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8-K - FORM 8-K - PostRock Energy Corph70087e8vk.htm
EX-3.1 - EX-3.1 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv3w1.htm
EX-10.8 - EX-10.8 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w8.htm
EX-10.6 - EX-10.6 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w6.htm
EX-10.4 - EX-10.4 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w4.htm
EX-10.9 - EX-10.9 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w9.htm
EX-10.3 - EX-10.3 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w3.htm
EX-10.7 - EX-10.7 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w7.htm
EX-10.2 - EX-10.2 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w2.htm
EX-10.5 - EX-10.5 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w5.htm
EX-10.1 - EX-10.1 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w1.htm
EX-10.14 - EX-10.14 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w14.htm
EX-10.10 - EX-10.10 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w10.htm
EX-10.12 - EX-10.12 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w12.htm
EX-10.11 - EX-10.11 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w11.htm
EX-10.13 - EX-10.13 - PostRock Energy Corph70087exv10w13.htm
Exhibit 3.2
BYLAWS
of
POSTROCK ENERGY CORPORATION
(hereinafter called the “Corporation”)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
     1.1 Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any successor statute (the “DGCL”) to be maintained in the State of Delaware shall be the registered office named in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as it may be amended or restated in accordance with the DGCL from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), or such other office as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”). Should the Corporation maintain a principal office within the State of Delaware, such registered office need not be identical to such principal office of the Corporation.
     1.2 Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may determine from time to time or as the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
     2.1 Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Subject to applicable law, the Board of Directors may elect to postpone any previously scheduled meeting of stockholders.
     2.2 Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of the stockholders, for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may be properly brought before the meeting, shall be held at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors shall fix and set forth in the notice of the meeting. At the annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the annual meeting as set forth in Section 2.8 and Section 3.5 hereof. Failure to hold the annual meeting at the designated time or otherwise shall not affect otherwise valid corporate acts or work a forfeiture or dissolution of the Corporation.
     2.3 Special Meetings. Except as otherwise required by law, or by or pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time only (i) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there is one, (ii) by the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, (iii) by the Board of Directors or (iv) upon the

 


 

request of at least three directors of the Corporation, and no such special meeting may be called by any other person or persons.
     2.4 Notice of Meeting. Written notice of all stockholder meetings stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered in accordance with Section 7.3 not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting, by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer or Secretary of the Corporation or the person or persons calling such meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Notice of any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation need not be given to any stockholder of the Corporation (a) if waived by him in writing in accordance with Section 7.3 hereof or (b) to whom (i) notice of two consecutive annual meetings, and all notices of meetings or of the taking of action by written consent without a meeting to such person during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (ii) all, and at least two, payments (if sent by first-class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a 12-month period, in either case (i) or (ii) above, have been mailed addressed to such person at such person’s address as shown on the records of the Corporation and have been returned undeliverable; provided, however, that the exception in (b)(i) shall not be applicable to any notice returned as undeliverable if the notice was given by electronic transmission. If any person to whom notice need not be given in accordance with clause (b) of the immediately preceding sentence shall deliver to the Corporation a written notice setting forth such person’s then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such person shall be reinstated. Attendance at a meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when a stockholder of the Corporation attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting (and so expresses such objection at the beginning of the meeting) to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
     2.5 Registered Holders of Shares; Closing of Share Transfer Records; Record Date.
     (a) Registered Holders as Owners. The Corporation may regard the person in whose name any shares issued by the Corporation are registered in the stock transfer records of the Corporation at any particular time (including, without limitation, as of a record date fixed pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section 2.5) as the owner of those shares at that time for purposes of voting those shares, receiving distributions thereon or notices in respect thereof, transferring those shares, exercising rights of dissent with respect to those shares, entering into agreements with respect to those shares, or giving proxies with respect to those shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by law; and neither the Corporation nor any of its officers, directors, employees or agents shall be liable for regarding that person as the owner of those shares at that time for those purposes, regardless of whether that person possesses a certificate for those shares.
     (b) Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise any rights of change, conversion or exchange of stock or for any other purpose, the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the record date for any such determination of

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stockholders, such date in any case to be not more than 60 days and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten days, prior to the date on which the particular action requiring such determination of stockholders is to be taken.
     If the Board of Directors does not fix a record date for any meeting of the stockholders, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at such meeting shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived in accordance with Section 7.3 of these Bylaws, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. If the Board of Directors does not fix a record date for determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise any rights of change, conversion or exchange of stock or for any other purpose, the record date shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts a resolution relating thereto.
     A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment or postponement of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned or postponed meeting.
     2.6 Quorum of Stockholders. Unless otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares of capital stock entitled to cast a majority of the votes which could be cast at such meeting by the holders of all outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business. “Broker non-votes” shall be considered present at the meeting with respect to the determination of a quorum but shall not be considered as votes cast with respect to matters as to which no authority is granted. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting or the stockholders to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall, by the vote of holders of stock representing a majority of the voting power of all shares present at the meeting, have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section 2.7 until a quorum shall be present or represented. Where a separate vote by a class or classes or series is required, a majority of the voting power of the shares of such class or classes or series present in person or represented by proxy shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter.
     2.7 Adjournment. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any meeting of the stockholders may be adjourned from time to time, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken, and at any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present any action may be taken that could have been taken at the meeting originally called; provided, however, that if the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting.

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     2.8 Voting by Stockholders.
     (a) Voting on Matters Other than the Election of Directors. With respect to any matters as to which no other voting requirement is specified by the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote required for stockholder action shall be that of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the matter. Broker non-votes shall not be considered as shares present and entitled to vote as to matters with respect to which no authority has been granted. In the case of a matter submitted for a vote of the stockholders as to which a stockholder approval requirement is applicable under the stockholder approval policy of any stock exchange or quotation system on which the capital stock of the Corporation is traded or quoted, the requirements of Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or any provision of the Internal Revenue Code, in each case for which no higher voting requirement is specified by the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the vote required for approval shall be the requisite vote specified in such stockholder approval policy, Rule 16b-3 or Internal Revenue Code provision, as the case may be (or the highest such requirement if more than one is applicable). For the approval or ratification of the appointment of independent public accountants (if submitted for a vote of the stockholders), the vote required for approval shall be a majority of the votes cast on the matter. For this purpose, abstentions shall not be considered as votes cast.
     (b) Voting in the Election of Directors. Unless otherwise provided in the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present.
     (c) Stockholder Proposals (Other than Director Nominations). At an annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, only such business shall be conducted, and only such proposals shall be acted upon, as shall have been properly brought before such annual meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business or proposals (other than any nomination of directors of the Corporation, which is governed by Section 3.5 hereof) must (i) be specified in the notice relating to the meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2.4 hereof, (ii) otherwise be properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) be properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation who (A) is a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of such stockholder’s notice provided for in this Section 2.8 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting, (B) shall be entitled to vote at the annual meeting and (C) complies with the requirements of this Section 2.8, and otherwise be proper subjects for stockholder action and be properly introduced at the annual meeting. Clause (iii) of the immediately preceding sentence shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to submit business or proposals (other than matters properly brought under Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and included in the notice relating to the meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2.4 hereof) before an annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation.

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     For a proposal to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation pursuant to these provisions, in addition to any other applicable requirements, such stockholder must have given timely advance notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, such stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the annual meeting date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that if the scheduled annual meeting date is called for a date that is not within 30 days before or after such anniversary date, notice by such stockholder, to be timely, must be so delivered or received not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of such annual meeting or, if less than 100 days’ prior notice or public disclosure of the scheduled meeting date is given or made, the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which the notice of such meeting was mailed to stockholders of the Corporation or the day on which such public disclosure was made. For purposes of this Section 2.8(c) and Section 3.5(a), the first anniversary of the annual meeting date of the 2009 annual meeting shall be deemed to be June 15, 2010. In no event shall any adjournment, postponement or deferral of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a timely notice as described above.
     Any such stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a description of the proposal desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, together with the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration), (ii) as to such stockholder proposing such business and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (A) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, if any, and the name and address of any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such business or proposal, (B)(1) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (2) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of capital stock of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the price, value or volatility of any class or series of shares of capital stock of the Corporation or any derivative or synthetic arrangement having characteristics of a long position in any class or series of shares of capital stock of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or otherwise (a “Derivative Instrument”) directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder and by such beneficial owner and any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of capital stock of the Corporation, (3) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder or beneficial owner with respect to any shares of any security of the Corporation, (4) any pledge by such stockholder or beneficial owner of any security of the Corporation or any short interest of such stockholder or beneficial owner in any security of the Corporation (for purposes of this Section 2.8(c) and Section 3.5, a person shall be deemed to have a short interest in a security if such person directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or

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otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the value of the subject security), (5) any rights to dividends on the shares of capital stock of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder and by such beneficial owner that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of capital stock of the Corporation, (6) any proportionate interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder or beneficial owner is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner and (7) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder or beneficial owner is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of capital stock of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including, without limitation, for purposes of clauses (B)(1) through (B)(7) above, any of the foregoing held by members of such stockholder’s or beneficial owner’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information shall be supplemented by such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, not later than 10 days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date), and (C) any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the proposal, or would otherwise be required, in each case pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (iii) any material interest of such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, in such business or proposal, (iv) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting and (v) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with such business or proposal by such stockholder.
     A stockholder providing notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.8(c) shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date for the meeting) or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). In addition, a stockholder providing notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall update and supplement such notice, and deliver such update and supplement to the principal executive offices of the Corporation, promptly following the occurrence of any event that materially changes the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2.8(c).
     The Chairman of the Board or, if he is not presiding, the presiding officer of the meeting of stockholders of the Corporation shall determine whether the requirements of this Section 2.8 have been met with respect to any stockholder proposal. If the Chairman of the Board or the presiding officer determines that any stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with the

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terms of this Section 2.8, he shall so declare at the meeting and any such proposal shall not be acted upon at the meeting.
     For purposes of this Section 2.8 and Section 3.5, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release issued by the Corporation or in a document publicly filed or furnished by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
     At a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, only such business shall be conducted, and only such proposals shall be acted upon, as shall have been properly brought before such special meeting. To be properly brought before such a special meeting, business or proposals (other than any nomination of directors of the Corporation, which is governed by Section 3.5 hereof) must (i) be specified in the notice relating to the meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2.3 and Section 2.4 hereof or (ii) constitute matters incident to the conduct of the meeting as the Chairman of the Board or the presiding officer of the meeting shall determine to be appropriate. Stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders.
     This Section 2.8 is expressly intended to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual or special meeting of stockholders, including the presenting at an annual meeting of any proposal properly made pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and included in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.8, a stockholder of the Corporation shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.8. Nothing in this Section 2.8 shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the holders of any series of preferred stock if and to the extent provided for under law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
     2.9 Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy. Such authorization must be in writing and executed by the stockholder or his or her authorized officer, director, employee or agent. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission created pursuant to this paragraph may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission. No proxy authorized hereby shall be voted or acted upon more than three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Proxies for use at any meeting of stockholders shall be filed with the Secretary, or such other officer as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine by resolution, before or at the time of the meeting. All proxies shall be received and taken charge of and all ballots shall be received and canvassed by the secretary of the meeting who shall decide all questions relating to the qualification of voters, the validity of the proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes, unless an inspector or inspectors shall have been appointed by the chairman of the meeting, in which event such inspector or inspectors shall decide all such questions.

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     2.10 Approval or Ratification of Acts or Contracts by Stockholders. The Board of Directors in its discretion may submit any act or contract for approval or ratification at any annual meeting of the stockholders, or at any special meeting of the stockholders called for the purpose of considering any such act or contract, and any act or contract that shall be approved or be ratified by the vote of the stockholders holding a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at such meeting (provided that a quorum is present) shall be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation and upon all the stockholders as if it has been approved or ratified by every stockholder of the Corporation.
     2.11 Organization. Such person as the Board of Directors may have designated or, in the absence of such person, the Chairman of the Board or, in his or her absence, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or, in his or her absence, such person as may be chosen by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote who are present, in person or by proxy, shall call to order any meeting of the stockholders and act as chairman of the meeting. In the absence of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, the secretary of the meeting shall be such person as the chairman of the meeting appoints.
     2.12 Conduct of Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meetings of the stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of the stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) the determination of when the polls shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (iii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iv) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (v) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; (vi) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; and (vii) policies and procedures with respect to the adjournment of such meeting. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
     3.1 Duties and Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the authority and powers conferred upon the Board of Directors by the DGCL or by the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is authorized and empowered to exercise all such powers

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and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws.
     Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws or to the extent prohibited by Delaware law, the Board of Directors shall have the right (which, to the extent exercised, shall be exclusive) to establish the rights, powers, duties, rules and procedures that (i) from time to time shall govern the Board of Directors, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the vote required for any action by the Board of Directors and (ii) from time to time shall affect the directors’ power to manage the business and affairs of the Corporation. No Bylaw of the Corporation shall be adopted by the stockholders of the Corporation that shall impair or impede the implementation of this Section 3.1.
     3.2 Number and Term of Directors. Within any limits specified in the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject to such rights of holders of shares of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock of the Corporation to elect one or more directors of the Corporation under circumstances as shall be provided by or pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the number of directors of the Corporation that shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time exclusively by, and may be increased or decreased from time to time exclusively by, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Whole Board. The term “Whole Board” shall mean the total number of authorized directors, whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships. Effective at the annual meeting of stockholders scheduled to be held in 2010 and at each annual meeting of stockholders thereafter, all director nominees shall stand for election to terms expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting, with each director to hold office until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.
     3.3 Vacancies. Unless otherwise provided by or pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors of the Corporation and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal or other cause in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors of the Corporation then in office, even if such remaining directors constitute less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, or, if there are no directors remaining, by the stockholders. Any director of the Corporation elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall serve for a term ending on the next annual meeting of stockholders following his or her election to the Board of Directors and until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws. Unless otherwise provided by or pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, no decrease in the number of directors of the Corporation constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director of the Corporation.
     3.4 Qualifications. Directors need not be residents of the State of Delaware or stockholders of the Corporation.

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     3.5 Nomination of Directors.
     (a) Subject to such rights of holders of shares of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock of the Corporation to elect one or more directors of the Corporation under circumstances as shall be provided by or pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.5 shall be eligible for election as, and to serve as, directors of the Corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made only at a meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation at which directors of the Corporation are to be elected (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) (if but only if the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of such stockholder’s notice provided for in this Section 3.5 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, who shall be entitled to vote at such meeting in the election of directors of the Corporation and who complies with the requirements of this Section 3.5. Clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election as a director of the Corporation at an annual meeting or special meeting. Any such nomination by a stockholder of the Corporation shall be preceded by timely advance notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation.
     To be timely with respect to an annual meeting, such stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the annual meeting date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that (1) if the scheduled annual meeting is called for a date that is not within 30 days before or after such anniversary date, notice by such stockholder, to be timely, must be so delivered or received not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of such annual meeting or, if less than 100 days’ prior notice or public disclosure of the scheduled meeting date is given or made, the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which the notice of such meeting was mailed to stockholders of the Corporation or the day on which such public disclosure was made; and (2) if the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at such annual meeting is increased and there is no prior notice or public disclosure by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least 100 days prior to such anniversary date, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 3.5(a) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which the notice of such meeting was mailed to stockholders of the Corporation or the day on which such public disclosure was made. To be timely with respect to a special meeting, such stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and not later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the scheduled special meeting date; provided, however, that if less than 100 days’ prior notice or public disclosure of the scheduled meeting date is given or made, notice by such stockholder, to be timely, must be so delivered or received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which the notice of such meeting was mailed to stockholders of the Corporation or the day on which such public disclosure was made. In no event shall any adjournment, postponement or deferral of an

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annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
     Any such stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth (i) as to each person whom such stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director of the Corporation, (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (C) any other information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors of the Corporation in a contested election, or would otherwise be required, in each case pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including, without limitation, the written consent of such person to having such person’s name placed in nomination at the meeting and to serve as a director of the Corporation if elected), and (D) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if such stockholder and such beneficial owner, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and (ii) as to such stockholder giving the notice, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made and the proposed nominee, (A) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, if any, and the name and address of any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such nomination, (B) (1) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder, such beneficial owner and such nominee, (2) any Derivative Instrument directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder, such beneficial owner and such nominee and any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of capital stock of the Corporation, (3) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder, beneficial owner or nominee with respect to any shares of any security of the Corporation, (4) any pledge by such stockholder, beneficial owner or nominee of any security of the Corporation or any short interest of such stockholder, beneficial owner or nominee in any security of the Corporation, (5) any rights to dividends on the shares of capital stock of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder, beneficial owner and nominee that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of capital stock of the Corporation, (6) any proportionate interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder, beneficial owner or nominee is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner and (7) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder, beneficial owner or nominee is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of capital stock of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including, without limitation, for purposes of clauses (B)(1) through (B)(7) above, any of the foregoing held by

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members of such stockholder’s, beneficial owner’s or nominee’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information shall be supplemented by such stockholder, beneficial owner, if any, and nominee not later than 10 days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date), (C) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and (D) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (E) any other information relating to such stockholder, beneficial owner, if any, and nominee that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors of the Corporation in a contested election, or would otherwise be required, in each case pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Any such stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Corporation shall also include or be accompanied by, with respect to each nominee for election or reelection to the Board of Directors, a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement required by Section 3.5(b). The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.
     A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 3.5(a) shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five business days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight business days prior to the date for the meeting, if practicable (or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date for the meeting) or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). In addition, a stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall update and supplement such notice, and deliver such update and supplement to the principal executive offices of the Corporation, promptly following the occurrence of any event that materially changes the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 3.5(a).
     In addition to the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.5, a stockholder of the Corporation shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 3.5. Nothing in this Section 3.5 shall be deemed to affect any rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock if and to the extent provided for under law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
     (b) To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a person must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery

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of notice under Section 3.5(a)) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (A) is not and will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein, and (C) in such person’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation.
     (c) The Chairman of the Board or, if he is not presiding, the presiding officer of the meeting of stockholders of the Corporation shall determine whether the requirements of this Section 3.5 have been met with respect to any nomination or intended nomination. If the Chairman of the Board or the presiding officer determines that any nomination was not made in accordance with the requirements of this Section 3.5, he shall so declare at the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded. In addition to the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.5, a stockholder of the Corporation shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 3.5.
     3.6 Meetings. The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, the Chief Executive Officer, or such number of directors constituting more than one-third of the directors then in office. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director either by mail not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the meeting, by telephone, telegram, facsimile transmission or other electronic transmission not less than twenty-four (24) hours before the time of the meeting, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances. Notice of any meeting need not be given to any director if waived by him in writing, or if he shall be present at such meeting. Attendance at a meeting of the Board of Directors shall constitute presence in person at and waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting (and so expresses such objection at the beginning of the meeting) to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

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     3.7 Quorum of and Action by Directors. Unless a greater number is required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, a majority of the directors in office shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors for the transaction of business; but a majority of the directors present at any meeting, whether there is a quorum or otherwise, may adjourn the meeting from day to day until a quorum is present. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall constitute the action of the Board of Directors.
     3.8 Board and Committee Action by Unanimous Written Consent in Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by all the members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, and is filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.
     3.9 Board and Committee Conference Telephone Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or members of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in and hold a meeting of such Board of Directors or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can speak to and hear each other, and attendance at a meeting pursuant to this Section 3.9 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, except where a person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting (and so expresses such objection at the beginning of the meeting) to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
     3.10 Compensation. Directors will receive such compensation for their services as may be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors and shall be reimbursed for their actual expenses of attendance, if any, for each regular or special meeting of the Board; provided that nothing contained herein shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
     3.11 Removal. A director of the Corporation may be removed from office as a director, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the then issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever holders of outstanding shares of one or more series of preferred stock are entitled to elect directors of the Corporation pursuant to the provisions applicable in the case of arrearages in the payment of dividends or other defaults contained in the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for the establishment of any such series, any such director of the Corporation so elected may be removed in accordance with the provisions of such resolution or resolutions.
     3.12 Committees of the Board of Directors.
     (a) The Board of Directors may designate from among its members one or more committees, each of which shall be comprised of one or more of its members, and may designate one or more of its members as alternate members of any committee, who may, subject to any

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limitations by the Board of Directors, replace absent or disqualified members at any meeting of that committee. Any such committee, to the extent provided in such resolution or in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the Board of Directors to the extent permitted by the DGCL. Any such committee may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. In addition to the above, such committee or committees shall have such other powers and limitations of authority as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.
     (b) The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any such committee and to fill vacancies in it. A majority of the number of members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business unless a greater number is required by a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. The act of the majority of the members of a committee present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee, unless the act of a greater number is required by a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Each such committee may elect a chairman (unless the Board of Directors appoints a chairman) and may appoint such subcommittees and assistants as it may deem necessary. Except as otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, meetings of any committee shall be conducted in accordance with Sections 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10 and 7.3 hereof. Election or appointment of a member of a committee shall not of itself create contract rights.
     (c) Any action taken by any committee of the Board of Directors shall promptly be recorded in the minutes and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.
     3.13 Ratification. Any transaction questioned in any stockholders’ derivative proceeding on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of director, officer or stockholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, or the application of improper principles or practices of accounting may be ratified before or after judgment by the Board of Directors or, if less than a quorum of directors is qualified, by a committee of qualified directors or by the stockholders; and, if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned transaction had been originally duly authorized, and said ratification shall be binding upon the Corporation and its stockholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned transaction.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
     4.1 Designation. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected or appointed by the Board of Directors and shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Financial Officer, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such Executive, Senior or other Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and other officers as may be elected or appointed by the Board of Directors. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, provided that no person holding more than one office may sign, in more than one capacity, any certificate or other instrument required by law to be signed by two officers. The Board of Directors shall also elect or appoint from among the directors a person to act as Chairman of the Board who shall not be deemed to be an officer of the Corporation unless he or she has otherwise been elected or appointed as such.

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     4.2 Powers and Duties. The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their offices, except as modified herein or by the Board of Directors, as well as such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board shall have such duties as may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors and shall preside at meetings of the Board of Directors and at meetings of the stockholders. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general supervision over the business, affairs and property of the Corporation.
     4.3 Vacancies. Whenever any vacancies shall occur in any office by death, resignation, increase in the number of offices of the Corporation, or otherwise, the same shall be filled by the Board of Directors, and the officer so elected shall hold office until such officer’s successor is elected or appointed or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.
     4.4 Removal. Any officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed by the Board of Directors with or without cause at any time. Such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract, common law, and statutory rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.
     4.5 Action with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations. Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President and the Treasurer of the Corporation shall each have power to vote and otherwise act on behalf of the Corporation, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of security holders of or with respect to any action of security holders of any other corporation in which this Corporation may hold securities and otherwise to exercise any and all rights and powers which this Corporation may possess by reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation.
ARTICLE V
CAPITAL STOCK
     5.1 Shares of Stock. The capital stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificated or uncertificated shares, as determined by the Board of Directors. Certificates representing such certificated shares shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President and either the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, and may bear the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof. The signatures of such persons upon a certificate may be facsimiles. The stock record books and the blank stock certificate books shall be kept by the Secretary of the Corporation, or at the office of such transfer agent or transfer agents as the Board of Directors may from time to time by resolution determine. In case any person who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon such certificate shall have ceased to be Chairman of the Board or shall have ceased to be an officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer at the date of its issuance.

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     5.2 Transfer of Shares. The shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferable only on the stock transfer books of the Corporation by the holders thereof in person or by their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives and, in the case of shares represented by a certificate, the certificate being surrendered for cancellation. Until and unless the Board of Directors appoints some other person, firm or corporation as its transfer agent (and upon the revocation of any such appointment, thereafter until a new appointment is similarly made), the Secretary of the Corporation shall be the transfer agent of the Corporation without the necessity of any formal action of the Board of Directors, and the Secretary, or any person designated by him, shall perform all of the duties thereof.
     5.3 Regulations Regarding Certificates. The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make all such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration or the replacement of certificates for shares of capital stock of the Corporation.
     5.4 Lost or Destroyed Certificates. The Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President may determine the conditions upon which a new certificate of stock may be issued in place of a certificate which is alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed; and may, in its discretion, require the owner of such certificate or his legal representative to give bond, with sufficient surety, to indemnify the Corporation and each transfer agent and registrar against any and all losses or claims that may arise by reason of the issue of a new certificate in the place of the one so lost, stolen or destroyed.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
     6.1 General. The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in effect on the date of effectiveness of these Bylaws, and to such greater extent as applicable law may thereafter permit, indemnify and hold Indemnitee harmless from and against any and all losses, liabilities, costs, claims, damages and, subject to Section 6.2, Expenses (as this and all other capitalized words used in this Article VI not previously defined in these Bylaws are defined in Section 6.15 hereof), arising out of any event or occurrence related to the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director or an officer of the Corporation or is or was serving in another Corporate Status.
     6.2 Expenses. If Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to any Matter in such Proceeding, the Corporation shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf relating to such Matter. The termination of any Matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such Matter. To the extent that the Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.

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     6.3 Advances. In the event of any threatened or pending Proceeding in which Indemnitee is a party or is involved and that may give rise to a right of indemnification under this Article VI, following written request to the Corporation by Indemnitee, the Corporation shall promptly pay to Indemnitee amounts to cover Expenses reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition upon the receipt by the Corporation of (i) a written undertaking executed by or on behalf of Indemnitee providing that Indemnitee will repay the advance if it shall ultimately be determined that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as provided in this Article VI and (ii) reasonably satisfactory evidence as to the amount of such Expenses.
     6.4 Request for Indemnification. To obtain indemnification, Indemnitee shall submit to the Secretary of the Corporation a written claim or request. Such written claim or request shall contain sufficient information to reasonably inform the Corporation about the nature and extent of the indemnification or advance sought by Indemnitee. The Secretary of the Corporation shall promptly advise the Board of Directors of such request.
     6.5 Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control. If there has been no Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is submitted, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in accordance with Section 145(d) of the DGCL. If entitlement to indemnification is to be determined by Independent Counsel, the Corporation shall furnish notice to Indemnitee within ten days after receipt of the request for indemnification notice specifying the identity and address of Independent Counsel. The Indemnitee may, within 14 days after receipt of such written notice, deliver to the Corporation a written objection to such selection. Such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of Independent Counsel and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis for such assertion. If there is an objection to the selection of Independent Counsel, either the Corporation or Indemnitee may petition the Court for a determination that the objection is without a reasonable basis or for the appointment of Independent Counsel selected by the Court.
     6.6 Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control. If there has been a Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is submitted, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in a written opinion by Independent Counsel selected by Indemnitee. Indemnitee shall give the Corporation written notice advising of the identity and address of the Independent Counsel so selected. The Corporation may, within 14 days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Indemnitee a written objection to such selection. Indemnitee may, within 14 days after the receipt of such objection from the Corporation, submit the name of another Independent Counsel and the Corporation may, within seven days after receipt of such written notice, deliver to the Indemnitee a written objection to such selection. Any objections referred to in this Section 6.6 may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of Independent Counsel and such objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis for such assertion. Indemnitee may petition the Court for a determination that the Corporation’s objection to the first or second selection of Independent Counsel is without a reasonable basis or for the appointment as Independent Counsel selected by the Court.

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     6.7 Procedures of Independent Counsel. If a Change of Control shall have occurred before the request for indemnification is sent by Indemnitee, Indemnitee shall be presumed (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article VI) to be entitled to indemnification upon submission of a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 6.4 hereof, and thereafter the Corporation shall have the burden of proof to overcome the presumption in reaching a determination contrary to the presumption. The presumption shall be used by Independent Counsel as a basis for a determination of entitlement to indemnification unless the Corporation provides information sufficient to overcome such presumption by clear and convincing evidence or the investigation, review and analysis of Independent Counsel convinces him by clear and convincing evidence that the presumption should not apply.
     Except in the event that the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel, if the person or persons empowered under Section 6.5 or 6.6 hereof to determine entitlement to indemnification shall not have made and furnished to Indemnitee in writing a determination within 60 days after receipt by the Corporation of the request therefor, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification or such indemnification is prohibited by applicable law. The termination of any Proceeding or of any Matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article VI) of itself adversely affect the right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. A person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan of the Corporation shall be deemed to have acted in a manner not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.
     For purposes of any determination hereunder, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise or on information, opinions, reports or statements presented to him or to the Corporation by any of the Corporation’s officers, employees or directors, or by any other person as to matters the person reasonably believes are in such other person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term “another enterprise” as used in this Section shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this paragraph shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which an Indemnitee may be deemed to

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have met the applicable standards of conduct for determining entitlement to rights under this Article.
     6.8 Independent Counsel Expenses. The Corporation shall pay any and all reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel incurred acting pursuant to this Article VI and in any Proceeding to which it is a party or witness in respect of its investigation and written report and shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the procedures in which such Independent Counsel was selected or appointed. No Independent Counsel may serve if a timely objection has been made to his selection until a court has determined that such objection is without a reasonable basis.
     6.9 Adjudication. In the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 6.5 or 6.6 hereof that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Article VI; (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 6.3 hereof; (iii) Independent Counsel has not made and delivered a written opinion determining the request for indemnification (a) within 90 days after being appointed by the Court, (b) within 90 days after objections to his selection have been overruled by the Court or (c) within 90 days after the time for the Corporation or Indemnitee to object to his selection; or (iv) payment of indemnification is not made within five days after a determination of entitlement to indemnification has been made or is deemed to have been made pursuant to Section 6.5, 6.6 or 6.7 hereof, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication by the Court of his entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses. In the event that a determination shall have been made that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 6.9 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination. If a Change of Control shall have occurred, in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 6.9, the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the case may be. If a determination shall have been made or is deemed to have been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Corporation shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 6.9, or otherwise, unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification, or such indemnification is prohibited by law.
     The Corporation shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 6.9 that the procedures and presumptions of this Article VI are not valid, binding and enforceable. If Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 6.9, seeks a judicial adjudication to enforce his rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Article VI, and if he prevails therein, then Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Corporation, and shall be indemnified by the Corporation against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in such judicial adjudication. If it shall be determined in such judicial adjudication that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advancement of Expenses sought, then the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be prorated.
     6.10 Participation by the Corporation. With respect to any Proceeding: (a) the Corporation will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense; (b) except as otherwise

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provided below, to the extent that it may wish, the Corporation (jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified) will be entitled to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee; and (c) the Corporation shall not be liable to indemnify Indemnitee under this Article VI for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. After receipt of notice from the Corporation to Indemnitee of the Corporation’s election to assume the defense thereof, the Corporation will not be liable to Indemnitee under this Article VI for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the defense thereof other than as otherwise provided below. Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his own counsel in such action, suit, proceeding or investigation but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the Corporation of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of Indemnitee unless the employment of counsel by Indemnitee has been authorized by the Corporation, or Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there is a conflict of interest between the Corporation and Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such action, or the Corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel employed by Indemnitee shall be subject to indemnification pursuant to the terms of this Article VI. The Corporation shall not be entitled to assume the defense of any Proceeding brought in the name of or on behalf of the Corporation or as to which Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there is a conflict of interest between the Corporation and Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such action. The Corporation shall not settle any action or claim in any manner which would impose any limitation or un-indemnified penalty on Indemnitee without Indemnitee’s written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
     6.11 Nonexclusivity of Rights. The rights of indemnification and advancement of Expenses as provided by this Article VI shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled to under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors, or otherwise. The rights to indemnification and advancement of Expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VI shall be deemed vested at the time a person becomes a director or officer of the Corporation and no subsequent amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article VI or any other provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws shall adversely affect the rights of any person that is or was a director or officer with respect to events, actions or circumstances occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal. The provisions of this Article VI shall continue as to an Indemnitee whose Corporate Status has ceased for any reason and shall inure to the benefit of his or its heirs, executors, administrators, successors or assigns. Neither the provisions of this Article VI nor those of any agreement to which the Corporation is a party shall be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in this Article VI as having the right to receive indemnification or is not a party to any such agreement, but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the DGCL.
     6.12 Insurance and Subrogation. The Corporation shall not be liable under this Article VI to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if, but only to the extent that, Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.

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     In the event of any payment hereunder, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action reasonably requested by the Corporation to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Corporation to bring suit to enforce such rights.
     6.13 Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article VI shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and, to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article VI shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
     6.14 Certain Actions Where Indemnification Is Not Provided. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article VI, no person shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses under this Article VI with respect to any Proceeding, or any Matter therein, brought or made by such person against the Corporation.
     6.15 Definitions. For purposes of this Article VI:
     “Change of Control” means a change in control of the Corporation after the date Indemnitee acquired his Corporate Status, which shall be deemed to have occurred in any one of the following circumstances occurring after such date: (i) there shall have occurred an event that is or would be required to be reported with respect to the Corporation in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or in response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Exchange Act, if the Corporation is or were subject to such reporting requirement; (ii) any “person” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) shall have become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation representing 40% or more of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding voting securities without prior approval of at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such person’s attaining such percentage interest; (iii) the Corporation is a party to a merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other reorganization, or a proxy contest, as a consequence of which members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such transaction or event constitute less than a majority of the Board of Directors thereafter; or (iv) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors (including, for this purpose, any new director whose election or nomination for election by the Corporation’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who were directors at the beginning of such period) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors.
     “Corporate Status” describes the status of an individual as a present or former director or officer of the Corporation, or as a director, officer or other designated legal representative of any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise for which an

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individual is or was serving as a director, officer or other designated legal representative at the request of the Corporation.
     “Court” means the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction.
     “Expenses” shall include all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding.
     “Indemnitee” includes any person who is, or is threatened to be made, a witness in or a party to any Proceeding by reason of his Corporate Status.
     “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporate law and neither presently is, nor in the five years previous to his selection or appointment has been, retained to represent: (i) the Corporation or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder.
     “Matter” is a claim, a material issue or a substantial request for relief.
     “Proceeding” includes any action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, administrative hearing or any other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except one initiated by an Indemnitee pursuant to Section 6.9 hereof to enforce his rights under this Article VI.
     6.16 Notices. Promptly after receipt by Indemnitee of notice of the commencement of any Proceeding, Indemnitee shall, if he anticipates or contemplates making a claim for indemnification or advancement of Expenses pursuant to the terms of this Article VI, notify the Corporation of the commencement of such Proceeding; provided, however, that any delay in so notifying the Corporation shall not constitute a waiver or release by Indemnitee of rights hereunder and that any omission by Indemnitee to so notify the Corporation shall not relieve the Corporation from any liability that it may have to Indemnitee otherwise than under this Article VI. Any communication required or permitted to the Corporation shall be addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such communication to Indemnitee shall be addressed to Indemnitee’s address as shown on the Corporation’s records unless he specifies otherwise and shall be personally delivered, delivered by U.S. Mail, or delivered by commercial express overnight delivery service. Any such notice shall be effective upon receipt.
     6.17 Contractual Rights. The right to be indemnified or to the advancement or reimbursement of Expenses (i) is a contract right based upon good and valuable consideration, pursuant to which Indemnitee may sue as if these provisions were set forth in a separate written contract between Indemnitee and the Corporation, (ii) is and is intended to be retroactive and shall be available as to events occurring prior to the adoption of these provisions and (iii) shall

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continue after any rescission or restrictive modification of such provisions as to events occurring prior thereto.
     6.18 Savings Clause. If any provision of this Article VI of the Bylaws is determined by a court having jurisdiction over the matter to require the Corporation to do or refrain from doing any act that is in violation of applicable law, the court shall be empowered to modify or reform such provision so that, as modified or reformed, such provision provides the maximum of indemnification permitted by law and such provision, as so modified or reformed, and the balance of this Article VI shall be applied in accordance with their terms. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if any portion of this Article VI of the Bylaws shall be invalidated on any ground, the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify an Indemnitee to the full extent permitted by an applicable portion of this Article VI of the Bylaws that shall not have been invalidated and to the full extent permitted by law with respect to that portion that has been invalidated.
     6.19 Successors and Assigns. This Article VI of the Bylaws shall be binding upon the Corporation, its successors and assigns.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
     7.1 Bylaw Amendments. The Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation. Any adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws of the Corporation by the Board of Directors shall require the approval of a majority of the Whole Board. The stockholders shall also have the power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation at any annual meeting before which such matter has been properly brought in accordance with Sections 2.2 and 2.8(c) hereof, or at any special meeting if notice of the proposed amendment is contained in the notice of said special meeting, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the then issued and outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. No Bylaws hereafter adopted, or any amendments thereto, shall invalidate any prior act of the Board of Directors that was valid at the time it was taken.
     7.2 Books and Records. The Corporation shall keep books and records of account and shall keep minutes of the proceedings of its stockholders, its Board of Directors and each committee of its Board of Directors.
     7.3 Notice; Waiver. Whenever, under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any stockholder, it may be given personally, by mail or by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given, to the fullest extent allowed under the DGCL. Notice by mail to a stockholder shall be deemed to be sufficient if deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to last known post office address of such stockholder as shown on the stock records of the Corporation.
     Any notice required to be given to any director or committee member may be given by any method that creates a record of its content that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by the recipient, except that such notice, other than one which is delivered personally, shall be sent

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to such address (whether physical, telephonic, electronic or otherwise) as such director shall have specified in writing to the Secretary or, in the absence of such specification, to the last known post office address of such director or committee member.
     All notices given by mail, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been given as at the time of mailing, and all notices given by telephonic, electronic or other similarly instantaneous means shall be deemed to have been given as of the sending time recorded at the time of transmission.
     Whenever any notice is required to be given to any stockholder, director or committee member under the provisions of the DGCL or under the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
     7.4 Resignations. Any director or officer may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary of the Corporation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective, unless expressly so provided in the resignation.
     7.5 Seal. The seal of the Corporation, if any, shall be in such form as the Board of Directors may adopt.
     7.6 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on the 31st day of December of each year or as otherwise provided by a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.
     7.7 Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for the use of facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these Bylaws, facsimile signatures of the Chairman of the Board, any other director, or any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors.
     7.8 Reliance upon Books, Reports and Records. Each director and each member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors shall, in the performance of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the corporation and upon such information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees, or committees of the Board of Directors, or by any other person as to matters the director or member reasonably believes are within such other person’s professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care by or behalf of the Corporation.
     As last amended on March 5, 2010

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