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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the QUARTERLY PERIOD ended March 31, 2004.

OR

For the transition period from                  to                 

Commission file number: 0-21643

CV THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

3172 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94304

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 384-8500

Indicate by check whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  x    No  ¨

The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of May 7, 2004 was 31,480,690.

CV THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See accompanying notes

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CV THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes

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CV THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes

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CV THERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements of CV Therapeutics, Inc. have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly the financial position at, and the results of operations for, the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2004 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2004 or of future operating results for any interim period. The financial information included herein should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 which includes the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

Principles of Consolidation

The financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. The functional currency of our United Kingdom subsidiary is the U.S. dollar and all intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. All foreign currency translation gains and losses were recorded in the consolidated statements of operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 52 “Foreign Currency Translation” and have not been significant.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 “Reporting Comprehensive Income” (SFAS 130), established standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income (loss) and its components. SFAS 130 requires unrealized gains or losses on our available-for-sale securities to be included in other comprehensive income (loss) as an element of stockholders’ equity. At each balance sheet date presented, our accumulated other comprehensive income consists solely of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities. Comprehensive loss was $21.5 million and $30.7 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2003 and March 31, 2004, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue under our collaborative research arrangements is recognized based on the performance requirements of each contract. Amounts received under such arrangements consist of up-front license, periodic milestone payments and reimbursement for research activities. Up-front or milestone payments, which are subject to future performance requirements, are recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized over the performance period. The performance period is estimated at the inception of the arrangement and is periodically reevaluated. The reevaluation of the performance period may shorten or lengthen the period during which the deferred revenue is recognized. We evaluate the appropriate period based on research progress attained and events such as changes in the regulatory and competitive environment. Payments received related to substantive, performance-based at-risk milestones are recognized upon achievement of the scientific or regulatory event specified in the underlying agreement. Payments received for research activities are recognized as the related research effort is performed.

Valuation of Marketable Securities

We invest our excess cash balances primarily in short-term and long-term marketable debt securities for use in current operations. Accordingly, we have classified all investments as short-term, even though the stated maturity date may be one year or more beyond the current balance sheet date. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Estimated fair value is based upon quoted market prices for these or similar instruments.

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Research and Development Expenses and Accruals

Research and development expenses include personnel and facility-related expenses, outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs, research costs and other consulting services. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. In instances where we enter into agreements with third parties for clinical trials, manufacturing and process development, research and other consulting activities, costs are expensed upon the earlier of when non-refundable amounts are due or as services are performed. Amounts due under such arrangements may be either fixed fee or fee for service, and may include upfront payments, monthly payments, and payments upon the completion of milestones or receipt of deliverables.

Our cost accruals for clinical trials are based on estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with numerous clinical trial centers and clinical research organizations. In the normal course of business we contract with third parties to perform various clinical trial activities in the on-going development of potential products. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation and variation from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the achievement of certain events, the successful accrual of patients, the completion of portions of the clinical trial or similar conditions. The objective of our accrual policy is to match the recording of expenses in our financial statements to the actual services received and efforts expended. As such, expense accruals related to clinical trials are recognized based on our estimate of the degree of completion of the event or events specified in the specific clinical study or trial contract.

Stock-Based Compensation

We have elected to continue to account for stock options granted to employees using the intrinsic-value method as prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (APB No. 25), and thus recognize no compensation expense for options granted with exercise prices equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. We recognize compensation for stock options granted to consultants in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Consensus No. 96-18 “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services.” The estimated fair value of such options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

For purposes of disclosures pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 “Stock-Based Compensation Expense and Equity Market Values” (SFAS No. 123), as amended by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148 “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure” (SFAS No. 148), the estimated fair value of options is amortized to expense over the options’ vesting period. The following table illustrates the effect on reported net loss and net loss per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 to stock based employee compensation (in thousands, except per share amounts):

The weighted-average fair value of options granted with exercise prices at market value of our common stock during the quarters ended March 31, 2003 and 2004 was $9.53 and $8.57, respectively.

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The fair value of our stock-based awards to employees was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:

Net Loss Per Share

Net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Potential common shares have been excluded from the computation as their effect is antidilutive. Had we been in a net income position, diluted earnings per share would have included the impact of outstanding dilutive options, warrants and convertible subordinated notes and debentures.

2.    Commitments

We lease our two primary facilities under noncancellable operating leases. The lease for one facility expires in April 2014 with an option to renew for eleven years. The lease for the second facility incorporates a sublease that expires in February 2005, and a master lease that expires in April 2012. The sublease is secured by an irrevocable letter of credit, which contains certain covenants that we were in compliance with as of March 31, 2004. In addition, we have leased certain property and equipment under capital leases with expiration dates through 2004.

We have entered into certain manufacturing-related agreements in connection with the future commercial production of Ranexa^™.

The table below presents minimum payments under our commitments as of March 31, 2004:

Under the manufacturing-related agreements, additional payments above the specified minimums will be required if the FDA approves Ranexa, and in connection with the manufacture of Ranexa.

3.    Litigation

We and certain of our officers and directors are named as defendants in a purported securities class action lawsuit filed in August 2003 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California captioned Crossen v. CV Therapeutics, Inc., et al. The lawsuit is brought on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of our securities, and seeks unspecified damages. As is typical in this type of litigation, several other purported securities class action lawsuits containing substantially similar allegations have since been filed against the defendants, and we expect that additional lawsuits containing substantially similar allegations may be filed in the future. In November 2003, the court appointed a lead plaintiff, and in December 2003, the court consolidated all of the securities class actions filed to date into a single action captioned In re CV Therapeutics, Inc. Securities Litigation. In January 2004, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint. We and the other named defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint in March 2004. We expect a hearing on these motions to occur in June or July 2004.

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In addition, our directors and certain of our officers have been named as defendants in a derivative lawsuit filed in August 2003 in California Superior Court, Santa Clara County, captioned Kangos v. Lange, et al., which names CV Therapeutics as a nominal defendant. The plaintiff in this action is one of our stockholders who seeks to bring derivative claims on behalf of the Company against the defendants. The lawsuit alleges breaches of fiduciary duty and related claims based on behalf of CV Therapeutics against the defendants. The lawsuit alleges breach of fiduciary duty and related claims based on purportedly misleading statements concerning our New Drug Application for Ranexa.

As with any litigation proceeding, we cannot predict with certainty the eventual outcome of pending litigation.

4.    Stockholders’ Equity

In January 2004, we sold 684,097 shares of common stock for net cash proceeds of approximately $10.0 million under our financing arrangement with Acqua Wellington North American Equities Fund, Ltd.

In February 2004, we entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Mainfield Enterprises, Inc., pursuant to which we could sell up to 1,609,186 shares of our common stock to Mainfield. In March 2004, we sold 1,609,186 shares of common stock to Mainfield for net proceeds of approximately $25.0 million. The shares were issued pursuant to a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3.

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This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other parts of this Report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to future events or our future clinical or product development, financial performance or regulatory review of our potential products. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expects”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential” or “continue” or the negative of those terms and other comparable terminology. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” as well as such other risks and uncertainties detailed in our other Securities and Exchange Commission reports and filings. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

CV Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of new small molecule drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Since our inception in December 1990, substantially all of our resources have been dedicated to research and development. To date, we have not generated any product revenues and do not expect to generate any product revenues until we receive marketing approval and launch one of our products, if at all. Until that time, we expect our sources of revenues, if any, to consist of payments under corporate partnerships and interest income until one of our products receives marketing approval, if at all. As of March 31, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of $460.8 million. The process of developing and commercializing our products requires significant research and development, preclinical testing and clinical trials, manufacturing arrangements as well as marketing approvals. These activities, together with our sales and marketing expenses and our general and administrative expenses, are expected to result in substantial operating losses for the foreseeable future. We will not receive product revenues unless and until we or our collaborative partners complete clinical trials, obtain marketing approval, and successfully commercialize one or more of our products. We have not received any product approvals from any regulatory authorities in the United States or any foreign jurisdiction for the commercial sale of any of our products, and none of our products have been determined to be safe or effective in humans for any use.

We are developing our lead drug candidate Ranexa for the potential treatment of chronic angina. Ranexa is a small-molecule drug in tablet form that, if approved by the FDA, could be taken by patients who suffer from chronic angina. Chronic angina is a debilitating heart condition that is usually characterized by repeated and sometimes unpredictable attacks of chest pain. Unlike current anti-anginal drug therapies, Ranexa appears to exert its anti-anginal activity without depending on reductions in heart rate or blood pressure. If approved by the FDA, Ranexa would represent the first new class of anti-anginal therapy in the United States in more than 25 years. In December 2002, we submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) for Ranexa to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the potential treatment of chronic angina. An NDA is a filing made by a drug sponsor for marketing approval of a product in the United States. On October 30, 2003, the FDA sent us an approvable letter indicating that Ranexa is approvable, that there is evidence that Ranexa is an effective anti-anginal, and that additional clinical information is needed prior to approval. On December 9, 2003, the Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee, which is an advisory committee to the FDA, discussed a range of issues relating to the review of Ranexa, without voting on whether or not to approve the product or any other matters presented to it.

Based on on-going discussions with the FDA since that time, we believe that we can receive from the FDA initial marketing approval of Ranexa in a restricted population of angina patients with the completion of a single successful Phase III clinical study to be conducted under a special protocol assessment (SPA). We believe that the number of patients to be enrolled in this trial will be between the number of patients enrolled in our two prior Phase III studies of Ranexa (approximately 200 to 800 patients). We also plan to conduct one or more additional clinical trials of Ranexa, which could potentially allow us to seek initial or supplemental approval(s) for Ranexa over time. For example, we are considering conducting a study with the TIMI study group in ischemic patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In this trial, patients would be started in the hospital on an intravenous form of ranolazine, followed by the tablet form of the drug. If successful, this study could potentially support subsequent FDA approval of broader use of Ranexa and could provide us with the opportunity to access the hospital market for ACS patients. The information relating to these potential additional Ranexa studies, including the proposed study in a restricted population and the potential SPA, the TIMI study and any additional studies of Ranexa, is based on on-going discussions with the FDA, is not yet definitive, and is subject to change based on our on-going discussions with the agency.

In addition, in March 2004, we filed a Marketing Approval Application (MAA) seeking approval of ranolazine for the treatment of chronic angina with the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), through its centralized application procedure. An MAA is a filing made by a drug sponsor for marketing approval of a product in the European Union. To support current and potential activities in Europe, we have established a European subsidiary in the United Kingdom, which has as its primary function the evaluation of commercialization opportunities for ranolazine and our other product candidates in Europe.

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We are also developing regadenoson, an A_2A-adenosine receptor agonist, for potential use as a pharmacologic agent in cardiac perfusion imaging studies. Tecadenoson, an A₁-adenosine receptor agonist, is being developed for the potential reduction of rapid heart rate during atrial arrhythmias. Adentri, an A₁-adenosine receptor antagonist for the potential treatment of acute and chronic heart failure, is licensed to Biogen, Inc. (now Biogen Idec Inc.). In addition, we have several on-going research and preclinical development programs designed to bring additional drug candidates into human clinical testing.

We are subject to risks common to biopharmaceutical companies, including risks inherent in our research, development and commercialization efforts, preclinical testing, clinical trials, uncertainty of regulatory and marketing approvals, reliance on collaborative partners, enforcement of patent and proprietary rights, the need for future capital, potential competition, use of hazardous materials and retention of key employees. In order for a product to be commercialized, it will be necessary for us and, in some cases, our collaborators, to conduct preclinical tests and clinical trials, demonstrate efficacy and safety of our product candidate to the satisfaction of regulatory authorities, obtain marketing approval, enter into manufacturing, distribution and marketing arrangements, obtain market acceptance and, in many cases, obtain adequate reimbursement from government and private insurers. We cannot provide assurance that we will generate revenues or achieve and sustain profitability in the future.

Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates

We believe the following critical accounting policies presently involve more significant judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Valuation of Marketable Securities

We invest our excess cash balances primarily in short-term and long-term marketable debt securities for use in current operations. Accordingly, we have classified all investments as short term, even though the stated maturity date may be one year or more beyond the current balance sheet date. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in stockholders’ equity as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Estimated fair value is based upon quoted market prices for these or similar instruments.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue under our collaborative research arrangement is recognized based on the performance requirements of the contract. Amounts received under such arrangement consists of up-front license, periodic milestone payments and reimbursements for research activities. Up-front or milestone payments which are still subject to future performance requirements are recorded as deferred revenue and are amortized over the performance period. The performance period is estimated at the inception of the arrangement and is periodically reevaluated. The reevaluation of the performance period may shorten or lengthen the period during which the deferred revenue is recognized. We evaluate the appropriate period based on research progress attained and events such as changes in the regulatory and competitive environment. Payments received related to substantive, at-risk milestones are recognized upon achievement of the scientific or regulatory event specified in the underlying agreement. Payments received for research activities are recognized as the related research effort is performed.

Research and Development Expenses and Accruals

Research and development expenses include personnel and facility-related expenses, outside contracted services including clinical trial costs, manufacturing and process development costs, research costs and other consulting services. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. In instances where we enter into agreements with third parties for clinical trials, manufacturing and process development, research and other consulting activities, costs are expensed upon the earlier of when non-refundable amounts are due or as services are performed. Amounts due under such arrangements may be either fixed fee or fee for service, and may include upfront payments, monthly payments, and payments upon the completion of milestones or receipt of deliverables.

Our cost accruals for clinical trials are based on estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with numerous clinical trial centers and clinical research organizations. In the normal course of business we contract with third parties to perform various clinical trial activities in the on-going development of potential products. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation and variation from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under the contracts depend on factors such as the achievement of certain events, the successful accrual of patients, the completion of portions of the clinical trial or similar conditions. The objective of our accrual policy is to match the recording of expenses in our financial statements to the actual services received and efforts expended. As such, expense accruals related to clinical trials are recognized based on our estimate of the degree of completion of the event or events specified in the specific clinical study or trial contract.

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Results of Operations

Collaborative Research Revenues. Collaborative research revenues increased to $2.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, compared to $1.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The increase was due to greater reimbursement of certain development costs related to our collaboration with Fujisawa Healthcare, Inc. for the development of regadenoson.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased to $22.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, compared to $16.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The increase was primarily due to increased outside contract service expenses of $4.3 million primarily for our three clinical development programs: Ranexa, regadenoson and tecadenoson. We expect research and development expenses to increase in the future as we further expand product development efforts.

Management categorizes research and development expenditures into preclinical research expenses as opposed to clinical development program expenses, and also by personnel and facility related expenses as opposed to outside contract services expenses as follows:

Our three clinical development programs listed in rank order of expenditures for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 are as follows: Ranexa, regadenoson and tecadenoson. The relative allocation of resources to preclinical research compared to clinical development for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 was consistent with such allocations for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The increased allocation of resources to contract services compared to personnel and facility related expenses, in the quarter ended March 31, 2004 compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2003, primarily reflects development expenses for Ranexa and regadenoson.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased to $5.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, compared to $2.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The increase was primarily due to increased headcount and related expenses of $1.5 million associated with pre-commercialization activities for the Ranexa program, including expenses for marketing planning and communications. We have not incurred any sales related expenses. We do not expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase until we launch our first product.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $5.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, compared to $3.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The increase was primarily due to additional personnel and facility expenses to support our increased research, development and pre-commercialization efforts. We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in the future in line with our research, development and pre-commercialization activities.

Interest Income. Interest income decreased to $1.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, compared to $3.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The decrease was due to lower average interest rates. We expect that interest income will continue to fluctuate in the future with changes in average investment balances and market interest rates.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased to $3.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, compared to $2.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The increase was primarily due to amortization of debt issuance costs and interest associated with the June 2003 issuance of our 2.0% senior subordinated convertible debentures. For the quarter ended March 31, 2004, our subordinated convertible notes and senior subordinated convertible debentures accounted for $2.3 million and $500,000, respectively, of the interest in such quarter. We expect that interest expense will continue to fluctuate in the future with average loan balances.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations since inception primarily through private placements and public offerings of debt and equity securities, equipment and leasehold improvement financing, other debt financing and payments under corporate collaborations. For at least the next 24 months, we expect to be able to fund our operations from our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, which totaled $432.1 million as of March 31, 2004.

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As of March 31, 2004, we had $432.1 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, as compared to $430.1 million at December 31, 2003. Net cash used in operating activities was $31.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004, and resulted primarily from operating losses adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in other assets, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities, and deferred revenue.

Net cash provided by investing activities of $2.0 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2004 consisted primarily of sales and maturities of marketable securities of $91.9 million, partially offset by purchases of marketable securities of $89.3 million and capital expenditures of $577,000. Marketable securities decreased by $4.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2004.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $35.8 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2004 was primarily due to net proceeds of approximately $10.0 million from the sale of 684,097 shares of common stock under our financing arrangement with Acqua Wellington and net proceeds of approximately $25.0 million from the sale of 1,609,186 shares of common stock under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Mainfield Enterprises, Inc.

Net cash used in operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 was $31.6 million, compared to $26.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. The increase was primarily due to increased research, development and commercialization efforts.

As of March 31, 2004, we have invested $29.2 million in property and equipment with the rate of investment having increased in line with increased research and development efforts and as we expand our facilities. We expect to continue to make investments in property and equipment to support our growth.

Debt Financing

In March 2000, we completed a private placement of $196.3 million aggregate principal amount of 4.75% convertible subordinated notes due March 7, 2007. The notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future senior debt, as defined in the indenture governing the notes, including our 2.0% senior subordinated convertible debentures issued in June 2003. Interest on the notes accrues at a rate of 4.75% per year, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. We pay interest semi-annually on March 7 and September 7 of each year. The initial conversion rate, which is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, is 15.6642 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes. This is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $63.84 per share. We may, at our option, redeem all or a portion of the notes at any time at pre-determined prices from 102.036% to 100.679% of the face value of the notes per $1,000 of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.

In June 2003, we completed a private placement of $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.0% senior subordinated convertible debentures due May 16, 2023. The holders of the debentures may require us to purchase all or a portion of their debentures on May 16, 2010, May 16, 2013 and May 16, 2018, in each case at a price equal to the principal amount of the debentures to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the purchase date. The debentures are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future senior debt, as defined in the indenture governing the debentures, equal in right of payment to our future senior subordinated debt and senior in right of payment to our existing and future subordinated debt, including our 4.75% convertible subordinated notes issued in March 2000. We pay interest semi-annually on May 16 and November 16 of each year. The initial conversion rate, which is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, is 21.0172 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of debentures. This is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $47.58 per share. We may, at our option, redeem all or a portion of the debentures at any time on or after May 16, 2006 at pre-determined prices from 101.143% to 100.000% of the face value of the debentures per $1,000 of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.

The Company may from time to time seek to retire its outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material. Alternatively, the Company may from time to time seek to restructure its outstanding debt through exchanges for new debt securities in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The amounts involved may be material.

Equity Lines of Credit

In August 2000, we entered into a financing arrangement with Acqua Wellington to purchase our common stock. As of April 4, 2003, we and Acqua Wellington mutually agreed to terminate the financing arrangement in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement. Under the purchase agreement, as amended, we had the ability to sell up to $149.0 million of our common stock to Acqua Wellington through December 2003. Applicable Nasdaq National Market rules limited the number of shares of common stock that we

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could issue under our purchase agreement with Acqua Wellington to approximately 3,703,000 shares. Since we effectively reached the Nasdaq limit, as of April 4, 2003, the purchase agreement was terminated in accordance with its terms. Through April 4, 2003, we issued an aggregate of 3,687,366 shares of common stock in exchange for aggregate net cash proceeds of $113.7 million under this arrangement.

In July 2003, we entered into a new financing arrangement with Acqua Wellington to purchase our common stock. Under the new purchase agreement, we have the ability to sell up to $100.0 million of our common stock, or 5,686,324 shares of our common stock, whichever occurs first, to Acqua Wellington through November 2005. The purchase agreement provides that from time to time, in our sole discretion, we may present Acqua Wellington with draw down notices constituting offers to sell our common stock for specified total proceeds over a specified trading period. Once presented with a draw down notice, Acqua Wellington is required to purchase a pro rata portion of shares of our common stock as allocated on each trading day during the trading period on which the daily volume weighted-average price for our common stock exceeds a threshold price that we have determined and stated in the draw down notice. The per share price then equals the daily volume weighted-average price on each date during the pricing period, less a 3.8% to 5.8% discount (based on our market capitalization). However, if the daily volume weighted-average price falls below the threshold price on any day in the pricing period, Acqua Wellington is not required to purchase the pro rata portion of shares allocated to that day, but may elect to buy that pro rata portion of shares at the threshold price less the applicable 3.8% to 5.8% discount. Upon each sale of our common stock to Acqua Wellington under the purchase agreement, we have also agreed to pay Alder Creek Capital, L.L.C., Member NASD/SIPC, a placement fee equal to one fifth of one percent of the aggregate dollar amount of common stock purchased by Acqua Wellington.

Further, if during a draw down pricing period we enter into an agreement with a third party to issue common stock or securities convertible into common stock (excluding stock or options granted pursuant to our stock option, stock purchase or shareholder rights plans, common stock or warrants issued in connection with licensing agreements and/or collaborative agreements and warrants issued in connection with equipment financings) at a net discount to the then current market price, if we issue common stock with warrants (other than as provided in the prior parenthetical), or if we implement a mechanism for the reset of the purchase price of our common stock below the then current market price, then Acqua Wellington may elect to purchase the shares so requested by us in the draw down notice at the price established pursuant to the prior paragraph, to purchase such shares at the third party’s price, net of discount or fees, or to not purchase our common stock during that draw down pricing period.

The purchase agreement also provides that from time to time, in our sole discretion, we may grant Acqua Wellington a right to exercise one or more call options to purchase additional shares of our common stock during a drawn down pricing period, in an amount and for a threshold price that we determine and state in the draw down notice. However, the total call amount for any given draw down cannot exceed a specified maximum amount, and the amount of proceeds we may receive by exercise of a call option for any given trading day is also limited. If Acqua Wellington exercises the call option, we are obligated to issue and sell the shares of our common stock subject to the call option at a price equal to the greater of the daily volume weighted-average price of our common stock on the day Acqua Wellington exercises its call option, or the threshold price for the call option that we determine, less a 3.8% to 5.8% discount (based on our market capitalization).

The combined total value of shares that we have the ability to sell to Acqua Wellington through draw downs and call option exercises under the financing arrangement cannot exceed $100.0 million or 5,686,324 shares of our common stock, whichever occurs first. As of March 31, 2004, we have issued 1,271,586 shares of our common stock to Acqua Wellington under this financing arrangement for net cash proceeds of approximately $25.0 million.

Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Product Development Efforts and Future Capital Requirements

According to industry statistics, it generally takes 10 to 15 years to research, develop and bring to market a new prescription medicine in the United States. Drug development in the U.S. is a process that includes multiple steps defined by the FDA under applicable statutes, regulations and guidance documents. After the pre-clinical research process of identifying, selecting and testing in animals a potential pharmaceutical compound, the clinical development process begins with the filing of an IND or equivalent foreign filing. If successful, an IND allows clinical study of the potential new medicine. Clinical development typically involves three phases of study: Phase I, II and III. The most significant costs associated with clinical development are usually for Phase III trials, which tend to be the longest and largest studies conducted during the drug development process. After the completion of a successful preclinical and clinical development program, an NDA must be filed with the FDA, which includes among other things very large amounts of preclinical and clinical data and results and manufacturing-related information necessary to support requested approval of the product. The NDA must be reviewed by the FDA, and the review and approval process is often uncertain, time-consuming and costly. In light of the steps and complexities involved, the successful development of our products is highly uncertain. Actual product timelines and costs are subject to enormous variability and are very difficult to predict, as our clinical development programs are updated and changed to reflect the most recent clinical and pre-clinical data and other relevant information. In addition, various statutes and regulations also govern or influence the manufacturing, safety reporting, labeling, storage, recordkeeping and marketing of each product. The lengthy process of seeking these regulatory reviews and approvals, and the subsequent compliance with applicable statutes and regulations, require the expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure by us to obtain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals for our potential products could materially adversely affect our business.

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Conducting clinical trials and obtaining regulatory approval are lengthy, time-consuming and expensive processes. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any products, we must demonstrate to regulatory authorities through preclinical testing and clinical trials that our product candidates are safe and effective for use in humans. We will continue to incur substantial expenditures for, and devote a significant amount of time to, preclinical testing and clinical trials. The amounts of the expenditures that will be necessary to execute our business plan are subject to numerous uncertainties that may adversely affect our liquidity and capital resources to a significant extent.

We may require substantial additional funding in order to complete our research and development activities and commercialize any potential products. We currently estimate that our existing resources and projected interest income will enable us to maintain our current and planned operations for at least the next 24 months. However, we cannot assure you that we will not require additional funding prior to then or that additional financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including scientific progress in our research, development and commercialization programs, the size and complexity of these programs, the timing, scope and results of preclinical studies and clinical trials, our ability to establish and maintain corporate partnerships, the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals, the costs involved in filing, prosecuting and enforcing patent claims, competing technological and market developments, the cost of manufacturing preclinical and clinical material and other factors not within our control. We cannot guarantee that the additional financing to meet our capital requirements will be available on acceptable terms or at all. Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research, development or commercialization programs, to lose rights under existing licenses or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose, or may adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. If we issue equity securities to raise additional funds, substantial dilution to existing stockholders may result.

The significant amounts of capital that we are spending to provide and/or enhance infrastructure, headcount and inventory in preparation for the potential launch of Ranexa could be lost if we do not receive United States marketing approval for Ranexa. Our Ranexa commercialization efforts include building our sales and marketing infrastructure, increasing our marketing communications efforts, and planning for the hiring and training of a national sales force. We have spent approximately $39.7 million on these activities from January 1, 2002 through March 31, 2004. If the FDA does not approve Ranexa, these expenditures and any future commitments of capital could be lost. The loss of this investment may harm our business, increase our cash requirements, increase the volatility of our stock price and result in additional operating losses. In addition, if FDA approval of Ranexa is delayed, we will incur additional commercialization expenses at a later date to prepare for a delayed launch of Ranexa. If the FDA does approve Ranexa, we expect that our operating expenses will increase substantially in connection with the market launch of the product.

We cannot be certain that we will ever achieve and sustain profitability. Since our inception, we have been engaged in research, development and pre-commercialization activities. We have generated no product revenues, and must receive regulatory approval for the marketing of a product in a given jurisdiction before we can begin marketing any product and generating any product revenues. As of March 31, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of $460.8 million. The process of developing and commercializing our products requires significant research and development work, preclinical testing and clinical trials, as well as regulatory approvals and marketing and sales efforts. These activities, together with our general and administrative expenses, are expected to result in operating losses for the foreseeable future. Even if we are able to obtain marketing approvals and generate product revenues, we may not achieve profitability.

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Risk Factors

None of our products have been approved by any regulatory authorities and we have never generated any revenues from the commercial sale of our products.

Since our inception in 1990, we have dedicated substantially all of our resources to research and development. We have not received any product approvals from any regulatory authorities in the United States or any foreign jurisdiction for the commercial sale of any of our products, and none of our products have been determined to be safe or effective in humans for any use. All of our product candidates are either in clinical trials under an Investigational New Drug application, which is a regulatory filing made by a drug sponsor to the FDA prior to beginning human clinical testing in the United States, or applicable submissions to foreign regulatory authorities, or are in preclinical or earlier research and development. Because none of our potential products have been approved by any regulatory authorities, we have not generated any product revenues to date, and do not expect to generate any product revenues until we receive marketing approval and launch one of our products, if at all.

Conducting clinical trials is a lengthy, time-consuming and expensive process. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any products, we must demonstrate to regulatory authorities through preclinical testing and clinical trials that our product candidates are safe and effective for use in humans. We will continue to incur substantial expense for, and devote a significant amount of time to, preclinical testing and clinical trials.

Drug discovery methods based upon molecular cardiology are relatively new. We cannot be certain that these methods will lead to commercially viable pharmaceutical products. In addition, some of our compounds within our adenosine receptor research, cardiac metabolism, atherosclerosis, vascular stenosis and cardiovascular genomics programs are in the early stages of research and development. We have not submitted Investigational New Drug applications or commenced clinical trials for these new compounds. We cannot be certain when these clinical trials will commence, if at all. Because these compounds are in the early stages of product development, we could abandon further development efforts before they reach clinical trials.

We cannot be certain that any of our product development efforts will be completed or that any of our products will be shown to be safe and effective. Regulatory authorities have broad discretion to interpret safety and efficacy data in granting approval and making other regulatory decisions. Even if we believe that a product is safe and effective, we cannot assure you that regulatory authorities will interpret the data in the same way and we may not obtain the required regulatory approvals. Furthermore, we may not be able to manufacture our products in commercial quantities or market any products successfully.

We expect to continue to operate at a loss and may never achieve profitability.

We cannot be certain that we will ever achieve and sustain profitability. Since our inception, we have been engaged in research, development and pre-commercialization activities. We have generated no product revenues, and must receive regulatory approval for the marketing of a product in a given jurisdiction before we can begin marketing and generating any product revenues. As of March 31, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of $460.8 million. The process of developing and commercializing our products requires significant research and development work, preclinical testing and clinical trials, as well as regulatory approvals and marketing and sales efforts. These activities, together with our general and administrative expenses, are expected to result in operating losses for the foreseeable future. Even if we are able to obtain marketing approvals and generate product revenues, we may not achieve profitability.

If we are unable to secure additional financing, we may be unable to complete our research and development activities or successfully commercialize any of our products.

We may require substantial additional funding in order to complete our research and development activities and commercialize any of our products. In the past, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity and debt securities, payments from our collaborators, equipment and leasehold improvement financing and other debt financing. We have generated no product revenue and do not expect to do so until we receive marketing approval and launch one of our products, if at all. We currently estimate that our total operating expenses for the six-month period ending June 30, 2004 will be approximately $65 million to $70 million. Our operating expenses in the second half of 2004 are likely to be greater. For at least the next 24 months, we expect to be able to fund our operations from cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, which totaled $432.1 million as of March 31, 2004. However, we may require additional funding prior to that time.

Our need for additional funding will depend on many factors, including, without limitation:

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Additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. If we are unable to raise additional funds, we may, among other things:

If additional funds are raised by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders will experience dilution. There may be additional factors that could affect our need for additional financing. Many of these factors are not within our control.

Any delay in the development of any of our products will harm our business.

All of our products require development, preclinical studies and/or clinical trials, and will require regulatory review and approval prior to commercialization. Any delays in the development of our products would delay our ability to seek and obtain regulatory approvals, increase our cash requirements, increase the volatility of our stock price and result in additional operating losses. One potential cause of a delay in product development is a delay in clinical trials. Many factors could delay completion of our clinical trials, including, without limitation:

We may be unable to maintain our proposed schedules for Investigational New Drug and equivalent foreign applications and clinical protocol submissions to the FDA and other regulatory agencies, and our proposed schedules for initiation and completion of clinical trials, as a result of FDA or other regulatory action or other factors such as lack of funding or complications that may arise in any phase of a clinical trial program.

Furthermore, even if our clinical trials occur on schedule, the results may differ from those obtained in preclinical studies and earlier clinical trials. Clinical trials may not demonstrate sufficient safety or efficacy to obtain the necessary approvals.

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All of our products require regulatory review and approval prior to commercialization. Any delay in the regulatory review or approval of any of our products will harm our business.

All of our products require regulatory review and approval prior to commercialization. Any delays in the regulatory review or approval of our products would delay market launch, increase our cash requirements, increase the volatility of our stock price and result in additional operating losses.

The process of obtaining FDA and other required regulatory approvals, including foreign approvals, often takes many years and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the products involved. Furthermore, this approval process is extremely expensive and uncertain. We may not be able to maintain our proposed schedules for the submission of an NDA, MAA or foreign applications for any of our products. If we submit an NDA to the FDA seeking marketing approval for any of our products, the FDA must decide whether to either accept or reject the submission for filing. We cannot be certain that any of our NDA submissions will be accepted for filing and reviewed by the FDA, or that our MAA submissions to European regulatory authorities or any other marketing applications submitted to other foreign authorities will be accepted for filing and review by those authorities. We cannot be certain that we will be able to respond to any regulatory requests during the review period in a timely manner without delaying potential regulatory action. We also cannot be certain that any of our products under development will receive a favorable recommendation from any FDA or foreign regulatory advisory committees or bodies or be approved for marketing by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities. Even if marketing approval of a product is granted in any jurisdiction, we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the promotion of the product. In addition, delays in approvals or rejections of marketing applications may be based upon many factors, including regulatory requests for additional analyses, reports, data and/or studies, regulatory questions regarding data and results, changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development and/or the emergence of new information regarding our products or other products.

For example, in December 2002, we submitted an NDA for Ranexa to the FDA for the potential treatment of chronic angina. On October 30, 2003, we received an approvable letter from the FDA for the Ranexa NDA. In the approvable letter, the FDA indicated that Ranexa is approvable, that there is evidence that Ranexa is an effective anti-anginal, and that additional clinical information is needed prior to approval. On December 9, 2003, the Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Committee of the FDA discussed a range of issues relating to the review of Ranexa for the treatment of chronic angina, without voting on whether or not to approve the product or any other matters presented to it. Since that time, we have been advised by the FDA that the potential issue raised in the approvable letter relating to testicular toxicity have been resolved. In addition, based on on-going discussions with the FDA, we believe that we can receive from the FDA initial marketing approval of Ranexa in a restricted population of angina patients with the completion of a single successful Phase III clinical study to be conducted under a special protocol assessment (SPA). We believe that the number of patients to be enrolled in this trial will be between the number of patients enrolled in our two prior Phase III studies of Ranexa (approximately 200 to 800 patients), and that enrollment may be completed in 2005, which could allow for a potential launch of Ranexa in 2006 in the United States. However, if study completion is delayed, or if the FDA ultimately determines that any new data are insufficient for approval, we expect that any potential approval of Ranexa in the United States would be substantially delayed or could be prevented altogether. In addition, the information relating to this potential study in a restricted population and the potential SPA is based on on-going discussions with the FDA, and is not yet definitive. As a result the status and risks relating to the Ranexa program in the United States may change based on our on-going discussions with and submissions to the FDA.

The FDA’s SPA process creates a binding written agreement between the sponsor company and the FDA regarding pivotal trial design, clinical endpoints, data analyses and other clinical trial issues. It is intended to provide assurance that if the trial meets its endpoints, it may serve as the primary basis for an efficacy claim in support of an NDA approval. In general, these SPAs are considered binding on the FDA as well as the sponsor company, unless public health concerns unrecognized at the time the SPA is entered into become evident or if the FDA becomes aware of a substantial scientific issue essential to product safety or efficacy. Even after an SPA is finalized, the SPA may be changed by the sponsor company or the FDA on written agreement of both parties. If the sponsor company fails to comply with the agreed upon trial protocols, the SPA will not be binding on the FDA.

In addition to the Ranexa NDA in the United States, we have filed an MAA seeking marketing approval for ranolazine for the treatment of chronic angina with the EMEA. We intend to file applications for regulatory approval of our products in various foreign jurisdictions from time to time in the future. However, we have not received any regulatory approvals in any foreign jurisdiction for the commercial sale of any of our products.

Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are subject to different interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory review or approval of any of our products. For example, some drugs that prolong the QT interval, which is a measurement of specific electrical activity in the heart as captured on an electrocardiogram, carry an increased risk of serious cardiac rhythm disturbances, or arrhythmias, while other drugs that prolong the QT interval do not carry an increased risk of arrhythmias. Small but statistically significant mean increases in the QT interval were observed in clinical trials of Ranexa. QT interval measurements are not precise and there are different methods of calculating the corrected QTc interval, which is the QT interval as adjusted for heart rate. This uncertainty in the measurement and calculation of the QT and QTc intervals can lead to different interpretations of these data. The clinical significance of the changes in QTc interval observed in clinical trials of Ranexa remains unclear, and other clinical and preclinical data do not suggest that Ranexa significantly pre-disposes patients to arrhythmias. Regulatory authorities may interpret the Ranexa data differently, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of Ranexa. For example, in its October 30, 2003 approvable letter relating to the NDA for Ranexa, the FDA indicated that additional clinical information is needed prior to approval, in part because of the FDA’s concern regarding safety in light of the effect of Ranexa to prolong the QTc interval.

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Similarly, as a routine part of the evaluation of any potential drug, clinical studies are generally conducted to assess the potential for drug-drug interactions that could impact potential product safety. While we believe that the interactions between Ranexa and other drugs have been well characterized as part of our clinical development program, the data are subject to regulatory interpretation and an unfavorable interpretation could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of Ranexa.

Furthermore, regulatory attitudes towards the data and results required to demonstrate safety and efficacy change over time and can be affected by many factors, including the emergence of new information (including on other products), changing policies and regulatory agency funding, staffing and leadership. We cannot be sure whether future changes to the regulatory environment will be favorable or unfavorable to our business prospects.

In addition, the environment in which our regulatory submissions may be reviewed changes over time. For example, average review times at the FDA for marketing approval applications have fluctuated over the last 10 years, and we cannot predict the review time for any of our submissions with any regulatory authorities. In addition, review times can be affected by a variety of factors, including budget and funding levels and statutory, regulatory and policy changes.

If we are unable to satisfy governmental regulations relating to the development and commercialization of our drug candidates, we may be unable to obtain or maintain necessary regulatory approvals to commercialize our products.

The research, testing, manufacturing and marketing of drug products are subject to extensive regulation by numerous regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may subject a company to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions. These include without limitation:

If we obtain a marketing approval for any of our products, we may be required to undertake post-marketing clinical trials or other risk management programs. The scope, complexity, cost and duration of any such clinical trials or risk management programs could vary substantially; consequently, any post-marketing trials or risk management programs could aversely affect the market acceptance of our products and the revenues and profitability of any product sales that we may obtain. In addition, identification of side effects or potential safety or dosing or other compliance issues after a drug is on the market, or the occurrence of manufacturing-related problems, could cause or require subsequent withdrawal of approval, reformulation of the drug, additional preclinical testing or clinical trials, changes in labeling of the product, and/or additional regulatory approvals.

If we receive a marketing approval for any of our products, we will also be subject to ongoing post-marketing obligations and continued regulatory review, such as continued safety reporting requirements. In addition, we or our third party manufacturers will be required to adhere to stringent federal regulations setting forth current good manufacturing practices for pharmaceuticals. These regulations require, among other things, that we manufacture our products and maintain our records in a carefully prescribed manner with respect to manufacturing, testing and quality control activities.

If we receive marketing approval and if any of our products or services become reimbursable by a government health care program in the United States, such as Medicare or Medicaid, we will become subject to certain federal and state health care fraud and abuse and reimbursement laws. These laws include the federal “Medicare and Medicaid Fraud and Abuse Act,” “False Claims Act,” “Prescription Drug Marketing Act,” and their many state counterparts. When we become subject to such laws, our arrangements with third parties, including health care providers, physicians, vendors, distributors, wholesalers and others, will need to comply with these

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laws, as applicable. We do not know whether our existing or future arrangements will be found to be compliant. Our efforts to comply with these laws may be time-consuming and expensive. Violations of these statutes may result in substantial criminal and civil penalties and exclusion from governmental health care programs.

Our products, even if approved by the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies, may not achieve market acceptance.

If any of our products, after receiving FDA or foreign regulatory approvals, fail to achieve market acceptance, our ability to become profitable in the future will be adversely affected. We believe that market acceptance of our products will depend on our ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. If the data from our programs do not provide this evidence, market acceptance of our products will be adversely affected.

In addition, we believe that the level of market acceptance of our products will depend in part on our ability to obtain favorable labeling claims from regulatory authorities, which have broad discretion in approving the labeling for products. Approved labeling (if any) would have a direct impact on our marketing, promotional and sales programs. Unfavorable labeling would restrict our marketing, promotional and sales programs, which would adversely affect market acceptance of our products. In addition, regulatory authorities approve product labeling with reference to the preclinical and clinical data that form the basis of the product approval, and as a result the scope of approved labeling is generally impacted by the available data. For example, if Ranexa receives an initial marketing approval based on the trials conducted to date as well as the proposed trial in a restricted population under the FDA special protocol assessment process, we would expect that the product labeling would likely be for a restricted patient population.

We also believe that the level of market acceptance of our products will depend in part on whether regulatory authorities impose risk management programs on our products. Risk management programs vary widely in scope and complexity, and can include education and outreach programs, controls on the prescribing, dispensing or use of the product, and/or restricted access systems. If any of our products are subject to risk management programs, the market acceptance of our products may be impaired.

Our ability to compete successfully in our market will directly affect the market acceptance of our products. The pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, and the market for cardiovascular drugs in particular, are intensely competitive. If our products receive regulatory approvals, they will often compete with well-established, proprietary and generic cardiovascular therapies that have generated substantial sales over a number of years and are widely used by health care practitioners. Even if our products have no direct competition, the promotional efforts for our products will have to compete against the promotional efforts of other products in order to be noticed by physicians and patients. Moreover, the level of promotional effort in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical markets has increased substantially. Market acceptance of our products will be affected by the level of promotional effort that we are able to provide for our products. The level of our promotional efforts will depend in part on our ability to recruit, train and deploy an effective sales and marketing organization. We cannot assure you that the level of promotional effort that we will be able to provide for our products will be sufficient to obtain market acceptance of those products.

If we are unable to develop our own sales and marketing capability or if we are unable to enter into or maintain collaborations with marketing partners, we may not be successful in commercializing our products.

Our successful commercialization of Ranexa, if approved, will depend on our ability to establish an effective sales and marketing organization. We currently have contracted with a third party for logistics capabilities and have only limited sales and marketing capabilities. With the 2003 amendment to our sales and marketing services agreement with Quintiles and Innovex, we will now market Ranexa, if approved, ourselves in the United States. In order to do this, we will have to develop our own marketing and sales force with technical expertise and with supporting distribution capability. We have hired a limited number of marketing and sales personnel, and would expect to hire additional personnel in connection with the launch of our first product. Developing a marketing and sales force, however, is expensive and time consuming and could delay any product launch. We cannot be certain that we will be able to develop this capacity.

Our successful commercialization of Ranexa, if approved, will also depend on the performance of numerous third-party vendors. For example, we will rely on third-party vendors to help recruit an effective sales force, to manufacture Ranexa, to distribute Ranexa, and to administer any physician sampling program. Our level of success in commercializing Ranexa will depend in part on the efforts of these third party vendors.

For some of our products, we depend on collaborations with third parties, such as Biogen Idec Inc. and Fujisawa Healthcare, Inc., which have established distribution systems and direct sales forces. For instance, we have entered into agreements under which Biogen Idec is responsible for worldwide development, marketing and sales of any product that results from the Adentri program. The Adentri program is intended to develop a new treatment for congestive heart failure. We have also entered into an agreement under which Fujisawa is responsible for marketing and sales of regadenoson in North America. Under this agreement, we and Fujisawa are developing regadenoson for the potential use as a pharmacologic agent in cardiac perfusion imaging studies, which are more commonly known as cardiac stress tests. To the extent that we enter into co-promotion or other licensing arrangements, our revenues will depend upon the efforts of third parties, over which we have little control.

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We have no manufacturing experience and will depend on third parties to manufacture our products.

We do not currently operate manufacturing facilities for clinical or commercial production of our products under development. We have no direct experience in manufacturing commercial quantities of any of our products, and we currently lack the resources and capability to manufacture any of our products ourselves on a clinical or commercial scale. As a result, we are dependent on corporate partners, licensees, contract manufacturers or other third parties for the manufacturing of clinical and commercial scale quantities of all of our products.

For example, we have entered into several agreements with third party manufacturers relating to Ranexa, including for commercial scale or scale-up of bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient, tableting, packaging and supply of a raw material component of the product. We currently rely on a single supplier at each step in the production cycle of Ranexa. The commercial launch of Ranexa is thus dependent on these third party arrangements, and could be affected by any delays or difficulties in performance on the part of any of our third party manufacturers for Ranexa, including the failure of any of our third party manufacturers to supply product on a timely basis or at all, to manufacture our product in compliance with product specifications or applicable quality or regulatory requirements, or to manufacture our products in volumes sufficient to meet market demand. In addition, because we have used different manufacturers for elements of the Ranexa supply chain in different clinical trials and for potential commercial supply, in order to obtain marketing approval from any regulatory authorities (including the FDA) we will be required to demonstrate to the regulatory authorities’ satisfaction the bioequivalence or therapeutic equivalence of the multiple sources of Ranexa used in our clinical trials to the product to be commercially supplied. An unfavorable interpretation by any regulatory authority could delay or prevent regulatory approval for the product.

Furthermore, we and our third party manufacturers, laboratories and clinical testing sites must pass preapproval inspections of facilities by the FDA and corresponding foreign regulatory authorities before obtaining marketing approvals. In addition, manufacturing facilities are subject to periodic inspection by the FDA and other domestic and foreign regulatory authorities. We cannot guarantee that any such inspections will not result in compliance issues that could prevent or delay marketing approval, or require us to expend money or other resources to correct. In addition, drug product manufacturing facilities in California must be licensed by the State of California, and other states may have comparable requirements. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such licenses.

If we do not receive FDA marketing approval for Ranexa, the significant amounts of capital that we are spending to prepare for the potential commercialization of Ranexa could be lost.

The significant amounts of capital that we are spending to provide and/or enhance infrastructure, headcount and inventory in preparation for the potential launch of Ranexa could be lost if we do not receive United States marketing approval for Ranexa. Our Ranexa commercialization efforts include building our sales and marketing infrastructure, increasing our marketing communications efforts, and planning for the hiring and training of a national sales force. We have spent approximately $39.7 million on these activities from January 1, 2002 through March 31, 2004. If the FDA does not approve Ranexa, these expenditures and any future commitments of capital could be lost. The loss of this investment may harm our business, increase our cash requirements, and result in additional operating losses and a substantial decline in our stock price. In addition, if FDA approval of Ranexa is delayed, we will incur additional commercialization expenses at a later date to prepare for a delayed launch of Ranexa. If the FDA does approve Ranexa, we expect that our operating expenses will increase substantially in connection with the market launch of the product.

If we are unable to compete successfully in our market, it will harm our business.

There are many existing drug therapies approved for the treatment of the diseases targeted by our products, and we are also aware of companies that are developing new potential products that may compete in the same markets as our products. For example, there are over fifty companies currently marketing generic and/or branded anti-anginal drugs (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitrates) in the United States, and additional potential therapies may be under development. In the United States there are over ten companies currently marketing generic and/or branded pharmacologic stress agents, and at least two potential A_2A-adenosine receptor agonist compounds that could compete with regadenoson are under development. In addition, over ten companies are currently marketing generic and/or branded drugs in the United States for the treatment of acute atrial arrhythmias, and at least one A₁-adenosine receptor agonist compound that could compete with tecadenoson may be under development. There may also be potentially competitive products of which we are not aware. Many of these potential competitors may have substantially greater product development capabilities and financial, scientific, marketing and sales resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier or obtaining approvals from regulatory authorities more rapidly than either we or our corporate partners are able to achieve. Potential competitors may also develop products that are safer, more effective or have other potential advantages compared to those under development or proposed to be developed by us and our corporate partners. In addition, research and development by others could render our technology or our products obsolete or non-competitive.

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Failure to obtain adequate reimbursement from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations could materially adversely affect our future business, market acceptance of our products, results of operations and financial condition.

Our ability and the ability of our existing and future corporate partners to market and sell our products will depend significantly on the extent to which reimbursement for the cost of our products and related treatments will be available from government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. Third party payers and governmental health administration authorities are increasingly attempting to limit and/or regulate the price of medical products and services, especially branded prescription drugs. In addition, recently enacted federal legislation relating to Medicare coverage for prescription drugs will impact reimbursement for and pricing of prescription drugs in the United States in ways that are impossible to anticipate until the new Medicare program becomes available. Even if our products are deemed to be safe and effective by regulatory authorities, third party payers and governmental health administration authorities may direct patients to generic products or other lower-priced therapeutic alternatives.

Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved health care products. In addition, for sales of our products in Europe, we will be required to seek reimbursement approvals on a country-by-country basis. We cannot be certain that any products approved for marketing will be considered cost effective, that reimbursement will be available, or that allowed reimbursement will be adequate. In addition, payers’ reimbursement policies could adversely affect our or any corporate partners’ ability to sell our products on a profitable basis.

If we are unable to attract and retain collaborators, licensors and licensees, the development of our products could be delayed and our future capital requirements could increase substantially.

We may not be able to retain current or attract new corporate and academic collaborators, licensors, licensees and others. Our business strategy requires us to enter into various arrangements with these parties, and we are dependent upon the success of these parties in performing their obligations. If we fail to obtain and maintain these arrangements, the development and/or commercialization of our products would be delayed. We may be unable to proceed with the development, manufacture or sale of products or we might have to fund development of a particular product candidate internally. If we have to fund the development and commercialization of substantially all of our products internally, our future capital requirements will increase substantially. Our key collaborations and licenses include the following:

The collaborative arrangements that we may enter into in the future may place responsibility on the collaborative partner for preclinical testing and clinical trials, manufacturing and preparation and submission of applications for regulatory approval of potential pharmaceutical products. We cannot control the amount and timing of resources that our collaborative partners devote to our programs. If a collaborative partner fails to successfully develop or commercialize any product, product launch would be delayed. In addition, our collaborators may pursue competing technologies or product candidates.

Under our collaborative arrangements, we or our collaborative partners may also have to meet performance milestones. If we fail to meet our obligations under our collaborative arrangements, our collaborators could terminate their arrangements or we could lose our rights to the compounds under development. For example, under our agreement with Fujisawa for regadenoson, we are responsible for development activities and must meet development milestones in order to receive development milestone payments. Under our agreement with Biogen for Adentri, in order for us to receive development milestone payments, Biogen must meet development milestones. Under our license agreement with Syntex for Ranexa, we are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize ranolazine for angina, and have related milestone payment obligations.

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In addition, collaborative arrangements in our industry are extremely complex, particularly with respect to intellectual property rights, financial provisions, and other provisions such as the parties’ respective rights with respect to decision making. Disputes may arise in the future with respect to these issues, such as the ownership of rights to any technology developed with or by third parties. These and other possible disagreements between us and our collaborators could lead to delays in the collaborative research, development or commercialization of product candidates. These disputes could also result in litigation or arbitration, which is time consuming, expensive and uncertain.

If we are unable to effectively protect our intellectual property, we may be unable to complete development of any products and we may be put at a competitive disadvantage; and if we are involved in an intellectual property rights dispute, we may not prevail and may be subject to significant liabilities or required to license rights from a third party, or cease one or more product programs.

Our success will depend to a significant degree on our ability to, among other things:

However, we cannot be certain that patents will issue from any of our pending or future patent applications, that any issued patent will not be lost through an interference or opposition proceeding, reexamination request, litigation or otherwise, that any issued patent will be sufficient to protect our technology and investments, or that we will be able to obtain any extension of any patent beyond its initial term. The following table shows the expiration dates in the United States for the primary compound patents for our key products:

In addition to these issued patents, we have patent applications pending relating to each of our products. Although United States patent applications are now published 18 months after their filing date, as provided by federal legislation enacted in 1999, this statutory change applies only to applications filed on or after November 29, 2000. Applications filed in the United States prior to this date are maintained in secrecy until a patent issues. As a result, we can never be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our pending applications or that we were the first to invent the technology. There may be third party patents, patent applications, trademarks and other intellectual property relevant to our compounds, products, services and technology which are not known to us and that block or compete with our compounds, products, services or technology.

Competitors may have filed applications for, or may have received or in the future may receive, patents, trademarks and/or other proprietary rights relating to compounds, products, services or technology that block or compete with ours. We may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the Patent and Trademark Office. These proceedings determine the priority of invention and, thus, the right to a patent for the technology in the United States. We may also become involved in opposition proceedings in connection with foreign patent filings. In addition, litigation may be necessary to enforce any patents or trademarks issued to us, or to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of third parties. Litigation, interference and opposition proceedings, even if they are successful, are expensive, time-consuming and risky to pursue, and we could use a substantial amount of our limited financial resources in any such case.

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Just as it is important to protect our proprietary rights, we also must not infringe patents or trademarks of others that might cover our compounds, products, services or technology. If third parties own or have proprietary rights to technology or other intellectual property that we need in our product development and commercialization efforts, we will need to obtain licenses to those rights. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such licenses on economically reasonable terms, if at all. If we fail to obtain any necessary licenses, we may be unable to complete product development and commercialization.

We also rely on proprietary technology including trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. Although we seek to protect all of our proprietary technology, in part by confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, collaborators, advisors and corporate partners, these agreements may be breached. We cannot assure you that the parties to these agreements will not breach them or that these agreements will provide meaningful protection or adequate remedies in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary technology. In addition, we routinely grant publication rights to our scientific collaborators. Although we typically retain the right to delay publication to allow for the preparation and filing of a patent application covering the subject matter of the proposed publication, we cannot assure you that our collaborators will honor these agreements. Publication prior to the filing of a patent application would mean that we would lose the ability to patent the technology outside the United States, and third parties or competitors could exploit the technology. We also may not have adequate remedies to protect our proprietary technology including trade secrets. As a result, third parties may gain access to our trade secrets and other proprietary technology, or our trade secrets and other proprietary technology may become public. In addition, it is possible that our proprietary technology will otherwise become known or be discovered independently by our competitors.

In addition, we may also become subject to claims that we are using trade secrets of others without having the right to do so. Such claims can result in litigation, which can be expensive, time-consuming and risky to defend.

Litigation and disputes related to intellectual property are widespread in the biopharmaceutical industry. Although no third party has asserted a claim of infringement against us, we cannot assure you that third parties will not assert patent or other intellectual property infringement claims against us with respect to our compounds, products, services, technology or other matters in the future. If they do, we may not prevail and, as a result, may be subject to significant liabilities to third parties, may be required to license the disputed rights from the third parties or may be required to cease using the technology or developing or selling the compounds or products. We may not be able to obtain any necessary licenses on economically reasonable terms, if at all. Any intellectual property-related claims against us, with or without merit, as well as claims initiated by us against third parties, can be time-consuming and expensive to defend or prosecute.

Our business depends on certain key personnel, the loss of whom could weaken our management team, and on attracting and retaining qualified personnel.

The growth of our business and our success depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain key management, research and development, sales and marketing and other operating and administrative personnel. Our key personnel include all of our executive officers and vice presidents, many of whom have very specialized scientific, medical or operational knowledge regarding one or more of our key products. We have entered into executive severance agreements with certain key personnel, and have a severance plan that covers our full-time employees. We do not maintain key-person life insurance on any of our employees. The loss of the services of one or more of our key personnel or the inability to attract and retain additional personnel and develop expertise as needed could limit our ability to develop and commercialize our existing and future product candidates. Such persons are in high demand and often receive competing employment offers.

In addition, the successful and timely launch of our first product will depend in large part on our ability to recruit and train an effective sales and marketing organization in a timely fashion. We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and retain the qualified personnel or develop the expertise needed to launch of our first product or to continue to advance our other research and development programs. Our ability to attract and retain key employees in a competitive recruiting environment is dependent on our ability to offer competitive compensation packages, which typically include stock option grants. Current and proposed changes in laws, regulations, corporate governance standards, listing requirements and accounting treatments regarding stock options and other common compensation features, such as loans, may limit or impair our ability to attract and retain key personnel.

Our failure to manage our rapid growth could harm our business.

We have experienced rapid growth and expect to continue to expand our operations over time. As we prepare for the potential commercialization of Ranexa, continue to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates and expand our drug discovery efforts, we have added personnel in many areas, including operations, sales, marketing, regulatory, clinical, finance and information systems. Our growth can be measured by our increasing headcount and total operating expenses. As of January 31, 2002, January 31, 2003 and January 31, 2004, we employed 187, 205 and 261 individuals, respectively, on a full-time basis. In addition, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2003, our total operating expenses were $118.2 million and $121.3 million, respectively. Prior to the commercial launch of our first product, if any, we expect additional significant growth in our personnel and facility-related expenses. We may not manage this growth effectively, which would harm our business and cause us to incur higher operating costs. If rapid growth continues, it may strain our operational, managerial and financial resources.

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If there is an adverse outcome in our pending litigation, such as the securities class action litigation that has been filed against us, our business may be harmed.

We and certain of our officers and directors are named as defendants in a purported securities class action lawsuit filed in August 2003 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California captioned Crossen v. CV Therapeutics, Inc., et al. The lawsuit is brought on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of our securities, and seeks unspecified damages. As is typical in this type of litigation, several other purported securities class action lawsuits containing substantially similar allegations may be filed in the future. In November 2003, the court appointed a lead plaintiff, and in December 2003, the court consolidated all of the securities class actions filed to date into a single action captioned In re CV Therapeutics, Inc. Securities Litigation. In January 2004, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint. We and the other named defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint in March 2004. We expect a hearing on these motions to occur in June or July 2004.

In addition, our directors and certain of our officers have been named as defendants in a derivative lawsuit filed in August 2003 in California Superior Court, Santa Clara County, captioned Kangos v. Lange, et al., which names CV Therapeutics as a nominal defendant. The plaintiff in this action is one of our stockholders who seeks to bring derivative claims on behalf of CV Therapeutics against the defendants. The lawsuit alleges breaches of fiduciary duty and related claims based on purportedly misleading statements concerning our New Drug Application for Ranexa.

As with any litigation proceeding, we cannot predict with certainty the eventual outcome of pending litigation. Furthermore, we may have to incur substantial expenses in connection with these lawsuits. In the event of an adverse outcome, our business could be harmed.

Our operations involve hazardous materials, which could subject us to significant liability.

Our research and development and manufacturing activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, including hazardous chemicals, radioactive materials and pathogens, and the generation of waste products. Accordingly, we are subject to federal, state and local laws governing the use, handling and disposal of these materials. We may have to incur significant costs to comply with additional environmental and health and safety regulations in the future. We currently do not carry insurance for hazardous materials claims. We do not know if we will be able to obtain insurance that covers hazardous materials claims on acceptable terms with adequate coverage against potential liabilities, if at all. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of hazardous materials comply in all material respects with regulatory requirements, we cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of an accident or environmental discharge, we may be held liable for any resulting damages, which may exceed our financial resources and may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations in the future. There can also be no assurance that our operations, business or assets will not be materially adversely affected by current or future environmental laws or regulations.

We may be subject to product liability claims if our products harm people, and we have only limited product liability insurance.

The manufacture and sale of human drugs and other therapeutic products involve an inherent risk of product liability claims and associated adverse publicity. We currently have only limited product liability insurance for clinical trials and only limited commercial product liability insurance. We do not know if we will be able to maintain existing or obtain additional product liability insurance on acceptable terms or with adequate coverage against potential liabilities. This type of insurance is expensive and may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, we may be unable to commercialize our potential products. A successful product liability claim brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage, if any, may require us to pay substantial amounts. This could adversely affect our cash position and results of operations.

Our insurance policies are expensive and protect us only from some business risks, which will leave us exposed to significant, uninsured liabilities.

We do not carry insurance for all categories of risk that our business may encounter. For example, we do not carry earthquake insurance. In the event of a major earthquake in our region, our business could suffer significant and uninsured damage and loss. We currently maintain general liability, property, auto, workers’ compensation, products liability, directors’ and officers’, and employment practices insurance policies. We do not know, however, if we will be able to maintain existing insurance with adequate levels of coverage. For example, the premiums for our directors’ and officers’ insurance policy have increased significantly, and this type of insurance may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. Any significant uninsured liability may require us to pay substantial amounts, which would adversely affect our cash position and results of operations.

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Our indebtedness and debt service obligations may adversely affect our cash flow, cash position and stock price.

In March 2000, we sold $196.3 million aggregate principal amount of 4.75% convertible subordinated notes due in March 2007. Our annual debt service obligation on these notes is approximately $9.3 million per year in interest payments. In June 2003, we sold $100.0 million aggregate amount of 2.0% senior subordinated convertible debentures due in May 2023. The holders of the debentures may require us to purchase all or a portion of their debentures on May 16, 2010, May 16, 2013 and May 16, 2018, in each case at a price equal to the principal amount of the debentures to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the purchase date. Our annual debt service obligation on these debentures is approximately $2.0 million per year in interest payments. As of March 31, 2004, we have approximately $296.3 million in long-term debt. We may add additional lease lines to finance capital expenditures and/or may obtain additional long-term debt and lines of credit. If we issue other debt securities in the future, our debt service obligations will increase further.

We intend to fulfill our debt service obligations from our existing cash and investments. In the future, if we are unable to generate cash or raise additional cash through financings sufficient to meet these obligations and need to use existing cash or liquidate investments in order to fund these obligations, we may have to delay or curtail research, development and commercialization programs.

If either or both of the notes and the debentures are not converted into shares of our common stock before their respective maturity dates, we will have to pay the holders of such notes or debentures the full aggregate principal amount of the notes or debentures then outstanding. Any such payment would have a material adverse effect on our cash position. Alternatively, from time to time we might need to modify the terms of the notes and/or the debentures prior to their maturity in ways that could be dilutive to our stockholders, assuming we can negotiate such modified terms.

Our indebtedness could have significant additional negative consequences, including, without limitation:

The market price of our stock may continue to be highly volatile, and the value of an investment in our common stock may decline.

Within the last 24 months, our common stock has traded between $12.20 and $41.50 per share. The market price of the shares of our common stock has been and may continue to be highly volatile. Announcements and other events may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock. For example, recent announcements and events related to the FDA’s review of Ranexa have caused significant volatility in the market price of our common stock.

Other announcements and events that can impact the market price of the shares of our common stock include, without limitation:

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In addition, if we fail to reach an important research, development or commercialization milestone or result by a publicly expected deadline, even if by only a small margin, there could be a significant impact on the market price of our common stock. For example, in January 2001, we announced that additional patients would need to be enrolled in one of our pivotal human clinical trials of Ranexa to meet a protocol requirement, thereby delaying completion of enrollment of the trial by a number of months. The price of our common stock decreased significantly after this announcement.

The stock market has from time to time experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations, which have particularly affected the market prices for emerging biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies, and which have often been unrelated to their operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could lower the market price of our common stock.

If shares of common stock are sold in our equity line of credit arrangement or if equity securities or convertible debt securities are sold under our existing universal shelf registration statement, existing common stockholders will experience immediate dilution and, as a result, our stock price may go down.

We have entered into a common stock purchase agreement with Acqua Wellington, pursuant to which we may sell to Acqua Wellington up to $100.0 million of our common stock, or the number of shares which is one less than twenty percent (20%) of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock as of July 3, 2003, whichever occurs first, at a discount of 3.8% to 5.8%, to be determined based on our market capitalization at the start of the draw-down period, unless we agree with Acqua Wellington to a different discount. Upon each sale of our common stock to Acqua Wellington under the purchase agreement, we have also agreed to pay Alder Creek Capital, L.L.C., Member NASD/SIPC, a placement fee equal to one fifth of one percent of the aggregate dollar amount of common stock purchased by Acqua Wellington. As a result, our existing common stockholders will experience immediate dilution upon the purchase of any shares of our common stock by Acqua Wellington. The purchase agreement with Acqua Wellington provides that, at our request, Acqua Wellington will purchase a certain dollar amount of shares, with the exact number of shares to be determined based on the per share market price of our common stock over the draw-down period for such purchase. As a result, if the per share market price of our common stock declines over the draw-down period, Acqua Wellington will receive a greater number of shares for its purchase price, thereby resulting in further dilution to our stockholders and potential downward pressure of the price of our stock.

In addition, we have filed a universal shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to which we may sell up to $300.0 million of our securities, of which approximately $275.0 million remains available for issuance. If we issue equity securities in the future under the universal shelf, our existing common stockholders will experience immediate dilution, and if we issue convertible debt securities in the future under the universal shelf our existing common stockholders may experience further dilution.

Provisions of Delaware law and in our charter, by-laws and our rights plan may prevent or frustrate any attempt by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and may make the acquisition of our company by another company more difficult.

In February 1999, our board of directors adopted a stockholder rights plan, which was amended in July 2000 to lower the triggering ownership percentage and increase the exercise price. In addition, in February 1999, our board of directors authorized executive severance benefit agreements for certain executives in the event of a change of control. We entered into such severance agreements with these executives. Subsequently, in November 2002 the board approved additional as well as amended executive severance agreements and a severance plan. Our rights plan and these severance arrangements may delay or prevent a change in our current management team and may render more difficult an unsolicited merger or tender offer.

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The following provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and our by-laws, may have the effects of delaying or preventing a change in our current management and making the acquisition of CV Therapeutics by a third party more difficult:

In addition, our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock without stockholders’ approval, which also could make it more difficult for stockholders to replace or remove our current management and for another company to acquire us. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law, which could delay a merger, tender offer or proxy contest or make a similar transaction more difficult. In general, the statute prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

If our outstanding convertible debt is converted into shares of our common stock, existing common stockholders will experience immediate dilution and, as a result, our stock price may go down.

The 4.75% convertible subordinated notes that we issued in March 2000 and the 2.0% senior subordinated convertible debentures that we issued in June 2003 are convertible, at the option of the holders, into shares of our common stock at initial conversion rates of 15.6642 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes and 21.0172 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of debentures, respectively, each subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. If all the notes were converted at their initial conversion rate, we would be required to issue approximately 3,074,100 shares of our common stock. If all the debentures were converted at their initial conversion rate, we would be required to issue approximately 2,101,720 shares of our common stock. We have reserved shares of our authorized common stock for issuance upon conversion of the notes and the debentures. If any of the notes or the debentures are converted into shares of our common stock, our existing stockholders will experience immediate dilution and our common stock price may be subject to significant downward pressure.

Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio and our long-term debt. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. We place our investments with high quality issuers and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We are averse to principal loss and strive to ensure the safety and preservation of our invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment risk. We classify our cash equivalents and marketable securities as “fixed-rate” if the rate of return on such instruments remains fixed over their term. These “fixed-rate” investments include U.S. government securities, commercial paper, asset backed securities, corporate bonds, and foreign bonds. Fixed-rate securities may have their fair market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates and we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities that have declined in market value due to a change in interest rates. We classify our cash equivalents and marketable securities as “variable-rate” if the rate of return on such investments varies based on the change in a predetermined index or set of indices during their term. As of March 31, 2004, there have been no material changes in these market risks since December 31, 2003.

Our long-term debt includes $196,250,000 of 4.75% convertible subordinated notes due March 7, 2007 and $100,000,000 of 2.0% senior subordinated convertible debentures due May 16, 2023. Interest on the notes is fixed and payable semi-annually on March 7^th and September 7^th each year. Interest on the debentures is fixed and payable semi-annually on May 16 and November 16 each year. The notes and debentures are convertible into shares of our common stock at any time prior to maturity, unless previously redeemed or repurchased, subject to adjustment in certain events. The market value of our long-term-debt will fluctuate with movements of interest rates and with movements in the value of our common stock.

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We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Securities Exchange Act of 1934 reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and utilized, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating disclosure controls and procedures.

As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the quarter covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

There has been no change in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

We and certain of our officers and directors are named as defendants in a purported securities class action lawsuit filed in August 2003 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California captioned Crossen v. CV Therapeutics, Inc., et al. The lawsuit is brought on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of our securities, and seeks unspecified damages. As is typical in this type of litigation, several other purported securities class action lawsuits containing substantially similar allegations have since been filed against the defendants, and we expect that additional lawsuits containing substantially similar allegations may be filed in the future. In November 2003, the court appointed a lead plaintiff, and in December 2003, the court consolidated all of the securities class actions filed to date into a single action captioned In re CV Therapeutics, Inc. Securities Litigation. In January 2004, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint. We and the other named defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated complaint in March 2004. We expect a hearing on these motions to occur in June or July 2004.

In addition, our directors and certain of our officers have been named as defendants in a derivative lawsuit filed in August 2003 in California Superior Court, Santa Clara County, captioned Kangos v. Lange, et al., which names CV Therapeutics as a nominal defendant. The plaintiff in this action is one of our stockholders who seeks to bring derivative claims on behalf of the Company against the defendants. The lawsuit alleges breaches of fiduciary duty and related claims based on behalf of CV Therapeutics against the defendants. The lawsuit alleges breach of fiduciary duty and related claims based on purportedly misleading statements concerning our New Drug Application for Ranexa.

As with any litigation proceeding, we cannot predict with certainty the eventual outcome of pending litigation. Furthermore, we may have to incur substantial expenses in connection with these lawsuits. In the event of an adverse outcome, our business could be harmed.

Effective as of April 1, 2004, our board of directors approved and adopted an amended and restated Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan under which (a) if an optionee’s service as a non-employee director terminates for any reason, the option shall terminate on the earlier of the expiration date of the option or the date six (6) months following the date of such termination of service as a non-employee director (except in the case of a termination of service due to optionee’s death), and (b) in all circumstances an option may be exercised following termination of the optionee’s service as a non-employee director only as to that number of shares as to which it was exercisable on the date of termination of such service as a non-employee director and, where an optionee provides continuous service as an employee of or consultant to us or any affiliate following termination of service as a non-employee director, shall be exercisable as to that number of shares as to which it becomes exercisable in light of continued vesting as allowed under the plan in light of such continuous service as an employee director; provided, however, that in any and all cases all options shall terminate on the earlier of the expiration date of the option or the date six (6) months following the date of termination of service as a non-employee director.

Also on April 1, 2004, subject to and upon approval of the Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan by our stockholders at our 2004 annual meeting of stockholders, our board of directors (a) terminated our 2000 Nonstatutory Incentive Plan as to any future grants thereunder, and (b) adopted an amended and restated 2000 Equity Incentive Plan (i) to allow the granting of rights to acquire restricted stock units and/or restricted stock under the amended and restated 2000 Equity Incentive Plan, and (ii) to increase the number of shares of our common stock authorized and reserved for issuance under the amended and restated Equity Incentive Plan such that, after giving effect to such increase, the aggregate number of shares of our common stock authorized and reserved to be issued under the amended and restated 2000 Equity Incentive Plan shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum of (x) two million four hundred fifty thousand (2,450,000) shares of our common stock, (which is the number of shares currently reserved for issuance under the 2000 Equity Incentive Plan), (y) that number of shares of our common stock remaining available for issuance as of March 29, 2004 under the 2000 Nonstatutory Incentive Plan (not to exceed 404,685 shares of our common stock), and (z) that number of shares of our common stock that after March 29, 2004 again become available for issuance under the 2000 Nonstatutory Incentive Plan as a result of stock awards granted thereunder expiring or terminating without having been exercised in full.

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During the quarter covered by this report, CV Therapeutics filed the following current reports on Form 8-K with the Commission:

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf, by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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