UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
x | Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
OR
¨ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 000-50964
SHOPPING.COM LTD.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Israel | 98-0436245 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1 Zoran Street
Netanya 42504, Israel
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)
972-9-892-1000
(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |
None | |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: |
Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ¨ No x
There was no established public trading market for the Registrants ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share, as of the last business day of the Registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter. As of March 1, 2004, there were 29,623,841 shares of the Registrants ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants definitive proxy statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held in June 2005 are incorporated by reference in Parts II and III of this report on Form 10-K.
FISCAL 2004 FORM 10-K
INDEX
Item |
Page | |||
PART I |
||||
ITEM 1 |
1 | |||
ITEM 2 |
11 | |||
ITEM 3 |
11 | |||
ITEM 4 |
12 | |||
PART II |
||||
ITEM 5 |
13 | |||
ITEM 6 |
15 | |||
ITEM 7 |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
18 | ||
ITEM 7A |
48 | |||
ITEM 8 |
50 | |||
ITEM 9 |
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
79 | ||
ITEM 9A |
79 | |||
ITEM 9B |
79 | |||
PART III |
||||
ITEM 10 |
80 | |||
ITEM 11 |
80 | |||
ITEM 12 |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
80 | ||
ITEM 13 |
80 | |||
ITEM 14 |
80 | |||
PART IV |
||||
ITEM 15 |
80 | |||
83 | ||||
EXHIBIT 10.08 |
||||
EXHIBIT 10.10 |
||||
EXHIBIT 10.18 |
||||
EXHIBIT 23.01 |
||||
EXHIBIT 23.02 |
||||
EXHIBIT 24.01 (included with the signature page) |
||||
EXHIBIT 31.01 |
||||
EXHIBIT 31.02 |
||||
EXHIBIT 32.01 |
||||
EXHIBIT 32.02 |
Shopping.com, the Shopping.com logo, DealTime®, DealTime.com®, Epinions®, Epinions.com®, PriceTool and our other trademarks, service marks or registered service marks appearing in this report are the property of Shopping.com. All other trademarks, trade names or service marks referred to in this report are the property of their respective owners.
This report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see the section entitled Caution Regarding Forward Looking Statements under Item 7 of this report for important information to consider when evaluating such statements.
PART I
ITEM 1. | BUSINESS |
CORPORATE BACKGROUND
Founded in March 1997 in Israel, Shopping.com Ltd., offers a better way for consumers to shop online and offers merchants a better way to sell online. In April 2003, we acquired Epinions, Inc., an online shopping service specializing in consumer-generated reviews. In October 2003, we changed our name from DealTime Ltd. to Shopping.com Ltd. We have operations in the United States, the United Kingdom and Israel. Our principal executive offices are located at 1 Zoran Street (P.O. Box 8393) Netanya 42504, Israel, and the telephone number there is 972-9-892-1000. Our U.S. headquarters is located at 8000 Marina Boulevard, Fifth Floor, Brisbane, California 94005, and the telephone number there is (650) 616-6500.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Shopping.com is a leading online comparison shopping service, attracting more unique visitors monthly than any other comparison shopping website. We help consumers make informed purchase decisions by enabling them to find the items they are looking for, compare products, prices and stores, and buy from among thousands of online merchants. We gather product and merchant data from across the Internet, organize and structure it into a comprehensive catalog, and present the resulting information to consumers in a user-friendly interface at our flagship destination, www.shopping.com, and our consumer reviews website, www.epinions.com. Our service is free for consumers. We generate revenues from merchants and other listings providers that pay us lead referral fees when consumers click through to merchant websites from listings on our service.
The Internet is a powerful medium for buying and selling goods and services. Consumers benefit from the convenience, selection and savings available from shopping online; however, they need help in sorting through the large volume of information and choices. Merchants benefit from the ability to reach large audiences of potential customers through the Internet; however, they need help in targeting, measuring and optimizing their online advertising efforts. Online comparison shopping services have emerged in recent years to address these difficulties.
We believe that Shopping.com provides consumers with a better way to shop online by enabling them to find, compare and buy products conveniently and efficiently. We gather data on millions of products from thousands of sources across the Internet to provide consumers with a single destination for shopping content. We couple this content with detailed product and store reviews written by contributors to our Epinions website, and present the results in a user-friendly interface. Consumers use our websites to compare products by brand, price and store, and by category-specific features, such as comparing digital cameras by megapixel resolution or sofas by type of material. Consumers also use our websites Store Finder to compare online stores by merchant rating, product availability, price, and tax and shipping fees. We obtain product and merchant data through automated feeds, website extraction and licensing arrangements.
We believe that Shopping.com provides merchants with a better way to sell online by enabling them to use online advertising to target consumers who are actively seeking information on products and services. Our comparison shopping content and functionality help consumers make informed purchase decisions, generating
1
lead referrals that we believe are more likely to result in sales for our merchants. Merchants join our service with little upfront cost and pay us only when we generate a lead referral or purchase for them. We provide measurement and optimization tools that enable merchants to manage their advertising campaigns. Merchants use our online Merchant Account Center to obtain product- and category-specific reports on lead referrals, cost-per-lead referral, and total marketing spend. Merchants may use our online ROI Tracker to monitor the rate at which lead referrals convert to sales, and to measure their return on investment. In addition, listings providers such as Google, Overture and eBay supply merchant listings that we display on our service. In 2002, 2003 and 2004, Google accounted for approximately 11%, 38% and 42% of our revenues, respectively. For additional information on listings providers, see page 8 of this report.
Since launching in 1998, we have experienced significant growth in the number of consumers and merchants using our service. According to industry analyst comScore Media Metrix, in January 2005, Shopping.com had the largest U.S. audience of any property in the Comparison Shopping category, with 23 million unique visitors. In the same period, Shopping.com was the third-largest multi-category commerce destination overall, based on unique visitors, behind eBay and Amazon, according to comScore Media Metrix. During 2004, we generated revenues from 296 million lead referrals with average revenue per paid lead of $0.309, with our web site covering more than 9 million SKUs.
Industry Background
Online Shopping
Online shopping has established itself as a large and rapidly growing channel for consumers and merchants to buy and sell goods and services
We believe that the key forces driving the growth of online shopping are:
Convenience, selection, savings. The Internet offers around-the-clock access to millions of products and thousands of stores, unlike in-store shopping. It contains shopping information from a wide variety of sources, including merchant websites, manufacturer websites and other online content providers. Consumers utilize this convenience, selection and information to save time and money.
Increased broadband penetration. Consumers with broadband connections are at least 50% more likely to complete an online purchase than those with narrowband connections, according to comScore Networks research.
Performance-Based Advertising
Online advertising has emerged as a widely-used medium for advertisers to reach target audiences. Traditional advertising, whether online or offline, typically is purchased on a cost-per-impression basis. Online advertising, however, increasingly is being purchased on a cost-per-referral or cost-per-purchase basis, which is known as performance-based advertising. We believe that performance-based advertising continues to gain popularity with advertisers because, unlike impression-based advertising, advertisers pay only for specific benefits, such as when consumers click through to their websites or transact business on their websites.
We believe that the key forces driving the growth of performance-based advertising are:
Performance-orientation. Performance-based advertising is generally more cost-effective than traditional impression-based advertising because advertisers pay only for specific benefits, such as lead referrals or subsequent purchases. In addition, performance-based advertising allows for more precise audience targeting, because it is typically associated with specific products or services.
Measurable results. The results of performance-based advertising are more measurable than traditional forms of advertising, because merchants can track consumer click-throughs, purchases and overall return on investment. In addition, merchants can evaluate the success of their advertising campaigns, modify the targeting of their listings, and optimize their spending based on results.
2
Challenges for Consumers and Merchants
We believe many consumers have not yet been able to take full advantage of online shopping and many merchants have not yet been able to take full advantage of performance-based advertising. Consumers may be challenged by the large volume of available unstructured information and the difficulty of comparing product and service offerings effectively and comprehensively. Merchants may need better access to large numbers of consumers who are actively shopping for products and services, along with the tools to manage and optimize their performance-based advertising campaigns.
Our Comparison Shopping Service
Our comparison shopping service enables consumers to find, compare and buy products and services online conveniently and efficiently, and enables merchants to generate sales cost-effectively from consumers who are actively shopping.
Benefits for Consumers
Organized and structured information. We gather data from thousands of online sources to provide consumers with a single destination for shopping content from across the Internet. We prevent information overload by organizing and structuring content and merchant information with a user-friendly interface. We believe that this approach enables consumers to shop more efficiently than by visiting retail sites or search engines.
Consumer-generated reviews. We provide access to more than 1.8 million detailed consumer-generated product and store reviews, written by the community of contributors to our Epinions website. This community rates the helpfulness of each review, enabling us to display the most helpful reviews more prominently. We believe that reviews written by consumers provide a valuable resource for shoppers seeking to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of products and stores.
Comparison shopping tools. We facilitate comparison and side-by-side evaluation of products and stores. Our websites help consumers compare products by general criteria such as brand, price or store, or by category-specific attributes such as resolution for digital cameras, seating direction for child car seats, or material for sofas. Our websites also help consumers compare online stores by criteria such as merchant rating, product availability, price, and tax and shipping fees by zip code.
Benefits for Merchants
Targeted audiences, qualified referrals. We enable merchants to use performance-based advertising to reach consumers who are actively shopping for their products and services. We believe that our consumers are attractive potential customers for merchants, because they have used our comparison shopping content and functionality to educate themselves and make informed product and store decisions. We refer to such click-throughs as qualified lead referrals.
Ease of use, little upfront cost. We provide proprietary technologies that make it easy for merchants to advertise their offerings on our service. Merchants join our service at little upfront cost through automated online enrollment or through our direct sales force. They integrate inventory information into our catalog and keep it current by submitting the information electronically or allowing us to extract it from their websites. Merchants can manage their advertising campaigns at category or subcategory levels, rather than managing large lists of keywords.
Measurement and optimization tools. We supply free tools that enable merchants to target consumers, measure advertising effectiveness and optimize their spending on our service. Our Merchant Account Center provides an easy way to obtain product- and category-specific reports on lead referrals, cost-per-lead referral, and
3
total marketing spend. Our ROI Tracker enables merchants to manage their return on money spent on our service by monitoring data on the number of lead referrals converted to sales, and the associated revenues and profitability, on a per-transaction and aggregate basis.
Strategy
Our business objective is to grow profitably while pursuing our mission of helping shoppers everywhere use the power of information to find, compare and buy anything. We aim to:
| Help shoppers make informed purchase decisions; |
| Provide a global resource with localization by country; |
| Become the leading destination with comprehensive shopping content; |
| Enable comparison shopping through structure and organization of data; and |
| Address additional categories of products and services. |
Our strategies are as follows:
Enhance product and technology. We believe that continuous improvement of our user experience is essential to providing the highest-quality service. We intend to develop new features and functionality that will further help consumers make informed purchase decisions and increase their loyalty to our service. In order to build the Internets most comprehensive catalog of shopping content, we will continue to gather and organize product and merchant information, and grow our database of consumer-generated reviews. We will refine our search algorithms and attribute-based navigation tools to enable consumers to find, compare and buy more quickly and easily.
Increase brand awareness. We believe that heightened awareness of the Shopping.com brand will increase the number of consumers and merchants using our service. Our goal is to define our brand as the leading shopping resource for consumers and the leading customer acquisition vehicle for merchants. We plan to promote our brand primarily through online advertising delivered to consumers when they are researching purchases. We believe that the best way to increase brand awareness of Shopping.com is to invest in our sites in order to produce better consumer and merchant experiences that will be spread by word-of-mouth. In addition, we will use public relations efforts to highlight the benefits that Shopping.com provides to consumers and merchants.
Broaden merchant services. We believe that providing merchants with free, easy-to-use resources to target, measure and optimize their online advertising campaigns is essential for our success. We intend to develop new processes and tools to enable merchants, with minimal effort, to maximize the benefits they receive from our service. In addition, we will continue to improve our account management functionality to allow merchants to monitor their online campaigns and manage the effectiveness of their marketing spend.
Expand internationally. Our revenues from U.S. operations were approximately $59.6 million, or 89% of total revenues, in 2003 and $84.1 million, or 85% of total revenues, in 2004. Our revenues from U.K. operations were approximately $7.4 million, or 11% of total revenues, in 2003 and $14.9 million, or 15% of total revenues, in 2004.
We believe that the benefits of our service can be extended internationally. We have developed an integrated technology platform to accommodate delivery of our service in multiple countries, languages and currencies. For consumers, transparency of merchant, cost and product specifications, will help them take advantage of differences in prices across borders. Our proprietary technology will enable the management of the necessary calculations and conversions in order for us to expand internationally. Merchants will benefit from exposure to a much larger and more diverse market. We intend to expand into France in the first half of 2005 and enter Germany in the second half of 2005.
4
Add categories of products and services. We believe that our service can be applied to a broad range of retail products and services that have mass market appeal. We intend to use our methods for creating organized and structured shopping information and consumer-generated reviews in broadening the scope of our offering to include new categories of products and services.
Our Consumer and Merchant Offerings
Consumer Offering
Our www.shopping.com and www.epinions.com websites provide consumers with information, tools and a user-friendly interface that make it easy to find, compare and buy products and services in hundreds of categories from thousands of merchants. All of our pages have an organized layout, and easy-to-access search and browse navigation capabilities.
Search and browse. Consumers can search or browse to find items on our service. We prominently display a search box at the top of every webpage. To search, consumers simply type in product names (such as television, merlot wine or shoes), brands (such as sony, lego or prada) or a combination (such as canon printer or kitchenaid toaster). Consumers can also browse through our product catalog by clicking on one of our 18 top-level product and service categories and following through to one or more of our more than 300 specific subcategories. Examples of our categories and subcategories are as follows:
Top-Level Categories |
Subcategories |
Top-Level Categories |
Subcategories | |||
Clothing and Accessories | Womens, Mens, Shoes |
Kids and Family | Car Seats, Strollers, Toys | |||
Computers and Software | Laptops, PDAs, Printers |
Movies | Action and Adventure, Drama, Comedy | |||
Electronics | Digital Cameras, Audio, Video |
Music | New Releases, Jazz, Pop & Rock | |||
Gifts | Flowers and Plants, Wine |
Office | Copiers, Fax Machines, Supplies | |||
Health and Beauty | Fragrances, Nutrition, Shavers | Sports and Outdoors | Cycling, Personal Fitness, Golf | |||
Home and Garden | Appliances, Furniture, Kitchen | Travel | Car Rentals, Hotels, Luggage | |||
Jewelry and Watches | Necklaces, Rings, Watches | Video Games | Consoles, PS2 Games, Xbox Games |
Narrowing product choices. Consumers use our website to narrow product choices by the specific criteria that match their needs. Consumers can narrowing their product search by price range, brand and various category-specific attributes such as comparing strollers by weight, digital cameras by megapixel resolution, or video games by platform.
Comparing products. Once consumers have narrowed the set of products they are considering, they can compare them in a side-by-side format on the basis of relevant criteria. Evaluation criteria might include product specifications, reviews, price and image. Consumers can generate customized side-by-side comparisons by selecting two or more products and clicking the Compare Products button.
Product reviews. Consumers can access our more than 1.8 million product reviews written and rated by members of our Epinions community. Reviews include an overall rating (on a 5-star scale) as well as category-specific ratings (e.g., comparing televisions by picture quality, comparing vacuum cleaners by durability). Reviews are typically more than 250 words in length and include product pros and cons, date written, and
5
background information on the reviews author. Members of the Epinions community, rather than our employees, write and rate all reviews based on their helpfulness to shoppers. Our sorting algorithm displays highly-rated reviews more prominently, making them more likely to be read by consumers.
Epinions community. The Epinions community is comprised of consumers who have chosen to become members of our www.epinions.com website and share their shopping experiences in the form of product and store reviews. Many community members receive nominal payments for writing and rating, and membership is open to all users of Epinions.
Comparing prices and stores. Once consumers select products, they can compare prices and stores through our websites Store Finder, which displays columns of information such as store rating, availability and price. Consumers can receive personalized information about tax and shipping charges by entering their zip codes. Once consumers select a specific product and store, they can click on a Buy It link, which takes them directly to the relevant merchants product page, where they can complete the purchase.
The listing order of relevant merchant offers in our Store Finder is determined by a combination of the lead referral fee paid to us, product price and store rating. The first three merchant listings are ordered solely by lead referral fee paid to us. All subsequent listings are ordered by a combination of lowest product price and trustworthiness of store, irrespective of the lead referral fees paid to us by these merchants.
Trustworthiness of stores is determined by ratings submitted by consumers. We award the distinction of Trusted Store to those merchants that possess outstanding store ratings, excellence in customer service, and consumer-friendly policies and practices. Trusted Stores receive preference in listing order, and the Trusted Store with the lowest product price earns an additional designation, Smart Buy. In addition, to expand the store options for consumers, we provide a Featured Resources section on our service where consumers can click through to links provided by Google, Overture and eBay, our listings providers.
Detailed store ratings. To assist in store selection and gauge trustworthiness of stores, we provide shoppers with access to our detailed consumer-generated store ratings. Stores are rated on overall satisfaction, on-time delivery and customer service levels. Each store rating also includes a description of that reviewers shopping experience with the merchant and indicates whether or not the reviewer would buy from the store again.
Cash back program. Consumers may choose to participate in our cash back program, which we launched in September 2004, under which we will pay them a percentage of the purchase price of products they buy from participating merchants on our site. The cash back amounts vary by merchant and by product, and generally range from 1% to 3% of the purchase price. We send checks on a quarterly basis to participating consumers with more than $5 in their cash back accounts.
Merchant Offering
Our technologies for merchant enrollment, product submission, pricing and results tracking, coupled with our customer service program, make it easy for merchants to advertise their products on Shopping.com.
Joining our service. Merchants can join our service through automated online enrollment or through our direct sales force. Merchants provide us with their company name and URL, primary contact information and a refundable credit card deposit. Merchants who have questions during the process can access live help for personal service through online chat or email. The commitment for merchants is minimal, because there is little upfront cost and they can cancel at any time.
Submitting product listings. Merchants can easily integrate their product listings onto our service. They can either provide us with their own product listing feed or pay us to build a customized crawler that can extract
6
product listings directly from their website. We charge merchants $300 to create a custom crawler, and $20 per month to update their product listings automatically on a daily basis.
Managing payment. Merchants who meet our credit criteria are offered standard credit terms. Other merchants pay us deposits through credit cards or by check. Payment for each lead referral is deducted from their deposits until the account reaches a zero balance, at which point their product listings are automatically removed from our service until another deposit is made.
Managing cost-per-lead referral. We determine minimum prices per lead referral by category and subcategory. These minimums currently range from $0.05 to $1.00 per lead referral. Merchants may choose to increase the amount they are willing to pay, which may heighten the prominence of their listings on our service. We allow merchants to set the maximum cost-per-lead referral that they are willing to pay in a subcategory, yet they pay either the subcategory minimum lead referral amount, or no more than $0.01 over the bid of the next highest merchant in that subcategory, depending on the pricing model implemented in that subcategory. At any time, merchants can change their cost-per-lead referral on our Merchant Account Center, with changes taking effect within minutes.
Tracking leads and sales. Merchants can use our free software tools to measure and optimize their marketing expenditures on our service. They can monitor lead referrals per day, view their billing history, change their cost-per-lead referral and make other adjustments to their account. Our ROI Tracker helps merchants determine which leads are most profitable to improve their return on their marketing expenditures. Merchants can also use our free survey tool to collect feedback from consumers who purchase on their websites.
Customer service. When merchants sign up for our service, they are contacted via email or telephone by our merchant support team. For larger merchants, our merchant services team provides ongoing personalized service to assist them with integration into our service and to help them manage the effectiveness of their marketing expenditures.
Sales and Marketing
We focus our marketing efforts on acquiring and retaining consumers, while we focus our sales efforts on acquiring and retaining merchants. These efforts are interdependent, because attracting more consumers increases our appeal to merchants, and attracting more merchants increases our appeal to consumers.
Consumer Marketing
Advertising and public relations. We purchase performance-based advertising from search engines and other websites to expose our brand to consumers who are researching purchases. This advertising principally consists of keyword-based purchases, generally pursuant to contracts that we may terminate on 30 days notice. We continually monitor our campaigns and adjust them to achieve better results. In addition, we engage in public relations outreach that highlights the convenience and savings shoppers can achieve by using our service. On occasion, we have supplemented these efforts with selective offline advertising, primarily in television and radio media.
Distribution. We enter into distribution agreements with companies that wish to feature some of our comparison shopping content on their websites. Examples include co-brand relationships (portals and content sites such as Earthlink and PC Magazine, for which we build and host partner-branded shopping sites), application programming interface, or API, companies (e.g., AT&T and AOLs Compuserve and Netscape websites, to which we deliver comparison shopping content for integration into its sites), and other companies (smaller websites that are seeking to monetize their traffic, to which we offer self-service integration of our content). We either pay these companies a cost-per-click fee, or share the revenues we charge our merchants when consumers link from these distribution partner website to a merchant website.
7
Retention. We aim to retain consumers who visit our service by providing: easy and effective search and navigation tools; broad product selection and merchant coverage; accurate, current and detailed product, price and store information; comprehensive and trusted user ratings and reviews; and easy-to-use product and merchant comparison tools.
Merchant Sales
Merchant enrollment. Large merchant customers are contacted and enrolled by our direct sales force. Smaller merchant customers learn of our service through our consumer-oriented marketing efforts, trade-oriented public relations and attendance at industry trade shows, and enroll though our self-service interface. We also work with advertising agencies and merchant recruiters to add merchants.
Listings providers. We provide supplemental shopping information to consumers through additional merchant listings provided by Google, Overture and eBay in the Featured Resources section on our service. Under our agreements with Google, we display listings from its advertisers on our service. When consumers click through on these listings, they are sent directly to the relevant Google advertiser. Google pays us for these lead referrals based on a share of its charges to its advertisers. Google accounted for 38% of our revenues in 2003 and 42% of our revenues in 2004. eBay pays us a fee each time we send a lead referral to their website. These listings provide consumers with supplemental merchant links, particularly in categories where we do not have a large number of participating merchants.
Unpaid listings. We also include on our service merchants that do not compensate us for listing their products. We provide these free listings principally to enhance the consumer experience in those categories where we have insufficient coverage from other sources.
Technology
We have devoted more than six years to developing proprietary software specifically designed for comparison shopping. We believe that the quality of our technology gives us an advantage over our competitors and we intend to continue developing this proprietary software. As of December 31, 2004, 202 of our 310 employees were engaged in research and development. Our research and development expenses were $4.6 million, $7.1 million and $10.7 million in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
Our technology has five distinct tiers of softwarecontent acquisition, content normalization, search and presentation, client service interface and internal business metrics.
Content acquisition. Our software gathers detailed, up-to-date information on millions of product offerings from thousands of merchants. The key processes in this content acquisition tier are: self-service feed uploading (a web-based system that merchants use to provide product offers they wish to make available on our service); automated site scraping (scripts that enable us to extract data directly from merchant websites); product image, specification and attribute mining (processes for recording detailed product information relevant to each product category); and consumer review generation and quality control (a self-managing community that writes and rates reviews).
Content normalization. Our algorithms transform unstructured data acquired from multiple sources into structured information organized into our product catalog, which is one of our core assets. The key processes in this content normalization tier are: category mapping (classifying product data from different merchants into the category structure that we use in our catalog); product mapping (associating discrete offers from different merchants, including price, shipping cost and availability, with specific product names); and attribute mapping (connecting product images, specifications and other attributes, and consumer reviews to specific products).
Search and presentation. Our search and presentation software enables consumers to find items in our product catalog using keywords and feature-based browsing, and to compare prices, specifications and reviews.
8
We attempt to minimize the number of clicks needed for consumers to access relevant shopping information by using business logic algorithms. These algorithms include: attribute-based search (enabling users to narrow down products by product characteristics); synonyms and spellchecking (allowing us to display relevant product offers in response to alternative words or spellings); skipping (using popularity data to direct a consumer to a specific product or category page, bypassing the winnowing process); and sorter confidence (ranking results based on algorithmic-based determination of their relevance). To maximize search speed, we have configured a farm of servers, queried in parallel, which can be extended to accommodate a higher volume of shopping requests.
Client service interface. Our proprietary client service interface software facilitates our communications with our merchant customers and our distribution partners. For merchants, our Merchant Account Center and ROI Tracker enable self-enrollment, prominence management, revenue and cost tracking and payment. Our Shopping.com API and Partner Resource Center are specifically designed to enable companies with which we have distribution agreements to integrate our content onto their websites, track their revenues and optimize their results.
Internal business metrics. We have developed proprietary data warehouse software for capturing and reporting our business metrics along many dimensions. For example, we collect data on consumer visits to our websites and outgoing lead referrals to our merchant customers, by traffic source and category destination, as well as our associated revenues and acquisition costs.
We have designed our technologies to accommodate planned growth in number of consumer visits and product offers, with little additional effort other than adding servers and other hardware. We have configured our technology infrastructure to minimize downtime in the event of any failure. We have employed industry-standard distributed architecture, incorporating separate, redundant server farms for each of the technology tiers in our system. Our primary server farm operates from a hosting services site in lower Manhattan in New York, and our Epinions website is operated from a second server farm in San Jose, California. Our server farms are provisioned with Intel-based hardware, typically mid-level servers incorporating Pentium 4 Xeon processors, with the exception of our database servers, which incorporate Sun Microsystems hardware. Networking and load balancing requirements are provisioned mostly using Cisco Systems hardware.
Competition
The business of providing comparison shopping services is highly competitive. We compete for both consumer and merchant users of our service. These efforts are interdependent, because attracting more consumers increases our appeal to merchants, and attracting more merchants increases our appeal to consumers.
We compete for consumers on the bases of brand recognition, coverage of products and merchants, quality of information and ease of use. We compete for merchants on the bases of the quantity of lead referrals, the likelihood that those lead referrals will convert into purchases, our ability to help merchants measure the results of their advertising on our service, and our ability to help them optimize their marketing expenditures on our service. Any service that helps consumers find, compare or buy products and services is a competitor to us.
Our most direct competition comes from several companies that focus exclusively on providing comparison shopping services. In this group, our principal competitors are Shopzilla, mySimon, NexTag and PriceGrabber in the United States, and Kelkoo in Europe (which was acquired by Yahoo! in 2004). We believe that many of these companies have specific competitive advantages over us. For example, Shopzilla specializes in merchant reviews and PriceGrabber specializes in computers and consumer electronics categories. However, we believe our large volume of consumers and merchants, breadth of product and service offerings, high-quality consumer-generated reviews, and organized and structured shopping experience provide us with competitive advantages over these companies.
We also face competition from search engines and portals, which serve as origination websites for consumers to find products. They have large volumes of visitors, consumers and merchants, established brand
9
recognition, loyal users, and significant personnel and financial resources at their disposal. We rely on search engines for a substantial portion of the consumers visiting our websites. Yahoo! provides a service similar to ours and Google operates a search engine for finding products for sale online called Froogle. We believe our exclusive focus on comparison shopping provides us with competitive advantages over these companies. However, Google could decide in the future that it prefers not to do business with us due to the competitive nature of Froogle and Shopping.com.
We also face indirect competition from online retailers. Typically, online retailers serve as destination websites from which consumers directly buy products, but have limited comparison shopping functionality. However, they are skilled at building customer loyalty and generating repeat business. Consumers may bypass our service in favor of going straight to retailer websites. This risk is compounded because several of these online retailers, such as Amazon.com and eBay, are also our customers. We believe that the comprehensiveness of our service, and its focus on the comparison of products, prices and stores, provides us with competitive advantages over these companies.
Intellectual Property
Protecting our proprietary rights, such as our brand and our proprietary technologies, is critical to building consumer loyalty and attracting and retaining merchant customers. We seek to protect our proprietary rights through a combination of copyright, trade secret, patent and trademark law and contractual restrictions, such as confidentiality agreements and proprietary rights agreements. We enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants and business partners, and generally control access to and distribution of our proprietary information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may obtain and use our intellectual property, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation or confusion among consumers and merchants. If we are unable to procure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, then we may not realize the full value of these assets, and our business may suffer.
We currently have several registered and unregistered trademarks and service marks in the United States and other countries, and no patents. We have filed patent applications in the United States, and applications to register our other trademarks and service marks in the United States and internationally, including the name Shopping.com. There is no assurance that our patent and trademark applications will result in the issuance of any valid patents or additional registered trademarks.
In addition to our registered trademarks and service marks, we currently own a number of Internet domain names, including shopping.com, epinions.com and dealtime.com. We are aware that domain names similar to shopping.com have been registered in the United States and elsewhere and that in some countries the top level domain name shopping is owned by other parties. The acquisition and maintenance of domain names are generally regulated by governmental agencies and their designees. As a result, we might not be able to acquire or maintain our domain name in all of the countries in which our service may be accessed. Furthermore, the relationship between regulations governing domain names and laws protecting trademarks and similar proprietary rights is unclear. We might not be able to prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that infringe or otherwise decrease the value of our trademarks and other proprietary rights.
Employees
As of December 31, 2004, we had 310 employees, of whom approximately 200 were full-time and approximately 110 were part-time. We believe our relations with employees are good.
Available Information
We are required to file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Investors may read and copy any document that we file, including this
10
Annual Report on Form 10-K, at the SECs Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20549. Investors may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, from which investors can electronically access our SEC filings.
We make available free of charge on or through our website (www.shopping.com), our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the SEC. The information on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated into any other filings we make with the SEC.
ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES |
We maintain research and development facilities in approximately 12,000 square feet of space at 1 Zoran Street, Netanya, Israel, under a lease that expires on May 31, 2005. We have an option to extend this lease through May 2007. Our U.S. subsidiary, Shopping.com (California), Inc., maintains offices in approximately 37,000 square feet of space at 8000 Marina Boulevard in Brisbane, California under two leases, one that expires in April 2007 and one that expires on December 31, 2009. We have options to extend the lease expiring in April 2007 through December 31, 2009, and the lease expiring December 31, 2009 through December 14, 2014. Our subsidiary in the United Kingdom maintains its offices at Centro 3, Mandela Street in London, England under a lease that expires on December 13, 2014. We have an option to terminate this lease on December 13, 2009. In addition, we have a lease in the United Kingdom that we recently vacated at Greater London House, Hampstead Road in London, England under a lease that expires on October 24, 2007. In accordance with this lease, we have exercised our option to terminate the lease early effective October 24, 2005. We believe that our facilities are sufficient to meet our needs for the next 12 months.
ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
On January 19, 2005, a group of former holders of shares of Epinions, Inc. common stock filed a lawsuit in Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco, against Nirav Tolia, our former Chief Operating Officer, a former member of our board of directors, certain members of our board of directors who formerly were members of the Epinions board of directors, certain former holders of Epinions preferred stock, some of which are our significant shareholders and us. Among other things, plaintiffs claim that they were damaged by alleged misrepresentations and failures to disclose material information, as well as breaches of fiduciary duties in connection with our April 2003 acquisition of Epinions. The acquisition was consummated following a fairness hearing before the California Department of Corporations and approval by substantial majorities of the Epinions preferred and common stock. As a result of the acquisition, holders of Epinions preferred stock received shares of our preferred stock and certain Epinions employees that we hired received options to purchase our ordinary shares. The Epinions common stock was cancelled without consideration as part of the acquisition. The plaintiffs are seeking rescission of the acquisition or, in the alternative, to be paid damages. The plaintiffs are also seeking to recover punitive damages and to impose a constructive trust on misappropriated property, among other remedies. We believe that the allegations of this lawsuit are without merit and we intend to defend vigorously against this matter.
Also, we are involved, from time to time, in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not expect resolution of these matters to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. However, an unfavorable resolution of a matter could, depending on its amount and timing, materially affect our future results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a future period. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
11
ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS. |
We held an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders on January 28, 2005. The only matter voted upon at the meeting was the election of two Class III external directors to serve until the 2007 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. At the meeting, Alex W. Pete Hart and Elizabeth Cross were elected as Class III external directors by the following votes:
Name |
Shares For |
Shares Against |
Shares Abstaining |
Shares Withheld |
Broker Non-Votes | |||||
Alex W. Pete Hart |
20,640,063 | | | 38,241 | | |||||
Elizabeth Cross |
20,639,568 | | | 38,736 | |
Our board of directors consists of nine members and is divided into three classes, with each class consisting of two or more members and each class serving staggered three-year terms The term of the Class I directors, who are currently Michael Eisenberg, John Johnston and Reinhard Liedl will expire at the 2005 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. The term of the Class II directors, who are currently Daniel Ciporin and J. William Gurley, will expire at the 2006 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. The term of Class III directors, who are currently Elizabeth Cross, Alex W. Pete Hart, Ann Mather and Lorrie Norrington will expire at the 2007 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
12
PART II
ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. |
Market information for Ordinary Shares
Our ordinary shares are traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol SHOP. The following table sets forth the high and low sales price per share of our ordinary shares, for the period indicated.
High |
Low | |||||
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 |
||||||
Fourth Quarter* |
$ | 35.62 | $ | 22.92 |
* | Our ordinary shares began publicly trading on October 26, 2004, the date of our initial public offering. |
The closing sale price of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq National Market was $16.35 on March 1, 2005.
Shareholders
On March 1, 2005, there were 212 holders of record of our ordinary shares. However, because many of our shares are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of shareholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of shareholders represented by these record holders.
Dividends
We have never paid a cash dividend on our ordinary shares and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Under Israeli law a company may distribute a cash dividend only to the extent of the greater of retained earnings, or earnings over the two most recent fiscal years, provided that the company reasonably believes that the dividend will not render it unable to meet its current or foreseeable obligations when due.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Ordinary Shares
From September 30, 2004 through December 31, 2004, we issued an aggregate of 44,287 ordinary shares to certain of our employees and former employees upon exercise of stock options granted under our 2003 Omnibus Stock Option and Restricted Stock Incentive Plan, with exercise prices ranging from $1.00 to $6.00. We realized $163,213 of gross proceeds in connection with the issuance of these ordinary shares. The sales of these ordinary shares were determined to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act as determined in reliance upon Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act, as transactions under compensation benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701. The recipients of securities in each transaction represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution, and appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates issued in these transactions. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about us.
After filing the initial Form S-1 registration statement for our initial public offering, the conversion ratios of our Series D and Series E Shares were changed. The largest holder of Series D preferred shares and the principal holder of Series E preferred shares offered to release us from our agreement not to consummate an initial public offering at a price per share below $16.00 without the consent of those two holders, we agreed to modify the conversion ratios of the Series D and Series E preferred shares to cause the issuance of more ordinary shares to all holders of those series of preferred shares upon their automatic conversion during the offering at prices below $16.00 per share. The amendment was implemented on June 10, 2004 with the approval of our board of directors and shareholders. This amendment may constitute an offer and sale of securities involving a new investment decision by the holders of Series D and Series E preferred shares. If so, the offer and sale was not made pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act, and was not registered and qualified under any state
13
securities law. As a result, the holders of Series D and Series E preferred shares at the time of the amendment may have rights to bring claims against us for rescission or damages. The Company believes that the amendment did not involve a new offer and sale of securities because it did not involve a new investment decision by the holders of the Series D and Series E preferred shares and because there was no substantial change in the nature of those securities. We believe that the amendment did not involve a new offer and sale of securities involving a new investment decision by holders of the Series D and Series E preferred shares, and therefore it was a transaction not involving any public offering and therefore exempt from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
On October 25, 2004, our registration statement on Form S-1 was declared effective for our initial public offering, pursuant to which 5,060,084 were sold by us and 1,811,076 were sold by certain of our shareholders at an initial public offering price of $18.00 per share. On October 28, 2004, the underwriters of the offering exercised their option to purchase an additional 1,030,674 ordinary shares at the same offering price of $18.00 per share. As of March 1, 2005, we have not utilized any of the net proceeds from the offering. We intend to use the net proceeds for working capital purposes and general corporate requirements. The amounts that we actually expend for working capital and other general corporate purposes may vary significantly depending on many factors. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to fund acquisitions of, or investments in, businesses, products and technologies. We have not allocated specific amounts of net proceeds for any of these purposes. We have no current agreements, commitments or ongoing negotiations for acquisitions of any businesses, products or technologies. Pending these uses, we have invested the funds in money market, money market equivalent and other investment-grade securities.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth certain information, as of December 31, 2004, concerning securities authorized for issuance under all of our equity compensation plans:
Plan Category |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
|||||
(a) | (b) | (c) | ||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |
2,611,640 | $ | 4.12254 | 3,438,165 | (1) | |||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |
| | | |||||
Total |
2,611,640 | $ | 4.12254 | 3,438,165 |
(1) | Of these, 3,138,165 shares remained available for grant under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and 300,000 shares remained available for grant under the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. All of the shares available for grant under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan may be issued in the form of stock options, restricted stock grants, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units or stock bonuses. Under the terms of our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, the number of shares reserved for issuance under such plan will increase automatically on January 1 of each year starting in 2006 by the lesser of an amount determined by the board of directors or the compensation committee or 4% of the total outstanding shares of the company as of the immediately preceding December 31. Under the terms of our 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, on January 1 of each year beginning in 2006, the number of shares reserved for issuance under such plan will increase automatically by the lesser of: (a) 750,000 shares and (b) 1% of the total number of outstanding shares of the company as of December 31 of the prior year; provided, that our board of directors or its compensation committee may in its sole discretion reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year. In addition, such increase shall be subject to adjustments effected by the board of directors in connection with capital changes of the company. |
14
ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA. |
The following tables summarize the consolidated financial data for our business. You should read these tables along with our Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, included elsewhere in this report.
Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 6,646 | $ | 12,698 | $ | 29,055 | $ | 67,039 | $ | 98,950 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
3,826 | 6,372 | 3,685 | 3,331 | 4,893 | |||||||||||||||
Research and development |
9,972 | 11,098 | 4,636 | 7,145 | 10,658 | |||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
41,222 | 16,188 | 17,329 | 37,304 | 50,398 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
12,204 | 10,137 | 8,126 | 8,805 | 13,844 | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| 114 | 13 | 2,495 | 6,205 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of goodwill and other purchased intangible assets |
16,026 | 42,336 | | 500 | 705 | |||||||||||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
| 9,517 | | 1,019 | 612 | |||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of a consolidated subsidiary |
| (8,990 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
83,250 | 86,772 | 33,789 | 60,599 | 87,315 | |||||||||||||||
(Loss) income from operations |
(76,604 | ) | (74,074 | ) | (4,734 | ) | 6,440 | 11,635 | ||||||||||||
Interest and other income (expense), net |
3,241 | 730 | (348 | ) | 640 | 778 | ||||||||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interests |
(73,363 | ) | (73,344 | ) | (5,082 | ) | 7,080 | 12,413 | ||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| | | (158 | ) | (249 | ) | |||||||||||||
Minority interest in losses of consolidated subsidiaries |
2,712 | 490 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
(70,651 | ) | (72,854 | ) | (5,082 | ) | 6,922 | 12,164 | ||||||||||||
Preferred share deemed dividend (1) |
| | | | (17,700 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
$ | (70,651 | ) | $ | (72,854 | ) | $ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | (5,536 | ) | ||||||
Basic net (loss) income per share |
$ | (47.80 | ) | $ | (18.50 | ) | $ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.38 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||||
Diluted net (loss) income per share |
$ | (47.80 | ) | $ | (18.50 | ) | $ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.36 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||||
Weighted average ordinary shares used in computing basic net (loss) income per share (2) |
1,478 | 3,939 | 4,124 | 4,375 | 7,939 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average ordinary shares used in computing diluted net (loss) income per share |
1,478 | 3,939 | 4,124 | 19,463 | 7,939 | |||||||||||||||
As of December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 46,317 | $ | 6,123 | $ | 2,579 | $ | 25,699 | $ | 59,201 | ||||||||||
Marketable securities |
| | | | 82,088 | |||||||||||||||
Working capital |
36,036 | 4,650 | 3,512 | 23,967 | 140,001 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
100,432 | 16,877 | 14,405 | 61,606 | 184,048 | |||||||||||||||
Total long-term obligations, less current portion |
60,160 | 433 | 479 | 565 | 427 | |||||||||||||||
Total shareholders equity |
1,424 | 8,698 | 6,865 | 46,852 | 164,475 |
15
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
$ | (5,145 | ) | $ | (183 | ) | $ | (2,118 | ) | $ | (2,102 | ) | $ | (5,505 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities |
$ | (51,502 | ) | $ | (51,236 | ) | $ | (1,569 | ) | $ | 15,073 | $ | 21,505 | |||||||
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities |
$ | (2,496 | ) | $ | (350 | ) | $ | (1,806 | ) | $ | 7,727 | $ | (87,721 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities |
$ | 96,501 | $ | 3,071 | $ | (184 | ) | $ | 71 | $ | 99,273 | |||||||||
Other Financial Data (unaudited): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (3) |
$ | (59,173 | ) | $ | (12,301 | ) | $ | (2,325 | ) | $ | 12,764 | $ | 21,960 |
(1) | In June 2004 we amended our articles of association to increase the conversion ratios of certain classes of our preferred shares and recorded a non-cash deemed dividend of $10.5 million, representing the estimated value of the modification of the conversion ratios as of the date of the shareholder approval. We recorded an additional amount of deemed dividend upon our initial public offering in October 2004 of $7.2 million, in connection with the conversion of preferred shares to ordinary shares. Please refer to Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and to Notes 16 and 17 of our notes to consolidated financial statements for a description of the preferred share conversion ratios and the calculation of our deemed dividend. |
(2) | We compute basic net income per share using the two-class method as prescribed by EITF 03-6. Under the two-class method, we allocate net income to our ordinary shares and our participating preferred shares as if all of the income for the period had been distributed. The total income allocated to ordinary shares is then divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the period to determine basic net income per share. For a detailed computation of our net (loss) income per share, please refer to Note 2 of our notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report. |
(3) | See our discussion of Adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP financial measure immediately following these footnotes. |
16
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net (Loss) Income
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net (loss) income plus interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation, amortization of goodwill and other purchased intangibles, stock-based compensation, and restructuring and other charges, and less interest and other income (expense), net. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of liquidity calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and should be viewed as a supplement tonot a substitute forour results of operations presented on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Adjusted EBITDA does not purport to represent cash flow provided by, or used in, operating activities as defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our statement of cash flows presents our cash flow activity in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Furthermore, Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to similarly-titled measures reported by other companies.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA is used by and is useful to investors and other users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance because it provides them with an additional tool to compare business performance across companies and across periods. We believe that:
| EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a companys operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired; and |
| investors commonly use adjusted EBITDA information to eliminate the effect of restructuring and stock-based compensation expenses, which vary widely from company to company and impair comparability. |
Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA:
| as a measure of operating performance to assist in comparing performance from period to period on a consistent basis; |
| as a measure for planning and forecasting overall expectations and for evaluating actual results against such expectations; and |
| in communications with the board of directors, shareholders, analysts and investors concerning our financial performance. |
A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the fiscal periods indicated is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | (5,536 | ) | ||||
Deemed dividends |
| | 17,700 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
386 | 32 | 18 | |||||||||
Interest and other (income) expense, net |
(38 | ) | (672 | ) | (796 | ) | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| 158 | 249 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,396 | 2,310 | 2,803 | |||||||||
Amortization of goodwill and other purchased intangibles |
| 500 | 705 | |||||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
| 1,019 | 612 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
13 | 2,495 | 6,205 | |||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | (2,325 | ) | $ | 12,764 | $ | 21,960 | |||||
17
ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on our managements beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:
| future results of operations, including statements regarding revenue mix, cost of revenues, investment in research and development activities, promotion of our service through performance-based advertising and other programs, changes to our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, trends in our operating expenses and provision for income taxes, increased costs associated with being a public company, and stock-based compensation expenses; |
| business strategies, including any expansion into new products, categories or countries, and investments to enhance our technology and the content presented on our service; |
| financing plans, including the adequacy of financial resources to meet future needs; |
| industry environment, including our relationships with our significant customers; |
| exposure to potential liabilities resulting from claims against us, fines or penalties; |
| the anticipated impact on our business and financial results of recent and future acquisitions; |
| potential growth opportunities; |
| the effects of competition and seasonality; and |
| possible or assumed tax status or treatment in any jurisdiction in which we operate. |
We frequently identify our forward-looking statements by using of words such as may, will, should, potential, continue, expects, anticipates, intends, plans, believes and estimates.
Forward-looking statements involve many risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements for a number of reasons, including those appearing under the caption Risks That Could Affect Future Results and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this report.
Overview
We are a leading online comparison shopping service, attracting more unique visitors monthly than any other comparison shopping website. We help consumers make informed purchase decisions by enabling them to find the items they are looking for, compare products, prices and stores, and buy from among thousands of online merchants.
Our service is free for consumers. We generate revenues primarily from merchants and other listings providers that pay us lead referral fees when consumers click through to merchant websites from listings on our service. We recognize these revenues in the period when the consumer clicks through to the merchant website.
Merchants use our online Merchant Account Center to indicate the prices they are willing to pay for each lead referral delivered from our service to their websites. We maintain minimum prices per lead referral for each product category. To increase the prominence of their listings on our service, merchants may increase the prices
18
they are willing to pay for lead referrals; they can manage this usage on an ongoing basis. In each of the prior three years, less than 5% of our revenues were contingent upon whether the consumer ultimately purchased a product from the merchant.
To understand our revenue trends, we monitor total lead referrals to merchants and other listings providers, and the average revenue per lead referral. The volume of our lead referrals and the average revenue per lead referral are influenced by factors such as seasonality and category mix. A large portion of our lead referral revenues is derived under agreements with one of our listings providers, Google, Inc. We display listings from Google advertisers on our service, and Google pays us when our consumers click through these listings to the Google advertisers websites. We derived approximately 38% and 42% of our revenues from these agreements, in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Our revenues under these agreements generally depend on the amount that Google charges its advertisers for the lead referrals.
Because Internet commerce is a relatively new and rapidly evolving industry, we occasionally adjust our pricing model in an attempt to improve the customer experience. For example, in April 2004, we modified the pricing model for lead referrals for many of our product categories and the system for prioritizing the display of merchant listings on our service. Under this new model, the first three relevant merchant listings are selected for display solely based on the amount of lead referral fees we are paid. All remaining relevant merchant listings are ordered based on a combination of product price and store reputation, with the first of these merchant listings designated a Smart Buy. The lead referral fees that merchants are willing to pay us for these remaining merchant listings do not affect the order of presentation on our service. For the first four merchant listings displayed, we charge the lead referral fee that each merchant has indicated it is willing to pay us. For the remaining merchant listings displayed, we charge the minimum category listing fee, without regard to the listing fee the merchants may be willing to pay. Before this change, we prioritized merchant listings in all product categories according to a variety of factors, principally the amount paid to us, and charged each merchant the amount that merchant had indicated it was willing to pay us for its listing, regardless of the placement of the merchants listing on our service. We still apply this method to those product categories not affected by the new pricing model. While we believe that this change, and other changes we make from time to time, will be beneficial for our business, we cannot be certain what effect, if any, they actually will have for our results in any future period.
We also generate revenues from banner and sponsorship advertising on our websites. Our banner and sponsorship advertising revenues consist of fees for online advertising and sponsorship of areas on our webpages. These revenues are derived principally from short-term advertising contracts in which we agree to provide a specified number of impressions over a specified period of time. An impression occurs each time an advertisement is displayed on one of our webpages. We recognize these revenues in the period when the impressions are delivered. Banner and sponsorship advertising revenues comprised 6.7% and 7.2% of total revenues in 2003 and 2004, respectively. We believe that these revenues will continue to comprise less than 10% of our total revenues.
Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. In particular, we generate a disproportionate amount of our revenues in the fourth quarter of the calendar year. We also typically experience increases in revenues during other shopping-related seasonal events, such as post-holiday January sales, Fathers Day, graduation and back-to-school. We anticipate that our revenues will continue to be subject to seasonality and therefore our financial results will vary significantly from period to period. If that seasonal pattern were to be disrupted for any reason, our revenues and financial results could be harmed.
Historically, a substantial majority of our revenues has been derived in the United States. In December 1999, we launched a United Kingdom website to extend our comparison shopping service to consumers and merchants in the U.K. We plan to launch additional websites in Europe, including France in the first half of 2005 and Germany in the second half of 2005.
19
Our principal operating expenses have consisted of personnel and marketing costs. Personnel expenses consist of salaries, benefits and incentive compensation for our employees. These expenses are categorized in our statement of operations based on each employees principal function. Marketing expenses consist of programs designed to attract consumers and merchants to our service. The largest component of these expenses is comprised of online performance-based advertising designed to increase the number of consumers who visit our websites. A significant number of our consumers have been referred through keyword purchases from a small number of sources, including Google. We also have utilized traditional advertising, including a television campaign in the fourth quarter of 2003 to promote our Shopping.com brand, and may conduct similar campaigns from time to time in the future.
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2004, we began incurring additional general and administrative expenses related to operating as a public company, such as increased legal and accounting expenses, the cost of establishing an investor relations function, and higher insurance premiums.
In April 2003, we completed our acquisition of Epinions, Inc., an online shopping service specializing in consumer-generated reviews. The acquisition enabled us to provide consumers and merchants with a more complete comparison shopping service. In the acquisition, Epinions, Inc. merged with one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and we issued approximately 27.9 million preferred shares and options to purchase approximately 1.3 million ordinary shares, which we valued at $30.5 million, net of capitalized transaction costs of $0.4 million, at the time of the acquisition. We accounted for this acquisition under the purchase method.
Our functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. However, a significant portion of the costs associated with our Israeli operations is incurred in New Israeli Shekels. The functional currency of our U.K. subsidiary is the British Pound. The results of our operations are subject to fluctuations in exchange rates, which are influenced by inflation and interest rate fluctuations. The foreign currency exchange rate effects during 2003 and 2004 were not significant to our results of operations, but there may be significant in the future as we expand globally. We are not presently engaged in any transactions intended to manage risks relating to foreign currency exchange rate or interest rate fluctuations, such as hedging transactions.
In May 2004 our board of directors adopted, and in June 2004 our shareholders approved, an amendment to our articles of association to change the conversion ratios of certain classes of our preferred shares. In October 2004, upon closing of our initial public offering, all outstanding preferred shares were automatically converted into 16,857,911 ordinary shares. The modification of the conversion ratios represented by this amendment were treated as an induced conversion of the preferred shares and, as a result, we recorded a deemed dividend in accordance with EITF Topic D-42. The amount of the deemed dividend is calculated as the excess of the fair value of the ordinary shares that were issued upon conversion of the preferred shares over the fair value of the ordinary shares that would have been issued pursuant to the original conversion terms. The fair value of the ordinary shares was determined as of the date of issuance, based on our actual initial public offering price of $18.00 per share. We recorded $10.5 million of this deemed dividend in June 2004 and recorded the remaining $7.2 million during the fourth quarter of 2004. This deemed dividend is a non-cash item that is subtracted from net income to arrive at net income (loss) available to ordinary shareholders in the calculation of earnings per share.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. To apply GAAP, we must make estimates that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In many instances, we could reasonably have used different accounting estimates, and in other instances, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations will be affected. We base our estimates on
20
historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as critical accounting policies and estimates, which are discussed further below.
Revenue recognition. We generate revenues primarily from lead referral fees and banner and sponsorship advertising. Merchants and other listings providers pay us lead referral fees for consumer click-throughs to merchant websites from our service. We recognize lead referral revenue in the period when the consumer clicks through to the merchant website, provided that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, we have no significant remaining obligations, and collection is reasonably assured. Our banner and sponsorship advertising revenues consist of fees for online advertising and sponsorship of areas on our websites. We recognize these revenues in the period when the impressions are delivered, provided that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, we have no significant remaining obligations, and collection is reasonably assured. Determining the collectibility of payments requires judgment on our part and includes performing initial and ongoing credit evaluations of our customers. We require customers with insufficient or poor credit histories to provide us with payment in advance of delivery of services to mitigate collection risk.
Allowance for doubtful accounts. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from our customers failure to make required payments. Our judgment is required to determine whether an increase or reversal of the allowance is warranted. We will record an increase of the allowance if there is a deterioration in past due balances, if economic conditions are less favorable than we had anticipated, or for customer-specific circumstances, such as bankruptcy. We will record a reversal of the allowance if there is a significant improvement in collection rates. Historically, our allowance has been adequate to cover our actual losses from uncollectible accounts.
Intangible assets. We have recorded goodwill and other intangible assets in connection with our business acquisitions. We exercise judgment in the assessment of the related useful lives, the fair values and the recoverability of these assets. Fair value is determined in part based on cash flow forecasts and discount rate estimates. Substantially all intangible assets, other than goodwill, are amortized over two years, the period of expected benefit. We periodically reassess the valuation of our intangible assets to conform to changes in our estimates of future performance. We consider existing and anticipated competitive and economic conditions in these assessments. We review goodwill for impairment at least annually. Cash flow forecasts used in the evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets are based on trends of historical performance and our estimate of future performance. We did not record goodwill or other intangible asset impairment charges during 2002, 2003 and 2004. In connection with our 2001 restructuring activities, we recorded an impairment of the remaining value of our intangible assets.
Income taxes. We make estimates and judgments in determining our income tax expense, and in the calculation of our tax assets and liabilities. Our corporate tax rate is a combination of the U.S. tax rate on our U.S. income and the Israeli tax rate on our Israeli income, as well as the tax rates of other jurisdictions where we conduct business. We have operated pursuant to, and entered into, transfer pricing agreements that establish the transfer prices for transactions between Shopping.com Ltd. and our U.S. and U.K. subsidiaries. We believe that our transfer pricing is in accordance with applicable U.S., U.K. and Israeli regulations. Determining appropriate transfer pricing policies depends upon our estimates and assumptions. If our transfer pricing were to be successfully challenged, we could be required to reallocate our income and to record a higher income tax expense and liability.
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying values and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and estimate a valuation allowance based on historical taxable income, projected future taxable income and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. Our judgment is required to determine whether an increase or decrease of the valuation allowance is warranted. We will increase the
21
valuation allowance if we operate at a loss or are unable to generate sufficient future taxable income, or if there is a material change in the actual effective tax rates or time period within which the underlying temporary differences become taxable or deductible. We will decrease the valuation allowance if our future taxable income is significantly higher than expected or we are able to utilize our tax credits. Any changes in the valuation allowance could affect our tax expense, financial position and results of operations.
Stock-based compensation. In accounting for stock options issued to our employees, we have elected to follow the intrinsic value-based method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, or APB 25, and related interpretations. As a result, we record compensation expense for stock options granted to our employees based on the difference between the exercise price of the stock option and the fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant, provided that the number of shares eligible for issuance under the options and the vesting period are fixed. Prior to the Companys initial public offering, we determined the fair value of our ordinary shares based on internal and external valuation analyses that required the use of our judgment and assumptions. Subsequent to our initial public offering, we will use public market information to determine the fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant, provided that the number of shares eligible for issuance under the options and the vesting period are fixed.
The fair value of the ordinary shares that underlie our stock options granted was originally established by our board of directors based on periodic valuation reports received from an unrelated valuation specialist and other factors. For financial reporting purposes and through the date of our initial public offering in October 2004, we reassessed the valuations of the ordinary shares underlying the stock options granted to our employees beginning in August 2003. We recorded deferred stock compensation to the extent that the reassessed value of the underlying ordinary shares exceeds the exercise price of the stock options as of the grant date. This deferred stock compensation is amortized over the vesting period of the stock options and is included as a component of stock-based compensation.
One of the significant methods we used to determine the reassessed values for the ordinary shares underlying options is through a comparison of price multiples of our historical and forecasted earnings to certain public companies involved in the same or similar lines of business. The market capitalizations of these companies has increased significantly since January 2003 which contributed significantly to the increase in the reassessed values of our shares. We also considered our financial performance and growth, primarily since the acquisition of Epinions in April 2003. We also retained third party advisors to provide two contemporaneous valuation analyses in July and December 2003 and used this information to support our own valuation analyses. These reassessed values are inherently uncertain and highly subjective. If we had made different assumptions, our deferred stock-based compensation amount, stock-based compensation expense, net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share would have been significantly different.
The following table shows the computation of deferred stock compensation amounts arising from stock options granted to employees:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2003 |
December 31, 2003 |
March 31, 2004 |
June 30, 2004 |
September 30, 2004 |
December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||
Stock options granted to employees |
555,250 | 451,500 | 407,125 | 274,700 | 225,500 | 43,525 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average exercise price per ordinary share |
$ | 1.00 | $ | 3.39 | $ | 6.00 | $ | 6.00 | $ | 7.00 | $ | 14.00 | ||||||
Weighted average reassessed value of underlying ordinary shares |
$ | 2.14 | $ | 8.72 | $ | 19.49 | $ | 15.00 | $ | 16.00 | $ | 18.00 | ||||||
Weighted average intrinsic value per ordinary share |
$ | 1.14 | $ | 5.33 | $ | 13.49 | $ | 9.00 | $ | 9.00 | $ | 4.00 | ||||||
Deferred stock compensation recorded |
$ | 0.6 million | $ | 2.4 million | $ | 5.5 million | $ | 2.5 million | $ | 4.1 million | $ | 0.5 million |
22
In Note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements, we disclose our pro forma net income or loss and net income or loss per ordinary share as if we had expensed the fair value of the options. We base the calculation of such fair value on assumptions that are disclosed in that note.
Options to purchase approximately 110,000 ordinary shares that were granted to our employees are subject to variable accounting that will require us, in each period until those options are exercised, forfeited or expire, to incur a charge for compensation expense or a reversal of a charge, depending on the market value of our ordinary shares at the end of the reporting period.
Capitalized software. We account for internal use software in accordance with American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position No. 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. We have capitalized the payroll and payroll-related costs of employees who devote time to the development of internal-use computer software. We amortize these costs over their estimated useful lives, which is currently two years. Our judgment is required in determining the point at which various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs, and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized.
Internal financial controls. In connection with our 2003 audit, our independent registered public accounting firm brought to our attention specific facts regarding our system of internal control over financial reporting that in their view constituted reportable conditions. Reportable conditions are matters that in the judgment of the independent registered public accounting firm could adversely affect our ability to process, summarize and report financial data consistent with the assertions of management in our financial statements. The existence of these reportable conditions did not require any restatement of our financial statements and did not impair the independent registered public accounting firms ability to issue an unqualified opinion on our consolidated financial statements. These control deficiencies did not give rise to any significant deficiency or material weakness. Our independent auditor did not bring any reportable conditions to our attention in connection with our 2001 and 2002 audits and we have yet to receive our management letter comments for the 2004 fiscal year.
In order to correct these reportable conditions, we have taken the following steps:
| Need to limit employee access to our revenue tracking systemwe are enhancing our access controls surrounding the revenue tracking system and anticipate that this development will be completed by the end of 2005. |
| Need to retain certain electronic recordswe have been implementing a system to maintain enhanced logs of electronic data that we believe resolves this issue and anticipate that this implementation will be completed by the end of 2005. |
| Need to automate more of our financial processes that are currently performed manuallywe are continuing to identify the necessary system enhancements, particularly with regard to the systems involving our stock option records, and we anticipate that such system enhancements and increased automation will be completed in the first half of 2005. |
| Need to prepare timely reconciliations between our general ledger and certain subledgerssince the first quarter of 2004, we have performed timely reconciliations between our general ledger and subledgers, and ensured that copies of such reconciliations are reviewed and maintained. |
Results of Operations
Overview
In 2004, we experienced another year of rapid growth in revenue and operating income. Paid lead referrals increased 45% to approximately 296 million in 2004 from approximately 204 million in 2003, with average revenue per paid lead reaching $0.309 in 2004. Europe grew to 15% of revenue in 2004 from 11% in 2003 and the number of SKUs more than doubled to 9.1 million in 2004, from 4.5 million in 2003.
23
In 2005, we are planning for further growth in both revenue and operating income, with higher average revenue per paid lead referral and our expansion into France and Germany. However, we also expect higher costs related to our expansion in Europe and our first year of operations as a public company. Growth in revenues and profitability depends on our ability to meet our product roadmaps and continue increasing traffic on our website. We expect to introduce a global platform that will allow merchants and consumers to interact regardless of the currency, enabling real time full cost comparisons in different European countries. We also plan to introduce new features to our websites to create additional customer loyalty along with the promotion of our brand.
We anticipate cost of revenues will increase in absolute dollars as consumer visitation increases and we expand our service in France and Germany. We anticipate growing our operating expenses between 35% and 40%, in 2005. This growth will include headcount increases in research and development to support product innovation both domestically and internationally, international sales, marketing and business development for the launch of France and Germany and G&A associated with implementing our system of internal controls over financial reporting and defending against a lawsuit brought by former holders of Epinions common stock. In our international growth alone, we expect to spend between $8 million to $10 million in 2005.
Years Ended December 31, 2003 and 2004
Revenues. Our revenues consist primarily of revenues from lead referrals; they also include banner and sponsorship advertising revenues and a small amount of other revenues. Total revenues were $67.0 million and $99.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively, including lead referral revenue of $62.0 million vs. $91.6 million in 2003 and 2004, respectively.
This increase reflects growth in the volume of lead referrals to merchants and other listings providers, which rose from 204 million in 2003 to 296.0 million in 2004, and average revenues per lead referral of $0.305 and $0.309, respectively. The increase in lead referral revenues was caused by a higher volume of lead referrals as a result of greater consumer usage of our services.
Banner and sponsorship advertising revenues increased from $5.0 million in 2003 to $7.4 million in 2004 due to an increase in the number of advertisements sold. We believe that banner and sponsorship advertising revenues will continue to represent less than 10% of our total revenues in the future.
Our revenues from U.K. operations were approximately $7.4 million, or 11% of revenues, in 2003 and $14.9 million, or 15% of revenues, in 2004. We plan to continue to invest significantly in our international operations, specifically in France and Germany over the next year.
Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues consists primarily of hosting costs, which are co-location charges and support for our website equipment, bandwidth, depreciation and personnel expenses of the related employees. Cost of revenues also includes fees associated with serving and tracking advertising impressions on our websites. Cost of revenues was $3.3 million in 2003 and $4.9 million in 2004. The increase was due to an increase in the personnel required to support our service, including costs associated with our 2004 Performance Incentive Plan, and an increase in hosting and capacity expenses associated with the expansion of our co-location facilities to support our growth in consumer usage and product listings. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues remained relatively flat year over year.
Research and development. Research and development expenses consist of personnel and related expenses of research and development teams in Israel and the United States. They also include related supplies and equipment costs, including depreciation. Our research and development expenditures were $7.1 million in 2003 and $10.7 million in 2004. The increase in research and development expenditures resulted from the increase in personnel and related expenses as we build our international platform and costs associated with our 2004 Performance Incentive Plan. As a percentage of revenues, research and development expenses increased from 10.7% in 2003 to 10.8% in 2004. Because research and development is an important component of our strategy
24
and we are expanding into France and Germany, we expect to continue to invest in these activities. As a result, we expect that research and development expenses in 2005 will be higher than in 2004.
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist of the costs of our marketing programs and personnel and related costs for our sales and marketing teams. Our marketing efforts consist primarily of online performance-based advertising campaigns and distribution agreements under which we display our service on other parties websites. We depend on these efforts to attract consumers to our service. Our sales and marketing expenses were $37.3 million in 2003 and $50.4 million in 2004. Included in these expenses are advertising costs of $29.3 million and $40.5 million, respectively, principally reflecting increased visits to our service. Personnel and related expenses increased from $8.0 million in 2003 to $9.9 million in 2004, reflecting our increased sales force and higher commission expenses. As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses decreased from 55.6% in 2003 to 50.9% in 2004. Because our marketing efforts are necessary to promote our brand and expand our business, we expect to continue to invest in these activities. As a result, we expect that sales and marketing expenses in 2005 will be higher than in 2004, in absolute dollars.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of general corporate costs, including personnel expenses of employees involved in finance, accounting, human resources and legal, rent, insurance, bad debts and depreciation. Our general and administrative expenses were $8.8 million in 2003 and $13.8 million in 2004. The increase in general and administrative expense primarily resulted from the increase in personnel and other expenses related to becoming a public company including costs associated with our 2004 Performance Incentive Plan. In addition, during 2004, we incurred approximately $0.6 million of professional fees relating to a threatened litigation involving former stockholders of Epinions and an investigation conducted by an independent committee of our board of directors. As a result, general and administrative expenses increased from 13.1% of revenues to 14.0%. We expect that general and administrative expenses will remain high, as we will incur the higher costs associated with being a public company (such as investor relations, higher insurance premiums and higher regulatory compliance costs), costs associated with implementing our system of internal controls over financial reporting and legal costs associated with defending against a lawsuit brought by former holders of Epinions common stock.
Stock-based compensation. We recorded deferred stock compensation of approximately $7.6 million in 2004 for stock options we granted to our employees during 2004. We have elected to follow the intrinsic value-based method prescribed by APB 25 for all stock options granted to our employees. For financial reporting purposes and in advance of our initial public offering in October 2004, we determined that the estimated value of the 2.8 million ordinary shares underlying the stock options granted to employees was in excess of the exercise price of these stock options, which was deemed to be the fair market value as of the dates of grant. In 2004, the amortization of this component of deferred stock compensation, including the amortization of the similar component that was recorded during 2003, was approximately $2.5 million.
In addition, we cancelled options to purchase 1,136,951 shares and issued 947,423 restricted ordinary shares subject to vesting. As a result of the issuance of the restricted shares, we recorded deferred stock compensation of $1.9 million, based on the difference between the value of the restricted shares on the grant date and the consideration received from the employees. This amount is being amortized as stock-based compensation over the vesting periods for these restricted ordinary shares, which are the same as the vesting periods of the cancelled stock options. During 2004, we recorded $0.3 million of non-cash compensation expense relating to the vesting of these restricted shares.
In 2003, we recorded additional deferred stock compensation of $1.9 million as a result of the cancellation of stock options that were reissued within six months of the cancellation. We will incur a charge for compensation expense or a reversal of a charge in connection with variable accounting for these stock options, depending on the market price of our ordinary shares at the end of each reporting period, until those options are exercised, forfeited or expire. In 2004, we expensed $2.3 million of this component of deferred stock compensation, which represented the vested portion of these stock options.
25
During 2004, we accelerated the vesting of 22,500 stock options that were issued to a former employee who passed away, extended the exercise period of 261 stock options that were issued to a former employee, and recorded stock based compensation of $350 based on the difference between the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares on the date of acceleration. In addition, we accelerated the vesting of stock options for two employees in 2004, resulting in a stock-based compensation charge of $500 based on the deemed fair value of the underlying ordinary shares on the date of acceleration.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123R, which requires the measurement of all employee share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using fair-value-based method and the recording of such expense in our consolidated statements of income. We are evaluating the requirement of SFAS 123R and expect the adoption to have a significant adverse impact on our consolidated statements of income and net income per share. See Recent Accounting Pronouncements for additional discussion of SFAS 123R.
Amortization. As part of the purchase price accounting relating to the acquisition of Epinions, Inc., we identified certain intangible assets, consisting of acquired review content, software technology and corporate trade name that are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of two years. During 2004, we recorded $0.7 million of amortization expense relating to these identified intangible assets, as compared to $0.5 million that we recorded in 2003. The increase from 2003 to 2004 is attributable to the timing of the Epinions acquisition, which was completed in April 2003. We did not record any impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets.
Restructuring and other charges. In September 2003, we relocated our headquarters to Brisbane, California. The plan principally impacted our New York and Israel offices and was substantially completed during 2003. During 2004, we recorded a charge of $0.6 million, consisting of $0.1 million of severance costs and $0.5 million of relocation costs. Further details regarding the components of this expense can be found in Note 10 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Interest and other income (expense), net. Net interest income includes interest income on our cash accounts and finance expenses and fees. Net interest income increased from $0.7 million in 2003 to $0.8 million in 2004. The increase resulted from interest on our invested cash balances and the effect of exchange rates offset by the disposal of physical assets.
Provision for income taxes. We recorded a nominal provision for income taxes in 2003 and 2004 that is principally attributable to minimum corporate taxes. We offset our remaining taxable income through the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards. We expect our net operating loss carryforwards to offset income in future years, and that our Approved Enterprise status in Israel will limit our provision for income taxes in the next few years.
Deemed dividends. In June 2004, our shareholders approved an amendment to our articles of association to change the conversion ratios of certain classes of our preferred shares. The modification of the conversion ratios represented by this amendment is treated as an induced conversion of the preferred shares and recorded as a deemed dividend in accordance with EITF Topic D-42. In June 2004, we recorded a $10.5 million deemed dividend in an amount equal to the estimated value of the modification of the conversion ratios as of the date of the shareholder approval. In October 2004, upon our initial public offering, we computed the value of the deemed dividend based on the excess of the fair value of the ordinary shares that were issued upon conversion of the preferred shares over the fair value of the ordinary shares that would have been issued pursuant to the original conversion terms. The fair value of the ordinary shares was based upon our initial public offering price of $18.00. We recorded an additional charge of $7.2 million, for a total deemed dividend charge in 2004 of $17.7 million. We do not foresee similar circumstances that would require us to record a non-cash deemed dividend in the future.
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders. We reported a net income attributable to ordinary shareholders of $6.9 million for 2003 as compared to net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of $5.5 million for 2004. The net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders for 2004 resulted from the $17.7 million
26
deemed dividend that we recorded in 2004, as discussed above. Since net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders is used as the numerator in the computation of earnings per share, we reported a net loss per share for 2004 as compared to net income per share for 2003.
Years Ended December 31, 2002 and 2003
Revenues. Our total revenues were $29.1 million in 2002 and $67.0 million in 2003, including revenues from lead referrals of $26.5 million and $62.0 million in 2002 and 2003, respectively. These increases reflect growth in the volume of lead referrals to merchants and other listings providers, which rose from 77 million in 2002 to 204 million in 2003, offset by revenues per lead referral of $0.34 in 2002 and $0.305 in 2003.
The increase in lead referral revenues from 2002 to 2003 was caused by a higher volume of lead referrals, offset in part by lower revenues per lead referral. Revenues per lead referral declined in 2003 as a result of growth in the number of lead referrals from categories that generated lower average revenues per lead referral, such as home and garden, jewelry and watches, and clothing and accessories. To a lesser extent, the decline in revenues per lead referral reflects our lowering of minimum prices for merchant listings in an effort to attract more merchants. Revenues per lead referral in 2003 includes a full year of our agreements with Google.
Banner and sponsorship advertising revenues increased from $2.0 million in 2002 to $5.0 million in 2003, but have decreased as a percentage of total revenues from 6.9% in 2002 to 6.7% in 2003.
Our revenues from international operations were approximately $2.6 million, or 8.8% of revenues, in 2002, and $7.4 million, or 11.0% of revenues, in 2003.
Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues was $3.7 million in 2002 and $3.3 million in 2003. The decrease from 2002 to 2003 was due to the realization of a full year of savings from the transition in March 2002 of our hosting environment from a managed to a co-location facility, resulting in lower monthly hosting-related fees. This decrease was offset in part by an increase in the personnel required to support our service and an increase in hosting and capacity expenses associated with our growth in consumer usage and product listings. As a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues decreased from 12.7% in 2002 to 5.0% in 2003.
Research and development. Our research and development expenditures were $4.6 million in 2002 and $7.1 million in 2003. The increase in research and development expenditures from 2002 to 2003 resulted from an increase in personnel and related expenses in connection with the acquisition of Epinions, Inc. As a percentage of revenues, research and development expenses decreased from 16.0% in 2002 to 10.7% in 2003.
Sales and marketing. Our sales and marketing expenses were $17.3 million in 2002 and $37.3 million in 2003. Included in these expenses were advertising costs of $13.3 million and $29.3 million in 2002 and 2003, principally reflecting increased visits to our service and a $3.8 million television advertising campaign in 2003. Personnel and related expenses increased to $8.0 million in 2003, reflecting our acquisition of Epinions, Inc. and higher commission expenses. Sales and marketing expenses for 2003 included our $3.8 million television advertising campaign in the fourth quarter of 2003, which coincided with the launch of our flagship destination, www.shopping.com, and the 2003 holiday shopping season in order to build brand awareness for our service. At the time of this campaign, we experienced an increase in usage of our service, leading to incremental revenue, which we believe was less than the cost of the advertising campaign. We are unable to predict the long-term impact, if any, of this or similar programs on our business. As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses decreased from 59.6% in 2002 to 55.6% in 2003.
General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses were $8.1 million in 2002 and $8.8 million in 2003. The increase in general and administrative expenditures from 2002 to 2003 primarily resulted from the assumption of operating costs consisting of personnel, rent and related expenses in connection with the acquisition of Epinions, Inc. General and administrative expenses declined from 28.0% of revenues in 2002 to 13.1% in 2003.
27
Stock-based compensation. We recorded deferred stock compensation of approximately $3.0 million in 2003 for stock options we granted to our employees in August 2003 and thereafter. We have elected to follow the intrinsic value-based method prescribed by APB 25 for all stock options granted to our employees. For financial reporting purposes we determined that the estimated value of the 1,006,500 ordinary shares underlying the stock options granted in August 2003 and thereafter was in excess of the exercise price of these stock options, which was deemed to be the fair market value as of the dates of grant. In 2003, the amortization of this component of deferred stock compensation was approximately $0.1 million.
In addition, during 2003, we cancelled options to purchase 1,136,951 shares and issued 947,423 restricted ordinary shares subject to vesting. As a result of the issuance of the restricted shares, we recorded deferred stock compensation of $1.9 million, based on the difference between the value of the restricted shares on the grant date and the consideration received from the employees. This amount will be amortized as stock-based compensation over the vesting periods for these restricted ordinary shares, which are the same as the vesting periods of the cancelled stock options. During 2003, we recorded $1.5 million of non-cash compensation expense relating to the vesting of these restricted shares.
We recorded additional deferred stock compensation of $1.4 million as a result of the cancellation of stock options in 2003 that were reissued within six months of the cancellation. We will incur a charge for compensation expense or a reversal of a charge in connection with variable accounting for these stock options, depending on the market price of our ordinary shares at the end of each reporting period, until those options are exercised, forfeited or expire. During 2003, we expensed $0.9 million of this component of deferred stock compensation, which represented the vested portion of these stock options.
Amortization. In January 2002, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, or FAS 142, which requires that goodwill no longer be amortized to earnings, but instead be reviewed annually for impairment. Any impairment loss is recognized in the statement of operations. Since the adoption of FAS 142, we have not recorded an impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets. As part of the purchase price accounting relating to the acquisition of Epinions, Inc., we identified certain intangible assets, consisting of acquired review content, software technology and corporate trade name, that are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of two years. During 2003, we recorded $0.5 million of amortization expense relating to these identified intangible assets.
Restructuring and other charges. In September 2003, we relocated our U.S. headquarters to Brisbane, California. The plan principally impacted our New York and Israel offices and was substantially completed during 2003. During 2003, we recorded a charge of $1.0 million, consisting of $0.3 million of severance costs and $0.7 million of relocation costs. Further details regarding the components of this expense can be found in Note 12 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
Interest and other income (expense), net. Net interest income includes interest income on our cash accounts and finance expenses and fees. Net interest income increased from an expense of $0.03 million in 2002 to income of $0.7 million in 2003. The increase from 2002 to 2003 resulted from interest on our invested cash balances and lower interest expense since we repaid our borrowings with Bank Hapoalim during 2002.
Provision for income taxes. We did not record a provision for income taxes in 2002. In 2003, we recorded a provision for income taxes that is principally attributable to California state taxes and other minimum corporate taxes. We offset our remaining taxable income through the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards.
Quarterly Results of Operations Data
The following table sets forth unaudited quarterly consolidated statement of operations data for each of the eight quarters in the period ended December 31, 2004. In our opinion, this data has been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements included in this report, and reflects all necessary
28
adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of this data. The results of operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year or any future period.
Our quarterly results of operations have varied significantly in the past and we expect our quarterly operating results to continue to do so in the future. Our quarterly revenues and results of operations are affected by factors such as seasonality, timing of expenditures and the mix by product category of lead referrals that we generate. Our revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 are significantly higher than in other quarters because we experience higher traffic on our websites during the holiday season. We expect that in the future, we will continue to have higher revenues in our fourth quarters. The three months ended June 30, 2003 is the first period that reflects the effect of our April 2003 acquisition of Epinions, Inc. The results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2003 reflect a higher operating cost base attributable to an increase in personnel for our Brisbane, California office, and costs associated with the launch of our new Shopping.com brand and website. The results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2003 include our $3.8 million television advertising campaign.
Our results of operations for any historical period are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for any future period.
For the Three Months Ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2003 |
June 30, 2003 |
Sept 30, 2003 |
Dec 31, 2003 |
March 31, 2004 |
June 30, 2004 |
Sept 30, 2004 |
Dec 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 10,307 | $ | 14,679 | $ | 16,848 | $ | 25,205 | $ | 20,985 | $ | 21,352 | $ | 22,978 | $ | 33,635 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
640 | 813 | 852 | 1,026 | 1,084 | 1,167 | 1,184 | 1,458 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
1,314 | 1,637 | 1,826 | 2,368 | 2,500 | 2,691 | 2,691 | 2,776 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
6,312 | 7,180 | 9,139 | 14,673 | 10,449 | 11,897 | 11,530 | 16,522 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
1,477 | 1,758 | 2,103 | 3,467 | 2,362 | 3,174 | 3,747 | 4,556 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| | 1,561 | 934 | 2,012 | 346 | 1,334 | 2,513 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of goodwill and other purchased intangible assets |
| 164 | 168 | 168 | 176 | 177 | 176 | 176 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
| | 256 | 763 | 319 | 298 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
9,743 | 11,552 | 15,905 | 23,399 | 18,902 | 19,750 | 20,662 | 28,001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income from operations |
564 | 3,127 | 943 | 1,806 | 2,083 | 1,602 | 2,316 | 5,634 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes |
| (25 | ) | (25 | ) | (108 | ) | (6 | ) | (12 | ) | (13 | ) | (218 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Interest (expense) income, net |
(72 | ) | 194 | 147 | 371 | 168 | 17 | (274 | ) | 867 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
492 | 3,296 | 1,065 | 2,069 | 2,245 | 1,607 | 2,029 | 6,283 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deemed dividend |
| | | | | (10,500 | ) | | (7,200 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
$ | 492 | $ | 3,296 | $ | 1,065 | $ | 2,069 | $ | 2,245 | $ | (8,893 | ) | $ | 2,029 | $ | (917 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(Loss) income per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.04 | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.10 | $ | (1.54 | ) | $ | 0.09 | $ | (0.09 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.04 | $ | 0.17 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.09 | $ | (1.54 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | (0.09 | ) |
29
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $59.2 million as of December 31, 2004, a 130% increase from $25.7 million as of December 31, 2003. In addition we had marketable securities of $82.1 million at December 31, 2004. As of December 2004, we had approximately $0.1 million of cash deposits that were pledged as collateral for certain outstanding standby letters of credit issued in connection with our office lease and that, accordingly, we segregated and recorded as restricted cash.
Cash generated from operations was approximately $21.5 million in fiscal 2004, compared to $15.1 million for fiscal 2003. Cash used in operations was $1.6 million for fiscal 2002. Operating cash for fiscal 2004 resulted primarily from our net income of $12.2 million, adjusting for non-cash items including depreciation and amortization of intangible assets of $3.5 million, stock based compensation expense of $6.2 million and a loss on sale of fixed assets of $0.6 million offset by non-cash foreign currency gains.
Accounts receivable increased $4.2 million from fiscal 2003 to fiscal 2004 due to an overall increase in our business as we experienced a significant increase in the number of merchants we serve as well as an increase in our web site traffic, generating a 50% increase in revenue in 2004 compared to 2003. Our days sales outstanding from receivables (DSO) remained flat year over year at 49 days. This was offset by an increase in our traffic acquisition costs year over year, accounting for a majority of the increase in other liabilities.
Accounts payable decreased $2.8 million for fiscal 2004 due to our faster internal processes offset with an increase in other liabilities and accrued expenses of $7.5 million in fiscal 2004 compared to fiscal 2003. The increase in other liabilities and accrued expenses was due to an increase in purchases of key words as well as an increase in our incentive compensation. Accounts payable increased by $3.0 million and other liabilities and accrued expenses increased by $$2.6 million in fiscal 2003.
Cash used in investing activities was $87.7 million in fiscal 2004 as compared to cash generated from investing activities in fiscal 2003 of $7.7 million. Cash used in investing activities was $1.8 million in fiscal 2002. The cash used in investing activities in 2004 was primarily due to the purchase of marketable securities of $82.1 million from the proceeds of our initial public offering and the purchase of property and equipment of $5.5 million. In fiscal 2003 we purchased $2.1 million of property and equipment.
Cash generated from financing activities was $99.3 million in fiscal 2004 as compared to $0.07 million for fiscal 2003. Cash used in financing activities was $0.2 million for fiscal 2002. The cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2004 was primarily driven by proceeds from our initial public offering of $97.1 million whereby we sold 6,090,758 shares of our common stock, including an overallotment of 1,030,674 shares of our common stock, and proceeds from employees exercising their stock options. See Footnote 17 in our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our initial public offering.
Contractual Obligations
We have no material commitments outside the ordinary course of business except for our non-cancelable operating leases. We have no long-term debt obligations, capital lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities reflected on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2004. The following table summarizes our future minimum operating lease payments as of December 31, 2004 (in thousands):
2004 |
$ | 1,046 | |
2005 |
1,176 | ||
2006 |
958 | ||
2007 |
895 | ||
2008 |
910 | ||
Thereafter |
1,171 | ||
Total lease payments |
$ | 6,156 | |
30
Our capital requirements depend on many factors, including market acceptance of our service, the resources we devote to developing, marketing and selling our service, the timing and extent of deploying additional services, the extent and timing of investments and other factors. We expect to devote substantial capital resources to expand our product development and marketing organizations, to expand marketing programs, to expand internationally and to other general corporate activities. Based on current levels of operations and planned growth, we expect that our available funds and anticipated cash flows from operations, together with the proceeds from our initial public offering, will be sufficient to meet our expected needs for working capital and capital expenditures for the next 12 months. Thereafter, if we do not have sufficient cash available to finance our operations, we may be required to obtain additional public or private debt or equity financing. We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required or at all. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds, we may need to reduce our planned operations and expansion activities; however, we believe that available funds and anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and operating expense requirements for at least the next 12 months.
Effective Corporate Tax Rate
Our corporate tax rate reflects a mix of the U.S. statutory tax rate on our U.S. income and the Israeli tax rate discussed below, as well as the tax rates of other jurisdictions in which we have operations and conduct business.
Generally, Israeli companies are subject to corporate tax on taxable income. The corporate tax rate was reduced in July 2004, from 36% to 35% for the 2004 tax year, 34% for the 2005 tax year, 32% for the 2006 tax year and 30% for the 2007 tax year and thereafter. We have been granted Approved Enterprise status in Israel under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, for certain of our investment programs. As a result of this status, we expect to enjoy an exemption from Israeli corporate taxes on the portion of the income attributed to each investment program during the first two years that our investment program produces taxable income after utilization of our Israeli net operating losses, provided that we do not distribute that income as a dividend. In addition, we expect to enjoy a reduced Israeli corporate tax rate of 10% to 25% during the five to eight years following the tax exemption period. However, we will not be able to enjoy these benefits beyond the earlier of (a) 12 years from the commencement of production by the relevant investment program or (b) 14 years from receipt of the approval. We recorded taxable income in Israel for the first time during the year ended December 31, 2003, which was offset by tax loss carryforwards and therefore we have not yet begun to use the tax benefits for which we are eligible. As of December 31, 2004, we had generated a total of approximately $47.8 million of net operating loss carryforwards in Israel. These Israeli net operating loss carryforwards have no expiration date.
We had generated U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $74 million for federal and $66 million for state tax purposes as of December 31, 2004, which are due to expire in 2019 for federal income tax purposes and 2006 for state purposes. U.S. tax regulations place a limitation on the utilization of federal net operating loss carryforwards upon the occurrence of an ownership change, as defined. We believe that, as of December 31, 2004, the use of our federal net operating loss carryforwards was limited to approximately $4.3 million per year in accordance with this regulation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123R, which requires the measurement of all employee share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a fair-value-based method and the recording of such expense in our consolidated statements of income. The accounting provisions of SFAS 123R are effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2005. We are required to adopt SFAS 123R in the third quarter of fiscal 2005. The pro forma disclosures previously permitted under SFAS 123 no longer will be an alternative to financial statement recognition. See Stock-Based Incentive Compensation above for the pro forma net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share amounts, for fiscal 2002 through fiscal 2004, as if we had used a fair value-based method similar to the methods required under SFAS 123R to measure compensation expense for employee stock incentive awards. Although we have not yet determined whether the adoption of
31
SFAS 123R will result in amounts that are similar to the current pro forma disclosures under SFAS 123, we are evaluating the requirements under SFAS 123R and expect the adoption to have a significant adverse impact on our consolidated statements of income and net income per share.
In December 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 109-1 (FAS 109-1), Application of FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, to the Tax Deduction on Qualified Production Activities Provided by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. The AJCA introduces a special 9% tax deduction on qualified production activities. FAS 109-1 clarifies that this tax deduction should be accounted for as a special tax deduction in accordance with Statement 109. Pursuant to the AJCA, the Company will not be able to claim this tax benefit until the first quarter of fiscal 2006. We do not expect the adoption of these new tax provisions to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 109-2 (FAS 109-2), Accounting and Disclosure Guidance for the Foreign Earnings Repatriation Provision within the American Jobs Creations Act of 2004. The AJCA introduces a limited time 85% dividends received deduction on the repatriation of certain foreign earnings to a U.S. taxpayer (repatriation provision), provided certain criteria are met. FAS109-2 provides accounting and disclosure guidance for the repatriation provision. Although FAS 109-2 is effective immediately, we do not expect to be able to complete our evaluation of the repatriation provision until after Congress or the Treasury Department provides additional clarifying language on key elements of the provision. In January 2005, the Treasury Department began to issue the first of a series of clarifying guidance documents related to this provision. We expect to complete our evaluation of the effects of the repatriation provision within the first two fiscal quarters of 2005. However, we do not expect the adoption of FAS 109-2 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In June 2004, the FASB issued Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 02-14 (EITF 02-14), Whether an Investor Should Apply the Equity Method of Accounting to Investments Other Than Common Stock. EITF 02-14 addresses whether the equity method of accounting applies when an investor does not have an investment in voting common stock of an investee but exercises significant influence through other means. EITF 02-14 states that an investor should only apply the equity method of accounting when it has investments in either common stock or in-substance common stock of a corporation, provided that the investor has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The accounting provisions of EITF 02-14 are effective for reporting periods beginning after September 15, 2004. We do not expect the adoption of EITF 02-14 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2004, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 03-1 (EITF 03-1), The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments which provided new guidance for assessing impairment losses on investments. Additionally, EITF 03-1 includes new disclosure requirements for investments that are deemed to be temporarily impaired. In September 2004, the FASB delayed the accounting provisions of EITF 03-1; however the disclosure requirements remain effective for annual periods ending after June 15, 2004 (see Note 4). We will evaluate the impact of EITF 03-1 once final guidance is issued.
In March 2004, the FASB ratified the consensuses reached by the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) in EITF Issue No. 03-6, Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method Under FASB Statement No. 128 (EITF 03-6). EITF 03-6 nullifies the guidance previously included under EITF Topic D-95, Effect of Participating Convertible Securities on the Computation of Basic Earnings per Share, and requires that convertible participating securities be included in the computation of basic earnings per share using the two-class method. EITF 03-6 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after March 31, 2004. We adopted EITF 03-6 for the quarter ended June 30, 2004. We had previously computed basic earnings per share using the as-if converted method, as permitted under EITF Topic D-95. As required by EITF 03-6, we recomputed our historical basic earnings per share amounts to conform to the current presentation. The adoption of EITF 03-6 did not have an impact on basic earnings per share.
32
RISKS THAT COULD AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information in this report, before deciding whether to invest in our ordinary shares. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could suffer. In that event, the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
The rapid evolution of our industry makes it difficult for investors to evaluate our business prospects, and may result in significant declines in our share price.
Our service has been available since 1998. Since that time, Internet commerce has grown rapidly and consumer usage patterns have continually evolved. During this period, many businesses related to Internet commerce have failed, and many new comparison shopping services have been introduced and some have failed. Because Internet commerce is a young industry and comparison shopping is a new business sector, we have made frequent changes in our websites and other aspects of our business operations. Some of the special risks we face in our rapidly-evolving industry are:
| the new and unproven nature of our Shopping.com brand; |
| delays and obstacles to enhancing our service to meet evolving demands; |
| difficulties in forecasting trends that may affect our operations; |
| challenges in attracting and retaining consumers and merchants; |
| significant dependence on a small number of revenue sources; |
| Evolving industry demands that require us to adapt our pricing model from time to time; and |
| adverse technological changes and regulatory developments. |
If we are unable to meet these risks and difficulties as we encounter them, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity may suffer.
Our financial results are likely to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, which makes them difficult to predict and could result in significant variations in our share price.
Our quarterly financial results have fluctuated significantly in the past and are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future. As a result, you should not rely upon our quarterly financial results as indicators of future performance. Our financial results depend on numerous factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:
| seasonal fluctuations in consumer shopping and merchant advertising; |
| the number of consumer visits to our service and subsequent lead referrals; |
| changes in the lead referral fees that merchants are willing to pay; |
| the costs of attracting consumers and merchants to our service, including advertising costs; |
| the timing and amount of international expansion costs; |
| the introduction of new consumer and merchant offerings; |
| the loss of one or more of our merchants or other listings providers; |
| system failures, security breaches or Internet downtime; |
33
| difficulty in upgrading our information technology systems and infrastructure; |
| fluctuations in currency exchange rates; and |
| the costs of acquisitions and risks of integration of acquired businesses. |
Many of our expenses are fixed in the short term and determined based on our investment plans and estimates of future revenues. We expect to incur significant new expenses in developing our technology and service offerings, as well as in advertising and promotion to attract and retain consumers and merchants, before generating associated revenues. We may be unable to adjust our expenditures quickly enough to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall. For these or other reasons, our financial results in future quarters may fall below the expectations of management or investors and the price of, and long-term demand for, our ordinary shares could decline.
We typically generate a disproportionately high amount of our revenues in the fourth quarter of each year. If that seasonal pattern were to be disrupted for any reason, our revenues and financial results for that year could be harmed, resulting in a decline in our share price.
We may incur losses in future periods, which could reduce investor confidence and cause our share price to decline.
We had a history of losses prior to 2003, and we may incur losses again. We had net losses of $72.9 million in 2001 and $5.1 million in 2002. We expect to continue to increase our sales and marketing expenses, research and development expenses, and general and administrative expenses, and we cannot be certain that our revenues will continue to grow at the same pace, if at all. If our revenue growth does not continue, we may experience a loss in future periods, which could cause our share price to decline.
Approximately 42% of our revenues in 2004 came from Google, which also competes with us, and a change in this relationship could harm our business.
In August 2002, we entered into the first of three agreements with Google to participate in its sponsored links program. Under each of these agreements, we display merchant listings from Googles advertisers on the Featured Resources section of our service, and we generate revenues when consumers click through these listings to the Google advertisers websites. In 2004, we derived approximately 42% of our revenues under these agreements. The agreement under which most of our revenues from Google are derived accounted for approximately 28% of our 2004 revenues and expires in April 2006. We have a second agreement with Google relating to our U.K. subsidiary, which expires in October 2005, and which accounted for approximately 5% of our 2004 revenues. We have a third agreement with Google, originally entered into by Epinions, Inc., that expires in May 2006 and accounted for approximately 10% of our 2004 revenues.
Google operates a search engine for finding products for sale online, called Froogle, that competes with Shopping.com. Google could decide in the future that it prefers not to do business with us due to the competitive nature of our services. In that event, Google could decide not to renew its current agreements with us when they expire, or it could decide to offer renewal terms that are less favorable to us than the terms of our current agreements. In either case, we could experience a significant decline in our revenues and the value of your investment could decline.
If we fail to grow the number of consumers and merchants that use our service, our financial results will suffer.
Our relationships with consumers and merchants are mutually dependent. We believe consumers will not use our service unless we offer extensive product listings from merchants and that merchants will not use our service unless consumers actively use it to purchase products from them. It is difficult to predict the degree to
34
which consumers and merchants will use our service in the future. Consumers who dislike changes to our service may stop using it, and merchants who dislike the quality of lead referrals that we send to them may cease to use our service or reduce overall spending for our service. Additionally, merchant attrition or reductions in merchant spending could reduce the comprehensiveness of the listings presented on our service, which could lead to fewer consumers using our service. The top three relevant merchant listings that we display in our response to a consumer query in some product categories are selected based on the amount paid by these merchants to us. As a result, consumers may perceive our service to be less objective than those provided by other online shopping solutions. Failure to achieve and maintain a large and active base of consumers and merchants using our service could reduce our revenues and profitability.
We face intense competition that could harm our financial performance.
The business of providing comparison shopping services is highly competitive. Any service that helps consumers find, compare or buy products or services is a competitor to us. Our competitors may be categorized as focused comparison shopping websites, search engines and portals, online retailers, and other specialized shopping services and publications, such as the following:
| Focused comparison shopping websites. Several companies focus exclusively on providing comparison shopping services. In this group, our principal competitors are BizRate, mySimon, NexTag and PriceGrabber in the United States, and Kelkoo in Europe (which was recently acquired by Yahoo!). We believe that many of these companies have specific competitive advantages over us. For example, BizRate specializes in merchant reviews and PriceGrabber specializes in computers and consumer electronics categories. |
| Search engines and portals. Search engines and portals serve as origination websites for consumers to find products. Many have large audiences of visitors, consumers and merchants, established brand recognition, loyal users, and significant financial resources and personnel at their disposal. We rely on search engines for a substantial portion of the consumers visiting our websites. Yahoo! provides a service similar to ours, and Google has developed a search engine for finding products for sale online. If these search engines were to change their algorithms or otherwise restrict the flow of consumers visiting our websites, our financial results would suffer. |
| Online retailers. Online retailers serve as destination websites from which consumers directly buy products. They are skilled at building customer loyalty and generating repeat business. Consumers may bypass our service in favor of going straight to retailer websites. This risk is compounded because several of these online retailers, such as Amazon.com and eBay, are also our customers. |
Competition may limit our growth and increase our costs of doing business. Many of our competitors have significantly longer operating histories, larger and broader customer bases, and greater technical expertise, brand recognition and online commerce experience. Many of our competitors have greater financial resources than we do to invest in marketing and promotional campaigns, attracting consumers and merchants, and hiring and retaining key employees. If we are to remain competitive, we must invest substantial resources in our business with no assurance of any additional revenues. If consumers and merchants forego the use of our service for those of our competitors, our revenues and financial results would suffer.
We are subject to litigation arising out of our acquisition of Epinions, Inc., which will likely be costly and could have a material adverse effect on our business and the trading price of our ordinary shares.
On January 19, 2005, a group of former holders of shares of Epinions, Inc. common stock filed a lawsuit in Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco, against us, Nirav Tolia, the former Chief Operating Officer and a former member of our board of directors, certain members of our board of directors who formerly were members of the Epinions board of directors, and certain former holders of Epinions preferred stock, some of which are significant shareholders of Shopping.com. Among other things, plaintiffs claim that they were damaged by alleged misrepresentations and failures to disclose material information, as well as
35
breaches of fiduciary duties in connection with our April 2003 acquisition of Epinions. The acquisition was consummated following a fairness hearing before the California Department of Corporations and approval by substantial majorities of the Epinions preferred and common stock. As a result of the acquisition, holders of Epinions preferred stock received shares of our preferred stock and some Epinions employees that we hired received options to purchase our ordinary shares. The Epinions common stock was cancelled without consideration as part of the acquisition. The plaintiffs are seeking rescission of the acquisition or, in the alternative, to be paid damages. The plaintiffs are also seeking to recover punitive damages and to impose a constructive trust on misappropriated property, among other remedies. We believe that the allegations of this lawsuit are without merit and we intend to defend vigorously against this matter.
Dealing with this litigation is likely to be costly. In addition, our management could be required to spend a considerable amount of time attending the litigation. Any damages for which we may be liable as a result of the litigation, or any settlement which we may enter in order to resolve the litigation, may require us to spend a material amount of funds or to issue new securities. If we were to issue any new shares as compensation to the claimants, there would be an immediate dilution in the value of other outstanding ordinary shares, and that dilution could be significant. As a result, this litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity and upon the value of your investment in us.
Our plans for international expansion could fail as a result of risks associated with international operations.
Expanding our international operations in France and Germany will require management attention and resources, and will engage us in competition with local companies that are better established and more familiar with the preferences of consumers and merchants in those markets than we are. In addition, the risks we will face in expanding our business internationally include:
| online shopping might not be sufficiently popular with consumers and merchants in different countries; |
| we might be unable to customize our website to conform to local market preferences; |
| costs required to customize our product catalog for different countries might be high; |
| regulatory requirements in different countries might restrict some product offerings; |
| governments might impose taxes, tariffs or other limitations on Internet access or transactions; |
| foreign operations could require significant management attention; |
| foreign currency exchange rates will fluctuate; |
| protection of intellectual property rights may be weaker in some countries; |
| technological infrastructures, such as access to broadband, might be less developed in some countries; |
| we might experience longer payment cycles and greater collection problems; and |
| political instability in some countries might disrupt our business. |
Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our international operations and could affect the profitability of those operations or even cause their total failure, resulting in the loss of our investment. In such events, our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity would suffer.
The loss of a significant number of merchants could harm our business by reducing our revenues and by making our service less attractive to users.
Although merchants enter into contracts with us when they enroll in our service, they are not required to pay us any minimum amounts, or to list a minimum number of products. Merchants are entitled to a refund of any unused prepaid amounts, which amounted to $1.2 million as of December 31, 2004, and they may terminate their
36
agreements with us at any time. If a large number of our merchants were to cancel or significantly reduce the number of their product listings, the quality of the shopping experience we offer consumers would decline, leading to a reduction in the number of consumers using our service, harming our business and financial results.
Spending to develop and maintain the Shopping.com brand is costly and does not assure future revenues.
Many competing online shopping services have well-established brands. If we do not build brand recognition and loyalty with consumers and merchants quickly, we may lose the opportunity to build the large base of loyal consumers and merchants that we believe is essential to our success. In September 2003, we launched our new website, www.shopping.com, and we have had only a short time to develop recognition of the Shopping.com brand. During the fourth quarter of 2003, we spent approximately $3.8 million on a television advertising campaign to promote our new brand. We may make significant expenditures for similar promotions in the future, but we have not yet determined the timing or amount of these expenditures. There is no guarantee that this strategy will increase the recognition of our brand. In addition, even if our brand recognition increases, this may not result in increased use of our service or higher revenues.
We depend on search engines to attract a substantial portion of the consumers who visit our service, and losing these consumers would adversely affect our revenues and financial results.
Many consumers access our service by clicking through on search results displayed by search engines, such as Google and Yahoo! Search engines typically provide two types of search results, algorithmic listings and purchased listings. Algorithmic listings cannot be purchased, and instead are determined and displayed solely by a set of formulas designed by the search engine. Purchased listings can be purchased by advertisers in order to attract users to their websites. We rely on both algorithmic and purchased listings to attract and direct a substantial portion of consumers to our service. Search engines revise their algorithms from time to time in an attempt to optimize their search result listings. When search engines on which we rely for algorithmic listings modify their algorithms, this has, on occasion, resulted in fewer consumers clicking through to our website, requiring us to resort to other costly resources to replace this traffic, which, in turn, reduces our operating and net income or our revenues, which harms our business. If one or more search engines on which we rely for purchased listings modifies or terminates its relationship with us, our expenses could rise, or our revenues could decline and our business may suffer.
Recent changes to our pricing model might not succeed in increasing our revenues or might cause our revenues to decrease, which would harm our results of operations.
Because Internet commerce is a relatively new and rapidly evolving industry, we occasionally adjust our pricing model in an attempt to improve the customer experience. For example, in April 2004, we modified the pricing model for lead referrals for many of our product categories and the system for prioritizing the display of merchant listings on our service. Under this new model, the first three relevant merchant listings are selected for display solely based on the amount of lead referral fees we are paid. All remaining relevant merchant listings are ordered based on a combination of product price and store reputation, with the first of these merchant listings designated a Smart Buy. The lead referral fees that merchants are willing to pay us for these remaining merchant listings do not affect the order of presentation on our service. For the first four merchant listings displayed, we charge the lead referral fee that each merchant has indicated it is willing to pay us. For the remaining merchant listings displayed, we charge the minimum category listing fee, without regard to the listing fee the merchants may be willing to pay. Before this change, we prioritized merchant listings in all product categories according to a variety of factors, principally the amount paid to us, and charged each merchant the amount that merchant had indicated it was willing to pay us for its listing, regardless of the placement of the merchants listing on our service. We still apply this method to those product categories not affected by the new pricing model. If these changes to our pricing model do not succeed in increasing our revenues or cause our revenues to decline, and if we are able to revise our pricing model in time to reverse this trend, our results of operations would be harmed and our stock price could suffer.
37
If members of the Epinions community cease to provide us with reviews or remove their content from our service, the number of consumers using our service and our revenues could decline.
Our service contains a significant amount of consumer-generated content, primarily reviews of products, services and merchants. This content is created for us by members of our Epinions community, many of whom receive nominal payments from us for our use of this content. Our user agreement with Epinions members provides that the member retains the intellectual property rights to this content. Epinions members may modify or remove their content from our service at any time, and some have done so in the past. A small number of reviewers have produced a substantial portion of the Epinions content. If a large amount of content were to be removed from our service, it could lower the value of our service to consumers and harm our business. In addition, though we provide tools to allow the community to rate the helpfulness of reviews, we do not approve, edit or modify any consumer-generated content on our service. Epinions members have, in the past, submitted profane or other undesirable content, which could offend our consumers or merchants. If Epinions members cease authoring reviews or if the quality of their reviews deteriorates, the number of consumers using our service could decline, which could result in a decrease in revenues, adversely impacting our results of operations.
Our transfer pricing procedures may be challenged, which may subject us to higher taxes or penalties and adversely affect our earnings.
Transfer prices are prices that one company in a group of related companies charges to another member of the group for goods, services or use of property. If two or more affiliated companies are located in different countries, the tax laws or regulations of each country generally will require that transfer prices be the same as those between unrelated companies dealing at arms length. We have operated pursuant to oral and, as of May 2004 with respect to some arrangements with our U.S. subsidiary and as of September 2004 with respect to some arrangements with our U.K. subsidiary, written transfer-pricing agreements that establish the transfer prices for transactions between Shopping.com Ltd. And our U.S. and U.K. subsidiaries. However, our transfer pricing procedures are not binding on applicable tax authorities. No official authority in any country has made a determination as to whether or not we are operating in compliance with its transfer pricing laws. If tax authorities in any of these countries were to challenge our transfer prices successfully, they could require us to adjust our transfer prices and thereby reallocate our income to reflect these transfer prices. A reallocation of income from a lower tax jurisdiction to a higher tax jurisdiction would result in a higher tax liability for us. In addition, if the country from which the income is reallocated does not agree with the reallocation, both countries could tax the same income, resulting in double taxation. Changes in laws and regulations may require us to change our transfer prices or operating procedures. If tax authorities were to allocate income to a higher tax jurisdiction, subject our income to double taxation or assess penalties, it would result in a higher tax liability for us, which would adversely affect our earnings and liquidity.
Non-Israeli tax authorities may tax some or all of Shopping.com Ltd.s income, which would adversely affect our earnings.
Shopping.com Ltd. Is incorporated in Israel and conducts business operations within Israel. Its income is subject to Israeli income tax. The majority of Shopping.com Ltd.s management is based in the United States. We have endeavored to structure our business so that all of our U.S. operations are carried out by our U.S. subsidiaries and all of our U.K. operations are carried out by our U.K. subsidiary. Our U.S. subsidiaries are subject to U.S. income tax and our U.K. subsidiary is subject to U.K. income tax. Under tax treaties between Israel and the United States and between Israel and the United Kingdom, Shopping.com Ltd.s business income is not subject to tax in either the United States or the United Kingdom to the extent that it is not attributable to a permanent establishment located in either of these countries. Shopping.com Ltd. Has filed its tax returns on the basis that it does not have a permanent establishment for tax purposes in the United States or in the United Kingdom and that it is not engaged in a U.S. business. U.S. tax law does not clearly define activities that constitute being engaged in a U.S. business or a permanent establishment. The Internal Revenue Service could contend that some or all of Shopping.com Ltd.s income should be subject to U.S. income tax (at the regular corporate rates, plus additional branch profits taxes) or subject to U.S. withholding tax. Similarly, tax
38
authorities in other jurisdictions could contend that some or all of Shopping.com Ltd.s income should be subject to income tax in those other jurisdictions. If Shopping.com Ltd.s income is subject to taxes in jurisdictions outside of Israel, it will adversely affect our earnings and liquidity.
The Israeli Approved Enterprise tax benefits for which we qualify require us to meet specific conditions; if we fail to meet these conditions or if the programs are modified or terminated, these tax benefits could be terminated or reduced, which would increase our taxes and lower our earnings and liquidity.
To maintain our qualification as an Approved Enterprise under Israeli tax law, we must continue to meet conditions set forth in Israeli law and regulations, including making specified investments in property and equipment and financing a percentage of our investments with share capital. If we fail to comply with these conditions in the future, the benefits we receive could be cancelled or reduced and we could be required to pay increased taxes or refund the amounts of the tax benefits we received, together with interest and penalties. The Israeli government may terminate these programs or modify the conditions for qualifications at any time. The expiration date for the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, under which the Approved Enterprise program and its benefits are administered, has been extended several times in the past. The expiration date currently in effect is December 31, 2007. Accordingly, requests for new programs or expansions of existing programs that are not approved on or before December 31, 2007, will not confer any tax benefits, unless the term of the law is extended. In addition, from time to time, we may submit requests for expansion of our Approved Enterprise programs or for new programs to be designated as Approved Enterprises. These requests might not be approved. The termination or reduction of these tax benefits, or our inability to get approvals for expanded or new programs, could increase our taxes, thereby reducing our profits or increasing our losses. Additionally, as we increase our activities outside of Israel, our increased activities will not be eligible for inclusion in Israeli tax benefit programs. We recorded taxable income in Israel for in 2003 and 2004, but that income was offset by tax loss carryforwards. Accordingly, we have received no tax benefits to date under the Approved Enterprise tax program.
Capacity constraints and system failures or security breaches could prevent access to our service, which could affect our revenues and harm our reputation.
Our service goals of performance, reliability and availability require that we have adequate capacity in our computer systems to cope with the volume of visits to our websites. As our operations grow in size and scope, we will need to improve and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to offer consumers and merchants enhanced services, capacity, features and functionality. The expansion of our systems and infrastructure will require us to commit substantial financial, operational and technical resources before the volume of our business increases, with no assurance that our revenues will increase.
If our systems cannot be expanded in a timely manner to cope with increased website traffic, we could experience disruptions in service, slower response times, lower consumer and merchant satisfaction, and delays in the introduction of new products and services. Any of these problems could impair our reputation and cause our revenues to decline.
Our ability to provide high-quality service depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications systems. Our service has experienced system interruptions from time to time and could experience periodic system interruptions in the future. Our systems and operations also are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, natural disasters, power loss, telecommunication failures, break-ins, sabotage, computer viruses, design defects, vandalism, denial-of-service attacks and similar events. Some of our facilities are located in the San Francisco Bay area, a major earthquake zone. We do not have full second-site redundancy, a formal disaster recovery plan or alternative providers of hosting services, and outages at our data centers could mean the loss of some or all of our website functionality. Our business interruption insurance, if any, may not adequately compensate us for losses that may occur. Any system failure that causes an interruption in service or decreases the responsiveness of our service could impair our reputation and cause our revenues to decline.
39
If we fail to detect and remove fraudulent clicks, we could lose the confidence of our merchants, thereby causing our business to suffer
Click fraud is an increasing problem for the Internet advertising industry, and we are exposed to the risk of fraudulent clicks on our site. Click fraud occurs when a person or robotic software clicks on a merchant listing for some reason other than to view the underlying content. We have from time to time credited invoices or refunded revenue to our customers due to click fraud, and we expect to continue to do so in the future. The perpetrators of click fraud have developed sophisticated methods to evade detection, and we are unlikely to detect and remove all fraudulent clicks from our site. If our fraud detection systems are insufficient, or if we find evidence of past fraudulent clicks, we may have to issue credits or refunds retroactively to our merchants. This would negatively affect our profitability and hurt our brand. If fraudulent clicks are not detected and removed from our site, the affected advertisers may experience a reduced return on their investment in our services because the fraudulent clicks will not lead to actual sales for the merchants. This could lead the merchants to become dissatisfied with our service, which could lead to loss of merchants and revenue and could materially and adversely affect our financial results.
We may not be able to hire and retain the personnel we need to support and expand our business, which could cause our business to shrink, or slow any expansion.
Our future success depends on our ability to identify, hire, train, retain and motivate highly-skilled executive, technical, sales, marketing and business development personnel. Our existing key personnel include all of our executive officers and management team. The loss of any member of this team could disrupt our operations until a suitable replacement is found. Competition for highly-skilled personnel is intense in the technology and Internet markets. The process of locating, training and successfully integrating highly-skilled personnel into our operations can be lengthy and expensive. If we fail to attract, integrate and retain highly-skilled personnel, our ability to support, expand and manage our business could suffer.
We may be subject to costly litigation arising out of information presented on or collected in connection with our service, and the litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business if decided adversely.
Claims could be made against us under U.S. and foreign law for defamation, libel, invasion of privacy, deceptive or unfair practices, fraud, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement, or other theories based on the nature and content of the materials disseminated through our service or based on our collection and use of information. The law relating to the liability of online companies for information carried on, disseminated through or collected by their services is currently unsettled. Our service includes consumer-generated reviews from our Epinions website, which includes information regarding the quality of goods, and the reliability of merchants that sell those goods. Similar claims could be made against us for that content. We may be required to reduce exposure to liability for information disseminated through our service, which could require substantial expenditures and discontinuation of some service offerings. Any such response could materially increase our expenses or reduce our revenues. Our liability insurance, if any, may not be adequate to indemnify us if we become liable for information disseminated through our service. Any costs incurred as a result of such liability that are not covered by insurance could reduce our profitability or cause us to sustain losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. We may also be subject to claims or regulatory action arising out of the collection or dissemination of personal, non-public information of users of our service.
We may be subject to costly intellectual property litigation that could have a material adverse effect on our business if decided adversely.
We could face claims that we have infringed the patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property rights of others. From time to time we receive such claims and we are ordinarily involved in litigation over such claims. Intellectual property litigation is often extremely costly, unpredictable and disruptive to business
40
operations. It may not be possible to obtain or maintain insurance covering these risks. Any adverse decision, including an injunction or damage award entered against us, could subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek to obtain licenses from others, make changes to our brand, prevent us from operating our business, or cause severe disruptions to our operations or the markets in which we compete. Any of these developments could harm our reputation, our business and our results of operations.
We may not be able to protect intellectual property rights upon which our business relies, and if we lose intellectual property protection, we may lose valuable assets.
Our business depends on our intellectual property, including internally-developed technology and data resources and brand identification by the public, which we attempt to protect through a combination of copyright, trade secret, patent and trademark law and contractual restrictions, such as confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements. We also depend on our trade names and domain names. We have no patents. Applications we have filed for patent and other intellectual property registration may not result in the issuance of patents, registered trademarks, service marks or other intellectual property registrations. In particular, if we are not able to obtain a registered trademark for the name Shopping.com, and as a result are not able to protect our brand, our business could suffer from possible confusion among consumers and merchants, among other things. In addition, our use of unregistered trade names and service marks may not protect us from the use of similar marks by third parties. Intellectual property laws vary from country to country, and it may be more difficult to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights in some foreign jurisdictions. We have had experiences with other companies using or planning to use a name similar to ours as part of a company name, domain name, trademark or service mark. In the future, we may need to litigate in the United States or elsewhere to enforce our intellectual property rights or determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation would be expensive and would likely divert the attention of our management.
Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our service, technology and other intellectual property, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent any misappropriation or confusion among consumers and merchants, or unauthorized use of these rights. If we are unable to procure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, then we may not realize the full value of these assets, and our business may suffer.
We may be unable to protect our Internet domain names, which could decrease the value of our brand.
We have the right to use domain names for website destinations that we use in our business. If we are unable to protect our rights in these domain names, our competitors could capitalize on our brand recognition by using these domain names for their own benefit. Domain names similar to Shopping.com have been registered in the United States and elsewhere and in most countries the top- level domain name shopping is owned by other parties. We might not acquire or maintain country-specific versions of the shopping domain name, such as shopping.co.uk in the United Kingdom, shopping.de in Germany or shopping.fr in France. Furthermore, the relationship between regulations governing domain names and laws protecting trademarks and similar proprietary rights is unclear and varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. We may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that infringe on, or otherwise decrease the value of, our brand, or our trademarks, service marks or other proprietary rights. Protecting and enforcing our intellectual property rights and determining the proprietary rights of others may require litigation, which could result in substantial costs and divert management attention. We may not prevail if litigation is initiated.
Exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. Dollar and the New Israeli Shekel or the British Pound may decrease our earnings.
A portion of our revenues and a portion of our costs, including personnel and some marketing, facilities and other expenses, are incurred in New Israeli Shekels and British Pounds. Inflation in Israel or the United Kingdom may have the effect of increasing the U.S. Dollar cost of our operations in that country. If the U.S. Dollar
41
declines in value in relation to one or more of these currencies, it will become more expensive for us to fund our operations in the countries that use those other currencies. We do not hedge any of our foreign currency risk.
Our acquisitions have been and could be difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute shareholder value and have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
We have entered into business combinations with other companies in the past, including our April 2003 acquisition of Epinions, Inc., and we may make additional acquisitions in the future. Acquisitions involve significant risks, including difficulties in the integration of the operations, internal controls, business strategy, services, technologies and corporate culture of the acquired companies, diversion of managements attention from other business concerns, overvaluation of the acquired companies, the rejection of the acquired companies products and services by our customers and the potential impairment of acquired assets. We have experienced many of these risks in connection with the acquisitions that we completed in the past. For example, we realized an impairment of intangible assets of $6.4 million in 2001 relating to the acquisition of Digital Jones, Inc. In addition, future acquisitions would likely result in dilution to existing shareholders, if securities are issued. Additionally, the expenditure of cash or the assumption of debt or contingent liabilities in connection with these acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Accordingly, any future acquisitions could result in a material adverse effect on our business.
If we cannot adequately manage any future growth, our results of operations will suffer.
We have experienced rapid growth in our operations, and our anticipated future growth, if such growth occurs at all, may place a significant strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources. We have made, and may continue to make, inadequate estimates for the costs and risks associated with our expansion, and our systems, procedures and managerial controls may not be adequate to support our operations. Any delay in implementing, or transitioning to, new or enhanced systems, procedures or controls may adversely affect our ability to manage our product listings and record and report financial and management information on a timely and accurate basis. If we are unable to manage any such expansion successfully, our revenues may not grow, our expenses may increase and our results of operations may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Industry
If Internet usage and infrastructure do not continue to grow rapidly, our business prospects and share price could decline.
Our revenues and profits depend on the continued acceptance and use of the Internet and online services as a medium for commerce. The failure of the Internet to continue to develop as a commercial medium could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Consequently, the growth of the market for our service depends upon improvements being made to the entire Internet, as well as to the networking infrastructures of our merchant customers to alleviate overloading and response time delays. We believe that growth in the market for our service also depends upon growth in the utilization of broadband connections. If this growth fails to continue or slows, our financial results and the trading price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected.
Government regulation and legal uncertainties may damage our business.
The laws and regulations applicable to the Internet and our service in the countries where we operate are evolving. Governments may adopt new laws and regulations governing the Internet or the conduct of business on the Internet that could increase our costs of doing business or limit the attractiveness of online shopping. In addition, we might be required to comply with existing laws regulating or requiring licenses for certain businesses of our merchants, such as the distribution of alcohol or firearms. These laws and regulations could expose us to substantial compliance costs and liability. In response to these laws and regulations, whether
42
proposed or enacted, as well as public opinion, we may also elect to limit the types of merchants or products we display on our service, which could in turn decrease the desirability of our service and reduce our revenues.
The Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, issued guidance in 2002 regarding what disclosures are desirable in order to avoid misleading users about the effect that purchased listings may have on the inclusion or ranking of listings in search results in Internet search engines. This guidance may differ from the existing practices of the industry, including our practices. If the FTC brings enforcement actions against firms not complying with the guidance, and our business practices are covered by and not complaint with the guidelines, we could be subject to litigation by the FTC, as well as State Attorneys General and private litigants, potentially resulting in the payment of significant sums of money for consumer restitution, penalties and fines.
Imposition of sales and other taxes may damage our business.
Current law does not require merchants to collect sales or other similar taxes with respect to goods sold by them over the Internet in many cases. As a result, consumers are able to buy goods on the Internet without paying sales taxes required by law. Some states may seek to impose sales tax collection obligations on online retailers, or may seek to collect sales tax directly from online consumers. The Internet Tax Freedom Act, which limited the ability of states to impose taxes on access to the Internet, expired on November 1, 2003. A proposal to extend this moratorium has been made, but there can be no assurance that it will be enacted. Failure to extend the moratorium could allow any state to impose taxes on Internet access or online commerce. The imposition of Internet usage taxes or enhanced enforcement of sales tax laws could make online shopping less attractive to consumers, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
Increased security risks to us in particular and online commerce in general may deter future use of our service.
Concerns over the security of transactions conducted on the Internet and the privacy of Internet users may inhibit use of the Internet and other online services, including online commerce. Any misappropriation of third-party information collected by an Internet provider, security breach or a change in industry standards, regulations or laws or an adverse judicial determination could deter people from using the Internet to conduct transactions that involve transmitting confidential information such as online commerce, which would harm our business.
Our market may undergo rapid technological change and any inability to meet the changing needs of our industry could harm our financial performance.
The markets in which we compete are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new service announcements, introductions and enhancements, and changing consumer demands. We may not be able to keep up with these rapid changes. As a result, our future success depends on our ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies, to respond to evolving industry standards and to improve the performance, features and reliability of our service. In addition, the widespread adoption of new Internet, networking or telecommunications technologies or other technological changes may require us to incur substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our service and infrastructure, which could harm our financial performance and liquidity.
Risks Related to Our Operations in Israel
Because we maintain operations in Israel, political, economic or military instability there could disrupt our operations.
We maintain a portion of our research and development facilities and personnel in Israel, and as a result, political, economic and military conditions in Israel affect our operations there. Over the past several decades, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Since 2000, hostilities
43
between Israel and the Palestinians have increased in intensity. Continued or increased hostility with Palestinians, military hostilities with other states, or other terrorism could make it more difficult for us to continue our operations in Israel, which could increase our costs and adversely affect our financial results.
Israeli courts might not enforce judgments rendered outside of Israel, which may make it difficult to collect on judgments rendered against us.
We are incorporated in Israel, and some of our assets are located outside the United States; accordingly, enforcement of judgments obtained in the United States against us, including by our shareholders, may be difficult to obtain within the United States. In addition, some of our directors are not residents of the United States, and service of process and enforcement of judgments obtained in the United States against them also may be difficult to obtain within the United States. We have been informed by our legal counsel that there is doubt as to the enforceability of civil liabilities under U.S. securities laws in original actions instituted in Israel.
Our personnel in Israel are required to perform military service, which could disrupt our operations or increase our costs.
Many of our employees in Israel are obligated to perform up to 36 days of military reserve duty each year, and are subject to being called for active duty under emergency circumstances. If a military conflict or war arises, these individuals could be required to serve in the military for extended periods of time. Our Israeli operations could be disrupted by the absence of employees due to military service, which could adversely affect our business.
Your rights and responsibilities as a shareholder will be governed by Israeli law and differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders under U.S. law.
We are incorporated under Israeli law. The rights and responsibilities of holders of our ordinary shares are governed by our articles of association and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith toward the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters. Israeli law provides that these duties are applicable in shareholder votes on, among other things, amendments to a companys articles of association, increases in a companys authorized share capital, mergers and interested party transactions requiring shareholder approval. In addition, a shareholder who knows that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote or to appoint or prevent the appointment of a director or executive officer in the company has a duty of fairness toward the company. However, Israeli law does not define the substance of this duty of fairness. Because Israeli corporate law has undergone extensive revision in recent years, there is little case law available to assist in understanding the implications of these provisions that govern shareholder behavior.
Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares
There is a limited history of a trading market for our ordinary shares, and the market price of our ordinary shares may be highly volatile and may decline regardless of our operating performance.
A public market for our ordinary shares has existed only since the completion of our initial public offering in October 2004. The trading price of our ordinary shares has been volatile and is likely to remain volatile.
The market prices of the securities of Internet companies have been volatile, and have been known to decline rapidly. Broad market and industry conditions and trends may cause fluctuations in the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Additional factors that could cause fluctuation in the price of our ordinary shares include, among other things:
| actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results; |
44
| changes in financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who may cover our shares; |
| conditions or trends affecting our merchants or other listings providers; |
| changes in the market valuations of other online commerce companies; |
| announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships or divestitures; |
| announcements concerning the commencement, progress or resolution of investigations or regulatory scrutiny of our operations or lawsuits filed or other claims alleged against us; |
| capital commitments; |
| introduction of new products and service offerings by us or our competitors; |
| entry of new competitors into our market; and |
| additions or departures of key personnel. |
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of their securities. Such litigation could result in significant costs and divert management attention and resources, which could seriously harm our business and operating results.
If the ownership of our ordinary shares continues to be highly concentrated, it may prevent you and other shareholders from influencing significant corporate decisions.
As of March 1, 2005, our current executive officers, directors and their affiliates owned or controlled approximately 36% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Accordingly, these executive officers, directors and their affiliates, acting as a group, have substantial influence over the outcome of corporate actions requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors, any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and any other significant corporate transaction. These shareholders may also delay or prevent a change of control of us, even if such a change of control would benefit our other shareholders.
Future sales of ordinary shares by our existing shareholders may cause our share price to fall.
The market price of our ordinary shares could decline as a result of sales of ordinary shares by our existing shareholders, including by our directors, officers or their affiliates, or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales might also make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities at a time and price that we deem appropriate. The lock-up agreements delivered by shareholders, including our directors and executive officers, provide that Goldman, Sachs & Co., in its sole discretion, may release any of those parties, at any time or from time to time and without notice, from obligations under these agreements, including the obligation not to dispose of ordinary shares for a period of 180 days after the date of our initial public offering.
We may be treated as a passive foreign investment company, which may subject U.S. shareholders to additional taxes.
If our passive income, or our assets that produce passive income, exceed levels provided by law for any taxable year, we may be characterized as a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If we are treated as a passive foreign investment company, U.S. holders of our ordinary shares may be subject to additional taxes based on our taxable income and may be taxed at ordinary U.S. federal income tax rates (rather than at capital gains rates) when our ordinary shares are sold. Whether we are treated as a passive foreign investment company depends on questions of fact as to our assets and revenues that can only be determined at the end of each fiscal year. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will not be treated as a passive foreign investment company for 2004 or for any subsequent year.
45
We may need to raise additional capital, which we may not be able to obtain on favorable terms, or at all, which could adversely affect your investment in our company, harm our financial and operating results, and cause our share price to decline.
We require substantial working capital to fund our business. We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. We have in the past experienced negative cash flow from operations and may experience negative cash flow from operations in the future. We currently anticipate that the net proceeds of our initial public offering that was completed in October 2004, together with our available funds, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for working capital and capital expenditures through at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional funds prior to the expiration of this period or at a later date. In addition, if we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-related or convertible debt securities, these securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the rights of our ordinary shares and our shareholders may experience additional dilution. Any such developments can adversely affect your investment in our company, harm our financial and operating results, and cause our share price to decline.
The amendment of the conversion ratios of the Series D and Series E preferred shares after the filing of the registration statement for our initial public offering may give holders of those shares rescission rights under federal or state securities laws, and could expose us to penalties or fines.
After the initial filing of the registration statement for our initial public offering, the conversion ratios of our Series D and Series E preferred shares were changed. The largest holder of Series D preferred shares and the principal holder of Series E preferred shares offered to release us from our agreement not to consummate an initial public offering at a price per share below $16.00 without the consent of those two holders, if we agreed to modify the conversion ratios of the Series D and Series E preferred shares to cause the issuance of more ordinary shares to all holders of those series of preferred shares upon their automatic conversion in our initial public offering at prices below $16.00 per share. That amendment was implemented with the approval of our board of directors and shareholders. It is possible that this amendment was a new offer and sale of securities involving a new investment decision by the holders of Series D and Series E preferred shares. If the amendment was an offer and sale of securities and it was not exempt from the registration requirements of federal or state securities laws, then those holders have rights to bring claims against us for rescission or damages. For example, for a period of one year after the violation, a holder of any of the 2,766,573 ordinary shares issued upon conversion of the Series D preferred shares, or any of the 1,342,744 ordinary shares issued upon conversion of the Series E preferred shares, could bring a claim against us for rescission to recover the consideration the holder paid to us in the amendment, with interest, or for damages. Because the amendment did not involve any issuance of securities for cash, it is uncertain how rescission would be valued or damages would be determined. The value of the consideration surrendered by the shareholders in the amendment, and therefore the magnitude of any related claim for rescission or damages, is uncertain. One measure of rescission or damages may be the value of the consideration surrendered by the former holders of the Series D or Series E preferred shares. We cannot offer any assurance that the extent of our exposure to damages would be limited to this measure. We would contest any such claim, but any such litigation would be costly to defend and could harm our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. In addition, we may be subject to penalties or fines relating to these issuances, and such penalties or fines could harm our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
If we fail to implement changes in our system of internal controls to address reportable conditions, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or detect fraud. As a result, we could be subject to costly litigation, and current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our ordinary shares.
Effective internal controls are required for us to provide reliable financial reports and to detect and prevent fraud. We are currently assessing our system of internal controls and potential areas of improvement. We expect that enhancements, modifications and changes to our internal controls will be necessary. We have in the past discovered, and may in the future discover, areas of our internal controls that need improvement. For example,
46
during our 2003 audit, our independent registered public accounting firm brought to our attention a need to limit employee access to our revenue tracking system, to retain certain electronic records, to automate more of our financial processes that are currently performed manually, and to prepare timely reconciliations between our general ledger and certain subledgers. The independent registered public accounting firm identified these items as reportable conditions, which means that they were matters that in the independent registered public accounting firms judgment could adversely affect our ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data consistent with the assertions of management in the financial statements. We are in the process of implementing changes to address these reportable conditions, but have not yet completed implementing them. As a result, we have not yet fully remedied these reportable conditions. Completing our assessment of internal controls, implementing changes to address the identified reportable conditions and any other changes that are necessary, and maintaining an effective system of internal controls will be expensive and require considerable management attention. In addition, if we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls or prevent fraud, we could be subject to costly litigation, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and our brand and operating results could be harmed, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.
We have never paid cash dividends on our share capital, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have never paid cash dividends on any class of our share capital to date and we currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. Furthermore, Israeli law limits the distribution of dividends to the greater of retained earnings or earnings generated over the two most recent fiscal years, provided that we reasonably believe that the dividend will not render us unable to meet our current or foreseeable obligations when due. As of December 31, 2004, our accumulated deficit amounted to $149.2 million. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their ordinary shares after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our ordinary shares.
Provisions of our articles of association and Israeli law may prevent or delay an acquisition of Shopping.com, which could depress the price of our shares.
Our articles of association contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if that change in control would be beneficial to our shareholders. Specifically, our board of directors is divided into three classes, each serving staggered three-year terms, there are advance notice requirements for shareholder proposals and nominations of directors, and approval of mergers require an absolute majority of the voting power in our company. In addition, provisions of Israeli law may have the effect of delaying, preventing or making more difficult a merger with, or other acquisition of, our company. As a result of these provisions of our articles of association and Israeli law, our ordinary shares may trade at prices below the price that third parties might be willing or able to pay to gain control of us.
47
ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Interest Rate Risk
We have exposure to interest rate risk that relates primarily to our investment portfolio. All of our current investments are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value, which approximates market value. We do not currently use or plan to use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio.
At December 31, 2004, we had an investment portfolio of fixed income securities, including those classified as cash equivalents, of $112 million compared to $0 million at December 31, 2003. These securities are subject to interest rate fluctuations. Changes in interest rates could adversely affect the market value of our fixed income investments. The table below separates the remaining maturities of our fixed income securities into segments to show the approximate exposure to interest rates (in thousands).
Less than one year |
$ | 86,630 | |
Less than two years |
4,121 | ||
Due after two years |
21,200 | ||
Total |
$ | 11,951 |
We performed a sensitivity analysis on our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2004, based on a modeling technique that measures the hypothetical market value changes that would result from a parallel shift in the yield curve of plus 50, 100, or 150 basis points over a twelve-month time horizon. The following table represents the potential decrease to the value of our fixed income securities given a negative shift in the yield curve used in our sensitivity analysis.
0.5% |
1.0% |
1.5% | ||
$(196,500) | $(393,000) | $(589,400) |
We limit our exposure to interest rate and credit risk by establishing and monitoring clear policies and guidelines for our fixed income portfolios. At the present time, the maximum weighted average duration of all portfolios is limited to 1.5 years. The guidelines also establish credit quality standards, limits on exposure to any one security issue, limits on exposure to any one issuer and limits on exposure to the type of instrument. Due to limited duration and credit risk criteria established in our guidelines, we do not expect the exposure to interest rate risk and credit risk to be material.
The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our investment portfolio and we do not believe that a 10% change in interest rates will have a significant impact on our interest income, operating results or liquidity. As of December 31, 2004, our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities were maintained by financial institutions in the United States, Israel and Europe. Our deposits in the United States may be in excess of insured limits and our deposits in other jurisdictions are not insured. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our investments are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these investments.
Inflation Rate Risk
The U.S. Dollar cost of our operations is influenced by the extent to which any inflation in the other countries in which we operate is offset, on a lagging basis, or is not offset by the devaluation of the applicable currencies in relation to the U.S. Dollar. For example, when the rate of inflation in Israel exceeds the rate of devaluation of the New Israeli Shekel against the U.S. Dollar, we experience increases in the U.S. Dollar cost of our operations in Israel, harming our financial results. We may be materially and adversely affected in the future if inflation in Israel, the United Kingdom or other countries where we operate exceeds the devaluation of that countrys currency against the U.S. Dollar or if the timing of the devaluation lags behind inflation in Israel, the
48
United Kingdom or other countries. This year we plan to expand our business into France and Germany. As our business grows internationally, our exchange rate risks will grow as well.
A devaluation of the New Israeli Shekel, the Euro, or the British Pound in relation to the U.S. Dollar has the effect of reducing the U.S. Dollar amount of any of our expenses or liabilities which are payable in that currency, unless these expenses or payables are linked to the U.S. Dollar. This devaluation also has the effect of decreasing the U.S. Dollar value of any asset denominated in New Israeli Shekels, Euros or British Pounds or receivables payable in New Israeli Shekels, Euros or British Pounds, unless the receivables are linked to the U.S. Dollar. Conversely, any increase in the value of the New Israeli Shekel, the Euro or the British Pound in relation to the U.S. Dollar has the effect of increasing the U.S. Dollar value of any unlinked New Israeli Shekel, Euro or British Pound assets and the U.S. Dollar amounts of any unlinked New Israeli Shekel, Euro or British Pound liabilities and expenses.
Impact of Foreign Currency Rate Changes
Exchange rates between the New Israeli Shekel, the Euro or the British Pound and the U.S. Dollar fluctuate continuously. Accordingly, exchange rate fluctuations and currency devaluations will affect our financial results and period-to-period comparability of those results.
Since we translate foreign currencies (primarily British pounds and Euros) into U.S dollars for financial reporting purposes, currency fluctuations can have an impact on our financial results. The historical impact of currency fluctuations has generally been immaterial. We believe that our exposure to currency exchange fluctuation risk is not significant primarily because our global subsidiaries invoice customers and satisfy their financial obligations almost exclusively in their local currencies. There was a nominal currency exchange impact from our intercompany transactions for fiscal 2004. Due primarily to the effect of the weakening U.S. dollar on intercompany balances with our British and European subsidiaries, we recorded foreign currency exchange gains of $0.5 million in fiscal 2004 and $0 in fiscal 2003. Although the impact of currency fluctuations on our financial results has generally been immaterial in the past and we believe that for the reasons cited above currency fluctuations will not be significant in the future, there can be no guarantee that the impact of currency fluctuations will not be material in the future. As of December 31, 2004, we did not engage in foreign currency hedging activities.
49
ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. |
1. | INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Page | ||
Shopping.com Ltd. Consolidated Financial Statements |
||
Report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
51 | |
Report of Kesselman & Kesselman, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
52 | |
53 | ||
54 | ||
55 | ||
56 | ||
57 |
2. | INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this report and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements:
Schedule |
Page | |||
II |
78 |
All other schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are inapplicable or are not required.
50
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Shopping.com Ltd.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and related consolidated statements of operations, of changes in shareholders equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Shopping.com Ltd. (the Company) and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule for the years ended Decembers 31, 2004 and 2003, appearing under Item 15 presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit in order to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
March 22, 2005
51
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Shopping.com Ltd.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders equity and cash flow of Shopping.com Ltd., formerly DealTime Ltd. (the Company) and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2002. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys board of directors and management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit in order to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by the Companys board of directors and management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated results of operations, changes in shareholders equity and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2002 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ KESSELMAN & KESSELMAN
Tel Aviv, Israel
March 22, 2004, except for Note 16
as to which the date is September 21, 2004
52
U.S. Dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)
December 31, |
||||||||
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 25,699 | $ | 59,201 | ||||
Marketable securities |
| 82,088 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $677 and $651 at December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively |
11,139 | 15,577 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
1,318 | 2,281 | ||||||
Total current assets |
38,156 | 159,147 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
3,253 | 5,712 | ||||||
Goodwill |
16,814 | 16,814 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
1,584 | 87 | ||||||
Other assets |
1,799 | 2,288 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 61,606 | $ | 184,048 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 5,434 | $ | 1,565 | ||||
Payroll and benefit related liabilities |
3,143 | 4,238 | ||||||
Accrued marketing expenses |
2,932 | 7,914 | ||||||
Other payables and accrued expenses |
2,680 | 5,429 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
14,189 | 19,146 | ||||||
Accrued severance liability |
565 | 427 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
14,754 | 19,573 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |
||||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||
Preferred shares, NIS 0.01 par value; 90,952,040 shares authorized, 62,777,118 and 0 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2004, respectively |
145 | | ||||||
Ordinary shares, NIS 0.01 par value; 125,000,000 shares authorized, 5,171,419 and 29,571,829 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively |
12 | 74 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
213,136 | 323,600 | ||||||
Deferred stock compensation |
(3,796 | ) | (8,700 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(1,318 | ) | (1,336 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit |
(161,327 | ) | (149,163 | ) | ||||
Total shareholders equity |
46,852 | 164,475 | ||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 61,606 | $ | 184,048 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
53
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
U.S. Dollars in thousands (except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 29,055 | $ | 67,039 | $ | 98,950 | ||||||
Operating expenses |
||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
3,685 | 3,331 | 4,893 | |||||||||
Research and development |
4,636 | 7,145 | 10,658 | |||||||||
Sales and marketing |
17,329 | 37,304 | 50,398 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
8,126 | 8,805 | 13,844 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
13 | 2,495 | 6,205 | |||||||||
Amortization of goodwill and other purchased intangible assets |
| 500 | 705 | |||||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
| 1,019 | 612 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
33,789 | 60,599 | 87,315 | |||||||||
(Loss) income from operations |
(4,734 | ) | 6,440 | 11,635 | ||||||||
Interest and other income (expense), net |
38 | 672 | 796 | |||||||||
Interest expense |
(386 | ) | (32 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interests |
(5,082 | ) | 7,080 | 12,413 | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
| (158 | ) | (249 | ) | |||||||
Net (loss) income |
(5,082 | ) | 6,922 | 12,164 | ||||||||
Deemed dividend |
| | (17,700 | ) | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | (5,536 | ) | ||||
Basic net (loss) income per share |
$ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.38 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||
Diluted net (loss) income per share |
$ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.36 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing basic net (loss) income per share |
4,124 | 4,375 | 7,939 | |||||||||
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing diluted net (loss) income per share |
4,124 | 19,463 | 7,939 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation charge can be allocated to the following: |
||||||||||||
Cost of revenues |
$ | | $ | 2 | $ | 473 | ||||||
Research and development |
13 | 227 | 846 | |||||||||
Sales and marketing |
| 1,089 | 1,878 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
| 1,177 | 3,008 | |||||||||
Total non-cash stock compensation |
$ | 13 | $ | 2,495 | $ | 6,205 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
54
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
U.S. Dollars in thousands (except share data)
Preferred Shares |
Ordinary Shares |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Deferred Stock Compensation |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Shareholders Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Trust Shares |
Amount |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 |
31,754,273 | 78 | 4,038,715 | 84,764 | 10 | 172,977 | | (1,201 | ) | (163,167 | ) | 8,697 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | | | | (5,082 | ) | (5,082 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Translation differences |
| | | | | | | 15 | | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
(5,067 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series F Shares |
3,000,000 | 6 | | | | 2,994 | | | | 3,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of warrants |
| | | | | 181 | | | | 181 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Extension of stock option term |
| | | | | 13 | | | | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued to consultants |
| | 5,500 | (5,500 | ) | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
| | 37,327 | (37,327 | ) | | 41 | | | | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 |
34,754,273 | 84 | 4,081,542 | 41,937 | 10 | 176,206 | | (1,186 | ) | (168,249 | ) | 6,865 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | | | | 6,922 | 6,922 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Translation differences |
| | | | | | | (132 | ) | | (132 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
6,790 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition of Epinions, Inc. |
27,947,845 | 61 | | | | 30,439 | | | | 30,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of Series B Warrants |
75,000 | | | | | 53 | | | | 53 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued to consultants |
| | 2,150 | (2,150 | ) | | 3 | | | | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted shares |
| | 947,423 | | 2 | 1,864 | (1,857 | ) | | | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of restricted stock compensation |
| | | | | | 1,480 | | | 1,480 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Forfeiture of unvested restricted shares |
| | (2,409 | ) | 2,409 | | (9 | ) | 9 | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Deferred stock compensation |
| | | | | 4,443 | (4,443 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of stock-based compensation |
| | | | | | 1,015 | | | 1,015 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
| | 142,713 | (42,196 | ) | | 137 | | | | 137 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 |
62,777,118 | 145 | 5,171,419 | | 12 | 213,136 | (3,796 | ) | (1,318 | ) | (161,327 | ) | 46,852 | |||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | | | | 12,164 | 12,164 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Translation differences |
| | | | | | | 44 | | 44 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on marketable securities |
| | | | | | | (62 | ) | | (62 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
(18 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial public offering |
| | 6,090,758 | | 14 | 97,122 | | | | 97,136 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of preferred shares into common |
(62,777,118 | ) | (145 | ) | 16,857,911 | | 156 | (11 | ) | | | | | |||||||||||||||||
Change of par value from reverse stock split |
| | | | (112 | ) | 112 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued to consultants |
| | | | | 22 | (11 | ) | | | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of restricted stock |
| | | | | | 304 | | | 304 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Forfeiture of unvested restricted shares |
| | (9,225 | ) | 9,225 | | (1 | ) | 1 | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Acceleration of stock option vesting, extension |
| | | | | 837 | | | | 837 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options & warrants |
| | 1,460,966 | (9,225 | ) | 4 | 2,133 | | | | 2,137 | |||||||||||||||||||
Deferred stock compensation |
| | | | | 10,250 | (10,250 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of stock-based compensation |
| | | | | | 5,052 | | | 5,052 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2004 |
| | 29,571,829 | | 74 | 323,600 | (8,700 | ) | (1,336 | ) | (149,163 | ) | 164,475 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
55
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
U.S. Dollars in thousands
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | 12,164 | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,396 | 2,310 | 2,803 | |||||||||
Amortization of Bank Hapoalim warrant |
181 | | | |||||||||
Non-cash charge for issuance of equity compensation |
13 | 2,495 | 6,205 | |||||||||
Loss on sale of fixed assets |
| 32 | 562 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange gains, net |
| | (482 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of goodwill and other purchased intangible assets |
| 500 | 705 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Increase in accounts receivable, net |
(2,331 | ) | (2,599 | ) | (4,217 | ) | ||||||
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets |
667 | (204 | ) | (803 | ) | |||||||
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable |
2,316 | 2,975 | (2,811 | ) | ||||||||
Increase in other liabilities and accrued expenses |
225 | 2,556 | 7,519 | |||||||||
(Decrease) increase in accrued severance liability |
46 | 86 | (140 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |
(1,569 | ) | 15,073 | 21,505 | ||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(2,118 | ) | (2,102 | ) | (5,505 | ) | ||||||
Capitalization of software |
(260 | ) | (93 | ) | (1,565 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets |
9 | 4 | | |||||||||
Acquisition of Epinions, Inc., net of cash acquired |
| 9,920 | | |||||||||
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash |
563 | (2 | ) | 1,497 | ||||||||
Purchase of marketable securities |
| | (82,148 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
(1,806 | ) | 7,727 | (87,721 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds on sale of ordinary shares, net of offering costs of $11.9 million |
| 9 | 97,136 | |||||||||
Repayments under line of credit |
(3,000 | ) | | | ||||||||
Principal payments under capital lease obligations |
(225 | ) | (128 | ) | | |||||||
Proceeds on sale of Series E Convertible Preferred Shares, net |
| | | |||||||||
Proceeds on sale of Series F Convertible Preferred Shares, net |
3,000 | | | |||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of Series B warrants |
| 53 | | |||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
41 | 137 | 2,137 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
(184 | ) | 71 | 99,273 | ||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
(3,559 | ) | 22,871 | 33,057 | ||||||||
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents |
15 | 249 | 445 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
6,123 | 2,579 | 25,699 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
$ | 2,579 | $ | 25,699 | $ | 59,201 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
56
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U.S. Dollars in thousands (except per share data)
1. | Organization and Operations |
Shopping.com Ltd., formerly DealTime Ltd. (the Company), was incorporated in 1997 under the laws of the State of Israel and commenced operations in 1998. The Company is a leading online comparison shopping service. Through its websites, including www.shopping.com, www.epinions.com, www.dealtime.co.uk and other network sites, consumers find, compare and buy products from merchants and merchants locate consumers seeking to buy their products. For merchants and other listings providers, Shopping.com delivers qualified, in-market buyers and lower customer acquisition costs. For consumers, Shopping.com supplies product information and a helpful way to search for the right product at the best price.
Shopping.com, Inc., formerly DealTime, Inc., the Companys wholly-owned subsidiary, was incorporated in December 1998 under the laws of the State of Delaware for the purpose of marketing and selling the Companys products and services in the United States. DealTime (Europe) B.V. (DealTime-Europe) was established in April 2000 under the laws of the Netherlands for the purpose of marketing and selling the Companys products and services in Europe. In April 2003, the Company acquired Epinions, Inc. as discussed in Note 6. The Company completed its initial public offering in October 2004, as discussed in Note 17.
2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management involve the assessment of collectibility of accounts receivable in the determination of the allowance for doubtful accounts, the computation of the Companys effective tax rate and deferred tax assets and liabilities, the determination of the fair market value of its ordinary shares in determining stock based compensation and the valuation and useful lives of its capitalized software and long-lived assets. Actual results can differ from those estimates.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Functional Currency
Substantially all of the Companys revenues are generated outside of Israel. Most of the Companys revenues are denominated in U.S. Dollars and most marketing costs are incurred outside of Israel, primarily in transactions denominated in U.S. Dollars. Accordingly, the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Companys operations are conducted is the U.S. Dollar, which is used as the Companys functional and reporting currency.
Transactions and balances originally denominated in U.S. Dollars by the Company are presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances in other currencies are remeasured into U.S. Dollars at the spot rate, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation. All transaction gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations as other income or expense, as appropriate. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, such amounts were not material.
57
The functional currencies of the Companys U.K., German and former Japanese subsidiaries are the respective local currencies. Accordingly, their respective financial statements have been translated into U.S. Dollars by translating assets and liabilities at period-end exchange rates, shareholders equity at historical exchange rates and statement of operations accounts at average exchange rates for the period. Foreign currency translation gains and losses are reflected in the shareholders equity section of the Companys consolidated balance sheet as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Amounts in the consolidated financial statements representing the U.S. Dollar equivalents of balances denominated in other currencies do not necessarily represent their real or economic value in U.S. Dollars.
Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Cash equivalents consist of investments in highly liquid short-term instruments with original maturities of three months or less and are stated at cost. The Company classifies all of its cash equivalents and marketable securities as available-for-sale. The Company carries these investments at fair value, based on quoted market prices. Unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, are component of stockholders equity. Gains and losses are recognized when realized in the Companys consolidated statements of income. Impairment losses are recognized as realized or when the Company has determined that an other-than-temporary decline in fair value and losses has occurred.
Marketable securities consist of corporate, government, municipal and money market securities.
It is the Companys policy to review its marketable equity securities classified as short-term investments on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value. The Companys policy includes, but is not limited to, reviewing the cash position, earnings/revenue outlook, stock price performance over the past six months, liquidity and management/ownership of each company we invest in. If the Company believes that an other-than-temporary decline exists in one of its marketable equity securities, it is the Companys policy to write down these equity investments to the market value and record the related write-down as an investment loss on our consolidated statements of operations.
Certain auction rate securities have been classified as short-term marketable securities. Auction rate securities are variable rate bonds tied to short term interest rates with maturities on the face of the securities in excess of 90 days. Auction rate securities have interest rate resets through a modified Dutch auction, at predetermined short term intervals, usually every 7, 28, or 35 days. They trade at par and are callable at par on any interest payment date at the option of the issuer. Interest paid during a given period is based upon the interest rate determined during the prior auction.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, at the following annual rates:
Computers, software and peripheral equipment |
33% | |
Office furniture and equipment |
33% | |
Leasehold improvements |
Shorter of the lease term or the life of the asset | |
Motor vehicles |
15% |
Maintenance, repairs and minor replacements are charged to expense as incurred.
58
Capitalized Software Costs
The Company capitalizes internally developed software costs in accordance with Statement of Position 98-1, Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use (SOP 98-1) and Emerging Issues Task Force Abstract No. 00-02, Accounting for Web Site Development Costs (EITF 00-02). Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software once it is available for use. During the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, the Company capitalized $93 and $1.6 million, respectively, which is being amortized over a two-year period. For the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, the Company recorded $142 and $357 of amortization expense, respectively, which is included as a component of research and development expense.
Goodwill and Other Purchased Intangible Assets
In January 2002, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (FAS 142). FAS 142 requires that goodwill no longer be amortized to earnings, but instead be reviewed annually for impairment. The Company completed our annual goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 and determined that the carrying amount of goodwill was not impaired. The Company will continue to perform its goodwill impairment review annually or more frequently if facts and circumstances warrant a review. Since the adoption of FAS 142, the Company has not recorded any goodwill impairment.
Goodwill increased by $16,814 during the year ended December 31, 2003, as the result of the acquisition of Epinions, Inc., as discussed in Note 6.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets
The Company periodically reviews the recoverability of the carrying amounts of its long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment and identified intangible assets, by assessing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows attributable to such assets. If the carrying value of a long- lived asset is considered impaired, the Company recognizes a loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of that asset in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (FAS 144). No such impairment loss was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash is invested in certificates of deposit, which mature within one year and is used as security for the Companys office leases.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue from lead referral fees based on the numbers of times a user clicks through to a merchants website from the Companys website. Lead referral fees are recognized in the period in which the user clicks through to the merchants website, provided that evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, no significant Company obligations remain and collection of the receivable is reasonably assured. Banner advertising and sponsorship revenues are derived principally from short-term advertising contracts. Advertising revenues are recognized in the period in which the advertisement is displayed, provided that evidence of an arrangement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, no significant Company obligations remain and collection of the receivable is reasonably assured.
Amounts paid to consumers choosing to participate in our Cash Back program are recorded as contra revenues at the time of the ultimate purchase.
59
Payments from customers that are received in advance of revenue recognition are recorded as customer deposits.
Research and Development
Costs incurred in connection with the research and development of the Companys products, other than those classified as capitalized expense under SOP 98-1, Accounting for Software Development Costs and EITF 00-02, Accounting for Web Site Development Costs, are expensed as incurred.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs included in sales and marketing expenses, which include the costs associated with the Companys online and offline advertising campaigns, are expensed as incurred and amounted to $13,333, $29,320 and $40,543 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company has elected to follow Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and Interpretation No. 44, Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation (FIN 44) in accounting for its employee stock option plans. Under APB 25, when the exercise price of the Companys stock options is less than the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant, compensation expense is recognized. The pro forma disclosures required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (FAS 123), and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosurean Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123 (FAS 148) are provided in Note 11 and below.
The Company applies FAS 123 and EITF 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services with respect to options issued to non-employees. FAS 123 requires use of an option valuation model to measure the fair value of the options at the grant date.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net (loss) income to pro forma net (loss) income as if compensation cost for stock options granted to employees had been determined using the fair value method prescribed by FAS 123. The estimated fair value of each stock option is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Net (loss) income, as reported |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | 12,164 | |||||
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in net (loss) income, as reported |
13 | 1,015 | 5,880 | |||||||||
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards calculated with the use of a Black-Scholes option-pricing model |
(2,802 | ) | (2,618 | ) | (4,538 | ) | ||||||
Pro forma net (loss) income |
$ | (7,871 | ) | $ | 5,319 | $ | 13,506 | |||||
Basic net (loss) income per share: |
||||||||||||
As reported |
$ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.38 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||
Pro forma |
$ | (1.91 | ) | $ | 0.29 | $ | (0.53 | ) | ||||
Diluted net (loss) income per share: |
||||||||||||
As reported |
$ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.36 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||
Pro forma |
$ | (1.91 | ) | $ | 0.27 | $ | (0.53 | ) | ||||
60
The following weighted average assumptions were used: (1) risk-free interest rate of 4.44%, 3.03% and 3.18% for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively; (2) dividend yield of 0.00%; (3) expected life of five years; and (4) volatility of 100%.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (FAS 109), which requires use of the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Earnings per Share
Basic income (loss) per share (Basic EPS) is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to ordinary shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, net of shares subject to repurchase, using the two-class method. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under the two-class method, income from continuing operations (or net income) is reduced by the amount of dividends declared in the current period for each class of stock and by the contractual amount of dividends (or interest on participating income bonds) that must be paid for the current period. The remaining earnings are then allocated to common stock and participating securities to the extent that each security may share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. The total earnings allocated to each security are determined by adding together the amount allocated for dividends and the amount allocated for a participation feature. The total earnings allocated to each security are then divided by the number of outstanding shares of the security to which the earnings are allocated to determine the earnings per share for the security.
Diluted earnings per share (Diluted EPS) gives effect to all dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the period. The computation of Diluted EPS does not assume conversion, exercise or contingent exercise of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and warrants is computed using the treasury stock method.
As of December 31, 2002 and 2003 the Company had outstanding convertible preferred shares, warrants to purchase convertible preferred shares and stock options to purchase an aggregate of 9,778,687 and 10,942,241 ordinary shares, respectively, which were not included in the calculation of Diluted EPS due to the anti-dilutive nature of these instruments. As of December 31, 2004 the Company had no outstanding preferred shares. As of December 31, 2004, the Company had 2.6 million antidilutive options.
In October 2004, the Company completed its initial public offering of 5,060,084 ordinary shares at an initial public offering price of $18.00 per share. The Company provided the underwriters of the initial public offering with an option to purchase up to 1,030,674 additional ordinary shares at the initial public offering price of $18.00 per share, which was exercised on October 28, 2004. All of the Companys outstanding preferred shares converted into 16,857,911 ordinary shares. As a result of such conversion, and in accordance with EITF 98-5, the Company recorded a deemed dividend of $7.2 million. The Company also recorded a deemed dividend of $10.5 million related to a modification of its preferred stock in June 2004.
61
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per ordinary share for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Numerator |
||||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | 12,164 | |||||
Deemed dividend |
| | (17,700 | ) | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to ordinary shareholders |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | (5,536 | ) | ||||
Allocation of net income to participating preferred shares |
| (5,262 | ) | | ||||||||
Numerator for basic calculation |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 1,660 | $ | (5,536 | ) | ||||
Allocation of net income to participating preferred shares |
| 5,262 | | |||||||||
Numerator for diluted calculation |
$ | (5,082 | ) | $ | 6,922 | $ | (5,536 | ) | ||||
Denominator |
||||||||||||
Denominator for basic calculation, weighted average ordinary shares |
4,124 | 4,375 | 7,939 | |||||||||
Weighted average dilutive preferred shares |
| 13,866 | | |||||||||
Potential ordinary shares attributable to stock options |
| 1,184 | | |||||||||
Potential ordinary shares attributable to deferred stock compensation |
| 38 | | |||||||||
Denominator for diluted calculation, weighted average shares |
4,124 | 19,463 | 7,939 | |||||||||
Net (loss) income per share |
||||||||||||
Basic net (loss) income per share |
$ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.38 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||
Diluted net (loss) income per share |
$ | (1.23 | ) | $ | 0.36 | $ | (0.70 | ) | ||||
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair value of financial instruments has been determined by the Company using available market information and valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is required in estimating fair values. Accordingly, the estimates may not be indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. At December 31, 2003 and 2004, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximated their fair values, due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. At December 31, 2004, the fair value of marketable securities in marketable securities are determined using quoted market prices.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and trade receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained by financial institutions in the United States, Israel and Europe. Such deposits may be in excess of insured limits in the United States and are not insured in other jurisdictions. The Company believes that there is minimal credit risk associated with the investment of its cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities, due to the high quality banking institutions in which its investments are deposited and the restrictions placed on the type of investment that can be entered into under the Companys investment policy.
The Companys accounts receivable are derived from lead referral revenue and advertising contracts. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers financial condition. The Company does not generally require collateral from its customers and substantially all of its trade receivables are unsecured. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable based upon managements experience and estimate of collectibility of each account. The risk of collection associated with trade receivables is mitigated by the variety and number of customers. In addition, beginning in 2002, the Company has required customers with poor or insufficient credit histories to provide it with payment in advance of delivery of services to further mitigate collection risk.
62
During the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, a single customer accounted for 11%, 38% and 42%, respectively, of the Companys revenues and 35% and 34% of the Companys accounts receivable as of December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period from non-owner sources and is reported in the consolidated statement of changes in shareholders equity. Other comprehensive loss consists of changes in accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments during the period and unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities available for sale.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 123R which requires the measurement of all employee share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a fair-value-based method and the recording of such expense in the Companys consolidated statements of income. The accounting provisions of SFAS 123R are effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company is required to adopt SFAS 123R in the third quarter of fiscal 2005. The pro forma disclosures previously permitted under SFAS 123 no longer will be an alternative to financial statement recognition. See Stock-Based Incentive Compensation above for the pro forma net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share amounts, for fiscal 2002 through fiscal 2004, as if we had used a fairvalue-based method similar to the methods required under SFAS 123R to measure compensation expense for employee stock incentive awards. Although the Company not yet determined whether the adoption of SFAS 123R will result in future amounts that are similar to the current pro forma disclosures under SFAS 123, it is evaluating the requirements under SFAS 123R and expects the adoption to have a significant adverse impact on its consolidated statements of income and net income per share.
In December 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 109-1 (FAS 109-1), Application of FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, to the Tax Deduction on Qualified Production Activities Provided by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. The AJCA introduces a special 9% tax deduction on qualified production activities. FAS 109-1 clarifies that this tax deduction should be accounted for as a special tax deduction in accordance with Statement 109. Pursuant to the AJCA, the Company will not be able to claim this tax benefit until the first quarter of fiscal 2006. The Company does not expect the adoption of these new tax provisions to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 109-2 (FAS 109-2), Accounting and Disclosure Guidance for the Foreign Earnings Repatriation Provision within the American Jobs Creations Act of 2004. The AJCA introduces a limited time 85% dividends received deduction on the repatriation of certain foreign earnings to a U.S. taxpayer (repatriation provision), provided certain criteria are met. FAS 109-2 provides accounting and disclosure guidance for the repatriation provision. Although FAS 109-2 is effective immediately, the Company does not expect to be able to complete its evaluation of the repatriation provision until after Congress or the Treasury Department provides additional clarifying language on key elements of the provision. In January 2005, the Treasury Department began to issue the first of a series of clarifying guidance documents related to this provision. The Company expects to complete our evaluation of the effects of the repatriation provision within the first two fiscal quarters of 2005. However, the Company does not expect the adoption of FAS 109-2 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In June 2004, the FASB issued Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 02-14 (EITF 02-14), Whether an Investor Should Apply the Equity Method of Accounting to Investments Other Than Common Stock. EITF 02-14 addresses whether the equity method of accounting applies when an investor does not have an investment in voting common stock of an investee but exercises significant influence through other means. EITF 02-14 states that an investor should only apply the equity method of accounting when it has investments in either common stock or in-substance common stock of a corporation, provided that the investor has the ability to exercise significant influence
63
over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The accounting provisions of EITF 02-14 are effective for reporting periods beginning after September 15, 2004. The Company does not expect the adoption of EITF 02-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2004, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 03-1 (EITF 03-1), The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments which provided new guidance for assessing impairment losses on investments. Additionally, EITF 03-1 includes new disclosure requirements for investments that are deemed to be temporarily impaired. In September 2004, the FASB delayed the accounting provisions of EITF 03-1; however, the disclosure requirements remain effective for annual periods ending after June 15, 2004 (see Note 4). The Company will evaluate the impact of the accounting provisions of EITF 03-1 once final guidance is issued.
In March 2004, the FASB ratified the consensuses reached by the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) in EITF Issue No. 03-6, Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method Under FASB Statement No. 128 (EITF 03-6). EITF 03-6 nullifies the guidance previously included under EITF Topic D-95, Effect of Participating Convertible Securities on the Computation of Basic Earnings per Share, and requires that convertible participating securities be included in the computation of basic earnings per share using the two-class method. EITF 03-6 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after March 31, 2004. The Company adopted EITF 03-6 for the quarter ended June 30, 2004. The Company had previously computed basic earnings per share using the as-if converted method, as permitted under EITF Topic D-95. As required by EITF 03-6, the Company has recomputed its historical basic earnings per share amounts to conform to the current presentation. The adoption of EITF 03-6 did not have an impact on basic earnings per share.
3. | Related Party Transactions |
In April 2001, the Company loaned $150 to its chief executive officer. This loan, which was included in other assets, bore interest at the applicable federal rate as determined under Section 1274(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the IRC), which was approximately 5.62% and 4.58% for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively. The loan was due on April 10, 2011. The principal amount of the loan, together with the accrued interest thereon, were repaid in full in March 2004.
In December 2003, the Company hired a new chief financial officer who also serves as a director of LookSmart Ltd., a provider of Internet search solutions and paid search inclusion services. During the month ended December 31, 2003 and the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company incurred expense of approximately $489 and $1,866, respectively, for paid search inclusion services provided by LookSmart, Ltd., which is included as a component of sales and marketing expenses. In June 2004, the Companys chief financial officer resigned as a director of LookSmart Ltd. The Company believes that the prices it receives are on terms comparable to those that would be available from unaffiliated third parties. As of December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2004, the outstanding amount owed to LookSmart Ltd. was $982 and $12, respectively.
4. | Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities |
Available-for-sale investments at December 31, 2004 were as follows:
Carrying Value |
Unrealized Gains |
Unrealized Losses |
Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||
Classified as current assets: |
||||||||||||
Cash |
$ | 29,338 | $ | | $ | | $ | 29,338 | ||||
Cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||
Money market securities |
$ | 29,863 | $ | | | $ | 29,863 | |||||
Total cash equivalents |
29,863 | $ | | | 29,863 | |||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 59,201 | $ | | $ | | $ | 59,201 | ||||
64
Carrying Value |
Unrealized Gains |
Unrealized Losses |
Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
Marketable Securities |
|||||||||||||
Corporate Securities |
$ | 19,672 | $ | | $ | (40 | ) | $ | 19,632 | ||||
Municipal Securities |
21,200 | | | 21,200 | |||||||||
Government Securities |
8,304 | | (4 | ) | 8,300 | ||||||||
Commercial paper and repurchase agreements |
32,974 | | (18 | ) | 32,956 | ||||||||
Total Marketable Securities |
$ | 82,150 | $ | | $ | (62 | ) | $ | 82,088 | ||||
In accordance with EITF 03-1, the following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses related to the available-for-sale debt securities, aggregated by type of investment and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2004:
Less Than 12 Months |
|||||||
Fair Value |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
||||||
Corporate Securities |
$ | 19,632 | $ | (40 | ) | ||
Government Securities |
$ | 8,300 | $ | (4 | ) | ||
Commercial paper and agency notes |
$ | 32,956 | $ | (18 | ) |
The following table summarizes the cost and estimated fair value of current debt securities and money market securities, classified by the contractual maturity of the security:
Estimated Fair Value | |||
Due within one year |
$ | 85,030 | |
Due within two years |
4,121 | ||
Due after two years |
22,800 | ||
Total |
$ | 111,951 | |
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties, and the Company may need to sell the investment to meet our cash needs.
5. | Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment consist of the following:
December 31, |
||||||||
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||
Computers, software and peripheral equipment |
$ | 8,569 | $ | 12,787 | ||||
Office furniture and equipment |
895 | 346 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements |
524 | 363 | ||||||
9,988 | 13,496 | |||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(6,735 | ) | (7,784 | ) | ||||
Property and equipment, net |
$ | 3,253 | $ | 5,712 | ||||
65
Equipment acquired under capital lease obligations included in property and equipment comprised of the following:
December 31, |
||||||||
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||
Computers, software and peripheral equipment |
$ | 353 | $ | 353 | ||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(275 | ) | (353 | ) | ||||
$ | 78 | $ | 0 | |||||
Depreciation for fiscal 2002, 2003 and 2004 was $2.4 million, $2.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively.
6. | Acquisitions |
Epinions, Inc.
In April 2003, the Company completed the acquisition of Epinions, Inc. (Epinions), a Delaware corporation, pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the then outstanding shares of Epinions in exchange for 10,972,748 Series G Preferred Shares, 6,171,510 Series H Preferred Shares and 10,803,587 Series I Preferred Shares and options to purchase 1,302,674 ordinary shares. The assets of Epinions, Inc. and its results of operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since that date. Epinions is a consumer-generated review service.
The Company has accounted for this acquisition using the purchase method of accounting, pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, Business Combinations (FAS 141). The allocation of Epinions purchase price to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is summarized below. The allocation was based on an independent appraisal and managements estimate of fair value.
Cash |
$ | 10,305 | |
Accounts receivable |
1,549 | ||
Prepaid and other current assets |
1,600 | ||
Property and equipment |
553 | ||
Total assets acquired |
$ | 14,007 | |
Liabilities assumed |
1,346 | ||
Net tangible assets acquired |
$ | 12,661 | |
The allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows:
Net tangible assets acquired |
$ | 12,661 | |
Goodwill |
16,814 | ||
Other intangible assets: |
|||
Review content |
860 | ||
Software technology |
250 | ||
Corporate trade name |
300 | ||
Net assets acquired (including transaction costs of $385) |
$ | 30,885 | |
The aggregate purchase price of $30,500, net of the capitalized transaction costs, reflects the mid-point of the valuation range of the aggregate preferred shares and stock options issued in the acquisition, as determined by management with the assistance of a third-party valuation firm, of which $165 represented the fair value of the stock options issued based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Since the exercise price of the stock options issued equaled the fair market value of the underlying ordinary shares on the date of grant, no deferred stock
66
compensation was recorded in the allocation of the purchase price. The Company believes that none of the goodwill acquired in the acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes, since it was structured as a tax-free reorganization.
In accordance with FAS 141, the Company identified intangible assets, consisting of acquired review content, software technology and corporate trade name, the value of which were estimated with the assistance of a third-party valuation firm on the basis of the replacement cost and relief from royalties methods. These intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of two years. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identified net assets acquired has been allocated to goodwill, which is reviewed on an annual basis for impairment.
As of December 31, 2004, the gross amounts and accumulated amortization of identified intangible assets, which are included in other assets, were as follows:
Gross Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Carrying Value | |||||||
Review content |
$ | 860 | $ | 735 | $ | 125 | |||
Software technology |
250 | 228 | 22 | ||||||
Corporate trade name |
300 | 256 | 44 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 1,410 | $ | 1,219 | $ | 191 | |||
Amortization expense related to identified intangible assets was $500 and $705 for the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively. Estimated annual amortization expense for the year ending December 31, 2005 is $191.
The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003 assumes the acquisition of Epinions, Inc. occurred as of the beginning of the period, after giving effect to certain adjustments, principally the amortization of intangible assets. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred or that may occur in the future had the acquisition been completed on such date.
Year Ended December 31, (Unaudited) | |||||||
2002 |
2003 | ||||||
Revenues |
$ | 37,174 | $ | 71,029 | |||
Net (loss) income |
(5,718 | ) | 7,968 | ||||
Basic (loss) earnings per share |
(1.39 | ) | 0.39 | ||||
Diluted (loss) earnings per share |
(1.39 | ) | 0.37 |
7. | Other Payables and Accrued Expenses |
Other payables and accrued expenses consisted of the following:
December 31, | ||||||
2003 |
2004 | |||||
Customer deposits |
$ | 899 | $ | 1,425 | ||
Accrued taxes and related accruals |
755 | 2,390 | ||||
Accrued professional fees |
342 | 537 | ||||
Accrued relocation expenses |
221 | | ||||
Accrued community costs |
244 | 433 | ||||
Other |
219 | 644 | ||||
Total |
$ | 2,680 | $ | 5,429 | ||
67
8. | Accrued Severance Liability |
The Companys liability for severance pay for its Israeli employees is calculated pursuant to Israeli severance pay law based on the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of years of employment as of the balance sheet date. After completing one full year of employment, the Companys Israeli employees are entitled to one months salary for each year of employment or a portion thereof. The Companys liability is fully provided by monthly deposits with severance pay funds, insurance policies and by an accrual.
The deposited severance pay funds include profits accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israeli severance pay law or labor agreements. The value of these severance pay funds and insurance policies was $485 and $314 and is included in other assets as of December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively. Severance pay expenses for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 were approximately $262, $248, and $192, respectively.
9. | Stock Options |
In January 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Omnibus Stock Option and Restricted Stock Incentive Plan (the 1999 Plan) pursuant to which stock options or restricted stock awards to purchase the Companys Ordinary Shares may be granted to officers, employees, directors and consultants. In January 2003, the Company adopted the 2003 Omnibus Stock Option and Restricted Stock Incentive Plan (the 2003 Plan), which amended and replaced the 1999 Plan. The compensation committee of the board of directors administers the 2003 Plan (the Plan Administrator).
In February 2004, the Companys board of directors adopted and in June 2004, the Companys shareholders approved, the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan). The 2004 Plan became effective upon the consummation of the Companys initial public offering and serves as the successor to the Companys 2003 Plan. The 2004 Plan authorizes the award of incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock grants, restricted stock units and stock bonuses. The Plan Administrator administers the 2004 Plan.
In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or change in control transaction, except for options granted to non-employee directors, the options may be assumed or substituted by the successor company. Options that are not assumed or substituted will expire on the closing of the transaction or on the determination of the Plan Administrator. Options granted to non-employee directors accelerate in full upon a liquidation, dissolution or change in control transaction.
The Company has reserved 3,000,000 shares for issuance under the 2004 Plan. The number of Ordinary Shares reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan will be increased by:
| the number of Ordinary Shares issued under the 2003 Plan that the Company repurchases at the original purchase price; and |
| the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of options granted under the 2003 Plan that expire or become unexercisable at any time after the Companys initial public offering without having been exercised in full. |
In addition, under the terms of the 2004 Plan, the number of Ordinary Shares reserved for issuance under the plan will increase automatically on January 1 of each year starting in 2006 by the lesser of an amount determined by the board of directors or the compensation committee or 4% of the total outstanding Ordinary Shares as of the immediately preceding December 31.
During any calendar year, no person will be eligible to receive more than 250,000 Ordinary Shares, or 750,000 Ordinary Shares in the case of a new employee, under the 2004 Plan. The 2004 Plan will terminate in 2014, unless terminated earlier by the Companys board of directors.
68
The exercise price of incentive stock options granted under the 2004 Plan may not be less than the fair market value of the underlying shares (110% of the fair market value in the case of a 10% voting shareholder) at the grant date. The exercise price of nonqualified stock options granted under the 2004 Plan may not be less than 85% of the fair market value of the underlying shares at the grant date. Stock options granted under the 2004 Plan are exercisable for ten years from the date of grant (five years in the case of a 10% voting shareholder). Vesting schedules for stock options granted under the 2004 Plan are determined by the Plan Administrator on the date of grant, generally over a four-year period.
Restricted stock awards issued under the 2004 Plan provide that shares awarded may not be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions established by the underlying agreements have elapsed. Upon termination of employment, shares upon which restrictions have not lapsed are deemed forfeited by the grantee and transferred to and reacquired by the Company. The following table summarizes stock option and restricted share activity for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
Shares Available for Grant |
Number of Shares |
Average Exercise Price |
||||||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2001 |
188,004 | 1,802,614 | 1.08 | |||||||
Additional shares reserved |
625,000 | | | |||||||
Granted |
(536,100 | ) | 536,100 | 5.32 | ||||||
Exercised |
| (37,327 | ) | (1.12 | ) | |||||
Expired |
14,593 | (14,593 | ) | (9.56 | ) | |||||
Forfeited |
122,397 | (122,397 | ) | |||||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2002 |
413,894 | 2,164,397 | 7.20 | |||||||
Additional shares reserved |
2,692,906 | | | |||||||
Granted |
(1,385,506 | ) | 1,385,506 | 1.76 | ||||||
Issued in connection with acquisition of Epinions |
(1,302,674 | ) | 1,302,674 | 1.00 | ||||||
Restricted shares issued |
(947,423 | ) | | | ||||||
Consultant shares issued |
(2,150 | ) | | | ||||||
Exercised |
| (142,713 | ) | (0.96 | ) | |||||
Cancelled |
1,136,951 | (1,136,951 | ) | (5.00 | ) | |||||
Restricted shares forfeited |
2,409 | | | |||||||
Forfeited |
133,798 | (133,798 | ) | (3.52 | ) | |||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2003 |
742,205 | 3,439,115 | 1.88 | |||||||
Additional shares reserved |
3,000,000 | | | |||||||
Granted |
(1,017,771 | ) | 1,017,771 | 7.99 | ||||||
Exercised |
| (1,434,902 | ) | (1.49 | ) | |||||
Restricted shares forfeited |
3,387 | | | |||||||
Forfeited |
410,344 | (410,344 | ) | (3.90 | ) | |||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2004 |
3,138,165 | 2,611,640 | $ | 4.13 | ||||||
69
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding under the 2004 Plan and the 2003 Plan as of December 31, 2004:
Options Outstanding |
Options Exercisable | |||||||||||
Exercise Price |
Number Outstanding at December 31, 2004 |
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Number Exercisable at December 31, 2004 |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price | |||||||
$0.24-$0.28 |
229,434 | 4.03 | $ | 0.24 | 229,434 | $ | 0.24 | |||||
$1.00-$3.00 |
836,050 | 8.43 | 1.06 | 248,603 | 1.20 | |||||||
$3.50-$4.00 |
424,662 | 8.91 | 3.50 | 104,106 | 3.50 | |||||||
$5.00-$8.00 |
1,014,669 | 8.61 | 6.05 | 304,275 | 5.19 | |||||||
$12.00-$27.00 |
106,825 | 9.86 | 20.89 | 2,239 | 18.21 | |||||||
2,611,640 | 8.25 | $ | 4.13 | 888,657 | $ | 2.63 | ||||||
The weighted average fair value of the stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 was $4.13, $2.09 and $4.13, respectively, as of the grant date.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company had 1,684,151 exercisable options.
For financial reporting purposes, the Company has determined that the estimated value of the ordinary shares determined in anticipation of the Companys initial public offering was in excess of the exercise price, which was deemed to be fair market value as of the dates of grant. In connection with such grants, the Company recorded deferred stock compensation of $3,041 and $7,620 during the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, the amortization of this non-cash deferred stock compensation was $118 and $2.5 million, respectively.
In March 2002, the Companys board of directors approved the repricing of 1,245,463 outstanding stock options with strike prices in excess of $5.00 to a strike price of $5.00. As a result of such repricing, and in accordance with FIN 44, the Company treated all repriced options as variable grants, which required the Company to record the difference in the intrinsic value of the options for each period in the Statements of Operations. No such charge was recorded as of December 31, 2002 since, in managements opinion, there was no increase in the value of the underlying Ordinary Shares since the repricing date.
In August 2003, the Company offered employees who held stock options that had been repriced as discussed above, the opportunity to exchange such stock options for restricted ordinary shares based on an exchange ratio of one restricted share for every 1.2 stock options. In connection with this offer, the Company cancelled options to purchase an aggregate of 1,136,951 shares and issued an aggregate of 947,423 restricted ordinary shares, which are subject to vesting based on the original vesting schedules of the cancelled options. As of December 31, 2004, there remained options to purchase 5,332 Ordinary Shares that were subject to the repricing that were not exchanged for restricted shares. These options will continue to be subject to variable accounting treatment until they are exercised, forfeited or expire. In accordance with FIN 44, 189,528 ordinary shares, representing the excess of the number of ordinary shares underlying the cancelled stock options over the replacement restricted shares issued, are subject to variable accounting if replacement stock options are awarded during the six months prior or subsequent to the cancellation. As of December 31, 2004, 110,124 stock options were issued that were subject to such variable treatment.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company measured the deferred stock compensation charge relating to the issuance of the restricted shares at $1,857, based on the difference between the fair market value of the restricted shares on the grant date and the consideration paid by the employees, which will be recorded as an expense over the vesting period. During the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, the Company recorded $1,480 and $304, respectively, of non-cash compensation expense relating to the vesting of such restricted shares.
70
As of December 31, 2003 and 2004, the Company had 180,894 and 110,124 outstanding stock options, respectively, that were subject to variable accounting as provided for in FIN 44. During the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2004, the Company recorded a deferred stock compensation charge of $1,402 and $3,288, respectively, to record the difference in the exercise price of the options and the deemed fair market value of the underlying ordinary shares relating to such stock options, of which approximately $897 and $2,530, respectively, was amortized as stock compensation expense. These options will continue to be subject to variable accounting treatment until they are exercised, forfeited or expire.
During 2004, the Company accelerated the vesting of 22,500 stock options that were issued to an employee who passed away and extended the exercise period of 261 stock options that were issued to a former employee, and recorded stock-based compensation of $350 based on the difference between the deemed fair value of the underlying ordinary shares and the exercise price as of the date of acceleration. In addition, the Company accelerated the vesting of stock options for two employees in 2004, resulting in a stock based compensation charge of $500 based on the deemed fair value of the underlying ordinary shares on the date of acceleration.
During the 2004, the Company issued 1,250 stock options to a consultant, which vest over four years. Stock based compensation arrangements to non-employees are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued To Other Than Employees For Acquiring, or in Conjunction With Selling, Goods or Services which requires that these stock options are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying stock options vest. In connection therewith, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $21.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In February 2004, the Companys board of directors adopted, and in June 2004, the Companys shareholders approved, the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 2004 ESPP). The 2004 ESPP became effective upon the consummation of the Companys initial public offering in October 2004. The Company reserved 300,000 ordinary shares for issuance under the 2004 ESPP. The 2004 ESPP permits each eligible employee, as defined, to purchase ordinary shares of the Company through payroll deductions, provided that the aggregate amount of each employees payroll deductions does not exceed 15% of his cash compensation. The ESPP consists of 24-month offering periods with four six-month purchase periods in each offering period. Employees purchase shares in each purchase period at 85% of the market value of the Companys ordinary shares at either the beginning of the offering period or the end of the purchase period, whichever price is lower. The 2004 ESPP will be administered by the compensation committee of the board of directors.
The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2004 ESPP will increase automatically on January 1 of each year, starting in 2006 and ending with 2015, by an amount equal to the lesser of: 750,000 or 1% of the Companys total outstanding Ordinary Shares as of the immediately preceding December 31. The Companys board of directors or compensation committee may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year. The 2004 ESPP will terminate when all shares reserved for sale have been sold, unless terminated earlier by the Companys board of directors. As of December 31, 2004, there were no shares issued in 2004 under the 2004 ESPP.
10. | Restructuring and Other Charges |
In September 2003, the Company announced that it was relocating its U.S. global headquarters to Brisbane, California. In connection therewith and in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (FAS 146), the Company recorded a charge of $1,019 in 2003 and $612 in 2004 related to this restructuring activity. The plan included the planned termination of 29 employees, of which 15 were in research and development, 12 were in sales and marketing and 2 were in general and administrative functions. The plan principally impacted the Companys New York and Israel offices.
71
The restructuring recorded during the year ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 is comprised of the following:
December 31 | ||||||
2003 |
2004 | |||||
Employee severance and other termination benefits |
$ | 343 | $ | 91 | ||
Relocation costs |
676 | 521 | ||||
Total |
$ | 1,019 | $ | 612 | ||
The following is a reconciliation of the remaining accrued liability as of December 31, 2004:
Employee Severance and Other Termination Benefits |
Relocation Costs |
Total |
||||||||||
Beginning balance as of January 1, 2003 |
$ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Add: restructuring and relocation costs incurred in 2003 |
343 | 676 | 1,019 | |||||||||
Less: Amount paid during the year ended December 31, 2003 |
(230 | ) | (450 | ) | (680 | ) | ||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2003 |
$ | 113 | $ | 226 | $ | 339 | ||||||
Add: restructuring and relocation costs incurred in 2004 |
91 | 521 | 612 | |||||||||
Less: Amount paid during the year ended December 31, 2004 |
(204 | ) | (716 | ) | (920 | ) | ||||||
Ending balance |
$ | | $ | 31 | $ | 31 | ||||||
The Company expects to make payments on the remaining accrued relocation by March 31, 2005.
11. | Income Taxes |
Deferred tax assets are comprised of the following:
December 31, |
||||||||
2003 |
2004 |
|||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
$ | 29,373 | $ | 29,733 | ||||
Depreciation and other |
1,181 | 1,189 | ||||||
Reserves |
579 | 593 | ||||||
Credits |
515 | 1,051 | ||||||
Capitalized start-up costs |
373 | | ||||||
Gross deferred tax assets |
32,021 | 32,566 | ||||||
Deferred tax liability |
(347 | ) | (87 | ) | ||||
Less: valuation allowance |
(31,674 | ) | (32,479 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax asset |
$ | | $ | | ||||
FAS 109 requires that a valuation allowance be recorded when it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized. FAS 109 also provides that deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss carryforwards must be valued based on the statutory tax rate that is in effect in the period that the tax losses reverse or will be utilized. Since, as noted below, the Company has qualified as an Approved Enterprise in Israel, the statutory tax rate at which its Israeli tax losses reverse is 0%. Since the Company has incurred net losses and future income is uncertain, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2003 and 2004.
72
In accordance with FAS 109, deferred tax assets of approximately $13.5 million were recorded during 2003 in connection with the acquisition of Epinions, Inc. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets. A portion of the valuation allowance will be released to the extent that the realization of the deferred tax assets becomes more likely than not. Any such release will be recorded as an increase in goodwill and will not be recorded in the Statements of Operations.
The provision for income taxes is comprised of the following:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 | |||||||
Current: |
|||||||||
Federal |
$ | | $ | 100 | $ | 169 | |||
State |
| 50 | 19 | ||||||
Foreign |
| 8 | 61 | ||||||
Total current |
| 158 | 249 | ||||||
Deferred: |
|||||||||
Federal |
| | | ||||||
State |
| | | ||||||
Foreign |
| | | ||||||
Total deferred |
| | | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
$ | | $ | 158 | $ | 249 | |||
The Companys effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory tax rate for December 31, 2003 and 2004 as follows:
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||
2003 |
2004 |
|||||
Federal statutory rate |
34.0 | % | 34.0 | % | ||
State taxes, net of federal benefit |
-4.4 | % | 2.6 | % | ||
Disqualified dispositions |
0.0 | % | -22.3 | % | ||
Stock based compensation |
0.0 | % | 5.4 | % | ||
Foreign income at other than U.S. tax rate |
0.2 | % | 2.4 | % | ||
Change in valuation allowance |
44.8 | % | 6.6 | % | ||
Tax holiday |
-74.7 | % | -35.0 | % | ||
Change in tax reserves |
1.4 | % | 0.8 | % | ||
Other |
0.9 | % | 7.5 | % | ||
Provision for taxes |
2.2 | % | 2.0 | % |
As of December 31, 2003, the Company had combined net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $74 million for federal and $66 million for state tax purposes. If not utilized, these carryforwards will begin to expire in 2019 for federal purposes and 2006 for state purposes. The Company has research credit carryforwards of approximately $789 and $397 for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. If not utilized, the federal credits carryforward will expire in various amounts beginning in 2019. The California credits can be carried forward indefinitely.
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 limits the use of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in certain situations where changes occur in the stock ownership of a company. In the event the Company has had a change of ownership, utilization of the carryforwards is restricted. Prior to December 31, 2002, the Company experienced ownership changes as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the IRC) that limited
73
approximately $31.7 million of net operating loss carryforwards to an annual limitation of approximately $2.9 million.
In addition, due to the Companys acquisition of Epinions, Inc. in April 2003, the Company has available pre-ownership change federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $28 million, which expire beginning in 2019. The Epinions Section 382 pre-ownership change net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation of approximately $2.3 million in the first five years after the acquisition and $1.4 million for subsequent years.
The Companys pre-ownership change federal and state research credit carryforwards are also subject to an annual limitation as defined in Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code. The annual limitation, however, exceeds the total amount of research credit carryforwards.
As of December 31, 2004, the Company had generated Israeli net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $47.8 million, which do not expire. As of December 31, 2004, the Company had generated net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1.8 million and $6.2 million in the U.K. and Germany, respectively.
The Company has received approval as an Approved Enterprise in Israel under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, for certain investment programs and is therefore eligible for certain Israeli tax benefits. Pursuant to these benefits, the Company may enjoy a tax exemption from Israeli taxes on the portion of the income attributed to each investment program during the first two years in which the investment program produces taxable income, subject to certain timing restrictions, provided that it does not distribute such income as a dividend. In addition, the Company will enjoy a reduced tax rate of 10% to 25% for the next five to eight years.
The period of tax benefits detailed above is subject to limits of the earlier of 12 years from the commencement of production, or 14 years from receiving the approval. The entitlement to the above benefits is conditional upon the Companys fulfilling the conditions stipulated by the law and the regulations published thereunder, and the instruments of approval for the specific investments in Approved Enterprises. If the Company fails to comply with these conditions, the benefits may be canceled and the Company may be required to refund the amount of the benefits, in whole or in part, including interest.
Should the Company derive income in Israel from sources other than the Approved Enterprise during the period of benefits, such income will be taxable at regular Israeli corporate tax rate of 36%.
The Israeli corporate tax rate was reduced in July 2004, from 36% to 35% for 2004, 34% for 2005, 32% in 2006 and 30% in 2007 and thereafter.
12. | Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
Equipment acquired under capital lease
During 2002, the Company acquired equipment under capital leases in the amount of $353.
Other
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 | |||||||
Cash paid during the year for: |
|||||||||
Interest |
$ | 386 | $ | 32 | $ | 18 | |||
Income Taxes |
$ | | $ | 23 | $ | 85 | |||
Non cash financing activities: |
|||||||||
Issuance of stock for acquisitions |
$ | | $ | 30,500 | $ | |
74
13. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Leases
The Company leases office and equipment under noncancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through 2009. Rent expense for the year ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 amounted to approximately $951, $897, and $1,314, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable leases at December 31, 2004 were as follows:
Years ending December 31, |
|||
2005 |
$ | 1,046 | |
2006 |
1,176 | ||
2007 |
958 | ||
2008 |
895 | ||
2009 |
910 | ||
Thereafter |
1,171 | ||
Total minimum lease payments |
$ | 6,156 | |
Contingencies
On January 19, 2005, a group of former holders of shares of Epinions, Inc. common stock filed a lawsuit in Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco, Nirav Tolia, the Companys former Chief Operating Officer and a former member of the Companys board of directors, certain members of the board of directors who formerly were members of the Epinions board of directors, certain former holders of Epinions preferred stock, some of which are our significant shareholders and the Company. Among other things, plaintiffs claim that they were damaged by alleged misrepresentations and failures to disclose material information, as well as breaches of fiduciary duties in connection with the Companys April 2003 acquisition of Epinions. The acquisition was consummated following a fairness hearing before the California Department of Corporations and approval by substantial majorities of the Epinions preferred and common stock. As a result of the acquisition, holders of Epinions preferred stock received shares of the Companys preferred stock and certain Epinions employees that were hired by the Company received options to purchase the Companys ordinary shares. The Epinions common stock was cancelled without consideration as part of the acquisition. The plaintiffs are seeking rescission of the acquisition or, in the alternative, to be paid damages. The plaintiffs are also seeking to recover punitive damages and to impose a constructive trust on misappropriated property, among other remedies. The Company believes that the allegations of this lawsuit are without merit and we intend to defend vigorously against this matter.
After the initial filing of the registration statement for the Companys initial public offering, the conversion ratios of the Companys Series D and Series E Shares were changed. The largest holder of Series D Shares and the principal holder of Series E Shares offered to release the Company from its agreement not to consummate an initial public offering at a price per share below $16.00 without the consent of those two holders, if the Company and the shareholders agreed to modify the conversion ratios of the Series D and Series E Shares to cause the issuance of more Ordinary Shares to all holders of those series of preferred shares upon their automatic conversion in the Companys initial public offering at prices below $16.00 per share. That amendment was implemented with the approval of the Companys board of directors and shareholders. If that amendment constituted an offer and sale of securities in violation of the federal and state securities laws, the holders of Series D and Series E Shares may have rights to bring claims against the Company for rescission rights or damages. The value of the consideration surrendered by the shareholders in exchange, and therefore the magnitude of any related claim for rescission or damages, is uncertain. One measure of rescission or damages is the value of the consideration surrendered by former holders of Series D or Series E Shares; if value is equivalent to the value of the additional ordinary shares ultimately issued as a result of the amendment, the that value is $7.2 million plus interest (at the $18.00 per share initial public offering price). However, the Company cannot offer any assurance that the extent of its exposure to claims would be limited to this amount, or calculated according to these assumptions. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any provision with regard to these potential claims.
75
The Company is involved from time to time in routine legal matters in the course of its business. Although the ultimate outcome of these matters is not presently determinable, management believes that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Accordingly, no provision with regard to these matters has been recorded in the Companys financial statements.
Indemnifications
The Company enters into various indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company typically indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally its business partners or customers, in connection with (among other things) any patent, copyright or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third party with respect to the Companys service offering. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after execution of the agreement, subject to applicable statutes of limitations. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unspecified. To date, the Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements.
The Company also, in accordance with its Articles of Association, indemnifies certain officers and employees for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the officer or employee is or was serving at its request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification period is indefinite. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unspecified. The Company has no reason to believe that there is any material liability for actions, events or occurrences that have occurred to date.
14. | Geographic Segment Information |
The Company has determined that it has a single operating segment. The Companys chief operating decision maker, its chief executive officer, reviews financial information and makes resource allocation decision on a combined basis. The Companys operating segment is designing, developing, selling and marketing its comparison shopping service. As such, no operating segments have been aggregated. The Company maintains development operations in the United States and Israel. The Companys sales and marketing operations are maintained in the United States and Europe. The Company attributes geographic revenues based on the entity that records the revenue.
Geographic information for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 | |||||||
Net revenues: |
|||||||||
United States |
$ | 26,485 | $ | 59,634 | $ | 84,094 | |||
Europe |
2,570 | 7,405 | 14,856 | ||||||
$ | 29,055 | $ | 67,039 | $ | 98,950 | ||||
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 | |||||||
Long-lived assets: |
|||||||||
United States |
$ | 455 | $ | 3,327 | $ | 6,274 | |||
Israel |
311 | 648 | 1,035 | ||||||
Europe |
92 | 181 | 500 | ||||||
$ | 858 | $ | 4,156 | $ | 7,809 | ||||
76
15. | Defined Contribution Plan |
The Company maintains a defined contribution plan in the United States, which qualifies as a tax deferred savings plan under Section 401(k) of the IRC. Eligible U.S. employees may contribute a percentage of their pretax salaries, subject to certain IRC limitations. The plan provides for employer matching contributions to be made at the discretion of the board of directors. No employer matching contributions were made during the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003. During the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company made matching contributions of $168.
16. | Stockholders Equity |
Stock Split
The Companys board of directors and shareholders approved in May 2004 and June 2004, respectively, a reverse stock split of 1-for-4 Ordinary Shares. All share, per share and stock option data information in the accompanying consolidated financial statements has been retroactively restated for all periods to reflect the reverse stock split.
Revised Articles of Association
In May 2004, the Companys board of directors adopted, and in June 2004, the Companys shareholders approved, revisions to its articles of association that amend (i) the definition of a Qualified IPO to be an initial public offering of the Companys Ordinary Shares that raises net proceeds for the Company of a minimum of $30 million and (ii) the conversion ratios of certain classes of Preferred Shares, such that holders of the Series A Shares, Series B Shares, Series C Shares and Series F Shares will have the right at any time to convert such shares to Ordinary Shares on a 0.25-to-1 basis, holders of Series D Shares will have the right at any time to convert such shares to Ordinary Shares at the rate of 0.30943 Ordinary Shares for each Series D Share, holders of Series E Shares will have the right at any time to convert such shares to Ordinary Shares at the rate of 0.34053 Ordinary Shares for each Series E Share, and the holders of Series G, H and I Preferred Shares will have the right at any time to convert such shares to Ordinary Shares at the rate of 0.25985 Ordinary Shares for each such Preferred Share (Conversion Scenario I). Preferred Shares were automatically converted into Ordinary Shares at the conversion ratio then in effect contemporaneously with the consummation by the Company of the initial public offering. The modification of the conversion ratios represented by this amendment was treated as an induced conversation of Preferred Shares and as a result, the Company recorded a deemed dividend upon the closing of its initial public offering.
As of December 31, 2004, the Companys authorized capital consisted of 90,952,040 preferred shares and 125,000,000 ordinary shares, NIS 0.01 par value per share.
17. | Initial Public Offering |
In October 2004, the Company completed its initial public offering of 5,060,084 ordinary shares at an initial public offering price of $18.00 per share. The Company provided underwriters of the initial public offering with an option to purchase up to an additional 1,030,674 ordinary shares at the same price, which was exercised on October 28, 2004. All of the Companys outstanding preferred shares converted into 16,857,911 ordinary shares. As a result of such conversion, and in accordance with EITF 98-5, the Company recorded an additional deemed non-cash dividend of $10.5 in the second quarter and $7.2 million during the fourth quarter.
77
SCHEDULE IIVALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(U.S. Dollars in thousands)
The following table summarizes the allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004:
December 31, |
||||||||||||
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Beginning balance |
$ | 650 | $ | 1,069 | $ | 677 | ||||||
Additions |
1,216 | 741 | 517 | |||||||||
Write-offs |
(797 | ) | (1,133 | ) | (543 | ) | ||||||
Ending balance |
$ | 1,069 | $ | 677 | $ | 651 | ||||||
78
ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. |
Not Applicable.
ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are responsible for establishing, maintaining and evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are sufficiently effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in periodic reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commissions rules and forms.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in internal controls. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION. |
Not Applicable.
79
PART III. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT. |
Except for the information concerning our Code of Conduct as described below, the information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our June 2005 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
We have adopted a code of ethics, which we call our Code of Conduct that applies to all employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer/controller, and persons performing similar functions. The Code of Conduct is available on our website at http://investor.shopping.com/downloads/conduct.pdf. We intend to post at this address any future amendments or waivers of our Code of Conduct that would otherwise be required to be disclosed in Form 8-K.
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION. |
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our June 2005 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS. |
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our June 2005 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS. |
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our June 2005 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES. |
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our June 2005 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
PART IV
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES |
(a) | The following documents are filed as part of this report: |
1. | Financial StatementsSee Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. |
2. | Financial Statement SchedulesSchedule IIValuation and Qualifying Accounts |
Schedules not listed have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.
80
3. | Exhibits |
Incorporation by Reference | ||||||||||
Number |
Exhibit Title |
Filed with Form 10-K |
Form |
File No. |
Date Filed | |||||
2.01 |
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 9, 2003, by and among Epinions, Inc., DealTime Merger Sub 1, Inc. and Registrant. |
S-1 | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
3.01 |
Memorandum of Association of Registrant (English translation). |
S-1 | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
3.03 |
Articles of Association of Registrant. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 05/26/2004 | ||||||
4.01 |
Specimen of certificate for Ordinary Shares. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 05/26/2004 | ||||||
4.02 |
Third Amended and Restated Shareholders Rights Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2003, by and among Registrant and certain shareholders of Registrant. |
S-1 | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
10.01* |
2003 Omnibus Stock Option and Restricted Stock Incentive Plan (amending and replacing the 1999 Omnibus Stock Option and Restricted Stock Incentive Plan) and form of option grant. |
S-1 | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
10.02* |
2004 Equity Incentive Plan. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 05/26/2004 | ||||||
10.03* |
Forms of Notice of Option Grant and Stock Option Agreement for Non-Executives and Executives. |
8-K | 01/31/2005 | |||||||
10.04 |
2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 05/26/2004 | ||||||
10.05 |
Commercial Lease Agreement, dated October 7, 2002, between Am Ram Development South Netanya Ltd. and DealTime Ltd. (now Shopping.com Ltd.) (English translation). |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
10.06 |
Office Lease Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2003, by and between Sierra Point, LLC and Shopping.com (California), Inc. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
10.07 |
Advertising Services Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2002, as amended on April 23, 2003, by and between Google Technology, Inc. (now Google, Inc.) and DealTime, Inc. (now Shopping.com, Inc.). |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 09/24/2004 | ||||||
10.08 |
Google Services Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2004, by and between Google, Inc. and Shopping.com UK Ltd. |
X | ||||||||
10.09 |
Google Services Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2003, by and between Google Technology, Inc. (now Google, Inc.) and Epinions, Inc. (now Shopping.com (California), Inc.). |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 09/10/2004 | ||||||
10.10 |
Amendment Number One, dated February 21, 2005, to Google Services Agreement, dated February 22, 2003, by and between Google, Inc. and Shopping.com, Inc. |
X |
81
Incorporation by Reference | ||||||||||
Number |
Exhibit Title |
Filed with Form 10-K |
Form |
File No. |
Date Filed | |||||
10.11* |
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2000, by and between Daniel Ciporin and DealTime, Inc. (now Shopping.com, Inc.). |
S-1 | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
10.12* |
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2001, as amended on April 15, 2003, by and between Ignacio Fanlo and DealTime, Inc. (now Shopping.com, Inc.). |
S-1 | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
10.14* |
Employment Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2003, by and between Greg Santora and Shopping.com (California), Inc. |
S-1 | 333-113846 | 03/23/2004 | ||||||
10.15* |
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Shopping.com Ltd. and each of its directors and officers. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 04/15/2004 | ||||||
10.16 |
Form of Google Insertion Order |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 04/15/2004 | ||||||
10.17 |
Insertion Order, dated as of November 6, 2003, by and between Google Technology, Inc. (now Google, Inc.) and Epinions, Inc. (now Shopping.com (California), Inc.). |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 06/10/2004 | ||||||
10.18* |
2004 Performance Incentive Plan. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 09/29/2004 | ||||||
10.19* |
Description of Director Compensation. |
X | ||||||||
21.01 |
Subsidiaries of Registrant. |
S-1/A | 333-113846 | 09/09/2004 | ||||||
23.01 |
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
X | ||||||||
23.02 |
Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
X | ||||||||
24.01 |
Powers of Attorney (included in the signature page). |
X | ||||||||
31.01 |
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer |
X | ||||||||
31.02 |
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer |
X | ||||||||
32.01 |
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer |
X | ||||||||
32.02 |
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer |
X |
* | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which the Registrants executive officers or directors may participate. |
| Confidential treatment has been requested for certain portions of this document pursuant to an application for confidential treatment sent to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such portions are omitted from this filing and are filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
82
Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on it behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
SHOPPING.COM LTD. | ||
By: |
/s/ GREG J. SANTORA | |
Greg J. Santora | ||
Chief Financial Officer | ||
Date: March 22, 2005 |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
By signing this Form 10-K below, I hereby appoint each of Daniel T. Ciporin and Greg J. Santora as my attorney-in-fact to sign all amendments to this Form 10-K on my behalf, and to file this Form 10-K (including all exhibits and other documents related to the Form 10-K) with the Securities and Exchange Commission. I authorize each of my attorneys-in-fact to (1) appoint a substitute attorney-in-fact for himself and (2) perform any actions that he believes are necessary or appropriate to carry out the intention and purpose of this Power of Attorney. I ratify and confirm all lawful actions taken directly or indirectly by my attorneys-in-fact and by any properly appointed substitute attorneys-in-fact.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Name |
Title |
Date | ||
Principal Executive Officer: | ||||
/s/ DANIEL T. CIPORIN Daniel T. Ciporin |
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors |
March 22, 2005 | ||
Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer: | ||||
/s/ GREG J. SANTORA Greg J. Santora |
Chief Financial Officer |
March 22, 2005 | ||
Additional Directors: | ||||
/s/ ALEX W. PETE HART Alex W. Pete Hart |
Director |
March 22, 2005 | ||
/s/ ELIZABETH CROSS Elizabeth Cross |
Director |
March 22, 2005 | ||
/s/ MICHAEL A. EISENBERG Michael A. Eisenberg |
Director |
March 22, 2005 | ||
/s/ J. WILLIAM GURLEY J. William Gurley |
Director |
March 22, 2005 |
83
Name |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ JOHN JOHNSTON John Johnston |
Director |
March 22, 2005 | ||
/s/ REINHARD LIEDL Reinhard Liedl |
Director |
March 22, 2005 | ||
/s/ ANN MATHER Ann Mather |
Director |
March 22, 2005 | ||
/s/ LORRIE NORRINGTON Lorrie Norrington |
Director |
March 22, 2005 |
84
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit |
Exhibit Description | |
10.08 | Google Services Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2004, by and between Google, Inc. and Shopping.com UK Ltd. | |
10.10 | Amendment Number One, dated February 21, 2005, to Google Services Agreement, dated February 22, 2003, by and between Google, Inc. and Shopping.com, Inc. | |
10.19* | Description of Director Compensation. | |
23.01 | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
23.02 | Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
24.01 | Power of Attorney (see signature page) | |
31.01 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer | |
31.02 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer | |
32.01 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer | |
32.02 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer |
| Confidential treatment has been requested for certain portions of this document pursuant to an application for confidential treatment sent to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such portions are omitted from this filing and are filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
* | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which the Registrants executive officers or directors may participate. |
85