information technology, administrative and financial services to these practices in
exchange for a management fee. One practice is an optometric practice with an optical retail store located in the Chicago market. The other practice is
primarily an ophthalmology practice with multiple locations in Georgia.
We were originally organized as a Delaware limited
liability company in March 1995, under the name, NovaMed Eyecare Management, LLC. In connection with a capital infusion from venture capital investors
in November 1996, NovaMed Holdings Inc., an Illinois corporation, was formed to serve as a holding company, responsible for overall strategic planning,
with NovaMed Eyecare Management, LLC as our principal operating subsidiary. In May 1999, NovaMed Holdings Inc. reincorporated as a Delaware corporation
and changed its name to NovaMed Eyecare, Inc. In August 1999, we consummated our initial public offering of common stock. On March 26, 2004, we changed
our name to NovaMed, Inc. We also changed the name of one of our principal operating subsidiaries from NovaMed Eyecare Services, LLC to NovaMed
Management Services, LLC.
Information Available
Our corporate headquarters are located at 980 North
Michigan Avenue, Suite 1620, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and our website is www.novamed.com. We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy
statements, and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
“Exchange Act”). The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth
Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding
issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at
http://www.sec.gov.
We also make available free of charge on or through
our Internet website (http://www.novamed.com) our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and,
if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we
electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.
Discontinued Operations
In October 2001, we announced our intentions to
discontinue our management services business. In assessing our overall business, our Board of Directors determined that we should focus our business
strategy primarily on the acquisition, development and operation of surgical facilities. Our surgical facilities segment was historically more
efficient than our other business segments, requiring relatively lower operating costs and producing our highest operating margins. In reviewing our
management services business, our Board determined that, although the segment had been historically profitable, the returns did not justify the high
overhead and capital spending necessary to operate the business. Beginning in the third quarter of 2001, we reflected the management services business
as discontinued operations in our financial statements.
We completed our discontinued operations plan in
December 2003 when we divested our last physician practice remaining in discontinued operations. The only matters remaining in our discontinued
operations reserves on our consolidated financial statements relate to any ongoing commitments that we have with respect to these discontinued business
operations. These commitments primarily include ongoing office lease obligations (to the extent we have been unable thus far to negotiate subleases or
early lease terminations) and severance obligations. From December 2001 to December 2003, we negotiated and closed 19 divestiture transactions in which
we: (a) terminated or assigned the service agreement with our affiliated practices; (b) terminated or transferred all employees providing services at
these practice locations; (c) closed or relocated our regional business offices; (d) sold practice-based assets including fixed assets, equipment and
accounts receivable; and (e) terminated or transferred certain corporate employees who provided services primarily to the management services
business.
From the 19 divestiture transactions that we
completed, we have received in the aggregate as of March 15, 2004, approximately $18.2 million in cash proceeds, promissory notes under which
approximately $800,000 of principal remains payable to us in installments over periods ranging from one to five years, and approximately 2.7 million
shares of our common stock. In addition, certain of the buyers assumed various liabilities, including equipment and office leases. As part of these
transactions, we generally required our former affiliated physicians
4
to enter into multi-year restrictive covenants precluding them from owning and
operating ASCs and other licensed surgical facilities. In addition, depending on the particular characteristics of the affiliated practice, we entered
into multi-year optical products supply agreements and multi-year refractive service agreements. Under these agreements, we are continuing to provide
services to these practices from our continuing business segments. Under our refractive service agreements, we have contracted with these practices to
be their exclusive provider of current and future refractive technology. With our optical products supply agreements, our optical products purchasing
organization and optical laboratories are the primary providers of optical products and supplies to these entities.
In addition to our divestiture transactions, we also
sold minority equity interests in certain of our existing ASCs to various physician-owners of our former affiliated practices. During 2003, we sold
minority interests in four ASCs in exchange for approximately $1.9 million in cash and 261,000 shares. In early 2004, we sold minority interests in
another ASC to various physicians in the local marketplace. With these minority interest sales, we have now sold minority interests in 10 of our ASCs
since January 1, 2002. In return, we received in the aggregate approximately $4.9 million in cash proceeds and approximately one million shares of our
common stock.
Industry Overview
Ambulatory Surgery Center Industry
The term “ambulatory surgery” refers to
procedures performed on a nonhospitalized patient who is able to return home the same day. Since the inception of outpatient surgery centers in the
early 1970s, the ambulatory surgery center industry has grown consistently, with 3,644 ASCs in business in the United States as of February 2003
according to Verispan, L.L.C., an independent health care market research and information firm. Improved surgical techniques and technologies,
including improved anesthesia techniques, have contributed to the expansion of surgical procedures that can be performed in an ASC. According to
Verispan, L.L.C., an estimated 7.8 million surgeries were projected to be performed in the U.S. at ASCs in 2003, up an estimated 8.3% from 2002.
Ophthalmology is the largest single type of outpatient surgery performed in ASCs, representing approximately 27% of all ASC surgeries performed in
2002. Eye surgery is performed in approximately 50% of all ASCs.
We believe that the convenience and efficiencies
offered by an ASC setting have also contributed to the growth in ASC procedures. We believe that many physicians prefer an ASC to a hospital because of
greater scheduling flexibility, faster turnaround time between cases and more efficient nurse staffing. Patients prefer the experience of a surgical
facility dedicated to their specialized surgery that is free from disruptions or scheduling conflicts that often arise in hospitals due to emergency
procedures or more complex surgical procedures that run longer than expected. Moreover, we believe third party payors recognize the cost-effective
benefits of ASCs.
Cataract Surgery. Cataract surgery
is currently the most widely performed surgical procedure in the U.S., with an estimated 2.8 million cataract surgeries in 2003, an increase of
approximately 3% over 2002. A cataract occurs when the normally transparent lens of the eye becomes cloudy as part of the aging process. In cataract
surgery, the ophthalmologist removes the clouded natural lens and replaces it with a synthetic intraocular lens. Cataract surgery is typically
performed on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia, and the procedure time is typically less than 30 minutes. Cataract procedures are expected to
continue to increase for many years, driven primarily by the aging of the population and the introduction of improved technologies and surgical
techniques. With the vast majority of cataract surgery patients being over the age of 65, the Medicare program has been the primary source of
reimbursement for cataract surgery providers. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, approximately 36 million people in the
U.S. are age 65 or older. By 2010, this age group is expected to reach approximately 40 million.
Vision Correction
Surgery. According to the National Eye Institute, an estimated 150 million people in the U.S. use eyeglasses or contact lenses to
correct refractive errors. Refractive errors are optical defects that result in light not being properly focused on the eye’s retina. If the
cornea’s curvature is not correct, the cornea cannot properly focus the light passing through it onto the retina, and the person will see a
blurred image. The three most common refractive errors are:
• |
|
myopia, commonly referred to as nearsightedness, which is caused
by a steepening of the cornea, resulting in the blurring of distant objects |
5
• |
|
hyperopia, commonly referred to as farsightedness, which is
caused by a flattening of the cornea, resulting in the blurring of close objects |
• |
|
astigmatism, in which images are not focused on any point due to
the varying curvature of the eye along different axes, which results in a distorted view of images |
New surgical technologies and techniques have been
developed over the years to correct some of these common refractive errors that result from the improper curvature of the cornea. Laser In-Situ
Keratomileusis, or LASIK, was introduced in 1996, leading to a dramatic increase in the popularity of laser vision correction surgery. The introduction
of LASIK offered significant benefits to ophthalmologists over preceding refractive surgical techniques such as Radial Keratotomy, or RK, and the first
vision correction surgery that used laser technology, Photorefractive Keratectomy, or PRK. Relative to the earlier refractive surgical techniques, the
LASIK procedure provides significant reductions in patient pain or discomfort, patient recovery times ranging from a few hours after the procedure to
two weeks, and reduced complication rates.
Although the number of laser vision correction procedures
performed in the U.S. grew rapidly between 1996 and 2000, the number of annual procedures has declined over the past three years. In 2003,
ophthalmologists performed an estimated 1.15 million laser vision correction surgery procedures in the U.S., representing a decrease of approximately
2% from 2002.
Optical Products and Services Industry
The eye care market consists of a large, diverse
group of services and products. The eye care services market includes routine eye examinations as well as diagnostic and surgical procedures that
address complex eye and vision conditions. The most common conditions addressed by eye care professionals are nearsightedness, farsightedness and
astigmatism as described above. Other frequently treated conditions include cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Eye and
vision conditions are typically treated with surgery, pharmaceuticals, prescription glasses, contact lenses or some combination of these treatments.
Additional services offered by eye care professionals include research services for eye care devices or pharmaceuticals being developed or tested in
clinical trials. The optical products market consists of the manufacture, distribution and sale of optical goods including corrective lenses,
eyeglasses, frames, contact lenses and other optical products and accessories.
While the number of patient options for vision
correction has increased with improved surgical vision correction technologies and techniques, the market for basic optical goods including corrective
lenses, eyeglass frames, contact lenses and other optical products and accessories, remains a significant market. Eyeglass frames are typically sold
through retail optical outlets located in optometrist and ophthalmologist clinics, as well as through retail stores.
Our Business Model
With the divestiture of our management services
business behind us, we are now focused primarily on acquiring, developing and operating ASCs within new and existing markets. We believe that our
experience in operating ASCs, when coupled with our management services experience in working with doctors, will provide our physician-partners with an
efficient operating environment to maximize quality patient care.
Surgical Facilities
As of March 15, 2004, we own and operate 17 ASCs,
each of which is a state-licensed and Medicare-certified ASC focused primarily on eye care procedures. Ophthalmologists perform cataract, laser vision
correction and other eye related surgical procedures in our ASCs. We generally own and operate our surgical facilities through joint ownership
arrangements in which we own a majority interest in the facility and minority equity interests are held by physicians living in the ASC’s local
community. These arrangements are principally structured as limited liability companies with one of our subsidiaries serving as the manager of the
entity. In certain instances, we may own the facility through a limited partnership with one of our subsidiaries serving as the general partner.
Currently, we own majority equity interests in 14 of our ASCs. We wholly own the remaining three ASCs.
6
In addition to owning and operating ASCs, we also
are parties to laser services agreements pursuant to which we provide excimer lasers and various services to ophthalmologists for their use in
performing laser vision correction surgery. In response to the declining demand for laser vision correction surgery, during 2002 and 2003 we closed 10
laser vision correction centers and restructured the manner in which we provided this equipment and these services to minimize our fixed costs. Our
excimer lasers are either located in our ASCs or provided to physicians for use in their medical practices through these laser services
agreements.
We have a nonexclusive supply agreement with Alcon
Laboratories, Inc. pursuant to which we can procure and utilize excimer lasers and other equipment manufactured by Alcon. The agreement sets forth
pricing terms for our APEX/Infinity lasers, as well as the procurement and pricing terms for Alcon’s most technologically advanced laser, the
LADARVision System. During the term of this agreement, which expires December 31, 2006, we will pay Alcon monthly based on the number of procedures
performed on each laser, with minimum annual procedure requirements for each LADARVision System procured under the agreement. As of March 15, 2004, we
have eight LADARVision Systems covered by the agreement. Alcon may terminate the agreement if we fail, after reasonable cure periods, to comply with
the material terms of the agreement. We may terminate the agreement if the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), withdraws or materially restricts
its approval of the use of any laser covered by the agreement or if patent issues or changes render the lasers unusable.
Product Sales
We own and operate an optical laboratory business
that specializes in surfacing, finishing and distributing corrective eyeglass lenses. Our laboratories have in excess of 350 active
customers, including ophthalmologists, optometrists, opticians and optical retail chains. Our optical products purchasing organization allows eye care
professionals to purchase optical products through us from more than 100 suppliers. We process consolidated monthly billing for over 1,500 customers
that utilize our purchasing organization. Customers of these businesses include our former affiliated doctors who are a party to multi-year optical
supply agreements with us pursuant to which our group purchasing organization and optical laboratories are the primary providers of optical products
and supplies to these doctors. Generally, these supply agreements will expire between March 2007 and May 2009, and the product sales revenue generated
from these customers in 2003 constituted less than three percent of our total product sales revenue.
In addition, our marketing products and services
business provides eye care professionals with a range of products and services including brochures, videos, advertising and website design, education
and training programs, and consulting services.
We also have a long-term service agreement with an
optometric practice located in Illinois. The optometric practice also has a retail optical outlet that sells eyeglasses and other products to patients.
We provide all of the services, facilities and equipment necessary to operate this optometric practice under a 25-year service agreement. The services
include:
• |
|
billing, collection and cash management services |
• |
|
procuring and maintaining all office space, equipment and
supplies |
• |
|
subject to federal and state law, recruiting, employing,
supervising and training all non-professional personnel |
• |
|
assisting in recruiting additional doctors |
• |
|
all administrative and support services |
• |
|
information technology services |
Other
We have a 40-year service agreement in place with an
ophthalmology practice with multiple locations in Georgia. This service agreement also covered a practice location in Tennessee during 2003; however,
we sold our practice operations in Tennessee effective as of February 1, 2004. We provide all of the services, facilities and
7
equipment necessary to operate this medical practice, including services identical
in nature to those described above with respect to our Illinois affiliated optometric practice. We also have a five-year administrative services
agreement with a former affiliated practice under which we provide limited administrative and financial services to the practice.
Our Growth Strategy
Surgical Facilities
We are focused on acquiring, developing and
operating ASCs. Currently, all of our ASCs provide primarily eye surgical services, but we have started to introduce other specialties such as pain
management and podiatry in some of our centers. Although we intend to continue to pursue the acquisition and development of eye care ASCs, we are also
pursuing the acquisition and development of ASCs in other specialties. The key elements of our growth strategy are:
• |
|
Acquiring majority equity interests in ASCs in partnership with
physician-owners; |
• |
|
Developing newly constructed ASCs through joint ownership
arrangements with physicians; and |
• |
|
Increasing the revenue and profitability of our existing
ASCs. |
Acquiring Majority Interests in
ASCs
We have a development staff that is responsible for
identifying, evaluating and negotiating the acquisition of majority interests in ASCs in new or existing markets. In certain instances, we may also
consider acquiring a minority, rather than a majority, equity interest. The acquisition of a well-established, single-specialty ASC is an attractive
means of entry into a new market, particularly in states that require a certificate of need, or CON, for development. In analyzing potential
transactions, the evaluation of our prospective doctor-partners is a critical factor. We recognize that the success of the targeted ASC is tied
directly to the success of our doctor-partners and their practices. We believe our management services experience greatly enhances our doctor
evaluation process.
We also assess the target facility’s potential
for future growth. We identify opportunities to add new doctors or surgical procedures, or to improve managed care participation. We also examine the
opportunities to reduce expenses through improved staff efficiency, better doctor scheduling and reduced supply costs. Our development staff and
operations personnel work closely to formulate a growth strategy for each newly acquired facility to maximize our return on
investment.
We currently intend to finance our future
acquisitions of equity interests in ASCs using our existing cash balance, cash generated from our operations and amounts borrowed under our credit
facility. We renegotiated our credit facility during 2003, and our new facility expires on June 30, 2006.
Developing Newly Constructed
ASCs
Our development staff is also responsible for
identifying potential opportunities to build new ASCs with physician partners. These projects involve partnering with one or more physicians in a local
community that is either underserved from a facility standpoint, or involve physicians who don’t have the resources, productivity or expertise to
construct a facility on their own and need a corporate partner to help finance, structure and oversee the project. Generally, development of a new ASC
can be an attractive alternative in states that do not require a CON to build a new center. During 2003, we opened a new ASC in Missouri that we
developed with one of our physician-partners. This ASC is licensed as a multi-specialty facility but is presently focused primarily on eye care
procedures. During 2003, we also began developing with two new physician partners an ASC specializing in pain management procedures. This center is
awaiting state licensure approval and has not yet opened as of March 15, 2004.
Increasing Revenue and Profitability of our
Existing ASCs
The revenue generated by our ASCs is driven by the
surgical procedures performed by physicians. Revenue growth in our existing ASCs will be derived from an increase in surgical procedures performed at
each facility, whether this increase is from the existing physicians or new physicians utilizing the facility. All of our ASCs currently have the
capacity to handle additional procedures. Given this capacity, we attempt to introduce the benefits
8
of our facilities to new doctors who may be using other less efficient and
convenient facilities. We believe the efficiency and convenience of an ASC, and the opportunity to work in facilities affiliated with a national ASC
operator with significant management expertise, are appealing to physicians and their patients and provides a more attractive setting than hospitals.
We also work with our physicians in identifying new procedures, technologies or equipment to integrate into our facilities and expanding the scope of
surgical services available in a cost-effective manner. Moreover, with a substantial portion of our ASC revenue derived from government and private
third party payors, we are continuously evaluating and attempting to increase the levels of our managed care panel participation.
With our existing centers that currently provide
predominantly eye-related surgical services, we are also exploring efficient ways to add new surgical specialties. During 2003, for example, we added
pain management procedures to one of our ASCs. We believe pain management and podiatry are attractive specialties that we can add to some of our
existing ASCs in an effort to increase capacity in a relatively cost-effective manner. We are often required to get state licensure approval to add
other specialties to our existing centers. The likelihood of our success in receiving these approvals will vary by state.
Eleven of our 17 ASCs are currently accredited by
the Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care, or AAAHC. We believe that many managed care panels use AAAHC accreditation as a quality
benchmark. Because some managed care panels do not contract with a facility that is not accredited, we believe our emphasis on having our facilities
accredited in certain competitive managed care markets will maximize our managed care panel participation and also reflects our commitment to providing
high quality patient care.
Staffing and medical supply costs are generally an
ASC’s two largest expense categories. We analyze staffing schedules and work with physicians to schedule surgeries in a manner that maximizes
staff efficiency and optimizes staffing costs. We also have negotiated purchasing contracts with many of our largest vendors and we educate our doctors
on lower cost supply alternatives that still maintain high patient care standards.
Product Sales
We believe there are opportunities to grow our
optical products and services business by adding ophthalmologists and optometrists as customers, as well as offering a broader range of products and
services to our existing customer base.
Competition
Surgical Facilities
In acquiring and developing ASCs, we compete with
both corporations and physicians. There are several publicly held and private companies actively engaged in the acquisition, development and operation
of ASCs. Some of these companies may acquire and develop multi-specialty ASCs, practice-based ASCs focusing on varying specialties, or a combination of
the two. Moreover, some of these companies have the acquisition and development of ASCs as their core business, while other competitors are larger,
publicly held companies that have subsidiaries or divisions engaged in this business. Many of these competitors have greater resources than us. Our
primary competitors in acquiring, owning and operating ASCs are AmSurg Corp., United Surgical Partners International, Inc., HealthSouth Corporation and
Symbion, Inc.
Product Sales
Our two optical laboratories face a variety of
national, regional and local competitors. We compete in the optical laboratory market on the bases of quality of service, breadth of services,
reputation and price.
In the market for providing optical group purchasing
services, we primarily compete with national and regional buying groups, as well as large vendors. Competition in this market is based upon service,
price, and the strength of the purchasing organization, including the ability to negotiate discounts with suppliers.
9
Other
Our management services are provided to eye care
professionals through long-term affiliations. The market for these management services is fragmented, and we do not face any single, dominant U.S.
national competitor. Eye care professionals may seek a corporate partner to assist them in the growth and development of their practices, as well as
with the day-to-day management and administration of their businesses. Factors that may influence an eye care professional’s decision to retain a
corporate partner to provide management services are the corporate partner’s experience and scope and quality of services offered, the eye care
professional’s need for these services, and the price for such services.
Employees
As of March 15, 2004, we had approximately 341
employees, 244 of whom are full-time employees. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements and we consider our relations with our
employees to be good.
Many of our ASCs are located adjacent to a physician
practice. In a few instances, our ASCs may lease from the physician practice some or all of the individuals who provide services in the ASC on our
behalf. This is typically only done when the ASC may provide surgical services on a limited schedule. This leasing model allows us to staff these
centers in a more cost-effective manner.
Governmental Regulation
As a participant in the health care industry, our
operations are subject to extensive and increasing regulation by governmental entities at the federal, state and local levels. Many of these laws and
regulations are subject to varying interpretations, and we believe courts and regulatory authorities generally have provided little clarification.
Moreover, state and local laws and interpretations vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. As a result, we may not always be able to accurately predict
interpretations of applicable law.
We believe our business practices comply in all
material respects with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. If the legal compliance of any of our activities were challenged,
however, we might have to divert substantial time, attention and resources from running our business to defend against these challenges regardless of
their merit. If we do not successfully defend these challenges, we might face a variety of adverse consequences including losing our ASC licenses,
losing our eligibility to participate in Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state health care programs, or losing other contracting privileges and,
in some instances, civil or criminal fines. Any of these consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
The regulatory environment in which we operate may
change significantly in the future. Numerous legislative proposals have been introduced in the U.S. Congress and in various state legislatures over the
past several years that could cause major reforms of the U.S. health care system. In addition, several sets of regulations have been recently adopted
that may require substantial changes in the way health care providers operate over the coming years. In response to new or revised laws, regulations or
interpretations, we could be required to revise the structure of our legal arrangements, repurchase minority equity interests in our ASCs that are
owned by physicians, incur substantial legal fees, fines or other costs, or curtail our business activities, reducing the potential profit to us of
some of our legal arrangements, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
The following is a summary of some of the health
care regulatory issues affecting our operations and us.
Federal Law
Anti-Kickback
Statute. The federal anti-kickback statute prohibits the knowing and willful solicitation, receipt, offer or payment of any
direct or indirect remuneration in return for the referral of patients or the ordering or purchasing of items or services payable under Medicare,
Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Violations of this statute may result in criminal penalties, including imprisonment or criminal fines
of up to $25,000 per violation, civil penalties of up to $50,000 per violation plus up to three times the amount of the underlying remuneration, and
exclusion from federal or state programs including Medicare or Medicaid.
10
The federal anti-kickback statute contains a number
of exceptions. In order to address the problems created by the broad language of the statute, Congress directed the Department of Health and Human
Services, or DHHS, to develop regulatory exceptions, known as safe harbors, to the federal anti-kickback statute’s referral prohibitions. When
possible, we have attempted to structure our business operations within a safe harbor. However, some aspects of our business either do not meet the
prescribed safe harbor standards, or relate to practices for which no safe harbor standards exist. Because there is no legal requirement that
relationships fit within a safe harbor, a business arrangement that does not comply with the relevant safe harbor, or for which a safe harbor does not
exist, does not necessarily violate the anti-kickback statute.
Included among the safe harbors to the anti-kickback
statute are certain safe harbors for investment interests in general, and for investment interests in ASCs, specifically. As of February 1, 2004 we
co-own 14 of our ASCs with one or more physicians, and we will likely co-own with physicians most of the ASCs that we will acquire in the future. We
will also likely be selling interests in our existing wholly-owned ASCs to physicians in the near- to intermediate-term. It is unlikely that our
co-ownership will meet all of the parameters of the general investment interest safe harbors or the ASC investment interest safe harbors. As discussed
above, however, an arrangement that does not fit squarely within a safe harbor is not per se unlawful under the anti-kickback statute. It is our intent
to structure all such co-ownership arrangements in a manner that complies with as many of the safe harbor components as possible, that meets the
objectives of the anti-kickback statute, and that follows the other available regulatory guidance regarding ASC co-ownership arrangements to the
greatest extent possible.
The applicable regulatory authorities have provided
limited guidance regarding ASC ownership arrangements that are permissible under the anti-kickback statute. Based on the guidance that is available, we
believe that our joint ownership complies with the anti-kickback law based on, among other things, the following factors: all of the jointly owned ASCs
are Medicare certified; patients referred to an ASC by an investor are informed of the referring physician’s investment interest in the ASC; the
terms on which an investment interest in the ASC is offered to an investor are not related to the previous or expected volume of referrals or services
by, or other business with, the investor; neither any of the investors (including us) nor the ASC entity will loan money to any investors or guarantee
debt of any investors incurred to purchase the investment interest; the return on investment in the ASC is directly proportional to the investors’
investment interests; the ASCs treat federal health program beneficiaries in a non-discriminatory manner; and Medicare-recognized surgical procedures
account for a significant portion of the investor-physicians’ medical practice income.
Self-Referral
Law. Subject to limited exceptions, the federal self-referral law, known as the “Stark Law,” prohibits physicians
and optometrists from referring their Medicare or Medicaid patients for the provision of “designated health services” to any entity with
which they or their immediate family members have a financial relationship. “Financial relationships” include both compensation and ownership
relationships. “Designated health services” include clinical laboratory services, radiology and ultrasound services, durable medical
equipment and supplies, and prosthetics, orthotics and prosthetic devices, as well as seven other categories of services. The term “designated
health service” does not include surgical services. Physicians do not currently refer to our ASCs for the provision of “designated health
services” that are not otherwise excepted or protected under the Stark Law.
The Stark law does not prohibit physician ownership
or investment interests in ASCs to which they refer patients. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services clarified this in the Phase I regulations
interpreting the Stark law by providing that services that would otherwise constitute a “designated health service,” but that are paid by
Medicare as part of composite rate, will not be considered designated health services for purposes of the Stark Law. Thus, when an intraocular lens, or
IOL, used in cataract surgery, or another service or item that would otherwise qualify as a “designated health service,” is included in an
ASC composite payment rate, the IOL (or other such item or service) will not be considered to be a “designated health
service.”
Violating the Stark Law may result in denial of
payment for the designated health services performed, civil fines of up to $15,000 for each service provided pursuant to a prohibited referral, a fine
of up to $100,000 for participation in a circumvention scheme, and exclusion from the Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs. The
Stark Law is a strict liability statute. Any referral made where a financial relationship exists that fails to meet an exception constitutes a
violation of the law.
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Civil False Claims
Act. The Federal Civil False Claims Act prohibits knowingly presenting or causing to be presented any false or fraudulent
claim for payment by the government, or using any false or fraudulent record in order to have a false or fraudulent claim paid. Violations of the law
may result in repayment of three times the damages suffered by the government and penalties from $5,000 to $10,000 per false claim. Collateral
consequences of a violation of the False Claims Act include administrative penalties and possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid
and other federal health care programs.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act. In August of 1996, Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Included
within HIPAA’s health care reform provisions are its “administrative simplification” provisions, which require that health care
transactions be conducted in a standardized format, and that the privacy and security of certain individually identifiable health information be
protected. Proposed rules for many of the administrative simplification subject areas have been published.
Final rules covering “Standards for Electronic
Transactions and Code Sets” were published on August 17, 2000, and set forth the standardized billing codes and formats that we must use when
conducting certain health care transactions and activities. The effective date of these final rules was October 16, 2000. Compliance with these rules
was required by October 16, 2002, but by filing an extension plan by October 16, 2002, we extended this compliance date to October 16, 2003 for our
ASCs. Notwithstanding these deadlines, CMS announced on September 23, 2003 that it would establish a contingency plan for accepting non-standard
transactions after October 16, 2003. This contingency plan remains in effect, however it was modified in February 2004 to state that providers
submitting non-standard Medicare claims as of July 2004 can be expected to wait an additional 13 days for payment of each such claim. Our ASCs are
utilizing standard transactions whenever possible and stand ready to convert to standard transactions with all payors as such payors become ready, or
to utilize paper claims in limited circumstances, all in compliance with HIPAA.
On December 28, 2000, as modified on May 31, 2002
and August 14, 2002, the DHHS published final rules addressing “Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information” under
HIPAA’s administrative simplification provisions. Compliance with these rules was required by April 14, 2003. These rules create substantial
compliance issues for all “covered entities” — which include health care providers, health plans, and health care clearinghouses —
that engage in regulated transactions and activities. Operations of our ASCs are covered by the final rules. We believe our ASCs are in substantial
compliance with these final rules.
Final rules addressing the “Security
Standards” under HIPAA’s administrative simplification provisions were published on February 20, 2003. Our ASCs must comply with these
regulations by April 21, 2005. We are still in the process of determining what impact these rules will have on our operations.
On January 23, 2004, DHHS published the final rule
on “Standard Unique Health Identifiers for Health Care Providers.” Under this final rule, all HIPAA covered entities — which includes
our ASCs — must apply for a National Provider Identifier (NPI) in order to be able to transmit any health information in electronic form.
Application may be made beginning on, but not earlier than, May 23, 2005. As this final rule was issued only recently, we do not yet know the time or
expense that we can expect when applying for NPIs.
Violations of HIPAA’s administrative
simplification provisions can result in civil penalties of up to $25,000 per person per year for each violation or criminal penalties of up to $250,000
and/or up to 10 years in prison per violation.
State Law
Facility Licensure and Certificate of
Need. We are required to obtain and maintain licenses from the state departments of health in states where we open, acquire
and operate ASCs. We believe that we have obtained and that we maintain the necessary licenses in states where licenses are required. With respect to
future expansion, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the required licenses without unreasonable expense or delay. In addition, we
cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain licenses for all of our operating ASCs. We believe our ASCs are in compliance with all applicable
state licensure requirements, but we cannot guaranty that the state departments of health will continue to view our facilities as being in
compliance.
12
Some states require a Certificate of Need, or CON,
prior to the construction or modification of an ASC or the purchase of specified medical equipment in excess of a dollar amount set by the state. We
believe that we have obtained the necessary CONs in states where a CON is required. However, we believe courts and state regulatory authorities
generally have provided little clarification as to some of the regulations governing the need for CONs. It is possible that a state regulatory
authority could challenge our determination. With respect to our future development of new ASCs or expansion of existing ASCs, we cannot assure you
that we will be able to acquire a CON in all states where a CON is required.
Anti-Kickback Laws. In
addition to the federal anti-kickback law, a number of states have enacted laws that prohibit payment for referrals and other types of kickback
arrangements. Some of these state laws apply to all patients regardless of their source of payment, while others limit their scope to patients whose
care is paid for by particular payors.
Self-Referral Laws. In
addition to the Federal Stark Law, a number of states have enacted laws that require disclosure of or prohibit referrals by health care providers to
entities in which the providers have an investment interest or with which the providers have a compensation relationship. In some states, these
restrictions apply regardless of the patient’s source of payment.
State Privacy
Laws. Numerous states have enacted privacy laws that have similar objectives to the Federal HIPAA privacy regulations. These
laws, which vary from state to state, require that certain protective measures be taken in connection with the disclosure of a patient’s
identifying information.
Corporate Practice of
Medicine. A number of states have enacted laws that prohibit, or have common law that prohibits, the corporate practice of
medicine. These laws are designed to prevent interference in the medical decision-making process by anyone who is not a licensed physician. Application
of the corporate practice of medicine prohibition varies from state to state. Although we neither employ physicians nor provide professional medical
services, we continue to provide services to physicians in connection with their performance of surgical procedures through laser services agreements
and through our remaining management services agreements. To the extent any act or service to be performed by us is construed by a court or enforcement
agency to constitute the practice of medicine, we cannot be sure that a particular state court or enforcement agency may not construe our arrangements
as violating that jurisdiction’s corporate practice of medicine doctrine. In such an event, we may be required to redesign or reformulate our
relationships with these eye care professionals and there is a possibility that some provisions of our agreements may not be
enforceable.
Fee-Splitting
Laws. The laws of some states prohibit providers from dividing with anyone, other than providers who are part of the same
group practice, any fee, commission, rebate or other form of compensation for any services not actually and personally rendered. Penalties for
violating these fee-splitting statutes or regulations may include revocation, suspension or probation of a provider’s license, or other
disciplinary action. In addition, courts have refused to enforce contracts found to violate state fee-splitting prohibitions. The precise language and
judicial interpretation of fee-splitting prohibitions varies from state to state. Courts in some states have interpreted fee-splitting statutes to
prohibit all percentage of gross revenue and percentage of net profit management fee arrangements. Other state statutes only prohibit fee splitting in
return for referrals. To the extent any of our contractual arrangements are construed by a court or enforcement agency to violate the
jurisdiction’s fee-splitting laws, we may be required to redesign or reformulate our arrangements and there is a possibility that some provisions
of our agreements may not be enforceable.
Excimer Laser Regulation
Medical devices, including the excimer lasers used
in our ASCs, are subject to regulation by the FDA. Medical devices may not be marketed for commercial sale in the U.S. until the FDA grants pre-market
approval for the device.
Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements
could subject us or laser manufacturers to enforcement action, product seizures, recalls, withdrawal of approvals and civil and criminal penalties.
Further, failure to comply with regulatory requirements, or any adverse regulatory action, could result in a limitation on or prohibition of our use of
excimer lasers.
13
Government Regulation — Management Services
Our management services business and the operations
of our affiliated providers are also subject to extensive and continuing regulation by governmental entities at the federal, state and local levels.
The following is a summary of the health care regulatory issues affecting our management services business, both with respect to our affiliated
providers and us:
Federal Law
Anti-Kickback
Statute. As discussed above, there are safe harbor regulations to the federal anti-kickback statute. When possible, we have
attempted to structure our management services business and our relationships with our affiliated providers within a safe harbor. Some aspects of our
management services business, the business of our affiliated providers, and our relationships with our affiliated providers either do not meet the
prescribed safe harbor standards, or relate to practices for which no safe harbor standards exist. Because there is no legal requirement that
relationships fit within a safe harbor, a business arrangement that does not comply with the relevant safe harbor, or for which a safe harbor does not
exist, does not necessarily violate the anti-kickback statute.
Self-Referral Law. Our
affiliated providers provide limited categories of designated health services, specifically, diagnostic radiology services, including A-scans and
B-scans, and prosthetic devices, including eyeglasses and contact lenses furnished to patients following cataract surgery. We believe the provision of
these designated health services meets with an exception to the Stark Law. In addition, compensation arrangements between our affiliated providers and
their employers have historically been structured to comply with the Stark Law.
Civil False Claims
Act. The Federal Civil False Claims Act prohibits knowingly presenting or causing to be presented any false or fraudulent
claim for payment by the government, or using any false or fraudulent record in order to have a false or fraudulent claim paid.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act. The operations of our affiliated providers are covered by HIPAA. We have taken actions to assist our remaining
affiliated providers with their HIPAA compliance efforts.
State Law
State Privacy
Laws. State health information privacy laws may also apply to the activities of our affiliated providers. There is very
little guidance regarding the application of these state privacy laws. We cannot be sure that the privacy measures taken by our affiliated providers
will be construed as complying with these laws. In the event the privacy measures taken by these professionals are deemed not to comply with a
particular state’s health privacy laws, we may need to incur significant time, effort and expense to establish compliance.
Corporate Practice of Medicine
Laws. Although we neither employ doctors nor provide professional medical services, to the extent any portion of the
comprehensive management services that we provide under our service agreements with our affiliated providers is construed by a court or enforcement
agency to constitute the practice of medicine, our service agreements provide that our obligations to perform the act or service is waived. We cannot
be sure that a particular state court or enforcement agency may not construe our arrangements as violating that jurisdiction’s corporate practice
of medicine doctrine. In such an event, we may be required to redesign or reformulate our relationships with our affiliated providers and there is a
possibility that some provisions of our service agreements may not be enforceable.
Fee-Splitting Laws. We
believe our management fee arrangements with our affiliated providers differ from those invalidated as unlawful fee splits because they establish a
flat monthly fee that is subject to adjustment based on the degree to which actual practice revenues or expenses vary from budget. However, there is
some risk that our arrangements could be construed by a state court or enforcement agency to run afoul of state fee-splitting prohibitions.
Accordingly, all of our service agreements contain either a reformation provision or a mechanism establishing an alternative fee structure, or
both.
14
Item 2. Properties
We do not own any real property. We lease space for
our corporate offices in Chicago, our ASCs and our optical services operations. As part of our management services business, we also continue to lease
the clinics of our affiliated providers. In some cases, these facilities are leased from related parties. See “Item 13 — Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions.” Our corporate offices in the Chicago metropolitan area currently consist of 8,150 square feet in downtown
Chicago, and 5,923 square feet in Des Plaines, Illinois.
The terms and conditions of our real property leases
vary. The forms of lease range from “modified triple net” to “gross” leases, with terms generally ranging from month-to-month to
ten years, with certain leases having multiple five-year renewal terms at our option. Generally, our ASCs and eye care clinics are located in medical
complexes, office buildings or free-standing buildings. The square footage of these offices range from 500 square feet to approximately 15,000 square
feet, and the terms of these leases have expiration dates ranging from January 2005 to March 2012. Depending on state licensing and certificate of need
issues, expanding the space in any of our ASCs may require state regulatory approval.
The following tables list the locations of our
ASCs:
Location
|
|
|
|
Number of
Operating Rooms
|
|
Our Ownership
Percentage
|
Colorado
Springs, CO |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
51 |
% |
Atlanta,
GA |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Columbus,
GA |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Chicago,
IL |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
79.5 |
% |
Maryville,
IL |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
80 |
% |
River Forest,
IL |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
75 |
%(1) |
Merrillville,
IN |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
51 |
%(1) |
New Albany,
IN |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
80 |
%(1) |
Overland Park,
KS |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
51 |
%(1) |
Thibodaux,
LA |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
60 |
% |
Florissant,
MO |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
100 |
%(1) |
Kansas City,
MO |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
80 |
% |
Kansas City,
MO |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
51 |
% |
St. Joseph,
MO |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
80 |
% |
Chattanooga,
TN |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
77.5 |
% |
Tyler,
TX |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
60 |
% |
Richmond,
VA |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
80 |
% |
(1) |
|
All or a portion of our existing ownership interests in these
facilities may potentially be sold to one or more physicians pursuant to option agreements if the physician(s) elect to exercise their option to
purchase, or in certain instances we elect to sell, the interests. See “Item 7 — Liquidity and Capital Resources.” |
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are not a party to any lawsuits or administrative
actions pending, or to our knowledge, threatened, which we would expect to have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition or
results of operations.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security
Holders
We did not submit any matter to a vote of our
security holders during the fourth quarter of 2003.
15
PART II
| Item 5. |
|
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related
Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
Price Range of Common Stock
Since August 18, 1999, our common stock has been
traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol NOVA. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the range of high and low sale
prices for our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market:
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
Low
|
Fiscal year
ending December 31, 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
1.44 |
|
|
$ |
1.05 |
|
Second
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
1.52 |
|
|
$ |
0.97 |
|
Third
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
2.40 |
|
|
$ |
1.20 |
|
Fourth
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
4.09 |
|
|
$ |
1.91 |
|
|
Fiscal year
ending December 31, 2002:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
1.45 |
|
|
$ |
0.52 |
|
Second
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
1.13 |
|
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
Third
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
1.55 |
|
|
$ |
0.65 |
|
Fourth
Quarter |
|
|
|
$ |
1.75 |
|
|
$ |
1.11 |
|
On March 15, 2004, the last reported sale
price of our common stock was $4.529, and there were approximately 364 holders of record of our common stock. This figure does not consider the number
of individual holders of securities that are held in the “street name” of a securities dealer. The quotations listed above do not reflect
retail mark-ups or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
Dividends
We have never paid a cash dividend on our common
stock. We plan to retain all future earnings to finance the development and growth of our business. Therefore, we do not currently anticipate paying
any cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will be at our board of directors’ discretion and
will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors our board of directors considers relevant.
Moreover, our credit agreement prohibits the payment of dividends on our common stock.
16
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The consolidated statement of operations data set
forth below for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 and the balance sheet data at December 31, 2003 and 2002, are derived from our
respective audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere herein. The consolidated statement of operations data set forth below
with respect to the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 are derived from
our audited financial statements which are not included in this Form 10-K.
The data set forth below should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations” included elsewhere herein.
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
|
2000
|
|
1999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands, except per share and other data)
|
|
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
55,506 |
|
|
$ |
53,773 |
|
|
$ |
53,440 |
|
|
$ |
50,987 |
|
|
$ |
36,541 |
|
Net income
(loss) from continuing operations (a) (b) |
|
|
|
$ |
3,484 |
|
|
$ |
3,657 |
|
|
$ |
(7,093 |
) |
|
$ |
2,256 |
|
|
$ |
(831 |
) |
Net income
(loss) from continuing operations per dilutive share (a) (b) |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
|
$ |
(0.27 |
) |
|
Other
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASCs operated
at end of period |
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
Number of
surgical procedures performed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cataracts |
|
|
|
|
24,268 |
|
|
|
20,689 |
|
|
|
18,323 |
|
|
|
15,925 |
|
|
|
14,450 |
|
LVC |
|
|
|
|
5,974 |
|
|
|
8,385 |
|
|
|
15,199 |
|
|
|
20,045 |
|
|
|
12,586 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
14,435 |
|
|
|
10,070 |
|
|
|
9,609 |
|
|
|
7,275 |
|
|
|
7,308 |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
44,677 |
|
|
|
39,144 |
|
|
|
43,131 |
|
|
|
43,245 |
|
|
|
34,344 |
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
|
2000
|
|
1999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Working
capital |
|
|
|
$ |
16,892 |
|
|
$ |
7,226 |
|
|
$ |
12,698 |
|
|
$ |
23,725 |
|
|
$ |
11,973 |
|
Total
assets |
|
|
|
|
63,888 |
|
|
|
64,128 |
|
|
|
92,252 |
|
|
|
120,913 |
|
|
|
88,251 |
|
Total debt,
excluding current portion |
|
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
20,708 |
|
|
|
26,184 |
|
|
|
188 |
|
Total
stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
|
50,113 |
|
|
|
48,648 |
|
|
|
50,579 |
|
|
|
82,864 |
|
|
|
74,781 |
|
Notes:
(a) |
|
In connection with our discontinued operations and restructuring
plan announced in October 2001, we recorded certain restructuring and other charges related to the closure of certain facilities and the reorganization
and downsizing of our information technology function. |
(b) |
|
In connection with our initial public offering consummated on
August 18, 1999 (IPO), we recorded noncash, nonrecurring charges for compensation expense related to stock options and a discount to the IPO offering
price upon the exchange of subordinated notes for common stock. In addition, we recorded accretion of Series C and Series D convertible preferred stock
to increase the carrying value of such stock to its potentially redeemable value. |
17
| Item 7. |
|
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations |
The following discussion and analysis presents our
consolidated financial condition at December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001. You
should read the following discussion together with the “Selected Financial Data,” our consolidated financial statements and the
related notes and other financial data contained elsewhere in this annual report. In addition to the historical information provided below, we have
made certain estimates and forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those
anticipated or implied by these estimates and forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those discussed in the section
captioned “Risk Factors,” the introductory paragraph to Part I, and elsewhere in this annual report.
Overview
We consider our core business to be the ownership
and operation of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). As of December 31, 2003, we owned and operated 17 ASCs of which 13 were jointly owned with
physician-partners. We also own other businesses including an optical laboratory, an optical products purchasing organization, and a marketing products
and services company. We also provide management services to two eye care practices.
2003 Financial
Highlights:
• |
|
Consolidated revenue increased 3.2% to $55.5 million. Surgical
facilities revenue increased 8.2% to $36.4 million. |
• |
|
Income from operations increased 42.9% to $7.4
million. |
• |
|
Positive operating cash flow of $9.6 million. |
• |
|
Cash balance of $11.8 million with zero debt outstanding under
our credit facility at December 31, 2003. |
• |
|
Sold minority interests in four ASCs resulting in cash proceeds
of $1.9 million. |
• |
|
Completed all of our remaining discontinued operations
divestiture transactions. |
ASC Strategy. We measure the
success of our ASC strategy based on our ability to achieve or exceed the following key objectives:
• |
|
Acquire and develop new ASCs. We consider the acquisition and
development of new ASCs a key element of our long-term growth strategy. We currently have personnel dedicated to identifying acquisition and
development opportunities. |
• |
|
Strengthen and build relationships with existing and new
physician-partners. Our physician-partners play a significant role in the success of our ASCs. We share a common goal with our physician-partners which
is to operate efficient, productive and profitable ASCs. Our objective is to own greater than 50% of each ASC but less than 100%. We believe that
owning ASCs in partnership with physicians maximizes our opportunity for growth and profitability. During 2002 and 2003 we have sold minority interests
in nine of our ASCs to achieve this objective. Although the sale of minority interests may result in a reduction to our consolidated earnings, we
believe that the joint ownership model will enhance shareholder value over the long-term. |
• |
|
Continue to increase revenue and operating margins in our
existing ASCs. The primary source of revenue at our ASCs is derived from surgical procedures performed. Profitable growth within our existing ASCs is
determined by our ability to maximize efficiency and utilization, expand into medical procedures beyond eye care, and provide quality service to our
physicians and their patients. |
In addition to the above key ASC objectives, our
overall strategy also includes maintaining a strong balance sheet, continuing to grow the other segments of our business, and attracting and retaining
employees to help us achieve our growth objectives.
18
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of
financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that
affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and
judgments based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may
differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
We annually review our financial reporting and
disclosure practices and accounting policies to ensure that our financial reporting and disclosures provide accurate and transparent information
relative to the current economic and business environment. We believe that of our significant accounting policies (see Note 2 in the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-6), the following policies involve a higher degree of judgment and/or
complexity.
Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable,
Net of Allowances. Revenue from surgical procedures performed at our surgical facilities and patient visits to our eye care practices,
net of contractual allowances and a provision for doubtful accounts, is recognized at the time the service is performed. The contractual allowance is
the difference between the fee we charge and the amount we expect to be paid by the patient or the applicable third-party payor, which includes
Medicare and private insurance. We base our estimates for the contractual allowance on the Medicare reimbursement rates when Medicare is the payor, our
contracted rate with other third party payors or our historical experience when we do not have a specific contracted rate. We base our estimate for
doubtful accounts on the aging category and our historical collection experience. Our optical products purchasing organization negotiates buying
discounts with optical product manufacturers. The buying discounts and any handling charges billed to the members of the buying group represent the
revenue recognized. Product sales revenue from our optical laboratories and marketing products and services business, net of an allowance for returns
and discounts, is recognized when the product is shipped or service is provided to the customer. We base our estimates for sales returns and discounts
on historical experience and have not experienced significant fluctuations between estimated and actual return activity and discounts
given.
Accounts receivable have been reduced by the
reserves for estimated contractual allowances and doubtful accounts noted above.
Asset impairment. In assessing
the recoverability of our fixed assets, goodwill and other noncurrent assets, we consider changes in economic conditions and make assumptions regarding
estimated future cash flows and other factors. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record
impairment charges.
Restructuring and discontinued operations
reserves. In 2001, we recorded a $10.9 million pretax charge related to our restructuring plan and a $27.2 million net loss to account
for the contemplated disposal of our discontinued operations. These estimated losses were based on the information available to management at the date
the plan of discontinued operations and restructuring was announced. We evaluate our remaining restructuring and discontinued operations reserves
quarterly. Future revisions to the reserves will be reflected in the financial statements in the period they occur.
Income taxes. We record a
valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be
realized. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing feasible tax strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, if
these estimates and assumptions change in the future, we may be required to adjust our valuation allowance. This could result in a charge to, or an
increase in, income in the period such determination is made.
19
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our operating results
as a percentage of net revenue for the years indicated.
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Net
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surgical
facilities |
|
|
|
|
65.6 |
% |
|
|
62.6 |
% |
|
|
63.2 |
% |
Product sales
and other |
|
|
|
|
34.4 |
|
|
|
37.4 |
|
|
|
36.8 |
|
Total net
revenue |
|
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries,
wages and benefits |
|
|
|
|
36.6 |
|
|
|
37.5 |
|
|
|
40.0 |
|
Cost of sales
and medical supplies |
|
|
|
|
24.1 |
|
|
|
26.3 |
|
|
|
26.0 |
|
Selling,
general and administrative |
|
|
|
|
21.2 |
|
|
|
21.4 |
|
|
|
22.2 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization |
|
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
4.6 |
|
|
|
8.2 |
|
Restructuring
charges |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1.9 |
) |
|
|
20.4 |
|
Other
charges |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
Goodwill
impairment charge |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total
operating expenses |
|
|
|
|
86.7 |
|
|
|
90.4 |
|
|
|
120.0 |
|
Income (loss)
from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
13.3 |
|
|
|
9.6 |
|
|
|
(20.0 |
) |
|
Other
(income) expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
expense |
|
|
|
|
.2 |
|
|
|
.8 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
Interest
income |
|
|
|
|
(.3 |
) |
|
|
(.3 |
) |
|
|
(.1 |
) |
Minority
interests in earnings of consolidated entities |
|
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
.1 |
|
Gain on sale
of minority interests |
|
|
|
|
(1.6 |
) |
|
|
(3.0 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
(.3 |
) |
|
|
(.9 |
) |
|
|
.1 |
|
Total other
(income) expense |
|
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
(1.7 |
) |
|
|
1.9 |
|
Income (loss)
from continuing operations before income taxes |
|
|
|
|
10.5 |
|
|
|
11.3 |
|
|
|
(21.9 |
) |
Income tax
provision (benefit) |
|
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
(8.6 |
) |
Net income
(loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
6.3 |
|
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
|
(13.3 |
) |
Net income
from discontinued operations, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
.4 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
Net loss on
disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(3.4 |
) |
|
|
(50.9 |
) |
Cumulative
effect of change in accounting principal, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(3.4 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Net income
(loss) |
|
|
|
|
6.3 |
% |
|
|
.4 |
% |
|
|
(61.0 |
)% |
Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared to the Year Ended December 31,
2002
Net Revenue
Consolidated. Total net revenue increased
3.2% from $53.8 million to $55.5 million. Net revenue by segment is discussed below.
Surgical Facilities. The table
below summarizes surgical facilities net revenue and procedures performed for 2002 and 2003. Revenues generated from surgical facilities are derived
from the fees charged for the procedures performed in our ASCs and through our laser services agreements. Our procedure volume is directly impacted by
the number of ASCs we operate, the number of excimer lasers in service, and their respective utilization rates. Net surgical facilities revenue
increased 8.2% from $33.7 million to $36.4 million. This increase was primarily the result of a $3.4 million increase from ASCs acquired or developed
since January 1, 2002 (“new ASCs”) and a $1.9 million increase from ASCs that we owned for the entire comparable reporting periods, in this
case since January 1, 2002 (“same-facility”). The increase in same-facility revenue was primarily the result of an increase in the number of
procedures performed. This increase was partially offset by fewer LVC procedures performed in 2003. The reduction in LVC procedures performed was due
to both economic conditions and fewer excimer lasers in operation resulting from the closure of 10 LVC centers and the termination of four laser
services agreements during 2002 and 2003.
20
Dollars in millions
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
Increase/
(Decrease)
|
Net
Surgical Facilities Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Same-facility:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cataracts |
|
|
|
$ |
19.4 |
|
|
$ |
17.9 |
|
|
$ |
1.5 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
|
7.4 |
|
|
|
.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
27.2 |
|
|
|
25.3 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
New
ASCs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cataracts |
|
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
.8 |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
Excimer
lasers:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LVC |
|
|
|
|
3.3 |
|
|
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
(2.6 |
) |
Total Net
Surgical Facilities Revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
36.4 |
|
|
$ |
33.7 |
|
|
$ |
2.7 |
|
Number of
Surgical Facilities Procedures:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Same-facility:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cataracts |
|
|
|
|
20,082 |
|
|
|
18,929 |
|
|
|
1,153 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
11,854 |
|
|
|
8,962 |
|
|
|
2,892 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,936 |
|
|
|
27,891 |
|
|
|
4,045 |
|
New
ASCs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cataracts |
|
|
|
|
4,186 |
|
|
|
1,760 |
|
|
|
2,426 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
2,581 |
|
|
|
1,108 |
|
|
|
1,473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,767 |
|
|
|
2,868 |
|
|
|
3,899 |
|
Excimer
lasers:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LVC |
|
|
|
|
5,974 |
|
|
|
8,385 |
|
|
|
(2,411 |
) |
Total
Number of Surgical Facilities Procedures |
|
|
|
|
44,677 |
|
|
|
39,144 |
|
|
|
5,533 |
|
Government and other third-party payors pay for the
majority of the cataract and other surgical procedures performed in our ASCs. LVC procedures are generally paid for by patients with their own funds.
Medicare, our primary government payor, pays in accordance with predetermined fee schedules. On October 1, 2003, our ASCs received an approximate 2%
price increase from Medicare. Because of federal legislation adopted in December 2003, however, this increase will be eliminated effective April 1,
2004 resulting in an approximate 2% price decrease. These reduced rates may remain frozen through 2009. Although pricing trends from other third-party
payors are uncertain at this time, we do not anticipate that price increases will make a significant contribution to the growth of our surgical
facilities revenue in the future.
The retention of physicians who utilize our ASCs is
important for us to sustain and grow our surgical procedure volume and surgical facilities revenue. Physicians who utilize our ASCs use the facilities
as an extension of their medical practice and many of them have ownership interests in our ASCs. We also generally enter into restrictive covenants
with our physician-partners that prohibit them from owning a competing ASC within a defined geographic radius. We cannot, however, restrict the
physicians from performing surgery elsewhere. Many different factors may influence a physician’s decision on where to perform surgical procedures.
In early 2004, two of our physician-partners in one of our Kansas City, Missouri ASCs informed us that they intended to begin doing their surgical
procedures at a new ASC that was being developed closer to their practice locations. From these discussions, we entered into an agreement with these
physicians in which they purchased from us a release from their restrictions on owning competing facilities. We also agreed to repurchase their equity
interests in the ASC later in 2004. In 2003, these two physicians performed the majority of the surgical procedures at this ASC and their departure
will have a negative impact on procedure volume, revenue and income at this ASC until new physicians begin to use this facility. The negative financial
impact will be mitigated, in part, by the payments they will make for the release of their restrictive covenants. Unless we identify new physicians who choose to
perform surgical procedures at this ASC, it may not generate positive cash flow.
21
Product Sales and Other. The table
below summarizes net product sales and other revenue by significant business component. Product sales and other revenue decreased 5.0% from $20.1
million to $19.1 million. Net revenue at our optical laboratory business decreased $1.2 million, or 19.5%, from 2002 which management believes is due
to competitive and economic conditions. The optical laboratory business customer base, consisting primarily of private practice doctors, has continued
to lose market share to large optical retailers. This decrease was partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in net revenue at our marketing products
and services business. Other revenue decreased $0.2 million primarily due to the loss of a physician at one of our practices.
Dollars in millions
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
Increase/
(Decrease)
|
Product
Sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Optical
laboratories |
|
|
|
$ |
5.1 |
|
|
$ |
6.3 |
|
|
$ |
(1.2 |
) |
Optical
products purchasing organization |
|
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Marketing
products and services |
|
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
.3 |
|
Optometric
practice/retail store |
|
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.9 |
|
|
|
11.7 |
|
|
|
(.8 |
) |
Other:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ophthalmology
practice |
|
|
|
|
7.6 |
|
|
|
7.9 |
|
|
|
(.3 |
) |
Other |
|
|
|
|
.6 |
|
|
|
.5 |
|
|
|
.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.2 |
|
|
|
8.4 |
|
|
|
(.2 |
) |
Total Net
Product Sales and Other Revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
19.1 |
|
|
$ |
20.1 |
|
|
$ |
(1.0 |
) |
Salaries, Wages and Benefits
Consolidated. Salaries, wages and
benefits expense increased 0.7% from $20.2 million to $20.3 million. As a percentage of net revenue, salaries, wages and benefits expense decreased
from 37.5% to 36.6%. Salaries, wages and benefits expense by segment is discussed below.
Surgical Facilities. Salaries,
wages and benefits expense in our surgical facilities segment decreased 2.1% from $7.7 million to $7.5 million. The decrease was the result of the
closure of 10 LVC centers and five regional administrative offices during 2002 and 2003. The regional administrative office activities were absorbed by
corporate personnel in 2003. This decrease was partially offset by costs attributed to new ASCs.
Product Sales and Other. Salaries,
wages and benefits expense in our product sales and other segments decreased 5.2% from $8.6 million to $8.2 million. The decrease was primarily the
result of staff reductions within the optical laboratory and optical products purchasing businesses.
Corporate. Salaries, wages and
benefits expense increased 19.5% from $3.9 million to $4.6 million. The increase is due to additional headcount resulting from the centralization of
some administrative services, annual salary increases and the costs of providing health insurance benefits to our employees.
Cost of Sales and Medical Supplies
Consolidated. Cost of sales and
medical supplies expense decreased 5.3% from $14.1 million to $13.4 million. In 2002, corporate cost of sales and supplies included a $0.2 million
credit relating to a vendor rebate program. As a percentage of net revenue, cost of sales and medical supplies expense decreased from 26.3% to 24.1%.
The decrease as a percentage of revenue is due to our lower profit margin product sales and other revenue decreasing to 34.4% of total revenue in 2003,
down from 37.4% in 2002. Cost of sales and supplies expense by segment is discussed below.
Surgical Facilities. Cost of sales
and medical supplies expense in our surgical facilities segment decreased 1.8% from $8.6 million to $8.4 million. As a percentage of net revenue, cost
of sales and medical supplies expense decreased from 25.6% to 23.2%. The decrease was the result of fewer LVC procedures performed and the closure of LVC
centers during 2002 and 2003. The decrease was partially offset by costs
associated with new ASCs and an increase in procedures performed at same-facility ASCs.
22
Product Sales and Other. Cost of
sales and medical supplies expense in our product sales and other segments decreased 28.7% from $5.8 million to $5.0 million. This decrease is
primarily a result of a reduction in the costs of sales at our optical laboratory business due to the decrease in revenues.
Selling, General and Administrative
Consolidated. Selling, general and
administrative expense increased 2.1% from $11.5 million to $11.8 million. As a percentage of net revenue, selling, general and administrative expense
decreased from 21.4% to 21.2%. Selling, general and administrative expense by segment is discussed below.
Surgical Facilities. Selling,
general and administrative expense in our surgical facilities segment increased 23.7% from $5.9 million to $7.3 million. The increase is due to costs
associated with new ASCs, increased professional liability insurance premiums and our decision in late 2002 to beginning charging a management fee and
billing/collections fee to the ASCs for services rendered by certain corporate personnel. The increase relating to the management fee and
billing/collections fee resulted in a corresponding $1.5 million decrease in corporate expenses. The increase in expense was partially offset by
reductions related to the closure of LVC centers during 2002 and 2003.
Product Sales and Other. Selling,
general and administrative expense in our product sales and other segments increased 2.2% from $3.5 million to $3.6 million. Approximately $0.3 million
of the increase resulted from our decision in late 2002 to beginning charging a management fee to the operating segments for services rendered by
certain corporate personnel. This increase was partially offset by cost reductions at our optical laboratory business and a $0.3 million reduction in
bad debt expense within our optical products purchasing organization.
Corporate. Corporate selling,
general and administrative expense decreased 59.1% from $2.1 million to $.9 million. Approximately $1.8 million of the decrease related to our decision
in late 2002 to beginning charging a management fee and billing/collections fee to the operating segments for services rendered by certain corporate
personnel. This decrease was partially offset by increased costs associated with the required re-audit of the 2000 and 2001 financial statements due to
the change in external auditors and an increase in the premium for directors and officers liability insurance. Due to the increasing regulation imposed
by the SEC on public companies such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we anticipate that we will incur additional costs associated with being a public company
in 2004 and in future years.
Depreciation and
Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense increased 8.8% from $2.5 million to $2.7 million. The increase is due to new ASCs
and increased capital expenditures at our same-facility ASCs.
Restructuring and Other
Charges. We evaluated our restructuring reserve requirements at the end of 2003 and determined that the balance was adequate to cover
the remaining costs associated with our restructuring plan. During 2002 we recorded the reversal of excess reserves of $1.0 million.
Other (Income) Expense. We
recognized $1.6 million of other expense during 2003 versus $0.9 million of other income during 2002. The 2003 expense includes $2.7 million of
minority interest in the earnings of our ASCs compared to $0.9 million in 2002. Minority interest is offset by a $0.9 million gain on the sales of
minority interests in our ASCs compared to $1.6 million in 2002. Minority interest is expected to be higher in 2004 due to the full year impact of the
2003 minority interest sales and additional minority interest sales in 2004. Interest expense decreased by $0.3 million due to significantly less bank
borrowings during 2003. Other income in 2002 also includes $0.4 million of income from proceeds received from the settlement of a class action
lawsuit.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our
effective tax rate was unchanged at 40.0%. Our effective tax rate is affected by expenses that are deducted from operations in arriving at pre-tax
income that are not allowed as a deduction on our federal income tax return.
23
Year Ended December 31, 2002 Compared to the Year Ended December 31,
2001
Net Revenue. Net revenue increased 0.6% from
$53.4 million to $53.8 million. Surgical facilities revenue decreased 0.4% from $33.8 million to $33.7 million, primarily due to a decrease in surgical
procedures performed, offset by an increase in net revenue per procedure. In 2001, net revenue per procedure was reduced by the establishment of
additional contractual allowance reserves of $1.4 million. In 2002, total surgical procedures performed in our surgical facilities decreased 9.2% from
43,131 to 39,144. LVC procedures decreased 44.8%, cataract procedures increased 12.9% and other procedures increased 4.8%, compared to 2001. The
increase in procedures came from newly acquired ASCs. Management believes that the demand for elective LVC surgery continues to be negatively impacted
by the general economic conditions. Due to the decrease in demand, we have closed eight LVC centers since the announcement of our discontinued
operations and restructuring plan. Product sales and other revenue increased 2.3% from $19.7 million to $20.1 million. Net revenues at our optical
products purchasing organization increased 18.0% over 2001. This increase was offset by a 28.3% decrease in revenue at our marketing products business,
which has sold products primarily to the laser vision correction market. Management believes the downturn in the LVC market was the cause of the
decline in revenue of this business.
Salaries, Wages and
Benefits. Salaries, wages and benefits expense decreased 5.6% from $21.4 million to $20.2 million. As a percentage of revenue, salaries,
wages and benefits expense decreased from 40.0% to 37.5%. The decrease in salaries, wages and benefits expense is the result of certain corporate
salaries being charged to the discontinued operations reserves in accordance with the discontinued operations and restructuring plan, staff reductions
at some surgical facilities in response to the reduction in LVC procedures and the closure of several LVC centers in the fourth quarter of 2001 and
during 2002. These decreases were offset, in part, by the increase in salaries, wages and benefits expense from the acquisitions we made in
2002.
Cost of Sales and Medical
Supplies. Cost of sales and medical supplies expense increased 1.7% from $13.9 million to $14.1 million. As a percentage of revenue,
cost of sales and medical supplies expense increased from 26.0% to 26.3%. The absolute increase in cost of sales and medical supplies expense is
primarily a result of 2002 acquisitions offset in part by the closure of under-performing LVC centers. The increase in cost of sales and medical
supplies as a percentage of revenue is due to our lower profit margin product sales and other revenue increasing to 37.4% of total revenue in 2002, up
from 36.8% in 2001.
Selling, General and
Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased 2.9% from $11.9 million to $11.5 million. As a percentage of
revenue, selling, general and administrative expense decreased from 22.2% to 21.4%. The decrease was the result of a $1.3 million reduction in
corporate administrative expenses and bad debt expense, offset by expenses from our 2002 acquisitions.
Restructuring and Other
Charges. We reevaluated our restructuring plan at the end of 2002 and determined we had excess reserves of $1.0 million. The excess
reserves were primarily due to better than expected results resolving outstanding lease obligations and the decision to retain one ASC slated for
closure.
Depreciation and
Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased 43.9% from $4.4 million to $2.5 million. The required cessation of
goodwill amortization as of January 1, 2002 contributed $1.1 million of this decrease. The remainder of the decrease is due to the write-off of assets
at the end of our 2001 third quarter related to our discontinued operations and restructuring plan.
Other (Income) Expense. We
recognized $0.9 million of other income during 2002 versus $1.0 million of other expense during 2001. The current year income includes an aggregate
gain of $1.6 million from the sales of minority interests in our ASCs and $0.4 million of income from proceeds received from a class action lawsuit
settlement. There is $0.9 million of minority interest in the earnings of our ASCs reported in 2002. Interest expense decreased by $0.5 million, the
result of lower average interest rates during 2002 (5.1%) as compared to 2001 (6.5%) as well as lower average borrowing of $10.2 million during 2002 as
compared to $25.7 million during 2001.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our
effective tax rate increased to 40.0% from 39.3%. Our effective tax rate is affected by expenses that are deducted from operations in arriving at
pre-tax income that are not allowed as a deduction on our federal income tax return.
24
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating activities for 2003 generated $9.6 million
in cash flow from continuing operations compared to $12.4 million in 2002. The decrease in operating cash flow from continuing operations resulted
primarily from an increase in accounts receivable and cash distributions to our minority interest partners. The increase in accounts receivable related
to higher billings and a reduction in our bad debt reserve requirements within the product sales segment. The decrease in operating cash flow was
partially offset by a $3.6 million tax refund received during 2003 compared to the $1.5 million received during 2002.
Investing activities in 2003 resulted in positive
cash flow of $13,000. Investing activities include proceeds from the sale of minority equity interests in our ASCs of $1.9 million and proceeds from a
new minority interest partner in conjunction with the development of a new ASC of $0.7 million. These proceeds were offset by the purchase of property
and equipment of $2.9 million, $1.3 million of which relates to the new ASC referred to above. We also received 261,000 shares of our common stock from
the sale of minority interests in three of our ASCs. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, we had cash and cash equivalents of $11.8 million and $2.0
million, respectively, and working capital of $16.9 million and $7.2 million, respectively.
During 2003, we completed five divestiture
transactions and received total cash proceeds of $1.7 million and 756,500 shares of our common stock. We also received as consideration 227,300 shares
of our common stock in repayment of a note receivable from one of our 2002 divestiture transactions.
At December 31, 2003, we had no borrowings
outstanding under our revolving credit facility. We entered into a new amended and restated credit facility effective June 26, 2003. The maximum
commitment available under our facility is $30 million. Interest on borrowings under the credit agreement is payable at an annual rate equal to our
lender’s published base rate plus the applicable borrowing margin ranging from 0% to .5% or LIBOR plus a range from 1.25% to 2.0%, varying upon
our ability to meet financial covenants. In addition, a fee ranging from .175% to .250% is charged on the unused portion of the commitment. The credit
agreement contains covenants that include limitations on indebtedness, liens, capital expenditures, acquisitions and affiliations and ratios that
define borrowing availability and restrictions on the payment of dividends. As of December 31, 2003, we were in compliance with all of our credit
agreement covenants. The credit agreement expires on June 30, 2006.
We expect our cash flow from operations, our
existing cash balance and funds available under our existing credit facility to be sufficient to fund our operations for at least 12 months. Our future
capital requirements and the adequacy of our available funds will depend on many factors, including the timing of our acquisition and expansion
activities, capital requirements associated with our surgical facilities, and the future cost of surgical equipment.
We are a party to option agreements with various
physicians pursuant to which the physicians have the right to purchase or sell equity interests in six of our 17 ASCs. These are summarized as
follows:
• |
|
An entity owned in part by two former affiliated doctors has the
option to purchase a 10% interest in our New Albany, IN ASC by April 1, 2004. We have received notice of their intention to purchase and anticipate
finalizing the transaction on or before April 1, 2004; |
• |
|
One of our former affiliated physicians who owns a 5% interest
in our River Forest, IL ASC has the option to acquire an additional 5% interest, exercisable on or before July 1, 2005; |
• |
|
Two of our former affiliated physicians who own a 49% interest
in our Overland Park, KS ASC have an option to purchase our remaining 51% interest, exercisable on April 15, 2005; |
• |
|
One of our former affiliated physicians who owns a 49% interest
in our Merrillville, IN ASC has an option to purchase our remaining 51% interest, exercisable at periodic intervals beginning March 1, 2005 through
March 1, 2008; |
• |
|
One of our existing physician-partners who owns a 40% interest
in our Thibodaux, LA ASC has the right to sell us up to a 10% interest in the ASC in November 2004 and up to an additional 10% interest in November
2006; and |
• |
|
One of our former affiliated physicians has an option to
purchase a 10% interest in our wholly owned Florissant, MO ASC, exercisable on or before July 31, 2004. |
25
In the event these options are exercised, we will
receive cash proceeds from these sales. In many of these instances, we also have corresponding rights to sell the stated equity interests to the
physicians at the same timing intervals. Moreover, depending on the circumstances, we may also agree in the future from time to time to sell equity
interests in one or more of our ASCs to the physicians who are parties to these option agreements on terms and at timing intervals different than those
set forth in these agreements.
We have a nonexclusive supply agreement with Alcon
Laboratories, Inc. pursuant to which we can procure and utilize excimer lasers and other equipment manufactured by Alcon. Through the termination date
of December 31, 2006, we will pay Alcon monthly based on the number of procedures performed on each of our APEX/Infinity lasers and LADARVision
Systems. We are required to pay for a minimum number of annual procedures on each LADARVision System during the remaining term, whether or not these
procedures are performed. Assuming we don’t procure additional LADARVision Systems under the agreement, the annual minimum commitment for each of
the next three years commencing with 2004 would be approximately $1.0 million, $1.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
We have various contractual obligations which are
recorded as liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. Other items, such as certain purchase commitments are not recognized as liabilities
in our consolidated financial statements but are required to be disclosed. For example, we are contractually committed to make certain minimum lease
payments for the use of property under operating lease agreements. The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations and
commitments at December 31, 2003 and the future periods in which such obligations are expected to be settled in cash.
|
|
|
|
Payments due by period (dollars in thousands)
|
|
Contractual Obligations
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Less than
1 year
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
3-5 years
|
|
More than
5 years
|
Capital
lease |
|
|
|
$ |
165 |
|
|
$ |
86 |
|
|
$ |
79 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Operating
lease |
|
|
|
|
11,013 |
|
|
|
2,838 |
|
|
|
4,289 |
|
|
|
2,477 |
|
|
|
1,409 |
|
Purchase
commitments |
|
|
|
|
3,566 |
|
|
|
1,280 |
|
|
|
2,286 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total |
|
|
|
$ |
14,744 |
|
|
$ |
4,204 |
|
|
$ |
6,654 |
|
|
$ |
2,477 |
|
|
$ |
1,409 |
|
|
|
|
|
Expiration by period (dollars in thousands)
|
|
Commercial Commitments
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Less than
1 year
|
|
1-3 years
|
|
3-5 years
|
|
More than
5 years
|
Letter of
Credit |
|
|
|
$ |
215 |
|
|
$ |
215 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Total |
|
|
|
$ |
215 |
|
|
$ |
215 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
New Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No.
46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51 (FIN 46). In December 2003, the FASB issued a new version of
FIN 46. FIN 46, in both its original and revised versions, provides a framework for identifying variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and
determining when a company should consolidate a VIE for financial reporting purposes. FIN 46 was initially effective for VIEs created after January 31,
2003, with the provisions of the revised FIN 46 effective for periods ending after December 15, 2003. The adoption of FIN 46 did not have an impact on
our financial position or results of operations.
In December 2002, the FASB Issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No.
123. This pronouncement provides alternative methods of transition for an entity that voluntarily changes to the fair value based method of
accounting for stock-based employee compensation. It also amends the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosure of the effects
on reported net income of an entity’s accounting policy decisions with respect to stock-based employee compensation. We have elected to continue
to apply APB Opinion 25 and account for stock-based compensation under the intrinsic value method. We have amended our disclosures to those required by
SFAS 148.
26
Risk Factors
The following factors should be considered in
evaluating our company and our business. These factors may have a significant impact on our business, operating results and financial
condition.
Risks Relating to Our Business
Our failure to operate, acquire or develop a sufficient number of profitable
surgical facilities could limit our profitability and revenue growth
Our growth strategy is focused on growing our
existing ASCs and acquiring or developing new ASCs in a cost-effective manner. We may not experience an increase in surgical procedures at our existing
or future ASCs. We may not be able to achieve the economies of scale and patient base, or provide the business, administrative and financial services
required to sustain profitability in our existing and future ASCs. Newly acquired or developed facilities may generate losses or experience lower
operating margins than our more established facilities, or they may not generate returns that justify our investment. In addition, if vision correction
technology becomes available to ophthalmologists that is less expensive than the medical equipment currently required for laser vision correction,
ophthalmologists might have less interest in using our ASCs or refractive surgical equipment for vision correction procedures.
We closed our last acquisition of an ASC in
September 2002. The current market for ASC acquisitions is very competitive, and most potential targets are evaluating offers from multiple bidders.
This bidding process often results in increased purchase prices and less favorable transaction terms. In many instances, we have dropped out of the
bidding because we thought the price was too high or the terms were unacceptable. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition or development
targets, successfully negotiate the acquisition or development of these facilities on satisfactory terms, or have the access to capital to finance
these endeavors.
We anticipate that we will fund the acquisition and
development of future ASCs from our existing cash balance, cash generated from our operations and amounts borrowed under our credit facility. The
maximum commitment available under our credit facility is currently $30 million. Our current credit facility expires on June 30, 2006.
If we are unable to successfully implement our
growth strategy or manage our growth effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our ability to remain
profitable, could be adversely affected.
We may not compete effectively with other companies that have more resources and
experience than us
Competitors with substantially greater financial,
technical, managerial, marketing and other resources and experience may compete more effectively than us. We compete with other businesses, including
ASC companies, hospitals, individual ophthalmologists, other ASCs, laser vision correction centers, eye care clinics and providers of retail optical
products. Competitors with substantially greater resources may be more successful in acquiring and developing surgical facilities. Our optical
laboratories and optical products purchasing organization also face competition on national, regional and local levels. Companies in other health care
industry segments, including managers of hospital-based medical specialties or large group medical practices, may become competitors in providing ASCs
and surgical equipment as well as competitive eye care related services. Competition for retaining the services of highly qualified medical, technical
and managerial personnel is significant.
Reduced prices and reimbursement rates for surgical procedures as a result of
competition or Medicare and private third party payor cost containment efforts could reduce our revenue, profitability and cash flow.
Government sponsored health care programs, directly
or indirectly, accounted for approximately 39% of our consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2003. The health care industry is continuing
to experience a trend toward cost containment as government and private third-party payors seek to impose lower reimbursement and utilization rates and
to negotiate reduced payment schedules with health care providers. These trends may result in a reduction from historical levels in per patient revenue
received by our ASCs. Changes in Medicare payment rates have, in the past, resulted in reduced payments to ASCs. Medicaid and private insurance
payments also could be affected to the extent that these insurance companies use payment methodologies based on Medicare rates.
27
On December 8, 2003, the Medicare Prescription Drug,
Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (referred to as the Medicare Prescription Drug Act or the Medicare Modernization Act) was signed into law.
The Medicare Prescription Drug Act eliminates the historical practice of basing ASC facility fees on cost surveys of ASCs. Effective April 1, 2004, the
Medicare Prescription Drug Act requires CMS to set ASC Medicare reimbursement rates at a level that reflects the Consumer Price Index for the 12 months
ending March 31, 2003 for urban consumers, minus 3%. These rates eliminated the increased rates that went into effect October 1, 2003, and this will
adversely affect the revenues of our ASCs, making it more difficult to keep pace with rising costs. The Medicare Prescription Drug Act directs the
General Accounting Office to conduct a study of ASC payment rates and hospital outpatient department rates, and to make recommendations to CMS for an
ASC rate structure, with such recommendations to be made by no later than January 1, 2005. CMS must then implement a new ASC Medicare rate structure
between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2007, which new rate structure may not be used to achieve further budget savings. If CMS does not implement a
new ASC rate structure by December 31, 2007, the rates dictated by the Medicare Prescription Drug Act will remain in effect through December 2009,
without increases. The freezing of ASC payment rates, and any new rate structure that CMS may put in place by January 1, 2008, could adversely affect
the revenues of our business. We cannot determine at this time what the full impact of such rate structures will be.
Before adoption of the Medicare Prescription Drug
Act, the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, or MedPAC, and the Office of Inspector General, or OIG, recommended changes to the Medicare payment
methodology for ASCs. MedPAC is a congressional advisory body whose sole role is to advise Congress on Medicare payment issues, while the OIG is a
governmental agency responsible for investigating and monitoring Medicare, Medicaid and other DHHS programs. Generally, MedPAC has recommended that
reimbursement levels for ASC procedures not exceed reimbursement levels paid to hospital outpatient departments, while the OIG has recommended that
whichever reimbursement level is lowest for a particular procedure be the governing rate for both ASCs and hospital outpatient departments. In
addition, MedPAC recommended that ASCs not receive any inflation increases in 2004, essentially freezing ASC payments at 2003 levels. These are
recommendations only and it is uncertain if Congress or CMS will act on either or both recommendations. If these recommendations become effective, our
revenue and profitability could be adversely affected. While most of our existing ASC surgical procedures are generally reimbursed at levels lower than
hospital outpatient departments, some of our existing surgical procedures are reimbursed at higher levels. If Congress or CMS adopts these
recommendations, our reimbursement levels for such procedures could decrease, which would adversely affect our revenues.
Revenue from laser vision correction procedures
comprised approximately 9% of our surgical facilities revenue for the year ended December 31, 2003. The market for providing laser vision correction
and other refractive surgery procedures continues to be highly competitive. This competitiveness has resulted in many of our competitors offering laser
vision correction or other refractive surgery services at lower prices than the prices we charge. If price competition continues, however, we may
choose or be forced to lower the facility fees we charge in our surgical facilities. If we lower our fees, we could experience reductions in our
revenue, profitability and cash flow.
Our revenue and profitability could decrease if we are unable to maintain
positive relationships with the physicians who perform surgical procedures at our ASCs
The success of our business depends on our
relationship with, and the success and efforts of, the physicians who perform surgical procedures at our ASCs. Our revenue and profitability would
decline if our relationship with key physicians deteriorated or those physicians reduced or eliminated their use of our ASCs.
For example, since late 2001 and until our last
divestiture transaction in December 2003, we have negotiated and consummated 19 divestiture transactions with our former affiliated providers, many of
whom were also customers using our ASCs and excimer lasers, and/or purchasing products from our optical products division. For example, physicians
affiliated with us before we began our discontinued operations plan in December 2001 performed 70% of the surgical procedures in our ASCs in
2003.
Given the nature of the doctor services industry,
particularly with respect to the physician practice management model that we used to form the structure of our relationships, some of our affiliated
providers viewed favorably the prospects of terminating our services agreements and regaining the day-to-day control over their business operations.
Despite their desire to terminate our management services relationship, the negotiations to reach agreement on many of these divestitures on terms
acceptable to our lenders and us were long and difficult. These
28
negotiations may have placed a strain on our future relationships with these
doctors. These strained relationships could deter a doctor from purchasing our optical products and services or using our ASCs even in situations where
they own minority equity interests in the ASC.
As part of the terms of each applicable divestiture
transaction, we negotiated multi-year supply and refractive services agreements where we continue to be the primary supplier of optical products and
refractive technology to our former affiliated providers. In future years as these agreements expire or otherwise terminate, or if the other parties
were to successfully challenge the enforceability of the agreements, our former affiliated providers may elect to purchase or use optical products
and/or refractive technology from sources other than us, thereby reducing our profitability and revenue growth. Generally, these supply agreements will
expire between March 2007 and May 2009, and the product sales revenue generated from these customers in 2003 constituted less than three percent of our
total product sales revenue. Our refractive services agreements will expire between February 2006 and November 2007. During 2003, we negotiated the
early termination of one of our refractive services agreement with a former affiliated physician in exchange for a cash payment.
In addition, co-owning ASCs with physicians may
create additional regulatory risk. See “Government Regulation — Federal Law — Anti-Kickback Statute.”
Regulation of the construction, acquisition or expansion of ASCs could prevent
us from developing, acquiring or expanding facilities
All states require licenses to own and operate ASCs,
and some states require a certificate of need, or CON, to construct or modify an ASC. If we are unable to procure the appropriate state licensure
approvals, or if we are unable to obtain a CON in states with CON laws, then we may not be able to acquire or construct a sufficient number of ASCs, or
to expand the scope of services offered in our existing ASCs, to achieve our growth strategy. See “Government Regulation — State
Law.”
Although we have completed our discontinued operations plan, we may continue to
have liabilities and expenses relating to our management services business.
Having negotiated and consummated all of our
divestiture transactions, we have assigned or been released from many of the ongoing liabilities relating to the operation of our management services
business, such as real property and equipment leases relating to the operations of our former affiliated practices. In some instances, however, lessors
and other third parties have required us to remain liable under these agreements. In these cases, we are indemnified by our former affiliated providers
against any costs and obligations that we may have to incur under these agreements. If we do incur such liability, our indemnification rights may prove
worthless if our former affiliated providers cannot satisfy their liabilities to us. In addition, under the terms of our divestiture agreements, we
have also agreed to share with our former affiliated providers certain potential liabilities, principally relating to any refunds that may ultimately
be due and owing to third party payors for cash received by us during the period we managed our former affiliated practices. Consequently, our payment
of residual liabilities and expenses relating to our management services business could limit or reduce our revenue and profitability.
Our future profitability could decrease because of existing agreements with
physicians that may require us to sell them some or all of our equity interests in our ASCs
We are a party to option agreements with various
physicians pursuant to which the physicians have the right to purchase equity interests in five of our 17 ASCs. The sale of these equity interests will
reduce the percentage of the profits we are entitled to receive from these facilities. Unless there is an offsetting increase in surgical volume at
these facilities, our dilution from these equity interest sales will likely cause our profits from these facilities to decline. Although these
agreements in most instances contemplate the doctors’ purchase of minority interests in these facilities, doctors have the right to purchase our
remaining majority interest in two of our existing ASCs.
29
Changes in the interpretation of existing laws and regulations, or adoption of
new laws or regulations, governing our business operations, including physician use and/or ownership of ambulatory surgery centers, could result in
penalties to us, require us to incur significant expenditures, or force us to make changes to our business operations.
We are subject to extensive government regulation
and supervision under federal, state and local laws and regulations. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to varying interpretations, and
courts and regulatory authorities generally have provided limited clarification. Moreover, state and local laws and interpretations vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction. As a result, we may not always be able to accurately predict interpretations of applicable law, and federal and state
authorities could challenge some of our activities, including our co-ownership of ASCs with physicians and other investors. If any of our activities
are challenged, we may have to divert substantial time, attention and resources from running our business to defend our activities against these
challenges, regardless of their merit. If we do not successfully defend these challenges, we may face a variety of adverse consequences,
including:
• |
|
loss of use of our ASCs |
• |
|
losing our eligibility to participate in Medicare or Medicaid or
losing other contracting privileges |
• |
|
in some instances, civil or criminal fines or
penalties |
Any of these results could impair our sources of
revenue and our profitability and limit our ability to grow our business.
For example, the federal anti-kickback statute
prohibits the knowing and willful solicitation, receipt, offer or payment of any direct or indirect remuneration in return for the referral of patients
or the ordering or purchasing of items or services payable under Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. This statute is very broad
and Congress directed the Department of Health and Human Services to develop regulatory exceptions, known as safe harbors, to the statute’s
referral prohibitions. While we have attempted to structure the ownership and operation of our ASCs within a safe harbor, we do not satisfy all of the
requirements. Because there is no legal requirement that relationships fit within a safe harbor, a business arrangement that doesn’t comply with
the safe harbor, or for which a safe harbor does not exist, does not necessarily violate the anti-kickback statute.
Presently, despite the fact that we do not fit
within a safe harbor, we believe that our ownership and operation of ASCs complies with the anti-kickback statute. However, existing interpretations or
enforcement of the federal anti-kickback statute or other applicable federal or state laws and regulations could change. If so, violations of the
anti-kickback statute or other laws may result in substantial civil and criminal penalties and exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and
other federally funded programs.
In addition, our limited liability company
agreements and limited partnership agreements provide that if certain laws and regulations change, or the interpretation and/or enforcement of such
laws and regulations change, we may have to purchase some or all of the minority equity interests in our ASCs owned by physicians. The regulatory
changes that could trigger this repurchase include it becoming: (i) illegal for a physician to own an equity interest in one of our ASCs; (ii) illegal
for physician-owners in our ASCs to refer Medicare or other patients to the facility; or (iii) substantially likely that the receipt by
physician-owners of cash distributions from the limited liability company or partnership will be illegal. The cost of repurchasing these equity
interests would be substantial. We may not have sufficient capital resources to fund these obligations, and it may trigger the need to procure
additional equity financing. To the extent any such financing was available to us, it would likely be dilutive to our current equity holders. While we
attempt to structure these purchase obligations as favorable as possible to us, the triggering of these obligations could have a significantly negative
effect on our financial condition and business prospects.
If eye care professionals and the general population do not continue to accept
laser vision correction and other refractive surgical procedures as alternatives to eyeglasses and contact lenses, an important source of our
historical and future revenue and earnings growth will be limited
Our profitability and growth will depend, in part,
upon continued acceptance by eye care professionals and the general population of laser vision correction and other refractive surgical procedures in
the U.S. Eye care professionals and the general population might not continue to accept laser vision correction surgery because of
30
the cost of the procedure that, to date, has primarily been paid directly by
patients, and concerns about the safety and effectiveness of laser vision correction. If eye care professionals and the general population do not
continue to accept laser vision correction and other refractive surgical procedures, an important source of our historical and future revenue and
earnings growth will be limited.
We have a long-term, non-exclusive supply agreement
with Alcon Laboratories Inc. under which we have procured excimer lasers. We pay Alcon monthly based on the number of procedures performed on each
laser, but are required to pay for a minimum number of procedures per year for each laser, regardless of whether the procedure is performed. If these
minimum procedure thresholds exceed the actual number of procedures performed, these obligations will have an adverse effect on our financial condition
and operating results.
Rapid technological advances may reduce our sources of revenue and our
profitability
Adoption of new technologies that may be comparable
or superior to existing technologies for surgical equipment could reduce the amount of the facility fees we receive from physicians who use our
surgical facilities, or the amount of revenue derived from our laser services agreements. Reduction of these sources of revenue could decrease our
profitability. In this case, we might have to expend significant capital resources to deploy new technology and related equipment to remain
competitive. Our inability to provide access to new and improving technology could deter physicians from using our surgical facilities or
equipment.
Loss of the services of key management personnel could adversely affect our
business
Our success depends, in part, on the services of key
management personnel, including Stephen J. Winjum, our Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer; Scott T. Macomber, our Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and E. Michele Vickery, our Executive Vice President Operations. We do not know of any reason why we might
be likely to lose the services of any of these officers. However, in light of the role that each of these officers is expected to play in our future
growth, if we lost the services of any of these officers, we believe that our business could be adversely affected.
The nature of our business could subject us to potential malpractice, product
liability and other claims
The provision of surgical services entails the
potentially significant risk of physical injury to patients and an inherent risk of potential malpractice, product liability and other similar claims.
Our insurance may not be adequate to satisfy claims or protect us and this coverage may not continue to be available at acceptable costs. A partially
or completely uninsured claim against us could reduce our earnings and working capital.
Our insurance policies are generally renewed on an
annual basis. Recent insurance industry dynamics have resulted in significant premium increases for various types of insurance coverage on an
industry-wide basis, including professional liability insurance. Although we believe we will be able to renew our current policies or otherwise obtain
comparable professional liability coverage, we have no control over the potential costs of such renewal given the current state of the insurance
industry. Further increases in professional liability and other insurance premiums will negatively affect our profitability.
If a change in events or circumstances causes us to write-off a portion of
intangible assets, our total assets could be reduced significantly and we could incur a substantial charge to earnings
Our assets include intangible assets primarily in
the form of goodwill. At December 31, 2003, intangible assets of our continuing operations represented approximately 42% of total assets and 53% of
stockholders’ equity. The intangible asset value represents the excess of cost over the fair value of the separately identifiable net assets
acquired in connection with our acquisitions and affiliations. The value of these assets may not be realized. We regularly evaluate whether events and
circumstances have occurred that indicate all or a portion of the carrying amount of the asset may no longer be recoverable, in which case an
additional charge to earnings may become necessary. If, during our evaluation, we determine that the risk-adjusted expected cash flows from an ASC or
other business is not sufficient to recover the unamortized intangible asset, we will reduce the unamortized balance to its realizable amount and incur
a corresponding charge to earnings. If, in the future, we determine that our unamortized intangible assets have suffered an impairment which requires
us to write off a portion of unamortized intangible assets due
31
to a change in events or circumstances, this write-off could significantly reduce
our total assets and we could incur a substantial charge to earnings, as well as be in default under one or more covenants in our credit
facility.
Becoming and remaining compliant with federal regulations enacted under the
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act could require us to expend significant resources and capital, and could impair our profitability
and limit our ability to grow our business
Numerous federal regulations have been adopted under
the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Compliance with HIPAA regulations governing patient privacy was required by
April 14, 2003. We have taken actions in an effort to establish our compliance with HIPAA’s Privacy regulations, and we believe that we are in
substantial compliance with HIPAA’s privacy regulations. These actions include having our ASCs and affiliated providers implement new
HIPAA-compliant policies and procedures, conducting employee HIPAA training, identifying “business associates” with whom we need to enter
into HIPAA-compliant contractual arrangements and entering into such arrangements, and various other measures. Ongoing implementation and oversight of
these measures involves significant time, effort and expense.
Other federal regulations adopted under HIPAA
require that our affiliated providers and we be capable of conducting certain standardized health care transactions, including billing and other claims
transactions. We have undertaken significant efforts, involving substantial time and expense, to assure that our ASCs and affiliated providers can
submit transactions in compliance with HIPAA. We anticipate that continuing time and expense will be required to maintain the ability to submit
HIPAA-compliant transactions, and to make sure that newly-acquired ASCs can submit HIPAA-compliant transactions.
In addition, compliance with the HIPAA Security
Standards regulations is required by April 21, 2005. Although difficult to predict at this time, the amount of time, effort and expense associated with
becoming and remaining compliant with these HIPAA regulations could require us to divert time, attention and resources from our business operations,
and/or require us to spend substantial sums that could impair our profitability.
HIPAA violations could expose us to civil penalties
of up to $25,000 per person per year for each violation or criminal penalties with fines of up to $250,000 and/or up to 10 years in prison per
violation.
Risks Relating to our Common Stock
Fluctuations in our quarterly operating results may make it difficult to predict
our future results of operations and may cause volatility in our stock price
During 2003, the market price of our common stock
was volatile, fluctuating from a high trading price of $4.09 to a low trading price of $0.97 per share. Our results of operations have varied and may
continue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter. We have a high level of fixed operating costs, including compensation costs, rent and minimum usage
commitments on our excimer lasers. As a result, our profitability depends to a large degree on the volume of surgical procedures performed in, and on
our ability to utilize the capacity of, our surgical facilities, as well as the volume of surgical procedures performed through our laser services
agreements.
The timing and degree of fluctuations in our
operating results will depend on several factors, including:
• |
|
general economic conditions |
• |
|
decreases in demand for non-emergency procedures due to severe
weather |
• |
|
availability or sudden loss of the services of physicians who
utilize our surgical facilities |
• |
|
availability or shortages of surgery-related products and
equipment, including technologically progressive laser vision correction equipment |
• |
|
the timing and relative size of acquisitions |
These kinds of fluctuations in quarterly operating
results may make it difficult for you to assess our future results of operations and may cause a decline or volatility in our stock
price.
32
Any return on your investment in our stock will depend on your ability to sell
our stock at a profit
We have never declared or paid any dividends and our
credit agreement prohibits payment of dividends on our common stock. We anticipate that we will not declare dividends at any time in the foreseeable
future. Instead we will retain earnings for use in our business. As a result, your return on an investment in our stock likely will depend on your
ability to sell our stock at a profit.
In addition, the stock market has, from time to
time, experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common
stock.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About
Market Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily
to our debt obligations and temporary cash investments. Interest rate risk is managed through variable rate and term borrowings under our credit
facility. On December 31, 2003, we had no debt outstanding under our credit facility. Our revolving line of credit bears interest at an annual rate
equal to our lender’s published base rate plus applicable borrowing margin ranging from 0% to 0.50% or LIBOR plus a range from 1.25% to 2.00%,
varying upon our ability to meet financial covenants.
We do not use any derivative financial instruments
relating to the risk associated with changes in interest rates.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary
Data
The consolidated financial statements and financial
statement schedules, with the report of independent auditors, listed in Item 15 are included in this Form 10-K.
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure
The information in response to this item with
respect to our change in accountants from Arthur Andersen LLP to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is incorporated by reference from the “Executive
Compensation” section of the Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with our 2004 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders (the “2004 Proxy Statement”).
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
We maintain a system of disclosure controls and
procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-154(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that
information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including
our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosures.
We have carried out an evaluation under the
supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (its principal executive officer and principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the
design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on their evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report,
in all material respects, to ensure that required information will be disclosed on a timely basis in our reports filed under the Exchange
Act.
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls
and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable
assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily was required to apply their judgment in evaluating the
cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We believe our disclosure controls and procedures provide such reasonable
assurance.
33
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the
Registrant
The information in response to this item is
incorporated by reference from the “Proposal No. 1 — Election of Directors,” “Other Directors” and “Executive
Officers” sections of the 2004 Proxy Statement.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information in response to this item is
incorporated by reference from the “Executive Compensation” section of the 2004 Proxy Statement.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
and Management
The information in response to this item is
incorporated by reference from the “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Executive Compensation”
sections of the 2004 Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions
The information in response to this item is
incorporated by reference from the “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” section of the 2004 Proxy Statement.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and
Services
The information in response to this item is
incorporated by reference from the “Disclosure of Auditor Fees” section of the 2004 Proxy Statement.
34
PART IV
| Item 15. |
|
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form
8-K |
(a) |
|
The following documents are filed as part of this Form
10-K: |
1. |
|
The following consolidated financial statements of the Company,
with the report of independent auditors, are filed as part of this Form 10-K: |
• |
|
Report of Independent Auditors |
• |
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets |
• |
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations |
• |
|
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity |
• |
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
• |
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
2. |
|
The following consolidated financial statement schedules of the
Company are filed as part of this Form 10-K: |
Schedule I — Rule 12-09 Valuation Reserves
3. |
|
The following exhibits are filed with this Form 10-K or
incorporated by reference as set forth below. |
Exhibit
Number
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
| 3.1 |
† |
|
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the |
| |
|
|
|
Registrant |
| 3.2 |
†† |
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant |
| 3.3 |
|
|
|
Certificate of Ownership and Merger |
| 4.1 |
† |
|
|
Specimen stock certificate representing Common Stock |
| 4.2 |
† |
|
|
Registrant’s Rights Agreement |
| 10.1 |
†† |
|
|
Registrant’s Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan |
| 10.2 |
† |
|
|
Registrant’s Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Purchase Plan |
| 10.3 |
† |
|
|
Indemnification Agreement |
| 10.4 |
† |
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement |
| 10.5 |
† |
|
|
Subordinated Registration Rights Agreement |
| 10.15 |
† |
|
|
Registrant’s 401(k) Plan |
| 10.23 |
†††* |
|
|
Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Agreement |
| 10.24 |
†††† |
|
|
Employment Agreement dated August 17, 2001 with Stephen J. Winjum |
| 10.25 |
†††† |
|
|
Employment Agreement dated August 17, 2001 with E. Michele Vickery |
| 10.27 |
††††† |
|
|
Employment Agreement dated October 16, 2001 with Scott T. Macomber |
| 10.31 |
†††††††† |
|
|
Registrant’s 2000 Employee Stock Incentive Plan |
| 10.32 |
†††††††† |
|
|
Registrant’s 2001 Employee Stock Incentive Plan |
| 10.33 |
††††††* |
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Agreement |
| 10.34 |
††††††† |
|
|
Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 26, 2003 |
| 21 |
|
|
|
Subsidiaries of the Registrant |
| 23.1 |
|
|
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
| 31.1 |
|
|
|
Certification by the CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| 31.2 |
|
|
|
Certification by the CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| 32 |
|
|
|
Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit of the
Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-79271). |
35
†† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit of the
Registrant’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 2001. |
††† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit on the
Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 15, 2001. |
†††† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit on the
Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2001. |
††††† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit on the
Registrant’s Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2002. |
†††††† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit on the
Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2003. |
††††††† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit on the
Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2003. |
†††††††† |
|
Incorporated by reference to the corresponding Exhibit on the Registrant’s Form 10-K
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 14, 2003. |
* |
|
Portions of this Exhibit have been omitted based upon a request
for confidential treatment of this document; omitted portions have been separately filed with the Commission. |
We filed a report on Form 8-K dated November 5, 2003
during the fourth quarter of 2003 disclosing our press release that announced our results of operations for the period ended September 30,
2003.
36
Report of Independent Auditors
To the Board Directors and Shareholders
of NovaMed Eyecare,
Inc:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial
statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of NovaMed Eyecare, Inc.
and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years
in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our
opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) present fairly, in all material respects, the information
set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement
schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and
financial statement schedules based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 9, 2004
F-1
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2003
|
|
December 31,
2002
|
ASSETS
|
Current
assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash
equivalents, including $149 and $143 of
restricted cash, respectively |
|
|
|
$ |
11,801 |
|
|
$ |
1,957 |
|
Accounts
receivable, net of allowances of $7,611 and
$6,033, respectively |
|
|
|
|
8,219 |
|
|
|
7,060 |
|
Notes and
amounts due from affiliated providers |
|
|
|
|
1,089 |
|
|
|
1,280 |
|
Notes
receivable from related parties |
|
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
|
1,289 |
|
Inventory |
|
|
|
|
1,397 |
|
|
|
1,020 |
|
Current
deferred tax assets, net and tax receivables |
|
|
|
|
542 |
|
|
|
2,940 |
|
Other current
assets |
|
|
|
|
1,107 |
|
|
|
1,175 |
|
Current
assets of discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,575 |
|
Total current
assets |
|
|
|
|
24,752 |
|
|
|
19,296 |
|
Property and
equipment, net |
|
|
|
|
7,918 |
|
|
|
7,008 |
|
Intangible
assets, net |
|
|
|
|
26,749 |
|
|
|
26,756 |
|
Noncurrent
deferred tax assets, net |
|
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
|
|
7,861 |
|
Other assets,
net |
|
|
|
|
339 |
|
|
|
1,406 |
|
Noncurrent
assets of discontinued operations, net |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,801 |
|
Total
assets |
|
|
|
$ |
63,888 |
|
|
$ |
64,128 |
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
|
Current
liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable |
|
|
|
$ |
4,078 |
|
|
$ |
4,033 |
|
Accrued
expenses |
|
|
|
|
2,374 |
|
|
|
3,317 |
|
Restructuring
reserves |
|
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
784 |
|
Current
maturities of long-term debt |
|
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
Current
liabilities of discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
1,068 |
|
|
|
3,844 |
|
Total current
liabilities |
|
|
|
|
7,860 |
|
|
|
12,070 |
|
Long-term
debt, net of current maturities |
|
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
Minority
interest |
|
|
|
|
5,841 |
|
|
|
3,399 |
|
Commitments
and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’ equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series E
Junior Participating Preferred Stock, $0.01 par
value, 1,912,000 shares authorized, none outstanding at
December 31, 2003 and 2002,
respectively |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Common stock,
$0.01 par value, 81,761,465 shares
authorized, 25,046,195 and 24,905,507 shares issued
at December 31, 2003 and 2002,
respectively |
|
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
249 |
|
Additional
paid-in-capital |
|
|
|
|
77,964 |
|
|
|
77,753 |
|
Accumulated
deficit |
|
|
|
|
(23,641 |
) |
|
|
(27,132 |
) |
Treasury
stock, at cost, 3,843,399 and 2,473,640 shares at
December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively |
|
|
|
|
(4,460 |
) |
|
|
(2,222 |
) |
Total
stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
|
50,113 |
|
|
|
48,648 |
|
Total
liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
$ |
63,888 |
|
|
$ |
64,128 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-2
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
OPERATIONS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Net
revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surgical
facilities |
|
|
|
$ |
36,410 |
|
|
$ |
33,665 |
|
|
$ |
33,786 |
|
Product sales
and other |
|
|
|
|
19,096 |
|
|
|
20,108 |
|
|
|
19,654 |
|
Total net
revenue |
|
|
|
|
55,506 |
|
|
|
53,773 |
|
|
|
53,440 |
|
Operating
expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries,
wages and benefits |
|
|
|
|
20,297 |
|
|
|
20,158 |
|
|
|
21,359 |
|
Cost of sales
and medical supplies |
|
|
|
|
13,395 |
|
|
|
14,146 |
|
|
|
13,905 |
|
Selling,
general and administrative |
|
|
|
|
11,760 |
|
|
|
11,515 |
|
|
|
11,856 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization |
|
|
|
|
2,677 |
|
|
|
2,461 |
|
|
|
4,390 |
|
Restructuring
charges |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,005 |
) |
|
|
10,912 |
|
Other
charges |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,710 |
|
Goodwill
impairment charge |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,336 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total
operating expenses |
|
|
|
|
48,129 |
|
|
|
48,611 |
|
|
|
64,132 |
|
Income (loss)
from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
7,377 |
|
|
|
5,162 |
|
|
|
(10,692 |
) |
Other
(income) expense:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
expense |
|
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
|
965 |
|
Interest
income |
|
|
|
|
(131 |
) |
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
(58 |
) |
Minority
interests in earnings of consolidated entities |
|
|
|
|
2,656 |
|
|
|
906 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
Gain on sale
of minority interests |
|
|
|
|
(892 |
) |
|
|
(1,584 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
(181 |
) |
|
|
(513 |
) |
|
|
57 |
|
Total other
(income) expense |
|
|
|
|
1,571 |
|
|
|
(934 |
) |
|
|
992 |
|
Income (loss)
from continuing operations before income taxes |
|
|
|
|
5,806 |
|
|
|
6,096 |
|
|
|
(11,684 |
) |
Income tax
provision (benefit) |
|
|
|
|
2,322 |
|
|
|
2,439 |
|
|
|
(4,591 |
) |
|
Net income
(loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
3,484 |
|
|
|
3,657 |
|
|
|
(7,093 |
) |
Net income
from discontinued operations, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
1,709 |
|
Net loss on
disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,850 |
) |
|
|
(27,213 |
) |
Cumulative
effect of change in accounting principle, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,803 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Net income
(loss) |
|
|
|
$ |
3,491 |
|
|
$ |
210 |
|
|
$ |
(32,597 |
) |
|
Net earnings
(loss) per common share from continuing operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
Diluted |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
Net earnings
(loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(1.32 |
) |
Diluted |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(1.32 |
) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-3
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars and shares in thousands)
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury Stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
Par
Value
|
|
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
|
|
Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated)
(Deficit)
|
|
Shares
|
|
At Cost
|
|
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
|
Balance,
December 31, 2000 |
|
|
|
|
24,679 |
|
|
$ |
247 |
|
|
$ |
77,362 |
|
|
$ |
5,255 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
82,864 |
|
Stock options
exercised/sold |
|
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
194 |
|
Shares issued
— employee stock purchase plan |
|
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
118 |
|
Net
loss |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(32,597 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(32,597 |
) |
Balance,
December 31, 2001 |
|
|
|
|
24,835 |
|
|
|
248 |
|
|
|
77,673 |
|
|
|
(27,342 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
50,579 |
|
Shares
received as consideration in divestiture transactions |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(2,473 |
) |
|
|
(2,222 |
) |
|
|
(2,222 |
) |
Stock options
granted |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
36 |
|
Shares issued
— employee stock purchase plan |
|
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
45 |
|
Net
income |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
210 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
210 |
|
Balance,
December 31, 2002 |
|
|
|
|
24,905 |
|
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
77,753 |
|
|
|
(27,132 |
) |
|
|
(2,473 |
) |
|
|
(2,222 |
) |
|
|
48,648 |
|
Shares
received as consideration in divestiture transactions |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,370 |
) |
|
|
(2,238 |
) |
|
|
(2,238 |
) |
Stock options
exercised |
|
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
172 |
|
Shares issued
— employee stock purchase plan |
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
40 |
|
Net
income |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,491 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,491 |
|
Balance, December 31, 2003 |
|
|
|
|
25,046 |
|
|
$ |
250 |
|
|
$ |
77,964 |
|
|
$ |
(23,641 |
) |
|
|
(3,843 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,460 |
) |
|
$ |
50,113 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-4
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH
FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Cash flows
from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
(loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
3,484 |
|
|
$ |
3,657 |
|
|
$ |
(7,093 |
) |
Adjustments
to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided by continuing operations, net of effects of
purchase transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization |
|
|
|
|
2,677 |
|
|
|
2,461 |
|
|
|
4,390 |
|
Restructuring
and other charges |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,005 |
) |
|
|
12,622 |
|
Impairment
charge |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,336 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Gain on sale
of minority interests |
|
|
|
|
(892 |
) |
|
|
(1,584 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Deferred
taxes |
|
|
|
|
2,322 |
|
|
|
2,439 |
|
|
|
(5,357 |
) |
Minority
interests |
|
|
|
|
2,656 |
|
|
|
906 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
Distributions
to minority partners |
|
|
|
|
(2,212 |
) |
|
|
(109 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Changes in
operating assets and liabilities —
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
receivable |
|
|
|
|
(1,095 |
) |
|
|
1,702 |
|
|
|
2,661 |
|
Inventory |
|
|
|
|
(342 |
) |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
729 |
|
Other current
assets |
|
|
|
|
3,900 |
|
|
|
1,445 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
Other
noncurrent assets |
|
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(561 |
) |
Accounts
payable, accrued expenses and
income taxes payable |
|
|
|
|
(1,122 |
) |
|
|
1,167 |
|
|
|
(2,528 |
) |
Net cash
provided by continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
9,597 |
|
|
|
12,407 |
|
|
|
4,966 |
|
Cash flows
from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of
property and equipment |
|
|
|
|
(2,893 |
) |
|
|
(1,844 |
) |
|
|
(1,300 |
) |
Acquisitions
of and affiliations with entities, net |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(6,151 |
) |
|
|
(1,360 |
) |
Proceeds from
sale of minority interests |
|
|
|
|
2,575 |
|
|
|
2,797 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Proceeds from
sale of property and equipment |
|
|
|
|
331 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Issuance of
notes receivable to affiliated providers |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(37 |
) |
Net cash
provided by (used in) investing activities |
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
(5,198 |
) |
|
|
(2,697 |
) |
Cash flows
from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borrowings
under revolving credit agreement |
|
|
|
|
825 |
|
|
|
33,085 |
|
|
|
42,515 |
|
Payments
under revolving credit agreement |
|
|
|
|
(825 |
) |
|
|
(53,780 |
) |
|
|
(48,213 |
) |
Proceeds from
the issuance of stock, net of issuance costs |
|
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
236 |
|
Other
long-term debt and capital lease obligations |
|
|
|
|
(170 |
) |
|
|
(465 |
) |
|
|
(255 |
) |
Net cash
provided by (used in) financing activities |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(21,116 |
) |
|
|
(5,717 |
) |
Cash flows
from discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
activities |
|
|
|
|
(2,496 |
) |
|
|
2,164 |
|
|
|
4,722 |
|
Investing
activities |
|
|
|
|
2,729 |
|
|
|
12,766 |
|
|
|
(1,060 |
) |
Financing
activities |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
Net cash
provided by discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
14,897 |
|
|
|
3,630 |
|
Net increase
in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
9,844 |
|
|
|
990 |
|
|
|
182 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents, beginning of year |
|
|
|
|
1,957 |
|
|
|
967 |
|
|
|
785 |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents, end of year |
|
|
|
$ |
11,801 |
|
|
$ |
1,957 |
|
|
$ |
967 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
Description of the Business
NovaMed, Inc. (NovaMed) along with its subsidiaries
(collectively, the Company) is an owner and operator of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The Company’s primary focus and strategy is to acquire,
develop and operate ambulatory surgery centers in joint ownership with physicians throughout the United States. The Company owns and operates 17 ASCs
where surgeons perform various surgical procedures, predominantly cataract and other eye-related surgical procedures. At December 31, 2003 the Company
owned a majority interest in 13 of its ASCs, with physicians owning the remaining equity interests, and all of the equity interests in its other four
ASCs. In the future the Company may either elect, or be required pursuant to existing agreements, to sell to physicians a minority interest in these
four facilities. The Company also has laser services agreements pursuant to which it provides excimer lasers and other services to ophthalmologists for
their use in performing laser vision correction (LVC) surgery.
The Company also owns and operates optical
laboratories, an optical products purchasing organization and a marketing products and services business.
The Company also continues to provide management
services to two eye care practices pursuant to long-term service agreements. These practices are located in the Midwest and Southeastern United States.
Under these service agreements, the Company provides business, information technology, administrative and financial services to its affiliated
providers in exchange for a management fee.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
Financial Statement Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements have been
prepared on the accrual basis of accounting and include the accounts of NovaMed and all of its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries.
Subsidiaries are consolidated when the Company has operational control. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Prior year
amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid
instruments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase. Pursuant to one of its limited liability company agreements
the Company is required to maintain a balance equal to at least one month’s operating expenses in the entity’s bank account. The cash balance
subject to such restriction was $149,000 and $143,000 at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Inventory
Inventory consists primarily of optical products
such as eyeglass frames, optical lenses and contact lenses, as well as surgical supplies used in connection with the operation of the Company’s
surgical facilities. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company
routinely reviews its inventory for obsolete, slow moving or otherwise impaired inventory and records a related expense in the period such impairment
is known and quantifiable.
Year ended December 31 (in thousands),
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
Optical
products |
|
|
|
$ |
902 |
|
|
$ |
717 |
|
Surgical
supplies |
|
|
|
|
395 |
|
|
|
238 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
Total
inventory |
|
|
|
$ |
1,397 |
|
|
$ |
1,020 |
|
F-6
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost or fair
market value at the date of acquisition. Depreciation of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful
lives of the related assets, generally three to seven years for equipment, computer software, furniture and fixtures, and the lesser of the lease term
or 10 years for leasehold improvements. Routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
Intangible Assets
The Company’s acquisitions and affiliations
involve the purchase of tangible and intangible assets and the assumption of certain liabilities. As part of the purchase price allocation, the Company
allocates the purchase price to the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on estimated fair market values, with the remainder of the
purchase price allocated to intangibles. The Company accounts for intangible assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but are
subject to an annual impairment assessment in relation to their fair value. Upon the initial adoption of SFAS 142 in 2002, the Company recognized an
impairment charge of $1.8 million, net of tax, as a change in accounting principle. An additional impairment charge was recognized as a result of the
required assessment in the fourth quarter of 2002 as discussed in Note 7.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of the
long-lived assets periodically to determine if facts and circumstances exist that would suggest that assets might be impaired or that the useful lives
should be modified. Among the factors the Company considers in making the evaluation are changes in market position and profitability. If facts and
circumstances are present which may indicate impairment is probable, the Company will prepare a projection of the undiscounted cash flows of the
specific business entity and determine if the long-lived assets are recoverable based on these undiscounted cash flows. If impairment is indicated, an
adjustment will be made to reduce the carrying amount of these assets to their fair value.
The Company accounts for impairment and disposal of
its long-lived assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of
Long-Lived Assets (SFAS 144). Although SFAS 144 supercedes SFAS 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived
Assets to be Disposed Of and APB Opinion 30, Reporting the Results of Operations — Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of
Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions (“APB 30”), the accounting treatment related to
the Company’s decision in September 2001 to discontinue its management services segment under APB Opinion 30 was not impacted. During 2002 the
Company sold additional operations not contemplated in its 2001 divestiture plan. The sale of these businesses was accounted for under SFAS
144.
Income Taxes
The Company uses the liability method of accounting
for income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes
reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the
amounts used for income tax purposes, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation
allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
F-7
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying value of all financial instruments such
as accounts receivable, notes and amounts due from affiliated providers, accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair
value because of the short maturity of these items. The Company believes the current carrying amounts of its notes receivable from related parties,
line of credit and obligations under capital leases approximate fair value because the interest rates on these instruments are subject to change with,
or approximate, market interest rates.
Revenue Recognition
Surgical Facilities
Revenue in the Company’s surgical facilities is
based on fees charged to patients, third-party payors or others for use of the facilities and relate primarily to cataract, laser vision correction and
other surgery procedures and is recorded at the time of the patient’s procedure. Revenue from fixed-site laser services installations is the fee
charged to the doctor for use of the laser placed in that doctor’s facility. Surgical facility revenue is net of contractual adjustments and a
provision for doubtful accounts.
Product Sales and Other
The Company’s optical products purchasing
organization negotiates volume buying discounts with optical products manufacturers. The buying discounts and any handling charges billed to the
members of the buying group represent the revenue recognized for financial reporting purposes. Revenue is recognized as orders are shipped to members.
Revenue generated from affiliated ophthalmologists and optometrists with whom the Company has a management services agreement is eliminated in
consolidation.
The Company’s optical laboratories manufacture
and distribute corrective lenses and eyeglasses to both affiliated and non-affiliated ophthalmologists and optometrists. Revenue is recognized when
product is shipped, net of an allowance for discounts. The Company’s marketing products and services company recognizes revenue when the product
is shipped or service rendered.
The Company owns the net operating assets and has
long-term service agreements (SAs) with an ophthalmology practice and an optometric practice with a retail optical store. The Company provides
services, facilities and equipment under these SAs. The SAs have 25 to 40-year terms and require the Company to provide all of the business,
administrative and financial services necessary to operate the practices and the retail optical store. The Company recognizes the revenue of the SAs
based on services performed and retail sales adjusted for contractual arrangements.
Cost of Sales and Medical Supplies
Cost of sales and medical supplies includes the cost
of optical products such as eyeglass frames, optical lenses, contact lenses and surgical supplies, direct labor costs incurred in the preparation of
optical lenses, and the per procedure fees related to operating the equipment used in LVC procedures.
Stock Compensation
The Company accounts for its stock-based employee
compensation plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees, and related interpretations. No stock-based employee compensation cost is reflected in net income, as all options granted under those plans
had an exercise price equal to or above the market value of the underlying common stock at the date of grant. The following table illustrates the
effect on net income and earnings per share if the Company
F-8
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
had applied the
fair value recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123,
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (amounts in thousands, except per share data). See Note 15 for additional information
regarding stock option plans.
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Net income
(loss) — as reported |
|
|
|
$ |
3,491 |
|
|
$ |
210 |
|
|
$ |
(32,597 |
) |
Deduct: Total
stock-based employee compensation expense, net of related tax effects |
|
|
|
|
(1,452 |
) |
|
|
(1,461 |
) |
|
|
(1,633 |
) |
Pro forma net
income (loss) |
|
|
|
$ |
2,039 |
|
|
$ |
(1,251 |
) |
|
$ |
(34,230 |
) |
Earnings
(loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic —
as reported |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(1.32 |
) |
Basic —
pro forma |
|
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
|
$ |
(0.05 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.38 |
) |
Diluted
— as reported |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(1.32 |
) |
Diluted
— pro forma |
|
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
|
$ |
(0.05 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.38 |
) |
The fair value of these options was estimated using
the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Expected
option life in years |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Risk-free
interest rate |
|
|
|
|
2.44 |
% |
|
|
4.30 |
% |
|
|
4.36 |
% |
Dividend
yield |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Expected
volatility |
|
|
|
|
.830 |
|
|
|
.940 |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
Concentration of Credit Risk
For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and
2001, approximately 39%, 36% and 31%, respectively, of the Company’s net revenue was received from Medicare and other governmental programs, which
reimburse providers based on fee schedules determined by the related governmental agency. In the ordinary course of business, providers receiving
reimbursement from Medicare and other governmental programs are potentially subject to a review by regulatory agencies concerning the accuracy of
billings and sufficiency of supporting documentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
As of January 1, 2002 the Company adopted SFAS 144
under which it reports as discontinued operations certain operations that have been disposed of or are classified as held for sale. Under SFAS 144
projected operating results and the estimated gain or loss on sale is not accrued for when the decision to sell is made. Rather, the earnings or losses
of discontinued operations continue to be reported, and any gain or loss is recognized at the time of sale. The Company sold two ASCs and three optical
dispensary businesses during 2002 and sold its remaining optical dispensaries in 2003, all of which are reported as discontinued
operations.
During 2001, the Company implemented a Plan of
Discontinued Operations and Restructuring (the “Plan”). The Plan involved the divestiture of the management services segment or physician
practice management (“PPM”)
F-9
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Continued)
business. The results of these discontinued
operations are accounted for under APB 30. Under APB 30, the projected operating
results and the estimated gain or loss on disposal was accrued at the date the plan was
adopted in 2001. A charge of $27.2 million was reported net of tax in the Company’s
third quarter 2001 financial statements. During the fourth quarter of 2002, the decision
was made to retain management services agreements with one physician practice and one
optometric practice that had been included in the Plan. The reserve established related
to these operations of $1.4 million was reversed in the Company’s 2002 results, and
the 2001 Statement of Operations was revised to report the fourth quarter 2001 results
as continuing operations. The structure of several divestiture transactions completed
during 2002 varied from the Company’s original Plan. As a result, the deferred tax
asset established from the original estimated net loss on disposal of discontinued
operations was reduced by $2.7 million in 2002.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company had completed
all of its planned divestiture transactions. From the sale of the PPM business, two ASCs and five optical dispensaries, all of which have been treated
as discontinued operations, the Company has received proceeds of $19.4 million, consisting of $18.6 million in cash and $787,000 in promissory notes
with multi-year terms. The Company also received as consideration 2.7 million shares of its common stock.
The operating results of all discontinued operations
are summarized as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
1,662 |
|
|
$ |
34,924 |
|
|
$ |
69,429 |
|
Operating
expenses |
|
|
|
|
3,937 |
|
|
|
35,438 |
|
|
|
65,920 |
|
Interest and
other expense, net |
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
890 |
|
Income (loss)
from operations before income taxes |
|
|
|
|
(2,273 |
) |
|
|
(608 |
) |
|
|
2,619 |
|
Income tax
provision (benefit) |
|
|
|
|
(909 |
) |
|
|
(244 |
) |
|
|
1,093 |
|
Net income
(loss) from operations |
|
|
|
|
(1,364 |
) |
|
|
(364 |
) |
|
|
1,526 |
|
Net loss
charged to reserves |
|
|
|
|
(1,371 |
) |
|
|
(570 |
) |
|
|
(183 |
) |
Net income
per statement of operations |
|
|
|
$ |
7 |
|
|
$ |
206 |
|
|
$ |
1,709 |
|
Gain (loss)
on disposal |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,369 |
|
|
$ |
(40,491 |
) |
Income tax
expense (benefit) |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,219 |
|
|
|
(13,278 |
) |
Net gain
(loss) on disposal of discontinued operations |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(1,850 |
) |
|
$ |
(27,213 |
) |
Net interest expense allocated to discontinued
operations was $0, $125,000 and $964,000 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Interest allocated to discontinued
operations accounted for under APB 30 was based on the proportion of net assets of discontinued operations to consolidated net assets plus consolidated
debt as prescribed by Emerging Issues Task Force 87-24 — Allocation of Interest to Discontinued Operations.
F-10
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Continued)
The balance sheet components of discontinued
operations are summarized as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
December 31,
2003
|
|
December 31,
2002
|
Accounts and
notes receivable |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
2,190 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
242 |
|
Other current
assets |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
143 |
|
Current
assets of discontinued operations |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
2,575 |
|
Net property
and equipment |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
756 |
|
Intangible
assets |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,045 |
|
Noncurrent
assets of discontinued operations |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,801 |
|
Accounts
payable |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
216 |
|
Accrued
expenses |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
356 |
|
Notes payable
and capitalized lease obligations |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Discontinued
operations reserves |
|
|
|
|
1,068 |
|
|
|
3,271 |
|
Current
liabilities of discontinued operations |
|
|
|
$ |
1,068 |
|
|
$ |
3,844 |
|
The APB 30 discontinued operations reserve balance
at December 31, 2003 includes reserves for remaining severance payments, lease commitments, provider refunds and other costs from exiting the PPM
business.
4. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE (EPS)
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income
(loss) by the weighted average number of common shares, including the dilutive effect of potential common shares outstanding during the period. The
dilutive effect of potential common shares, consisting of outstanding stock options is calculated using the treasury stock method. The 2001 average
share calculation excludes 377,000 potential common shares from stock options, as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Earnings (loss) per common share is calculated as
follows (amounts in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Net income
(loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
3,484 |
|
|
$ |
3,657 |
|
|
$ |
(7,093 |
) |
Net income
(loss) from discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(1,644 |
) |
|
|
(25,504 |
) |
Cumulative
effect of change in accounting principle |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,803 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Net income
(loss) |
|
|
|
$ |
3,491 |
|
|
$ |
210 |
|
|
$ |
(32,597 |
) |
Basic
weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
|
|
|
|
21,470 |
|
|
|
23,841 |
|
|
|
24,784 |
|
Effect of
dilutive securities — stock options |
|
|
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Diluted
weighted average number of shares outstanding |
|
|
|
|
22,114 |
|
|
|
23,978 |
|
|
|
24,784 |
|
Basic
earnings (loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing
operations |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
Discontinued
operations |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.07 |
) |
|
|
(1.03 |
) |
Cumulative
effect of change in accounting principle |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.07 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Basic
earnings (loss) per share |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(1.32 |
) |
Diluted
earnings (loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing
operations |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
Discontinued
operations |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.07 |
) |
|
|
(1.03 |
) |
Cumulative
effect of change in accounting principle |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(0.07 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Diluted
earnings (loss) per share |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.01 |
|
|
$ |
(1.32 |
) |
F-11
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
5. ACQUISITIONS AND SALES OF MINORITY
INTERESTS
The Company generally acquires majority equity
interests in ASCs through the purchase method of accounting. The results of operations are included in the consolidated financial statements of the
Company from the date of acquisition.
The Company made no acquisitions in 2003. The
following represents the significant acquisitions occurring in 2002 and 2001:
Acquisition
|
|
|
|
Location
|
|
Effective Date
|
|
Purchase Price
|
2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASC
(51%) |
|
|
|
Colorado Springs, CO |
|
June
2002 |
|
$1.4
million |
ASC
(60%) |
|
|
|
Tyler,
TX |
|
September
2002 |
|
$4.7
million |
2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ASC
(60%) |
|
|
|
Thibodaux,
LA |
|
November
2001 |
|
$1.4
million |
Goodwill recorded upon acquisition of the above was
$5.8 million and $1.3 million in 2002 and 2001, respectively. The goodwill created is not amortized in accordance with SFAS 142.
The following unaudited pro forma results of
operations for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 assume that the business acquisitions subsequent to January 1, 2001 described above occurred
at the beginning of the year preceding the year of acquisition. The unaudited pro forma results from continuing operations below are based on
historical results of operations, include adjustments for depreciation, amortization and taxes and do not necessarily reflect actual results that would
have occurred (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
|
Pro forma net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
57,091 |
|
|
$ |
54,199 |
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma
continuing net income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
4,120 |
|
|
|
(6,997 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Pro forma
continuing earnings (loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic |
|
|
|
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
(0.28 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Diluted |
|
|
|
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
(0.28 |
) |
|
|
|
|
In addition to its divestiture transactions the
Company also sold minority equity interests in nine of its existing ASCs during 2003 and 2002 to various physician-owners of the divested practices.
From the sale of minority interests, the Company received in the aggregate approximately $1.9 million in cash proceeds and 261,000 shares of its common
stock in 2003 and approximately $2.7 million in cash proceeds and 725,000 shares of its common stock in 2002. Also during 2003, the Company built a new
ASC in Kansas City, MO with a physician-partner who owns 49% of the facility. This physician had been performing procedures in one of our existing
Kansas City ASCs.
Location
|
|
|
|
Interest % sold
|
|
Effective Date
|
River Forest,
IL |
|
|
|
|
20 |
% |
|
|
June 2002 |
|
River Forest,
IL |
|
|
|
|
5 |
% |
|
|
July 2002 |
|
Overland
Park, KS |
|
|
|
|
49 |
% |
|
|
October 2002 |
|
Kansas City,
MO |
|
|
|
|
20 |
% |
|
|
October 2002 |
|
Merrillville,
IN |
|
|
|
|
49 |
% |
|
|
December 2002 |
|
St. Joseph,
MO |
|
|
|
|
20 |
% |
|
|
December 2002 |
|
F-12
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
5. ACQUISITIONS AND SALES OF MINORITY INTERESTS
(Continued)
Location
|
|
|
|
Interest % sold
|
|
Effective Date
|
Richmond,
VA |
|
|
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
January 2003 |
|
Chicago,
IL |
|
|
|
|
17.5 |
% |
|
|
February 2003 |
|
Maryville,
IL |
|
|
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
February 2003 |
|
Richmond,
VA |
|
|
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
September 2003 |
|
Maryville,
IL |
|
|
|
|
10 |
% |
|
|
September 2003 |
|
Kansas City,
MO |
|
|
|
|
49 |
% |
|
|
October 2003 |
|
Chicago,
IL |
|
|
|
|
3 |
% |
|
|
December 2003 |
|
New Albany,
IN |
|
|
|
|
20 |
% |
|
|
December 2003 |
|
All of these entities are consolidated into the
financial statements of the Company and the minority shareholder interests in the earnings and assets of those ASCs are reflected in the minority
interest line of the consolidated financial statements.
6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consist of the following as
of December 31, 2003 and 2002 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
Equipment |
|
|
|
$ |
12,882 |
|
|
$ |
11,945 |
|
Information
technology |
|
|
|
|
1,729 |
|
|
|
831 |
|
Furniture and
fixtures |
|
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
|
720 |
|
Leasehold
improvements |
|
|
|
|
2,959 |
|
|
|
1,662 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,475 |
|
|
|
15,158 |
|
Less—Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
(10,557 |
) |
|
|
(8,150 |
) |
|
|
|
|
$ |
7,918 |
|
|
$ |
7,008 |
|
Depreciation and amortization expense for property
and equipment in 2003, 2002 and 2001 was approximately $2.7 million, $2.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
| 7. |
|
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS — CUMULATIVE EFFECT
OF CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE |
The Company accounts for intangible assets in
accordance with SFAS No. 142. The Company is no longer required to amortize goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives. Instead, the
carrying value of these assets is assessed at least annually and an impairment charge is recorded if appropriate. Impairment losses identified at the
initial adoption of FAS 142 were reported as a change in accounting principle. Subsequent impairment losses are reported in income from continuing
operations.
Upon the initial adoption of SFAS No. 142, the
Company evaluated its goodwill as of January 1, 2002 and determined that the goodwill associated with one of its ancillary businesses was impaired.
This business sells marketing products to the laser vision correction market, which had shown a downturn in demand. This downturn had negatively
impacted the prospects for this business. The evaluation indicated an impairment of approximately $1.8 million, after tax, and this write-off was
presented as a change in accounting principle. During the fourth quarter of 2002, it was determined that the same ancillary business required an
additional pre-tax impairment charge of $1.3 million which resulted in the write-down of the remaining goodwill for this business.
F-13
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS — CUMULATIVE
EFFECT OF CHANGE IN
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE (Continued)
Goodwill balances by reportable segment
are summarized in the table below (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
Unamortized Goodwill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surgical
Facilities
|
|
Product
Sales
|
|
Other
|
|
Total
|
|
Amortized
Intangibles
|
Balance
January 1, 2001 |
|
|
|
$ |
14,744 |
|
|
$ |
9,899 |
|
|
$ |
980 |
|
|
$ |
25,623 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Acquisition
of ASCs |
|
|
|
|
1,251 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,251 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Goodwill
written-off — restructuring |
|
|
|
|
(866 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(866 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Amortization |
|
|
|
|
(665 |
) |
|
|
(334 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
(1,038 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Balance
December 31, 2001 |
|
|
|
|
14,464 |
|
|
|
9,565 |
|
|
|
941 |
|
|
|
24,970 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Acquisition
of ASCs |
|
|
|
|
5,876 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5,876 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Impairment
losses |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(4,090 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(4,090 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Balance
December 31, 2002 |
|
|
|
|
20,340 |
|
|
|
5,475 |
|
|
|
941 |
|
|
|
26,756 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Two year
non-compete agreement |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
43 |
|
Purchase
price adjustments |
|
|
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Amortization |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
Balance
December 31, 2003 |
|
|
|
$ |
20,311 |
|
|
$ |
5,475 |
|
|
$ |
941 |
|
|
$ |
26,727 |
|
|
$ |
22 |
|
The following tables summarize the results of
continuing operations and earnings per share had SFAS No. 142 been adopted as of January 1, 2000 (in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Reported net
income (loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
3,484 |
|
|
$ |
3,657 |
|
|
$ |
(7,093 |
) |
Add back:
Goodwill amortization |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,038 |
|
Less: Related
tax effect |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(408 |
) |
Adjusted net
income (loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
3,484 |
|
|
$ |
3,657 |
|
|
$ |
(6,463 |
) |
Basic
Earnings Per Share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reported net
income (loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
Goodwill
amortization, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
Adjusted net
income (loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.26 |
) |
Diluted
Earnings Per Share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reported net
income (loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
Goodwill
amortization, net of tax |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
Adjusted net
income (loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
|
$ |
0.16 |
|
|
$ |
0.15 |
|
|
$ |
(0.26 |
) |
8. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consist of the following as of
December 31, 2003 and 2002 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
Accrued
payroll and related benefits |
|
|
|
$ |
779 |
|
|
$ |
883 |
|
Accrued
incentive compensation |
|
|
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
922 |
|
Accrued
business taxes |
|
|
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
413 |
|
Accrued
professional fees, deferred revenue and other |
|
|
|
|
630 |
|
|
|
1,099 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2,374 |
|
|
$ |
3,317 |
|
F-14
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
9. RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES
The Plan contemplated the Company pursuing and/or
negotiating the following — (a) closure of certain facilities due to under-performing results including one ASC, seven LVC centers and one fixed
laser site; (b) termination of an acquisition contract; and (c) reorganization and downsizing of the Company’s information technology function to
conform to the needs of continuing operations and the pursuit of the Company’s discontinued operations plan.
The charges to the restructuring reserves is
summarized below (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
Lease
Commitments
|
|
Asset
Impairments
|
|
Contract
Termination
|
|
Other
|
|
Total
|
Initial
reserves |
|
|
|
$ |
2,224 |
|
|
$ |
6,599 |
|
|
$ |
1,851 |
|
|
$ |
238 |
|
|
$ |
10,912 |
|
Charges
utilized in 2001 |
|
|
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
(6,396 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(141 |
) |
|
|
(6,603 |
) |
Balance
December 31, 2001 |
|
|
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
203 |
|
|
|
1,836 |
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
4,309 |
|
Charges
utilized in 2002 |
|
|
|
|
(729 |
) |
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
(1,702 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
(2,520 |
) |
Reversal of
excess reserves |
|
|
|
|
(851 |
) |
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
(134 |
) |
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
(1,005 |
) |
Balance
December 31, 2002 |
|
|
|
|
593 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
784 |
|
Charges
utilized in 2003 |
|
|
|
|
(320 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(199 |
) |
|
|
(524 |
) |
Re-evaluated
requirements |
|
|
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Balance
December 31, 2003 |
|
|
|
$ |
143 |
|
|
$ |
94 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
23 |
|
|
$ |
260 |
|
The Company evaluated its reserve requirements at
the end of 2003 and determined that the balance was adequate to cover the remaining costs associated with its restructuring plan. During 2002 the
Company determined that it had excess reserves of $1.0 million. The excess reserves were primarily due to better than expected results resolving
outstanding lease obligations and the decision to retain one ASC slated for closure as a result of the identification of an unanticipated source of
surgical patients. The reversal of the excess reserve in 2002 was reported in the results of continuing operations.
The Company had entered into an agreement to
purchase an ASC for $9.3 million upon the resolution of certain contingencies or pay a termination fee. Effective January 1, 2002 the Company
terminated its contract to purchase this ASC. The termination fee is included in the restructuring charges.
During the third quarter of 2001, the Company
recorded other charges of $1.7 million. Included in these charges were professional fees incurred in development of the Plan of $0.5 million and
severance and other employee costs incurred prior to approval of the Plan of $1.2 million.
10. INCOME TAXES
The income tax provision (benefit) from continuing
operations consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal |
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(972 |
) |
State |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(129 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1,101 |
) |
Deferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal |
|
|
|
|
1,967 |
|
|
|
2,134 |
|
|
|
(3,083 |
) |
State |
|
|
|
|
355 |
|
|
|
305 |
|
|
|
(407 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
2,322 |
|
|
|
2,439 |
|
|
|
(3,490 |
) |
|
|
|
|
$ |
2,322 |
|
|
$ |
2,439 |
|
|
$ |
(4,591 |
) |
F-15
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
10. INCOME TAXES (Continued)
A reconciliation of income tax expense for financial
reporting purposes and the amount calculated using the U.S. statutory rate of 34% are presented as follows:
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
|
2001
|
Tax expense
at U.S. statutory rate |
|
|
|
|
34.0 |
% |
|
|
34.0 |
% |
|
|
34.0 |
% |
Intangible
asset amortization |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1.5 |
) |
State taxes,
net |
|
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
Provision for
income taxes |
|
|
|
|
40.0 |
% |
|
|
40.0 |
% |
|
|
39.3 |
% |
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of
the following at December 31, 2003 and 2002 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
Current
deferred tax assets (liabilities)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discontinued
operations and restructuring |
|
|
|
$ |
742 |
|
|
$ |
2,793 |
|
Receivable
and inventory reserves |
|
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
Net operating
loss carryback claim |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
204 |
|
Compensation
expense |
|
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
Prepaid
expense |
|
|
|
|
(383 |
) |
|
|
(463 |
) |
Other |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
542 |
|
|
|
2,940 |
|
Long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discontinued
operations and restructuring |
|
|
|
|
3,358 |
|
|
|
3,895 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization |
|
|
|
|
(2,038 |
) |
|
|
(1,592 |
) |
Goodwill
impairment charges |
|
|
|
|
1,613 |
|
|
|
1,527 |
|
Net operating
loss carryforward / carryback |
|
|
|
|
2,038 |
|
|
|
4,730 |
|
Capital loss
carryforward |
|
|
|
|
1,589 |
|
|
|
1,847 |
|
Compensation
expense related to stock options |
|
|
|
|
369 |
|
|
|
357 |
|
Discount on
conversion of notes |
|
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
299 |
|
AMT
credit |
|
|
|
|
208 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,455 |
|
|
|
11,186 |
|
Valuation
allowance |
|
|
|
|
(3,325 |
) |
|
|
(3,325 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
|
|
7,861 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
4,672 |
|
|
$ |
10,801 |
|
The Company has recorded a valuation allowance on
the anticipated portion of the losses on the sale of discontinued operations expected to be generated which may be capital in nature, and on a portion
of the stock options not expected to be exercised. The tax attributes of several divestiture transactions completed during 2002 differed from original
assumptions. The net loss on disposal of discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2002 includes a $2.7 million charge to reduce the
carrying value of deferred tax assets established upon adoption of the Plan in 2001.
The Company received $3.8 million and $1.7 million
in net tax refunds during 2003 and 2002, respectively and paid $2.1 million for income taxes in 2001. The refunds received in 2003 were primarily from
the carryback of 2001 and 2002 federal net operating losses to tax years 1997 through 2000.
F-16
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
11. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following as of
December 31, 2003 and 2002 (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
2003
|
|
2002
|
Capital lease
obligations (see Note 12) |
|
|
|
$ |
154 |
|
|
$ |
103 |
|
Less —
Current maturities |
|
|
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
|
|
$ |
74 |
|
|
$ |
11 |
|
Revolving Credit Facility
At December 31, 2003, the Company had no outstanding
borrowings under its revolving credit facility. The maximum commitment available under the Company’s credit facility is $30 million. The credit
agreement expires on June 30, 2006.
Under the facility, interest on borrowings under the
credit agreement is payable at an annual rate equal to the Company’s lender’s published base rate plus the applicable borrowing margin
ranging from 0% to .50% or LIBOR plus a range from 1.25% to 2.0%, varying upon the Company’s ability to meet financial covenants. In addition, a
fee ranging from .175% to .250% is charged on the unused portion of the commitment. The credit agreement contains covenants that include limitations on
indebtedness, liens, capital expenditures, acquisitions and affiliations and ratios that define borrowing availability and restrictions on the payment
of dividends. As of December 31, 2003, the Company was in compliance with all its credit agreement covenants.
At December 31, 2003 the Company had an outstanding
letter of credit issued to one of its optical products buying group vendors in the amount of $215,000 that was due to expire on March 31, 2004. On
March 2, 2004 the letter of credit amount was decreased to $200,000 and the expiration extended to March 31, 2005.
Interest Expense
The Company paid $86,000, $674,000 and, $2.2 million
for interest and commitment fees during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
12. OPERATING AND CAPITAL LEASES
The Company has commitments under long-term,
non-terminable operating leases, principally for facility and office space. Lease terms generally cover one to ten years. Certain leases contain
consecutive renewal options of five-year periods and escalation clauses. The Company has approximately $143,000 in restructuring reserves remaining for
commitments related to facilities it has closed.
The Company entered into one capital lease for
medical equipment during 2003. In addition, the Company has three capital leases for medical equipment that existed as of December 31, 2002. The annual
interest rates on capital leases range from 5.0% to 7.2%.
F-17
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
12. OPERATING AND CAPITAL LEASES
(Continued)
At December 31, 2003, minimum annual rental
commitments are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
Operating
Leases
|
|
Capital
Leases
|
2004 |
|
|
|
$ |
2,838 |
|
|
$ |
86 |
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
2,413 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
1,876 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
1,342 |
|
|
|
— |
|
2008 and
thereafter |
|
|
|
|
2,544 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Minimum lease
payments |
|
|
|
|
11,013 |
|
|
|
165 |
|
Less:
sublease receipts |
|
|
|
|
(296 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
Total minimum
lease payments |
|
|
|
$ |
10,717 |
|
|
|
165 |
|
Less: amount
representing interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
Total
obligation under capital leases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
154 |
|
Rent expense of continuing operations related to
operating leases amounted to approximately $3.3 million, $3.4 million and $3.3 million during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
The Company is subject to various claims and legal
actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of such matters will not have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Professional Liability Risk
The Company maintains third party professional
liability insurance for its ASCs and business activities. Although the Company believes that this insurance is adequate as to the amounts at risk,
there can be no assurance that any claim asserted against the Company will not exceed the coverage limits of such insurance.
Insurance
The Company is insured with respect to professional
liability risks on a claims-made basis. Management is not aware of any claims against the Company that might have a material impact on the
Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Purchase Commitments
The Company has a nonexclusive supply agreement with
Alcon Laboratories, Inc. pursuant to which it can procure and utilize excimer lasers and other equipment manufactured by Alcon. Through the termination
date of December 31, 2006, the Company will pay Alcon monthly based on the number of procedures performed on each of its APEX/Infinity lasers and
LADARVision Systems. The Company is required to pay for a minimum number of annual procedures on each LADARVision System during the remaining term,
whether or not these procedures are performed. Assuming the Company does not procure additional LADARVision Systems under the agreement, the annual
minimum commitment for each of the next three years commencing with 2004 would be approximately $1.0 million, $1.2 million and $0.9 million,
respectively. In 2003, the number of procedures performed exceeded the minimum commitment.
F-18
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
(Continued)
The Company has entered into two Product Usage and
Volume Lease Purchase agreements with one of its surgical suppliers, under which the Company is required to purchase a minimum quantity of products at
a predetermined price. At December 31, 2003 the Company had remaining product purchase commitments of $459,000.
Employment Agreements
The Company has employment agreements with certain
of its executives that specify that if the executive is terminated by the Company for other than cause following a change in control of the Company,
the executive shall receive severance pay ranging from twelve to twenty-four months salary plus bonus and certain other benefits.
14. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Rights Agreement
Certain shareholders possess rights to purchase
fractional shares of Series E Junior Participating Preferred Stock with a par value of $.01 per share at a price of $110 per one one-thousandth of a
share, subject to adjustment as defined in the Rights agreements. These rights are not exercisable until the announcement of the occurrence of certain
events as defined in an agreement which also describes the various shareholders’ rights.
Upon the occurrence of certain events, each right
holder will be entitled to receive shares of common stock, or in specified circumstances other assets having a value of two times the purchase price of
the right. Additionally, the Board of Directors may exchange the rights, in whole or in part, without additional payment, for shares of common stock at
an exchange ratio defined in the agreement. At any time prior to certain events, the Board of Directors may redeem all, but not less than all, of the
rights at a redemption price of $.01 per right.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Employee Benefits and Compensation
The Company maintains a voluntary savings plan (the
Savings Plan) for eligible employees under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code whereby participants may contribute a percentage of up to 100%
of their compensation. The Savings Plan provides for the Company to match 50% of the employee’s contributions on the first 3% of salary
contributed by each employee. The Company’s matching contributions approximated $132,000, $235,000 and $368,000 for 2003, 2002 and 2001,
respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has an employee stock purchase plan for
all eligible employees. Under the plan, shares of the Company’s common stock may be purchased at six-month intervals at 85% of the lower of the
fair market value on the first or the last day of each six-month period. Employees may purchase shares having a value not exceeding 10% of their gross
compensation during an offering period; however, the amount of an employee’s purchase may not exceed $20,000 in any offering period or $25,000 in
any calendar year. Approximately 40,100 shares, 70,400 shares and 76,500 shares were purchased during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. At December
31, 2003, 151,500 shares were reserved for future issuance.
Stock Option Plans
The Company is authorized to issue up to 8,451,800
shares of its common stock, par value $.01 per share under various stock option plans. Authorized options for common stock under the various plans are
generally exercisable over a four-year period with 1/8th of the total options granted becoming exercisable six months from the date
of
F-19
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)
each grant and
1/48th of the total options granted becoming exercisable each month thereafter. The
option period for common stock options is 10 years from the date each option is granted.
All current outstanding options are nonqualified stock options.
The Company grants stock options to employees and
nonemployee members of the Company’s Board of Directors. Pursuant to Accounting Principles Board No. 25, the Company recognizes as compensation
expense the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of its common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation expense
is deferred and recognized over the vesting period of the stock option. During the three years ended December 31, 2003 the Company did not recognize
any stock based compensation expense.
In addition, the Company has granted stock options
to consultants. For these option grants, the Company records a compensation charge, which is equal to their estimated fair market value on the date of
the grant as determined by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The following table summarizes the activity in the
stock option plan:
|
|
|
|
Options
Outstanding
|
|
Price Per
Share
|
|
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
|
Balance at
December 31, 2000 |
|
|
|
|
5,481,442 |
|
|
$ |
1.06–$14.94 |
|
|
$ |
4.53 |
|
Granted |
|
|
|
|
1,953,000 |
|
|
$ |
1.15–$ 2.84 |
|
|
$ |
1.63 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
|
(79,074 |
) |
|
$ |
1.25–$ 1.88 |
|
|
$ |
1.48 |
|
Canceled |
|
|
|
|
(1,076,777 |
) |
|
$ |
1.25–$13.88 |
|
|
$ |
4.99 |
|
|
Balance at
December 31, 2001 |
|
|
|
|
6,278,591 |
|
|
$ |
1.06–$14.94 |
|
|
$ |
3.52 |
|
Granted |
|
|
|
|
1,148,500 |
|
|
$ |
0.74–$ 1.10 |
|
|
$ |
0.80 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Canceled |
|
|
|
|
(1,109,136 |
) |
|
$ |
0.74–$14.94 |
|
|
$ |
4.24 |
|
|
Balance at
December 31, 2002 |
|
|
|
|
6,317,955 |
|
|
$ |
0.74–$12.61 |
|
|
$ |
2.90 |
|
Granted |
|
|
|
|
523,000 |
|
|
$ |
1.27–$ 2.15 |
|
|
$ |
1.37 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
|
(100,550 |
) |
|
$ |
0.78–$ 1.75 |
|
|
$ |
1.30 |
|
Canceled |
|
|
|
|
(605,926 |
) |
|
$ |
0.78–$12.00 |
|
|
$ |
5.56 |
|
|
Balance at
December 31, 2003 |
|
|
|
|
6,134,479 |
|
|
$ |
0.74–$12.61 |
|
|
$ |
2.53 |
|
The weighted average fair value of options granted
in 2003 was $0.83 per share.
F-20
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Continued)
The following table summarizes information about
stock options outstanding at December 31, 2003:
|
|
|
|
Options Outstanding
|
|
Options Exercisable
|
|
Range of Exercise
Prices
|
|
|
|
Number
Outstanding
at 12/31/03
|
|
Average
Life
|
|
Average
Exercise
Price
|
|
Number
Exercisable
at 12/31/03
|
|
Average
Exercise
Price
|
| $ 0.74–$ 1.10 |
|
|
|
|
1,040,876 |
|
|
|
8.3 |
|
|
$ |
0.80 |
|
|
|
433,253 |
|
|
$ |
0.80 |
|
| $ 1.15–$ 1.70 |
|
|
|
|
1,803,491 |
|
|
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
1.33 |
|
|
|
1,134,294 |
|
|
|
1.32 |
|
| $ 1.75–$ 2.50 |
|
|
|
|
2,216,088 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
|
|
1.87 |
|
|
|
1,862,260 |
|
|
|
1.88 |
|
| $ 2.74–$ 4.00 |
|
|
|
|
195,250 |
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
3.44 |
|
|
|
185,145 |
|
|
|
3.48 |
|
| $ 4.38–$ 6.00 |
|
|
|
|
340,634 |
|
|
|
5.1 |
|
|
|
5.15 |
|
|
|
340,471 |
|
|
|
5.15 |
|
| $ 6.75–$10.00 |
|
|
|
|
199,296 |
|
|
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
8.24 |
|
|
|
188,027 |
|
|
|
8.25 |
|
| $12.00–$12.61 |
|
|
|
|
338,844 |
|
|
|
6.1 |
|
|
|
12.02 |
|
|
|
318,109 |
|
|
|
12.02 |
|
| $0.74–$12.61 |
|
|
|
|
6,134,479 |
|
|
|
5.8 |
|
|
$ |
2.53 |
|
|
|
4,461,559 |
|
|
$ |
2.94 |
|
16. OPERATING SEGMENTS
The Company manages its business segments by types
of service provided. The Company’s reportable segments are as follows:
Surgical facilities. Surgical
facilities includes the results of operations from owning and/or operating ASCs, and fixed site laser services agreements. Earnings before taxes in
2003 and 2002 include $892,000 and $1.6 million, respectively, of gains from the sale of minority interests in the Company’s
ASCs.
Product sales. Product sales
includes the Company’s optical products purchasing organization, wholesale optical laboratories, marketing products and services company and an
optometric practice with a retail optical store. Earnings before taxes in 2002 includes a $1.3 million impairment charge to write-off the goodwill at
the Company’s marketing products and services company.
Other. Other includes management
services provided to a physician practice with multiple locations in the Southeast and an administrative services agreement.
The accounting policies of the various segments are
the same as those described in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Note 2. The Company evaluates the performance of its
segments based on earnings before taxes (EBT). Segment EBT includes all revenue and expenses directly attributable to the segment, certain corporate
expenses for salaries, wages and benefits directly attributable to the management of the reportable segment, allocated management, billing and
collection fees and goodwill amortization. Items excluded from the segment EBT primarily consist of corporate expenses for salaries, wages and
benefits, general and administrative and interest on debt. Corporate loss before taxes in 2002 includes a $1.0 million benefit related to the reversal
of excess restructuring reserves, and in 2001 includes $12.6 million of restructuring and special charges.
Segment identifiable assets include accounts
receivable, inventory, other current assets and long-lived assets of the segment. Corporate identifiable assets represent all other assets of the
Company including cash and cash equivalents, corporate other current assets, and corporate long-lived assets, which include property and equipment,
notes receivable and other long-term assets and assets of discontinued operations. Capital expenditures for long-lived assets were not reported to
management by segment in 2001 and are excluded, as presenting such information is not practical. The Company has no revenues attributed to customers
outside of the United States and no assets located in foreign countries.
F-21
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
16. OPERATING SEGMENTS (Continued)
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
Surgical
Facilities
|
|
Product
Sales
|
|
Other
|
|
Corporate
|
|
Total
|
2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
36,410 |
|
|
$ |
10,871 |
|
|
$ |
8,225 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
55,506 |
|
Earnings
(loss) before taxes |
|
|
|
|
9,383 |
|
|
|
2,150 |
|
|
|
(164 |
) |
|
|
(5,563 |
) |
|
|
5,806 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization |
|
|
|
|
1,778 |
|
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
2,677 |
|
Interest
income |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
131 |
|
Interest
expense |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
Capital
expenditures |
|
|
|
|
2,524 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
139 |
|
|
|
2,893 |
|
Identifiable
assets |
|
|
|
|
30,539 |
|
|
|
10,720 |
|
|
|
2,521 |
|
|
|
20,108 |
|
|
|
63,888 |
|
2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
33,665 |
|
|
$ |
11,649 |
|
|
$ |
8,459 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
53,773 |
|
Earnings
(loss) before taxes |
|
|
|
|
10,349 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
(4,818 |
) |
|
|
6,096 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization |
|
|
|
|
1,481 |
|
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
585 |
|
|
|
2,461 |
|
Interest
income |
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
157 |
|
Interest
expense |
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
407 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
Capital
expenditures |
|
|
|
|
1,444 |
|
|
|
278 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
1,844 |
|
Identifiable
assets |
|
|
|
|
29,208 |
|
|
|
10,151 |
|
|
|
2,234 |
|
|
|
22,535 |
|
|
|
64,128 |
|
2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
33,786 |
|
|
$ |
11,740 |
|
|
$ |
7,914 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
53,440 |
|
Earnings
(loss) before taxes |
|
|
|
|
9,049 |
|
|
|
819 |
|
|
|
721 |
|
|
|
(22,273 |
) |
|
|
(11,684 |
) |
Depreciation
and amortization |
|
|
|
|
2,617 |
|
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
1,054 |
|
|
|
4,390 |
|
Interest
income |
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
58 |
|
Interest
expense |
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
951 |
|
|
|
965 |
|
Identifiable
assets |
|
|
|
|
24,391 |
|
|
|
13,790 |
|
|
|
2,989 |
|
|
|
51,082 |
|
|
|
92,252 |
|
17. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Facility Rent
The Company leases facility space from various
related parties, which include affiliated partners. Amounts paid to related parties for rent, taxes and other facility costs amounted to approximately
$686,000, $1.7 million and $2.3 million during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company’s minimum annual rental commitments include total
commitments of $2.1 million that relate to facilities leased from related parties. Annual rent commitments for the five years commencing with 2004 are
approximately $650,000, $650,000, $500,000, $200,000 and $50,000. (See Note 12).
Notes Receivable
The Company holds notes receivable of $3.6 million,
less reserves of $1.8 million, from physicians affiliated with the Company. This includes $2.7 million of non-interest bearing tax loans issued in
connection with the IPO (see below) and $900,000 issued in the Company’s divestiture transactions with variable interest rates ranging from 5.5%
to 7.0% and having multi-year terms.
As disclosed in a prospectus filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 1999, in connection with the exchange of $9.7 million of the Company’s subordinated exchangeable
promissory notes resulting from its IPO, the Company agreed to lend each of these noteholders an amount equal to the Federal and state income taxes
payable by the holder as a result of the exchange of the notes, but only for those shares of the Company’s common stock received in the exchange
which they still owned as of April 1, 2000. In accordance with
F-22
NOVAMED, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
17. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
(Continued)
these
agreements, the Company loaned $2.7 million to the holders, the majority of which was
advanced in April 2000. The tax loans are noninterest bearing, nonrecourse to the debtor
and secured by a number of shares of the Company’s common stock held by the debtor
having a value, based on the offering price, equal to two times the loan amount. Upon
the sale by a debtor after April 1, 2000 of any shares of the Company’s common stock
issued in exchange for a note, the debtor will be required to repay a fraction of the
debtor’s initial tax loan amount equal to the number of shares sold divided by the
total number of shares of the Company’s common stock previously issued in exchange
for a note and owned by the debtor as of April 1, 2000. The tax loans are payable by the
debtors upon the Company’s demand for payment. Currently, the Company intends to
allow the debtors to repay these loans as they dispose of their shares of the Company’s
common stock. The Company also has agreed to reimburse these debtors on a grossed-up
basis, for any Federal or state taxes that they recognize as a result of imputed interest
on the tax loans.
Other
The Company receives professional services from a
firm that employs a director of the Company. Total payments for services received during 2003, 2002 and 2001 were approximately $346,000, $682,000 and
$720,500, respectively.
18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
During the first quarter of 2004 the Company sold
22.5% minority equity interests in its Chattanooga, TN ASC to four physicians for cash proceeds of $270,000. In addition, the Company sold certain
assets of its adjacent physician practice to one of these physicians for $120,000.
| 19. |
|
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited) |
Summarized quarterly financial data for 2003 and
2002 is as follows (in thousands except per share data):
|
|
|
|
Quarter
|
|
2003
|
|
|
|
First
|
|
Second
|
|
Third
|
|
Fourth
|
Net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
13,503 |
|
|
$ |
14,018 |
|
|
$ |
14,374 |
|
|
$ |
13,611 |
|
Income from
continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
1,396 |
|
|
|
1,978 |
|
|
|
2,175 |
|
|
|
1,828 |
|
Net income
from operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing |
|
|
|
|
559 |
|
|
|
790 |
|
|
|
799 |
|
|
|
1,336 |
|
Discontinued |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
Net income
(loss) |
|
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
790 |
|
|
|
800 |
|
|
|
1,338 |
|
Basic
earnings (loss) per share |
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.06 |
|
Diluted
earnings (loss) per share |
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
Quarter
|
|
2002
|
|
|
|
First
|
|
Second
|
|
Third
|
|
Fourth
|
Net
revenue |
|
|
|
$ |
13,274 |
|
|
$ |
13,548 |
|
|
$ |
13,264 |
|
|
$ |
13,687 |
|
Income (loss)
from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
1,760 |
|
|
|
1,670 |
|
|
|
1,299 |
|
|
|
433 |
|
Net income
(loss) from operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing |
|
|
|
|
1,009 |
|
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
Discontinued |
|
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
Net income
(loss) |
|
|
|
|
(891 |
) |
|
|
1,404 |
|
|
|
933 |
|
|
|
(1,236 |
) |
Basic
earnings (loss) per share |
|
|
|
|
(0.04 |
) |
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
(0.05 |
) |
Diluted
earnings (loss) per share |
|
|
|
|
(0.04 |
) |
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
(0.05 |
) |
F-23
Schedule I
NOVAMED, INC.
RULE 12-09 VALUATION RESERVES
(in
000’s)
Allowance for contractual adjustments and bad debt
|
|
|
|
Balance at
beginning
of period
|
|
Charged to
costs and
expenses
|
|
Deductions
|
|
Balance at
end of
period
|
2001 |
|
|
|
$ |
3,697 |
|
|
|
30,838 |
|
|
|
(26,525 |
) |
|
$ |
8,010 |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
$ |
8,010 |
|
|
|
35,850 |
|
|
|
(37,827 |
) |
|
$ |
6,033 |
|
2003 |
|
|
|
$ |
6,033 |
|
|
|
52,582 |
|
|
|
(51,004 |
) |
|
$ |
7,611 |
|
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, on the 29th day of March, 2004.
|
|
|
|
NOVAMED, INC. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By:
/S/ STEPHEN J. WINJUM
Stephen J. Winjum
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors |
|
|
|
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the
29th day of March, 2004.
Signature
|
|
|
|
Title
|
|
/S/
STEPHEN J. WINJUM
Stephen J. Winjum |
|
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), Chairman of the Board of Directors, and a Director
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ SCOTT T. MACOMBER
Scott T. Macomber |
|
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ JOHN
P. HART
John P. Hart |
|
|
|
Vice President Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ R.
JUDD JESSUP
R. Judd Jessup |
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ SCOTT
H. KIRK
Scott H. Kirk, M.D. |
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
|
/S/
STEVEN V. NAPOLITANO
Steven V. Napolitano |
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ C.A.
LANCE PICCOLO
C.A. Lance Piccolo |
|
|
|
Director
|
|
|
|
|