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2004

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

for the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number 1-14105

AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

One American Way, Warren, Ohio 44484-5555

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (330) 856-8800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

The aggregate market value of Class A Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on February 13, 2005 was $9.4 million. Assuming that the market value of Avalon Holdings Corporation’s Class B Common Stock was the same as its Class A Common Stock by reason of its one-to-one conversion rights, the market value of Class B Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on February 13, 2005 was approximately $4,400. The registrant had 3,190,786 shares of its Class A Common Stock and 612,545 shares of its Class B Common Stock outstanding as of March 3, 2005.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

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AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

As used in this report, the terms “Avalon,” “Company,” and “Registrant” mean Avalon Holdings Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries, taken as a whole, unless the context indicates otherwise.

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Note on Incorporation by Reference

Throughout this report various information and data are incorporated by reference from Avalon’s 2004 Annual Report to Shareholders (hereinafter referred to as the “Annual Report to Shareholders”). Any reference in this report to disclosures in the Annual Report to Shareholders shall constitute incorporation by reference of that specific material into this Form 10-K.

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PART 1

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Avalon Holdings Corporation (“Avalon”) was formed on April 30, 1998 as a subsidiary of American Waste Services, Inc. (“AWS”). Pursuant to the terms of a Contribution and Distribution Agreement dated as of May 7, 1998 between Avalon and AWS, AWS contributed to Avalon its transportation operations, technical environmental services operations, waste disposal brokerage and management operations, and golf course and related operations, together with certain other assets including the headquarters of AWS and certain accounts receivable. In connection with the contribution, Avalon also assumed certain liabilities of AWS. On June 17, 1998, AWS distributed, as a special dividend, all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Avalon to the holders of AWS common stock on a pro rata and corresponding basis (the “Spin-off”). Avalon subsequently sold the assets of the laboratory services and remediation business and discontinued the engineering and consulting businesses which were part of the technical environmental services operations. In July 2004, Avalon sold its transportation operations.

In June 1990, AWS purchased approximately 5.6 acres of real estate located in Warren, Ohio on which it constructed Avalon’s corporate headquarters. In connection with the acquisition of such property, Avalon Lakes Golf, Inc. (“ALGI”), a subsidiary of AWS, acquired the real and personal property associated with the Avalon Lakes Golf Course, an 18-hole golf course adjacent to the office property. Avalon’s corporate headquarters building has been remodeled to include a clubhouse for the Avalon Golf and Country Club. ALGI became a subsidiary of Avalon as a result of the Spin-off.

During 1995, American Waste Management Services, Inc., a subsidiary of AWS, commenced its waste disposal brokerage and management operations. This company became a subsidiary of Avalon as a result of the Spin-off.

During the third quarter of 1997, a newly organized subsidiary of AWS, American Landfill Management, Inc., started its captive landfill management operations. This company became a subsidiary of Avalon as a result of the Spin-off.

In November 2003, TBG, Inc. (“TBG”), a subsidiary of ALGI, entered into a long-term lease agreement with Squaw Creek Country Club to lease and operate its golf course and related facilities. As a result of the transaction, Avalon created a newly organized subsidiary, Avalon Golf and Country Club, Inc. (“AGCC”) which manages the two golf courses and related operations.

Business Segments Information

Avalon’s business segments are waste management services and golf and related operations. The waste management services segment includes waste disposal brokerage and management services and captive landfill management operations. The captive landfill management operations had been included in the technical environmental services segment. As a result of the assets of the remediation business being sold and the environmental engineering and consulting business being discontinued, the technical environmental services segment has been eliminated. The golf and related operations segment includes the operation and management of two golf courses, dining and banquet facilities and a travel agency. The transportation services segment has been eliminated as a result of the sale of DartAmericA, Inc. in July 2004. All financial information for the current and prior year has been reclassified to reflect the changes.

Waste management services are provided to industrial, commercial, municipal and governmental customers primarily in selected northeastern and midwestern United States markets. Avalon’s waste management services segment provides hazardous and nonhazardous waste brokerage and management services and captive landfill management services. For the years 2004, 2003 and 2002, the net operating revenues of the waste management services segment represented approximately 85%, 89% and 92%, respectively, of Avalon’s total segments’ net operating revenues. Avalon’s golf course and related operations segment operates two 18-hole golf courses and related facilities. For the years 2004, 2003 and 2002, the net operating revenues of the golf and related operations segment represented approximately 15%, 11%, and 8%, respectively, of Avalon’s total segments’ net operating revenues. One customer, Timken Company, accounted for approximately 12% of Avalon’s 2004 consolidated net operating revenues.

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Waste Management Services

Avalon’s waste management subsidiaries provide hazardous and nonhazardous waste brokerage and management services and captive landfill management services.

American Waste Management Services, Inc. (“AWMS”) assists customers with managing and disposing of wastes at approved treatment and disposal sites based upon a customer’s needs.

Because waste generators remain liable for their waste both before and after disposal, they require assurance that their waste will be safely and properly transported, treated and disposed of. To give customers this confidence, as well as to limit its own potential liability, AWMS has instituted procedures designed to minimize the risks of improper handling or disposal of waste.

Before AWMS will provide waste brokerage or management services, a potential customer must complete a detailed questionnaire setting forth the amount, chemical composition and any special characteristics for each separate waste to be handled. Representative samples of the waste are analyzed by a state or federally certified laboratory. In addition, an AWMS representative generally inspects the process generating the waste, the location where the waste may be temporarily stored or the site of the remediation project producing the waste, and interviews representatives of the generator familiar with the waste. This inspection, along with the laboratory results, allows AWMS to determine whether the waste is within acceptable parameters for disposal and, if so, what special handling and treatment procedures must be instituted. If the waste is continuously generated, new representative samples are tested on a periodic basis.

These procedures are important to both AWMS and its customers because the key to proper handling of waste is accurate identification. Hazardous waste which is not identified as such and thus improperly disposed of can result in substantial liability to the waste generator, the disposal facility, AWMS and potentially to all other waste generators that have used the disposal site. Conversely, waste that could safely and legally be disposed of in a solid waste landfill but is instead sent to a hazardous waste facility for treatment and disposal will result in substantial and unnecessary expense to the generator.

American Landfill Management, Inc. (“ALMI”) is a landfill management company that provides technical and operational services to customers owning captive disposal facilities. A captive disposal facility only disposes of waste generated by the owner of such facility. ALMI provides turnkey services, including daily operations, facilities management and management reporting for its customers. Currently, ALMI manages one captive disposal facility located in Ohio.

Golf and Related Operations

Avalon Lakes Golf, Inc. (“ALGI”) owns and operates a Pete Dye designed championship golf course located in Warren, Ohio. ALGI generates revenue from membership dues, greens fees, cart rentals, merchandise sales, and food and beverage sales. TBG, a subsidiary of ALGI, entered into a long-term agreement with Squaw Creek Country Club to lease and operate its golf course and related facilities. The lease which commenced on November 1, 2003 has an initial term of ten (10) years with four (4) consecutive ten (10) year renewal term options unilaterally exercisable by TBG. In addition to a championship golf course, the Squaw Creek facilities include a swimming pool, tennis courts and a clubhouse that provides dining and banquet facilities. TBG generates its revenue in the same manner as ALGI. Avalon Travel, Inc. a subsidiary of ALGI owns and operates a travel agency which generates its revenue from booking travel reservations.

In November 2003, Avalon formed the Avalon Golf and Country Club to manage the two golf courses and related operations. Members of the Avalon Golf and Country Club are entitled to privileges at both facilities. Membership requires payment of a one-time initiation fee as well as annual dues. Members receive several benefits including reduced greens fees and preferential tee times. Both the

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Avalon Lakes Golf Course and the Squaw Creek Golf Course are also available to the general public. Although the golf courses are available to the general public, the primary source of revenues will be derived from the members of the Avalon Golf and Country Club. Avalon believes that the combination of the Squaw Creek and Avalon Lakes facilities will result in additional memberships in the Avalon Golf and Country Club. Over the past year and a half, Avalon has had a substantial increase in the number of members of the Avalon Golf and Country Club but as of December 31, 2004, Avalon still has not attained its goal. Such additional memberships, if attained, will result in increased net operating revenues; however, there can be no assurance as to when such increased membership will be attained. Failure by Avalon to attain additional members could adversely affect the future financial performance of Avalon.

The golf courses are significantly dependent upon weather conditions during the golf season as a result of being located in northeast Ohio. Avalon’s financial performance is adversely affected by adverse weather conditions.

Governmental Regulations

The federal government and numerous state and local governmental bodies are increasingly considering, proposing or enacting legislation or regulations to either restrict or impede the disposal and/or transportation of waste. A portion of Avalon’s waste brokerage and management services revenues is derived from the disposal and/or transportation of out-of-state waste. Any law or regulation restricting or impeding the transportation of waste or the acceptance of out-of-state waste for disposal could have a negative effect on Avalon. Avalon’s waste brokerage and management services may also be affected by the trend toward laws requiring the development of waste reduction and recycling or other programs.

ALGI and TBG currently hold liquor licenses for their respective facilities. If, for some reason, either of these facilities were to lose their liquor license, the financial performance of the golf and related operations would be adversely affected.

Sales and Marketing

Avalon’s sales and marketing approach is decentralized, with each operation being responsible for its own sales and marketing efforts. Each operation employs its own sales force which concentrates on expanding its business.

Competition

The hazardous and nonhazardous waste disposal brokerage and management business is highly competitive and fragmented. Avalon’s waste disposal brokerage and management business competes with other brokerage companies as well as with companies which own treatment and disposal facilities. In addition to price, knowledge and service are the key factors when competing for waste disposal brokerage and management business. Avalon’s waste disposal brokerage and management operations obtain and retain customers by providing service and identifying cost-efficient disposal options unique to a customer’s needs. Consolidation within the solid waste industry has reduced the number of disposal options available to waste generators and has caused disposal pricing to increase. Avalon does not believe that industry pricing changes alone will have a material effect upon its waste disposal brokerage and management operations. However, consolidation has had the effect of reducing the number of competitors offering disposal alternatives.

Avalon’s two golf courses are located in Warren, Ohio and Vienna, Ohio and compete with many public courses and country clubs in the area.

Insurance

Avalon carries $5,000,000 of liability insurance coverages. This insurance includes coverage for comprehensive general liability, automobile liability and other customary coverages. In addition, Avalon carries comprehensive property damage coverage. Avalon also carries $5,000,000 of liability insurance for the golf courses and related operations which maintains separate insurance coverage. No assurance can be given that such insurance will be available in the future or, if available, that the premiums for such insurance will be reasonable.

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If Avalon were to incur a substantial liability for damages not covered by insurance or in excess of its policy limits or at a time when Avalon no longer is able to obtain appropriate liability insurance, its financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

From time to time, Avalon entered into contracts which required surety bonds or other financial instruments to assure performance under the terms thereof. Although Avalon has obtained such bonds or other financial instruments in the past, substantial changes in the bond market have limited Avalon’s ability to obtain surety bonds in the future. No assurance can be given that such bonds will be available in the future or, if available, that the premiums and/or collateral requirements for such bonds will be reasonable. The inability of Avalon to obtain surety bonds may adversely impact its future financial performance.

Employees

As of December 31, 2004, Avalon had 120 employees, 24 of whom were employed by the waste management services segment, 75 of whom were employed by the golf course and related operations and 21 of whom were employed in financial and administrative activities. Avalon believes that it has a good relationship with its employees.

Other Business Factors

None of Avalon’s business segments is materially dependent on patents, trademarks, licenses, franchises or concessions, other than permits, licenses and approvals issued by regulatory agencies. Avalon does not sponsor significant research and development activities.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Avalon owns a 37,000 square foot headquarters building located on approximately 5.6 acres of property in Warren, Ohio adjacent to the golf course. The corporate and administrative offices of ALMI, ALGI, TBG, AGCC and AWMS are each located at the headquarters building of Avalon in Warren, Ohio. Avalon’s corporate headquarters building also includes a clubhouse, restaurant and pro shop for the Avalon Golf and Country Club at Avalon Lakes Golf Course.

The captive landfill management operations use approximately six pieces of equipment (such as a bulldozer, excavator and backhoe) all of which are owned or leased by ALMI.

ALGI owns an 18-hole golf course and practice facility on approximately 200 acres, a maintenance and storage building of approximately 12,000 square feet, a restaurant building of approximately 10,400 square feet, and a banquet facility of approximately 7,000 square feet. ALGI currently leases the restaurant building and banquet facility to a third party operator. All the facilities are located in Warren, Ohio.

TBG, Inc. leases and operates the Avalon Golf and Country Club at Squaw Creek in Vienna, Ohio, which includes an 18-hole golf course and practice facility on approximately 224 acres, a swimming pool, four tennis courts and a 67,000 square foot clubhouse that includes a pro shop, restaurant and banquet facilities. The clubhouse was renovated and expanded in 2004.

Avalon owns a 48,000 square foot office building in Export, Pennsylvania. Avalon currently leases approximately 12,000 square feet of this building to a third party. The building is currently held for sale.

Dart Realty, Inc., a subsidiary of Avalon, owns a 18,800 square foot facility in Canfield, Ohio. This facility was used in the transportation operations, which were sold in July 2004. This building is currently held for sale.

Generally, Avalon’s fixed assets are in good condition and are satisfactory for the purposes for which they are intended.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of conducting its business, Avalon becomes involved in lawsuits, administrative proceedings and governmental investigations, including those related to environmental matters. Some of these proceedings may result in fines, penalties or judgments being assessed against Avalon which, from time to time, may have an impact on its business and financial condition. Although the outcome of such lawsuits or other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, Avalon does not believe that any uninsured ultimate liabilities, fines or penalties resulting from such pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on it. See Item 1. “Business—Insurance.”

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

No matters were submitted to a vote of Avalon’s security holders during the fourth quarter of 2004.

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PART II

Information with respect to the following items can be found on the indicated pages of Exhibit 13.1, the 2004 Annual Report to Shareholders if not otherwise included herein.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information regarding financial statement schedules is contained in Item 15(a) of Part IV of this report.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Avalon’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that all material information required to be filed in this annual report has been made known to them in a timely fashion. There have been no significant changes in internal controls, or in factors that could significantly affect internal controls, subsequent to the date the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer completed their evaluation.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

The information required by Item 10 regarding Directors is contained under the caption “Election of Directors” in the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2005 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year, which information under such caption is incorporated herein by reference. The following information with respect to the Executive Officers of Avalon is included pursuant to Instruction 3 of Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K:

The above-listed individuals have been elected to the offices set opposite their names to hold office at the discretion of the Board of Directors of Avalon or its subsidiaries, as the case may be.

Ronald E. Klingle has been a director and Chairman of the Board of Avalon since June 1998. He was Chief Executive Officer from June 1998 until December 2002 and reassumed the position in March 2004. He had been Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and a director of American Waste Services, Inc. since December 1988. Mr. Klingle has over 30 years of environmental experience and received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Chemical Engineering from Youngstown State University. Mr. Klingle is the spouse of Frances R. Klingle who is the Chief Administrative Officer of Avalon.

Frank Lamanna has been Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer since August 2004. He was Controller from April 2002 until August 2004. Mr. Lamanna had previously been Vice President of Corporate Financial Services from 1999 to April 2002. Mr. Lamanna received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in Accounting degree from Youngstown State University. He is also a Certified Public Accountant in the State of Ohio.

Frances R. Klingle has been Chief Administrative Officer since June 1998. She was Controller of Avalon from June 1998 to April 2002. She had been Controller of American Waste Services, Inc. since June 1986. Ms. Klingle received a Bachelor of Arts degree in French from Kent State University and has completed postgraduate work in accounting at Youngstown State University. Ms. Klingle is the spouse of Ronald E. Klingle who is Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Avalon.

Kenneth J. McMahon has been Chief Executive Officer and President of American Waste Management Services, Inc. since June 1998. Mr. McMahon had previously been Executive Vice President, Sales and a director of American Waste Services, Inc. since September 1996. Mr. McMahon received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in finance and his Master of Business Administration degree from Youngstown State University.

CODE OF ETHICS

Avalon has adopted a Code of Ethics in the form of Standards of Business Ethics and Conduct. Such code applies to all employees of Avalon including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and persons performing similar functions.

Copies of Avalon’s Code of Ethics may be obtained without charge by any shareholder. Written requests for copies should be directed to the Secretary of Avalon Holdings Corporation, One American Way, Warren, Ohio 44484.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by Item 11 is contained under the captions “Meetings and Committees of the Board” and “Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers” in the Proxy Statement. The information under such captions is incorporated herein by reference, except that information contained under subpart captions “Board Committee Reports on Executive Compensation” and “Performance Graph” are specifically not incorporated herein.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The information required by Item 12 is contained under the captions “Voting Securities and Principal Holders Thereof” and “Stock Ownership of Management” in the Proxy Statement which information under such captions is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Ted Wesolowski is a director of Avalon and was Chief Executive Officer and President of Avalon from January 2003 until March 15, 2004. Previously, Mr. Wesolowski was a shareholder of the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania law firm of Babst, Calland, Clements & Zomnir, P.C. which rendered legal services to Avalon during the last fiscal year. Mr. Wesolowski returned to his position with the law firm after resigning as Chief Executive Officer and President of Avalon on March 15, 2004.

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PART IV

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by Item 14 is contained under the caption “Independent Public Accountants” in the Proxy Statement which information under such captions is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

The following financial statement schedule, which is applicable for years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, should be read in conjunction with the previously referenced financial statements.

Independent Auditors’ Report on Financial Statement Schedule

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Such independent auditors’ report and financial statement schedule are at pages 12 and 13 of this report. The other schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the information required is shown in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

Registrant will furnish to any shareholder, upon written request, any of the following exhibits upon payment by such shareholder of the Registrant’s reasonable expenses in furnishing any such exhibit.

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On October 29, 2004, Avalon Holdings Corporation announced an award relating to the settlement of arbitration between its subsidiary, AWS Remediation, Inc. and IT Corporation.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized, on the 29^th day of March, 2005.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated, on the 29^th day of March, 2005.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Shareholders and Board of Directors

Of Avalon Holdings Corporation

We have audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) the consolidated financial statements of Avalon Holdings Corporation and subsidiaries referred to in our report dated February 18, 2005, which is included in the 2004 Annual Report to Shareholders. These consolidated financial statements and our report thereon are incorporated by reference in the annual report on 10-K for the year 2004. Our audits were conducted for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The information included in Schedule II is presented for purposes of additional analysis and is not a required part of the basic financial statements. This schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Cleveland, Ohio

February 18, 2005

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AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004, 2003 AND 2002

(thousands of dollars)

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AVALON HOLDINGS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

EXHIBIT INDEX

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