract receivables. The finance contract receivables operating segment is not material and therefore is not disclosed separately from the purchased receivables segment.

Effective August 31, 2009, the Company completed a reorganization which merged three non-operating subsidiaries into AACC. The reorganization did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for its investment in purchased receivables using the guidance provided in FASB ASC Subtopic 310-30, “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality”, (“Interest Method”). Refer to Note 2, “Purchased Receivables and Revenue Recognition”, for additional discussion of the Company’s method of accounting for purchased receivables and recognizing revenue.

Cash

The Company maintains cash balances with high quality financial institutions. Management periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of such institutions. Cash balances may be in excess of the amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Seasonality

Collections tend to be seasonally higher in the first and second quarters of the year due to consumers’ receipt of tax refunds and other factors. Conversely, collections tend to be lower in the third and fourth quarters of the year due to consumers’ spending in connection with summer vacations, the holiday season and other factors. However, revenues remain relatively level, excluding the impact of impairments, due to the application of the Interest Method of revenue recognition. In addition, the Company’s operating results may be affected to a lesser extent by the timing of purchases of charged-off consumer receivables due to the initial costs associated with purchasing and loading these receivables into the Company’s systems. Consequently, income and margins may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

 

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Collections from Third Parties

The Company regularly utilizes unaffiliated third parties, primarily attorneys and other contingent collection agencies, to collect certain account balances on behalf of the Company in exchange for a percentage of the balance collected. The Company records gross proceeds received by the unaffiliated third parties as cash collections. The Company records the percentage of the gross cash collections paid to the third parties, and the reimbursement of certain legal and other costs, as a component of collections expense. The percent of gross cash collections from such third party relationships were 32.9%, 30.9% and 26.8% for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

Accrued Liabilities

The details of accrued liabilities were as follows:

 

     December 31,
     2009    2008

Accrued payroll, benefits and bonuses

   $ 6,858,421    $ 7,676,269

Fair value of derivative instruments

     4,673,159      7,243,574

Accrued general and administrative expenses

     3,243,887      2,128,355

Deferred rent

     3,152,922      3,397,941

Purchased receivables(1)

     2,399,832     

Accrued interest expenses

     641,556      870,829

Other accrued expenses

     324,611      159,238
             

Total accrued liabilities

   $ 21,294,388    $ 21,476,206
             

 

(1)

The rights, title and interest of an acquired portfolio was transferred to the Company as of December 31, 2009 which was funded during January 2010.

Concentrations of Risk

For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company invested 66.9% and 57.8% (net of buybacks), respectively, in purchased receivables from its top three sellers. Two sellers are included in the top three in both of the years presented.

Interest Expense

Interest expense includes interest on the Company’s credit facilities, unused facility fees, the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instrument (refer to Note 5, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management”), interest payments made on the interest rate swap and amortization of deferred financing costs. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded interest expense of $10,168,671, $13,023,938, and $8,145,456, respectively, including the amortization of deferred financing costs of $670,559, $506,821 and $560,651, respectively.

In addition, interest expense of $48,129, $87,229 and $2,630 related to software developed for internal use was capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (loss) per share reflect net loss divided by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2009. Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding equals basic weighted-average shares outstanding as a result of the net loss for the year. Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2008 included 26,286 dilutive shares related to outstanding stock options, deferred

 

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stock units, restricted shares and restricted share units (collectively the “Share-Based Awards”). There were 821,763 outstanding Share-Based Awards that were not included within the diluted weighted-average shares as their fair value or exercise price exceeded the market price of the Company’s stock at December 31, 2008.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite lives arising from business combinations are amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from five to seven years, using the straight-line method. Goodwill and trademark and trade names with indefinite lives are not amortized, instead, these assets are reviewed annually to assess recoverability or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Impairment charges are recorded for intangible assets when the estimated fair value is less than the book value. Refer to Note 12, “Fair Value” for additional information about the fair value of goodwill and other intangible assets.

The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with the book value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its book value, goodwill is not considered impaired. The estimate of fair value of the Company’s reporting unit, the purchased receivables operating segment, is determined using various valuation techniques, including market capitalization and an analysis of discounted cash flows. At the time of the Company’s annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2009, market capitalization was substantially higher than book value and goodwill was not considered to be impaired.

During the third quarter of 2009, the Company completed its periodic valuation of trademark and trade names and determined that the book value exceeded the fair value as a result of a decline in business activity associated with this intangible asset. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment charge for the difference between the fair value and the book value of $1,167,600. Refer to Note 12, “Fair Value” for more information about the fair value calculation. This impairment is included in “Impairment of assets” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

During the first quarter of 2008, the Company decided to no longer service medical receivables on a contingent fee basis. As a result, the Company recognized an impairment charge for the net book value of intangible assets for customer contracts and relationships associated with the contingent collection business of $445,651. This impairment is recorded in “Impairment of assets” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 6, “Property and Equipment”, for further information on impairment of assets.

Goodwill and other intangible assets, with indefinite lives that are not amortized, consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
     2009    2008

Goodwill

   $ 14,323,071    $ 14,323,071

Trademark and trade names

     812,400      1,980,000
             

Total goodwill and other intangible assets

   $ 15,135,471    $ 16,303,071
             

Other intangible assets, having original estimated useful lives ranging from five to seven years consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008  

Non-compete agreements

   $ 1,000,000      $ 1,000,000   

Other intangible assets

     840,000        840,000   
                

Total other intangible assets

     1,840,000        1,840,000   

Less accumulated amortization

     (1,573,335     (1,366,883
                

Net other intangible assets

   $ 266,665      $ 473,117   
                

 

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The accumulated amortization is netted against other intangible assets, which is included in “Intangible assets, net” in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position. Amortization expense was $206,452, $242,849 and $608,927 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization at December 31, 2009 was as follows:

 

Years Ending December 31,

   Amortization
Expense

2010

   $ 200,000

2011

     66,665
      

Totals

   $ 266,665
      

Comprehensive Income

Components of comprehensive income are changes in equity other than those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Net income (loss) is the primary component of comprehensive income. Currently, the Company’s only component of comprehensive income other than net income (loss) is the change in unrealized gain or loss on derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges, net of tax. The aggregate amount of such changes to equity that have not yet been recognized in net income are reported in the equity portion of the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position as “Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax”.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments is estimated using available market information and other valuation methods. Refer to Note 12, “Fair Value” for more information.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items related to such estimates include the timing and amount of future cash collections on purchased receivables, deferred tax assets, goodwill and share-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates making it reasonably possible that a change in these estimates could occur within one year.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The following accounting pronouncements have been issued and were effective for the Company in fiscal year 2009 or will be effective for the Company after fiscal year 2009.

In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance which requires additional disclosures related to the components of the reconciliation of fair value measurements using unobservable inputs and to transfers between levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurement. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for certain provisions related to level 3 disclosures which are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

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In June 2009, the FASB established the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), or “Codification”, as the source of authoritative U.S. accounting and reporting standards for nongovernmental entities, in addition to the guidance issued by the SEC. The Codification significantly changed the way financial statement preparers, auditors, and academics perform accounting research. The Codification was effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after September 15, 2009. The Codification did not change existing U.S. GAAP, and therefore, the adoption as of September 30, 2009 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased and identifying circumstances that indicate a transaction is not orderly. This guidance was effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, and was to be applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance, as of June 30, 2009, did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance which requires disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies, as well as in annual financial statements. The guidance requires a company to disclose the fair value of all financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value, whether recognized or not recognized in the statement of financial position. This guidance was effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009, early adoption was permitted. The adoption of this guidance, as of March 31, 2009, did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In April 2008, the FASB issued guidance amending the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset. This guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The adoption of this guidance, as of January 1, 2009, did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2008, the FASB issued guidance which requires expanded disclosures regarding the location and amounts of derivative instruments in an entity’s financial statements, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. This guidance was effective for periods beginning on or after November 15, 2008. The adoption of this guidance, as of January 1, 2009, did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In September 2006, the FASB issued guidance defining fair value, establishing a framework for measuring fair value, and expanding disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance was effective for non-financial assets and liabilities that are not recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis for fiscal years, and interim periods, beginning after November 15, 2008. The adoption of this guidance, as of January 1, 2009, did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

2. Purchased Receivables and Revenue Recognition

Purchased receivables are receivables that have been charged-off as uncollectible by the originating organization and typically have been subject to previous collection efforts. The Company acquires pools of accounts which are the rights to the unrecovered balances owed by individual debtors through such purchases. The receivable portfolios are purchased at a substantial discount (generally more than 90%) from their face values due to a deterioration of credit quality since origination and are initially recorded at the Company’s acquisition cost, which equals fair value at the acquisition date. Financing for the purchases is primarily provided by the Company’s cash generated from operations and from borrowings on the Company’s revolving credit facility.

 

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The Company accounts for its investment in purchased receivables using the Interest Method when the Company has a reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows expected to be collected. The Company purchases pools of homogenous accounts receivable. Pools purchased after 2004 may be aggregated into one or more static pools within each quarter, based on common risk characteristics. Risk characteristics of purchased receivables are generally considered to be similar since purchased receivables are usually in the late stages of the post charged-off collection cycle. The Company therefore aggregates most pools purchased within each quarter. Pools purchased before 2005 may not be aggregated. Each static pool, either aggregated or non-aggregated, retains its own identity and does not change over the remainder of its life. Each static pool is accounted for as a single unit for recognition of revenue, principal payments and impairments.

Collections on each static pool are allocated to revenue and principal reduction based on an internal rate of return (“IRR”). The IRR is the rate of return that each static pool requires to amortize the cost or carrying value of the pool to zero over its estimated life. Each pool’s IRR is determined by estimating future cash flows, which are based on historical collection data for pools with similar characteristics and payer dynamics. The actual life of each pool may vary, but will generally range between 36 and 84 months depending on the expected collection period. Monthly cash flows greater than revenue recognized will reduce the carrying value of each static pool. Monthly cash flows lower than revenue recognized will increase the carrying value of each static pool. Each static pool is reviewed at least quarterly and compared to historical trends to determine whether it is performing as expected. This comparison is used to determine future estimated cash flows. If the revised cash flow estimates are greater than the original estimates, the IRR is increased prospectively to reflect the revised estimate of cash flows over the remaining life of the static pool. If the revised cash flow estimates are less than the estimates, the IRR remains unchanged and an impairment is recognized. If cash flow estimates increase in periods subsequent to recording an impairment, reversal of the previously recognized impairment is made prior to any increases to the IRR.

The cost recovery method is used when collections on a particular portfolio cannot be reasonably predicted. When appropriate, the cost recovery method may be used for pools that previously had an IRR assigned to them. Under the cost recovery method, no revenue is recognized until the Company has fully collected the cost of the portfolio. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had 50 unamortized pools on the cost recovery method, including all healthcare pools, with an aggregate carrying value of $2,271,595 or about 0.7% of the total carrying value of all purchased receivables. The Company had 62 unamortized pools on the cost recovery method with an aggregate carrying value of $9,804,318, or about 2.7% of the total carrying value of all purchased receivables as of December 31, 2008.

Agreements to purchase receivables typically include general representations and warranties from the sellers covering account holder death, bankruptcy, fraud and settled or paid accounts prior to sale. These representations and warranties permit the return of certain ineligible accounts from the Company back to the seller. The general time frame to return accounts is within 90 to 180 days from the date of the purchase agreement. Proceeds from returns, also referred to as buybacks, are applied against the carrying value of the static pool.

Although not its usual business practice, the Company may periodically sell, on a non-recourse basis, all or a portion of a pool to unaffiliated parties. The Company does not have any significant continuing involvement with the sold pools subsequent to sale. Proceeds of these sales are compared to the carrying value of the accounts and a gain or loss is recognized on the difference between proceeds received and carrying value. The agreements to sell receivables typically include general representations and warranties. Any accounts returned to the Company under these representations and warranties, during the negotiated time frame, are netted against any “Gain on sale of purchased receivables” or if they exceed the total reported gains for the period as a “Loss on sale of purchased receivables”.

 

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Changes in purchased receivables portfolios were as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008  

Beginning balance

   $ 361,808,502      $ 346,198,900   

Investment in purchased receivables, net of buybacks

     120,719,310        152,289,315   

Cost of sale of purchased receivables, net of returns

     (490     (2,365

Cash collections

     (334,030,597     (369,578,130

Purchased receivable revenues

     171,275,281        232,900,782   
                

Ending balance

   $ 319,772,006      $ 361,808,502   
                

Recently, the Company experienced shortfalls in actual cash collections versus expectations most notably on purchases made before 2007. The Company believes collections on these older vintages have been impacted to a greater extent by the challenging collections environment and because the accounts are older and the collection methods used often become less effective as accounts age. The Company continually reviews a number of factors related to forecasted cash collections. In the fourth quarter of 2009, in connection with the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2009, the Company observed a significant difference between estimated and actual cash collections, which caused the Company to perform a more in-depth review of its portfolios and their expected future performance. Based on the review, the Company now expects these older vintages to continue to underperform the previous collection forecasts. The discounted collections forecast was accounted for as a change in accounting estimate and is being recognized prospectively in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The discounted collection forecasts resulted in net impairments of $32.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2009. The impact of the net impairments was to decrease revenue and pretax income by $32.4 million, net income by $20.3 million and both basic and fully diluted earnings per share by $0.66.

Accretable yield represents the amount of revenue the Company expects over the remaining life of existing portfolios. Nonaccretable yield represents the difference between the remaining expected cash flows and the total contractual obligation outstanding (face value) of purchased receivables. Changes in accretable yield were as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008  

Beginning balance(1)

   $ 534,985,144      $ 559,605,071   

Revenue recognized on purchased receivables, net

     (171,275,281     (232,900,782

Additions due to purchases

     202,468,909        188,759,459   

Reclassifications (to) from nonaccretable yield

     (99,979,051     19,521,396   
                

Ending balance(1)

   $ 466,199,721      $ 534,985,144   
                

 

(1)

Accretable yields are a function of estimated remaining cash flows and are based on historical cash collections. Refer to forward-looking statements within Item 1A. “Risk Factors” on page 14 and Critical Accounting Policies on page 50 for further information regarding these estimates.

Cash collections include collections from fully amortized pools of which 100% of the collections were reported as revenue. Components of cash collections from fully amortized pools were as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2009    2008    2007

Fully amortized before the end of their expected life

   $ 22,960,625    $ 30,689,189    $ 21,138,942

Fully amortized after the end of their expected life

     28,933,883      41,845,346      55,476,980

Accounted under the cost recovery method

     11,266,330      6,090,186      5,419,519
                    

Total cash collections from fully amortized pools

   $ 63,160,838    $ 78,624,721    $ 82,035,441
                    

 

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Changes in purchased receivables portfolios under the cost recovery method were as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008  

Portfolios under the cost recovery method:

    

Beginning balance

   $ 9,804,318      $ 26,991,102   

Addition of portfolios

     805,898        5,253,839   

Buybacks, impairments and resale adjustments

     (1,016,913     (1,885,496

Cash collections until fully amortized

     (7,321,708     (20,555,127
                

Ending balance

   $ 2,271,595      $ 9,804,318   
                

During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded net impairments of $49,504,754, $13,040,736 and $24,393,500, respectively, related to its purchased receivables. The net impairments reduced revenue and the carrying value of the purchased receivable portfolios.

Changes in the purchased receivables valuation allowance were as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Beginning balance

   $ 71,949,326      $ 62,091,755      $ 39,714,055   

Impairments

     50,274,254        16,112,536        25,939,000   

Reversal of impairments

     (769,500     (3,071,800     (1,545,500

Deductions(1)

     (17,037,625     (3,183,165     (2,015,800
                        

Ending balance

   $ 104,416,455      $ 71,949,326      $ 62,091,755   
                        

 

(1)

Deductions represent impairments on purchased receivable portfolios that became fully amortized during the period and, therefore, the balance is removed from the valuation allowance since it can no longer be reversed.

3. Recapitalization

On April 24, 2007, the Company announced a recapitalization plan (the “Recapitalization Plan”) to return $150,000,000 to the Company’s shareholders. Pursuant to the Recapitalization Plan, on June 12, 2007, the Company completed a modified “Dutch auction” tender offer, resulting in the repurchase of 1,982,250 of the Company’s common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $37,167,188, or $18.75 per share.

On June 28, 2007, under a repurchase agreement announced on April 24, 2007, the Company purchased shares from (i) its largest shareholder, (ii) its then Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and (iii) its Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. These shareholders elected not to tender any shares in the tender offer and the repurchase agreement allowed them to maintain their pro rata beneficial ownership interest in the Company after giving effect to the tender offer and purchases under the repurchase agreement. The Company repurchased 2,017,750 common shares from these shareholders for an aggregate price of $37,832,813, or $18.75 per share.

On June 18, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a special one-time cash dividend of $2.45 per share, or $74,891,700 in aggregate, which was paid on July 31, 2007 to holders of record on July 19, 2007.

In order to fund these transactions, the Company obtained a $150,000,000 term loan through a credit agreement aggregating $250,000,000, which was funded on June 12, 2007, and terminated its former credit agreement. Refer to Note 4, “Notes Payable” for further information.

 

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As a result of the payment of the special one-time cash dividend, the Company adjusted the number of deferred stock units outstanding under the Company’s 2004 stock incentive plan, as amended, and also changed the exercise price and number of outstanding stock options issued under the 2004 stock incentive plan, as amended, in order to avoid dilution to holders of the deferred stock units and outstanding stock options. Refer to Note 9, “Share-Based Compensation” for further information.

During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company incurred $1,100,085 in transaction costs associated with the Dutch auction tender offer and recorded these costs as a reduction in stockholders’ equity. In addition, the Company incurred $2,315,088 in fees related to the new credit agreement, which were recorded as a deferred financing cost and included in “Other assets” in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position.

4. Notes Payable

The Company’s credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders named therein, originated on June 5, 2007 and was amended on March 10, 2008 and October 27, 2009 (the “Credit Agreement”). Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Company has a five-year $100,000,000 revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and a six-year $150,000,000 term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility” and, together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). The Credit Facilities bear interest at 150 to 250 basis points over prime depending upon the Company’s liquidity, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Alternately, at the Company’s discretion, the Company may borrow by entering into one, two, three, six or twelve-month contracts based on the London Inter Bank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) at rates between 250 to 350 basis points over the respective LIBOR, depending on the Company’s liquidity. The Company’s Revolving Credit Facility includes an accordion loan feature that allows it to request a $25,000,000 increase as well as sublimits for $10,000,000 of letters of credit and for $10,000,000 of swingline loans. The amended Credit Agreement is secured by a first priority lien on all of the Company’s assets. The amended Credit Agreement also contains certain covenants and restrictions that the Company must comply with, which, as of December 31, 2009 were:

 

   

Leverage Ratio (as defined) cannot exceed (i) 1.5 to 1.0 at any time on or before December 30, 2011 or (ii) 1.25 to 1.0 at any time thereafter;

 

   

Ratio of Consolidated Total Liabilities to Consolidated Tangible Net Worth (as defined) cannot exceed (i) 2.5 to 1.0 at any time on or before December 30, 2011, (ii) 2.25 to 1.0 at any time on or after December 31, 2011 and on or before March 30, 2012, or (iii) 2.0 to 1.0 at any time thereafter; and

 

   

Consolidated Tangible Net Worth (as defined) must equal or exceed $85,000,000 plus 50% of positive consolidated net income for three consecutive fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2007 and for each fiscal year ending thereafter, such amount to be added as of December 31, 2007 and as of the end of each such fiscal year thereafter.

The amended Credit Agreement contains a provision that requires the Company to repay Excess Cash Flow (as defined) to reduce the indebtedness outstanding under its Credit Agreement. The annual repayment of the Company’s Excess Cash Flow was first effective with the issuance of its audited consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 2008, and the Company made the required payment of $2,427,486 in March 2009. The Excess Cash Flow is generally due within 10 days of the issuance of the annual financial statements. The repayment provisions are:

 

   

50% of the Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal year if the Leverage Ratio was greater than 1.0 to 1.0 as of the end of such fiscal year;

 

   

25% of the Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal year if the Leverage Ratio was less than or equal to 1.0 to 1.0 but greater than 0.875 to 1.0 as of the end of such fiscal year; or

 

   

0% if the Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 0.875 to 1.0 as of the end of such fiscal year.

 

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The Company has a required prepayment of approximately $9,000,000 of principal on its Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2009. This prepayment is related to the excess cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Commitment fees on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility are paid quarterly, in arrears, and are calculated as an amount equal to a margin of 0.50% on the average amount available on the Revolving Credit Facility.

The Credit Agreement requires the Company to effectively cap, collar or exchange interest rates on a notional amount of at least 25% of the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan Facility. Refer to Note 5, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management” for additional information.

The Company had $160,022,514 and $181,550,000 of borrowings outstanding on its Credit Facilities at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, of which $143,822,514 and $147,750,000 was outstanding on the Term Loan Facility, respectively, and $16,200,000 and $33,800,000 was outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility, respectively. The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly repayments totaling $1,500,000 annually until March 2013 with the remaining balance due in June 2013. The weighted average interest rates on the amount outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 2008 were 5.69% and 5.62%, respectively.

The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2009.

5. Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Risk Management

The Company may periodically enter into derivative financial instruments, typically interest rate swap agreements, to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable-rate debt and their impact on earnings and cash flows. The Company does not utilize derivative financial instruments with a level of complexity or with a risk greater than the exposure to be managed nor does it enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The Company periodically reviews the creditworthiness of the swap counterparty to assess the counterparty’s ability to honor its obligation.

The Company records derivative financial instruments at fair value. Refer to Note 12, “Fair Value” for additional information. Counterparty default would further expose the Company to fluctuations in variable interest rates.

Derivative Financial Instruments

In September 2007, the Company entered into an amortizing interest rate swap agreement whereby, on a quarterly basis, it swaps variable rates under its Term Loan Facility for fixed rates. At inception and for the first year, the notional amount of the swap was $125,000,000. Every year thereafter, on the anniversary of the swap agreement the notional amount decreases by $25,000,000. As of December 31, 2009, the notional amount was $75,000,000. This swap agreement expires on September 13, 2012.

The Company’s financial derivative instrument is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge. The effective portion of the gain or loss is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. To the extent that the hedging relationship is not effective, the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in interest expense. Hedges that receive designated hedge accounting treatment are evaluated for effectiveness at the time that they are designated as well as throughout the hedging period. As of December 31, 2009, the Company did not have any fair value hedges.

 

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Changes in fair value are recorded as an adjustment to OCI, net of tax. Amounts in OCI will be reclassified into earnings under certain situations; for example, if the occurrence of the transaction is no longer probable or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. In these situations, all or a portion of the transaction would be ineffective. The Company does not expect to reclassify any material amount currently included in OCI into earnings due to ineffectiveness within the next twelve months.

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments:

 

    

December 31, 2009

  

December 31, 2008

    

Financial

Position Location

   Fair Value   

Financial

Position Location

   Fair Value

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

           

Interest rate swap

  

Accrued liabilities

   $ 4,673,159   

Accrued liabilities

   $ 7,243,574
                   

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments

      $ 4,673,159       $ 7,243,574
                   

The following tables summarize the impact of derivative instruments:

 

Derivatives - cash

flow hedging

  Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in OCI
(Effective Portion)
   

Location of

Gain

(Loss)

Reclassified
from
Accumulated

OCI into
Income
(Effective

Portion)

  Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified
from Accumulated OCI into Income

(Effective Portion)
 

Location

of

Gain

(Loss)

Recognized in
Income on
Derivative
(Ineffective

Portion

and

Amount

Excluded

from
Effectiveness
Testing)

  Amount of
Gain (Loss)
Recognized in
Income
(Ineffective
Portion and
Amount Excluded
from Effectiveness
Testing)
  Years Ended
December 31,
      Years Ended
December 31,
    Years Ended
December 31,
    2009     2008     2007         2009     2008     2007       2009   2008   2007

Interest rate swap

  $ (1,111,398   $ (6,113,779   $ (2,889,615  

Interest expense

  $ (3,681,813   $ (1,996,208   $ 236,388  

Interest Expense

  $ 2,366   $ 2,642   $ 4,935
                                                                   

Total

  $ (1,111,398   $ (6,113,779   $ (2,889,615  

Total

  $ (3,681,813   $ (1,996,208   $ 236,388  

Total

  $ 2,366   $ 2,642   $ 4,935
                                                                   

6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008  

Computers and software

   $ 19,453,679      $ 15,341,320   

Furniture and fixtures

     6,096,969        6,593,794   

Leasehold improvements

     2,456,788        2,264,658   

Office equipment

     4,087,986        3,746,577   

Equipment under capital leases

     278,459          
                

Total property and equipment, at cost

     32,373,881        27,946,349   

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     (17,852,215     (15,419,532
                

Net property and equipment

   $ 14,521,666      $ 12,526,817   
                

Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Material leasehold improvements are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining life of the lease. The Company records depreciation and amortization expense on a straight-line basis with lives ranging from three to ten years. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company decided to discontinue the implementation of a software product. As a result, the

 

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Company recognized an impairment charge of $170,692, the amount previously invested to implement this software product, in “Impairment of assets” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Refer to “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” within Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further information on additional impairment of assets and amortization of intangible assets. Depreciation and amortization expense was $3,901,183, $3,711,953 and $3,666,005 for property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

The Company capitalizes qualifying computer software development costs. Costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the software’s useful life on a straight-line basis, beginning when the project is completed. Costs associated with preliminary project stage activities, training, maintenance and all other post implementation stage activities are expensed as incurred. The Company’s policy provides for the capitalization of certain direct payroll costs for employees who are directly associated with internal use computer software projects, as well as external direct costs of services associated with developing or obtaining internal use software, including interest expense. Capitalizable personnel costs are limited to the time directly spent on such projects. For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company capitalized $220,559 and $257,443, respectively, of these direct payroll costs related to software developed for internal use.

7. Associate Benefits

The Company maintains a defined contribution profit sharing plan with 401(k) features for substantially all associates. Associates may contribute up to the annual maximum amount determined by the Internal Revenue Service ($16,500 for 2009 plus an additional $5,500 “catch-up” for eligible associates) to the plan each year. Effective January 1, 2007, the Company amended its plan to provide a match for each eligible participant’s salary deferrals. The Company matched 100% on the first 3% contributed by each participant’s salary deferrals and matched 50% on the next 3% contributed by each participant’s salary deferrals until the match was suspended in September 2009. The Company’s related expense was $1,125,100, $1,817,208 and $1,868,280 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. There was no unpaid contribution as of December 31, 2009. The unpaid contribution was $116,002 as of December 31, 2008. The unpaid contribution is included in “Accrued liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position.

The Company is self-insured for health and prescription drug benefits. The Company recognized expense for health and prescription drug benefits, related administration, stop-loss insurance and other employee related insurance premiums of $7,626,312, $7,835,525 and $7,850,823 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expense is based on actual and estimated claims incurred. Accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position include $633,000, $540,000 and $701,000 for estimated health and prescription drug benefits incurred but not paid as of December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

8. Restructuring Charges

The Company recognizes costs associated with exit or disposal activities, including associate termination benefits, contract termination costs and other costs to consolidate or close facilities and relocate associates.

On March 1, 2007, the Company announced plans to close its White Marsh, Maryland and Wixom, Michigan offices in order to eliminate excess office capacity and to increase efficiency. In conjunction with these office closures, the Company incurred $906,497 in restructuring charges, including one-time associate termination benefits of $361,021, contract termination costs of $470,975 for the remaining lease payments on the Wixom, Michigan office, and other exit costs of $74,501. On August 31, 2007, the Company concluded the sale of the White Marsh, Maryland office, which included the sale of tangible and intangible assets for $271,308. There were no restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2009 or 2008.

 

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9. Share-Based Compensation

The Company adopted a stock incentive plan (the “Stock Incentive Plan”) during February 2004 that authorizes the use of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock grants and units, performance share awards and annual incentive awards to eligible key associates, non-associate directors and consultants. The Company reserved 3,700,000 shares of common stock for issuance in conjunction with share-based awards to be granted under the plan of which 2,381,376 shares remain available to be granted as of December 31, 2009. The purpose of the plan is (i) to promote the best interests of the Company and its stockholders by encouraging associates and other participants to acquire an ownership interest in the Company, thus aligning their interests with those of stockholders and (ii) to enhance the ability of the Company to attract and retain qualified associates, non-associate directors and consultants. No participant may be granted options during any one fiscal year to purchase more than 500,000 shares of common stock.

The Company amended its Stock Incentive Plan in May 2007 to expand an anti-dilution provision of the plan. The additional compensation expense resulting from the amendment to the Stock Incentive Plan for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $526,757.

As discussed in Note 3, “Recapitalization” the Company commenced a recapitalization transaction, including declaration of a special one-time cash dividend, in the second quarter of 2007. The payment of the special one-time cash dividend resulted in an increase in the number of deferred stock units outstanding and a change to the exercise price and number of outstanding stock options under the anti-dilution provisions of the Stock Incentive Plan. The methodology used to adjust the awards was consistent with Internal Revenue Code Section 409A and 424 and the proposed regulations promulgated thereunder, compliance with which was necessary to avoid adverse tax consequences for the holders of awards. Such methodology also resulted in the fair value of the adjusted awards post-dividend to be equal to that of the unadjusted awards pre-dividend, which required no additional compensation expense in accordance with accounting for modifications to shared-based compensation awards.

Based on historical experience, the Company uses an annual forfeiture rate of 15% for associate grants. Grants made to non-associate directors have no forfeiture rates associated with them due to immediate vesting of grants to this group. Total share-based compensation expense recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations was $1,328,402, $1,305,298 and $1,458,768 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The total tax benefit related to the Stock Incentive Plan was $496,096, $497,420 and $554,457 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

The Company’s share-based compensation arrangements are described below.

Stock Options

The Company utilizes the Whaley Quadratic approximation model, an intrinsic value method, to calculate the fair value of the stock awards on the date of grant using the assumptions noted in the following table. Changes to the subjective input assumptions can result in different fair market value estimates. With regard to the Company’s assumptions stated below, the expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock and management’s estimate of the volatility over the contractual term of the options. The expected term of the options are based on management’s estimate of the period of time for which the options are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is derived from the five-year U.S. Treasury yield curve on the date of grant.

 

Options issue year:

   2009     2008     2007  

Expected volatility

   51.37%-54.53   46.50   45.30%-46.92

Expected dividends

   0.00   0.00   0.00

Expected term

   5 Years      5 Years      5 Years   

Risk-free rate

   1.98%-2.06   3.09   3.42%-4.98

 

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As of December 31, 2009, the Company had options outstanding for 930,417 shares of its common stock under the Stock Incentive Plan. These options have been granted to key associates and non-associate directors of the Company. Option awards are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant and have contractual terms ranging from seven to ten years. The options granted to key associates generally vest between one and five years from the grant date whereas the options granted to non-associate directors generally vest immediately. The fair value of stock options is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

The related compensation expense was as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2009    2008    2007(3)

Administrative expenses(1)

   $ 166,937    $ 205,045    $ 1,086,378

Salaries and benefits(2)

     355,046      295,743      195,078
                    

Total

   $ 521,983    $ 500,788    $ 1,281,456
                    

 

(1)

Administrative expenses include amounts for non-associate directors.

 

(2)

Salaries and benefits include amounts for associates.

 

(3)

Included in these expenses is $476,266 in administrative expenses and $50,491 in salaries and benefits expense relating to the 2007 amendment to the Stock Incentive Plan.

The following table summarizes all stock option transactions from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009:

 

    Options
Outstanding
    Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
  Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
  Aggregate
Intrinsic

Value
              (in years)    

Beginning balance

  712,991      $ 13.89    

Granted

  243,229        4.40    

Forfeited or expired

  (25,803     9.41    
           

Outstanding at December 31, 2009

  930,417        11.54   6.53   $ 632,303
                 

Exercisable at December 31, 2009

  613,079      $ 14.38   6.45   $
                 

The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $2.06, $5.86 and $4.94 (as adjusted for the special one-time cash dividend paid on July 31, 2007), respectively. No options were exercised during 2009, 2008 and 2007.

As of December 31, 2009, there was $758,128 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock options granted under the stock incentive plan, which is comprised of $693,423 for options expected to vest and $64,705 for options not expected to vest. Unrecognized compensation expense for options expected to vest is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.17 years.

Deferred Stock Units

As of December 31, 2009, the Company had granted 39,721 deferred stock units (“DSUs”) of its common stock to non-associate directors under the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan. DSUs represent the Company’s obligation to deliver one share of common stock for each unit at a later date elected by the non-associate director, such as when his or her board service ends. DSUs vest immediately upon grant and are not subject to forfeiture. DSUs do not have voting rights but would receive common stock dividend equivalents in the form of additional DSUs. The value of each DSU is equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant.

 

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The fair value of DSUs granted is expensed immediately to correspond with the vesting schedule. The related expense for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 included $87,512, $125,019 and $120,533, respectively, and is included in “Administrative Expenses” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes all DSU related transactions from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009:

 

     DSUs    Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

Beginning balance

   23,681    $ 10.37

Granted

   16,040      5.46
       

Ending balance

   39,721    $ 8.39
       

There was no unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested DSUs as of December 31, 2009.

Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units

The Company grants restricted shares and restricted share units (restricted shares and restricted share units are referred to as “RSUs”) to key associates and non-associate directors under the Stock Incentive Plan. Each RSU is equal to one share of the Company’s common stock. The value of the RSUs is equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant.

The RSUs granted to associates generally vest over two to four years based upon service or performance conditions. RSUs granted to non-associate directors generally vest when the non-associate director terminates his or her board service. Of the RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2009, 68,750 will vest contingent on the attainment of performance conditions.

The fair value of the RSUs is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the number of RSUs expected to vest. For RSUs with performance conditions, if goals are not expected to be met, the compensation expense previously recognized is reversed. The related compensation expense, net of reversals, was as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2009    2008    2007

Administrative expenses(1)

   $ 114,823    $ 154,147    $

Salaries and benefits(2)

     604,084      525,344      56,779
                    

Total

   $ 718,907    $ 679,491    $ 56,779
                    

 

(1)

Administrative expenses include amounts for non-associate directors.

 

(2)

Salaries and benefits include amounts for associates.

The Company issues shares of common stock for RSUs as they vest. The following table summarizes all RSU related transactions from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009:

 

Nonvested RSUs

   RSUs     Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

Beginning balance

   224,610      $ 10.27

Granted

   127,163        4.10

Vested and Issued

   (50,580     10.88

Forfeited

   (68,242     5.66
        

Ending balance

   232,951      $ 8.12
        

 

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As of December 31, 2009, there was $1,407,774 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested RSUs, which is comprised of $651,243 for RSUs expected to vest and $756,531 for RSUs not expected to vest. Unrecognized compensation expense for RSUs expected to vest is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.06 years.

10. Contingencies

Litigation Contingencies

The Company is involved in certain legal matters that management considers incidental to its business. The Company recognizes liabilities for contingencies and commitments when a loss is probable and estimable. The Company recognizes expense for defense costs when incurred. Management has evaluated pending and threatened litigation against the Company as of December 31, 2009 and does not believe the exposure to be material.

Registration Rights Agreement

The Company has a registration rights agreement with certain stockholders. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company will pay all costs related to any secondary securities offering requested by these stockholders and the stockholders may sell any outstanding shares owned by them. The Company filed a registration statement on behalf of one of the selling stockholders in 2008 to register 10,932,051 shares of common stock held by the stockholder and paid $45,246 in costs related to the registration statement. The selling stockholders collectively retain the right to request two additional registrations of specified shares under the registration rights agreement, in which case, the Company will be required to bear applicable offering expenses in the period in which any future offering occurs.

11. Long-Term Commitments

Leases

The Company has several operating leases, primarily for office space. The leases expire at various dates through 2016, before consideration of renewal options. The total amount of rental payments due over the lease term are charged to rent expense using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. The difference between rent expense recorded and the amount paid is credited or charged to “Deferred rent”, which is included in “Accrued liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position. Total rent expense related to operating leases was $6,178,355, $6,134,193 and $7,406,696 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments under operating and capital leases, together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments related to capital leases, as of December 31, 2009:

 

     Operating
Leases
   Capital
Leases
 

Years ending December 31:

     

2010

   $ 5,271,040    $ 110,157   

2011

     4,930,576      113,648   

2012

     4,552,094      113,648   

2013

     4,188,049      3,492   

2014

     4,239,939        

2015 and thereafter

     5,412,873        
               

Total minimum lease payments

   $ 28,594,571      340,945   
         

Less amount representing interest

        (62,486
           

Present value of net minimum lease payments

      $ 278,459   
           

 

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Other Long-Term Commitments

The Company’s Term Loan Facility requires quarterly repayments totaling $1,500,000 annually until March 2013 with the remaining balance due in June 2013. To the extent that a balance is outstanding on the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility, it would be due in June 2012, or earlier as defined in the Credit Agreement. Refer to Note 4, “Notes Payable”, for more details about the Company’s Credit Facilities. The Company has contractual interest due on derivative instruments totaling $6,589,462 through September 2012.

Employment Agreements

The Company has three employment agreements with certain executive members of management. Such agreements call for the payment of base compensation, bonuses based on achievement and certain benefits, such as medical insurance. All three employment agreements automatically renew on their expiration date for one year unless the executive or the Company terminates the employment agreement in writing. The agreements also include confidentiality and non-compete provisions, and provide for compensation after separation under certain circumstances, including a change of control.

Forward Flow Agreements

The Company is party to several forward flow agreements that allow for the purchase of defaulted consumer receivables at pre-established prices. The expected remaining purchase price of receivables to be acquired under existing forward flow agreements at December 31, 2009 was $43,311,000.

12. Fair Value

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

 

Level 1

 

 

Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2

 

 

Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3

 

 

Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

Interest Rate Swap Agreement

 

     Total Recorded Fair
Value at
December 31, 2009
   Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
      Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets

(Level 1)
   Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs

(Level 2)
   Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(Level 3)

Interest rate swap liability

   $ 4,673,159       $ 4,673,159   

The fair value of the interest rate swap represents the amount the Company would pay to terminate or otherwise settle the contract at financial position date, taking into consideration current unearned gains and losses. The fair value was determined using a market approach, and is based on the three-month LIBOR curve for the remaining term of the swap agreement. Refer to Note 5, “Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management”, for additional information about the fair value of the interest rate swap.

 

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and certain intangible assets not subject to amortization are assessed annually for impairment using fair value measurement techniques. Specifically, goodwill impairment is determined using a two-step test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test is used to identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its book value, goodwill is considered not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is unnecessary. If the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the book value of that goodwill. If the book value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. That is, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid to acquire the reporting unit.

The estimate of fair value of the Company’s goodwill is determined using various valuation techniques including market capitalization, which is a Level 1 input, and an analysis of discounted cash flows, which includes Level 3 inputs. At the time of the annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2009, market capitalization was substantially higher than book value and goodwill was considered not to be impaired. A discounted cash flow analysis was also performed. A discounted cash flow analysis requires various judgmental assumptions including assumptions about future cash flows, growth rates, and discount rates. The Company based assumptions about future cash flows and growth rates on its budget and long-term plans. Discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of the risk inherent in the reporting unit. The fair value of goodwill using a market capitalization approach and a discounted cash flow analysis exceeded the book value as of December 31, 2009.

The annual impairment test for other intangible assets not subject to amortization, for example, trademark and trade names, consists of a comparison of the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The estimates of fair value of intangible assets not subject to amortization are determined using various discounted cash flow valuation methodologies, which include Level 3 inputs. Significant assumptions are inherent in this process, including estimates of discount rates and future cash flows. Discount rate assumptions are based on an assessment of the risk inherent in the respective intangible assets, and include estimates of the cost of debt and equity for market participants in the Company’s industry. The Company performed a discounted cash flow analysis of its trademark and trade names as of September 30, 2009 and determined that the carrying value exceeded the fair value. The Company recorded an impairment of $1,167,600 which is included in “Impairment of assets” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The following disclosures are made to disclose the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, which are not measured at fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Purchased Receivables

The Company initially records purchased receivables at cost, which is discounted from the contractual receivable balance. The balance of purchased receivables is reduced as cash is received. The carrying value of receivables was $319,772,006 and $361,808,502 at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Company computes the fair value of these receivables by discounting the estimated future cash flows generated by its forecasting model using an adjusted weighted-average cost of capital. The fair value of the purchased receivables approximated the carrying value at both December 31, 2009 and 2008.

 

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Credit Facilities

The Company’s Credit Facilities had carrying amounts of $160,022,514 and $181,550,000 as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Company computed the approximate fair value of the Credit Facilities to be approximately $153,600,000 and $148,600,000 as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The fair value of the Company’s Credit Facilities is estimated based on quoted market prices, current market rates for similar debt with approximately the same remaining maturities or discounted cash flow models utilizing current market rates.

13. Income Taxes

The Company recorded an income tax (benefit) provision of $(9,757,449), $9,680,968 and $12,511,803 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The provision for income taxes reflects an effective income tax rate of 37.3%, 38.1% and 38.0% for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

The components of income tax (benefit) expense consisted of the following:

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2009     2008    2007

Federal deferred

   $ (6,930,779   $ 5,478,063    $ 626,079

Federal current

     (2,227,444     3,131,841      10,884,146

State deferred

     (875,473     291,991      20,258

State current

     276,247        779,073      981,320
                     

Total

   $ (9,757,449   $ 9,680,968    $ 12,511,803
                     

Tax (benefit) expense differs from the application of statutory rates to pretax (loss) income. The reconciliation of income tax (benefit) expense and the statutory rates is set forth below:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  

Federal tax (benefit) expense at statutory rate

   $ (9,167,041   $ 8,891,457      $ 11,595,084   

State income tax (benefit) expense

     (582,480     797,689        918,506   

Other adjustments

     (7,928     (8,178     (1,787
                        

Effective income tax (benefit) expense

   $ (9,757,449   $ 9,680,968      $ 12,511,803   
                        

The Company uses a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition of a tax position taken in a tax return. The changes in unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
           2009                 2008        

Beginning balance

   $ 895,845      $ 778,663   

Increases in positions taken in current year

     53,542        45,578   

Increases in positions taken in prior years

     45,578        75,306   

Decrease in positions taken in current year

            (3,702

Decrease in positions taken in prior years

     (233       
                

Ending balance

   $ 994,732      $ 895,845   
                

As of December 31, 2009, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $994,732 that, if recognized, would result in a net tax benefit of $646,576, which would favorably effect the Company’s effective tax rate. It is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will not change significantly in the next twelve months.

 

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Income tax (benefit) expense includes interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions. The accrual related to interest and penalties related to the Company’s uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2009 and 2008 was approximately $140,000 and $95,000, respectively.

The corporate federal income tax returns of the Company for 2006, 2007 and 2008 are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, generally for three years after the latter of their extended due date or when they are filed. The state income tax returns and other state tax filings of the Company are subject to examination by the state taxing authorities, for various periods generally up to four years after they are filed.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and the reported amounts in the financial statements.

At December 31, 2009, one of the Company’s subsidiaries, which prior to September 1, 2009 was a separate entity for tax purposes, had a net operating loss carryforward of approximately $5,200,000. Due to separate return limitation year rules, this loss cannot be carried back, but may be carried forward for 20 years and will expire beginning in 2028.

The tax effect of temporary differences that gave rise to the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,
2009
   December 31,
2008

Deferred tax assets:

     

Stock options

   $ 2,071,462    $ 1,790,545

Net operating loss carryforward

     1,837,420      879,689

Interest rate swap agreement

     1,717,708      2,578,712

Accrued expenses

     1,430,461      1,605,142

Charge-off adjustment

     691,964      667,075

Intangible assets

     232,231      233,504

Other

     823,787      773,505
             

Total

     8,805,033      8,528,172
             

Deferred tax liabilities:

     

Purchased receivables revenue recognition

     61,387,862      68,088,077

Property and equipment

     1,523,249      1,635,662

Special tax basis adjustment

     914,932      733,035

Transaction costs

     883,897      711,478

Prepaid expenses

     303,673      376,736

Deferred revenue

     92,967      927,737

Other

     1,223,207      525,449
             

Total

     66,329,787      72,998,174
             

Net deferred tax liabilities

   $ 57,524,754    $ 64,470,002
             

 

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14. Selected Quarterly Operating Results (unaudited)

The following tables set forth a summary of the Company’s consolidated results on a quarterly basis for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008. The information for each of these quarters is unaudited and, in the Company’s opinion, has been prepared on a basis consistent with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. This information includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments the Company considered necessary for a fair presentation of this information when read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. Results of operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year or any future periods.

Quarterly Financial Data

 

     Quarter  
     First    Second    Third     Fourth  

2009

          

Total revenues

   $ 56,991,198    $ 49,081,953    $ 47,673,821      $ 18,740,629   

Total operating expenses

     47,001,669      45,060,679      48,097,751        48,513,584   

Income (loss) from operations

     9,989,529      4,021,274      (423,930     (29,772,955

Net income (loss)

     4,602,144      842,287      (1,641,668     (20,236,860

Total comprehensive income (loss)

     5,071,834      1,544,518      (1,473,973     (19,867,065

Weighted average number of shares:

          

Basic

     30,610,988      30,623,320      30,642,866        30,657,948   

Diluted

     30,624,101      30,711,491      30,642,866        30,657,948   

Earnings (loss) per common share outstanding:

          

Basic

   $ 0.15    $ 0.03    $ (0.05   $ (0.66

Diluted

   $ 0.15    $ 0.03    $ (0.05   $ (0.66
     Quarter  
     First    Second    Third     Fourth  

2008

          

Total revenues

   $ 64,354,730    $ 56,479,499    $ 58,353,763      $ 55,024,324   

Total operating expenses

     50,102,324      49,675,339      50,084,817        45,975,626   

Income from operations

     14,252,406      6,804,160      8,268,946        9,048,698   

Net income

     6,777,824      2,124,158      3,039,979        3,781,235   

Total comprehensive income

     4,603,816      4,240,849      2,973,212        1,252,584   

Weighted average number of shares:

          

Basic

     30,553,019      30,561,421      30,570,423        30,579,066   

Diluted

     30,565,690      30,606,807      30,614,701        30,581,939   

Earnings per common share outstanding:

          

Basic

   $ 0.22    $ 0.07    $ 0.10      $ 0.12   

Diluted

   $ 0.22    $ 0.07    $ 0.10      $ 0.12   

 

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Quarterly Changes in Valuation Allowance for Purchased Receivables

 

     Quarter  
2009    First     Second     Third     Fourth  

Beginning balance

   $ 71,949,326      $ 73,685,026      $ 80,216,255      $ 72,585,455   

Impairments

     3,791,000        7,144,000        6,916,938        32,422,317   

Reversal of impairments

     (341,700     (298,000     (129,800       

Deductions(1)

     (1,713,600     (314,771     (14,417,938     (591,317
                                

Ending balance

   $ 73,685,026      $ 80,216,255      $ 72,585,455      $ 104,416,455   
                                
     Quarter  
2008    First     Second     Third     Fourth  

Beginning balance

   $ 62,091,755      $ 61,239,905      $ 66,185,655      $ 68,892,455   

Impairments

     1,795,533        5,810,417        3,544,000        4,962,586   

Reversal of impairments

     (1,411,250     (841,250     (459,200     (360,100

Deductions(1)

     (1,236,133     (23,417     (378,000     (1,545,615
                                

Ending balance

   $ 61,239,905      $ 66,185,655      $ 68,892,455      $ 71,949,326   
                                

 

(1)

Deductions represent impairments on purchased receivable portfolios that became fully amortized during the period and, therefore, the balance is removed from the valuation allowance since it can no longer be reversed.

 

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