UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2005
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File No.: 0-11113
PACIFIC CAPITAL BANCORP
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
California | 95-3673456 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
1021 Anacapa St., 3rd Floor Santa Barbara, California |
93101 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(805) 564-6405
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes x No ¨
Common Stock - As of May 5, 2005 there were 45,825,993 shares of the issuers common stock outstanding.
1
Item 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
PACIFIC CAPITAL BANCORP & SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(dollars and share amounts in thousands except per share amounts)
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 | ||||||
Assets: |
|||||||
Cash and due from banks |
$ | 146,360 | $ | 133,116 | |||
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value (Note 4) |
1,460,050 | 1,524,874 | |||||
Loans, net of allowance of $55,993 at March 31, 2005 and $53,977 at December 31, 2004 (Note 5) |
4,164,562 | 4,008,317 | |||||
Premises, equipment and other long-term assets |
103,835 | 100,282 | |||||
Accrued interest receivable |
24,406 | 24,000 | |||||
Goodwill (Note 7) |
109,745 | 109,745 | |||||
Other intangible assets (Notes 7 and 8) |
4,536 | 5,321 | |||||
Other assets (Note 6) |
168,333 | 119,130 | |||||
Total assets |
$ | 6,181,827 | $ | 6,024,785 | |||
Liabilities: |
|||||||
Deposits: |
|||||||
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |
$ | 1,069,499 | $ | 1,013,772 | |||
Interest-bearing deposits |
3,488,517 | 3,498,518 | |||||
Total Deposits |
4,558,016 | 4,512,290 | |||||
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
244,427 | 179,041 | |||||
Long-term debt and other borrowings (Note 9) |
780,766 | 823,122 | |||||
Obligations under capital lease (Note 9) |
9,166 | 9,130 | |||||
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |
84,721 | 41,520 | |||||
Total liabilities |
5,677,096 | 5,565,103 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) |
|||||||
Shareholders equity |
|||||||
Common stock (no par value; $0.25 per share stated value; 80,000 authorized; 45,811 outstanding at March 31, 2005 and 45,719 at December 31, 2004) |
11,457 | 11,434 | |||||
Preferred stock no par value; shares authorized: 1,000; shares issued and outstanding: none |
| | |||||
Surplus |
81,088 | 78,903 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
(364 | ) | 7,970 | ||||
Retained earnings |
412,550 | 361,375 | |||||
Total shareholders equity |
504,731 | 459,682 | |||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 6,181,827 | $ | 6,024,785 | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PACIFIC CAPITAL BANCORP & SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(dollars and share amounts in thousands except per share amounts)
For the Three-Month March 31, |
||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||
Interest income: |
||||||||
Loans |
$ | 129,004 | $ | 86,624 | ||||
Securities |
16,012 | 13,660 | ||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell |
250 | 481 | ||||||
Total interest income |
145,266 | 100,765 | ||||||
Interest expense: |
||||||||
Deposits |
13,740 | 8,988 | ||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Federal funds purchased |
1,401 | 534 | ||||||
Other borrowed funds |
7,742 | 5,375 | ||||||
Total interest expense |
22,883 | 14,897 | ||||||
Net interest income |
122,383 | 85,868 | ||||||
Provision for credit losses (Note 5) |
39,012 | 7,584 | ||||||
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |
83,371 | 78,284 | ||||||
Non interest revenue: |
||||||||
Service charges on deposits |
4,291 | 4,036 | ||||||
Trust fees |
4,355 | 4,054 | ||||||
Refund transfer fees |
20,821 | 17,715 | ||||||
Other service charges, commissions and fees, net |
7,857 | 5,824 | ||||||
Net gain on sale of tax refund loans |
26,023 | 2,945 | ||||||
Net (loss) gain on securities transactions |
(109 | ) | (67 | ) | ||||
Other income |
1,920 | 2,114 | ||||||
Total noninterest revenue |
65,158 | 36,621 | ||||||
Operating expense: |
||||||||
Salaries and benefits |
28,231 | 25,130 | ||||||
Net occupancy expense |
4,079 | 3,552 | ||||||
Equipment expense |
2,361 | 2,069 | ||||||
Other expense |
18,837 | 16,365 | ||||||
Total operating expense |
53,508 | 47,116 | ||||||
Income before income taxes |
95,021 | 67,789 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
35,615 | 25,198 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 59,406 | $ | 42,591 | ||||
Earnings per share - basic (Note 3) |
$ | 1.30 | $ | 0.94 | ||||
Earnings per share - diluted (Note 3) |
$ | 1.29 | $ | 0.93 | ||||
Average number of shares - basic |
45,778 | 45,374 | ||||||
Average number of shares - diluted |
46,123 | 45,817 | ||||||
Dividends declared per share |
$ | 0.18 | $ | 0.17 | ||||
Dividends paid per share |
$ | 0.18 | $ | 0.17 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
PACIFIC CAPITAL BANCORP & SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)
For the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
Net Income |
$ | 59,406 | $ | 42,591 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,729 | 2,276 | ||||||
Provision for credit losses |
39,012 | 7,584 | ||||||
Net amortization of discounts and premiums for securities and commercial paper |
(217 | ) | 348 | |||||
Reverse amortization on capital lease |
46 | | ||||||
Amortization of net deferred loan fees |
1,298 | 1,134 | ||||||
Net loss (gain) on sales and calls of securities |
109 | 67 | ||||||
Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets |
(43,236 | ) | (27,345 | ) | ||||
Change in accrued interest payable and other liabilities |
43,201 | 46,894 | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
102,348 | 73,549 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
Purchase of bank or branches |
| (123,282 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from sales of AFS securities |
22,545 | 12,621 | ||||||
Proceeds from calls, maturities, and partial paydowns of AFS securities |
84,997 | 60,596 | ||||||
Purchase of AFS securities |
(56,990 | ) | (110,468 | ) | ||||
Net (increase) decrease in loans made to customers |
(196,555 | ) | (105,813 | ) | ||||
Net purchase or investment in premises and equipment |
(5,834 | ) | (4,367 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(151,837 | ) | (270,713 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in deposits |
45,726 | 146,290 | ||||||
Net increase (decrease) in borrowings with maturities of 90 days or less |
53,416 | (11,669 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from long-term debt and other borrowing |
5,000 | 56,000 | ||||||
Payments on long-term debt and other borrowing |
(35,386 | ) | (19,600 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
2,208 | 2,397 | ||||||
Dividends paid |
(8,231 | ) | (7,478 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
62,733 | 165,940 | ||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
13,244 | (31,224 | ) | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
133,116 | 183,020 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 146,360 | $ | 151,796 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure: |
||||||||
Interest paid during period |
$ | 23,727 | $ | 16,087 | ||||
Income taxes paid during period |
$ | 520 | $ | |
4
PACIFIC CAPITAL BANCORP & SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)
For the Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2005 |
For the Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Before-Tax Amount |
Tax (Benefit)/ Expense |
Net-of-Tax Amount |
Before-Tax Amount |
Tax (Benefit)/ Expense |
Net-of-Tax Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||
Net Income |
$ | 95,021 | $ | 35,615 | $ | 59,406 | $ | 67,789 | $ | 25,198 | $ | 42,591 | ||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized (loss) gain on securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during period |
(14,490 | ) | (6,093 | ) | (8,397 | ) | 10,271 | 4,319 | 5,952 | |||||||||||||||
Less: reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income |
(109 | ) | (46 | ) | (63 | ) | (67 | ) | (28 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income |
(14,381 | ) | (6,047 | ) | (8,334 | ) | 10,338 | 4,347 | 5,991 | |||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 80,640 | $ | 29,568 | $ | 51,072 | $ | 78,127 | $ | 29,545 | $ | 48,582 | ||||||||||||
5
PACIFIC CAPITAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements
March 31, 2005
(Unaudited)
1. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the parent holding company, Pacific Capital Bancorp (Bancorp), and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Pacific Capital Bank, N.A. (the Bank or PCBNA), two service corporations, and two securitization subsidiaries. The activities of one of the service corporations are minimal; the other is inactive. The securitization subsidiaries are or have been used for the transactions described in Note 8, Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets. One is used only in the first quarter of each year and the other is currently inactive. All references to the Company apply to Pacific Capital Bancorp and its subsidiaries. Bancorp will be used to refer to the parent company only. Material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
On March 5, 2004, the Company acquired Pacific Crest Capital, Inc. (PCCI) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Pacific Crest Bank, Pacific Crest Capital Trust I (PCC Trust I), Pacific Crest Capital Trust II (PCC Trust II), and Pacific Crest Capital Trust III (PCC Trust III). PCCI was merged into Bancorp, while Pacific Crest Bank was merged into PCBNA. PCC Trust I, PCC Trust II, and PCC Trust III were created by PCCI for the exclusive purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. These three entities remain stand-alone subsidiaries of Bancorp but are not consolidated in the Companys financial statements (see Variable Interest Entities in this Note regarding the nonconsolidation of these subsidiaries and Note 2, Business Combinations for more information on the PCCI acquisition).
PCBNA uses the brand names of Santa Barbara Bank & Trust, First National Bank of Central California, South Valley National Bank, and San Benito Bank in its various market areas. Bank also includes the operations of Pacific Crest Bank, which was merged into PCBNA as part of the March 5, 2004 acquisition of PCCI. The Bank uses the brand name Pacific Capital Bank for the operations acquired with PCCI.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in a condensed format, and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for complete financial statements. In the opinion of Management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement have been reflected in the financial statements. However, the results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For the purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, money market funds, Federal funds sold, and securities purchased under agreements to resell.
Securities
Securities may be classified as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. Securities for which an investor has positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are classified as held-to-maturity. Securities that might be sold prior to maturity because of interest rate changes, to meet liquidity needs, or to better match the repricing characteristics of funding sources are classified as available-for-sale. If an investor were to purchase securities principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term, they would be classified as trading securities. The Company holds no securities that should be classified as trading securities and has decided that all securities could be sold for any of the reasons noted above. Consequently, it classifies all securities as available-for-sale. On determining gain or loss on securities, cost is determined by specific identification.
A Security is impaired if its fair value is less than its cost adjusted for accretion of discount or amortization of premium. In the last several months, there have been extensive discussions by accounting authorities regarding securities that might be other than temporarily impaired. This issue is discussed in the sub-section of this note titled, New Accounting
6
Pronouncements. The Company has not purchased any securities arising out of highly leveraged transactions, and its investment policy prohibits the purchase of any securities of less than investment grade.
Loans
Nonaccrual LoansWhen a borrower is not making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must decide whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest income. Generally, the Company stops accruing interest when the loan has become delinquent by more than 90 days, or in the case of individually analyzed large loans, when either an event of default has occurred or when analysis suggests that it is unlikely that the obligor will continue to pay according to the agreed terms of the credit.
Neither delinquency or default is a requirement for nonaccrual status. Once reasonable doubt about the collectibility exists, the loan is put on nonaccrual. In the case of consumer loans, it is usually an event of delinquency or default that raises the doubt of collectibility, but in the case of commercial loans, doubt may be raised by other events. For example, the financial statements required of these borrowers may show a deterioration in their financial condition or a borrower may begin borrowing under a line of credit to make payments on another loan.
Impaired LoansSpecific kinds of loans are identified as impaired when it is probable that interest and principal will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. Because this definition is very similar to that used by Management to determine on which loans interest should not be accrued, the Company expects that most impaired loans will be on nonaccrual status. Therefore, in general, the accrual of interest on impaired loans is discontinued, and any uncollected interest is written off against interest income in the current period. No further income is recognized until all recorded amounts of principal are recovered in full or until circumstances have changed such that the loan is no longer regarded as impaired.
Impaired loans are reviewed each quarter or upon receipt of material information, to determine whether a valuation allowance for loan loss is required. The amount of the valuation allowance for impaired loans is determined by comparing the recorded investment in each loan with its value measured by one of three methods. The first method is to estimate the expected future cash flows and then discount them at the effective interest rate of the loan. The second method is to use the loans observable market price if the loan is of a kind for which there is a secondary market. The third method is to use the value of the underlying collateral. A valuation allowance is established for any amount by which the recorded investment exceeds the value of the impaired loan. If the value of the loan as determined by the selected method exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, and certain other factors suggest that the recorded investment is or would be reasonably realizable within the contractual term of the loan or within a reasonable period of time using methods available to the bank, then no valuation allowance for that loan is established.
GAAP recognizes that some impaired loans may have risk characteristics that are unique to the individual borrower while others may share common risk characteristics. In the former case, the creditor is expected to apply the measurement methods mentioned in the preceding paragraph on a loan-by-loan basis. In the latter case, the creditor is allowed to aggregate those loans and use historical statistics in measuring the amount of the valuation allowance needed. Because the loans currently identified as impaired by the Company have unique risk characteristics, the valuation allowance disclosed in Note 5, Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses, for impaired loans is determined on a loan-by-loan basis.
The amount of impaired loans and the allowance provided for them are disclosed in Note 5.
Allowance for Other LoansThe Company also provides an allowance for credit losses for other loans. These include: (1) groups of loans for which the allowance is determined by historical loss experience ratios for similar loans; (2) specific loans that are not included in one of the types of loans covered by the concept of impairment but for which repayment is nonetheless uncertain; and (3) probable losses incurred in the various loan portfolios, but which have not been specifically identified as of the period end. The amounts of the various components of the allowance for credit losses are based on review of individual loans, historical trends, current economic conditions, and other factors. This process is explained in detail in the notes to the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 (2004 10-K).
Loans that are deemed to be uncollectible are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. Uncollectibility is determined based on the individual circumstances of the loan and historical trends. Additions and reductions to the allowance for credit loss for the three month periods ended March 31, 2004 and 2005, and the balances as of those dates are disclosed in Note 5.
7
Origination FeesThe Company defers and amortizes loan fees collected and origination costs incurred over the lives of the related loans. For each category of loans, the net amount of the unamortized fees and costs are reported as a reduction or addition, respectively, to the balance reported. Because the fees collected are generally less than the origination costs incurred for consumer loans, the total net deferred or unamortized amount for this category is an addition to the loan balances.
Other Assets
Property acquired as a result of defaulted loans is included within other assets on the balance sheets. Property from defaulted loans is carried at the lower of the outstanding balance of the related loan at the time of foreclosure or the estimate of the market value of the assets less disposal costs. During the second quarter of 2004, the Company received a real estate property in satisfaction of a delinquent loan. The property was recorded at an estimate of its fair value less cost of disposal, $2.9 million. As of March 31, 2005, the Company still held the $2.9 million property.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill is recorded on the balance sheets in connection with acquisitions of other financial institutions. The Company recognized the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the assets received and liabilities assumed as goodwill. The goodwill recognized in connection with the March 5, 2004 PCCI acquisition is recorded in the Pacific Capital segment on the tables included in Note 14, Segment Disclosure, while the remainder of the Companys goodwill is recorded within the Community Banking segment.
Customer deposits with financial institutionsespecially the deposits other than certificatesare generally the result of long-term customer relationships. These deposits are therefore more valuable to a purchaser than simply their outstanding amount would indicate because financial institutions have to spend marketing and other acquisition costs to generate these customer relationships. Therefore, when deposits are purchased, the seller demands an acquisition cost representing the value of the relationship. In the sale of deposits, because the buyer is actually assuming a liability from the seller, this acquisition cost is represented by the amount that the liability assumed exceeds the cash paid by the seller to the buyer to assume the liability. This acquisition cost is termed a Core Deposit Intangible (CDI). The Company records this CDI as an asset and amortizes it against other expense over the expected average life of the deposit relationships acquired. For any particular acquisition, the amount of the CDI and the expected average life of the relationship will differ depending on the nature of the deposits and the customers.
Intangible assets, including goodwill, have been and will be reviewed each year to determine if circumstances related to their valuation have been materially affected. In the event that the current market values are determined to be less than the current book values (impairment), a charge against current earnings will be recorded. No such impairment existed at March 31, 2005 or December 31, 2004.
See Note 2, Business Combinations, for information regarding the March 5, 2004 acquisition of PCCI.
Loan Sales and Loan Servicing Rights
The Company sells some of the residential real estate loans that it originates. Whether it sells loans during any particular period and how much are sold depends on a number of factors, including the Companys interest rate risk profile, the fees and gains available from selling, the amount of loans originated, and the coupon rates. Some of the residential loans sold are sold servicing released and the purchaser takes over the collection of the payments. However, most are sold with servicing retained and the Company continues to receive the payments from the borrower and forwards the funds to the purchaser. The Company earns a fee for this service. The sales are made without recourse, that is, the purchaser cannot look to the Company as a source of repayment in the event the borrower does not perform according to the terms of the note. GAAP requires companies engaged in mortgage banking activities to recognize the rights to service mortgage loans for others as separate assets. For loans sold, a portion of the investment in the loan is allocated to the right to receive this fee for servicing and this value is recorded as a separate asset. This allocation is based on an estimate of the fair value of the servicing rights.
The Company originates some of the SBA loans with the intention of selling the guaranteed portion. As with the residential loans that are sold, these loans are sold promptly after origination. The Company does not hold them for some period of time
8
to assemble groups or pools for sale. Consequently, the amount at any particular time and any adjustment to the market value from changes in interest rates are immaterial.
Rent Expense
Most of the leases on the buildings the Company rents provide for periodic cost of living rent increases based on the consumer price index. However, some provide for either fixed dollar or minimum percentage increases. For these latter leases, as required by GAAP, the monthly rent expense is computed by dividing the total minimum rent to be paid over the term of the lease by the number of months in the term. During the early years of the lease term, rent expense will be more than the monthly payment and a liability will be recognized. During the later years of the lease term, the payment will be more than the rent expense recognized and the liability will be gradually reduced to zero at the end of the lease term.
Comprehensive Income
The balances in the equity accounts of the Company are impacted by transactions with shareholders. These impacts would include increases from the sale of new stock or the issuance of new stock upon the exercise of stock options. They would also include decreases arising from distributions to shareholders in the form of either dividends or share repurchases. Changes in the equity accounts other than those changes resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners are called comprehensive income. Net income is the primary component of comprehensive income. For the Company, the only component of comprehensive income other than net income is the unrealized gain or loss on securities classified as available-for-sale. The aggregate amount of such changes to equity that have not yet been recognized in net income are reported in the equity portion of the Consolidated Balance Sheets net of income tax effect as Accumulated other comprehensive income.
When an available-for-sale security is sold, a realized gain or loss will be included in net income and, therefore, in comprehensive income. Consequently, the recognition of any unrealized gain or loss for that security that had been included in comprehensive income in an earlier period must be reversed in the current period to avoid including it twice. These adjustments are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as a reclassification adjustment for gains or losses included in net income.
Segment Disclosure
While the Companys products and services are all of the nature of commercial banking, the Company has six reportable segments. There are five specific segments: Community Banking, Commercial Banking, Refund Programs, Fiduciary, and Pacific Capital. The remaining activities of the Company are reported in a segment titled All Other.
Information regarding how the Company determines its segments is provided in Note 26, Segment Reporting, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Companys 2004 10-K. This information includes descriptions of the factors used in identifying these segments, the types and services from which revenues for each segment are derived, charges and credits for funds obtained from or provided to other segments, and how the specific measure of profit or loss was selected. Readers of these interim statements are referred to that information to better understand the disclosures for each of the segments in Note 14, Segment Disclosure. There have been no changes in the basis of segmentation or in the measurement of segment profit or loss from the description given in the 2004 10-K.
Stock-Based Compensation
GAAP permits the Company to use either of two methods for accounting for compensation cost in connection with employee stock options. The first methodtermed the fair value methodrequires issuers to record compensation expense over the period the options are expected to be outstanding prior to exercise, expiration, or cancellation. The amount of compensation expense to be recognized over this term is the fair value of the options at the time of the grant as determined by an option pricing model. The option pricing model computes fair value for the options based on the length of their term, the volatility of the stock price in past periods, and other factors. Under this method, the issuer recognizes compensation expense regardless of whether the officer or director eventually exercises the options.
9
The second method is termed the intrinsic value method. Under this accounting method, if options are granted at an exercise price equal to the market value of the stock at the time of the grant, no compensation expense is recognized. GAAP requires that issuers that elect the second method must present pro forma disclosures of net income and earnings per share as if the first method had been elected. The Company uses this second method.
Had the Company recognized compensation expense over the expected life of the options based on the fair value method as discussed above, the Companys pro forma salary expense, net income, and earnings per share for the three month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 would have been as follows:
For the Three-Month March 31, |
||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2005 |
2004 |
||||||
Net Income, as reported |
$ | 59,406 | $ | 42,591 | ||||
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects |
(304 | ) | (122 | ) | ||||
Pro forma net income |
$ | 59,102 | $ | 42,469 | ||||
Earnings Per Share: |
||||||||
Basic - as reported |
$ | 1.30 | $ | 0.94 | ||||
Basic - pro forma |
$ | 1.29 | $ | 0.94 | ||||
Diluted - as reported |
$ | 1.29 | $ | 0.93 | ||||
Diluted - pro forma |
$ | 1.28 | $ | 0.93 |
For purposes of the 2005 computation, the significant assumptions used, computed on a weighted average basis, were:
Risk free interest rate: |
3.88% | |
Expected life: |
4 years for 5-year options, 5 years for 10-year options | |
Expected volatility 2 years: |
0.0293 | |
Expected volatility 4 years: |
0.0274 | |
Expected volatility 5 years: |
0.0261 | |
Expected dividend |
$0.80 per year |
For purposes of the 2004 computation, the significant assumptions used, computed on a weighted average basis, were:
Risk free interest rate: |
2.74% | |
Expected life: |
4 years for 5-year options, 5 years for 10-year options | |
Expected volatility 2 years: |
0.2023 | |
Expected volatility 4 years: |
0.2227 | |
Expected volatility 5 years: |
0.2226 | |
Expected dividend: |
$0.63 per year |
For the first quarters of 2005 and 2004, had the Company elected the first method of accounting for its stock options, the impact would be to lower its net income by 0.51% and 0.28%, respectively, and fully diluted earnings per share by 0.77% and 0.0%, respectively. Options are granted to directors and certain officers of the Company by authorization of the Compensation Committee of the Board. Throughout the year, stock options may be issued to new directors and new and promoted employees depending on their job classification throughout the year. The Committee authorizes a broader issuance of options to current employees generally every two years. This broader issuance occurred in the second quarter of 2004.
10
Derivative Instruments
The Company has established policies and procedures to permit limited types and amounts of derivative instruments to help manage its interest rate risk. At various times under this authority, the Company has entered into interest rate swaps to mitigate interest rate risk. Under the terms of these swaps, the Company paid a fixed rate of interest to the counterparty and received a floating rate of interest. Such swaps have the effect of converting fixed rate financial instruments into variable or floating rate instruments. Such swaps may be related to specific instruments or specifically identified pools of instrumentsloans, securities, or deposits with similar interest rate characteristics or terms.
The Company has also established policies and procedures to sell derivatives, specifically interest rate swaps, to customers to assist them in managing their interest rate risk. Generally these customers have wanted to protect themselves from rising rates. Depending on the notional amount of the swap, the Company may cover its position with an interest rate swap purchased from another counterparty with equal but opposite terms, thereby covering its position, so as not to incur any additional interest rate risk. With smaller transactions that mitigate the Companys current interest rate risk position, the Company may elect not cover its position. The Companys policy limits both the individual notional amount and the aggregate notional amount of these covered and uncovered derivatives.
The Company engages in a very small number of foreign exchange contracts with customers. These may be either spot or future contracts. Future contracts are always covered by an offsetting contract with another counterparty so that there is no risk of loss from changes in the relative price of currencies over the term of the contract.
Other types of derivatives are permitted by the Companys policies, but have not been utilized.
All derivatives are required to be recorded at their current fair value on the balance sheet. Certain derivatives may be designated as either fair value or cash flow accounting hedges and qualify for the deferral of all or a part of changes in their fair value in the basis of the item being hedged or in accumulated other comprehensive income. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not related to specific instruments and do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting are included in net income, within other income or other expense as appropriate.
The swaps sold to customers are not intended to act as a hedge for the Companys interest rate risk position with respect to the loan. They are intended only to be a hedge by the customer for the customers position. Consequently, they do not meet the requirement for hedge accounting. Consequently, changes in the fair value of these hedges are included in the Companys net income in the period in which the changes occur. Because a derivative may not be used to hedge another derivative, any changes in the fair value of swaps entered into to cover the Companys position on the customer swaps are also included in net income in the period in which they occur. Because the covering swap will have the same terms as the Companys swap with the customer, gains and losses will net to no income impact for these swaps.
Variable Interest Entities
In December 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN 46R). In effect, FIN 46R applies broader criteria than just voting rights in determining whether a controlling financial interest in one entity by another exists. Specifically, if by design the owners of the entity have not made an equity investment sufficient to absorb its expected losses and the owners lack any one of three essential characteristics of controlling financial interest, the entity is to be consolidated in the financial statements of its primary beneficiary. The three characteristics are the ability to make decisions about the entitys activities, the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, and the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity.
The Company has two special-purpose entities used for the securitizations described in Note 8, Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets. The special-purpose entity that was used for the indirect auto loan securitization was exempt from this pronouncement because it is a qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) as described in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities (SFAS 140) . If this entity were now active, instead of disclosing its rights and obligations related to this QSPE under the provisions of FIN 46, the Company would disclose them under the provisions of SFAS 140.
The special-purpose entity used for the tax refund loan securitization is a variable interest entity within the scope of FIN 46R, and is consolidated with the Company. In the structure of this securitization, the loans are sold by the special-purpose entity to securitization conduits established by one or more financial institutions to hold a variety of assets purchased from a number of other financial institutions. These conduits, which are different from the special purpose entity, are variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46R. However, they
11
hold refund anticipation loans (RALs) originated by the Company only during one month of each year. They continue to function during the eleven months of the year holding other types of loans purchased from other financial institutions. Therefore, because it is not the primary beneficiary of them and because it exercises no control over the other assets purchased or held, the Company has concluded that consolidation of these conduits with the Company is not required by FIN 46. While used only during the first quarter of each year, the special purpose entity for RALs remains in place from year to year.
In connection with the March 5, 2004 PCCI acquisition, Bancorp added three business trust subsidiaries which had been originally created by PCCI for the exclusive purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The three subsidiaries are PCC Trust I, PCC Trust II, and PCC Trust III. The purchasers of the securities are the primary beneficiaries of these entities. Because Bancorp is not the primary beneficiary of these entities, in accordance with FIN 46 they are not consolidated with the Company. However, the Company has included the investments in these subsidiaries in Other assets and the subordinated debt owed by the Company to these subsidiaries is included in Long-term debt and other borrowings on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. This subordinated debt has exactly the same terms as the trust preferred securities owed by the trusts. In its Consolidated Statements of Income, the Company has reported dividend income from the subsidiaries in Other income and interest expense on the subordinated debt in Other borrowed funds.
The Company has invested in several partnerships that promote the development of low cost housing by providing incentives in the form of tax credits. The partnerships also help the Company to meet its obligations under the Community Reinvest-ment Act. These partnerships are variable interest entities within the scope of FIN 46 because, as a group, the holders of the equity interests in these entities do not have the direct or indirect ability to make decisions about the entities activities through voting rights or similar rights. The Company owns more than 50% of the partnership interests in one of these partnerships. The Company has therefore consolidated the assets, liabilities, and operating results of that partnership with the assets, liabilities and operating results of the Company. Consolidation resulted in an additional $3.1 million in assets and a liability for the minority interest of $3.1 million. The Company recognized the whole amount of the operating losses of this partnership which decreased noninterest revenue by $73,000 and recognized a reduction of other expense for $73,000 for the other partners share of the losses.
Management does not believe that the Company is the primary beneficiary of any other comparable entities such that consolidation with the Companys financial statements would be required by GAAP.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R) was issued in December 2004. It requires that the Company recognize in the income statement the fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees. The fair value is determined as of the date these equity instruments are granted. The compensation expense will be recognized as a charge against earnings over the requisite service period.
SFAS 123R permits two alternative transition methods; the modified prospective method and the modified retrospective transition method. Under the modified prospective method, awards that are granted, modified, or settled after the date of adoption should be measured and accounted for in accordance with SFAS 123R. Unvested equity-classified awards that were granted prior to the effective date should continue to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS 123 except that amounts must be recognized in the income statement. Under the modified retrospective approach, the previously reported amounts are restated, either to the beginning of the year of adoption or for all periods presented, to reflect the SFAS 123 amounts in the income statement.
The Statement was to be effective for interim periods beginning after June 15, 2005. In April 2005, the Securities Exchange Commission amended the effective date to be the start of the first fiscal year following June 15, 2005. Under this amendment, the Company will need to adopt SFAS 123R beginning with the first quarter of 2006. The Company has not, as yet, decided which of the two transition methods to use. Management expects the adoption of this statement will have an effect on its annual earnings approximately equivalent to the proforma adjustments disclosed above in this note for SFAS 123, i.e. a reduction of $1.2 million or $0.03 per share. Based on Managements current expectations for net income for 2005, this would represent a reduction of approximately 1.10%.
12
In December 2003, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position 03-3 (SOP 03-3). SOP 03-3 requires loans that are acquired in a transfer or business combination, the credit quality of which has deteriorated since origination, to be accounted for at fair value. No allowance for loan losses or other valuation allowance is permitted at the time of acquisition. Valuation allowances should reflect only losses incurred after the acquisition. Provisions of the SOP are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2004. The Company adopted SOP 03-3 on January 1, 2005 with no financial impact.
The Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) was established by the FASB to provide prompt resolution of certain specialized accounting issues. In 2003, the EITF addressed the issue of how to measure and account for the other than temporary impairment of securities. The EITF reached a consensus that was described in a document entitled, Issue No. 03-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments (Issue 03-1). Issue 03-1 defined impairment as the amount by which the cost of an investment (adjusted for the amortization of premium and the accretion of discount) exceeded the fair value of the investment.
Issue 03-1 requires that an investor write-down through a charge to income any other than temporary impairment of a security unless the investor has both the ability and intent to hold the maturity until recovery of the cost of the investment is assured. No distinction was made by the EITF between the treatment of other than temporary impairment due to credit concerns and that due to changes in interest rates. It also indicated that a pattern of sales of securities that were impaired because of interest rate reasons would taint the assertion by management that it had the intent to hold until recovery.
In September 2004, the FASB issued a pronouncement that it would re-examine the issue and that the provisions in the preceding paragraph would be held in abeyance until it could reach a conclusion.
The Company will consider how this practice will be impacted by the provisions of whatever pronouncement is issued by the FASB.
2. | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS |
On February 28, 2005, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with First Bancshares, Inc. (FSLO) under which the Company will acquire FSLO in an all-cash transaction.
On March 5, 2004, the Company acquired Pacific Crest Capital, Inc. (PCCI) in an all cash transaction valued at $136 million, or $26 per each diluted share of Pacific Crest Capital common stock. PCCI was an Agoura Hills, California-based bank holding company that conducted business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Pacific Crest Bank, which had three branches located in Beverly Hills, Encino and San Diego. Since its establishment in 1974, Pacific Crest Bank had operated as a specialized business bank serving small businesses, entrepreneurs and investors. Its products include customized loans on income producing real estate, business loans under the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) 7(a) and 504 programs, lines of credit and term loans to businesses and professionals, and savings and checking account programs. Pacific Crest Bank was an SBA-designated Preferred Lender in California, Arizona and Oregon. In addition to three branches, it operated six loan production offices in California and Oregon. The Company acquired PCCI primarily for its commercial real estate and SBA commercial business lending operations. The Companys Consolidated Statement of Income for the three-month period ended March 31, 2004 includes the operations of PCCI from March 6, 2004 through March 31, 2004. The Company acquired $121 million in investment securities, $419 million in loans, $291 million in deposits, and other assets and liabilities in this transaction. The excess of the purchase price over the net fair value of the assets and liabilities, $80 million, was recognized as goodwill as discussed in Note 7, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
13
The following table presents pro forma combined information about results of operation as though the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2004.
Three Months March 31, |
January 1, 2004 Through March 5, 2004 |
Three Months March 31, | |||||||
(dollars in thousands except per share amounts) | Pacific Capital Bancorp |
Pacific Crest |
ProForma Combined | ||||||
Revenues |
$ | 137,386 | $ | 7,996 | $ | 145,382 | |||
Income before extraordinary items and the cumulative effect of accounting changes |
$ | 42,591 | $ | 1,694 | $ | 44,285 | |||
Net income |
$ | 42,591 | $ | 1,694 | $ | 44,285 | |||
Earnings per share |
$ | 1.24 | $ | 1.29 |
There were no extraordinary items or cumulative effects of accounting changes in the periods reported above for either company. The following nonrecurring items (pre-tax) are included in the Pacific Crest column in the above table for the period of January 1 through March 5, 2004 (in thousands):
Compensation cost to buy out stock options including payroll tax expense |
$ | 3,680 | |
Investment banking fees |
1,018 | ||
Legal expenses |
172 | ||
Other costs related to the acquisition |
193 | ||
Total |
$ | 5,063 | |
There were no material nonrecurring items included in the Company operating results for the first three months of 2004 related to the acquisition other than the payment of the consideration.
3. | EARNINGS PER SHARE |
Earnings per share for all periods presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income are computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share include the effect of the potential issuance of common shares. For the Company, these include only shares issuable on the exercise of outstanding stock options. Stock options with an exercise price greater than the average market price during the period have been excluded from the computations below because they are anti-dilutive.
14
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, was as follows (share, option, and net income amounts in thousands):
Three-month Periods | ||||||
(share and net income amounts in thousands) | Basic Earnings Per Share |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | ||||
Period ended March 31, 2005 |
||||||
Numerator Net Income |
$ | 59,406 | $ | 59,406 | ||
Denominator weighted average shares outstanding |
45,778 | 45,778 | ||||
Plus: net shares issued in assumed stock option exercises |
345 | |||||
Diluted denominator |
46,123 | |||||
Earnings per share |
$ | 1.30 | $ | 1.29 | ||
Anti-dilutive options excluded |
14 | |||||
Period ended March 31, 2004 |
||||||
Numerator Net Income |
$ | 42,591 | $ | 42,591 | ||
Denominator weighted average shares outstanding |
45,374 | 45,374 | ||||
Plus: net shares issued in assumed stock option exercises |
443 | |||||
Diluted denominator |
45,817 | |||||
Earnings per share |
$ | 0.94 | $ | 0.93 | ||
Anti-dilutive options excluded |
9 |
15
4. | SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE |
The amortized historical cost, market values and gross unrealized gains and losses of securities are as follows:
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2005 |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
|||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury obligations |
$ | 106,768 | $ | 168 | $ | (1,165 | ) | $ | 105,771 | ||||
U.S. agency obligations |
213,576 | 626 | (1,770 | ) | 212,432 | ||||||||
Collateralized mortgage obligations |
61,675 | 11 | (1,186 | ) | 60,500 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
875,849 | 1,353 | (17,763 | ) | 859,439 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
13,050 | | (11 | ) | 13,039 | ||||||||
State and municipal securities |
189,759 | 19,859 | (749 | ) | 208,869 | ||||||||
$ | 1,460,677 | $ | 22,017 | $ | (22,644 | ) | $ | 1,460,050 | |||||
December 31, 2004 | Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||
Available-for-sale: |
|||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury obligations |
$ | 112,401 | $ | 401 | $ | (576 | ) | $ | 112,226 | ||||
U.S. agency obligations |
209,353 | 1,513 | (821 | ) | 210,045 | ||||||||
Collateralized mortgage obligations |
63,663 | 76 | (486 | ) | 63,253 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
916,987 | 4,598 | (9,786 | ) | 911,799 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
20,274 | 72 | (39 | ) | 20,307 | ||||||||
State and municipal securities |
188,444 | 19,225 | (425 | ) | 207,244 | ||||||||
$ | 1,511,122 | $ | 25,885 | $ | (12,133 | ) | $ | 1,524,874 | |||||
Gains or losses may be realized on securities in the available-for-sale portfolio if the Company sells any of these securities in response to changes in interest rates or for other reasons related to the management of the components of the balance sheet.
The fair value of securities can change due to credit concerns, i.e. whether the issuer will in fact be able to pay the obligation when due, and due to changes in interest rates. All of the securities held by the Company are classified as available for sale, and all are therefore carried at their fair value. However, as required by GAAP, adjustments to the carrying amount for changes in fair value for securities classified as available-for-sale are not recorded in the Companys income statement. Instead, the after-tax effect of the change is shown in a separate component of capital. Consequently, as shown in the first table in this note, there are unrealized gains and losses related to the securities held by the Company. The amount of unrealized losses at March 31, 2005 has increased $10.5 million from December 31, 2004. All of this increase is due to changes in interest rates.
The Company does not hold any securities that it believes to be other than temporarily impaired where the impairment is due to credit concerns as described in Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin #59. Instead it is changes in interest rate that has caused the fair value to be less than the amortized cost. The Company has sometimes sold such securities because Management believes that such sales prevent a large build up of embedded losses that would reduce liquidity and income.
16
The following table discloses securities balances by category that are at an unrealized loss at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 and the range of duration of the loss. Included in the table are 104 securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than a year and 90 securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for more than one year. There are no credit concerns regarding any of these securities and consequently the Company has no reason to believe that the full par value of the securities will not be received. The Company has concluded that none of these securities is other than temporarily impaired.
Less than 12 months |
12 months or more |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 (dollars in thousands) |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
|||||||||||||||
US Treasury/US Agencies |
$ | 128,606 | $ | (1,997 | ) | $ | 55,546 | $ | (938 | ) | $ | 184,152 | $ | (2,935 | ) | ||||||
Mortgage Backed Securities |
298,371 | (4,674 | ) | 422,667 | (13,089 | ) | 721,038 | (17,763 | ) | ||||||||||||
Municipal Bonds |
16,478 | (330 | ) | 6,424 | (419 | ) | 22,902 | (749 | ) | ||||||||||||
Asset backed Securities |
9,055 | (2 | ) | 2,709 | (9 | ) | 11,764 | (11 | ) | ||||||||||||
Private CMO |
59,506 | (1,186 | ) | | | 59,506 | (1,186 | ) | |||||||||||||
Subtotal, Debt Securities |
512,016 | (8,189 | ) | 487,346 | (14,455 | ) | 999,362 | (22,644 | ) | ||||||||||||
Common Stock |
| | | | | | |||||||||||||||
Total temporarily impaired securities |
$ | 512,016 | $ | (8,189 | ) | $ | 487,346 | $ | (14,455 | ) | $ | 999,362 | $ | (22,644 | ) | ||||||
Less than 12 months |
12 months or more |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2004 (dollars in thousands) |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
|||||||||||||||
US Treasury/US Agencies |
$ | 161,519 | $ | (1,397 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | 161,519 | $ | (1,397 | ) | |||||||
Mortgage Backed Securities |
379,722 | (3,881 | ) | 239,932 | (5,905 | ) | 619,654 | (9,786 | ) | ||||||||||||
Municipal Bonds |
5,252 | (69 | ) | 8,066 | (356 | ) | 13,318 | (425 | ) | ||||||||||||
Asset backed Securities |
6,282 | (39 | ) | | | 6,282 | (39 | ) | |||||||||||||
Private CMO |
52,678 | (486 | ) | | | 52,678 | (486 | ) | |||||||||||||
Subtotal, Debt Securities |
605,453 | (5,872 | ) | 247,998 | (6,261 | ) | 853,451 | (12,133 | ) | ||||||||||||
Common Stock |
| | | | | | |||||||||||||||
Total temporarily impaired securities |
$ | 605,453 | $ | (5,872 | ) | $ | 247,998 | $ | (6,261 | ) | $ | 853,451 | $ | (12,133 | ) | ||||||
The amortized historical cost and estimated market value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown below. The issuers of certain of the securities have the right to call or prepay obligations before the contractual maturity date. Depending on the contractual terms of the security, the Company may receive a call or prepayment penalty in such instances.
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 | ||||
Available- for-Sale |
Available- for-Sale | |||||
Amortized cost: |
||||||
In one year or less |
$ | 129,473 | $ | 137,209 | ||
After one year through five years |
685,745 | 722,391 | ||||
After five years through ten years |
457,458 | 400,647 | ||||
After ten years |
188,001 | 250,875 | ||||
Total Securities |
$ | 1,460,677 | $ | 1,511,122 | ||
Estimated fair value: |
||||||
In one year or less |
$ | 129,841 | $ | 138,017 | ||
After one year through five years |
675,824 | 720,168 | ||||
After five years through ten years |
450,905 | 401,657 | ||||
After ten years |
203,480 | 265,032 | ||||
Total Securities |
$ | 1,460,050 | $ | 1,524,874 | ||
17
5. | LOANS AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES |
Loan Categories
The balances in the various loan categories are as follows:
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
March 31, 2004 | ||||||
Real estate: |
|||||||||
Residential - 1 to 4 family |
$ | 948,558 | $ | 892,705 | $ | 814,170 | |||
Multi-family residential |
197,387 | 182,936 | 148,871 | ||||||
Non-residential |
1,134,901 | 1,114,114 | 1,084,532 | ||||||
Construction |
306,323 | 286,387 | 266,916 | ||||||
Commercial loans |
771,013 | 782,475 | 720,623 | ||||||
Home equity loans |
225,045 | 212,064 | 151,323 | ||||||
Consumer loans |
290,258 | 340,623 | 271,212 | ||||||
Tax refund loans |
68,548 | | 52,106 | ||||||
Leases |
249,641 | 230,035 | 162,561 | ||||||
Municipal tax-exempt obligations |
17,619 | 18,135 | 13,603 | ||||||
Other loans |
11,262 | 2,820 | 8,250 | ||||||
Total loans |
4,220,555 | 4,062,294 | 3,694,167 | ||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
55,993 | 53,977 | 53,246 | ||||||
Net loans |
$ | 4,164,562 | $ | 4,008,317 | $ | 3,640,921 | |||
The loan balances at March 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2004 are net of approximately $6.5 million, $7.1 million, and $6.5 million respectively, in deferred net loan fees. The leases reported in the table above are fully-financed capital leases of commercial equipment. The Company is not in the business of automobile leasing.
Municipal tax-exempt obligations are loans to cities and special districts. These obligations are not bonded as are the municipal obligations in the securities portfolio.
Market Value Adjustment for PCCI Loans
Included in the total for loans is the market value adjustment related to the loans acquired from PCCI in the March 2004 acquisition. The amount of this adjustment was $6.4 million at the time of the acquisition. Because the amount that will be collected on these loans is not impacted by this adjustment, it must be amortized against interest income over the estimated lives of the loans so that the amount of the loans reported as outstanding at the time of payment equals the amount to be paid. Amortization expense on this adjustment through the end of the first quarter of 2005 was $324,000. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2005, for the next three years, and thereafter is as follows:
(dollars in thousands) | Year |
Amortization Expense |
|||||
Remainder of |
2005 | $ | 599 | ||||
2006 | $ | 755 | |||||
2007 | $ | 655 | |||||
2008 | $ | 571 | |||||
Thereafter | $ | 1,972 |
18
Impaired Loan Information
The following table discloses balance information about the impaired loans and the related allowance as of March 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2004:
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
March 31, 2004 | ||||||
Loans identified as impaired |
$ | 32,579 | $ | 35,966 | $ | 49,323 | |||
Impaired loans for which a valuation allowance has been established |
$ | 10,082 | $ | 7,476 | $ | 18,169 | |||
Amount of valuation allowance for impaired loans |
$ | 2,083 | $ | 4,821 | $ | 6,790 | |||
Impaired loans for which no valuation allowance has been established |
$ | 22,497 | $ | 28,490 | $ | 31,154 |
The following table discloses additional information about impaired loans for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
(dollars in thousands) | Three-month Periods Ended March 31, | |||||
2005 |
2004 | |||||
Average amount of recorded investment in impaired loans for the period |
$ | 32,574 | $ | 52,001 | ||
Interest recognized during the period for impaired loans |
$ | 131 | $ | 114 |
The valuation allowance for impaired loans of $2.1 million as of March 31, 2005 is included within the allowance for credit losses of $47.8 million in the All Other Loans column in the statement of changes in the allowance account as of March 31, 2005 shown below. The amounts related to tax refund anticipation loans and to all other loans are shown separately.
(dollars in thousands) | All Other Loans |
Tax Refund Loans |
Total |
|||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2004 |
$ | 53,977 | $ | | $ | 53,977 | ||||||
Provision for credit losses |
1,485 | 37,527 | 39,012 | |||||||||
Credit losses charged against allowance |
(9,720 | ) | (33,431 | ) | (43,151 | ) | ||||||
Recoveries added to allowance |
2,048 | 4,107 | 6,155 | |||||||||
Balance, March 31, 2005 |
$ | 47,790 | $ | 8,203 | $ | 55,993 | ||||||
Balance, December 31, 2003 |
$ | 49,550 | $ | | $ | 49,550 | ||||||
Addition from PCCI acquisition |
6,146 | | 6,146 | |||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
(1,370 | ) | 8,954 | 7,584 | ||||||||
Credit losses charged against allowance |
(5,053 | ) | (10,270 | ) | (15,323 | ) | ||||||
Recoveries added to allowance |
2,335 | 2,954 | 5,289 | |||||||||
Balance, March 31, 2004 |
$ | 51,608 | $ | 1,638 | $ | 53,246 | ||||||
6. | OTHER ASSETS |
Included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, are deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities of $18.9 million and $12.2 million, respectively. Deferred tax assets represent the tax impact of expenses recognized as tax deductible for the financial statements that have not been deducted in the Companys
19
tax returns or taxable income reported on a return that has not been recognized in the financial statements as income. Changes in the amount are primarily related to provision for credit losses expense and to changes in the unrealized gain or loss on securities. The Company cannot necessarily deduct its provision for credit losses expense in its tax return in the same year in which it is recognized for financial statements. Provision for credit losses expense is deductible for income tax purposes only as loans are actually charged-off.
7. | GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS |
The balance of goodwill at March 31, 2005 was $109.7 million, that is comprised of $79.7 million related to the PCCI March 5, 2004 acquisition and $30.0 million related to previous acquisitions as explained in Note 1. Goodwill is allocated to the unit(s) of the acquired company that are deemed by Management to have provided the value in the acquisition. PCCI was acquired primarily for the lending units. In the case of the prior purchases, the perceived value was in the deposit relationships and the consumer and small business lending. The goodwill arising from the PCCI acquisition is recorded in the Pacific Capital segment, which represents the former PCCI lending units, while the remaining goodwill is recorded on the Community Banking segment which includes the Companys deposit activities and consumer and small business lending. Goodwill is not amortized but is periodically reviewed for impairment as discussed in Note 1.
Also recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2005 is approximately $4.6 million in other intangible assets. This figure includes $1.4 million in loan servicing rights, some of which are related to the PCCI acquisition, as discussed in Note 8, Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets, and an intangible asset of $3.2 million related to both the purchase of certain of the assets and liabilities of two branches from another financial institution and to the value of core deposits acquired with PCCI. The $4.6 million is recorded in the Community Banking segment. The portion related to PCCI is being amortized over 5 years. The portion related to the two branches is also being amortized over 5 years.
Amortization expense for the remainder of 2005, over the next three years, and thereafter on this core deposit intangible and the other minor intangibles is expected to be:
(dollars in thousands) | Year |
Amortization Expense |
|||||
Remainder of |
2005 | $ | 1,227 | ||||
2006 | $ | 1,335 | |||||
2007 | $ | 454 | |||||
2008 | $ | 159 | |||||
Thereafter | $ | 9 |
8. | TRANSFERS AND SERVICING OF FINANCIAL ASSETS |
Refund Anticipation Loan Securitization
The Company established a special purpose subsidiary corporation in November 2000 named SBB&T RAL Funding Corporation. During the first quarters of 2004 and 2005 the Company sold RALs through this special purpose entity into multi-seller conduits owned by other financial institutions. The conduits are backed by commercial paper. The Company acted as the servicer for all such RALs during the securitization periods. By March 31, 2004 and 2005, all loans sold into the
20
securitization earlier in the respective quarters were either repaid or charged-off, and no securitization-related balances remain during the subsequent quarters of these years. The potential exists for subsequent recoveries on loans charged-off in the securitization. The Company believes their impact would be immaterial to the financial statements and will recognize any such recoveries along with recoveries of other charged-off loans as they are realized.
Mortgage and Other Loan Servicing Rights
The Company sells some of the residential mortgages it originates and for most of these sold loans servicing is retained. As of March 31, 2005, the Company serviced $64.9 million in residential loans for investors. The Company receives a fee for this service. The right to receive this fee for performing servicing (mortgage servicing rights or MSR) is of value to the Company and could be sold should the Company choose to do so. The rights are recorded at the net present value of the fees that will be collected, less estimated servicing cost, which approximates fair value. The capitalized fees are amortized against noninterest revenue over the expected lives of the loans. The longer the period of time over which the fees will be collected, the more valuable they are. Prepayment by the borrowers of these loans reduces the value of the MSR because the Company will not receive servicing fees for as long as it would if the loans were paid back over the original terms.
Because the rate at which consumers prepay their loans is impacted by changes in interest rates prepayments increase as rates fall, and decrease as rates rise the value of the servicing right changes with changes in interest rates. Changes in the value are reflected in the financial statements by adjustments to a valuation allowance which offsets the asset, and by changes or credits to noninterest revenue. Changes to the valuation allowance are only made to reflect impairment or increases in value up to the amount of previously recognized impairments. Adjustments have been made to the valuations allowance almost each quarter since then. The value of the MSR at March 31, 2005 was $513,000, net of an allowance of $78,000.
In connection with the March 5, 2004 PCCI acquisition, the Company obtained a non-mortgage servicing asset of $866,000. This asset was created by PCCIs sales of SBA 7(a) commercial business loans, whereby PCCI sold the guaranteed portion of such loans and retained the servicing, for which it received servicing fees. The servicing asset was recorded at the present value of the excess of the contractual fees that will be collected over the estimated cost of servicing the loans. The Company has continued this activity subsequent to the acquisition. The servicing asset is amortized against noninterest revenue over the expected lives of the underlying loans. As with servicing rights, prepayments by the borrowers on the underlying loans reduce the value of the servicing asset. The amount of the SBA 7(a) loans sold and serviced by the Company at March 31, 2005 was $48.1 million, and the amount of the unamortized servicing rights was $917,000.
The following table shows the activity in the servicing rights account and the valuation allowance. Servicing rights may be purchased from another institution that originates loans or from another entity that services loans. Aside from the rights acquired as part of the acquisition of PCCI, the Company has never purchased such rights.
21
(in thousands) | For the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, |
|||||||
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||
Servicing rights recognized |
$ | 1,789 | $ | 1,139 | ||||
Servicing rights added in Qtr, net |
320 | | ||||||
PCCI Servicing rights acquired |
| 866 | ||||||
Servicing rights amortized |
(679 | ) | (114 | ) | ||||
Servicing rights at end of period, gross |
1,430 | 1,891 | ||||||
Valuation allowance beginning of Qtr |
(111 | ) | (602 | ) | ||||
Aggregate reductions of the allowance |
33 | 326 | ||||||
Valuation allowance end of year |
(78 | ) | (276 | ) | ||||
Servicing rights at end of period, net |
$ | 1,352 | $ | 1,615 | ||||
9. | LONG-TERM DEBT, OTHER BORROWINGS, AND CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS |
Long-term debt and other borrowings and obligations include the following items:
March 31, | December 31, | |||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2005 |
2004 | ||||
Long term debt and other borrowings: |
||||||
Federal Home Loan Bank advances |
$ | 588,814 | $ | 619,143 | ||
Treasury Tax & Loan amounts due to Federal Reserve Bank |
2,918 | 14,888 | ||||
Subordinated debt issued by the Bank |
121,000 | 121,000 | ||||
Senior debt issued by the Bancorp |
37,000 | 37,000 | ||||
Subordinated debt issued by the Bancorp |
31,034 | 31,091 | ||||
Total Long term debt and other borrowings |
780,766 | 823,122 | ||||
Obligation under capital lease |
9,166 | 9,130 | ||||
Total long term debt and other borrowing and obligations under capital lease |
$ | 789,932 | $ | 832,252 | ||
As of March 31, 2005, the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances had the following maturities: $277 million in 1 year or less; $219 million in 1 to 3 years, and $93 million in more than 3 years. The senior debt is due in July 2006. Of the subordinated debt issued by the Bank, $36 million is due in July 2011, $35 million is due in December 2013, and $50 million is due in 2014. The Treasury Tax and Loan notes are due on demand.
The Subordinated debt issued by Bancorp was assumed in connection with the March 5, 2004 PCCI acquisition. This debt is owed to the three business trust subsidiaries of Bancorp that were added in the PCCI acquisition and is comprised of the following: $13,750,000 owed to PCC Trust I, $6,190,000 owed to PCC Trust II, and $10,310,000 owed to PCC Trust III. Each of the three pieces of this subordinated debt will mature in 2033, but is callable by the Company in part or in total in
22
2008. The PCC Trust I debt has a fixed interest rate of 6.335% until 2008, after which the interest rate will float and reset quarterly at the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.25%. The PCC Trust II debt has a fixed interest rate of 6.58% until 2008, after which the interest rate will float and reset quarterly at the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.15%. The PCC Trust III debt has a fixed interest rate of 6.80% until 2008, after which the interest rate will float and reset quarterly at the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.10%.
The capital lease obligation was incurred when the Company obtained the master lease on a shopping center in which one of its branch offices is located. The lease calls for monthly payments through 2038. The implied interest rate is 5.89%. The capital lease obligation is for the buildings on the property. The Company also leases the land under an operating lease. The amortization of these buildings is included with depreciation expense.
10. | OTHER POSTRETIREMENT HEALTH BENEFITS |
All eligible retirees may obtain health insurance coverage through the Companys Retiree Health Plan (the Plan). The coverage is provided through the basic coverage plan provided for current employees. Based on a formula involving date of retirement, age at retirement, and years of service prior to retirement, the Plan provides that the Company will pay a portion of the health insurance premium for the retiree. Though the premiums for a retirees health coverage are not paid until after the employee retires, the Company is required to recognize the cost of those benefits as they are earned rather than when paid. The Plan is described in detail in Note 14 to the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2004 10-K.
The commitment the Company has made to provide these benefits results in an obligation that must be recognized in the financial statements. This obligation, termed the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO), is the actuarial net present value of the obligation for: (1) already retired employees expected postretirement benefits; and (2) the portion of the expected postretirement benefit obligation earned to date by current employees. The net present value is that amount which if compounded at an assumed interest rate would equal the amount expected to be paid in the future.
The increase in the APBO for the benefits being earned each year, is recognized through a charge to income called the Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (the NPPBC). The various components of the NPPBC are explained in the 2004 10-K.
The amount of NPPBC recognized in the three-month periods ending March 31, 2005 and 2004 are disclosed in the following table.
For the Three Month Periods Ended March 31, |
||||||||
(dollars in thousands) |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||
Service cost |
$ | 433 | $ | 366 | ||||
Interest cost |
228 | 199 | ||||||
Return on assets |
(137 | ) | (97 | ) | ||||
Recognized gains or (losses) |
74 | 83 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 598 | $ | 551 | ||||
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11. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
Legal Matters
The Company has been a defendant in a class action lawsuit brought on behalf of persons who entered into a refund anticipation loan application and agreement (the RAL Agreement) with the Company from whose tax refund the Company deducted a debt owed by the applicant to another RAL lender. The lawsuit was filed on March 18, 2003, in the Superior Court in San Francisco, California as Canleva Hood and Congress of California Seniors v. Santa Barbara Bank & Trust, Pacific Capital Bank, N.A. and Jackson-Hewitt, Inc. The Company is a party to a separate cross-collection agreement with each of the other RAL lenders by which it agrees to collect sums due to those other lenders on delinquent RALs by deducting those sums from tax refunds due to its RAL customers and remitting those funds to the RAL lender to whom the debt is owned. This cross-collection procedure is disclosed in the RAL Agreement with the RAL customer and is specifically authorized and agreed to by the customer. The plaintiff does not contest the validity of the debt, but contends that the cross-collection is illegal and requests damages on behalf of the class, injunctive relief against the Company, restitution of sums collected, punitive damages and attorneys fees. Venue for this suit was changed to Santa Barbara. On May 4, 2005, a superior court judge in Santa Barbara granted a motion filed by the Company and the other RAL lenders which will result in a judgment in favor of the Company dismissing the suit. The Company expects that the plaintiffs will appeal, but continues to believe that there is no merit to the claims made in this action and intends to vigorously defend itself during any appellate process.
The Company is a defendant in a class action lawsuit brought on behalf of persons who entered into a refund transfer application and agreement (the RT Agreement) with the Company from whose tax refund the Company deducted a debt owed by the applicant to another RAL lender. The lawsuit was filed on May 13, 2003 in the Superior Court in San Francisco, California as Alana Clark, Judith Silverstine, and David Shelton v. Santa Barbara Bank & Trust. The cross-collection procedures mentioned in the description above of the Hood case is also disclosed in the RT Agreement with each RT customer and is specifically authorized and agreed to by the customers. The plaintiffs do not contest the validity of the debt, but contend that the cross-collection is illegal and request damages on behalf of the class, injunctive relief against the Company, restitution of sums collected, punitive damages and attorneys fees. The Company filed a motion for a change in venue from San Francisco to Santa Barbara. The plaintiffs legal counsel stipulated to the change in venue. Thereafter, the plaintiffs have dismissed the complaint without prejudice. The plaintiffs have filed a new complaint in San Francisco limited to a single cause of action alleging a violation of the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act. The Company believes that there is no merit to the claims made in this action and intends to vigorously defend itself.
The Company is a defendant in a class action law suit brought on behalf of residents of the State of New York who engaged Jackson Hewitt, Inc (JHI) to provide tax preparation services and who through JHI entered into an agreement with the Company to receive a RAL. JHI is also a defendant. The lawsuit was filed on June 18, 2004, in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York as Myron Benton v. Jackson Hewitt, Inc. and Santa Barbara Bank & Trust Co. As part of the RAL documentation, the customer receives and signs a disclosure form which discloses that the Company may share a portion of the federal refund processing fee and finance charge with JHI. The plaintiffs allege that the failure of JHI and the Company to disclose the specific amount of the fee which JHI receives is unlawful and request damages on behalf of the class, injunctive relief, punitive damages and attorneys fees. The Company believes that there is no merit to the claims made in this action and intends to vigorously defend itself.
The Company is involved in various litigation of a routine nature which is being handled and defended in the ordinary course of the Companys business. Expenses are being incurred in connection with defending the Company, but in the opinion of Management, based in part on consultation with legal counsel, the resolution of this litigation will not have a material impact on the Companys financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Securities and Loans Pledged as Collateral
Securities totaling approximately $1.33 billion and $1.37 billion at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, trust deposits, bankruptcy deposits, treasury tax and loan deposits, FHLB advances, customer repurchase agreements, and other borrowings as required or permitted by law.
Loans secured by first trust deeds on residential and commercial property of $840.1 million and $792.6 million at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB as security for borrowings.
24
Letters of Credit and Other Contractual Commitments
In order to meet the financing needs of its customers in the normal course of business, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments consist of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of material covenants indicating economic deterioration inconsistent with further lending. The Company sometimes charges fees in connection with loan commitments. Standby letters of credit are irrevocable commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance or support the debt of a customer to a third party. The Company charges a fee for these letters of credit.
The standby letters of credit involve, to varying degrees, exposure to credit risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. This risk arises from the possibility of the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of a contract or to pay contracted amounts to the third party. In such a situation the third party might draw on the standby letter of credit to pay for completion of the contract or the payment of the contracted amount and the Company would have to look to its customer to repay these funds to the Company with interest. To minimize the risk, the Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it would for a loan to that customer. The decision as to whether collateral should be required is based on the circumstances of each specific commitment or conditional obligation. Because of these practices, Management does not anticipate that any unplanned for and unprovided for losses will arise from such draws, unless there are significant changes in the financial condition of the customers since the evaluation of the condition was performed by the Bank.
Changes in market rates of interest for commitments and undisbursed loans which have fixed rates of interest represent a possible cause of loss because of the contractual requirement to lend money at a rate that is no longer as great as the market rate at the time the loan is funded. To minimize this risk, if rates are quoted in a commitment, they are generally stated in relation to the Companys prime or base lending rate, or to another external index. These rates and indices vary with prevailing market interest rates. Fixed-rate loan commitments are not usually made for more than three months.
Consumer lines of credit consist primarily of home equity lines of credit and overdraft protection lines.
The maximum non-discounted exposure to credit risk is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. The majority of the commitments are for one year or less. The majority of the credit lines and commitments may be with-drawn by the Company subject to applicable legal requirements. As of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the contractual notional amounts and the maturity of these instruments are as follows:
As of March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Less than one year |
One to three years |
Three to five years |
More than five years |
Total |
As of December 31, 2004 | ||||||||||||
Commercial lines of credit |
$ | 305,265 | $ | 84,606 | $ | 43,498 | $ | 67,477 | $ | 500,846 | $ | 485,374 | ||||||
Consumer lines of credit |
3,381 | 6,213 | 8,718 | 245,245 | 263,557 | 247,783 | ||||||||||||
Standby letters of credit |
57,034 | 21,934 | 11,245 | 12,155 | 102,368 | 102,631 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 365,680 | $ | 112,753 | $ | 63,461 | $ | 324,877 | $ | 866,771 | $ | 835,788 | ||||||
The Company anticipates that a majority of the above commitments will not be fully drawn on by customers. Consumers do not tend to borrow the maximum amounts available under their home equity lines (the Company does not make credit card loans) and businesses typically arrange for credit lines in excess of their expected needs to handle contingencies.
The Company has established a liability for estimated credit losses on letters of credit and other credit commitments. In accordance with GAAP, this liability is not included as part of the allowance for credit loss reported on the consolidated balance sheets for outstanding loans. Instead, the liability is included in other liabilities. The expense to establish and maintain this liability is included in other expense rather than in provision for credit loss. The balance of the liability at March 31, 2005 was $1.3 million.
25
The following table shows the activity in this reserve account for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
Three months ended March 31, | ||||||
2005 |
2004 | |||||
Beginning estimate |
$ | 1,232 | $ | 3,942 | ||
Additions and other changes |
75 | 109 | ||||
Funded and written-off |
| | ||||
Ending estimate |
$ | 1,307 | $ | 4,051 | ||
Other Contractual Obligations
The following table discloses cash amounts contractually due from the Company under specific categories of obligations as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004:
As of March 31, 2005 |
As of December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Less than one year |
One to three years |
Three to five years |
More than five years |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Deposits * |
$ | 4,172,912 | $ | 295,579 | $ | 88,211 | $ | 1,314 | $ | 4,558,016 | $ | 4,512,290 | ||||||
Borrowings |
569,250 | 275,799 | 124,310 | 65,000 | 1,034,359 | 1,011,293 | ||||||||||||
Purchase obligations |
4,568 | | | | 4,568 | 2,983 | ||||||||||||
Non-cancelable leases |
10,030 | 17,289 | 11,041 | 9,864 | 48,224 | 45,426 | ||||||||||||
Capital leases |
344 | 687 | 824 | 25,055 | 26,910 | 26,995 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 4,757,104 | $ | 589,354 | $ | 224,386 | $ | 101,233 | $ | 5,672,077 | $ | 5,598,987 | ||||||
* | Only certificates of deposit have a specified maturity. The balances of other deposit accounts are assigned to the less than one year time range although depositors tend to keep their money on deposit with the Company for extended periods. |
Non-cancelable leases: The Company leases most of its office locations and substantially all of these office leases contain multiple five-year renewal options and provisions for increased rentals, principally for property taxes and maintenance. As of March 31, 2005, the minimum rentals under non-cancelable leases for the next five years and thereafter are shown in the above table. Contractual obligations of sub-tenants have not been netted against the amounts in the above table for minimum rentals. Sub-tenants leasing space from the Company are contractually obligated to the Company for approximately $2.5 million. Approximately 52% of these payments are due to the Company over the next three years.
The capital lease obligation is explained in Note 9.
12. | DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS |
The Company had no swaps in place at the end of the first quarter of 2005 for managing its own interest rate risk.
The Company has entered into interest rate swaps and foreign exchange transactions with some of its customers to assist them in managing their interest rate and foreign currency risks. As of March 31, 2005, these swaps had a notional amount of $54.0 million and a fair value of $725,000. To avoid increasing its own interest rate or foreign exchange risk from entering into these swap agreements, the Company has entered into offsetting swap agreements with other larger financial institutions that cover most of these customer swaps. These covering swaps had a notional value of $51.6 million and a fair value of $635,000. The effect of the offsetting swaps to the Company is to neutralize its interest rate and currency risk positions. The Company generally earns a spread to compensate it for its services. Credit risk is also associated with these swaps in that a counterparty, either the Companys customer or the other financial institution, may default on its obligation.
13. | DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
GAAP requires companies to disclose the fair value of those financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate those fair values. This must be done irrespective of whether or not the instruments are recognized on the balance sheets of the Company. There are uncertainties inherent in the process of estimating the fair value of certain financial instruments.
26
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The face value of cash, Federal funds sold, and securities purchased under agreements to resell are their fair value.
Securities
For securities, fair value equals quoted market price, if available. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities. As explained in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, all of the Companys securities are classified as available-for-sale and are therefore carried at fair value. Consequently, the carrying amount is equal to the fair value in the table below.
Loans
The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. These contractual cash flows are adjusted to reflect estimates of uncollectible amounts.
Deposit Liabilities
The fair value of demand deposits, money market accounts, and savings accounts is the amount payable on demand as of the period end. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The Company must exclude from its estimate of the fair value of deposit liabilities any consideration of its on-going customer relationships which provide stable sources of investable funds.
Repurchase Agreements, Federal Funds Purchased, and Other Borrowings
For short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of their fair value. For FHLB advances, the fair value is estimated by discounting the required debt payments using rates currently quoted by the FHLB for advances of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of the senior and subordinated notes and the capital lease obligation is estimated by discounting the required debt payments using approximately the same spread to the rates current in the market for U.S. Treasury securities of comparable maturity as was present when the notes were issued and the obligation incurred.
Derivatives
Fair values for derivative financial instruments are based on quotes received from other financial institutions for the cost of or the benefit from settling the contract.
Financial Guarantees and Commitments
The fair value of guarantees and letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements. The Company does not believe that its loan commitments have a fair value within the context of this note because generally fees have not been charged, the use of the commitment is at the option of the potential borrower, and the commitments are being written at rates comparable to current market rates.
Fair values for off-balance-sheet, credit related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties credit standing.
27
The fair value of the financial guarantees, commitments and other off-balance-sheet instruments are immaterial.
The carrying amount and estimated fair values of the Companys financial instruments as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, are as follows:
As of March 31, 2005 |
As of December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Carrying Amount |
Fair Value |
Carrying Amount |
Fair Value | ||||||||
Financial assets: |
||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks |
$ | 146,360 | $ | 146,360 | $ | 133,116 | $ | 133,116 | ||||
Federal funds sold |
| | | | ||||||||
Securities available-for-sale |
1,460,050 | 1,460,050 | 1,524,874 | 1,524,874 | ||||||||
Net loans |
4,164,562 | 4,151,840 | 4,008,317 | 3,969,200 | ||||||||
Mortgage servicing rights |
1,352 | 1,352 | 1,679 | 1,679 | ||||||||
Derivatives |
635 | 635 | 501 | 501 | ||||||||
Total financial assets |
5,772,959 | 5,760,237 | 5,668,487 | 5,629,370 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Deposits |
4,558,016 | 4,546,610 | 4,512,290 | 4,508,135 | ||||||||
Long-term debt, FHLB advances, and capital lease obligations |
787,014 | 786,134 | 817,364 | 807,081 | ||||||||
Repurchase agreements, |
||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased, and |
||||||||||||
Treasury, Tax & Loan |
247,345 | 247,251 | 193,929 | 193,927 | ||||||||
Derivatives |
635 | 635 | 531 | 531 | ||||||||
Total financial liabilities |
5,593,010 | 5,580,630 | 5,524,114 | 5,509,674 | ||||||||
Net financial assets |
$ | 179,949 | $ | 179,607 | $ | 144,373 | $ | 119,696 | ||||
14. | SEGMENT DISCLOSURE |
The following table presents information for each segment regarding assets, profit or loss, and specific items of revenue and expense that are included in that measure of segment profit or loss as reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. Information regarding how the Company determines its segments is provided in Note 26, Segment Reporting, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Companys 2004 10-K.
In connection with the March 5, 2004 PCCI acquisition, the operations of the three branches acquired were included in the Community Banking segment along with the other branch activities of the Company. The operations of PCCIs commercial real estate and SBA lending areas report to the former CEO of PCCI, who now reports to the CEO of the Company and, consequently, they have been identified as a reportable segment.
28
(dollars in thousands) | Community Banking |
Commercial Banking |
Refund Programs |
Fiduciary |
Pacific Capital * |
All Other |
Total | |||||||||||||||
Three months ended March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues from external customers |
$ | 35,987 | $ | 27,611 | $ | 113,842 | $ | 4,394 | $ | 8,525 | $ | 21,657 | $ | 212,016 | ||||||||
Intersegment revenues |
31,218 | | 5,627 | 417 | | 11,301 | 48,563 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 67,205 | $ | 27,611 | $ | 119,469 | $ | 4,811 | $ | 8,525 | $ | 32,958 | $ | 260,579 | ||||||||
Profit (Loss) |
$ | 30,111 | $ | 15,603 | $ | 68,244 | $ | 3,110 | $ | 3,202 | $ | (23,656 | ) | $ | 96,613 | |||||||
Interest income |
28,982 | 27,146 | 62,375 | | 7,636 | 20,719 | 146,858 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
10,176 | | 1,884 | 226 | 4 | 10,593 | 22,883 | |||||||||||||||
Internal charge for funds |
14,618 | 10,149 | 2,855 | 3 | 3,251 | 17,688 | 48,563 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation |
1,151 | 34 | 192 | 16 | 33 | 1,304 | 2,730 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
1,881,954 | 1,728,464 | 416,115 | 10,768 | 257,242 | 1,887,284 | 6,181,827 | |||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
| | | | | 5,834 | 5,834 | |||||||||||||||
Community Banking |
Commercial Banking |
Refund Programs |
Fiduciary |
Pacific Capital * |
All Other |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
Three months ended March 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues from external customers |
$ | 31,174 | $ | 24,597 | $ | 58,670 | $ | 4,121 | $ | 2,212 | $ | 18,219 | $ | 138,993 | ||||||||
Intersegment revenues |
19,055 | | 3,823 | 350 | | 1,398 | 24,626 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 50,229 | $ | 24,597 | $ | 62,493 | $ | 4,471 | $ | 2,212 | $ | 19,617 | $ | 163,619 | ||||||||
Profit (Loss) |
$ | 23,255 | $ | 17,230 | $ | 45,249 | $ | 2,795 | $ | 359 | $ | (19,492 | ) | $ | 69,396 | |||||||
Interest income |
24,255 | 22,993 | 35,094 | | 2,187 | 17,843 | 102,372 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
7,279 | | 735 | 72 | 422 | 6,389 | 14,897 | |||||||||||||||
Internal charge for funds |
6,977 | 5,218 | | | 1,414 | 11,018 | 24,626 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation |
815 | 38 | 135 | 20 | 5 | 1,263 | 2,276 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
1,585,304 | 1,607,233 | 344,064 | 1,288 | 284,335 | 1,807,451 | 5,629,675 | |||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
| | | | | 4,367 | 4,367 |
* | As explained in the text, this segment represents the lending areas for the former PCCI, not Pacific Capital Bancorp, the holding company. |
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The following table reconciles total revenues and profit for the segments to total revenues and pre-tax income, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004.
(dollars in thousands) | Three months ended March 31, |
|||||||
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||
Total revenues for reportable segments |
$ | 260,579 | $ | 163,619 | ||||
Elimination of intersegment revenues |
(48,563 | ) | (24,626 | ) | ||||
Elimination of taxable equivalent adjustment |
(1,592 | ) | (1,607 | ) | ||||
Total consolidated revenues |
$ | 210,424 | $ | 137,386 | ||||
Total profit or loss for reportable segments |
$ | 96,613 | $ | 69,396 | ||||
Elimination of taxable equivalent adjustment |
(1,592 | ) | (1,607 | ) | ||||
Income before income taxes |
$ | 95,021 | $ | 67,789 | ||||
As a fiscal intermediary, a large proportion of the Companys business consists of borrowing from some customers depositors and other financial institutions or bankers and lending the funds to other customers borrowers and securities issuers. The interest expense paid on the borrowings is charged to the segment that does the borrowing Community Banking for deposits and Treasury (in All Other) for non-deposit borrowing. The interest earned on loans and securities is credited to the segments that do the lending or investing Community Banking, Commercial Banking, and Pacific Capital for loans and Treasury for investments.
Transfer pricing is the process of crediting or charging segments for the benefits they provide to or receive from other segments. The Company does not attempt to transfer price services provided from one segment to another in determining each segments profit or loss, e.g. there is no allocation of administration overhead to the operating units, but the Company does transfer price funds provided or used.
Intersegment revenues consist of transfer pricing for the funds provided by the Community Banking, Refund Programs, and Fiduciary segments, and through the borrowings incurred by the Companys Treasury department included in All Other. Internal charges for funds consist of the transfer pricing for the funds used for lending activities by Community Banking and Commercial Banking and for the purchases of investments by the Treasury department. The totals for intersegment revenues and charges for funds will equal each other because the Companys Treasury unit acts as the net seller or buyer of funds and hence receives the difference between intersegment revenues earned by the other units and charges for funds assessed against the other units. Charges for funds to the lending and Treasury units are reduced because a portion of each segments assets are assumed to be funded by capital rather than borrowed funds. A charge for capital is not included in the pre-tax profitability for each segment.
Intersegment revenues and internal charges for funds will generally be higher when interest rates are higher and lower when rates are low. Short-term interest rates were generally higher in the three-month period ended March 31, 2005 than in the corresponding period of 2004. The commercial loans in the Commercial Banking segment usually have short maturities or reprice frequently and therefore this segment is charged for funds by reference to the short-term rates. Intermediate-term rates were also generally higher than the first quarter of 2004. The consumer and small business loans in the Community Banking segment are usually fixed or have infrequent repricings and therefore this segment is charged for funds by reference to intermediate-term rates. As indicated above, the Companys Treasury unit functions as a money center balancing the funding uses and sources. The changes in its intersegment revenues and charges for funds from one year to the next are primarily the result of changes in the relative amounts used and provided by the other segments.
The Company records provision expense for all loans other than RALs in its Credit Administration Department which is included in the All Other segment.
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Item 2. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
GAAP AND NON-GAAP MEASURES
In various sections of this discussion and analysis, attention is called to the significant impacts on the Companys balance sheet and year to date income statement caused by its tax refund anticipation loans (RAL) and refund transfer (RT) programs. Because they relate to the filing of individual tax returns, these activities of these programs occur primarily during the first and second quarters of each year. The results of operations and actions taken by the Company to manage these programs are discussed in the section below titled Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer Programs. Included in the discussion is a summary statement of the results of operations for the programs. These programs comprise one of the Companys operating segments for purposes of segment reporting in Note 14, Segment Disclosure, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As such, Management believes that separately reporting operating results for the programs is consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP).
Management computes a number of amounts and ratios exclusive of the balances and operating results of these programs for two reasons. First, because there are only two other financial institutions with nationwide refund programs of similar size to those of the Company, excluding the balances and results of operations exclusive of these programs allows Management to compare the results of the Companys traditional banking operations with the results of other financial institutions. Second, because of the high degree of seasonality in these programs, a disproportionate amount of earnings occurs in the first quarter of each year. The Company currently expects approximately 50-55% of its 2005 net income to have been earned in the first quarter. Computing results of operations without these programs allows Management to better identify quarter-to-quarter trends in performance, which are masked by the consolidated figures.
For the last several years, the Companys Management has conducted conference calls with analysts and investors in connection with its quarterly earnings releases. During these calls, investors and analysts have expressed through their questions an interest in knowing certain balances and the usual performance ratios for the Company exclusive of the RAL and RT programs. The Companys Management believes analysts and investors request this information for the same reason that Management uses it internally, namely to provide more comparability with virtually all of the rest of the Companys peers that do not operate such programs, and to be better able to evaluate performance over sequential quarters. Consequently, the Company has provided these amounts and ratios both with and without the balances and results of the RAL and RT programs in its press releases and in its periodic quarterly and annual reports on Forms 10-Q and 10-K, respectively.
While Management provides these amounts and ratios both with and without the balances and results of the RAL and RT programs, it stresses that both shareholders and potential investors should pay attention primarily to the GAAP results that include the operating results of the RAL and RT programs.
Note E to this discussion includes several tables that provide reconciliations for all numbers and ratios reported in this discussion exclusive of the RAL/RT balances or results to the same numbers and ratios for the Company as a whole reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The tables provide the consolidated numbers or ratios, the RAL/RT adjustment, and the numbers or ratios exclusive of the RAL/RT adjustment. Notes designated by a letter are found at the end of this analysis and discussion. Notes designated by a number are notes to the financial statements that precede this discussion and analysis.
In addition to the non-GAAP measures computed related to the Companys balances and results exclusive of its RAL and RT programs, this filing contains other financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Management uses these non-GAAP measures in their analysis of the business and its performance. In particular, net interest income, net interest margin and operating efficiency are calculated on a fully tax-equivalent basis (FTE).
The use of FTE measurement is a common practice in banking and Management believes that the measures calculated on an FTE basis provide a useful picture of net interest income, net interest margin and operating efficiency for comparative purposes. Net interest income and net interest margin on an FTE basis is determined by adjusting net interest income to reflect tax-exempt interest income on an equivalent before-tax basis. The efficiency ratio also uses net interest income on an FTE basis. The FTE calculation is explained in Note B and reconciliations of amounts with and without the FTE adjustment are found in Table 23 in Note E. Net interest income as reported on the Companys Consolidated Income Statement in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not reported on an FTE basis.
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SUMMARY RESULTS
Pacific Capital Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiaries (together referred to as the Company) earned $59.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2005, compared to $42.6 million in the first quarter last year, an increase of $16.8 million, or 39%. Diluted earnings per share for the first quarter of 2005 were $1.29 compared to $0.93 earned in the first quarter of 2004.
Compared to the first quarter of 2004, net interest income (the difference between interest income and interest expense) for the first quarter of 2005 increased by $36.5 million, or 42.5%. Total interest income increased by $44.5 million, or 44.2%, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $8.0 million, or 53.6%. In general, balances of both earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities increased while rates earned and paid were the same or higher compared to the first quarter of 2004. Interest on loans increased $42.4 million, or 48.9%, while interest on securities increased $2.4 million, or 17.2%. The Federal Open Market Committees (FOMC) increased the Target Federal funds rate by 25 basis points five times in 2004 subsequent to the end of the first quarter and two more times during the first quarter of 2005. These rate increases were a factor along with the growth in earning assets in generating the increase in net interest income.
Average interest earning assets for the first quarter of 2005 increased by $933 million, or 18.0%, over the same period in 2004. This was comprised of an increase in average loans of $912 million, or 24.6%, as well as an increase in average securities of $159 million, or 12.1%.
The increase in interest expense was comprised of an increase in interest on borrowed funds of $2.4 million, or 44.0%, plus an increase in interest on deposits of $4.8 million, or 52.9%. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $712 million, or 18.1%, during the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same period in 2004. This was comprised of an increase in average deposits of $421 million, or 13.5%, as well as an increase in average borrowed funds of $292 million, or 36.1%.
The addition of loans, securities and deposits from the acquisition of Pacific Crest Capital, Inc. (PCCI) accounts for some of the growth in the average balances cited above because they were included in the average balances for the Company for only a portion of the first quarter of 2004.
Provision for credit losses expense for loans other than RALs increased from a negative $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2004 to $1.5 million in the first quarter of 2005. Provision expense for RALs was $9.0 million for the first quarter of 2004 and $37.5 million for the first quarter of 2005. The provision expense for non-RAL loans for both quarters was impacted by several factors as explained in the discussion of credit quality below. As explained in the section titled, Refund Loan and Refund Transfer Programs, there was a large increase in the provision for credit losses from RALs for the first quarter of 2005.
Noninterest revenue increased $28.8 million, or 78.4%, in the first quarter of 2005 over the same quarter of 2004. Operating expense increased by $6.4 million, or 13.6%, during the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same quarter of 2004. Much of this increase is due to the addition of the operating expenses of PCCI. An explanation of these changes is presented later in this discussion in the sections below titled Noninterest Revenue and Operating Expense, respectively.
TABLE 1PERFORMANCE RATIOS (Note A)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||
Consolidated |
Excluding RALs/RTs |
Consolidated |
Excluding RALs/RTs |
|||||||||
Return on average assets |
3.69 | % | 1.56 | % | 3.09 | % | 1.54 | % | ||||
Return on average equity |
50.78 | % | 25.39 | % | 42.15 | % | 21.89 | % | ||||
Operating efficiency |
28.27 | % | 57.64 | % | 37.95 | % | 59.73 | % | ||||
Net interest margin |
8.20 | % | 4.67 | % | 6.77 | % | 4.63 | % |
In 2005, the Companys return on average assets (ROA) for the first quarter was 3.69%, compared to 3.09% for the same quarter of 2004, and the return on average equity (ROE) was 50.78%, compared to 42.15%. These annualized ratios can be significantly impacted by the highly seasonal tax refund programs. Exclusive of the impact of RAL/RT programs in both periods, the ROA was 1.56% for the first quarter of 2005, compared to 1.54% for the same period in 2004.
The operating efficiency ratio measures what proportion of a dollar of operating income it takes to earn that dollar. The decrease in the operating efficiency ratio to 28.27% for the first quarter of 2005 from 37.95% for the same quarter in 2004 is
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also primarily attributable to the contractual change in the RAL program described in the section below titled Refund Loan and Transfer Programs. Exclusive of the impacts of the RAL/RT programs, the operating efficiency ratio improved from 59.73% in the first quarter of 2004 to 57.64% in the same quarter of 2005.
The net interest margin, exclusive of the impact of RAL/RT programs, was slightly higher in the first quarter of 2005 compared to the margin in the first quarter of 2004, 4.67% vs. 4.63%. The additional securities purchased in 2004 discussed in the section entitled, Securities below lowered the margin while increasing net interest income. The FOMC rate increases in general benefited the margin as interest rates on loans increased more than on deposits and other liabilities. The low interest rate environment had tended to cause a lower net interest margin because the rates paid on deposits could not be decreased at the same rate that interest rates the Company charges on loans were decreased. With interest rates now rising, the Companys loans are starting to reprice to higher rates rather than to lower rates as had been the case for the last several years, but there has not yet been much competitive pressure to raise deposit rates. This is expected to change in the next few quarters.
BUSINESS
The Company is a bank holding company. All references to the Company apply to Pacific Capital Bancorp and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Bancorp will be used to refer to the parent company only. The Bank refers to the Companys primary subsidiary, Pacific Capital Bank, N.A. The Bank uses five brand names in different geographic areas. The Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve System. The Bank offers a full range of retail and commercial banking services. These include commercial, real estate, and consumer loans, a wide variety of deposit products, and full trust services.
Bancorp has seven other subsidiaries. PCB Services Corporation has only insignificant activities and Pacific Capital Services Corporation is an inactive corporation. SBB&T Automobile Loan Securitization Corporation was used for an automobile loan securitization that ended in the second quarter of 2004 and is also now inactive. SBB&T RAL Funding Corporation is used in the RAL securitization that is described in Note 8, Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
On March 5, 2004, the Company acquired PCCI and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Pacific Crest Bank, Pacific Crest Capital Trust I (PCC Trust I), Pacific Crest Capital Trust II (PCC Trust II), and Pacific Crest Capital Trust III (PCC Trust III). PCCI was merged into Bancorp, while Pacific Crest Bank was merged into the Bank. PCC Trust I, PCC Trust II, and PCC Trust III had been created by PCCI for the exclusive purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. These last three entities will remain subsidiaries of Bancorp but are not consolidated in the financial statements of the Company (see the discussion in Variable Interest Entities in Note 1).
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including this discussion and analysis, contains forward-looking statements with respect to the financial condition, results of operation and business of the Company that are based on Managements beliefs as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Companys management. These include statements that relate to or are dependent on estimates or assumptions relating to the prospects of continued loan and deposit growth, improved credit quality, the trend and intensity of changes in interest rates, and the operating characteristics of the Companys income tax refund programs. The subjects of these forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Companys control. Such statements are intended to be covered by the safe-harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and this statement is being included for the purpose of invoking these safe-harbor provisions. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include, among others, the following possibilities: (1) increased competitive pressure among financial services companies; (2) changes in the interest rate environment reducing interest margins or increasing interest rate risk; (3) deterioration in general economic conditions, internationally, nationally or in the State of California; (4) reduced demand for or earnings derived from the Companys income tax refund loan and refund transfer programs; (5) judicial, legislative or regulatory changes adversely affecting the business in which the Company engages; (6) the occurrence of future events such as the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001 or consequences of U.S. military involvement in the Middle East; (7) difficulties integrating acquired operations; (8) implementation risk relating to a new computer system mentioned in the section titled Operating Expense; and (9) other risks detailed in the 2004 10-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does
33
not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A number of critical accounting policies are used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements which this discussion accompanies.
The Use of Estimates
The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires Management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of reported assets and liabilities as well as contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of these financial statements. These estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period(s). Although Management believes these estimates and assumptions to be reasonably accurate, actual results may differ.
The principal areas in which estimates are used are as follows:
Allowance for credit losses: An estimate of the amount of the probable losses incurred in the Companys loan portfolio is used in determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses and therefore the periodic charge to income for the provision for credit losses expense. A description of the method of developing the estimate is described in the section below titled Credit Quality and the Allowance for Credit Losses and in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in the Companys 2004 10-K. If the actual losses incurred in fact materially exceed the estimate of probable losses developed by Management, then the allowance for credit losses will have been understated and the Company will have to record additional provision expense in future periods as the actual amount of losses are recognized. If the losses currently in the portfolio are subsequently determined to be materially less than the estimate, then the Company will reverse the excess allowance through provision expense in future periods.
Events or circumstances that can cause this estimate of losses to be substantially different than eventually occur are primarily a lack of sufficient information about borrowers current financial condition or as such financial condition may change over time. This occurs because the borrower does not provide the information on a timely basis or because it is incomplete or inaccurate.
In addition to the estimation of probable losses developed for loans other than RALs, the Company also develops an estimate of losses for RALs outstanding at March 31. A description of the method used in developing the estimate is described in the section below titled Refund Loan and Transfer Programs.
Realizability of deferred tax assets: The Companys deferred tax assets are explained in the section below titled Income Tax and in Note 15, Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in the Companys 2004 10-K. The Company uses an estimate of future earnings to support its position that the benefit of its deferred tax assets will be realized. If future pre-tax income should prove non-existent or less than the amount of the temporary differences giving rise to the deferred tax assets within the tax years to which they may be applied, the assets will not be realized and the Companys net income will be reduced.
Actuarial estimates used in retiree health plan: The Company uses certain estimates regarding its employees to determine its liability for post retirement health benefits. These estimates include life expectancy, length of time before retirement, and future rates of growth of medical costs. Should these estimates prove materially wrong such that the liability is understated, the Company will either incur more expense to provide the benefits or it will need to amend the plan to limit benefits to the Company.
Prepayment assumptions used in determining the amortization of premium and discount for securities: Approximately two thirds of the Companys investment securities are mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities. Prepayment of principal by borrowers on the underlying loans results in faster return of principal for the securities. The rate at which prepayments are expected to occur in future periods impacts the amount of premium to be amortized in the current period. If prepayments in a future period are higher than estimated, then the Company will need to amortize a larger amount of premium in that future period, such that the total premium amortized to date as of the end of that future period will equal the amount that would have
34
been amortized had the higher prepayment rate been experienced during all past periods over which the security was held. If future prepayments are less than estimated, then less premium will be amortized in the future period to similarly result in an amount of premium amortization life-to-date as if the lower rate of prepayments had been experienced from the purchase of the security.
Estimates of the fair value of assets: Certain assets of the Company are recorded at fair value, or the lower of cost or fair value. In some cases, the fair value used is an estimate. Included among these assets are securities that are classified as available for sale, goodwill and other intangible assets, and other real estate owned and impaired loans. These estimates may change from period to period as they are impacted by changes in interest rates and other market conditions. Losses not anticipated or greater than anticipated could result if the Company were forced to sell one of these assets and discovered that its estimate of fair value had been too high. Gains not anticipated or greater than anticipated could result if the Company were to sell one of these assets and discovered that its estimate of fair value had been too low. Estimates of fair value are arrived at as follows:
Assumptions regarding mortgage and other servicing rights: For the Company, mortgage and other servicing rights arise from the sale of loans. There is a secondary market for servicing rights wherein a financial institution may purchase the right to service loans for and receive a fee from the holder of the loans. The market value for such servicing is based on the coupon rates, maturity, and prepayment rates experienced for the loans being serviced as well as on the fees received. The value of the servicing rights recorded by the Company at the time of the sale is based on Managements best estimate of the market value of servicing rights for similar pools of loans. If the Company overestimates the value of the servicing rights, it will recognize too large a gain at the time of sale and will hold an asset against which a charge to earnings will later have to be taken. If the Company underestimates the value of the servicing rights, it will have recognized too small a gain and will later recognize income from the servicing that should have been recognized in the period in which the loans were sold.
Available-for-sale securities: The fair values of most securities classified as available-for-sale are based on quoted market prices. These quoted market prices are derived from two independent sources and compared for consistency. If the two sources differ significantly, or if quoted market prices are not available, alternative methods are used, which include seeking bids from brokers on a representative security or extrapolating the value from the quoted prices of similar instruments. The Company also uses estimates of the future rate of prepayments on the loans underlying the various mortgage-backed securities to determine the expected life of that security. That estimated life then determines the rate of amortization or accretion to recognize against the premium or discount of those instruments.
Goodwill and other intangible assets: As discussed in Note 7, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company must assess goodwill and other intangible assets each year for impairment. This assessment involves estimating cash flows for future periods, preparing analyses of market multiples for similar operations, and estimating the fair values of the reporting unit to which the goodwill is allocated. If the future cash flows were materially less than the estimates, the Company would be required to take a charge against earnings to write down the asset to the lower fair value.
Other real estate owned and impaired loans: The fair value of other real estate owned or collateral supporting impaired loans is generally determined from appraisals obtained from independent appraisers. The Company also must estimate the costs to dispose of the property. This is generally done based on experience with similar properties. When determining the valuation allowance for impaired loans, the Company may use the discounted cash flow method which may include estimates of borrower revenue, expenses, capital expenditures and disposals of capital assets, along with estimates of future economic conditions including forecasts of interest rates and other economic factors which Management believes would impact estimated future customer cash flows.
Estimates relating to self-insurance from workers compensation: The Company self-insures for a portion of its workers compensation exposure. Because not all injuries are immediately reported to the Company, it must accrue an estimate of the claims loss for injuries that have occurred but not been reported. The estimate is based on actuarial data provided by the insurance company that covers the Company for large claims above the Companys self-insured amount. If the Company underestimates the cost of unreported claims, it will need to recognize an expense for these claims in subsequent periods. If the estimate is too large, the Company will report a reduction in expense in subsequent years for the excess.
Income tax estimates: With each period end, it is necessary for Management to make certain estimates and assumptions to compute the provision for income tax. Management uses the best information available to develop these estimates and assumptions, but generally some of these estimates and assumptions are revised when the Company files its tax return in the middle of the following year. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, revisions to estimates are
35
recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the period in which they become known. Among the estimates are estimates of the years pre-tax income and permanent differences. These estimates are used to complete an effective tax rate used to record income tax expense for the interim periods. As of March 31, 2005, Management has calculated an effective tax rate for the year will be 37.48%. To the extent that the estimated changes during a subsequent quarter the effect of the change on prior quarters as well as on the current quarter will be included in tax expense for the current quarter. The effective tax rate is lower than the statutory rate of 42.05% due to the benefits relating to permanent differences such as tax-exempt income on municipal securities, tax exempt loans, bank owned life insurance, and employee and director stock option plans.
Depreciation of fixed assets: The Company selects lives of assets over which to depreciate or amortize the cost based on the expected period it will benefit the Company. The Companys methods of depreciation and the lives of fixed assets are described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in the Companys 2004 10-K. If a method is used or a life is chosen that results in a material amount of the cost not having been amortized when the asset provides no further benefit to the Company, then a loss will be incurred for the unamortized cost of the asset when it is disposed of or replaced.
Amortization of the cost of other assets: The Companys methods of amortizing assets other than fixed assets are described in notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements or in the 2004 10-K. As with fixed assets, if the method of amortization or the amortization term results in unamortized cost when the asset has no further value, a loss will be recognized.
Alternative Methods of Accounting
The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with GAAP and conform to practices within the banking industry. As such there are few alternatives available to the Company in its accounting for items of income or expense or for assets and liabilities. One significant area where a choice is available is accounting for stock-based compensation.
Stock options: When the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123) in 1996, it elected to continue to use the intrinsic value method of accounting for stock options. Under this method, the Company does not recognize compensation expense at the time options are granted. As required by SFAS 123, pro forma amounts of compensation expense and the pro forma impact on net income and earnings per share are disclosed in the Companys Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q as if the Company had elected to instead use the fair value accounting method that recognizes compensation expense at the time options are granted. As indicated in Note 1, this alternative method of accounting will no longer be available beginning January 1, 2006.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Companys financial results have been or will be impacted by several accounting pronouncements, issued over the last two years. These pronouncements and the nature of their impact are discussed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
RISKS FROM CURRENT EVENTS
As of this writing, there seems to be no clear consensus as to how long U.S. military forces will be engaged in Iraq and Afghanistan. Commentators have expressed opinions that prolonged presence of US military forces in the region would be both expensive and could provoke further terrorist actions. Either of these consequences could have an impact on the economy and therefore on the results of operations for the Company.
Over the last two years, it has been difficult for the California Legislature to pass the state budget on a timely basis. In addition, a substantial amount of borrowing has been necessary to balance these budgets. While such actions clearly impact the California economy, the Company does not believe that they will have any material impact on its operating results. The Company does not own any State of California debt obligations and has no concentration of customers that will specifically be impacted by the lower levels of governmental expenditures. The general consensus appears to be that while substantial cost-costing, i.e., reduction in benefits and service levels is still necessary, there is less of a crisis with respect to the states financial condition than was the case a year ago.
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GROWTH TRENDS IN ASSETS AND DEPOSITS
The chart below shows the growth in average total assets and deposits since 1999. Annual averages are shown for 1999, 2000, 2001; and 2002, quarterly averages are shown for 2003, 2004, and 2005. Because significant but unusual cash flows sometimes occur at the end of a quarter and at year-end, the overall trend in the Companys growth is better shown by the use of average balances for the periods.
CHART 1GROWTH IN AVERAGE ASSETS AND DEPOSITS
(dollars in millions)
Deposit balances also have been included in the chart because an important factor in the profitability of the Company is the portion of assets that are funded by deposits. The interest rate paid on deposit accounts is generally less than the rate paid on nondeposit sources of funding.
There are three primary reasons for the overall growth trend shown above for the Company. The first is the acquisition of other financial institutions. The acquisition in 2000 of Los Robles Bank added $172 million to the Companys assets and $155 million to deposits. The acquisition of PCCI in March 2004 added $652 million in assets and $291 million in deposits.
The Companys other acquisitions in 1998 and 2000 were accounted for by the pooling of interests method. Asset and deposit totals for periods prior to the mergers have been restated to include the balances and so do not impact the totals shown in the above chart. However, growth at these institutions subsequent to the merger is reflected in the chart above.
Secondly, the Companys experience with acquisitions and mergers has been contrary to the general pattern in which banks lose customers of the acquired institution. Depositors of banks acquired by or merged with the Company have kept their deposits with the Company. The Company attributes this to its efforts to maintain the acquired institutions culture and management in place. The impact of this reason has been less in the last several years as the frequency of acquisitions in the financial industry has slowed.
Third, the Bank has opened two new offices during the period covered by the table. The company also acquired some of the assets and deposits of two of the branches of another financial institution in the first quarter of 2002.
Average assets and deposits increase during the first quarters of each year and then generally decrease in the second quarter. The major reason for this is the Companys tax refund loan program. The growth in assets is from the loans held by the Company. The growth in deposits is due both to certificates of deposit used as one of the sources of funding for the refund loans and to the outstanding checks issued for loans and transfers (See Note D).
INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY
Banks act as financial intermediaries. As such, they take in funds from depositors and then either lend the funds to borrowers or invest the funds in securities and other instruments. The Company earns interest income on loans and securities and pays interest expense on deposits and other borrowings. Net interest income is the difference in dollars between the interest
37
income earned and the interest expense paid. On an annual basis, net interest income represents approximately 70%-75% of the Companys net revenues.
Period-to-period Comparison of the Components of Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Table 2 shows the average balances of the major categories of earning assets and liabilities for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 together with the related interest income and expense. Table 3, an analysis of volume and rate variances, explains how much of the differences in interest income or expense for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 compared to the corresponding periods of 2004 is due to changes in the balances (volume) and how much is due to changes in rates. For example, Table 2 shows that for the first quarter of 2005, real estate loansmulti-family and nonresidential averaged $1.6 billion, interest income for them was $25.8 million, and the average rate received was 6.42%. In the same quarter of 2004, real estate loansmulti-family and nonresidential averaged $1.2 billion, interest income for them was $18.9 million, and the average rate received was 6.19%. Table 3 shows that the $6.9 million increase in interest income for these loans from the first quarter of 2004 compared to the first quarter of 2005 is the net result of a $6.2 million increase in interest income due to higher balances in 2005, and an increase of $0.7 million due to higher rates during 2005. Most of the increase in balances came from the purchase of PCCI.
Table 2 also discloses the net interest margin for the reported periods. Net interest margin is the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets. This ratio is useful in allowing the Company to monitor the spread between interest income and interest expense from month to month and year to year irrespective of the growth of the Companys assets. The net interest margin and net interest income are reported on a taxable equivalent basis (Note B). If the Company is able to maintain the net interest margin as the Company grows, the amount of net interest income will increase. If the net interest margin decreases, net interest income can still increase, but earning assets must increase at a higher rate. The increased volume of earning assets serves to replace the net interest income that is lost by the decreasing rate.
As shown in Table 2, the net interest margin, 8.20%, for the first quarter of 2005 was significantly higher than the comparable figure, 6.77%, for the first quarter of 2004, and the tax equivalent net interest income for the first quarter of 2005, $124.0 million, was 41.7% higher than the $87.5 million for 2004. As noted at the start of this discussion, the RAL and RT programs have a significant impact on the Companys operating results. This is most pronounced during the first quarter. For comparability with the reporting in prior quarters of net interest margin, both with and without RALs, the net interest margin for the first quarter of 2005, exclusive of RALs, was 4.67% compared to 4.63% for the first quarter of 2004, and 4.31% for the fourth quarter of 2004 (See Notes E and I).
The Federal Reserve Banks (FRB) target Federal funds rate averaged 1.00% in the first quarter of 2004 and averaged 2.44% in the first quarter of 2005. There was a significant amount of volatility in other interest rates during the quarter with all rates higher at the end of the quarter than at the start, but longer term rates up only slightly while shorter-term rates up 60 to 70 basis points. This caused the interest rate yield curve to flatten (See Note G).
Besides the more or less direct impact from changes in market rates, changes in the net interest margin can occur for a variety of other reasons. Examples of other causes include: (1) a change in prepayments in the securities portfolio, which results in changes in premium amortization; (2) fixed rate loans and deposits that renew in a higher rate environment; (3) a higher cost of funds due to an increase in the longer-term brokered CD accounts added in during 2004 to manage interest rate risk; and (4) a change in product mix due to higher growth rate in the loan portfolios than in the securities portfoliosloans earn higher rates compared to the rates earned on securities.
38
TABLE 2AVERAGE BALANCES, INCOME AND EXPENSE, YIELDS AND RATES (1)
(dollars in thousands)
(dollars in thousands) | Three months ended March 31, 2005 |
Three months ended March 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||
Balance |
Income |
Rate (4) |
Balance |
Income |
Rate (4) |
||||||||||||||
Assets: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Money market instruments: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold |
$ | 38,950 | $ | 250 | 2.60 | % | $ | 176,849 | $ | 481 | 1.09 | % | |||||||
Total money market instruments |
38,950 | 250 | 2.60 | % | 176,849 | 481 | 1.09 | % | |||||||||||
Securities: (2) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Taxable |
1,282,010 | 13,400 | 4.24 | % | 1,125,172 | 11,029 | 3.94 | % | |||||||||||
Non-taxable |
187,811 | 4,066 | 8.66 | % | 185,822 | 4,134 | 8.90 | % | |||||||||||
Total securities |
1,469,821 | 17,466 | 4.80 | % | 1,310,994 | 15,163 | 4.64 | % | |||||||||||
Loans: (3) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Commercial (including leasing) |
1,024,977 | 18,465 | 7.31 | % | 853,249 | 13,368 | 6.30 | % | |||||||||||
Real estate-multi family & nonresidential |
1,609,577 | 25,847 | 6.42 | % | 1,222,333 | 18,912 | 6.19 | % | |||||||||||
Real estate-residential 1-4 family |
925,719 | 12,841 | 5.55 | % | 816,939 | 11,582 | 5.67 | % | |||||||||||
Consumer |
1,059,543 | 71,974 | 27.55 | % | 813,018 | 42,851 | 21.20 | % | |||||||||||
Other |
2,584 | 15 | 2.35 | % | 4,456 | 15 | 1.35 | % | |||||||||||
Total loans |
4,622,400 | 129,142 | 11.28 | % | 3,709,995 | 86,728 | 9.38 | % | |||||||||||
Total earning assets |
6,131,171 | 146,858 | 9.71 | % | 5,197,838 | 102,372 | 7.92 | % | |||||||||||
FAS 115 Market Value Adjustment |
13,592 | 22,213 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-earning assets |
388,089 | 317,730 | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 6,532,852 | $ | 5,537,781 | |||||||||||||||
Liabilities and shareholders equity: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts |
$ | 1,983,510 | $ | 4,145 | 0.85 | % | $ | 1,730,866 | $ | 2,430 | 0.56 | % | |||||||
Time certificates of deposit |
1,562,145 | 9,595 | 2.49 | % | 1,393,960 | 6,558 | 1.89 | % | |||||||||||
Total interest-bearing deposits |
3,545,655 | 13,740 | 1.57 | % | 3,124,826 | 8,988 | 1.16 | % | |||||||||||
Borrowed funds: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Repos and Federal funds purchased |
216,715 | 1,401 | 2.62 | % | 200,576 | 534 | 1.07 | % | |||||||||||
Other borrowings |
883,300 | 7,742 | 3.55 | % | 607,776 | 5,375 | 3.56 | % | |||||||||||
Total borrowed funds |
1,100,015 | 9,143 | 3.37 | % | 808,352 | 5,909 | 2.94 | % | |||||||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities |
4,645,670 | 22,883 | 2.00 | % | 3,933,178 | 14,897 | 1.52 | % | |||||||||||
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |
1,341,535 | 1,212,054 | |||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
71,225 | (13,816 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
474,422 | 406,365 | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 6,532,852 | $ | 5,537,781 | |||||||||||||||
Interest income/earning assets |
9.71 | % | 7.92 | % | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense/earning assets |
1.51 | % | 1.15 | % | |||||||||||||||
Tax equivalent net interest income/margin |
123,975 | 8.20 | % | 87,475 | 6.77 | % | |||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses charged to operations/earning assets |
39,012 | 2.58 | % | 7,584 | 0.59 | % | |||||||||||||
Net interest margin after provision for credit losses on tax equivalent basis |
84,963 | 5.62 | % | 79,891 | 6.18 | % | |||||||||||||
Less: tax equivalent income included in interest income from non-taxable securities and loans |
1,592 | 0.11 | % | 1,607 | 0.12 | % | |||||||||||||
Net interest income after provision for credit loss |
$ | 83,371 | 5.51 | % | $ | 78,284 | 6.06 | % | |||||||||||
Loans other than RALs |
$ | 4,093,867 | $ | 67,171 | 6.65 | % | $ | 3,325,028 | $ | 51,783 | 6.26 | % | |||||||
Consumer loans other than RALs |
$ | 531,010 | $ | 10,003 | 7.64 | % | $ | 428,051 | $ | 7,906 | 7.39 | % |
(1) | Income amounts are presented on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis. (See Note B) |
(2) | Average securities balances are based on amortized historical cost, excluding SFAS 115 adjustments to fair value which are included in other assets. |
(3) | Nonaccrual loans are included in loan balances. Interest income includes related fee income. |
(4) | Annualized. |
39
TABLE 3RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS (1) (2)
(dollars in thousands)
(dollars in thousands) | Three months ended March 31, 2005 vs. March 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||
Change in Average Balance |
Change in Income/ Expense |
Rate |
Volume |
|||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in: |
||||||||||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Money market instruments: |
||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold |
$ | (137,899 | ) | $ | (231 | ) | $ | 327 | $ | (558 | ) | |||||
Total money market investment |
(137,899 | ) | (231 | ) | 327 | (558 | ) | |||||||||
Securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Taxable |
156,838 | 2,371 | 837 | 1,534 | ||||||||||||
Non-taxable |
1,989 | (68 | ) | (111 | ) | 43 | ||||||||||
Total securities |
158,827 | 2,303 | 726 | 1,577 | ||||||||||||
Loans: |
||||||||||||||||
Commercial (including leasing) |
171,728 | 5,097 | 2,260 | 2,837 | ||||||||||||
Real estate-multi family & nonresidential |
387,244 | 6,935 | 728 | 6,207 | ||||||||||||
Real estate-residential 1-4 family |
108,780 | 1,259 | (245 | ) | 1,504 | |||||||||||
Consumer loans |
246,525 | 29,123 | 14,472 | 14,651 | ||||||||||||
Other loans |
(1,872 | ) | | 8 | (8 | ) | ||||||||||
Total loans |
912,405 | 42,414 | 17,223 | 25,191 | ||||||||||||
Total earning assets |
933,333 | 44,486 | 18,276 | 26,210 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
Interest-bearing deposits: |
||||||||||||||||
Savings and interest-bearing transaction accounts |
252,644 | 1,715 | 1,338 | 377 | ||||||||||||
Time certificates of deposit |
168,185 | 3,037 | 2,200 | 837 | ||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing deposits |
420,829 | 4,752 | 3,538 | 1,214 | ||||||||||||
Borrowed funds: |
||||||||||||||||
Repos and Federal funds purchased |
16,139 | 867 | 821 | 46 | ||||||||||||
Other borrowings |
275,524 | 2,367 | (15 | ) | 2,382 | |||||||||||
Total borrowed funds |
291,663 | 3,234 | 806 | 2,428 | ||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities |
$ | 712,492 | 7,986 | 4,344 | 3,642 | |||||||||||
Tax equivalent net interest income |
$ | 36,500 | $ | 13,932 | $ | 22,568 | ||||||||||
Loans other than RALs |
$ | 768,839 | $ | 15,388 | $ | 3,266 | $ | 12,122 | ||||||||
Consumer loans other than RALs |
$ | 102,959 | $ | 2,097 | $ | 259 | $ | 1,838 |
(1) | Income amounts are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis. |
(2) | The change not solely due to volume or rate has been prorated into rate and volume components. |
The proration is done based on the relative amounts of the rate and volume variances prior to the proration.
Measuring Interest Rate Sensitivity
Because such large proportions of the Companys balance sheet are made up of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and because such a large proportion of its earnings is dependent on the spread between interest earned and interest paid, it is critical that the Company measure and manage the sensitivity of the value of its financial instruments and its earnings to changes in interest rates. Measurement may be done by estimating the impact of hypothetical changes in interest
40
rates on net economic value and on net interest income over the next twelve months. Net economic value is the net present value of the cash flows arising from assets and liabilities discounted at their acquired rate plus or minus the specified assumed changes in rates.
Estimating changes in net interest income or net economic value from increases or decreases in balances is relatively straightforward one simply multiplies the new balance by the applicable interest rate. Estimating changes that would result from increases or decreases in interest rates is substantially more difficult. Estimation is complicated by a number of factors which prevent the simple multiplication of the current balance by the hypothetical interest rate: (1) some financial instruments have interest rates that are fixed for their term, others that vary with rates, and still others that are fixed for a period and then reprice using then current rates; (2) the rates paid on some deposit accounts are set by contract, e.g. certificates of depositwhile others are priced at the option of the Company according to then current market conditions, e.g. checking and savings; (3) the rates for some loans vary with the market, but only within a limited range because of periodic or lifetime caps or floors (Note L); (4) consumers may prepay loans or withdraw deposits if interest rates move to their disadvantage, effectively forcing a repricing sooner than would be called for by the contractual terms of the instrument; and (5) external interest rates which are used as indices for various products offered by the Company do not change at the same time or to the same extent as the Federal Reserve Boards target Federal funds rate, the usual reference rate.
To address the complexity resulting from the last of these factors, a standard practice developed in the industry is to compute the impacts of hypothetical interest rate shocks on the Companys asset and liability balances. A shock is an immediate change in all interest rates. The resulting impacts indicate how much of the Companys net interest income and net economic value are at risk (would deviate from the base levelNote I) if rates were to change in this manner. Although interest rates normally would not change suddenly in this manner, this exercise is valuable in identifying exposures to risk and in providing comparability both with other institutions and between periods.
The complexity arising from the other factors cannot be so easily addressed the computational model must incorporate sufficient detail regarding the terms of the various financial instruments and must include assumptions regarding how customers would respond to the hypothetical changes in rates.
The results reported below for the Companys March 31, 2004, December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2005 balances indicate that the Companys net interest income at risk over a one year period and net economic value at risk from 2% shocks are within normal expectations for such sudden changes, and that changes from these shock are relatively minimal.
TABLE 4RATE SENSITIVITY (Note K)
Shocked by -2% |
Shocked by +2% |
|||||
As of March 31, 2005 |
||||||
Net interest income |
(6.38 | %) | +2.18 | % | ||
Net economic value |
(2.43 | %) | (7.08 | %) | ||
As of December 31, 2004 |
||||||
Net interest income |
(4.75 | %) | 1.48 | % | ||
Net economic value |
3.15 | % | (13.28 | %) | ||
As of March 31, 2004 |
||||||
Net interest income |
(9.15 | %) | 4.40 | % | ||
Net economic value |
22.90 | % | (11.85 | %) |
In general, differences in the results from one period to the next are due to changes in (1) the maturities and/or repricing opportunities of the financial instruments held; (2) the assumptions used regarding how responsive the rates for specific instruments are to the hypothetical 2% change in market rates; and (3) the assumptions used regarding prepayments and early withdrawals on loans and deposits, respectively.
Because the measurement period for changes in net interest income is one year, the impact on net interest income from these hypothetical changes in interest rates will depend on whether more assets or liabilities will reprice within the twelve-month period. An asset or liability reprices because either (a) it matures or is sold and is replaced with a new asset or liability priced at current market rates or (b) its contractual terms call for a periodic resetting or repricing of the interest rate. If the Company
41
has more assets repricing within one year than it has liabilities, then net interest income will increase with increases in rates and decrease as rates decline. The opposite effects will be observed if more liabilities than assets reprice in the next twelve months.
The Company has a slightly asset-sensitive interest rate risk position. The change in its interest rate position from
December 31, 2004 to March 31, 2005 is minimal.
There is very little difference in the Companys interest rate sensitivity as of the dates shown above at each period end, the Company is shown as slightly asset sensitive.
Repricing Opportunities
While the Company does not manage its interest rate risk by means of a gap analysisa table showing the difference between assets and liabilities maturing or repricing in each period is known as a gap analysisthe following table is provided for the reader to help understand the comments above about the effect of changes in the relative balance of certain assets and liabilities on interest rate sensitivity. It summarizes the time periods in which maturities and or repricing opportunities occur for the major categories of assets and liabilities for March 31, 2005, and provides summary lines for December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2004. The cumulative gap and the cumulative gap as a percentage of total assets are also reported. A positive number indicates that assets maturing or repricing in that specific period exceed maturing or repricing liabilities. A negative number indicates the opposite.
As of March 31, 2005, the only assets the Company had in the overnight column was the market value adjustments for available-for-sale securities. Loans indexed to the prime rate of large money center banks are usually not repriced for one or two days after the FOMC has changed its targeted funds rates. Similarly, Federal funds sold or purchased reprice the next day. They are, therefore, shown in the 2-day to 6-month time period. As the market value of securities are determined by the current interest rate environment any changes in interest rates would have an immediate change in their market values and the corresponding adjustment. The negative $175 million in the non-rate sensitive category is the unaccreted discount net of unamortized premium on the securities. These amounts do not change with interest rates, but instead are accreted or amortized by the level yield method over the term of the security. There is a large excess of liabilities over assets repricing in the 2-day to 6-month period. Ordinarily, this would suggest that the Company is liability sensitive rather than asset sensitive as was stated in the preceding paragraph. However, this excess of liabilities over assets is an artifact of the assumption that all non-term deposit accounts could be repriced at any time. In fact these deposit accounts are not immediately repriced with each change in market interest rates, nor do they change to the same degree as market rates when they are repriced. Rather than drawing the conclusion of asset sensitive or liability sensitive from the table, a better use for it is to note that the Company has a wide distribution of maturities or repricing opportunities in both its assets and liabilities. There were no appreciable changes in this condition from March 31, 2004 to March 31, 2005.
42
TABLE 5 GAP TABLE
(dollars in thousands) |
Immediate or one day |
2 day to 6 months |
6 months to 12 months |
1 year to 3 years |
3 years to 5 years |
More than 5 years |
Total rate sensitive |
Total non- rate sensitive |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 146,360 | $ | 146,360 | ||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities |
(627 | ) | 184,480 | 150,402 | 447,012 | 240,580 | 613,394 | 1,635,241 | (175,191 | ) | 1,460,050 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans |
| 2,261,695 | 510,718 | 940,633 | 338,647 | 120,617 | 4,172,310 | 48,245 | 4,220,555 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan and lease losses |
| | | | | | | (55,993 | ) | (55,993 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets |
| | | | | | | 410,855 | 410,855 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | (627 | ) | $ | 2,446,175 | $ | 661,120 | $ | 1,387,645 | $ | 579,227 | $ | 734,011 | $ | 5,807,551 | $ | 374,276 | $ | 6,181,827 | |||||||||||||||||
Liabilities and Equity: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits |
$ | | $ | 3,853,492 | $ | 319,420 | $ | 295,579 | $ | 88,211 | $ | 1,314 | $ | 4,558,016 | $ | | $ | 4,558,016 | ||||||||||||||||||
Borrowings |
| 422,283 | 146,967 | 275,799 | 124,310 | 65,000 | 1,034,359 | | 1,034,359 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
| | | | | | | 84,721 | 84,721 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
| | | | | | | 504,731 | 504,731 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | | $ | 4,275,775 | $ | 466,387 | $ | 571,378 | $ | 212,521 | $ | 66,314 | $ | 5,592,375 | $ | 589,452 | $ | 6,181,827 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gap |
(627 | ) | (1,829,600 | ) | 194,733 | 816,267 | 366,706 | 667,697 | 215,176 | (215,176 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative gap |
(627 | ) | (1,830,227 | ) | (1,635,494 | ) | (819,227 | ) | (452,521 | ) | 215,176 | 215,176 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative gap/ total assets |
-0.01 | % | -29.61 | % | -26.46 | % | -13.25 | % | -7.32 | % | 3.48 | % | 3.48 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gap |
$ | 13,752 | $ | (1,842,581 | ) | $ | 71,511 | $ | 829,877 | $ | 415,498 | $ | 714,658 | $ | 202,715 | $ | (202,715 | ) | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Cumulative gap |
$ | 13,752 | $ | (1,828,829 | ) | $ | (1,757,318 | ) | $ | (927,441 | ) | $ | (511,943 | ) | $ | 202,715 | $ | 202,715 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||
Cumulative gap/ total assets |
0.23 | % | -30.36 | % | -29.17 | % | -15.39 | % | -8.50 | % | 3.36 | % | 3.36 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gap |
$ | 32,436 | $ | (1,791,051 | ) | $ | 118,620 | $ | 644,625 | $ | 460,562 | $ | 816,633 | $ | 281,825 | $ | (281,825 | ) | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Cumulative gap |
$ | 32,436 | $ | (1,758,615 | ) | $ | (1,639,995 | ) | $ | (995,370 | ) | $ | (534,808 | ) | $ | 281,825 | $ | 281,825 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||
Cumulative gap/ total assets |
0.58 | % | -31.24 | % | -29.13 | % | -17.68 | % | -9.50 | % | 5.01 | % | 5.01 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % |
43
Note: Securities are listed by their maturity or any repricing prior to maturity.
The Impact of Changes in Interest Rates on the Value of Financial Instruments
In addition to the impact on net interest income that arises from changes in market rates, such changes impact the value of fixed rate financial instruments. The market value of fixed rate securities or loans increase as rates decline because the fixed rate is then higher than the current market level. Conversely the market value declines when rates rise because the instrument is earning at a lower rate than the current level. In other words, the price of the security or loan changes in response to changes in market rates to bring the effective yield on the instrument approximately equal to the rate on new instruments with similar terms. The longer the maturity of the asset, the more sensitive is its market value to changes in interest rates, because the mismatch of the instruments coupon rate will differ from the market rate for a longer time. The market value of fixed rate liabilities changes in exactly the opposite manner. For example, they are less valuable (more costly) to the Company when rates decline because the Company must continue to pay the higher rate until they mature.
As indicated above, in the context of interest rate risk measurement, net economic value is the sum of the net present value of the cash flows associated with the Companys financial assets and liabilities. The net economic value of truly variable rate instruments does not change with increases or decreases in rates because their rates change with the market. Therefore the Companys net economic value increases or decreases as interest rates change depending on the relative proportion and maturities of fixed rate assets and liabilities and the relative terms of these instruments. The Company has more fixed rate assets than liabilities and they generally have longer maturities. Therefore, it is generally expected that the net economic value of the Companys financial instruments will decrease when rates rise and increase when rates decline. There are circumstances, however, when the net economic value will decline whichever direction interest rates are assumed to change. This occurs because of optionality embedded in the financial instruments. An example would be the hybrid ARMs held in the residential real estate loan and mortgage-backed security portfolios. If rates drop, the interest income will not immediately be impacted because the rates are fixed for a period of time. As such, the net economic value will increase with a decrease in rates. However, depending on the coupon rate and the amount of the decrease in rates, prepayments will increase and the positive impact on net economic value will disappear.
It is also expected that the percentage change in the net economic value resulting from a given change in interest rates would be greater than the percentage change in the net interest income. This occurs because the expected change in net interest income is measured only over the next twelve months while the change in net economic value is the present value of the cash flows over the entire maturity terms of the assets and liabilities.
In certain situations, optionality can cause net economic value to decline if interest rates are assumed to go up or down. This can occur even if net interest income would increase over the next twelve months if rates go up. For example, periodic caps on residential loans may allow some increase in interest income in the near term while delaying the full positive impact of the hypothetical increase in rates. CDs, which have no caps, would continue to show an increase in the average rate paid.
Nonparallel Responses to Interest Rate Changes
Mentioned above among the complicating factors of measuring the impact on net interest income of changes in interest rates were two examples of how financial instruments do not respond in parallel fashion to rising or falling interest rates. This can cause an asymmetry in the magnitude of changes in net interest income and net economic value resulting from the hypothetical increases and decreases in rates. In other words, as can be seen in Table 4, the same percentage of increase and decrease in the hypothetical interest rate will not necessarily cause the same percentage change in net interest income or net economic value. An asymmetrical or nonparallel response occurs because various contractual limits and non-contractual factors come into play. An example of a contractual limit is the interest rate cap on some residential real estate loans, which may limit the amount that the loan rate may increase, but not limit the amount it may decrease. An example of a non-contractual factor are the assumption of the extent to which rates paid on administered accounts would be changed by the Company were market rates to go up or down by 200 basis points.
In addition, the degree of asymmetry can change as the base rate changes from period to period and as there are changes in the Companys product mix. For example, if savings accounts are paying 4% when one measures the impact of a 2% decrease in market rates, the measured responsiveness of the rate paid on these accounts to that decrease will be greater than the responsiveness if the current rate is 3% when the measurement is done. This is because the Company cannot assume that it will be able to lower the rates paid on these deposits as much from a 3% base in response to a hypothetical 2% drop in rates as from a 4% base while it can assume a full 2% increase from either base. Another example of non-contractual factors coming into play relates to consumer variable rate loans that have interest rate caps. To the extent those loans are a larger proportion of the portfolio than in a previous period, the caps on loan rates would have more of an adverse impact on the overall result if rates were to rise. Similarly, if interest rates have increased substantially from the initial rate on these loans, the current rate may be close to their life-time cap and further rises in market rates will have limited effect.
44
For these measurements, the Company makes certain assumptions that significantly impact the results. The most significant assumption is the use of a static balance sheetthe Company applies the interest rate shocks to its current balance sheet. However, due to changes in interest rates or other business conditions, the Company will make business decisions on the size and mix of the various asset and liability balances that will cause actual net interest income to differ from the calculated results. Additional assumptions include the duration of the Companys non-maturity deposits because they have no contractual maturity, and the extent to which the Company would adjust the rates paid on its administered rate deposits as external yields change. As mentioned above, changes in assumptions regarding the extent to which deposit rates would be raised or lowered in the event of a 200 basis point increase or decrease and to changes in the assumptions with respect to prepayment speeds on residential mortgages are part of the reason for the difference in the amount of changes to net income and economic value in response to 200 basis point shocks shown in Table 4 between March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2005.
As interest rates change, the assumptions regarding responsiveness to further change must be reviewed, and any changes will affect the computed results. These assumptions are reviewed each quarter and are changed as deemed appropriate to reflect the best information available to Management.
The Companys exposure to the various types of interest rate risk and how it addresses these risks is discussed in more detail in Managements Discussion and Analysis in the 2004 10-K.
DEPOSITS AND RELATED INTEREST EXPENSE
While occasionally there may be slight decreases in average deposits from one quarter to the next, the overall trend is one of growth as shown in Chart 1. As noted in the discussion accompanying that chart, there is a significant increase in average deposits during the first quarter of each year related to the tax refund programs. These deposits include brokered certificates of deposit used to fund the tax refund loans and uncleared checks issued in connection with RAL and RT transactions (Note D). Generally these brokered CDs have a term of only one month, and consequently the amounts at each of the quarter-ends shown in Table 6 are minimal. The Company also uses brokered certificates of deposit to help manage its interest rate risk. At March 31, 2005, December 31, 2004, and March 31, 2004, deposits used for this purpose totaled $26.5 million, $224 million, and $68.2 million, respectively. At March 31, 2005, an additional $161.7 million was used for funding of the leverage strategy mentioned above. The brokered CDs used for these purposes have a term of several years and bear a higher interest rate than other deposits and the rate paid on time deposits, as shown in Table 2, reflect this higher rate.
The table below shows the major categories of deposits as of March 31, 2005 and 2004 and as of December 31, 2004.
TABLE 6CATEGORIES OF DEPOSITS
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
March 31, 2004 | ||||||
Noninterest bearing deposits |
$ | 1,069,499 | $ | 1,013,772 | $ | 1,003,546 | |||
Interest bearing deposits: |
|||||||||
NOW accounts |
887,559 | 887,874 | 659,966 | ||||||
Money market deposit accounts |
688,689 | 703,889 | 787,098 | ||||||
Other savings deposits |
396,115 | 408,101 | 419,667 | ||||||
Time certificates of $100,000 or more |
1,016,415 | 990,809 | 878,037 | ||||||
Other time deposits |
499,739 | 507,845 | 543,172 | ||||||
Total deposits |
$ | 4,558,016 | $ | 4,512,290 | $ | 4,291,486 | |||
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The table below shows the interest expense for the major categories of deposits for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004.
TABLE 7INTEREST EXPENSE FOR CATEGORIES OF DEPOSITS
(dollars in thousands) | Interest Expense for the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, | |||||
2005 |
2004 | |||||
NOW accounts |
$ | 1,569 | $ | 463 | ||
Money market deposit accounts |
1,745 | 1,610 | ||||
Other savings deposits |
831 | 357 | ||||
Time certificates of $100,000 or more |
6,852 | 4,015 | ||||
Other time deposits |
2,743 | 2,543 | ||||
Total interest on deposits |
$ | 13,740 | $ | 8,988 | ||
LOANS AND RELATED INTEREST INCOME
The table in Note 5, Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses, to the Consolidated Financial Statements shows the balances by loan type for March 31, 2005, December 31, 2004, and March 31, 2004. The end-of-period loan balances as of March 31, 2005 have increased by $158 million compared to December 31, 2004 and increased by $526 million compared to March 31, 2004. The major dollar increase from the totals at March 31, 2004 to March 31, 2005 occurred in the 1-4 family residential, leasing, and home equity categories.
In the table in Note 5, the amount for consumer loans includes $46 million in short term holiday loans that payoff during the first quarter. This payoff accounts for almost all of the decrease in this category from December 31, 2004 to March 31, 2005.
Within the average balance of consumer loans in Table 2 are some of the tax refund loans. About 85% or more of tax refund loans are made in the first quarter of each year with the remainder in the second quarter. Tax refund loans that were sold into the securitization and the fees charged on those loans were excluded from Table 2. The average balances for these loans included in Table 2 shown in Table 20.
Average yield for loans for the three-month period ended March 31, 2005 was 11.28%, and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2004 was 9.38%. These average yields are impacted by the RAL loans included in Table 2 among the consumer loans. Exclusive of RALs, the yields were 6.65% and 6.26%. The change in yields is not greater because average loan rates lag the changes in market interest rates. Only loans that are originated or are contractually repriced during the quarter show the impact of the FOMC increases or increases in other indices. Most consumer and many business loans have fixed rates until maturity or for some portion of their term.
Approximately half of the residential real estate loans held are fixed rate loans. In addition to the fixed rate loans, the Company also holds adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs). Some of these ARMs have initial teaser rates. The yield increases for these loans as the teaser rates expire. Applicants for these loans are qualified based on the fully-indexed rate.
CREDIT QUALITY AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The Allowance for Credit Losses represents Managements estimate of the probable losses in the loan and lease portfolios. The Company is required by regulation, generally accepted accounting principles, and safe and sound banking practices to maintain an allowance that is adequate to absorb losses that are inherent in the portfolio of loans and leases, including those not yet identified. The methodology used to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit loss is discussed in detail in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the 2004 10-K. This methodology involves estimating the amount of credit loss inherent in each of the loan and lease portfolios by taking into account such factors as historical charge-off rates, economic conditions, and concentrations by industry, geography, and collateral type. In addition, generally accepted accounting principles require the establishment of a valuation allowance for impaired loans as described in Note 5, Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company includes as potential problem loans loans that are generally still performing according to contractual terms, i.e. the customer is making principal and interest payments on time, or at most they are one or two months delinquent in their payments, but for which the Company is aware of factors specific to the loans which cause heightened concern regarding eventual payment. Examples of such factors would be declining sales for a business customer or loss of a job for a consumer customer. The factor or situation may be potential but if it occurs, it is probable that the customer will not be able to continue to perform according to the contract terms, or it may be the factor or situation which has been identified as a potential weakness has occurred, is well defined, and continuation of the situation will reasonably be expected to cause default by the customer.
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Quarter-by-Quarter Trends
The table below shows total potential problem loans and nonperforming loans as of each of the last six quarters. Also included in the table are the net charge-offs, allowance, and provision expense. The top half of the table discloses the figures for all loans. All RALs outstanding at June 30 and September 30, 2004 are included in the balances of potential problem loans as of those dates. The bottom half discloses the figures for loans other than RALs. This disclosure is provided because in relating the credit quality statistics disclosed in Table 9 to the economy, the impact of RALs tends to obscure the trends of other loans, as the seasonal patterns of this program are unrelated to the economic cycle. The discussion of the trends that follows Table 8 addresses the second half of the table, the portion that excludes RALs. Because the factors impacting the credit quality issues for the RAL program are unique to that program, they are discussed separately in the section below titled Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer Programs.
TABLE 8POTENTIAL PROBLEM AND NONPERFORMING LOANS, NET CHARGE-OFFS, ALLOWANCE, AND PROVISION
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
June 30, 2004 |
March 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
Including RAL: |
||||||||||||||||||
Potential problem loans |
$ | 86,384 | $ | 90,785 | $ | 102,452 | $ | 98,979 | $ | 78,026 | ||||||||
Nonperforming loans |
$ | 25,043 | $ | 22,521 | $ | 24,146 | $ | 23,609 | $ | 35,267 | ||||||||
Net charge-offs |
$ | 36,996 | $ | (1,063 | ) | $ | (1,053 | ) | $ | 5,607 | $ | 10,034 | ||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
$ | 55,993 | $ | 53,977 | $ | 52,169 | $ | 48,376 | $ | 53,246 | ||||||||
Provision expense for loans |
$ | 39,012 | $ | 1,748 | $ | 2,740 | $ | 737 | $ | 7,584 | ||||||||
Exclusive of RAL: |
||||||||||||||||||
Potential problem loans |
$ | 86,384 | $ | 90,785 | $ | 101,040 | $ | 95,990 | $ | 78,026 | ||||||||
Nonperforming loans |
$ | 25,043 | $ | 22,521 | $ | 24,146 | $ | 23,609 | $ | 35,267 | ||||||||
Net charge-offs |
$ | 7,672 | $ | (866 | ) | $ | (1,052 | ) | $ | 4,257 | $ | 2,718 | ||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
$ | 47,790 | $ | 53,977 | $ | 51,880 | $ | 48,088 | $ | 51,608 | ||||||||
Provision expense for loans |
$ | 1,485 | $ | 2,234 | $ | 2,740 | $ | 737 | $ | (1,370 | ) |
Nonperforming loans have decreased over $18.1 million or 42.0% over the last five quarters. Resolution of some large nonperforming credits has come by sale, charge-off, and payoff. These resolutions have been discussed in previous quarterly reports.
Aside from the $29.3 million in RAL net charge-offs, in the first quarter of 2005 there were $2.7 million in net charge-offs of commercial loans, $1.6 million in leases, and $9.4 million in consumer loans. The latter amount includes $3.6 million of the seasonal holiday loans.
As of March 31, 2005, nonperforming loans represent 0.6% of total loans. This amount is regarded by Management as a normal or expected amount.
Table 9 shows the amounts of nonperforming loans and nonperforming assets for the Company at the end of the first quarter of 2005 and at the end of the previous four quarters. A set of standard credit quality ratios for the Company and its peers is also provided. Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans and foreclosed collateral (generally real estate). There is no standard industry definition for potential problem loans so while the Companys totals for the last six quarters are shown in Table 8, peer comparisons are not available.
As with Table 8, the Companys ratios are computed both with and without RALs, the allowance related specifically to RALs, and charged-off RALs. Again, with only two other banks having nationwide RAL programs, Management believes that better comparability of credit quality performance may be obtained by reviewing credit quality exclusive of the impact of the RAL program.
The amounts for total loans and total assets with and without RAL for March 31, 2005, September 30, June 30, and March 31, 2004 are reconciled in Table 24. There are no differences for the other quarter ended December 31, 2004.
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TABLE 9ASSET QUALITY
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
June 30, 2004 |
March 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||
COMPANY AMOUNTS: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Loans delinquent |
||||||||||||||||||||
90 days or more |
$ | 1,059 | $ | 820 | $ | 2,030 | $ | 2,310 | $ | 506 | ||||||||||
Nonaccrual loans |
23,984 | 21,701 | 22,116 | 21,299 | 34,761 | |||||||||||||||
Total nonperforming loans |
25,043 | 22,521 | 24,146 | 23,609 | 35,267 | |||||||||||||||
Foreclosed collateral |
2,910 | 2,910 | 2,910 | 2,910 | | |||||||||||||||
Total nonperforming assets |
$ | 27,953 | $ | 25,431 | $ | 27,056 | $ | 26,519 | $ | 35,267 | ||||||||||
Allowance for credit losses |
||||||||||||||||||||
other than RALs |
$ | 47,790 | $ | 53,977 | $ | 51,880 | $ | 48,088 | $ | 51,608 | ||||||||||
Allowance for RALs |
8,203 | | 289 | 288 | 1,638 | |||||||||||||||
Total allowance |
$ | 55,993 | $ | 53,977 | $ | 52,169 | $ | 48,376 | $ | 53,246 | ||||||||||
COMPANY RATIOS (Including RALs): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Coverage ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans |
1.33 | % | 1.33 | % | 1.33 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.44 | % | ||||||||||
Coverage ratio of allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans |
224 | % | 240 | % | 216 | % | 205 | % | 151 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans |
0.59 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.62 | % | 0.63 | % | 0.95 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets |
0.45 | % | 0.42 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.63 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to potential problem loans and nonperforming loans |
50.25 | % | 47.64 | % | 41.21 | % | 39.46 | % | 47.00 | % | ||||||||||
COMPANY RATIOS (Exclusive of RALs): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Coverage ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans |
1.15 | % | 1.33 | % | 1.32 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.42 | % | ||||||||||
Coverage ratio of allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans |
191 | % | 240 | % | 215 | % | 204 | % | 146 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans |
0.60 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.62 | % | 0.63 | % | 0.97 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets |
0.46 | % | 0.42 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.47 | % | 0.67 | % | ||||||||||
Ratio of allowance for credit losses to potential problem loans and nonperforming loans |
42.89 | % | 47.64 | % | 41.44 | % | 40.21 | % | 45.55 | % | ||||||||||
FDIC PEER GROUP RATIOS: (Note C) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Coverage ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans |
n/a | 1.47 | % | 1.46 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.58 | % | |||||||||||
Coverage ratio of allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans |
n/a | 206 | % | 196 | % | 190 | % | 179 | % | |||||||||||
Ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans |
n/a | 0.71 | % | 0.74 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.88 | % | |||||||||||
Ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets |
n/a | 0.51 | % | 0.54 | % | 0.56 | % | 0.63 | % |
Shown for both the Company and its peers are the coverage ratio of the allowance to total loans and the ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans. While the Company does not determine its allowance for credit loss by attempting to achieve particular target ratios, the Company nonetheless computes its ratios and compares them with peer ratios as a check on its methodology. Also shown for comparative purposes are the Company and peer ratios of nonperforming loans to total loans and nonperforming assets to total assets.
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When the economy is changing, comparing the Companys ratios at the end of the current quarter with peers ratios at the end of the prior quarter must be done cautiously. The Companys allowance as of the end of the current quarter may reflect impacts from the economy on the Companys borrowers that will only become apparent in the peer statistics when they are published near the end of the next quarter.
Nonperforming Loans
The ratios of allowance for credit losses to total loans and to nonperforming loans are a common ratios reported for banks. Comparing the Companys ratios for prior quarters with those of its peers indicates that in general, exclusive of RALs, the Companys ratio is lower as a percentage of total loans than its peers, but higher as a percentage of nonperforming loans. This occurs because except for March 31, 2004, the Companys ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans is less than that ratio for its peers. While allowance to nonperforming loans is a common statistic used in comparing banks asset quality profile, it is important to keep in mind that the allowance is not provided just for nonperforming loans and that some nonperforming loans do not require an allowance. Approximately $17.1 million of the $25.0 million in nonperforming loans are comprised of three specific loans. While they are not performing according to their contractual terms, because of collateral coverage the Company does not expect to incur any loss of principal from these loans and consequently it has concluded that providing an allowance for them is not necessary.
The following table shows the types of loans included among nonperforming and potential problem loans as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004.
TABLE 10NONPERFORMING AND OTHER POTENTIAL PROBLEM LOANS
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Nonperforming Loans |
Potential Problem Loans other than Nonperforming |
Nonperforming Loans |
Potential Problem Loans other than Nonperforming | ||||||||
Loans secured by real estate: |
||||||||||||
Construction and land development |
$ | | $ | 9,024 | $ | 20 | $ | 2,090 | ||||
Agricultural |
2,820 | 9,212 | 2,820 | 9,355 | ||||||||
Home equity lines |
129 | 783 | 197 | 638 | ||||||||
1-4 family mortgage |
1,823 | 1,684 | 1,631 | 2,283 | ||||||||
Multifamily |
| | | | ||||||||
Non-residential, nonfarm |
2,980 | 24,554 | 267 | 29,629 | ||||||||
Commercial and industrial |
13,218 | 29,402 | 13,537 | 34,944 | ||||||||
Leases |
2,228 | 7,167 | 2,392 | 6,506 | ||||||||
Other Consumer Loans |
1,365 | 4,199 | 1,653 | 4,954 | ||||||||
Other |
480 | 359 | 4 | 386 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 25,043 | $ | 86,384 | $ | 22,521 | $ | 90,785 | ||||
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The following table sets forth the allocation of the allowance for all adversely graded loans by classification as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004. The RAL loans outstanding at March 31, 2005 are all classified as substandard. Consequently the whole amount of the RAL allowance of $8.2 million at March 31, 2005 is included in the allocation for substandard loans.
TABLE 11ALLOCATION OF ALLOWANCE
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 | |||||
Doubtful |
$ | 2,431 | $ | 5,589 | ||
Substandard |
17,974 | 9,417 | ||||
Special Mention |
4,766 | 5,189 | ||||
Total |
$ | 25,171 | $ | 20,195 | ||
While the Company always works to minimize its nonperforming loans, credit risk is an inherent part of lending. Attempting to eliminate nonperforming loans by setting underwriting standards too high reduces income opportunities. Management believes that the current level of nonperforming loans is a normal amount and is consistent with the level of credit risk, it is prepared to take in its loan portfolios.
Charge-offs
Table 12 shows the ratio of net charge-offs to average loans both with and without RALs.
TABLE 12RATIO OF NET CHARGE-OFFS TO AVERAGE LOANS*
2005 YTD Annualized |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||||||
Pacific Capital Bancorp |
3.25 | % | 0.36 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.48 | % | |||||
Pacific Capital Bancorp |
0.76 | % | 0.14 | % | 0.46 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||
FDIC Peers (Note C) |
n/a | 0.37 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.88 | % | 1.03 | % |
* | The amounts for average total loans with and without RALs are reconciled in Table 21. |
Commitments to Extend Credit
As discussed in Notes 1 and 11 and in the section below titled Operating Expense, the Company has established a reserve for loan commitments and letters of credit. This reserve is separate from the allowance for credit losses. The activity in this reserve for the three month periods ended March 31, 2004 and 2005 is shown in a table in Note 11.
Conclusion
The amount of allowance for credit losses allocated to nonperforming loans, potential problem loans, impaired loans and to all other loans are determined based on the factors and methodology discussed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Companys 2004 10-K. Based on these considerations, Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2005 represents its best estimate of the allowance necessary to cover the probable losses incurred in the loan and lease portfolios as of that date.
FEDERAL FUNDS SOLD AND SECURITIES PURCHASED UNDER AGREEMENTS TO RESELL
Cash that has not been invested is a nonearning asset, that is, it does not earn interest. Consequently, the Bank strives to maintain the minimum balances necessary for efficient operations. Cash in excess of the amount needed each day to fund loans, invest in securities, or cover deposit withdrawals is sold to other institutions as Federal funds or invested with other institutions on a collateralized basis as securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements).
50
Federal funds sold are overnight unsecured borrowings between financial institutions. The reverse repurchase agreements are investments by the Company, which are collateralized by securities or loans of the borrower and mature on a daily basis. The Company requires the investments to be over-collateralized by 102% for securities and 105% for loans. The amount of Federal funds sold and reverse repurchase agreements purchased during the quarter is an indication of Managements estimation during the quarter of immediate cash needs, the difference between funds supplied by depositors compared to funds lent to borrowers, and relative yields of alternative investment vehicles. At the relatively low rates available on these instruments during the first quarter of 2005approximately 2.44%, the average Federal funds rate for the quarterthe Company has kept minimal balances.
SECURITIES
Securities decreased from $1.52 billion at the end of 2004 to $1.46 billion as of March 31, 2005. The decrease was primarily due to payments received on the Companys mortgage-backed securities.
Leverage Strategy
During 2003 and 2004, the Company implemented a leveraging strategy involving the purchase of securities funded by additional borrowings. It is termed leveraging because the purchaser is increasing its assets without a corresponding increase in capital, hence leveraging its capital. The ideal manner for a financial institution to grow or to increase its net interest income is through adding deposits and investing the received funds in loans. This is ideal because the spread between the interest earned and paid is then maximized. However, with interest rates low, loan demand relatively weak, and customers unwilling to place their funds in longer-term CDs, the opportunities to grow in this manner were somewhat limited in 2003. The Company decided that the purchase of securities funded by the borrowings would provide some additional net interest income, even though the relatively thin spread between the earnings rate on the securities and the cost of the borrowings would negatively impact the net interest margin and return on average assets ratio.
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) and mortgage backed securities (MBS) were purchased and funded by term borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). The use of term debt to fund the purchases reduced the interest rate risk incurred by the purchase of the securities, because the spread between the assets and liabilities would be locked in for at least the term of the debt. The Company did not try to match fund the purchasesexactly match the term of the securities purchased and the debt incurredbecause the spreads would then be too narrow. Because the Company had been asset sensitive as explained in the section titled Interest Rate Sensitivity, it could afford some mismatching of the maturities to obtain a wider spread between the interest income and expense.
During the second quarter of 2003, the Company purchased $300 million of MBS with funding obtained from the FHLB. The securities were purchased at yields of 3.25% to 3.50% with the funding costs at 1.25% to 1.75%. In the third quarter, $200 million in additional securities were purchased with yields of 3.40% to 4.80% with funding costs of 2.25% to 2.80%, the average spread was 1.72%. The underlying loans supporting these mortgage-backed securities are hybrid ARMSmortgages that have a fixed rate for several years and then reprice in response to changes in market rates. Along with the fixed rate on the funding used to purchase the securities, the repricing characteristics of these securities provide the Company with some protection when interest rates rise (Note O).
In the second quarter of 2004, the Company added another $100 million in MBS at a spread of 1.85% to the FHLB advances used to fund the purchases. In the third quarter, another $100 million of MBS were purchased at a spread of 1.30%.
As explained above, leveraging increases assets without a corresponding increase in capital. As explained below in the section titled Capital Resources and Company Stock, the Company has had regulatory capital ratios substantially in excess of the standard for classification as well capitalized, and this position has not been eroded by the implementation of the strategy, as the amount of leverage added in this strategy is approximately 12% of the total assets. With loan balances increasing over the next several quarters, the Company expects that most proceeds from amortizing or maturing securities will be used to fund loan growth.
In summary, approximately $703 million of securities were purchased. At March 31, 2005, the outstanding balance of these securities was approximately $508 million. Of the purchases, approximately $396 million were funded by FHLB advances,
51
and $195 million by payments received on securities purchased earlier. The remainder was funded by short-term borrowings. The average spread between the earnings on the securities and the various sources is currently 1.60%. This spread results in earnings of approximately $680,000 per month.
Premium Amortization and Prepayments
Some leverage and other securities were purchased at a premium. The premium is amortized against interest income over the life of the security. The amortization of premium lowers the carrying amount of the security to the par value that will be received at maturity and reduces the interest income earned. In the case of single maturity debt instruments like US Treasury securities, it is relatively simple to compute the amount of premium to be amortized each month to obtain a level effective yield. In the case of CMOs and MBS the calculation is more complicated. The amortization is based on the actual and estimated paydown of the principal. Prepayments by the mortgage customers accelerate the amortization of the premium in two ways. First, the premium associated with the balance paid off prematurely must immediately be amortized against income. Second, prepayment shortens the average life of the remaining outstanding amount of the security over which the remaining premium is to be amortized.
Prepayment speeds are not related directly to changes in interest rates by the FOMC, but rather to changes in the intermediate rates used for setting residential mortgage rates. Intermediate rates have fluctuated in the last five quarters. Premium amortization was $997,000 in the first quarter of 2004, but increased to $2 million in the second quarter of 2004. The increase in prepayments in the second quarter of 2004 was due to a temporary decrease in intermediate-term rates in the latter part of the first quarter of 2004 (Note M). The premium amortized in the third quarter was approximately $700,000. The decrease in third quarter of 2004 appears related to an increase in intermediate term rates near the end of the second quarter. Premium amortized in the fourth quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2005 was $511,000 and $631,000, respectively. The FOMC has not been particularly successful in pushing up intermediate and longer-term rates by its increases in short-term rates over the last three quarters. Nonetheless, assuming that the economy continues to improve, or at least remains stable, intermediate rates would be expected to remain high enough to keep prepayments at the low end of the range experienced in the last five quarters. This would stabilize or increase the effective yield of the securities portfolio. Changes in interest rates have no impact on the interest expense related to the borrowings used to purchase the securities because they have fixed rates.
OTHER ASSETS
Of the $49.2 million increase in other assets during the first quarter of 2005, $25 million resulted from the purchase of bank owned life insurance (BOLI). The excess of the one-time premium over the mortality cost is invested in assets that earn interest for the Company. Proceeds received upon the death of covered employees will be used to fund benefit plans.
FEDERAL FUNDS PURCHASED AND SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE
Federal funds purchased are exactly the converse of Federal funds sold in that they are overnight borrowings from other financial institutions used by the Company as needed to manage its daily liquidity positions. At various times during each quarter, the Company may experience loans growing or other cash outflows occurring at a higher rate than cash inflows from deposit growth. In these situations, the Company first uses its short-term investments to provide the needed fundssee the section above on Federal funds soldand then borrows funds overnight in the form of Federal funds purchased until cash flows are again balanced.
Small amounts of Federal funds are purchased from other local financial institutions as an accommodation to them, i.e. the Company provides the smaller institution with an opportunity to place funds at a better rate, for the relatively small amounts they sell, than they could obtain in the general market. These averaged just over $7 million in the first quarter of 2005. The Company either earns a spread relative to the rate at which it can sell the funds or it reduces the expense on what it would otherwise have to borrow for its own liquidity needs.
As described in the previous section discussing securities purchased under agreements to sell, the Company uses reverse repurchase agreements as a means of investing short-term excess cash. While the Company could borrow money overnight in the same repurchase agreement market that it lends funds, it instead generally purchases Federal funds so as not to have to continually move collateral around between sellers of funds. However, the Company does use repurchase agreements as a retail product. Some customers that wish to place funds in amounts that exceed FDIC deposit insurance coverage prefer this secured product. The funds are borrowed from customers for periods of one week to two months. In addition, in the first quarter of each year as the Company uses repurchase agreements to borrow funds from other financial institutions to support the funding needs of the RAL program. Whether the repurchase agreements are with retail customers or other financial institutions, the borrowings are collateralized by securities held by the Company in its investment portfolios.
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Table 13 indicates the average balances (dollars in millions), the rates for these borrowings and the proportions of total assets funded by them for prior quarters. The increased amounts in the first quarters of 2004 and 2005 are obvious in this table.
TABLE 13FEDERAL FUNDS PURCHASED AND SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE
(dollars in millions)
Quarter Ended |
Average Outstanding |
Average Rate |
Percentage of Average Total Assets |
||||||||
March |
2004 | $ | 200.6 | 1.07 | % | 3.6 | % | ||||
June |
2004 | 94.6 | 0.95 | % | 1.7 | % | |||||
September |
2004 | 59.1 | 1.45 | % | 1.0 | % | |||||
December |
2004 | 127.9 | 1.95 | % | 2.2 | % | |||||
March |
2005 | 216.7 | 2.62 | % | 3.3 | % |
LONG-TERM DEBT, OTHER BORROWINGS, AND RELATED INTEREST EXPENSE
Treasury Tax and Loan demand notes, borrowings from the FRB, advances from the FHLB, and the senior and subordinated notes are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as long-term debt and other borrowings. A separate line discloses the amount of the Companys obligation under a capital lease.
Other Borrowings:
Treasury Tax and Loan demand notes are amounts received from customers that are due to the Internal Revenue Service for payroll and other taxes. Banks may immediately forward these funds to the IRS, or may retain the funds and pay interest on them. The Company elects to retain these funds.
As a backup source of short-term liquidity, banks may borrow funds from the FRB. The Company did not borrow funds from this source during the quarter.
Long-Term Debt:
The components of long-term debt at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 are shown in a table in Note 9.
The scheduled maturities of the FHLB advances are $276.8 million in 1 year or less, $219.0 million in 1 to 3 years, and $93.0 million in more than 3 years. The maturity of the Bancorp senior debt is July 2006. Of the Bank subordinated debt, $36 million matures in July 2011, $35 million matures in December 2013, and $50 million matures in 2014. The subordinated debt at Bancorp matures in 2033, but the notes are callable in part or in total by the Company in 2008.
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Table 14 indicates the average balances that are outstanding (dollars in millions) and the rates and the proportion of total assets funded by long-term debt over prior quarters.
TABLE 14LONG-TERM DEBT
(dollars in millions)
Quarter Ended |
Average Outstanding |
Average Rate |
Percentage of Average Total Assets |
||||||||
September |
2003 | $ | 419.0 | 4.23 | % | 9.0 | % | ||||
December |
2003 | 461.1 | 4.03 | % | 9.6 | % | |||||
March |
2004 | 603.2 | 3.60 | % | 10.9 | % | |||||
June |
2004 | 706.1 | 3.37 | % | 12.6 | % | |||||
September |
2004 | 768.7 | 3.75 | % | 13.4 | % | |||||
December |
2004 | 780.0 | 3.71 | % | 13.2 | % | |||||
March |
2005 | 870.9 | 3.66 | % | 13.3 | % |
The Company uses long-term debt both to supplement other sources of funding for loan growth and as a means of mitigating the market risk incurred through the growth in fixed rate loans. One of the methods of managing interest rate risk is to match repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities. When fixed-rate assets are matched by similar term fixed-rate liabilities, the deterioration in the value of the asset when interest rates rise is offset by the benefit to the Company from holding the matching debt at lower than market rates. Most customers do not want CDs with maturities longer than a few years, but the Company can borrow funds from the FHLB at longer terms to better match the loan maturities. Also, as discussed in Securities above, the Company used advances from the FHLB to fund the purchases of securities for its leveraging strategy.
The senior note issued by Bancorp and $36 million of the subordinated notes issued by the Bank were issued in July 2001. The subordinated debt was structured to qualify as Tier 2 regulatory capital both for the Bank and for the Company. It was issued to permit continued loan growth and expansion of the RAL program at the Bank. The proceeds from the senior debt provided cash to retire some of the Companys outstanding shares, to refinance a short-term note issued in connection with an acquisition closed in 2000, and to fund some of the cash dividends for two quarters immediately following its issuance. This avoided the need to fund these dividends through dividends from the Bank which would lower its capital.
In December 2003, the Bank issued another $35 million of subordinated debt both to partially fund the acquisition of PCCI and to supplement the Banks regulatory capitallike the other subordinated debt mentioned above, it qualifies as Tier 2 capitalfor the addition of the PCCI assets.
In December 2004, another $50 million of subordinated debt was issued to supplement the Banks regulatory capital because of the growing RAL program.
The subordinated debt issued by Bancorp was assumed in connection with the March 5, 2004 PCCI acquisition. This debt is owed to the three business trust subsidiaries of Bancorp that were obtained in the PCCI acquisition and is comprised of the following: $13,750,000 owed to PCC Trust I, $6,190,000 owed to PCC Trust II, and $10,310,000 owed to PCC Trust III. Each of the three pieces of this subordinated debt will mature in 2033, but is callable by the Company in part or in total in 2008. The PCC Trust I debt has a fixed interest rate of 6.335% until 2008, after which the interest rate will float and reset quarterly at the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.25%. The PCC Trust II debt has a fixed interest rate of 6.58% until 2008, after which the interest rate will float and reset quarterly at the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.15%. The PCC Trust III debt has a fixed interest rate of 6.80% until 2008, after which the interest rate will float and reset quarterly at the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.10%.
As explained in Note 9, the Company obtained the master lease on a shopping center in which one of its branch offices is located. The payments related to the land are accounted for as an operating lease, while the payments related to the buildings are classified as a capital lease. Rather than providing for contingent adjustments based on the consumer price index, the lease provides for specific increases during its term.
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NONINTEREST REVENUE
Noninterest revenue consists of income earned other than interest. On a year-to-date basis, the largest individual component of noninterest revenue is the fees earned on tax refund transfers. About 90% of these fees are recognized in the first quarter as purchasers of this product tend to file their returns very early in the tax season. The amount recognized in the second quarter is substantially less, and virtually non-existent in the third and fourth quarters. These fees and other operating income and expense of the tax refund programs are explained below in the section titled Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer Programs. The $2.9 million gain on sale of RALs that occurred in the first quarter of 2004 and the $26.0 million gain on sale that occurred in the first quarter of 2005, are also discussed in detail in Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer Programs. They do not recur in subsequent quarters of the year because the securitization is completed prior to the end of the first quarter. There is no significance to the higher amount of gain in 2005 compared to 2004 other than that more loans were sold into the securitization in 2005 than in 2004 and that the fees on the loans sold into securitization were more in 2005 than in 2004.
Service charges on deposit accounts and trust and investment services fees are the next largest components of noninterest revenue. The fees from service charges on deposits include both monthly fees and overdraft fees. While they have increased along with the growth in deposit balances, they have not increased at the same rate. In October 2003, the Company introduced a suite of no-fee checking products. Since then, the Company has added approximately $278 million in new deposits. The balances in these new accounts exceeded expectations which has meant that there have been less overdraft fees than were anticipated. The net result is a higher balance of low-interest deposits with less fees collected. If interest rates rise as anticipated over the next several quarters, the value of the low cost deposits will offset the lack of expected fees by an even greater margin.
Management fees on trust accounts are generally based on the market value of assets under administration, most of which are equity securities. Fees increased $301,000 or 7% from the same quarter a year ago. The increase is due to new accounts.
Other service charges, commissions and fees include a variety of income items involving services provided to nondeposit customers. The total of such fees for the first quarter increased $2.0 million from the same quarter a year ago. Collection fees earned by collecting delinquent RALs for other banks were $1.3 million more than those collected in the first quarter of 2004. Debit card fees in the first quarter of 2005 increased $665,000 compared to the same quarter a year ago. These fees are the exchange fees earned by the Company as its customers use their cards at other banks ATMs or in point-of-sale merchant transactions. During 2004, the Company changed its practice of charging customers for these cards. As expected, without the charge, more customers requested cards and used them more extensively. The Company also makes ATM/Debit or store-value cards available to its RAL and RT customers. This permits them to avoid having to hold relatively large amounts of cash resulting from cashing their refund check. While no fee is charged by the Company for these cards, the exchange fees paid by the other bank or merchant are earned by the Company and included in the $665,000 above. Other significant changes include an increase in loan prepayment fees of $304,000, and a decrease of $225,000 in residential loan broker fees.
The major components of the other income category are gains or losses on sales of loans, dividends on FHLB and FRB stock, earnings on Bank-owned life insurance, and a variety of other miscellaneous items. The largest change between amounts for the first quarters of 2004 and 2005 is an increase of $590,000 gain on the sale of SBA Loans. However, this increase was offset by a decrease of $383,000 for amortization of loan servicing rights and a decrease of $209,000 in gains on sales of residential loans.
Also included in non-interest revenue are gains or losses on securities. The Company recognized $109,000 in losses in the first quarter of 2005 compared to $67,000 in losses in the same quarter of 2004.
OPERATING EXPENSE
The largest component of noninterest expense is salaries and benefits, or staff expense. Within this category are (1) actual salaries and bonuses, (2) commissions paid to sales staff, (3) payments made to contract labor to temporarily fill open positions, (4) statutory benefits like payroll taxes and workers compensation insurance, and (5) discretionary benefits like health insurance.
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Actual salaries and bonuses (including commissions and contract labor) grew approximately $3.1 million in the first quarter of 2005 compared to the same quarter of 2004. $1.0 million of the increase was due to the additional staff added in the PCCI transaction, which in 2005 were included in the Companys totals for the whole quarter.
Employee bonuses are paid from a bonus pool, the amount of which is set by the Board of Directors based on the Company meeting or exceeding its goals for net income and specific business unit goals. For most employees, the Company accrues compensation expense for the pool for employee bonuses throughout the year based on projected progress in meeting the goals. The amount accrued each quarter is adjusted as the year progresses and as it becomes clearer whether these goals will be achieved. The bonus for employees in the RAL/RT programs are primarily accrued in the first quarter. With significantly more profitability in 2005 compared to 2004, the amount accrued was increased by $750,000.
Staff size is closely monitored in relation to the growth in the Companys revenues and assets. Table 15 compares salary and benefit costs as a percentage of revenues and assets for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, and shows that salaries and benefits grew at a substantially slower rate than revenues and at a slightly slower rate than assets.
TABLE 15SALARIES AND BENEFITS AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUES AND ASSETS
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
2005 |
2004 |
|||||
Salary and benefits as a percentage of net revenues |
15.04 | % | 20.50 | % | ||
Salary and benefits as a percentage of average assets |
0.43 | % | 0.45 | % |
Equipment expense fluctuates over time as needs change, maintenance is performed, and equipment is purchased.
The Company leases rather than owns most of its premises. Many of the leases provide for annual rent adjustments, which accounts for some of the increase. The branch and office space used for the activities of the former PCCI are included in 2005 for a full quarter, and the first quarter of 2005 included the expense of the new Simi Valley branch.
The following table shows the major items of operating expense for the three-months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 that are not specifically listed in the consolidated statements of income.
TABLE 16 OPERATING EXPENSE
Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2005 |
2004 | ||||
Marketing |
$ | 1,197 | $ | 856 | ||
Professional fees |
2,661 | 1,693 | ||||
Software |
2,850 | 1,547 | ||||
Telephone |
1,579 | 1,265 | ||||
Developers Performance Fees |
1,391 | 1,900 |
Professional fees in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 is higher than in corresponding periods of 2004. The Company engaged consultants to assist it in meeting the regulatory requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act discussed in the section below titled Regulation. Companies frequently find it more cost-effective to outsource these short-term projects than to hire staff to handle these large but relatively short-term projects. The Company and its external auditors expended significant effort during the first quarter of 2005 to complete the first years process. These costs are included in this line. The Company concluded that there were two material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting that needed to be remediated. In addition, the activities of the
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former PCCI need to be included in the Sarbanes-Oxley certification for 2005, and the Companys new computer system will cause changes to procedures and controls that will need to be documented and tested for the 2005 certification. These factors lead Management to expect that professional fees will remain high for several more quarters. External audit fees are likely to remain higher because of the increase in audit work required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
The Company has recognized a core deposit intangible related to the purchase of the deposits from another financial institution in 2002 and to the deposits acquired with PCCI.
The Company is in the process of replacing its mainframe computer system with a smaller, more flexible client-server system. At the same time, the Company will be installing a new customer relationship management system. Under the provisions of GAAP, most of the expected $27-28 million cost of the new systems is being capitalized. The capitalized costs include those for hardware and for the development of software. The Company will amortize the hardware costs over the estimated useful life of the equipment. The capitalized software costs are expected to be amortized over a five-year period beginning when the Company starts to use the new system. This is anticipated to be in the second half of 2005. The Company expects some operating savings as a result of implementing the new system, but the primary reasons for the conversion were the avoidance of significant additional costs that would be necessary to remain on the current platform and to make available customer sales and service features that would be difficult and more expensive to add to the current system. Some of the software expenses related to this project are not development in nature and are currently expensed.
A common means of measuring the operating efficiency for banks is a ratio that divides the noninterest or operating expense of the bank by its net revenues. Net revenues are stated on a tax equivalent basis and represent interest income and noninterest income less interest expense. As was mentioned in the section titled Summary Results above, the Companys operating efficiency ratio for the first quarter of 2005 was 28.27% compared to 37.95% for the same quarter of 2004. Stated differently, this means that the Company required almost 10 cents less in operating expenses to earn each dollar of net revenues in the first quarter of 2005 than in the same period of 2004. These very low ratios for both years, and the very large improvement in the 2005 ratio are due to the significant increase in RAL and RT revenues. Exclusive of the RAL/RT programs, the operating efficiency ratio improved from 59.73% for the first quarter of 2004 to 57.64 for the first quarter of 2005. This represents a reduction of two cents of operating expense per dollar of net revenue. Operating expenses (the numerator of the operating efficiency ratio) increased 12.6%, while net revenues (the denominator) increased 16.7%. The reason for the higher rate of growth in net revenues is the improved economy, which helped to increase loan growth and trust fee income, and the additional net revenues from the leveraging strategy.
SEGMENT PERFORMANCE
Each of the comments below regarding changes in segment performance apply to the three month periods ended March 31, 2005 compared to the same periods of 2004 unless otherwise stated.
Community Banking
The Community Banking segment includes external revenues from customers in the form of interest earned on consumer and small business loans and fees related to deposit accounts. Intersegment revenues represent the credit for funds earned on the deposits at the Companys branches. Interest income for 2005 has increased due to the higher balances of consumer loans and higher rates. Intersegment revenue is up more substantially than interest income as deposit balances increased. Interest expense in the first quarter has also increased with the higher balances, especially because of the addition of the PCCI deposits for the whole quarter in 2005. The net result of the above changes is greater profitability in 2005 than 2004.
Commercial Banking
The Commercial Banking segment earns interest income from customers for commercial and commercial real estate loans. This interest income increased for the first quarter of 2005 compared to the first quarter of 2004 because of higher market rates and larger balances of loans. The additional income was offset by the higher cost of funds, with the net result a slight decrease in profitability.
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Refund Programs
The changes in the RAL/RT programs from 2004 to 2005 are explained in the section below titled Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer Programs.
Fiduciary
Income for the Fiduciary segment consists of fees earned from trust services and from the sale of retail investment products to customers. The fees are based on asset values and are up as equity market valuations are higher in 2005 than in 2004 and the balances under administration are higher.
Pacific Capital
Income for the Pacific Capital segment is interest income on loans to customers. This is a new segment created at a result of the acquisition of Pacific Crest Capital Inc. in March 2004. The major reason for revenues and profitability being greater in 2005 than in 2004 is that the first quarter of 2004 only represents a few weeks of operations.
All Other
Income from external customers for the All Other segment consists of interest earned on investments in the Companys treasury activities and in interest earned on loans from the Companys private banking department. With the additional investments added in the Companys leveraging program described in the section above titled Securities, the growth in loans in the Private Clients business line, and higher interest rates, income from external customers is higher in 2005 than in 2004. The changes in intersegment revenues and charges for funds are also due to the higher interest rates. The rate charged for funds for the securities and loans are higher as is the rate credited for deposits and borrowings. The increase in interest expense is due to the additional borrowings incurred to fund the leverage strategy.
INCOME TAX
Income tax expense is comprised of a current tax provision and a deferred tax provision for both Federal income tax and state franchise tax. The current tax provision recognizes an expense for what must be paid to taxing authorities for taxable income earned this year. The deferred tax provision recognizes an expense or benefit related to items of income or expense that are included in or deducted from taxable income in a period different than when the items are recognized in the financial statements under generally accepted accounting principles. Examples of such timing differences and the impact of the major items are shown in Note 15, Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Companys 2004 10-K.
With each period end, it is necessary for Management to make certain estimates and assumptions to compute the provision for income tax. Management uses the best information available to develop these estimates and assumptions, but generally some of these estimates and assumptions are revised when the Company files its tax return in the middle of the following year. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, revisions to estimates are recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the period in which they become known.
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity is the ability to raise funds on a timely basis at acceptable cost in order to meet cash needs, such as might be caused by fluctuations in deposit levels, customers credit needs, and attractive investment opportunities. The Companys objective is to maintain adequate liquidity at all times. The Company has defined and manages three types of liquidity: (1) immediate liquidity, which is the ability to raise funds today to meet todays cash obligations, (2) intermediate liquidity, which is the ability to raise funds during the next few weeks to meet cash obligations over that time period, and (3) long term liquidity, which is the ability to raise funds over the entire planning horizon to meet anticipated cash needs due to strategic balance sheet changes. Adequate liquidity is achieved by (a) holding liquid assets, (b) maintaining the ability to raise deposits or borrow funds, and (c) keeping access open to capital markets.
Immediate liquidity is provided by the prior days balance of Federal funds sold and repurchase agreements, any cash in excess of the Federal Reserve balance requirement, unused Federal funds lines from other banks, and unused repurchase
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agreement facilities with other banks or brokers. The Company maintains total sources of immediate liquidity of not less than 5% of total assets, increasing to higher targets during the RAL/RT season. At March 31, 2005, the Companys immediate liquidity was substantially in excess of the 5% target.
Sources of intermediate liquidity include maturities or sales of commercial paper and securities classified as available-for-sale, securities classified as held-to-maturity maturing within three months, term repurchase agreements, advances from the FHLB, and deposit increases from special programs. The Company projects intermediate liquidity needs and sources over the next several weeks based on historical trends, seasonal factors, and special transactions. Appropriate action is then taken to cover any anticipated unmet needs. At March 31, 2005, the Companys intermediate liquidity was adequate to meet all projected needs.
Long-term liquidity is provided by special programs to increase core deposits, reducing the size of the investment portfolios, selling or securitizing loans, and accessing capital markets. The Companys policy is to address cash needs over the entire planning horizon from actions and events such as market expansions, acquisitions, increased competition for deposits, anticipated loan demand, economic conditions and the regulatory outlook. At March 31, 2005, the Companys long term liquidity was adequate to meet cash needs anticipated over its planning horizon.
As discussed below in the section titled Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer Programs, the Company uses a securitization vehicle to sell a portion of the RALs during the first quarter. This securitization represents a significant source of liquidity for the Company for this program.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES AND COMPANY STOCK
Capital Ratios
The following table presents a comparison of several important amounts and ratios as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004.
TABLE 17CAPITAL RATIOS
(dollars in thousands)
Pacific Capital Actual |
Minimums for Capital Adequacy Purposes |
Minimums to be Well-Capitalized |
||||||||||||||||
Amount |
Ratio |
Amount |
Ratio |
Amount |
Ratio |
|||||||||||||
As of March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
Total Tier I & Tier II Capital |
$ | 599,661 | 12.8 | % | $ | 375,596 | 8.0 | % | $ | 469,495 | 10.0 | % | ||||||
Tier I Capital |
$ | 421,361 | 9.0 | % | $ | 187,798 | 4.0 | % | $ | 281,697 | 6.0 | % | ||||||
Tier I Capital |
$ | 421,361 | 6.6 | % | $ | 256,476 | 4.0 | % | $ | 320,596 | 5.0 | % | ||||||
Risk Weighted Assets |
$ | 4,694,947 | ||||||||||||||||
Average Tangible Assets for the Quarter |
$ | 6,411,911 | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
Total Tier I & Tier II Capital |
$ | 543,696 | 12.1 | % | $ | 359,472 | 8.0 | % | $ | 449,341 | 10.0 | % | ||||||
Tier I Capital |
$ | 367,487 | 8.2 | % | $ | 179,736 | 4.0 | % | $ | 269,604 | 6.0 | % | ||||||
Tier I Capital |
$ | 367,487 | 6.3 | % | $ | 232,108 | 4.0 | % | $ | 290,135 | 5.0 | % | ||||||
Risk Weighted Assets |
$ | 4,493,406 | ||||||||||||||||
Average Tangible Assets for the Quarter |
$ | 5,802,708 |
As of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Companys ratios of tangible common equity to tangible assets were 6.5% and 5.7% respectively. This ratio, common equity less goodwill and other intangibles divided by total assets less goodwill and other intangibles, is significantly impacted by the goodwill created in acquisitions. The ratio is increased by earnings retained at the Company and by the sale of additional stock. With the high level of earnings in the first quarter of 2005, the ratio has improved from the year-end ratio, but it will be adversely impacted by the goodwill created with the closing of the purchase of First Bancshares, Inc. of San Luis Obispo (FSLO) mentioned in Note 2 as well as by the additional assets acquired in the transaction. Management is researching the advisability of selling additional stock to raise the ratio. The advantage of selling additional stock would be that it would also enhance the regulatory ratios, ensuring sufficient capital should additional acquisition opportunities arise. The disadvantage is the resulting dilution in earnings per share and return on equity from the additional shares outstanding.
The operating earnings of the Bank are the largest source of capital for the Company. For reasons mentioned in various sections of this discussion, Management expects that there will be variations from quarter to quarter in operating earnings. Areas of uncertainty or seasonal variations include changes in market interest rates, asset quality, loan demand, and the tax refund loan and transfer programs. A substantial change in overall credit quality or an increase in charge-offs might require the Company to record a larger provision for loan loss to restore the allowance to an adequate level, and this would negatively impact earnings. Income from the tax refund loan and transfer programs, occurring almost entirely in the first quarter, introduces significant seasonality and causes variation in the Tier 1 leverage ratio which is based on average quarterly assets.
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Capital must be managed at both the Company and at the Bank level. The FRB sets minimum capital guidelines for U.S. banks and bank holding companies based on the relative risk of the various types of assets. The guidelines require banks to have risk-based capital equivalent to at least 8% of risk adjusted assets. To be classified as well capitalized, the Bank is required to have risk-based capital equivalent to at least 10% of risk adjusted assets.
As of March 31, 2005, the Banks total risk-based capital ratio was 13.2%, Tier 1 capital was 9.4% of risk-adjusted assets and 6.8% of average tangible assets, and its tangible common equity to tangible assets was 7.2%.
Debt Qualifying as Capital
The total risk-based capital ratio for the Company of 12.8% includes the effect of the $121 million in subordinated debt at the Bank, which qualifies as Tier 2 capital for the Bank and for the Company. As indicated in the discussion of the subordinated note in the section above titled Other Borrowings, Long-term Debt and Related Interest Expense, this debt was issued in 2001, 2003, and in 2004 to assist the Company in maintaining the required capital ratios at the Bank as its general loan portfolios and the refund loan program continued to grow and in anticipation of the additional assets that would be added with the PCCI acquisition.
The total risk-based capital ratio also includes the effect of $29.3 million in subordinated debt issued by Bancorp, which qualifies as Tier 1 capital for the Company. This debt was assumed by the Company in March 5, 2004 acquisition of PCCI and relates to the debt owed by Bancorp to the three business trusts established by PCCI.
Dividends
While the earnings of its wholly-owned subsidiaries are recognized as earnings of the Company, generally dividends must be declared and paid by the subsidiary Bank to provide Bancorp with the funds for it to pay dividends to its shareholders. As a nationally-chartered bank, the Banks ability to pay dividends is governed by Federal law and regulations. Generally banks may dividend their earnings from the last three years to their parent company. In its third year of operations since the merger of the subsidiary banksSanta Barbara Bank & Trust and First National Bank of Central California into Pacific Capital Bank, N.A. the Bank is limited to its earnings since the merger at the end of March 2002. Earnings to date in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been more than adequate to meet the cash required to maintain the current declared quarterly dividend rate of $0.20 per share.
Dividends are paid each quarter in February, May, August and November. The dividend rate is reviewed each quarter and increases are periodically authorized to stay within the Companys target range of a payout ratio of 35%-40% of net income The quarterly dividend rate, adjusted for the 2nd quarter 2004 stock split, was increased to $0.17 per share for the first quarter of 2004, increased to $0.18 per share in the third quarter of 2004, and increased to $0.20 per share for the second quarter of 2005.
Share Repurchases
During 2002, adjusted for the second quarter 2004 stock split, approximately 992,000 shares were repurchased at an average price of $18.30 per share for a total of $18.2 million. During the first nine months of 2003, approximately 1.18 million shares were repurchased at an average price of $23.93 per share for a total of $28.1 million. Under the most recent authorization, as of March 31, 2004, the Company had repurchased approximately 43,000 shares at an average price of $25.08 per share for a total price of $1.1 million. Due to the anticipated capital requirements of the Companys acquisition of Pacific Crest Capital, the Company stopped repurchasing shares in August 2003. As discussed above, the purchase of FSLO will put additional demands on capital. Combined with the stronger loan demand in the last few quarters, this leads Management to anticipate that its share repurchase activity will be no more than modest in the foreseeable future.
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Other Capital Disclosures
There are no material commitments for capital expenditures or off-balance sheet financing arrangements planned at this time. The $18.9 million amount authorized for share repurchases and those commitments reported in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements is not a commitment, and there is no specified time within which the share repurchases must be accomplished.
As the Company pursues its stated plan to expand beyond its current market areas, Management will consider opportunities to form strategic partnerships with other financial institutions that have compatible management philosophies and corporate cultures and that share the Companys commitment to superior customer service and community support. Such transactions will be accounted for as a purchase of the other institution by the Company. To the extent that consideration is paid in cash rather than Company stock, the assets of the Company would increase by more than its equity and therefore the ratio of capital to assets would decrease. Therefore, depending on the size of the other institution, additional capital might have to be raised or some portion of the purchase consideration be paid in stock. In addition, depending on the size of the institution acquired, Bancorp might be required to borrow funds for the cash consideration.
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
The Company is closely regulated by Federal and State agencies. The Company and its subsidiaries may only engage in lines of business that have been approved by their respective regulators and cannot open or close branch offices without their approval. The content of the disclosure of the terms and conditions of loans made to customers and deposits accepted from customers are both heavily regulated. The Bank is required by the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) to make significant efforts to ensure that access to banking services is available to all members of the communities served.
As a bank holding company, Bancorp is primarily regulated by the FRB. As a nationally-chartered member bank of the Federal Reserve System, the Banks primary Federal regulator is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). Both of these regulatory agencies conduct periodic examinations of the Company and/or its subsidiaries to ascertain their compliance with laws, regulations, and safe and sound banking practices.
The regulatory agencies may take action against bank holding companies and banks should they fail to maintain adequate capital or to comply with specific laws and regulations. Such action could take the form of restrictions on the payment of dividends to shareholders, requirements to obtain more capital from investors, or restrictions on operations. The Company and the Bank have the highest capital classification, well capitalized, given by the regulatory agencies and therefore are not subject to any of these restrictions. Management expects the Company and the Bank to continue to be classified as well capitalized in the future.
While financial institutions have long been required by regulation to report large cash transactions to assist in preventing money laundering activities, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and subsequent implementing regulations have imposed significant additional reporting requirements to limit the access to funds by terrorists. The Company, along with all other financial institutions, must not only report cash transactions above a certain threshold, it must now report activities deemed by the banking regulators to be suspicious. To comply with this new level of reporting requirement, the Company has installed new rule-based software to detect suspicious activity. The Company has also implemented enhanced customer identification procedures as well as processes for detecting and reporting suspicious activity. It has provided new training for its employees in how to confirm whether the suspicious activity detected is in fact questionable or whether it represents the normal business activity for the specific customer.
Provisions in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 require each public company to include certifications signed by its chief executive officer and chief financial officer in their periodic reportings to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Companies independent auditors were required to evaluate managements assertion in 2004 annual reports relating to the effectiveness of the companys disclosure controls in ensuring financial reporting that appropriately reflect the companys financial condition and results of operations. This requirement is expected to continue to significantly increase professional and audit fees as companies seek assistance from consultants in documenting their disclosure controls and as the auditors spend more time testing the effectiveness of those controls.
Concerns about consumer financial privacy have grown in recent years. In response to these concerns Congress and the Federal banking agencies have adopted new laws and regulations and reemphasized existing laws and regulations. On June 1, 2000, the Federal banking agencies jointly released final regulations implementing the consumer privacy protection rules
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mandated by Section 504 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act). The GLB Act imposes certain notice requirements and restrictions on a financial institutions ability to disclose nonpublic personal information about consumers to affiliates and nonaffiliated third parties. While the Company has always made the privacy and protection of customer information a priority, it has responded to the new laws, and any customer concerns, by enhancing both its systems and manual processes. There has been a significant investment in electronic data security measures along with manual processes to safeguard customer information.
REFUND ANTICIPATION LOAN AND REFUND TRANSFER PROGRAMS
Since 1992, the Company has extended RALs to taxpayers who have filed their returns electronically with the IRS and do not want to wait for the IRS to send them their refund check. The Company earns a fixed fee per loan for advancing the funds rather than by applying an interest rate to the balance for the time the loan is outstanding. Nonetheless, the fees are required by GAAP to be classified as interest income. The Company also provides refund transfers to customers who do not want or do not qualify for loans. The transfer product facilitates the receipt of the refund by the customer by authorizing the customers tax preparer to print a check for the customer after the refund has been received by the Company from the IRS. Fees for this service are included in non-interest income among other service charges, commissions, and fees. Because of the mid-April tax filing deadline, almost all of the loans and transfers are made and repaid during the first quarter of the year.
If a taxpayer meets the Companys credit criteria for the refund loan product, and wishes to receive a loan with the refund as security, the taxpayer applies for and receives an advance less the transaction fees, which are considered finance charges. The Company is repaid directly by the IRS and then remits any refund amount over the amount of the loan to the taxpayer.
Congress has given the IRS a mandate to increase the number of returns that are filed electronically in order to reduce IRS processing and storage costs. Greater use of the refund loan and transfer programs helps the IRS to meet this mandate because these programs require the return to be filed electronically.
The Companys volume of RAL and RT transactions has increased significantly over the last several years. As recently as 1998, the Company processed approximately 650,000 transactions. In 2002, it processed approximately 3.8 million transactions and processed approximately 4.6 million transactions in 2003. The total transaction volume increased in 2004 to approximately 5.1 million, with 4.6 million in the first quarter. Through the first quarter of 2005, the Company processed 5.1 million transactions, 30% of which were RALs and 70% RTs.
While the Company is one of very few financial institutions in the country which operate these electronic loan and transfer programs, the electronic processing of payments involved in these programs is similar to other payment processing regularly done by the Company and other commercial banks for their customers such as direct deposits and electronic bill paying. The refund loan and transfer programs have significant impacts on the Companys activities and results of operations during the first quarters of each year. While not quite as pronounced, these impacts are still significant to the second quarter. The impacts are not significant to the third and fourth quarter results of operations, but are still significant to the year-to-date results at September 30 and to the year as a whole at December 31. These impacts and other details of the programs are discussed in the following nine subsections.
Seasonality Impact on Earnings:
Because the programs relate to the filing of income tax returns, activity is concentrated in each year, specifically in the period from late January through February. This causes first quarter net income to represent a disproportionate share of each years net income. For 2002, the first quarters net income was 37% of the net income for the year. In 2003, the first quarters net income was 46% of the net income for the year and 48% of 2004s net income was recognized in the first quarter. Based on Managements current estimates for 2005 and the very strong results for the RAL/RT programs, net income for the first quarter is likely to represent 50%-55% of the years net income.
This seasonality significantly impacts a number of performance ratios, including ROA, ROE and the operating efficiency ratio. These impacts are apparent in both the first quarter of each year and the year-to-date ratios in subsequent quarters. As indicated above, the Company provides computations of these ratios without the impact of RAL and RT income and the
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related direct expenses for better comparability of the traditional banking activities with peer ratios. The reconciling computations are found in Tables 20-24 in Note E to this discussion.
Funding Sources:
The Company borrows substantial funds during the first quarter to lend to RAL customers. With the exception of the use of uncommitted overnight funds, the shorter-term funding sources are more expensive because the lender needs to recover its costs over the shorter period of time. Consequently fees must usually be paid in addition to daily interest, and the cost to the Company is greater than the typical deposit sources used to fund other loans.
As the RAL program has increased in loan volume, the Company has had to use more sophisticated funding arrangements.
The various funding arrangements that have been used over the last five years as the programs grew significantly are discussed in the Tax Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer Programs section of Managements Discussion and Analysis in the 2004 10-K.
For 2005, the Company used the same sources as in 2004, but used a larger securitization$1.0 billion compared to $500 million in 2004. This was done to address the impact on the capital ratios from the anticipated growth in the number of loans.
Fees for Services:
The Company does not market these products directly to consumers. Instead, the Company markets to electronic filers and groups of tax preparers. The electronic filers are companies that have developed software for use by tax preparers or individuals for the preparation of tax returns. The fees for RALs and RTs vary depending on the contracts with the electronic filers and tax preparers. Taxpayers are provided with a statement of the fees for the two products as well as an explanation of other means by which they may receive their tax refund. In the case of the RALs, an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) computation for the loan based on an estimate of the time that the loan will be outstanding is also provided. If payment by the IRS is delayed past the estimated term, the customers fee does not change.
The fees for the RAL product are higher than the fees for the RT product because of the credit risk addressed in the section below titled, Credit Losses and to cover the funding costs mentioned above. There are no credits or funding costs associated with RTs because the Company does not authorize a check to be prepared for the taxpayer until after the refund has been received by the Company from the IRS.
Risks Associated with the Program:
There are risks related to the programs related to credit, the availability of sufficient funding at reasonable rates, risks associated with the IRS, litigation, and regulatory or legislative risk.
The Companys liquidity risk is increased during the first quarter due to the RAL program. The Company has committed to the electronic filers and tax preparers that it will make RALs available to their customers under the terms of its contracts with them. This requires the Company to develop sufficient sources of liquidity to fund these loans. As mentioned above, the sources of this funding are described in detail in the 2004 10-K. Some of the sources are committed lines and some are uncommitted. In the case of uncommitted sources, the Company arranges for approximately twice the amount expected to be needed to ensure an adequate amount is available.
As discussed in Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, of the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is currently involved in three lawsuits related to the RAL program. The Company does not expect that these suits will have any material adverse impact on its financial condition or operating results.
Concern has been expressed by consumer advocates regarding the high APR for the loans and they have exerted pressure on state legislatures and regulators to prohibit RALs or limit the amount of the fee that may be charged. The APR is relatively high compared to other consumer loans because they are outstanding for a short time. These loans are not rolled over or
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renewed. When the fee is annualized in the APR computation, the result is a relatively high APR. It is Managements position that the amount of the fee is reasonable given the credit risk, the funding costs, and processing expense. From the Companys point of view, the high APR is the result of the fact that the Company cannot recover the costs of the loan over a longer period of time through periodic interest charges as is done with other lending products (Note J).
Accounting for the RAL Securitization:
The securitization arrangements used for funding involve a true sale of the loans into the securitization vehicle. Under the terms of the securitization, the loans are sold for their face amount less a discount representing the Companys retained interest in the loans. There are fees associated with the securitization that the Company is charged based on the size of the commitment to purchase and how much of the commitment is utilized. Any of the loans sold into the securitization that are not paid by the IRS are charged against the Companys retained portion until that amount is exhausted. Losses on defaulted loans in excess of the discount would be recognized by the securitization purchasers. The loans sold into the securitization and the fees associated with them are not included in Tables 2 or 3.
Normally, the securitization of loans impacts the timing of the recognition of income. That is, income from the loans may be recognized by the seller in different periods than it would be if the loans were not sold. Typically, a gain on sale is recognized at the time of sale. This gain represents the difference between the interest rate on the loan and lower interest rate that is paid to the securitization purchaser. Because this difference is recognized at the time of the sale of the loans into the securitization, it accelerates income recognition. However, in the case of the RAL securitization, because it is initiated and closed within the same quarter, and because the RALs sold would have been made and paid-off within the same quarter, there is no acceleration of income, and the amounts of income and expense are the same as they would be if the loans were not sold. With the exception of the commitment and utilization fees charged to the Company, the only accounting impact from securitizing a portion of the RALs is to change the category on the income statement where the operating results are reported. All of the cash flows associated with the RALs sold to the Companys securitization partners were reported net as a gain on sale of loans. This gain account is reported as a separate line on the statements of income as noninterest revenue. The cash flows associated with these RALs are the fee income received from the customer, the interest expense paid to fund the loans, and the credit cost for defaulted loans.
The default rate of the loans is unaffected by whether they are sold, and in both years, defaulted loans were less than the Companys retained interest, so the only impact of the securitization on defaulted loans is to reclassify the loss from provision expense to an offset against the gain on sale.
The following table summarizes the components of the gain on sale of RAL loans for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004.
TABLE 18RAL GAIN ON SALE SUMMARY
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2005 |
2004 |
||||||
RAL fees |
$ | 39,310 | $ | 5,920 | ||||
Fees paid to investor |
(1,082 | ) | (162 | ) | ||||
Commitment fees paid |
(1,250 | ) | (678 | ) | ||||
Credit losses |
(10,955 | ) | (2,135 | ) | ||||
Net gain on sale of RAL loans |
$ | 26,023 | $ | 2,945 | ||||
The gain on the securitization was much larger in 2005 than in 2004 for the following reasons: First, the capacity of the securitization in 2005 was twice the size of 2004, $1 billion vs. $500 million. Second, in 2004, the Company sold $491 million into the securitization and then paid off the securitization as the underlying loans were paid. In 2005, as payments were received, new loans were sold into the securitization, resulting in almost $1.5 billion in loans being sold. Lastly, the change in the Companys contract with Jackson Hewitt discussed below meant that the fees received on the Jackson Hewitt loans sold into the securitization in 2005 were substantially greater than the fees on Jackson Hewitt loans sold in 2004. The change in the contract also caused credit losses to be higher than in the first quarter of 2004.
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Summary of Operating Results
The following table summarizes operating results for the RAL and RT programs for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004.
TABLE 19OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE RAL AND RT PROGRAMS
(dollars in thousands) | For the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, |
|||||||
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||
Interest income from RALs |
$ | 62,375 | $ | 35,094 | ||||
Interest expense on funding |
(1,884 | ) | (735 | ) | ||||
Intersegment revenues |
5,627 | 3,823 | ||||||
Internal charge for funds |
(2,855 | ) | | |||||
Net interest income |
63,263 | 38,182 | ||||||
Provision for credit lossesRALs |
(37,527 | ) | (8,954 | ) | ||||
Refund transfer fees |
20,821 | 17,715 | ||||||
Collection Fees |
4,622 | 2,916 | ||||||
Gain on sale of loans |
26,023 | 2,945 | ||||||
Operating expense |
(8,958 | ) | (7,555 | ) | ||||
Income before taxes |
$ | 68,244 | $ | 45,249 | ||||
Charge-offs |
$ | 33,431 | $ | 10,270 | ||||
Recoveries |
(4,107 | ) | (2,954 | ) | ||||
Net charge-offs |
$ | 29,324 | $ | 7,316 | ||||
The most obvious differences between operating results for the first quarters of 2005 and 2004 are the large increases in RAL interest income, provision expense, and the gain on sale of loans. The Company experienced an 11% increase in the volume of RALs originated during the first quarter of 2005 compared to the first quarter of 2004. However, the primary reason for these changes relates to a change in the contract between the Company and one of the tax preparer groups that is a major source of RALs. In May 2004, the Company and Jackson Hewitt Tax Services (JHTS) renegotiated their contract. In prior years, JHTS (and its predecessor) was responsible for the first two and a half percent of total credit losses on the loans originated through JHTS. Losses in excess of that amount would be shared by the Company and JHTS. With JHTS assuming the credit risk, JHTS received most of the fee paid by the customer for the RAL. Under the terms of the new contract, the Company assumes virtually all of the credit risk and retains most of the RAL fee. This accounts for most of the increase in revenues above the 11% growth in volume. Whereas in prior years the provision expense related only to loans made through preparers other than JHTS, in 2005 the Company had to provide for losses on the approximately 933,000 loans originated through JHTS. This accounts for the substantial increase in provision expense. As noted in the section above titled Accounting for the RAL Securitization, the change in the contract also impacted the gain on sale. The increase in the loan fees increased the gain, while the assumption of the losses on JHTS loans resulted in more credit exposure for loans securitized in previous years there were no credit losses for JHTS loans sold.
Credit Losses
There is a higher credit risk associated with refund loans than with other types of loans because (1) the Company does not have personal contact with the customers of this product; (2) the customers conduct no business with the Company other than
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this once-a-year transaction; and (3) contact subsequent to the payment of the advance, if there is a problem with the tax return, may be difficult because many of these taxpayers have no permanent address.
Credit risk is lowered because of the debt indicator provided by the IRS. This electronic signal indicates whether the IRS or other Federal agencies have placed liens against the taxpayers refund because of amounts owed for past taxes, delinquent student loans, etc. Nonetheless, the charge-off rate for RALs still remains approximately two or three times as high as for the rest of the Companys loan portfolios.
Credit risk arises from denial by the IRS of some or all of the amount claimed as a refund by the taxpayer. Credit risk is managed by the acceptance criteria set by the Company, the use of the debt indicator supplied by the IRS, and supplemented by the use of credit reports. A proportion of loans charged-off each year are collected in subsequent years. When the customer applies for a loan or transfer the following year, any charged-off amount from the prior year(s) is deducted from the amount of the current loan proceeds or transfer amount as permitted by the terms of the original loan agreement.
For many of the taxpayers wishing to use this product, a major portion of the refund is due to eligibility for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EIC). Such returns are subject to more scrutiny by the IRS than refunds that are primarily based on excess withholding. Each year the IRS reviews many of these EIC returns as part of its revenue protection program. Such review can cause a delay in payment of a loan made on the return. Such delays reduce the profitability of the program because while there is no interest charged for the time the loan is outstanding, when the Company loans money to a borrower, it has to fund the loan either through deposits or through borrowing the funds from another bank or in the capital markets. The Company pays interest on those deposits or borrowings until it received the refund from the IRS.
The usefulness of the debt indicator is dependent on the IRS having received data from other Federal agencies on liens to which the refunds are subject.
Approximately 103 basis points of the RALs were charged-off in 2004. The Company anticipates charge-offs for 2005 will eventually be approximately 110 to 120 basis points.
Estimation of Loss on First Quarter Loans: The Company estimated the loans outstanding at March 31, 2005 that would not be paid by the IRS. As in prior years, the estimate was prepared by computing the loans from each weekly origination cycle during the first quarter of the prior year that were not paid by year-end. These percentages are then applied to the corresponding origination cycle in the current year to estimate loans not likely to be received. An allowance for credit loss at March 31, 2005 was established in the amount of this estimate. The amount of this allowance is larger at March 31, 2005 than at March 31, 2004 because there are more loans outstanding in 2005 and because the Company has credit loss exposure on the JHTS loans at March 31, 2005 but did not at March 31, 2004.
There is no credit risk associated with the refund transfers because checks are issued only after receipt of the refund payment from the IRS.
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Expectations for the Remainder of 2005
In the second quarter, the Company will process another approximately 500,000 transactions. Almost all of these will be RTs. The Company will recognize virtually all of the remaining RAL interest revenue to be recognized as most of the remaining loans at March 31 and the few second quarter RALs are collected. For the loans unpaid at June 30, the Company will charge off any deemed uncollectible and prepare an estimate for the remainder of those sufficiently unlikely to be paid that an allowance needs to be maintained.
Before the season began in January, it was anticipated that a larger proportion of the pre-tax income would be recognized in the second quarter of 2005 than was the case in prior years. This was anticipated because of the change in the JHTS contract. With provision expense recognized as loans are made and income recognized when received, for those loans still outstanding at March 31, it was thought that the larger fees and provision expense being recognized in different quarters would have the effect of shifting pre-tax income from the first to the second quarter compared to prior years. This did not occur as the additional loans outstanding at March 31 were not large enough to represent a significant amount of deferred fees. It is now anticipated that the first quarter represented approximately 110% of the pre-tax income for the programs, that the second quarter will earn approximately $4-5 million in pre-tax income, and that third and fourth quarters will run losses as expenses for salaries, occupancy, legal, marketing, data processing, etc. exceed the small amounts of revenue recognized for collected loans.
In the fourth quarter, the Company will charge-off any remaining loans against the allowance and have provision expense for any excess of loans over the allowance or a negative provision for any excess of allowance over remaining loans.
Expectations for 2005 and Subsequent Years
The Company expects that volumes for the RAL and RT programs will continue to expand, probably in the high single digit range. No significant changes to operating results like the change in the JHTS contract are expected.
NOTES TO MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Note AThe Company does not generally allocate equity to different product lines, except for the RAL/RT activities. In banking, there are many accepted methodologies for allocating capital to business lines, methodologies based on risk, on regulatory capital rules, on what would be demanded in the market to obtain debt funding, etc. These allocation methodologies result in significantly different capital allocations when applied to the RAL/RT activities. Given that the Company is more interested in determining the ROE for the core bank activities than it is in determining what the ROE is for the RAL/RT activities, allocation is more an issue of how much of total capital should be allocated to the remainder of the Company than it is an issue of how much to allocate to the RAL/RT activities. Consequently, for computing the ROE for the Company without the impact of the RAL/RT programs, we have simply excluded the RAL/RT earnings, net of taxes and a proportionate share of dividends paid to shareholders. The difference in ROE for the first quarter of 2005 compared to the first quarter of 2004 for non-RAL/RT activities is lower than the difference in total ROE because the numerator of the non-RAL/RT ratio changed 12.38% compared to 23.49% for the whole Company.
Note BFor Table 2, the yield on tax-exempt state and municipal securities and loans has been computed on a tax equivalent basis. To compute the tax equivalent yield for these securities and loans one must first add to the actual interest earned an amount such that if the resulting total were fully taxed (at the Companys incremental tax rate of 42.05%), the after-tax income would be equivalent to the actual tax-exempt income. This tax equivalent income is then divided by the average balance to obtain the tax equivalent yield. The dollar amount of the adjustment is shown at the bottom of Table 2 as Tax equivalent income included in interest income from non-taxable securities and loans.
Note CTo obtain information on the performance ratios for peer banks, the Company primarily uses The FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile, published by the FDIC Division of Research and Statistics. This publication provides information about all FDIC insured banks and certain subsets based on size and geographical location. Geographically, the Company is included in a subset that includes 12 Western States plus the Pacific Islands. By asset size, the Company is included in the group of financial institutions with total assets from $1-10 billion. The information in this publication is based on year-to-date information provided by banks each quarter. It takes about 2-3 months to process the information. Therefore, the published
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data is always one quarter behind the Companys information. For this quarter, the peer information is for the fourth quarter of 2004. All peer information in this discussion and analysis is reported in or has been derived from information reported in this publication.
Note DMost of the loans or transfers are paid to the taxpayer by means of a cashiers check issued by the tax preparer. The Company records the check as a deposit liability when it is issued and then removes the check from the deposit totals when it is paid by the Company.
Note EThe five tables below, Tables 20-24, show the balances and amounts of income and expense line items that are excluded or included in computing the without RAL, without RAL/RT, or the FTE adjusted amounts and ratios disclosed in various sections of Managements Discussion and Analysis:
TABLE 20RAL AMOUNTS USED IN COMPUTATION OF NET INTEREST MARGIN EXCLUSIVE OF RALs
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
|||||||||||||
Average consumer loans |
$ | 1,059,543 | $ | 528,533 | $ | 531,010 | $ | 813,018 | $ | 384,967 | $ | 428,051 | |||||||
Average loans |
4,622,400 | 528,533 | 4,093,867 | 3,709,995 | 384,967 | 3,325,028 | |||||||||||||
Average total assets |
6,532,852 | 935,381 | 5,597,471 | 5,537,781 | 695,449 | 4,842,332 | |||||||||||||
Average earning assets |
6,131,171 | 615,343 | 5,515,828 | 5,197,838 | 583,639 | 4,614,199 | |||||||||||||
Average certificates of deposit |
1,562,145 | 51,527 | 1,510,618 | 3,124,826 | 42,187 | 3,082,639 | |||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased |
179,342 | 174,675 | 4,667 | 182,555 | 351,633 | (169,078 | ) | ||||||||||||
FHLB advances & Other LT Debt |
870,892 | 50,000 | 820,892 | 603,230 | | 603,230 | |||||||||||||
Average interest bearing liabilities |
4,645,670 | 276,202 | 4,369,468 | 3,933,178 | 393,820 | 3,539,358 | |||||||||||||
Average Equity |
474,422 | 131,619 | 342,803 | 406,365 | 64,819 | 341,546 | |||||||||||||
Consumer loans interest income |
71,974 | 61,971 | 10,003 | 42,851 | 34,945 | 7,906 | |||||||||||||
Loan interest income |
129,004 | 61,971 | 67,033 | 86,624 | 34,945 | 51,679 | |||||||||||||
Interest income |
145,266 | 62,375 | 82,891 | 100,765 | 35,094 | 65,671 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense |
22,883 | 1,884 | 20,999 | 14,897 | 735 | 14,162 | |||||||||||||
Net interest income |
122,383 | 60,491 | 61,892 | 85,868 | 34,359 | 51,509 | |||||||||||||
Tax equivalent adjustment |
1,592 | | 1,592 | 1,607 | | 1,607 |
TABLE 21CALCULATION OF RATIOS OF NET CHARGE-OFFS INCLUDING AND EXCLUDING RALs
(dollars in thousands) | 2005 YTD Annualized |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||||||||||
Total Including RALs |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net charge-offs |
$ | 36,996 | $ | 13,525 | $ | 22,557 | $ | 14,778 | $ | 12,924 | ||||||||||
Average loans |
$ | 4,622,400 | $ | 3,804,869 | $ | 3,151,328 | $ | 2,942,082 | $ | 2,678,225 | ||||||||||
Ratio |
3.25 | % | 0.36 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.48 | % | ||||||||||
Total Excluding RALs |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net charge-offs |
$ | 7,672 | $ | 5,057 | $ | 14,027 | $ | 12,673 | $ | 8,730 | ||||||||||
Average loans |
$ | 4,093,867 | $ | 3,702,100 | $ | 3,029,669 | $ | 2,874,091 | $ | 2,619,325 | ||||||||||
Ratio |
0.76 | % | 0.14 | % | 0.46 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.33 | % | ||||||||||
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TABLE 22RECONCILIATION OF OTHER AMOUNTS WITH AND WITHOUT RAL/RT AMOUNTS
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
|||||||||||||
Other service charges, commissions and fees |
$ | 7,857 | $ | 4,622 | $ | 3,235 | $ | 5,824 | $ | 2,916 | $ | 2,908 | |||||||
Noninterest revenue |
65,158 | 51,467 | 13,691 | 36,621 | 23,576 | 13,045 | |||||||||||||
Operating expense |
53,508 | 8,959 | 44,549 | 47,116 | 7,555 | 39,561 | |||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
39,012 | 37,527 | 1,485 | 7,584 | 8,954 | (1,370 | ) | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
95,021 | 65,472 | 29,549 | 67,789 | 41,426 | 26,363 | |||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
35,615 | 27,531 | 8,084 | 25,198 | 17,420 | 7,778 | |||||||||||||
Net Income |
59,406 | 37,941 | 21,465 | 42,591 | 24,006 | 18,585 |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2004 |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2003 |
||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
|||||||||||||||
Other service charges, commissions and fees |
$ | 3,816 | $ | 474 | $ | 3,342 | $ | 4,518 | $ | 1,161 | $ | 3,357 | |||||||||
Noninterest revenue |
11,241 | 659 | 10,582 | 13,626 | 1,390 | 12,236 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expense |
43,349 | 2,177 | 41,172 | 37,618 | 1,442 | 36,176 | |||||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
2,740 | | 2,740 | (2,653 | ) | 1,635 | (4,288 | ) | |||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
23,311 | (1,486 | ) | 24,797 | 20,268 | 1,608 | 18,660 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
8,752 | (625 | ) | 9,377 | 7,011 | 676 | 6,335 | ||||||||||||||
Net Income |
14,559 | (861 | ) | 15,420 | 13,257 | 932 | 12,325 |
70
Three Months Ended June 30, 2004 |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2003 |
|||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
||||||||||||||
Other service charges, commissions and fees |
$ | 3,847 | $ | 576 | $ | 3,271 | $ | 3,487 | $ | 647 | $ | 2,840 | ||||||||
Noninterest revenue |
15,380 | 3,673 | 11,707 | 15,137 | 3,721 | 11,416 | ||||||||||||||
Operating expense |
44,043 | 2,615 | 41,428 | 38,499 | 1,575 | 36,924 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for credit losses |
737 | | 737 | 2,635 | 3,934 | (1,299 | ) | |||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
26,033 | 2,303 | 23,730 | 20,953 | (237 | ) | 21,190 | |||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
9,486 | 968 | 8,518 | 7,554 | (100 | ) | 7,654 | |||||||||||||
Net Income |
16,547 | 1,335 | 15,212 | 13,399 | (137 | ) | 13,536 |
TABLE 23FTE AMOUNTS USED IN COMPUTATION OF NET INTERST MARGIN AND OPERATING EFFICIENCY RATIO
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Consolidated |
FTE Adjustment |
Including FTE Adjustment |
Consolidated |
FTE Adjustment |
Including FTE Adjustment | ||||||||||||
Loan income |
$ | 129,004 | $ | 138 | $ | 129,142 | $ | 86,624 | $ | 104 | $ | 86,728 | ||||||
Loan income excluding RAL/RT activities |
67,033 | 138 | 67,171 | 51,679 | 104 | 51,783 | ||||||||||||
Securities income |
$ | 16,012 | $ | 1,454 | $ | 17,466 | $ | 13,660 | $ | 1,503 | $ | 15,163 | ||||||
Securities income excluding RAL/RT activities |
16,012 | 1,454 | 17,466 | 13,660 | 1,503 | 15,163 | ||||||||||||
Net interest income |
$ | 122,383 | $ | 1,592 | $ | 123,975 | $ | 85,868 | $ | 1,607 | $ | 87,475 | ||||||
Net interest income excluding RAL/RT activities |
61,892 | 1,592 | 63,484 | 51,509 | 1,607 | 53,116 |
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TABLE 24AMOUNTS USED IN COMPUTATION OF RATIOS IN ASSET QUALITY TABLE 9
As of or for the quarter-ended March 31, 2005 | ||||||||||
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT | ||||||||
Nonperforming loans |
$ | 25,043 | $ | | $ | 25,043 | ||||
Potential problem loans |
86,384 | | 86,384 | |||||||
Total loans |
4,220,555 | 68,548 | 4,152,007 | |||||||
Nonperforming assets |
27,953 | | 27,953 | |||||||
Total assets |
6,181,827 | 416,115 | 5,765,712 | |||||||
Provision for credit loss |
39,012 | 37,527 | 1,485 | |||||||
Charge-offs |
43,151 | 33,431 | 9,720 | |||||||
Recoveries |
6,155 | 4,107 | 2,048 | |||||||
Allowance for credit loss |
55,993 | 8,203 | 47,790 | |||||||
As of or for the quarter-ended December 31, 2004 | ||||||||||
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT | ||||||||
Nonperforming loans |
$ | 22,521 | $ | | $ | 22,521 | ||||
Potential problem loans |
90,785 | | 90,785 | |||||||
Total loans |
4,062,294 | | 4,062,294 | |||||||
Nonperforming assets |
25,431 | | 25,431 | |||||||
Total assets |
6,024,785 | 133,511 | 5,891,274 | |||||||
Provision for credit loss |
1,748 | (486 | ) | 2,234 | ||||||
Charge-offs |
2,576 | | 2,576 | |||||||
Recoveries |
3,639 | 197 | 3,442 | |||||||
Allowance for credit loss |
53,977 | | 53,977 | |||||||
As of or for the quarter-ended September 30, 2004 | ||||||||||
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT | ||||||||
Nonperforming loans |
$ | 24,146 | $ | | $ | 24,146 | ||||
Potential problem loans |
102,452 | 1,412 | 101,040 | |||||||
Total loans |
3,917,945 | 1,412 | 3,916,533 | |||||||
Nonperforming assets |
27,056 | | 27,056 | |||||||
Total assets |
5,805,040 | 65,034 | 5,740,006 | |||||||
Provision for credit loss |
2,740 | | 2,740 | |||||||
Charge-offs |
2,514 | | 2,514 | |||||||
Recoveries |
3,567 | 1 | 3,566 | |||||||
Allowance for credit loss |
52,169 | 289 | 51,880 |
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As of or for the quarter-ended June 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
||||||||
Nonperforming loans |
$ | 23,609 | $ | | $ | 23,609 | ||||
Potential problem loans |
98,979 | 2,989 | 95,990 | |||||||
Total loans |
3,740,878 | 2,989 | 3,737,889 | |||||||
Nonperforming assets |
26,519 | | 26,519 | |||||||
Total assets |
5,684,329 | 70,304 | 5,614,025 | |||||||
Provision for credit loss |
737 | | 737 | |||||||
Charge-offs |
7,859 | 2,241 | 5,618 | |||||||
Recoveries |
2,252 | 891 | 1,361 | |||||||
Allowance for credit loss |
48,376 | 288 | 48,088 | |||||||
As of or for the quarter-ended March 31, 2004 |
||||||||||
Consolidated |
RAL/RT |
Excluding RAL/RT |
||||||||
Nonperforming loans |
$ | 35,267 | $ | | $ | 35,267 | ||||
Potential problem loans |
78,026 | | 78,026 | |||||||
Total loans |
3,694,167 | 52,106 | 3,642,061 | |||||||
Nonperforming assets |
35,267 | | 35,267 | |||||||
Total assets |
5,629,675 | 344,064 | 5,285,611 | |||||||
Provision for credit loss |
7,584 | 8,954 | (1,370 | ) | ||||||
Charge-offs |
15,323 | 10,270 | 5,053 | |||||||
Recoveries |
5,289 | 2,954 | 2,335 | |||||||
Allowance for credit loss |
53,246 | 1,638 | 51,608 |
Note FGenerally, interest income earned on loans is a function of the outstanding balance multiplied by the rate specified in the loan agreement. For RALs, however, the interest income is unrelated to the length of time the loan is outstanding and there is no explicit interest rate. The flat fee charged is instead simply recognized as income when the loan is collected from the IRS. Because relatively few RALs are made during the subsequent quarters each year, the average balance of RALs in these quarters is primarily related to the speed of payment by the IRS of loans made in the first quarter and also related to when during the quarter delinquent loans are charged-off.
Note GMarket interest rates available for financial instruments may be plotted on a graph by their maturities, with the rates on the Y-axis (vertical) and maturities on the X-axis (horizontal). The line that connects the points will normally be a curve sloping up to the right because generally short term instruments have lower rates and long term instruments have higher rates. Based on expectations in the markets with respect to interest rate changes, the shape and slope of the curve will change. When there is a wider divergence between short term and long term rates, the slope will become steeper. When there is a narrower difference between short term and long term rates, the slope will become flatter. Occasionally, the slope (or a portion of the slope) inverts and short-term rates are actually higher than long term rates.
Note HIn fact, because consumer and small business loans including leasing loans are generally charged-off as soon as they become 120 days delinquent, they will frequently migrate directly from a pass or grade 7 classification to loss without appearing as nonaccrual from a reporting standpoint, simply because there is only a one in three chance that a quarter-end will occur while they are in nonaccrual status.
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Note IThe net interest margin for the fourth quarter is reported as 4.31%. However, this ratio is adversely impacted by a reclassification of salary expense and interest on loans. The Company recognized that it had not been deferring sufficient origination costs for loans. Its analysis showed that the amount not deferred for any prior quarter because the increased pretax income resulting from the deferral of additional amounts would be offset by the reduction of pretax income resulting from the amortization of the additional deferred expenses against interest income from loans. With the amounts immaterial to each quarter of 2004, the Company simply reduced salary expense for the fourth quarter for the additional deferral for all of 2004, ($2.9 million) and reduced interest income for the additional amortization by the same amount. While not impacting pretax income, this reclassification impacted the net interest margin. Had only one fourth of the total been reclassified in the fourth quarter, the net interest margin would have been 4.47%.
Note JTo understand what appears to be a high APR for RALs, it may help to see the credit cost of the average RAL expressed as an APR. The average RAL is approximately $3,000. For 2004, the Company charged-off an average of about 103 basis points. 103 basis points for an average loan would be $30.90. Expressed as an APR, the $30.90 would be 37.6%. Funding and processing costs are incurred in addition to the credit costs.
Note KIn the interest rate environment at March 31, 2004, some assets and liabilities were earning less than 2% and could not have their interest rates decreased by 200 basis points. For purposes of the shock analysis reported in Table 4, their rates were reduced to 0%.
Note LCaps are limits as to how much the interest rate can rise and floors are limits as to how much rates may fall. These limits may apply to each time the rate is due for re-setting, to how much they may move over a period of time, e.g. a year, or to how much they may change over the whole term of the loan.
Note MChanges in intermediate-term rates do not immediately impact prepayment rates on residential loans and MBS investments. Customers apply for refinancing mortgages when rates drop, but it takes about two month before the applications can be processed and the old loans paid off.
Note N A large number of home mortgage loans may be grouped together by a financial institution into a pool. This pool may then be securitized and sold to investors. The payments received from the borrowers on their mortgages are used to pay the investors. The mortgage instruments themselves are the security or backing for the investors and the securities are termed mortgage-backed.
Collateralized mortgage obligations are like mortgage-backed securities in that they involve a pool of mortgages. However, payments received from the borrowers are not equally paid to investors. Instead, investors purchase portions of the pool that have different repayment characteristics. This permits the investor to better time the cash flows that will be received.
Asset-backed securities are like mortgage-backed securities except that loans other than mortgages are the source of repayment. For instance, these might be credit card loans or auto loans.
Note OThe maturity of mortgage backed securities extends when rates rise because homeowners prepay their loans at a lower rate then projected when the security was issued, however, the repricing to market rates after a period of time gives some protection to the investor from rising rates. Either the discouragement to refinancing by having a lower rate than market is removed allowing the investor to reinvest prepayments at the current higher rates or the investor will receive a return closer to market rates if the customers do not refinance.
74
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are located in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the section on interest rate sensitivity.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
As reported in Item 9A in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2004, Pacific Capital Bancorp carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14. As December 31, 2004, Management identified two material weaknesses in the Companys financial reporting. The first was the failure to maintain effective controls over the application of generally accepted accounting principles for leasing transactions and other non-routine transactions. The second was the failure to maintain effective controls over approval of general ledger journal entries. Because of these material weaknesses, Management concluded that the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting.
Management has been working to enhance its controls in response to these internal control evaluations and internal and external audit and regulatory recommendations. During the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company strengthened the procedures for reconciling subsidiary records to the general ledger. It also engaged an accounting firm to assist it in preparing the tax provision calculations reported in its consolidated income statement for the year ended December 31, 2004 and tax asset and liability account balances as of December 31, 2004. The accounting errors were all corrected in the fourth quarter of 2004. During the first quarter of 2005, the timing of the performance of the reconciliation of accounts was changed to include reconciliations as of March 31, 2005, in addition to the other dates accounts are reconciled.
As of March 31, 2005, the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation similar to that performed as of December 31, 2004 of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. The evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. While the above steps have been taken, as of the date of this report, the two material weaknesses had not been completely eliminated. Based on this, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of March 31, 2005, the Company did not maintain effective design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures.
Aside from those steps taken above, there have been no significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls during the last fiscal quarter, but additional changes need to be made to address these material weaknesses. With respect to non-routine or complex transactions, management is reviewing hiring additional employees with more banking and accounting experience. Management has also discussed with, and received approval from, the Audit Committee to engage accounting consultants when necessary to provide the necessary expertise until sufficient accounting expertise can be developed internally.
75
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |
The Company has been named in three class action lawsuits related to the cross-collection agreement it has with other providers of refund anticipation loans. These suits are described in Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company does not expect that the suits will have any material impact on its financial condition or operating results.
The Company is involved in various litigation of a routine nature which is being handled and defended in the ordinary course of the Companys business. In the opinion of Management, based in part on consultation with legal counsel, the resolution of these litigation matters will not have a material impact on the Companys financial position.
Item 2. | Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds |
(dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||
Period |
(a) Total Number |
(b) Average Price Paid per Share |
(c) Total Number of Shares |
(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | |||||||
Begin Date | End Date | ||||||||||
01/01/2005 |
01/31/2005 | | n/a | | $ | 18,933 | |||||
02/01/2005 |
02/28/2005 | | n/a | | $ | 18,933 | |||||
03/01/2005 |
03/31/2005 | | n/a | | $ | 18,933 | |||||
Total |
| n/a | | ||||||||
On July 17, 2003, the Company announced its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $20 million of its common stock. Due to the anticipated capital requirements of the Companys acquisition of Pacific Crest Capital, the Company stopped repurchasing shares in August 2003 after purchasing only $1.1 million from the authorized amount. Management anticipates that its share repurchase activity will be modest in the foreseeable future as it appears that the economy is improving and loan demand is expected to increase. This authorization has no expiration date and the Company had no prior plans which expired during the first quarter of 2005.
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
None.
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders: |
None.
Item 5. | Other information |
None.
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Item 6. | Exhibits and reports on Form 8-K |
(a) | Exhibit Index: |
Exhibit Number |
Item Description | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32 | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
(b) | Reports on Form 8-K |
The following current reports on Form 8-K were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission during the first quarter of 2005.
Subject | Filing Date | |||
Item 7. | Financial Statements and Exhibits Press release announcing earnings for fourth quarter of 2004. | January 27, 2005 |
The following current reports on Form 8-K have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission to date during the second quarter of 2005.
Subject | Filing Date | |||
Item 8.01. | Other Items Press release announcing earnings for the first quarter of 2005. | April 26, 2005 |
Shareholders may obtain a copy of any exhibit by writing to:
Carol Kelleher
Corporate Secretary
Pacific Capital Bancorp
P.O. Box 60839
Santa Barbara, CA 93160-0839
Item 7.01 | Regulation FD Disclosure Press release announcing the signing of a definitive agreement between the registrant and First Bancshares, Inc. (FBI) under which the registrant will acquire FBI in an all-cash transaction. | February 28, 2005 |
77
Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized:
PACIFIC CAPITAL BANCORP
/s/ William S. Thomas, Jr. |
||||
William S. Thomas, Jr. |
May 9, 2005 | |||
President |
||||
Chief Executive Officer |
||||
/s/ Donald Lafler |
||||
Donald Lafler |
May 9, 2005 | |||
Executive Vice President |
||||
Chief Financial Officer |
78