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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2004

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 1-13754

ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

440 Lincoln Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01653

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(508) 855-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes x No ¨

APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY

PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ¨ No ¨

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date:     53,239,867 shares of common stock outstanding, as of November 1, 2004.

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Allmerica Financial Corporation (“AFC” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the requirements of Form 10-Q.

The interim consolidated financial statements of AFC include the accounts of The Hanover Insurance Company (“Hanover”) and Citizens Insurance Company of America (“Citizens”), AFC’s principal property and casualty companies; Allmerica Financial Life Insurance and Annuity Company (“AFLIAC”) and First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company (“FAFLIC”), AFC’s principal life insurance and annuity companies; and certain other insurance and non-insurance subsidiaries. These legal entities conduct their operations through several business segments discussed in Note 10. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2004, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2003 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached several consensuses regarding the application of guidance related to the evaluation of whether an investment is other than temporarily impaired in accordance with EITF Issue No. 03-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and its Application to Certain Investments (“EITF No. 03-1”). However, on September 30, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) delayed indefinitely the effective date for the measurement and recognition guidance of EITF No. 03-1. The disclosure requirements were not deferred. EITF No. 03-1 describes certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures that are required for marketable fixed maturities and equity securities covered by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, including the aggregate amount of unrealized losses and the aggregate related fair value of investments with unrealized losses, by investment type, as well as additional information supporting the conclusion that the impairments are not other than temporary, such as the nature of the investment(s), cause of impairment and severity and duration of the impairment. The disclosures required by EITF No. 03-1 were effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2003. The additional disclosures for cost method investments were effective for fiscal years ending after June 15, 2004. The Company implemented the disclosure requirements of this EITF for its fiscal year ending December 31, 2003. The adoption of the remaining provisions of EITF 03-1 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In July 2003, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position 03-1, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts (“SOP 03-1”). SOP 03-1 is applicable to all insurance enterprises as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises. This statement provides guidance regarding accounting and disclosures of separate account assets and liabilities and an insurance company’s interest in such separate accounts. It further provides for the accounting and disclosures related to contractholder transfers to separate accounts from a company’s general account and the determination of the balance that accrues to the benefit of the contractholder. In addition, SOP 03-1 provides guidance for determining any additional liabilities for guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDB”) or other insurance benefit features, potential benefits available only on annuitization and liabilities related to sales inducements, such as immediate bonus payments, persistency bonuses, and enhanced crediting rates or “bonus interest” rates, as well as the required disclosures related to these items. This statement was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2003. The determination of the GMDB reserve under SOP 03-1 is complex and requires various assumptions, including, among other items, estimates of future market returns and expected contract persistency. Upon adoption of this statement in the first quarter of 2004, the Company recorded a $57.2

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million charge, net of taxes. This charge was reported as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities – an interpretation of ARB No. 51, which was subsequently revised by the December 2003 issuance of Interpretation No. 46, (collectively referred to as “FIN 46” or the “Interpretation”). FIN 46 provides guidance regarding the application of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, specifically as it relates to the identification of entities for which control is achieved through a means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities”) and the determination of which party is responsible for consolidating the variable interest entities (the “primary beneficiary”). In addition to mandating that the primary beneficiary consolidate the variable interest entity, FIN 46 also requires disclosures by companies that hold a significant variable interest, even if they are not the primary beneficiary. Certain financial statement disclosures were applicable immediately for those entities for which it was reasonably possible that the enterprise would, upon adoption of FIN 46, consolidate or be required to disclose information about any variable interest entities. Additionally, an enterprise with an interest in an entity to which FIN 46 had not been applied as of December 24, 2003, is required to apply this Interpretation no later than the end of the first reporting period that ends after March 15, 2004. Application of FIN 46 for special purpose entities was required no later than as of the end of the first reporting period that ends after December 15, 2003. The Company performed a review of potential variable interest entities and concluded that AFC was not the primary beneficiary of any material variable interest entities and would not be required to consolidate those entities as a result of implementing FIN 46. However, the Company does hold a significant variable interest in a limited partnership. In 1997, the Company invested in the McDonald Corporate Tax Credit Fund - 1996 Limited Partnership, which was organized to invest in low income housing projects which qualify for tax credits under the Internal Revenue Code. The Company’s investment in this limited partnership, which represents approximately 36% of the partnership, is not a controlling interest; it entitles the Company to tax credits to be applied against its federal income tax liability in addition to tax losses to offset taxable income. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on this investment is limited to its carrying value, which is $8.5 million at September 30, 2004. In addition, the Company has $300 million of mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of a subsidiary trust holding solely junior subordinated debentures of the Company. Prior to July 1, 2003, these securities were classified as a separate line item in the mezzanine level of the balance sheet. Upon adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity, these securities were reclassified to debt. These securities were issued by a trust that was established for the sole purpose of issuing the securities to investors and are fully guaranteed by the Company. In the first quarter of 2004, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 46, which require that the Company deconsolidate the trust for financial reporting purposes. The net effect of deconsolidating the trust was to increase the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities by $9.3 million.

3. Adoption of Statement of Position 03-1, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts

Effective January 1, 2004, the Company adopted SOP 03-1 (see Note 2 – New Accounting Pronouncements). Upon adoption, the Company recorded a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle of $57.2 million, after-tax.

The following illustrates the components of that charge (in millions):

Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits

The Company issued variable annuity contracts with a GMDB feature. The GMDB feature provides annuity contractholders with a guarantee that the benefit received at death will be no less than a prescribed minimum amount. This amount is based on either the net deposits paid into the contract, the net deposits accumulated at a specified rate, the highest historical account value on a contract anniversary, or more typically, the greatest of these values. If the GMDB is higher than the current account value at the time of death, the Company incurs a cost equal to the difference.

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The following summarizes the liability for GMDB contracts reflected in the general account (unaudited):

The following information relates to the reserving methodology and assumptions for GMDB, which the Company has begun utilizing in response to SOP 03-1. These assumptions are consistent with those utilized in the Company’s calculation of its deferred acquisition cost (“DAC”) asset.

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The table below presents the account value, net amount at risk and average attained age of underlying contractholders for guarantees in the event of death as of September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003. The net amount at risk is the death benefit coverage in force or the amount that the Company would have to pay if all contractholders had died as of the specified date, and represents the excess of the guaranteed benefit over the fair value of the underlying investments.

Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit

Additionally, the Company issued variable annuity contracts with a guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”) feature. The GMIB liability recorded at January 1, 2004 was $4.1 million. As of September 30, 2004, the balance increased to $ 5.2 million with no benefits being paid out. The GMIB liability is determined by estimating the expected value of the annuitization benefits in excess of the projected account balance at the date of annuitization and recognizing the excess ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments. The Company regularly evaluates estimates used and adjusts the additional liability balance, with a related charge or credit to benefit expense, if actual experience or other evidence suggests that earlier assumptions should be revised.

Sales Inducements

The Company’s variable annuity product offerings included contracts that offered enhanced crediting rates or bonus payments. These enhanced rates are considered sales inducements under SOP 03-1. As such, the balance of sales inducement assets was required to be reclassified from DAC to other assets upon adoption of SOP 03-1, and amortization of these sales inducements over the life of the contract is required to be reflected as a policy benefit. Amortization of these contracts is required to be computed using the same methodology and assumptions used in amortizing DAC.

The balance of deferred sales inducements reclassified from DAC to other assets was $89.7 million on January 1, 2004. The balance of deferred sales inducements at September 30, 2004 was $74.0 million.

Separate Accounts with Credited Interest Guarantees

The Company issued variable annuity and life contracts through its separate accounts for which net investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to, and investment risk is borne by, the contractholder. The Company also issued

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variable annuity and life contracts through separate accounts where the Company contractually guarantees to the contractholder the total deposits made to the contract less any partial withdrawals plus a minimum return.

Prior to the adoption of SOP 03-1, the Company had recorded certain market value adjusted (“MVA”) fixed annuity products as separate account assets and separate account liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of MVA assets were reflected in other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the Company reflected policy fees, interest spreads, realized gains and losses on investments and changes in the liability for minimum guarantees in net income. Notwithstanding the market value adjustment feature of this product, all of the investment performance of the separate account assets related to this product does not accrue to the contractholder, and it therefore, does not meet the conditions for separate account reporting under SOP 03-1.

Upon adoption of SOP 03-1, assets related to the MVA product, primarily fixed maturities, which are carried at fair value, were reclassified to the general account as available-for-sale securities. Reserves related to contract account values included in separate account liabilities were also reclassified to the Company’s general account. Changes in the fair value of these assets continue to be reflected in other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, amounts assessed against the contractholders for mortality, administrative, and other services continue to be included in universal life and investment product policy fees and changes in liabilities for minimum guarantees continue to be included in policy benefits, claims, losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Components of the interest spreads related to this product continue to be recorded in net investment income and policy benefits, claims losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Realized investment gains and losses are recognized as incurred, consistent with prior years.

At September 30, 2004, the Company had the following variable annuities with guaranteed minimum returns (unaudited):

Account balances of these contracts with guaranteed minimum returns were invested in variable separate accounts as follows:

4. Discontinued Operations

During 1999, the Company approved a plan to exit its group life and health insurance business, consisting of its Employee Benefit Services (“EBS”) business, its Affinity Group Underwriters business and its accident and health assumed reinsurance pool business (“reinsurance pool business”). During 1998, the Company ceased writing new premiums in the reinsurance pool business, subject to certain contractual obligations. Prior to 1999, these businesses comprised substantially all of the former Corporate Risk Management Services (“CRMS”) segment. Accordingly, the operating results of the discontinued segment, including its reinsurance pool business, have been reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income as discontinued operations in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations – Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions (“APB Opinion No. 30”). In 1999, the Company recorded a $30.5 million loss, net of taxes, on the disposal of this segment, consisting of after-tax losses from the run-off of the group life and health business of $46.9 million, partially offset by net proceeds from the sale of the EBS business of $16.4 million. Subsequent to the measurement date of June 30, 1999, approximately $17.7 million of the aforementioned $46.9 million loss has been generated from the operations of the discontinued business.

In March of 2000, the Company transferred its EBS business to Great-West Life and Annuity Insurance Company of Denver. As a result of this transaction, the Company has received consideration of $27.6 million, based on renewal rights for existing policies. The Company retained policy liabilities estimated at $84.0 million at September 30, 2004 related to this business.

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As permitted by APB Opinion No. 30, the Consolidated Balance Sheets have not been segregated between continuing and discontinued operations. At September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the discontinued segment had assets of $283.5 million and $284.5 million, respectively, consisting primarily of invested assets and reinsurance recoverables, and liabilities of approximately $353.5 million and $350.5 million, respectively, consisting primarily of policy liabilities. Revenues for the discontinued operations were $3.1 million and $3.4 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and $11.0 million and $11.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

5. Significant Transactions

In the first nine months of 2004 and 2003, the Company retired $183.6 million and $78.8 million, respectively, of long-term funding agreement obligations. These retirements resulted in a pre-tax loss of $0.3 million in 2004 and a pre-tax gain of $5.7 million in 2003. These results are reported as losses (gains) from retirement of funding agreements and trust instruments supported by funding obligations in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Certain amounts related to the termination of derivative instruments used to hedge the retired funding agreements were reported in separate line items in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The net market value loss on the early termination of derivative instruments used to hedge the retired funding agreements of $7.4 million in 2004 and $6.4 million in 2003, was recorded as net realized investment gains in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The net foreign currency transaction gain on the retired foreign-denominated funding agreements of $3.6 million in 2003 was recorded as other income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. There were no foreign currency transaction gains on the retired foreign denominated funding agreements in 2004 because the funding agreements were effectively hedged.

In the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company ceased operations of its Life Companies segment retail broker/dealer operations (see Note 10 for a description of the Company’s operating segments). These operations had distributed third-party investment and insurance products through VeraVest Investments, Inc. Results in 2003 include a pre-tax charge of $11.5 million for asset impairments in connection with this action. The Company also recognized a pre-tax restructuring charge of $21.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2003, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (“Statement No. 146”). This charge consists of $12.1 million which is related to severance and other employee related costs associated with the elimination of 532 positions, and $9.8 million related to contract termination fees and other costs. During the first nine months of 2004, an additional 20 positions were eliminated. The Company recognized $ 2.9 million of additional pre-tax charges during the first nine months of 2004, of which $2.6 million related to severance and other employee related costs. Of the 552 positions eliminated, 522 employees have been terminated and 28 employees have been transferred to other positions within the Company as of September 30, 2004. All levels of employees within the broker/dealer operations, from staff to senior management, were affected by the decision. As of September 30, 2004, the Company has made payments of approximately $20.8 million related to this restructuring plan, of which $12.8 million related to severance and other employee related costs and $8.0 million related to contract termination fees and other costs. The liability balance at September 30, 2004 is $4.0 million. The Company currently anticipates an additional $1 million to $2 million of expenses will be recognized during the remainder of 2004 related to this restructuring.

In 2002, the Company recognized a pre-tax charge of $15.0 million related to the restructuring of its Life Companies segment, which has been accounted for under the guidance of EITF No. 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring). This charge consists of $11.7 million which is related to severance and other employee and agent related costs resulting from the elimination of 476 positions, of which 63 positions were vacant. The remaining employees have either been terminated or transferred to other positions within the Company as of September 30, 2004. All levels of employees, from staff to senior management, were affected by the restructuring. Additionally, the Company terminated all life insurance and annuity agent contracts effective December 31, 2002. In addition, $3.3 million of this charge related to other restructuring costs, consisting of lease and contract cancellations and the present value of idle leased space. As of September 30, 2004, the Company has made payments of approximately $14.6 million related to this restructuring plan, of which approximately $11.6 million related to severance and other employee related costs. During 2003, the Company eliminated an additional 151 positions related to this restructuring and as of September 30, 2004, 146 of these employees have been terminated and 4 employees have been transferred to other positions within the Company. The Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $7.0 million during 2003, in accordance with Statement No. 146, consisting of $6.7 million of employee related costs and $0.3 million related to contract cancellations. Of this amount, $6.0 million was recording during the nine months ended September 30, 2003. During the nine months ended September 30, 2004, the Company recorded an additional charge of $1.5 million, of which $0.9 million was employee-related costs and $0.6 million related to contract terminations and other costs. As of September 30, 2004, the Company has made payments of approximately $6.4 million related to this restructuring plan, of which $5.4 million related to severance and other employee related costs. The liability balance for these activities is $2.5 million as of September 30, 2004. The plan is substantially complete.

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6. Federal Income Taxes

Federal income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, has been computed using estimated effective tax rates. These rates are revised, if necessary, at the end of each successive interim period to reflect the current estimates of the annual effective tax rates. The current year effective tax rate reflects a $30.3 million benefit resulting from the settlement of disputed items in the Company’s federal tax returns filed for 1979 to 1991. The largest of the disputed items relates to deductions taken for increased death benefits pertaining to certain life insurance contracts. The settlement entitles the Company to receive a refund of amounts paid for these years, as well as various tax credits that can be applied to offset federal tax liabilities in other years.

7. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

The Company provides retirement benefits to substantially all of its employees under a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan based on a cash balance formula. In addition, certain transition group employees who have met specified age and service requirements as of December 31, 1994, are eligible for a grandfathered benefit based on service and compensation. Additional unfunded pension plans and postretirement plans provide certain benefits to a portion of full-time employees, former agents, retirees and their dependents.

The components of net periodic pension cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans are as follows: