UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 000-28397
TULARIK INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 94-3148800 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1120 Veterans Boulevard South San Francisco, California |
94080 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) |
(650) 825-7000
(Registrants telephone number including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes x No ¨
As of July 30, 2004, 67,997,458 shares of the Registrants common stock were outstanding.
TULARIK INC.
Page | ||||
PART I. |
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Item 1. |
3 | |||
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations |
9 | ||
Item 3. |
28 | |||
Item 4. |
29 | |||
Part II. |
OTHER INFORMATION | |||
Item 1. |
29 | |||
Item 5. |
29 | |||
Item 6. |
30 | |||
31 |
Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
TULARIK INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
June 30, 2004 |
December 31, 2003(1) |
|||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 77,998 | $ | 92,730 | ||||
Short-term investments |
68,550 | 95,281 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
5,956 | 7,719 | ||||||
Accounts receivable |
10,000 | | ||||||
Total current assets |
162,504 | 195,730 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
21,158 | 25,838 | ||||||
Other investments |
5,178 | 14,719 | ||||||
Restricted investments |
2,270 | 2,270 | ||||||
Other assets |
2,244 | 2,750 | ||||||
Goodwill |
3,100 | 3,100 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 196,454 | $ | 244,407 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 3,961 | $ | 3,949 | ||||
Accrued compensation and related liabilities |
3,910 | 3,883 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
9,964 | 8,809 | ||||||
Current portion of capital lease obligations |
4,297 | 6,691 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
14,874 | 18,649 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
37,006 | 41,981 | ||||||
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations |
10,800 | 9,363 | ||||||
Long-term portion of deferred revenue |
8,501 | 12,350 | ||||||
Other non-current liabilities |
5,127 | 6,375 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
61,434 | 70,069 | ||||||
Minority interest in Cumbre Inc. |
26,250 | 26,250 | ||||||
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
Common stock |
68 | 66 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
532,978 | 524,273 | ||||||
Notes receivable from stockholders |
(15 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
1,578 | 1,918 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(425,839 | ) | (378,154 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
108,770 | 148,088 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 196,454 | $ | 244,407 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
(1) | The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2003 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. |
3
TULARIK INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Three months ended June 30, |
Six months ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||
Collaborative research and development |
$ | 9,765 | $ | 5,233 | $ | 20,649 | $ | 10,294 | ||||||||
Technology license fee |
| | | 1,600 | ||||||||||||
9,765 | 5,233 | 20,649 | 11,894 | |||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
30,718 | 31,657 | 62,275 | 59,986 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative |
2,939 | 3,119 | 6,110 | 6,095 | ||||||||||||
33,657 | 34,776 | 68,385 | 66,081 | |||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(23,892 | ) | (29,543 | ) | (47,736 | ) | (54,187 | ) | ||||||||
Interest and other income |
604 | 403 | 1,216 | 1,242 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(640 | ) | (389 | ) | (1,165 | ) | (795 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (23,928 | ) | $ | (29,529 | ) | $ | (47,685 | ) | $ | (53,740 | ) | ||||
Net loss per basic and diluted share |
$ | (0.35 | ) | $ | (0.53 | ) | $ | (0.71 | ) | $ | (0.97 | ) | ||||
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share |
67,511,961 | 55,658,173 | 67,149,743 | 55,381,887 | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
TULARIK INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
For the six months ended June 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (47,685 | ) | $ | (53,740 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
5,624 | 5,844 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred stock compensation |
| 40 | ||||||
Amortization of loan discount |
20 | 20 | ||||||
Non-cash stock compensation |
1,177 | 565 | ||||||
Non-cash license fee revenue |
| (1,600 | ) | |||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts receivable |
(10,000 | ) | (10,000 | ) | ||||
Other assets |
2,269 | (843 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable and other liabilities |
(703 | ) | 4,124 | |||||
Deferred revenue |
(7,624 | ) | 22,649 | |||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(56,922 | ) | (32,941 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
Maturities of available-for-sale securities |
227,590 | 259,009 | ||||||
Purchases of available-for-sale securities |
(191,382 | ) | (231,462 | ) | ||||
Acquisition of property and equipment |
(904 | ) | (3,343 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by investing activities |
35,304 | 24,204 | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
Payments of long-term obligations |
(3,279 | ) | (5,480 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term obligations |
2,224 | 2,463 | ||||||
Proceeds from notes receivable from stockholders |
| 1 | ||||||
Proceeds from issuances of common stock, net |
7,944 | 23,792 | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
6,889 | 20,776 | ||||||
Effect of exchange rates on cash |
(3 | ) | 46 | |||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
(14,732 | ) | 12,085 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period |
92,730 | 95,670 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period |
$ | 77,998 | $ | 107,755 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities: |
||||||||
Issuance of warrant in connection with lease amendment |
$ | | $ | 255 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
TULARIK INC.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Tularik Inc. (Tularik or the Company) reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Companys consolidated financial position at June 30, 2004, the Companys consolidated results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 and 2003 and the Companys consolidated cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 and 2003. Interim-period results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations or cash flows for a full-year period.
The year-end balance sheet data were derived from audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but do not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes accompanying them should be read in conjunction with the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. Stockholders are encouraged to review the Form 10-K for a broader discussion of the Companys business and the opportunities and risks inherent therein. Copies of the Form 10-K are available from the Company upon request.
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tularik, its majority-owned subsidiary, Cumbre Inc. (Cumbre), and Tulariks wholly owned subsidiaries, Amplicon Corporation, Tularik Pharmaceutical Company, Tularik GmbH and Tularik Limited.
It is the Companys policy to not allocate losses to any minority interests of Cumbre to the extent that such losses reduce the minority interests below the third-party minority stockholders liquidation preferences. As a result of this policy, 100% of Cumbres net loss has been included in the Companys determination of net loss for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 and 2003.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
At its March 2004 meeting, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) reached a consensus on recognition and measurement guidance previously discussed under EITF 03-01. The consensus clarifies the meaning of other-than-temporary impairment and its application to investments classified as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity under FASB Statement No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, and investments accounted for under the cost method or the equity method. The recognition and measurement guidance for which the consensus was reached in the March 2004 meeting is to be applied to other-than-temporary impairment evaluations in reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2004. We do not expect the adoption of the disclosure requirements of EITF 03-01 to have a material impact on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations.
6
Net Loss Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of the Companys basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):
Three months ended June 30, |
Six months ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (23,928 | ) | $ | (29,529 | ) | $ | (47,685 | ) | $ | (53,740 | ) | ||||
Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding |
67,521 | 55,674 | 67,159 | 55,408 | ||||||||||||
Less: weighted-average shares subject to repurchase |
(9 | ) | (16 | ) | (9 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||||||
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share |
67,512 | 55,658 | 67,150 | 55,382 | ||||||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share |
$ | (0.35 | ) | $ | (0.53 | ) | $ | (0.71 | ) | $ | (0.97 | ) | ||||
Outstanding options to purchase in the aggregate 8,172,746 shares of common stock at June 30, 2004 and outstanding options and warrants to purchase in the aggregate 6,223,456 shares of common stock at June 30, 2003 were excluded from diluted earnings calculations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, because inclusion of options and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect on losses in these periods. At June 30, 2004 and 2003, 7,770 and 10,730 shares of common stock, respectively, were subject to repurchase.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive gain/loss. Other comprehensive loss includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net loss. Specifically, unrealized holding gains and losses on Tulariks investments and the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the accompanying balance sheets. Comprehensive loss and its components for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 and 2003 are as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, |
Six months ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (23,928 | ) | $ | (29,529 | ) | $ | (47,685 | ) | $ | (53,740 | ) | ||||
Change in unrealized gain on equity investments |
(97 | ) | (13 | ) | (64 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||||
Change in cumulative translation adjustment |
64 | 525 | (276 | ) | 37 | |||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
$ | (23,961 | ) | $ | (29,017 | ) | $ | (48,025 | ) | $ | (53,763 | ) | ||||
7
Accounts Receivable
In connection with our oncology collaboration with Amgen, Amgen has agreed to pay the Company $50.0 million in committed research funding over a five-year period. As of June 30, 2004, the $10.0 million in funding for the second year of the collaboration had not been received. This amount was recorded as accounts receivable in the accompanying June 30, 2004 Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Restricted Investments
As of June 30, 2004, the Company held $2.3 million of bank certificates of deposit to collateralize the rent deposit on the Companys current facilities in South San Francisco, California. Accordingly, the Company has classified these investments as restricted investments in the accompanying balance sheets.
Stock Options
The Company has adopted SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, Transition and Disclosure. The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB No. 25) and its related interpretations and has elected to follow the disclosure-only provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123). Under APB No. 25, compensation expense is based on the difference, if any, on the date of the stock option grant between the fair value of the Companys stock and the exercise price of the stock option.
Pro forma net loss and net loss per share information is required by SFAS 123, which also requires that the information be determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock options and rights granted subsequent to December 31, 1994 under the fair market value method of that statement. For employee stock options granted prior to the Companys initial public offering in December 1999, the fair value for these options and the related purchase rights was estimated at the date of grant using the minimum value method.
For employee stock options granted subsequent to the Companys initial public offering, the value was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following weighted-average assumptions were used for 2004 and 2003, respectively: a risk free interest rate of 3.29%; volatility factors of the expected market price of the Companys common stock of 0.70 and 0.75; no dividend yield; and a weighted-average expected life of the options of 4.5 years. Pro forma information follows for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three months ended June 30, |
Six months ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Net loss, as reported |
$ | (23,928 | ) | $ | (29,529 | ) | $ | (47,685 | ) | $ | (53,740 | ) | ||||
Add: Deferred compensation amortization included in reported net loss |
| 12 | | 40 | ||||||||||||
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards |
(3,093 | ) | (2,126 | ) | (7,102 | ) | (12,173 | ) | ||||||||
Pro forma net loss |
$ | (27,021 | ) | $ | (31,643 | ) | $ | (54,787 | ) | $ | (65,873 | ) | ||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share: |
||||||||||||||||
As reported |
$ | (0.35 | ) | $ | (0.53 | ) | $ | (0.71 | ) | $ | (0.97 | ) | ||||
Pro forma |
$ | (0.40 | ) | $ | (0.57 | ) | $ | (0.82 | ) | $ | (1.19 | ) | ||||
Agreement to Merge with Subsidiary of Amgen Inc.
On March 28, 2004, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Amgen and Arrow Acquisition, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen. The merger is subject to the satisfaction of certain closing conditions, including the approval of the Companys stockholders and the expiration or termination of applicable waiting periods under United States antitrust laws. Early termination of applicable antitrust waiting periods occurred in May 2004. A meeting of the Companys stockholders to vote on the merger, the Agreement and Plan of Merger and the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger is scheduled for August 12, 2004. Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, the Company will merge with and into Arrow Acquisition, LLC, the separate existence of the Company will cease, and Arrow Acquisition, LLC will survive as the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen. Upon consummation of the merger, each holder of the Companys common stock (other than the Company, Amgen or any wholly owned subsidiary of the Company or Amgen) will receive a fraction of a share of Amgen common stock for each share of the Companys common stock owned, based on an exchange ratio that will be determined by dividing $25.00 by the average of the per share closing prices of Amgens common stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market for the ten trading day period ending two trading days prior to the closing date of the merger. The exchange ratio will be rounded to the third decimal point. In addition, each outstanding option to purchase the Companys common stock will be exchanged for stock options of Amgen based on the exchange ratio used in the conversion of the Companys common stock into Amgens common stock. During the first six months of 2004, the Company incurred approximately $741,000 in merger-related costs, which have been included in general and administrative expenses as incurred.
Contingencies
As of June 30, 2004, the Company is aware of three purported class action lawsuits that have been filed in connection with the Companys proposed merger with Amgen. In each case the suit was filed against the Company, the Companys Board of Directors and Amgen. All of the complaints allege that the Companys Board of Directors and Amgen breached fiduciary duties owed to the Companys stockholders, or aided and abetted such breaches, and that the consideration to be paid to the class members in the proposed merger is unfair and inadequate because the intrinsic value of the Companys common stock is materially in excess of the amount offered for those securities. The complaints further allege that conflicts exist between defendants self-interests and their fiduciary obligation to maximize stockholder value, and that these conflicts have not been resolved in the best interests of the Companys stockholders. One of the complaints also alleges that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by failing to provide the Companys stockholders with material information necessary for them to make a fully informed decision regarding the proposed merger. The Company believes that all of the lawsuits are meritless and intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the complaints. For further information, see Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings, in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
8
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this report and our 2003 consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods.
This report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
| our proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen; |
| the lawsuits arising out of our proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen; |
| our strategy; |
| the progress of our research programs, including clinical testing; |
| the sufficiency of our cash resources; |
| intellectual property matters; |
| revenues from existing and new collaborations; |
| product development; and |
| our research and development and other expenses. |
These forward-looking statements are generally identified by words such as expect, anticipate, intend, believe, hope, assume, estimate, plan, will and other similar words and expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth in this Item 2 and those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, including under BusinessRisk Factors. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report.
Overview
Tularik seeks to discover and develop a broad range of novel and superior orally available medicines that act through the regulation of gene expression. Tulariks scientific platform is focused on three therapeutic areas: cancer, immunology and metabolic disease. We currently have four drug candidates in clinical trials:
| batabulin (formerly known as T67) is in a pivotal clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); |
| T487, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, and T131, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, are in Phase 2 clinical trials; and |
| T71, for the treatment of obesity, is in a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetic profile. |
In the second quarter of 2004, we completed Phase 2 clinical trials of our drug candidate T607 for the treatment of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Based on the results of these trials, no further trials are planned with T607. We have established strategic research partnerships with Amgen and Sankyo Company, Limited.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to our research collaborations, investments, intangible assets, income taxes, financing operations and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
9
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements include the results of Tularik Inc. in the United States and the results of the following subsidiaries:
Subsidiary Name |
Location |
Ownership | ||
Amplicon Corporation |
United States | Wholly owned | ||
Tularik Pharmaceutical Company |
United States | Wholly owned | ||
Cumbre Inc. |
United States | Majority-owned | ||
Tularik GmbH |
Germany | Wholly owned | ||
Tularik Limited |
United Kingdom | Wholly owned |
Transactions and accounts between the Company and each of its subsidiaries have been eliminated. For non-United States operations, local currencies are the functional currencies. All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars at current exchange rates, equity is translated at historical rates and net losses are translated at the average exchange rates for the reporting periods. Aggregate gains and losses on currency exchange are included in other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders equity.
Revenue Recognition
Collaborative research and development agreements provide for periodic payments in support of our research and development activities. Research revenue is recognized as research services are performed, or on a pro rata basis over the term estimated to complete a research program. The estimated term of a research program and the related revenues are subject to revision as the contract progresses to completion. Payments received related to substantive at-risk milestones are recognized when our performance of the applicable milestone under the terms of the collaboration is achieved and there are no further performance obligations. Research support payments received in advance of work performed and technology access fees are recorded as deferred revenue. These upfront payments are recognized as revenue as the work is performed (research revenue) or over the stated or estimated terms of the collaborations (technology access fees). Changes in estimates on contract terms can cause an acceleration or delay in revenue recognition.
Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
We maintain investment portfolio holdings of various issuers, types and maturities. We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At June 30, 2004, these investment securities were classified as available-for-sale and consequently were recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Management assesses whether declines in the fair value of investment securities are other than temporary. If the decline in fair value is judged to be other than temporary, the cost basis of the individual security is written down to fair value and the amount of the write down is included in earnings. In determining whether a decline is other than temporary, management considers the following factors:
| the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than cost; |
| the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and |
| our intention and ability to retain our investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. |
10
Business Combination and Purchase Price Allocation
In July 2001, we acquired the computer-aided molecular design business of Protherics PLC. The total purchase price was allocated to software, laboratory equipment, furniture, computers, goodwill and liabilities. The value of the software was estimated based on Protherics costs to design, code and test the software. The software is being amortized over its useful life, which is estimated to be three years from the date of the acquisition. The value of the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was estimated to be the carrying value at the date of the business combination. Goodwill of $3.1 million was determined to be the excess of the purchase price over the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We review the intangible assets for impairments at least annually. Our review requires us to make estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows. The effect of a change in our estimates and assumptions could be an impairment loss of up to $3.1 million.
Agreement to Merge with Subsidiary of Amgen Inc.
On March 28, 2004, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Amgen and Arrow Acquisition, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen. The merger is subject to the satisfaction of certain closing conditions, including the approval of our stockholders and the expiration or termination of waiting periods under United States antitrust laws. Early termination of applicable antitrust waiting periods occurred in May 2004. A meeting of our stockholders to vote on the merger, the Agreement and Plan of Merger and the transactions contemplated by Agreement and Plan of Merger is scheduled for August 12, 2004. Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, we will merge with and into Arrow Acquisition, LLC, our separate existence will cease, and Arrow Acquisition, LLC will survive as the surviving entity and a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen. Upon consummation of the merger, each holder of our common stock (other than us, Amgen or any wholly owned subsidiary of us or Amgen) will receive a fraction of a share of Amgen common stock for each share of our common stock owned, based on an exchange ratio that will be determined by dividing $25.00 by the average of the per share closing prices of Amgens common stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market for the ten trading day period ending two trading days prior to the closing date of the merger. The exchange ratio will be rounded to the third decimal point. In addition, each outstanding option to purchase our common stock will be exchanged for stock options of Amgen based on the exchange ratio used in the conversion of our common stock into Amgens common stock. During the first six months of 2004, we incurred approximately $741,000 in merger-related costs and we expect to incur significant additional merger-related costs in the remainder of 2004. We expect total merger-related costs during 2004 to be in the range of $20.0 million to $25.0 million, primarily due to financial advisory, legal and accounting fees, all of which will be charged to operations as incurred. The majority of the merger-related costs expected to occur in 2004 are contingent upon the consummation of the merger and, accordingly, are not expected to significantly impact our results of operations unless and until the merger is consummated. If the Agreement and Plan of Merger is terminated under certain circumstances specified in the Agreement and Plan of Merger, we may be required to pay a termination fee of $50.0 million to Amgen or reimburse Amgen for up to $10.0 million of Amgens expenses related to the proposed merger.
Results of Operations
For the quarter ended June 30, 2004, we incurred a net loss of $23.9 million, or $0.35 per share, compared to a net loss of $29.5 million, or $0.53 per share, for the same period in 2003. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2004, we incurred a net loss of $47.7 million, or $0.71 per share, compared to a net loss of $53.7 million, or $0.97 per share, for the same period in 2003.
Collaborative research and development revenue was $9.8 million and $20.6 million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004, compared to $5.2 million and $10.3 million for the same periods in 2003. Revenues for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 increased as compared to the same periods in 2003 by $3.0 million and $6.1 million, respectively, due to our collaboration with Amgen that was signed in May of 2003, by $1.6 million and $5.0 million, respectively, due to the termination, effective May 2004, of the research portion of our metabolic disease collaboration with the pharmaceutical division of Japan Tobacco Inc.; and by $0.3 million due to the expansion of our collaboration with Sankyo. The increase in revenue related to our metabolic disease collaboration with Japan Tobacco was due to a revision made to the amortization period for an upfront collaboration payment as a result of receiving notice from Japan Tobacco that they were terminating the research portion of the collaboration agreement effective May 31, 2004. The increases in revenue were partially offset by a decline in revenue from our collaboration with Medarex of $0.3 million in the three-month period and $0.6 million in the six-month period ended June 30, 2004. Unless we enter into new or expanded corporate collaborations, we expect collaborative research and development revenue to decline for the foreseeable future.
We did not have any revenue from technology licenses in 2004. Revenue from technology licenses was $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003. The revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2003 related to receipt of preferred stock of a private company in exchange for a license to certain technology and the assignment of certain patents. The value attributed to the preferred stock was our estimate of fair value as of the date of receipt. Our estimate was based on information then available to us, including the most recent purchase price for the preferred stock by unrelated third parties, market conditions and the private companys business progress.
Research and development expenses for the three-month period ended June 30, 2004 decreased to $30.7 million from $31.7 million in the 2003 period. The decrease in expenses for the 2004 period as compared to 2003 was primarily attributable to a $0.9 million decrease in costs related to our research supplies and materials, a $0.8 million decrease in costs related to pharmaceutical formulation development and a $0.8 million decrease in contract clinical development costs due to decreased clinical activity for T607. These decreases were partially offset by a $1.5 million increase in costs related to research and development overhead.
Research and development expenses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2004 increased to $62.3 million from $60.0 million in the 2003 period. The increase for the six-month period ended June 30, 2004 is due to a $2.3 million increase in costs related to research and development overhead. We expect research and development expenses to increase in future periods as new and existing drug candidates continue to advance into later stages of development. See also Part II, Item 5, Other Information, in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
General and administrative expenses for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 were $2.9 million and $6.1 million, respectively, compared to $3.1 million and $6.1 million for the same periods in 2003. The decrease in costs during the three-month period ended June 30, 2004 as compared to 2003 relates to lower accounting fees and a reallocation of facilities space that reflected reduced utilization by the general and administrative functions.
Interest income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2004 was $0.6 million and $1.2 million compared to $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the same periods in 2003. The increase during the three-month period ended June 30, 2004 as compared to 2003 was due to higher investment balances in 2004 related to the proceeds from our equity financing in November 2003 and the Amgen collaboration signed in May 2003.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, our primary sources of funds have been the sale of equity securities, capital lease financings, non-equity payments from collaborators and interest income. Combined cash, cash equivalents and investments (both current and non-current) totaled $151.7 million at June 30, 2004 (including $8.1 million attributable to our majority-owned subsidiary, Cumbre Inc.), a decrease of $51.0 million from December 31, 2003. The decrease was due to the use of $56.9 million to fund operations, the repayment of long-term debt of $3.3 million and the acquisition of property and equipment for $0.9 million. These reductions were partially offset by $2.2 million in proceeds from the issuance of long-term obligations and $7.9 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock and from notes paid by stockholders. As of June 30, 2004, the average maturity of available-for-sale securities was approximately 128 days.
Our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement and involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary as a result of a number of factors. Assuming that we are not required to pay Amgen a termination fee or reimburse them for certain merger-related expenses in connection with a termination of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, we believe that our cash and investment securities and anticipated cash flow from existing collaborations will be sufficient to support our current operating plan through the first quarter of 2006. This estimate excludes the cash and investment securities of Cumbre Inc., our majority-owned subsidiary, as well as the funding of Cumbres operating plan. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
| whether the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen closes; |
| the progress of our pre-clinical and clinical development activities; |
| the costs and timing of regulatory approvals; |
| the progress of our research activities; |
| the number and scope of our research programs; |
| the progress of the development efforts of our collaborators; |
| our ability to establish and maintain current and new collaboration and licensing arrangements; |
| a decision to make additional investments in Cumbre Inc. in the event Cumbre is unable to receive equity and debt financing from third parties; |
| our ability to achieve our milestones and receive funding under collaboration arrangements; |
| the costs involved in enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights; |
| the costs of establishing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities; and |
| our ability to sublease our former facilities. |
Future capital requirements will also depend on the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies. Until we can generate sufficient levels of cash from our operations, which we do not expect to achieve for at least several years, we expect to finance future cash needs through the sale of equity securities, strategic collaborations and debt financing as well as interest income earned on cash balances. In August 2001, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 to offer and sell common stock and debt securities in one or more offerings up to a total amount of $250.0 million. Currently, $135.7 million remains available on the Form S-3, and we have no current commitments to offer and sell any securities that may be offered or sold pursuant to such registration statement. If additional funds are raised by issuing equity securities, substantial dilution to existing stockholders may result. We cannot assure you that additional financing or collaboration and licensing arrangements will be available when needed or that, if available, such financing or arrangements will be obtained on terms favorable to us or our stockholders. Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research or development programs, to lose rights under existing licenses or to relinquish greater or all rights to drug candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose. Insufficient funds may also adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. One of the factors considered by our Board of Directors in approving the Agreement and Plan of Merger was Amgens robust and diverse revenue base, financial strength and cash reserves sufficient to fund future research and development of the product candidates in our pipeline.
Our cash and investments policy emphasizes liquidity and preservation of principal over other portfolio considerations. We select investments that maximize interest income to the extent possible given these two constraints. We satisfy liquidity requirements by investing excess cash in securities with different maturities to match projected cash needs and limit concentration of credit risk by diversifying our investments among a variety of high credit-quality issuers.
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Stock Options
Option Program Description
Our stock option program is a broad-based, long-term retention program that is intended to attract and retain talented employees and to align stockholder and employee interests. Our program primarily consists of our 1997 Equity Incentive Plan and 1997 Non-Employee Directors Plan (collectively referred to as the 1997 Plans), under which stock options are granted to employees, directors and other service providers. Substantially all of our employees participate in our stock option program. In the past, we granted options under our 1991 Stock Plan. Although we no longer grant options under this plan, exercisable options granted under this plan are still outstanding.
General Option Information
Summary of Option Activity
Options Outstanding | |||||||||
(Shares in thousands) | Shares Available for Grant |
Number of Shares |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price | ||||||
December 31, 2002 |
719 | 7,209 | $ | 15.00 | |||||
Grants |
(4,689 | ) | 4,689 | 8.92 | |||||
Exercises |
| (360 | ) | 2.97 | |||||
Forfeitures (1) |
2,635 | (2,635 | ) | 22.45 | |||||
Additional shares reserved |
1,923 | | |||||||
December 31, 2003 |
588 | 8,903 | 10.23 | ||||||
Grants |
(100 | ) | 100 | 19.18 | |||||
Exercises |
| (741 | ) | 7.78 | |||||
Forfeitures (1) |
109 | (109 | ) | 10.51 | |||||
Additional shares reserved |
2,321 | | |||||||
June 30, 2004 |
2,918 | 8,153 | $ | 10.56 | |||||
(1) | We currently grant shares only under our 1997 Plans. Forfeitures from options granted under the previous plan are not added to the shares reserved for issuance under the 1997 Plans. |
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In-the-Money and Out-of-the-Money Option Information
As of June 30, 2004 | |||||||||||||||
Exercisable |
Unexercisable |
Total | |||||||||||||
Shares |
Wtd.- Avg. Exercise Price |
Shares |
Wtd.- Avg. Exercise Price |
Shares |
Wtd.- Avg. Exercise Price | ||||||||||
(Shares in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
In-the-Money |
4,103 | $ | 10.27 | 3,799 | $ | 9.62 | 7,902 | $ | 9.95 | ||||||
Out-of-the-Money (1) |
228 | 30.44 | 23 | 28.18 | 251 | 30.24 | |||||||||
Total Options Outstanding |
4,331 | 3,822 | 8,153 | ||||||||||||
(1) | Out-of-the-money options are those options with an exercise price equal to or greater than $24.80, the fair market value of Tularik common stock at the close of business on June 30, 2004. |
Distribution and Dilutive Effect of Options
Employee and Executive Officer Option Grants
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
Net grants during the year as % of outstanding shares |
0.15 | % | 7.07 | % | 4.32 | % | |||
Grants to Named Executive Officers* during the period as % of outstanding shares |
| % | 1.55 | % | 1.02 | % | |||
Grants to Named Executive Officers* during the period as % of total options granted |
| % | 21.86 | % | 23.61 | % |
* | Named Executive Officers refers to our chief executive officer and our four other most highly compensated executive officers as defined under federal securities laws. |
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the information included in this report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risks described below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 before purchasing our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business could be materially harmed and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties, not presently known to us, or that we currently see as immaterial, may also harm our business. If any of these additional risks and uncertainties occurs, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment.
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There are material risks related to the potential failure to consummate the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen.
Failure to consummate the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen could negatively impact our stock price and future business and operations. If the merger with a subsidiary of Amgen is not consummated for any reason, we may be subject to a number of material risks, including the following:
| we may be required under certain specific circumstances to pay a termination fee of $50.0 million to Amgen or reimburse Amgen for up to $10.0 million of Amgens merger-related expenses; |
| the price of our common stock may decline, as the current market price of our common stock may reflect an assumption that the proposed merger will be consummated and that our stockholders will become stockholders of Amgen upon closing of the merger; |
| we must pay certain expenses related to the proposed merger, including substantial financial advisory, legal, accounting and other merger-related fees even if the merger is not consummated, which could affect our results of operations and cash liquidity, and potentially our stock price; |
| significant management and other resources have been diverted to efforts to consummate the proposed merger and, if the merger is not consummated, such efforts will result in little or no benefit to us; |
| current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future role with us, which may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key management, research and development, manufacturing and other personnel; and |
| if the Agreement and Plan of Merger with Amgen is terminated and Board of Directors decides to seek another merger or business combination, it may not be able to find a partner willing to pay an equivalent price to that which would have been obtained in the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen. |
As of the date of this filing, we are aware of three purported class action lawsuits that have been filed against us, our Board of Directors and Amgen in connection with the proposed merger. Among other things, these lawsuits seek to prevent the closing of the merger. Due to the uncertainties inherent in these types of matters, no assurance can be given as to the outcome of these lawsuits. One or more of these suits could prevent the closing of the merger, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. If stockholders view the lawsuits as a material risk, it could depress our stock price. Defending these lawsuits will result in the diversion of managements attention and significant expenses for legal and other fees.
If we continue to incur operating losses for a period longer than anticipated, we may be unable to continue our operations.
We have generated operating losses since we began operations in November 1991. Net losses were $47.7 million in the first half of 2004, $53.7 million in the first half of 2003 and $44.9 million in the first half of 2002. Net losses were $105.1 million in 2003, $93.8 million in 2002 and $48.6 million in 2001. The extent of our future losses and the timing of potential profitability are highly uncertain, and we may never achieve profitable operations. We have been engaged in discovering and developing drugs since inception, which has required, and will continue to require, significant research and development expenditures. To date, we have no products that have generated any revenue. As of June 30, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $425.8 million. Even if we succeed in developing a commercial product, we expect to incur losses for at least the next several years, and we expect that our losses will increase as we expand our research and development activities. These losses, among other things, have had and will have an adverse effect on our stockholders equity and working capital. If the time required to generate product revenues and achieve profitability is longer than anticipated, we may not be able to continue our operations. We do not anticipate that we will generate product revenues until at least 2006, and we do not anticipate that we will achieve profitability for at least several years after generating significant product revenues. If we fail to obtain the necessary capital, we will not be able to fund our operations.
Because our product candidates are in an early stage of development, there is a high risk of failure.
We have no products that have received regulatory approval for commercial sale. All of our product candidates, except batabulin (formerly known as T67), are in early stages of development, and we face the risks of failure inherent in developing drugs based on new technologies. Except for batabulin, none of our product candidates has advanced beyond Phase 2 clinical trials. In addition, none of our prospective products, including batabulin, is expected to receive regulatory approval and be commercially available until at least 2006.
In addition, to compete effectively, our products must be easy to use, cost-effective and economical to manufacture on a commercial scale. We may not achieve any of these objectives, and, as a result, we may be unable to successfully market and sell our current or future product candidates. In addition, any of our products may not attain market acceptance. Also, third parties may develop superior products or have proprietary rights that preclude us from marketing or profiting from our products.
At any time, we may decide not to continue the development of a product candidate or not to commercialize a product candidate. For example, no further trials are planned for our drug candidate T607 based on results obtained in Phase 2 clinical trials.
15
The progress and results of our animal and human testing are uncertain.
Pre-clinical testing and clinical development are long, expensive and uncertain processes. It may take us several years to complete our testing of a product candidate, and failure can occur at any stage of testing. Interim results of trials do not necessarily predict final results, and acceptable results in early trials may not be repeated in later trials. Success in pre-clinical testing and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful. For example, a single partial response or even a small number of partial responses in cancer patients is not necessarily indicative of success in demonstrating efficacy in Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical testing. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including biotechnology companies, have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials after encouraging results in earlier trials.
Commercialization of our product candidates depends upon successful completion of clinical trials. We must provide the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and foreign regulatory authorities with pre-clinical and clinical data that demonstrates the safety and efficacy of our products before they can be approved for commercial sale.
Any clinical trial may fail to produce results satisfactory to the FDA. Pre-clinical and clinical data can be interpreted in different ways, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Negative or inconclusive results or adverse medical events during a clinical trial could cause a clinical trial to be repeated or a program to be terminated. For example, during 2002, we terminated Phase 2 clinical trials of our anti-cytomegalovirus drug candidate, T611, and our anti-cancer drug candidate, T64. Additionally, we have decided not to pursue additional trials of our anti-cancer drug candidate, T607, at this time, even though we saw partial responses in some cancer patients in earlier clinical trials.
In addition, the FDA could determine that the design of a clinical trial is inadequate to produce reliable results and require us to revamp the design of the clinical trial or terminate the clinical trial altogether. If we need to revamp a clinical trial or perform more or larger clinical trials than planned, our financial results will be harmed.
In March 2003, we initiated a Phase 2/3 clinical trial for batabulin (formerly known as T67) that will enroll approximately 750 first-line hepatocellular carcinoma, or HCC, patients. This trial is likely to take several years to complete and contemplates early termination if safety or efficacy data on the first 100 patients is unsatisfactory. The FDA has informed us that if trial results satisfy certain criteria, this one trial could support an application to market batabulin for HCC, but additional trials may be necessary. Additionally, the FDA has informed us that it will require additional pre-clinical testing of batabulin prior to regulatory approval, and we are in the process of performing this additional testing. Any setbacks in our batabulin program could cause a substantial decline in our stock price.
We do not know whether our existing or any future clinical trials will demonstrate safety and efficacy sufficient to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals or will result in marketable products. Failure to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our products under development would prevent receipt of FDA approval and, ultimately, commercialization of our product candidates.
For additional information concerning the testing of our prospective products, see BusinessGovernment Regulation in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.
16
Delays in clinical testing could result in increased costs to us.
Significant delays in clinical testing could materially impact our product development costs. We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, will need to be revamped or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in obtaining regulatory approval to commence a study, delays in reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical sites and delays occurring at a prospective clinical site such as holdups in obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a study. In addition, we may experience delays in recruiting subjects to participate in a study or decide that we need additional or longer trials to demonstrate effectiveness or to determine the appropriate product dose. We may also experience difficulties obtaining sufficient quantities of a particular drug candidate for use in a clinical trial in a timely fashion or manufacturing-related safety and stability issues with our clinical trial supplies.
Further, we typically rely on third-party clinical investigators to conduct our clinical trials and other third-party organizations to oversee the operations of such trials and to perform data collection and analysis. As a result, we may face additional delaying factors outside our control if these parties do not perform their obligations in a timely, complete or accurate manner.
While we have not yet experienced delays that have materially impacted our clinical trials or product development costs, delays of this sort could occur for the reasons identified above or for other reasons. For example, in the second quarter of 2004, we received a letter from the FDA placing our investigational new drug application, or IND, for T131 on partial clinical hold. This action is based on new guidance from the FDA that will delay the initiation of all PPAR compound trials of greater than six months in duration until two-year rodent toxicity is completed and submitted to the FDA for consideration. While there is no immediate impact on our current clinical studies, our overall T131 development program may be delayed as we work to satisfy this requirement. This partial clinical hold and/or a clinical hold on any of our other drug candidates could delay our clinical trials and our financial results could be harmed.
If we have delays in testing or approvals, our product development costs will increase. For example, we may need to make additional payments to third-party investigators and organizations to retain their services or we may need to pay recruitment incentives. If the delays are significant, our financial results and the commercial prospects for our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to become profitable will be delayed.
Since there is a narrow therapeutic window between efficacy and toxicity in certain anti-cancer drugs, clinical trials may be terminated at an early stage, and the development of the product candidate may be discontinued.
One of our current clinical candidates, batabulin (formerly known as T67) is a cytotoxic agent directed to the treatment of cancer. Anti-cancer drugs of this type generally have a narrow therapeutic window between efficacy and toxicity. Because cancer patients are often critically ill and anti-cancer drugs can be extremely toxic to humans, drug-related deaths and very serious side effects may occur in clinical trials. If unacceptable toxicity is observed in clinical trials, the trials may be terminated at an early stage so that we can conduct further preclinical research or the development of the product candidate may be completely discontinued, despite favorable pre-clinical or early clinical results.
Because we must obtain regulatory approval to market our products in the United States and foreign jurisdictions, we cannot predict whether or when we will be permitted to commercialize our products.
The pharmaceutical industry is subject to stringent regulation by a wide range of authorities. We cannot predict whether regulatory clearance will be obtained for any product we develop. A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the United States until it has completed rigorous pre-clinical testing and clinical trials and an extensive regulatory clearance process implemented by the FDA. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements typically takes many years, is dependent upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Of particular significance are the requirements covering research and development, testing, manufacturing, quality control, labeling and promotion of drugs for human use.
Before commencing clinical trials in humans in the United States, we must submit an IND application to the FDA. Clinical trials are subject to oversight by institutional review boards and the FDA and:
| must be conducted in conformance with the FDAs good clinical practices and other applicable regulations; |
| must meet requirements for institutional review board oversight; |
| must meet requirements for informed consent; |
| are subject to continuing FDA oversight; |
| may require large numbers of test subjects; and |
| may be suspended by us or the FDA at any time if it is believed that the subjects participating in these trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or if the FDA finds deficiencies in the IND or the conduct of these trials. |
17
While we have stated that we intend to file two INDs per year over the next several years, this is only a statement of intent, and we may not be able to do so because we may not be able to identify suitable product candidates. In addition, the FDA may not permit us to proceed with clinical trials under any IND in a timely manner, or at all.
Before receiving FDA clearance to market a product, we must demonstrate that the product is safe and effective in the patient population that will be treated. Delays or rejections of regulatory clearances may be encountered based upon additional government regulation from future legislation or administrative action or changes in FDA policy during the period of product development, clinical trials and FDA regulatory review. Failure to comply with applicable FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production or injunction, as well as other regulatory action against our potential products or us. Additionally, we have limited experience in conducting and managing the clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval.
Outside the United States, our ability to market a product is contingent upon receiving a marketing authorization from the appropriate regulatory authorities. This foreign regulatory approval process includes all of the risks associated with FDA clearance described above.
For additional information concerning regulatory approval of our prospective products, see BusinessGovernment Regulation in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.
Failure to attract, retain and motivate skilled personnel and cultivate relationships with leading clinicians and scientists will delay our product development programs and our research and development efforts.
We had approximately 403 employees as of June 30, 2004, including employees of our majority-owned subsidiary, Cumbre Inc. Our success depends on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management, clinical and scientific personnel and on our ability to develop and maintain important relationships with leading clinicians and scientists. Competition for skilled personnel is intense. In particular, our product development programs depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled chemists and clinical development personnel. Currently, we do not have employment contracts with any of our management, scientific or development personnel. We also do not carry any key person insurance. We are highly dependent on certain of our management, scientific and development personnel. In particular, the loss of the services of David V. Goeddel, Ph.D., our chief executive officer, could impede significantly the achievement of our research and development objectives, our relationships with existing and potential collaborators and the development of our product candidates. In connection with the merger, Arrow Acquisition, LLC has executed employment agreements with Dr. Goeddel and our executive vice president for operations, Terry Rosen, Ph.D., to become effective on the consummation of the merger. In addition to our employees, we rely on the expertise and services of certain leading clinicians and scientists to act as consultants, clinical study investigators and/or advisory board members. If we fail to obtain, and in some cases maintain, productive and collaborative relationships with certain clinicians and scientists, our product development programs and our research and development efforts may be delayed. We do not know if we will be able to attract, retain or motivate personnel or cultivate or maintain key relationships. The announcement of the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen could have a negative impact on our efforts to do so.
The drug discovery methods we employ are relatively new and may not lead to the development of drugs.
The drug discovery methods we employ based upon the regulation of gene expression are relatively new. We do not know if these methods will lead to the discovery of commercially viable drugs. Batabulin (formerly known as T67) does not act by the regulation of gene expression. There is limited scientific understanding generally relating to the regulation of gene expression and the role of genes in complex diseases, and relatively few products based on gene discoveries have been developed and commercialized by drug manufacturers. Even if we are successful in identifying the pathways that cells use to control the expression of genes associated with specific diseases, these discoveries may not lead to the development of drugs. Furthermore, our drug discovery efforts are focused on a number of target genes whose functions have not yet been fully identified. As a result, the safety and efficacy of drugs that alter the expression of these genes have not yet been established. Therefore, drugs we identify that alter the expression of our target genes may prove to be unsafe or ineffectual and, as a result, our research and development activities may not result in any commercially viable products.
18
Currently, all of our corporate collaborations have terms of five years or less and include provisions that allow the other party to terminate on short notice in certain circumstances. If we cannot maintain our key current corporate collaborations and enter into new corporate collaborations, our product development could be delayed.
We rely, to a significant extent, on our corporate collaborators to provide funding in support of our research and to jointly conduct some research and pre-clinical testing functions. Currently we are dependent on active collaborations with Amgen, Sankyo and the pharmaceutical division of Japan Tobacco. The collaboration agreement with Amgen may be terminated by either party upon a material breach by the other party that has not been cured. The collaboration agreement with Sankyo provides that Sankyo may terminate the agreement at the end of each year if intellectual property considerations prevent the collaboration from working with the targets being pursued in the collaboration. Further, either party may terminate the agreement at any time upon a material breach by the other party. The research support for the collaboration with Japan Tobacco terminated on May 31, 2004, the end of the fourth year of the five-year research collaboration. The development portion of the collaboration may be terminated by either party upon a material breach by the other party. In each of the Sankyo and Japan Tobacco collaborations, each party may elect to terminate its co-development obligations with respect to, and profit-sharing interest in, a given collaboration product, with immediate effect upon written notice to the other party. In the Amgen collaboration, Amgen may elect to terminate development of a given collaboration product with immediate effect, upon written notice to us.
If any of our corporate collaborators were to breach or terminate their agreement with us or otherwise fail to conduct the collaborative activities successfully and in a timely manner, the pre-clinical or clinical development or commercialization of the affected product candidates or research programs could be delayed or terminated. We cannot control the amount and timing of resources our corporate collaborators devote to our programs or potential products. In addition, we expect to rely on our corporate collaborators for commercialization of some of our products.
The continuation of any of our partnered drug discovery and development programs may be dependent on the periodic renewal of our corporate collaborations. All of our corporate collaborations have terms of five or fewer years, which is less than the period required for the discovery, clinical development and commercialization of most drugs. Certain of our corporate collaboration agreements provide that, upon expiration of a specified period after commencement of the agreement, the corporate collaborator has the right to terminate the agreement on short notice, and may permit termination without cause. Our collaboration with Merck & Co., Inc. was terminated by Merck in March 1999, our collaboration with Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. expired in January 2000, our collaboration with Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was terminated by Taisho in March 2000, our collaboration with Knoll AG was terminated in October 2001, our collaboration with the pharmaceutical division of Japan Tobacco on obesity expired in September 2001, our collaboration with the pharmaceutical division of Japan Tobacco on lipid disorders was terminated in April 2002, our collaboration with the Roche Bioscience division of Syntex (U.S.A.) LLC relating to inflammation expired in July 2003, the research portion of our collaboration with Eli Lilly and Company relating to the treatment of blood clots expired in December 2001 and the research portion of our collaboration with the pharmaceutical division of Japan Tobacco terminated in May 2004. Our existing corporate collaboration agreements also may terminate before the full term of the collaborations. Moreover, we may not be able to renew our current collaborations on acceptable terms, if at all. If funding from one or more of our corporate collaborations was reduced or terminated, we would be required to devote additional internal resources to product development or scale back or terminate some development programs or seek alternative corporate collaborators.
There have been a significant number of business combinations among large pharmaceutical companies that have resulted in a reduced number of potential future corporate collaborators. If business combinations involving any of our corporate collaborators were to occur, the effect could be to diminish, terminate or cause delays in one or more of our corporate collaborations.
We may not be able to negotiate additional corporate collaborations on acceptable terms, if at all, and these collaborations may not be successful. Further, the announcement of our proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen could have a negative impact on our efforts to negotiate additional corporate collaborations or extend existing ones. Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly depending on the initiation of new corporate collaboration agreements or the limitation, termination or expiration of existing corporate collaboration agreements.
19
We may not have the resources required to realize the value from our commercialization rights, and if we do not realize value from our commercialization rights, we may not achieve our commercial objectives.
If we do not effectively exploit the commercialization rights we have retained, we may not achieve profitability. In most of our corporate collaborations to date, we have retained various commercialization rights for the development and marketing of pharmaceutical products, including rights in specified geographical regions. For a description of programs for which we have retained commercialization rights, see BusinessCorporate Collaborations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. We may take advantage of these currently retained rights directly or may exploit retained rights through collaborations with others. The value of these rights, if any, will be largely derived from our ability, directly or with collaborators, to develop and commercialize drugs, whose success is also uncertain.
The exploitation of retained commercialization rights requires sufficient capital; technological, product development, manufacturing and regulatory expertise and resources; and marketing and sales personnel. We may not be able to develop or obtain these resources in sufficient quantity, or of sufficient quality, to enable us to achieve our objectives. To the extent that we are required to rely on third parties for these resources, failure to establish and maintain our relationships will affect our ability to realize value from our retained commercialization rights. If we seek to commercialize products for which we have retained rights through joint ventures or collaborations, we may be required to relinquish material rights on terms that may not be favorable to us. We do not know whether we will be able to enter into any agreements on acceptable terms, if at all, or whether we will be able to realize any value from our retained commercialization rights.
If our competitors are better able to attract and/or retain qualified personnel or collaborators; develop, license or acquire proprietary technology that is superior to our technology; or develop and market products that are more effective than our product candidates, our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated.
Our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and market products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or are less expensive than our product candidates. With respect to our drug discovery programs, other companies have product candidates in clinical trials to treat each of the diseases for which we are seeking to discover and develop product candidates. These competing potential drugs are further advanced in development than are any of our potential products and may result in effective, commercially successful products. Even if we, alone or with our collaborators, are successful in developing effective drugs, our products may not compete effectively with these competing products or other successful products. Our competitors may succeed in developing and marketing products that are more effective or easier to use than those that we may develop, alone or with our collaborators, or that are marketed before any products we develop are marketed.
Our competitors include fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies with large drug and target discovery efforts as well as universities and public and private research institutions. We estimate that we have at least 20 competitors in the cancer area, including Bristol-Myers Squibb. Competition for batabulin (formerly known as T67) could include approved tubulin binding drugs, such as Taxol®, Taxotere®, navelbine, vincristine and vinblastine, and Thymitaq®, a systemic chemotherapy, and ADI-PEG 20, an argininedeiminase conjugated to polyethylene glycol, that are in Phase 3 testing for HCC, and a raf kinase inhibitor in Phase 2 testing. We estimate that we have at least 20 competitors in the immune disorders area, including Novartis. There are several drugs approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and/or psoriasis, such as Enbrel®, Remicade®, Raptiva®, Amevive® and Humira®, and many therapies in development, such as P38 map kinase inhibitors, that could compete with T487. We estimate that we have at least 15 competitors in the metabolic diseases area, including GlaxoSmithKline. There are a number of drugs in development that target PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), as does our drug candidate T131, and there are two compounds targeting PPARgamma already on the market (Actos® and Avandia®). Competition for T71 includes approved compounds Xenical® and Meridia® and a number of drugs in development, such as rimonabant, axokine and a neuropeptide Y 5 antagonist, all of which are in Phase 3 trials for the treatment of obesity. In addition, companies pursuing different but related fields, such as gene therapy, represent substantial competition.
Many of the organizations competing with us have substantially greater capital resources, larger research and development staffs and facilities, greater experience in drug development and in obtaining regulatory approvals and greater marketing capabilities than we do. In addition, these organizations also compete with us to:
| attract and retain qualified personnel; |
| attract parties for acquisitions, joint ventures or other collaborations; and |
| license or acquire technology that is competitive with or required to commercialize the technology we are practicing. |
We may be disadvantaged in our attempts to compete in these areas by the fact that we have announced the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to attract or retain the personnel and collaborators necessary to support the growth of our business in the event the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen is not consummated.
For additional information regarding the competition we face, see BusinessCompetition in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.
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Because it is difficult and costly to protect our proprietary rights, we cannot ensure their protection.
Our commercial success will depend, in part, on obtaining patent protection on our products and successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we cannot predict with certainty the breadth of claims allowed in our patents and other companies patents.
The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage. For example:
| we might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications and issued patents; |
| we might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions; |
| others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies; |
| it is possible that none of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents; |
| any patents issued to us or our collaborators may not provide a basis for commercially viable products or may not provide us with any competitive advantages or may be challenged by third parties; |
| we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or |
| the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our ability to do business. |
As of June 30, 2004, we held more than 110 U.S. patents and had approximately 110 patent applications pending before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. For some of our discoveries, corresponding non-U.S. patent protection has been received or is pending. Aspects of all of our product candidates that are in clinical trials are covered by issued patents and/or pending applications in the U.S. and in foreign countries that we consider to be important commercial opportunities. Based on the subject matter claimed therein, our patents can be categorized as compound-related, including patents covering product candidates, research-related, including patents covering gene sequences and assay methodologies, or diagnostic-related, including patents covering methods of diagnosing disease states and methods of selecting appropriate treatment regimens for disease states. Of the more than 110 U.S. patents that we hold, approximately 35 patents are compound-related, having expiration dates between 2016 and 2021, more than 70 patents are research-related, having expiration dates between 2012 and 2020, and approximately four patents are diagnostic-related, having expiration dates in 2019. Subject to possible patent term extension, the entitlement for which and the term of which we cannot predict, patent protection in the U.S. covering the compounds for our batabulin (formerly known as T67) product candidate will expire in 2016. In addition, for T131, T487 and T71, our other product candidates that are in clinical trials, patent applications are pending, but no patents have yet issued. Although third parties may challenge our rights to, or the scope or validity of, our patents, to date we have not received any communications from third parties challenging our patents or patent applications covering our product candidates.
We are a party to various license agreements that give us rights to use specified technologies in our research and development processes. If we are not able to continue to license any such technology on commercially reasonable terms, our product development and research may be delayed. In addition, we generally do not control the patent prosecution of in-licensed technology and, accordingly, are unable to exercise the same degree of control over this type of intellectual property as we exercise over our internally developed technology.
We rely on trade secrets to protect technology where we believe patent protection is not appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. While we require employees, academic collaborators and consultants to enter into confidentiality agreements, we may not be able to adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information.
Our research and development collaborators may have rights to publish data and other information in which we have rights. In addition, we sometimes engage individuals or entities to conduct research that may be relevant to our business. The ability of these individuals or entities to publish or otherwise publicly disclose data and other information generated during the course of their research is subject to certain contractual limitations. The nature of the limitations depends on various factors, including the type of research being conducted, the ownership of the data and information and the nature of the individual or entity. In most cases, these individuals or entities are, at the least, precluded from publicly disclosing our confidential information and are only allowed to disclose other data or information generated during the course of the research after we have been afforded an opportunity to consider whether patent and/or other proprietary protection should be sought. If we do not apply for patent protection prior to such publication or if we cannot otherwise maintain the confidentiality of our technology and other confidential information, then our ability to receive patent protection or protect our proprietary information will be imperiled. See BusinessPatents and Other Proprietary Rights in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.
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Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement would require us to spend significant time and money and could prevent us from developing or commercializing our products.
Our commercial success depends in part on not infringing the patents and proprietary rights of other parties and not breaching any licenses that we have entered into with regard to our technologies and products. Because others may have filed, and in the future are likely to file, patent applications covering genes, gene products, therapeutic products or other technologies of interest to us that are similar or identical to ours, patent applications or issued patents of others may have priority over our patent applications or issued patents. When third-party patent applications or patents have priority over our patent applications or patents, we may not be able to obtain patent protection or we may lose patent protection that we have already received. Our inability to obtain patent protection or to maintain patent protection that we have received may result in us having to obtain a license to continue to use certain technologies or to continue to manufacture or market the affected products and processes. We are aware of third-party patents in the biopharmaceutical area with broad claims that, if valid, could affect a wide variety of pharmaceuticals, including batabulin (formerly known as T67), T131, T487, T71 and other product candidates that we are pursuing. In addition, patent holders sometimes send communications to a number of companies in related fields suggesting possible infringement, and we, like other biotechnology companies, have received these types of communications, including with respect to some of the third-party patents mentioned above. With respect to the claims raised by such third-party communications regarding our product candidates, we either: believe that our activities do not infringe the patents at issue; believe that such third-party patents are invalid; or, because such third-party patents are the subject of current litigation proceedings with other parties, do not know if such third-party patents are valid. However, it is possible that a judge or jury will disagree with our conclusions regarding non-infringement or invalidity, and we could incur substantial costs in litigation if we are required to defend against patent suits brought by third parties or if we initiate these suits. Invalidity, in particular, is difficult to establish, in part because in the United States, issued patents enjoy a presumption of validity that can be rebutted only by clear and convincing evidence of invalidity. Any legal action against our collaborators or us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin commercial activities relating to the affected products and processes could, in addition to subjecting us to potential liability for damages, require our collaborators or us to obtain a license to continue to manufacture or market the affected products and processes. It is not known whether any license required under any of these patents would be made available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain such licenses could materially and adversely affect our ability to develop, commercialize and sell our products. We believe that there may be significant litigation in the industry regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. If we become involved in litigation, it could consume a substantial portion of our management and financial resources and we may not prevail in any such litigation.
Furthermore, our commercial success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to conduct research to identify additional product candidates in current indications of interest or opportunities in other indications. Some of these activities may involve the use of genes, gene products, screening technologies and other research tools that are covered by third-party patents. A court decision has indicated that the exemption from patent infringement afforded by 35 U.S.C. 271(e)(1) does not encompass all research and development activities associated with product development. In some instances, we may be required to obtain licenses to such third-party patents to conduct our research and development activities, including activities that may have already occurred. It is not known whether any license required under any of these patents would be made available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain such licenses could materially and adversely affect our ability to maintain a pipeline of potential product candidates and to bring new products to market. If we are required to defend against patent suits brought by third parties relating to third-party patents that may be relevant to our research activities, or if we initiate such suits, we could incur substantial costs in litigation. Moreover, an adverse result from any legal action in which we are involved could subject us to damages and/or prevent us from conducting some of our research and development activities. Even if we believe that our activities do not infringe any third-party patents or that such third-party patents are invalid, it is possible that a judge or jury would disagree with our conclusions regarding non-infringement or invalidity, and that we could incur substantial costs in litigation if we are required to defend against patent suits brought by third parties or if we initiate such suits.
Even if regulatory authorities approve our products or product candidates for the treatment of the diseases we are targeting, the market may not accept our products or our products may not be commercially successful, and we may be unable to achieve profitability.
Even if our product development efforts are successful and the requisite regulatory approvals are obtained, we may not be able to commercialize our product candidates. Our profitability will depend on the markets acceptance and the commercial success of our product candidates.
We anticipate that the annual cost of our drug candidates for the treatment under each of the diseases for which we are seeking approval will be significant. These costs will vary for different diseases based on the dosage and method of administration. Accordingly, we may decide not to market any of our drug candidates for an approved disease because we believe that it may not be commercially successful.
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In addition, our products may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, healthcare payors and the medical community. Market acceptance of and demand for our products and product candidates will depend on many factors, including the following:
| cost of treatment; |
| pricing and availability of alternative products; |
| ability to obtain third-party coverage or reimbursement for our products or product candidates to treat a particular disease; |
| relative convenience and ease of administration; and |
| prevalence and severity of adverse side effects associated with treatment. |
If any of our products do not achieve market acceptance or are not commercially successful, we may not achieve profitability.
If we do not progress in our programs as anticipated, our stock price could decrease.
For planning purposes, we estimate the timing of a variety of clinical, regulatory and other milestones, such as when a certain product candidate will enter clinical development, when a clinical trial will be completed or when an application for regulatory approval will be filed. Our estimates are based on present facts and a variety of assumptions. Many of the assumptions underlying the estimates are outside of our control. If milestones are not achieved when we expect them to be, investors could be disappointed and our stock price could decrease.
We rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our drug candidates and those third parties may not perform satisfactorily.
We do not have the ability to independently conduct clinical trials for drug candidates, and we rely on third parties such as contract research organizations, medical institutions and clinical investigators to perform this function. We expect that our Phase 2/3 trial for the treatment of HCC with batabulin (formerly known as T67) will involve as many as 100 clinical sites and other logistical complexities. We are relying on contract research organizations to manage this trial. If third parties in this trial or others do not perform satisfactorily or meet expected deadlines, our clinical trials may be extended or delayed. We may not be able to locate any necessary replacements or enter into favorable agreements with them, if at all. In some cases, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approvals for our drug candidates and therefore may not be able to successfully commercialize our drug candidates for targeted diseases.
If we are unable to contract with third parties to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities and at an acceptable cost, we may be unable to meet demand for our products and lose potential revenues.
Completion of our clinical trials and commercialization of our product candidates require access to, or development of, facilities to manufacture a sufficient supply of our product candidates in compliance with regulatory requirements. We depend on our collaborators or third parties for the manufacture of compounds for pre-clinical, clinical and commercial purposes in their manufacturing facilities that comply with the FDAs current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, regulations. Our products may be in competition with other products for access to these facilities. Consequently, our products may be subject to manufacturing delays if collaborators or outside contractors give other products greater priority than our products. Problems with any of our contractors manufacturing processes could result in a failure to produce adequate supplies or acceptable products, which could cause delays in research and clinical testing, recall of products previously shipped or inability to supply products at all. In addition, changes to manufacturing processes, standards or cGMP regulations could cause delays. For these and other reasons, our collaborators or third parties may not be able to manufacture our products in a cost-effective or timely manner. If not performed in a timely manner, the clinical trial development of our product candidates or their submission for regulatory approval could be delayed, and our ability to deliver products on a timely basis could be impaired or precluded. We may not be able to enter into any necessary third-party manufacturing arrangements on acceptable terms, if at all. Our current dependence upon others for the manufacture of our products may adversely affect our future profit margin and our ability to commercialize products on a timely and competitive basis. We do not intend to develop or acquire facilities for the manufacture of product candidates for clinical trials or commercial purposes in the foreseeable future.
If we are unable to create sales, marketing and distribution capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to perform these functions, we will not be able to commercialize products.
We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capability. In order to commercialize any products, we must internally develop sales, marketing and distribution capabilities or make arrangements with a third party to perform these services. We intend to market some products directly and rely on relationships with one or more pharmaceutical companies with established distribution systems and direct sales forces to market other products. To market any of our products directly, we must develop a marketing and sales force with technical expertise and with supporting distribution capabilities. We may not be able to establish in-house sales and distribution capabilities or necessary relationships with third parties. To the extent that we enter into co-promotion or other licensing arrangements, our product revenues are likely to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold our products, and any revenues we receive will depend upon the efforts of third parties. Such efforts may not be successful and are outside of our control.
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Our ability to generate revenues will be diminished if we fail to obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement for our products from third-party payors.
The continuing efforts of government and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of health care through various means will limit our commercial opportunity. For example, in some foreign markets, pricing and profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals are subject to government control. In the United States, we expect that there will continue to be a number of federal and state proposals to implement similar government control. In addition, increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States will continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that any of our collaborators or we would receive for any products in the future. Further, cost control initiatives could adversely affect our collaborators ability to commercialize our products and our ability to realize revenues from this commercialization.
Our ability to commercialize pharmaceutical products, alone or with collaborators, may depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for the products will be available from:
| government and health administration authorities; |
| private health insurers; and |
| other third-party payors. |
Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved health care products. Third-party payors, including Medicare, are challenging the prices charged for medical products and services. Government and other third-party payors increasingly are attempting to contain health care costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. Third-party insurance coverage may not be available to patients for any products we discover and develop, alone or with collaborators. If government and other third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement levels for our products, the market acceptance of these products may be reduced.
Some of our advisors and directors have affiliations that may present conflicts of interest adverse to your best interests.
A. Grant Heidrich, III, chairman of our Board of Directors, also serves on the board of directors of Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Millennium has publicly disclosed that it is pursuing programs that are competitive with, and may have scientific overlap with, our programs. Edward W. Holmes, M.D., a member of our Board of Directors, also serves on the scientific advisory board of GlaxoSmithKline, which is pursuing programs that compete with our programs. Additionally, members of our Board of Directors and management serve on the boards of directors of privately held companies that may have programs that are competitive, and may have scientific overlap, with our programs. As a result of these potential conflicts of interests, these advisors or directors may act in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily our best interests or those of our stockholders.
Because our collaboration agreements may allow our collaborators to develop competitive products, conflicts may arise with our collaborators that may result in the withdrawal of support for our product candidates.
If conflicts of interest arise between us and our corporate or academic collaborators or scientific advisors, they may act in their own self-interest and not in the interest of our stockholders. Some of our corporate or academic collaborators are conducting multiple product development efforts within each disease area on which they collaborate with us. For example, we understand that Japan Tobacco is independently developing drug candidates within the metabolic disease area and Amgen and Medarex are both independently developing drug candidates within the cancer area. These drug candidates may be competitive with those resulting from our collaborations with these companies. Generally, in each of our collaborations, we have agreed not to conduct independently, or with a third party, any research that is competitive with the research conducted under our collaborations. Our collaborations may have the effect of limiting the areas of research that we may pursue, either alone or with others. Our collaborators, however, may develop, either alone or with others, products in related fields that are competitive with the products or potential products that are the subject of these collaborations. Competing products, either developed by the collaborators or to which the collaborators have rights, may result in their withdrawal of some or all support for our product candidates.
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Conflicts may arise between us and our majority-owned subsidiary, Cumbre Inc.
We have a majority-owned subsidiary, Cumbre, in which minority equity interests are held by third parties. In addition, we may establish additional subsidiaries in the future in which the subsidiary sells minority equity interests to third parties. Conflicts may arise between us and Cumbre, including with respect to:
| the allocation of business opportunities; |
| the sharing of rights, technologies and other resources; and |
| the fiduciary duties owed by officers and directors who provide services to both us and Cumbre. |
If Cumbre decides to pursue commercial opportunities that are competitive with our own, Cumbre may succeed in developing and marketing products that are more effective or easier to use than those that we may develop or that are marketed before any products we develop are marketed.
If we fail to obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, we will be unable to successfully develop products.
Additional financing will be required in the future to fund operations. We do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed, or that, if available, we will obtain financing on terms favorable to our stockholders or us. Together with our majority-owned subsidiary, Cumbre, we used $212.1 million of cash in operating activities during the three-year period ended December 31, 2003. We expect our operating and capital spending to increase in the future as we expand operations to support the development of new and existing drug candidates. The extent of any actual increases in operating or capital spending will depend on the clinical success of our drug candidates. In addition, we may be required under certain specific circumstances to pay a termination fee of $50.0 million to Amgen or reimburse Amgen for up to $10.0 million of Amgens merger-related expenses. If adequate funds are not available, we will not be able to continue developing our products and we may not become profitable.
Raising additional capital by issuing securities or through collaboration and licensing arrangements would cause dilution to existing stockholders or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates.
We may raise additional financing through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or additional corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. In connection with our collaboration agreement with Amgen, subject to certain closing conditions, Amgen is obligated to purchase $40.0 million in newly issued Tularik common stock over the next three years, which will result in dilution to our existing stockholders. However, Amgens obligation to purchase additional shares of Tularik common stock has been suspended until either the termination or consummation of our merger with a subsidiary of Amgen. Upon consummation of the proposed merger, Amgens obligation will be terminated. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it will be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or product candidates and we may grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
If product liability lawsuits are successfully brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our products.
The testing and marketing of medical products entail an inherent risk of product liability. Although we are not aware of any historical or anticipated product liability claims, if we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products. We currently carry product liability insurance that covers our clinical trials up to a $5.0 million annual aggregate limit. Our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of pharmaceutical products we develop, alone or with corporate collaborators, or otherwise materially and adversely affect our financial position. We or our corporate collaborators may not be able to obtain such insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all. While under various circumstances we are entitled to be indemnified against losses by our corporate collaborators, indemnification may not be available or adequate should any claims arise.
If we are unable to obtain or maintain our insurance coverage at a reasonable cost and with adequate coverage, our insurance may not cover any liability that may arise.
We currently have insurance policies covering our business, property and product candidates currently in clinical development. However, insurance has become more difficult and costly to obtain and the coverage is narrower than what was previously available. In addition, any claim made against one of our insurance policies could adversely affect our ability to obtain or maintain future insurance coverage at a reasonable cost. If we are unable to obtain or maintain our insurance coverage at a reasonable cost and with adequate coverage, our insurance may not cover any liability that may arise.
If our officers, directors and largest stockholders choose to act together, they may be able to control our management and operations, acting in their best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders. Moreover, sales by these stockholders could depress our stock price.
As of June 30, 2004, our directors, executive officers and holders of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock and their affiliates beneficially owned approximately 25.6% of our common stock. Accordingly, they collectively have the ability to influence significantly the election of all of our directors and to determine the outcome of most corporate actions requiring stockholder approval. They may exercise this ability in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders.
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As of June 30, 2004, Amgen owned 13,952,885 shares of our common stock, which represented approximately 21.0% of our outstanding common stock. These shares held by Amgen are eligible for resale in the public markets, subject to applicable securities laws, including Rule 144. Even if Amgen is deemed to be an affiliate of ours for purposes of the federal securities laws, Amgen may still resell any of its shares in the public markets pursuant to Rule 144 subject to the volume and manner of sale restrictions and the notice requirement of Rule 144. In general, under Rule 144, Amgen could resell in any three-month period a number of shares of up to the greater of 1% of our outstanding shares or the average weekly trading volume of our common stock in the four weeks leading up to Amgens filing of a notice of intent to sell. In addition, we have entered into a registration rights agreement with Amgen under which Amgen may require us to register for resale all of these shares. If Amgen sells its shares pursuant to a registration statement, its sales of our common stock would not be subject to the Rule 144 limitations described above. In addition, if Amgen is deemed not to be an affiliate of ours, its sales of our common stock would not be subject to the Rule 144 limitations described above. In addition, for as long as Amgen owns 10% or more of our outstanding common stock, Amgen will be subject to the short swing trading provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Depending on the circumstances, these provisions may provide some economic disincentive for Amgen to sell shares in the open market or otherwise. Any decision by any large stockholder, including Amgen, to sell substantial amounts of our stock could depress our stock price.
Our stock price is volatile, and your investment in our stock could decline in value.
The market prices for securities of biotechnology companies, including our stock, have been highly volatile and may continue to be highly volatile in the future. During 2004, our common stock has traded between $16.45 and $24.84 per share. The following factors, in addition to other risk factors described in this filing, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock:
| adverse results or delays in clinical trials; |
| market conditions for pharmaceutical and biotechnology stocks generally; |
| announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by our competitors or us; |
| developments concerning proprietary rights, including patents; |
| developments concerning our collaborations; |
| publicity regarding actual or potential medical results relating to products under development by our competitors or us; |
| regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries; |
| events related to the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen and/or the operating results or stock price of Amgen; |
| litigation, including the three purported class action lawsuits filed in response to our announcement of the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen; |
| expenditures on merger-related costs if the merger with a subsidiary of Amgen is not consummated; |
| general economic and other external factors or other disasters, wars or crises; or |
| period-to-period fluctuations in financial results. |
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If we use biological and hazardous materials in a manner that causes injury or violates laws, we may be liable for damages.
Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially harmful biological materials as well as hazardous materials, chemicals and various radioactive compounds. We cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from the use, storage, handling or disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages that result, and any liability could exceed our resources. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. The cost of compliance with these laws and regulations could be significant.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party (other than Amgen, for whom we have contractually agreed to waive these provisions as a condition of consummating the proposed merger) to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our Board of Directors. Because our Board of Directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. These provisions:
| establish that members of the Board of Directors may be removed without cause upon the affirmative vote of stockholders owning at least two-thirds of our outstanding capital stock and removed for cause upon the affirmative vote of stockholders owning a majority of our outstanding capital stock; |
| authorize the issuance of blank check preferred stock that could be issued by our Board of Directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt; |
| limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders; |
| prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; and |
| establish advanced notice requirements for nominations for election to the Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings. |
We adopted a stockholder rights plan that may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that is beneficial to our stockholders.
In December 2002, our Board of Directors adopted a stockholder rights plan that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition that is beneficial to our stockholders by diluting the ability of a potential acquiror to acquire us. Pursuant to the terms of the plan, when a person or group, except under certain circumstances including the proposed merger with a subsidiary of Amgen, acquires 20% or more of our outstanding common stock or ten business days after commencement or announcement of a tender or exchange offer for 20% or more of our outstanding common stock, the rights (except those rights held by the person or group who has acquired or announced an offer to acquire 20% or more of our outstanding common stock) would generally become exercisable for shares of our common stock at a discount. Because the potential acquirors rights would not become exercisable for our shares of common stock at a discount, the potential acquiror would suffer substantial dilution and could lose its ability to acquire us. In addition, the existence of the plan itself could deter a potential acquiror from acquiring us. As a result, either by operation of the plan or by its potential deterrent effect, mergers and acquisitions of us that our stockholders may consider in their best interests may not occur.
The financial results of Cumbre may impact our future operating results.
The financial results of Cumbre, our majority-owned subsidiary, are consolidated with our own. In the first six months of 2004 and 2003, Cumbre generated net losses of approximately $3.9 million and $3.6 million, which represented approximately 8% and 7% of our consolidated net losses, respectively. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, Cumbre generated net losses of approximately $7.6 million, $6.5 million and $1.7 million, which represented approximately 7%, 7% and 3% of our consolidated net losses, respectively. While two of our executive officers are on the board of directors of Cumbre and another member of Cumbres board of directors is on our Board of Directors, the operating goals of Cumbre are different from our goals. Cumbre is focused on building an infrastructure to support drug discovery, while we are using our existing drug discovery infrastructure to advance drug candidates through the development process. Cumbres capital expenditures and operating expenses are expected to grow at a faster rate than ours, which may have a significant impact on our future consolidated operating results. Cumbres expected faster growth relates to the costs required to build the infrastructure to support Cumbres drug discovery efforts. As of June 30, 2004, we owned approximately 52% of the outstanding shares of Cumbres capital stock and approximately 48% of Cumbres capital stock on a fully diluted, as converted basis (which assumes the exercise of warrants to purchase 76,000 shares of Cumbres capital stock, the exercise of options to purchase 2,160,634 shares of Cumbres common stock and the conversion of all of Cumbres preferred stock outstanding at June 30, 2004). Cumbre may issue additional options subsequent to June 30, 2004. These options may dilute our ownership interest in Cumbre.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our exposure to market risk is principally limited to our cash equivalents and investments that have maturities of less than two years. We maintain an investment portfolio of investment grade, liquid debt securities that limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issue, issuer or type of instrument. The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged, are classified as available-for-sale and are therefore subject to interest rate risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. If market interest rates were to increase by 100 basis points, or 1%, from June 30, 2004 levels, the fair value of our portfolio would decline by approximately $0.2 million. The modeling technique used measures the change in fair values arising from an immediate hypothetical shift in market interest rates and assumes ending fair values include principal plus accrued interest.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Because we translate foreign currencies into United States dollars for reporting purposes, exchange rates can have an impact on our financial condition, although this impact is generally immaterial. We believe that our exposure to currency exchange risk is low because our German and British subsidiaries satisfy their financial obligations almost exclusively in their local currencies. As of June 30, 2004, we did not engage in foreign currency hedging activities.
Investment Risk
We are exposed to investment risks related to changes in the fair value of our investments. We have investments in several private companies. These investments are included in Other investments in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
We have invested $2.0 million in several private companies through the purchase of preferred stock. We also received $1.6 million in preferred stock of a private company in exchange for a license to certain technology and the assignment of certain patents. These investments are being carried at cost less amounts charged for impairment in the case of the purchased securities and at fair value less amounts charged for impairment on the date of receipt for the preferred stock received for the technology license and patent assignment, which was $2.3 million as of June 30, 2004. We have not recorded impairment losses related to these investments in 2004. We do not believe our preferred stock investments were impaired as of June 30, 2004.
Should the companies in which we have invested experience a deterioration of operating results or financial position, impairment charges may be necessary.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Based on our managements evaluation (with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer) as of June 30, 2004, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, subject to the limitations described below, Tulariks disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)) are sufficiently effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported with adequate timeliness, accuracy and completeness.
(b) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.
There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2004 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
(c) Limitations on the effectiveness of controls.
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected.
As of the date of this filing, we are aware of three purported class action lawsuits that have been filed in connection with our proposed merger with Amgen. In each case the suit was filed against us, our Board of Directors and Amgen. Each of these actions purportedly has been brought on behalf of all Tularik stockholders except the defendants and those related to or affiliated with any of the defendants. On March 29, 2004, a lawsuit was filed by Janis Zvokel in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County. In addition, on April 7, 2004, Zvokel served a First Request for Production of Documents on all defendants. On March 30, 2004, a second lawsuit containing class action allegations was filed by Fred Zucker in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware in and for New Castle County. On April 7, 2004, Mary Kahler filed a third lawsuit containing class action allegations in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Mateo. Kahler filed a first amended complaint in the same court on July 2, 2004. All of the complaints allege that our Board of Directors and Amgen breached fiduciary duties owed to Tularik stockholders, or aided and abetted such breaches, and that the consideration to be paid to the class members in the proposed merger is unfair and inadequate because the intrinsic value of our common stock is materially in excess of the amount offered for those securities. The complaints further allege that conflicts exist between defendants self-interests and their fiduciary obligation to maximize stockholder value, and that these conflicts have not been resolved in the best interests of Tularik stockholders. Kahlers first amended complaint also alleges that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by failing to provide Tulariks stockholders with material information necessary for them to make a fully informed decision concerning the proposed merger. All of the lawsuits seek injunctive relief to prevent the closing of the merger, as well as compensatory damages and attorneys fees and costs. The time for the defendants to respond to the complaints has not yet expired. In connection with Kahlers first amended complaint, plaintiff sought the Courts permission to take expedited discovery in support of her claims and to schedule a preliminary injunction hearing before the Tularik stockholders meeting on August 12, 2004. These matters were heard by the Court on July 8, 2004. At the hearing, the Court denied Kahlers motion to take expedited discovery and set a preliminary injunction hearing date of August 6, 2004. Kahlers first amended complaint is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to our Form 8-K filed July 9, 2004, and our description of this suit is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of that amended complaint. We believe that all of the lawsuits are meritless and intend to vigorously defend against the allegations in the complaints.
The following is an update of the status of our clinical drug candidates:
Batabulin (formerly known as T67). Discovered at Tularik, batabulin is an anti-cancer drug candidate that binds irreversibly to the same protein targeted by the cancer drugs Taxol® and vincristine. In 2003, we initiated a pivotal trial of batabulin for the first-line treatment of HCC, a primary liver cancer. In the quarter ended June 30, 2004, an independent Data Monitoring Committee, or DMC, reviewed the unblinded results of a planned interim analysis that included the first 100 patients enrolled in our pivotal trial. The DMC determined that the criteria for continuing the trial were satisfied. The DMC also requested an additional review of the data, which will occur in the third quarter of 2004.
T607. Discovered at Tularik, T607 is an analog of T67. In the quarter ended June 30, 2004, we completed Phase 2 clinical trials of T607 for the treatment of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Based on the results of these trials, no further trials are planned with T607.
T131. T131 is an orally active small molecule drug candidate that binds to the same protein targeted by the insulin sensitizing drugs Actos® and Avandia®. We commenced a Phase 2 clinical trial of T131 in patients with type 2 diabetes in 2003. In the second quarter of 2004, we received a letter from the FDA placing our T131 IND on partial clinical hold. This action is based on new guidance from the FDA that will delay the initiation of all PPAR compound trials of greater than six months in duration until two-year rodent toxicity studies are completed and submitted to the FDA for consideration. While there is no immediate impact on our current clinical studies, our overall T131 development program may be delayed as we work to satisfy this requirement.
T487. Discovered by Tularik in collaboration with ChemoCentryx, Inc., T487 is an orally active small molecule drug candidate that targets CXCR3, a chemokine receptor involved in the inflammatory response. We commenced a Phase 2 clinical trial program of T487 in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in 2003. In July 2004, we initiated a Phase 2 efficacy and safety study with T487 for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
T71. T71 is an orally active small molecule drug candidate that has shown activity in animal models predictive of anti-obesity efficacy. We commenced a Phase 1 clinical trial of T71 in overweight and obese volunteers in February 2004. In this trial, T71 was well-tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with once-daily dosing.
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Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) Exhibits
EXHIBIT NUMBER |
||
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. (1) | |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws. (2) | |
4.1 | Specimen Common Stock Certificate. (3) | |
31.1 | Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act. (4) | |
32.1 | Certification required by Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350). (4) |
(1) | Filed as an exhibit to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(2) | Filed as an exhibit to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference. |
(3) | Filed as an exhibit to our registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-89177), and incorporated herein by reference. |
(4) | These certifications accompany this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and shall not be deemed filed by Tularik for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. These certifications are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. |
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
The following reports on Form 8-K were filed during the three-month period ended June 30, 2004:
(i) | On April 16, 2004, we filed a current report on Form 8-K relating to two purported class action complaints filed in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware against Tularik Inc., each of the members of the Companys Board of Directors and Amgen Inc. |
(ii) | On April 22, 2004, we filed a current report on Form 8-K relating to the release of first quarter financial results. |
(iii) | On May 3, 2004, we filed a current report on Form 8-K relating to a purported class action complaint filed in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Mateo against Tularik Inc., each of the members of the Companys Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company and Amgen Inc. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
TULARIK INC. | ||||
August 4, 2004 |
by: |
/s/ David V. Goeddel | ||
David V. Goeddel Chief Executive Officer | ||||
August 4, 2004 |
by: |
/s/ William J. Rieflin | ||
William J. Rieflin Executive Vice President, Administration and Chief Financial Officer |
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