Back to GetFilings.com
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
[X] Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2003 or
[ ] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from to__________________
Commission File Number 0-50064
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 01-0710311
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
Demeter Management Corporation
825 Third Avenue, 9th Floor
New York, NY 10022
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (212) 310-6444
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed
since last report)
Indicate by check-mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file
such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No___________
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
September 30, 2003
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2003
(Unaudited) and December 31, 2002..........................2
Statement of Operations for the Quarter Ended
September 30, 2003 (Unaudited).............................3
Statement of Operations for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2003 (Unaudited).............................4
Statement of Changes in Partners' Capital for the
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 (Unaudited)...........5
Statement of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2003 (Unaudited).............................6
Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)...............7-12
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations.......13-19
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about
Market Risk.........................................20-32
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.............................32-33
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings......................................34
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds...........34-35
Item 5. Other Information......................................35
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K....................35-37
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
September 30, December 31,
2003 2002
$ $
(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Equity in futures interests trading accounts:
Cash 72,987,618 15,406,094
Net unrealized gain on open contracts (MS&Co.) 1,919,575 500,205
Net unrealized gain (loss) on open contracts (MSIL) 8,443 (3,518)
Total net unrealized gain on open contracts 1,928,018 496,687
Total Trading Equity 74,915,636 15,902,781
Subscriptions receivable 8,529,530 3,827,157
Interest receivable (Morgan Stanley DW) 54,315 13,716
Total Assets 83,499,481 19,743,654
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS' CAPITAL
Liabilities
Accrued brokerage fees (Morgan Stanley DW) 392,706 85,912
Redemptions payable 250,882 20,297
Accrued management fees 166,507 35,002
Total Liabilities 810,095 141,211
Partners' Capital
Limited Partners (7,929,937.531 and
2,023,938.819 Units, respectively) 81,780,079 19,384,720
General Partner (88,172.387 and
22,732.308 Units, respectively) 909,307 217,723
Total Partners' Capital 82,689,386 19,602,443
Total Liabilities and Partners' Capital 83,499,481 19,743,654
NET ASSET VALUE PER UNIT 10.31 9.58
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these financial statements.
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
For the Quarter
Ended September 30, 2003
$
REVENUES
Trading profit (loss):
Realized (3,642,373)
Net change in unrealized 2,229,226
Total Trading Results (1,413,147)
Interest income (Morgan Stanley DW) 146,111
Total (1,267,036)
EXPENSES
Brokerage fees (Morgan Stanley DW) 1,105,663
Management fees 462,841
Total 1,568,504
NET LOSS (2,835,540)
NET LOSS ALLOCATION
Limited Partners (2,804,446)
General Partner (31,094)
NET LOSS PER UNIT
Limited Partners (0.48)
General Partner (0.48)
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these financial statements.
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
For the Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2003
$
REVENUES
Trading profit:
Realized 2,271,578
Net change in unrealized 1,431,331
Total Trading Results 3,702,909
Interest income (Morgan Stanley DW) 336,106
Total 4,039,015
EXPENSES
Brokerage fees (Morgan Stanley DW) 2,396,856
Management fees 988,883
Incentive fees 623,449
Total 4,009,188
NET INCOME 29,827
NET INCOME ALLOCATION
Limited Partners 28,243
General Partner 1,584
NET INCOME PER UNIT
Limited Partners 0.73
General Partner 0.73
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these financial statements.
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS' CAPITAL
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003
(Unaudited)
Units of
Partnership Limited General
Interest Partners Partner Total
$ $ $
Partners' Capital,
December 31, 2002 2,046,671.127 19,384,720 217,723 19,602,443
Offering of Units 6,339,307.981 66,304,227 690,000 66,994,227
Net Income - 28,243 1,584 29,827
Redemptions (367,869.190) (3,937,111) - (3,937,111)
Partners' Capital,
September 30, 2003 8,018,109.918 81,780,079 909,307 82,689,386
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these financial statements.
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
For the Nine Months
Ended September 30, 2003
$
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income 29,827
Noncash item included in net income:
Net change in unrealized (1,431,331)
Increase in operating assets:
Interest receivable (Morgan Stanley DW) (40,599)
Increase in operating liabilities:
Accrued brokerage fees (Morgan Stanley DW) 306,794
Accrued management fees 131,505
Net cash used for operating activities (1,003,804)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Offering of Units 66,994,227
Increase in subscriptions receivable (4,702,373)
Increase in redemptions payable 230,585
Redemptions of Units (3,937,111)
Net cash provided by financing activities 58,585,328
Net increase in cash 57,581,524
Balance at beginning of period 15,406,094
Balance at end of period 72,987,618
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these financial statements
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2003
(Unaudited)
The unaudited financial statements contained herein include, in
the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair
presentation of the results of operations and financial condition
of Morgan Stanley Charter Campbell L.P. (the "Partnership"). The
financial statements and condensed notes herein should be read in
conjunction with the Partnership's December 31, 2002 Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
1. Organization
Morgan Stanley Charter Campbell L.P. is a Delaware limited
partnership organized to engage primarily in the speculative
trading of futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and
forward contracts on physical commodities and other commodity
interests, including, but not limited to, foreign currencies,
financial instruments, metals, and energy products. The
Partnership is one of the Morgan Stanley Charter series of funds,
comprised of the Partnership, Morgan Stanley Charter Graham L.P.,
Morgan Stanley Charter Millburn L.P., and Morgan Stanley Charter
MSFCM L.P.
The Partnership began trading on October 1, 2002.
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Partnership's general partner is Demeter Management
Corporation ("Demeter"). The non-clearing commodity broker is
Morgan Stanley DW Inc. ("Morgan Stanley DW"). The clearing
commodity brokers are Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated ("MS &
Co.") and Morgan Stanley & Co. International Limited ("MSIL").
Demeter, Morgan Stanley DW, MS & Co. and MSIL are wholly-owned
subsidiaries of Morgan Stanley. Campbell & Company, Inc. (the
"Trading Advisor") is the trading advisor to the Partnership.
2. Related Party Transactions
The Partnership's cash is on deposit with Morgan Stanley DW, MS &
Co. and MSIL in futures, forwards and options trading accounts to
meet margin requirements as needed. Morgan Stanley DW pays
interest on these funds based on a rate equal to that earned by
Morgan Stanley DW on its U.S. Treasury bill investments. The
Partnership pays brokerage fees to Morgan Stanley DW.
3. Financial Instruments
The Partnership trades futures contracts, options on futures
contracts, and forward contracts on physical commodities and other
commodity interests, including, but not limited to, foreign
currencies, financial instruments, metals, and energy products.
Futures and forwards represent contracts for delayed delivery of
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
an instrument at a specified date and price. Risk arises from
changes in the value of these contracts and the potential
inability of counterparties to perform under the terms of the
contracts. There are numerous factors which may significantly
influence the market value of these contracts, including interest
rate volatility.
The market value of contracts is based on closing prices quoted by
the exchange, bank or clearing firm through which the contracts
are traded.
The Partnership's contracts are accounted for on a trade-date
basis and marked to market on a daily basis. The Partnership
accounts for its derivative investments in accordance with the
provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities"
("SFAS No. 133"). SFAS No. 133 defines a derivative as a
financial instrument or other contract that has all three of the
following characteristics:
1) One or more underlying notional amounts or payment
provisions;
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2) Requires no initial net investment or a smaller initial net
investment than would be required relative to changes in
market factors;
3) Terms require or permit net settlement.
Generally, derivatives include futures, forward, swaps or options
contracts and other financial instruments with similar
characteristics such as caps, floors and collars.
The net unrealized gains (losses) on open contracts, reported as a
component of "Equity in futures interests trading accounts" on the
statements of financial condition, and their longest contract
maturities were as follows:
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
on Open Contracts Longest Maturities
Exchange- Off-Exchange- Exchange- Off-Exchange-
Date Traded Traded Total Traded Traded
$ $ $
Sep. 30, 2003 (1,934,422) 3,862,440 1,928,018 Jun. 2004 Dec. 2003
Dec. 31, 2002 253,129 243,558 496,687 Sep. 2003 Mar. 2003
The Partnership has credit risk associated with counterparty non-
performance. The credit risk associated with the instruments in
which the Partnership is involved is limited to the amounts
reflected in the Partnership's statements of financial condition.
The Partnership also has credit risk because Morgan Stanley DW,
MS & Co. and MSIL act as the futures commission merchants or the
counterparties with respect to most of the Partnership's assets.
Exchange-traded futures and futures-styled options contracts are
marked to market on a daily basis, with variations in value
settled on a daily basis. Morgan Stanley DW, MS & Co., and MSIL,
each as a futures commission merchant for the Partnership's
exchange-traded futures and futures-styled options contracts, are
required, pursuant to regulations of the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission ("CFTC"), to segregate from their own assets,
and for the sole benefit of their commodity customers, all funds
held by them with respect to exchange-traded futures and futures-
styled options contracts, including an amount equal to the net
unrealized gains (losses) on all open futures and futures-styled
options contracts, which funds, in the aggregate, totaled
$71,053,196 and $15,659,223 at September 30, 2003 and December
31, 2002, respectively. With respect to the Partnership's off-
exchange-traded forward currency contracts, there are no daily
exchange-required settlements of variations in value nor is there
any requirement that an amount equal to the net unrealized gains
(losses) on open forward contracts be segregated, however, MS &
Co. and Morgan Stanley DW will make daily settlements of losses
as needed. With respect to those off-exchange-traded forward
currency contracts, the Partnership is at risk to the ability of
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONCLUDED)
MS & Co., the sole counterparty on all such contracts, to
perform. The Partnership has a netting agreement with MS & Co.
This agreement, which seeks to reduce both the Partnership's and
MS & Co.'s exposure on off-exchange-traded forward currency
contracts, should materially decrease the Partnership's credit
risk in the event of MS & Co.'s bankruptcy or insolvency.
Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Liquidity. The Partnership deposits its assets with Morgan
Stanley DW as non-clearing broker and MS & Co. and MSIL as
clearing brokers in separate futures, forwards, and options
trading accounts established for the Trading Advisor, which assets
are used as margin to engage in trading. The assets are held in
either non-interest bearing bank accounts or in securities and
instruments permitted by the CFTC for investment of customer
segregated or secured funds. The Partnership's assets held by the
commodity brokers may be used as margin solely for the
Partnership's trading. Since the Partnership's sole purpose is to
trade in futures, forwards and options, it is expected that the
Partnership will continue to own such liquid assets for margin
purposes.
The Partnership's investment in futures, forwards, and options
may, from time to time, be illiquid. Most U.S. futures exchanges
limit fluctuations in prices during a single day by regulations
referred to as "daily price fluctuations limits" or "daily
limits". Trades may not be executed at prices beyond the daily
limit. If the price for a particular futures or options contract
has increased or decreased by an amount equal to the daily limit,
positions in that futures or options contract can neither be taken
nor liquidated unless traders are willing to effect trades at or
within the limit. Futures prices have occasionally moved the
daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no
trading. These market conditions could prevent the Partnership
from promptly liquidating its futures or options contracts and
result in restrictions on redemptions.
There is no limitation on daily price moves in trading forward
contracts on foreign currencies. The markets for some world
currencies have low trading volume and are illiquid, which may
prevent the Partnership from trading in potentially profitable
markets or prevent the Partnership from promptly liquidating
unfavorable positions in such markets, subjecting it to
substantial losses. Either of these market conditions could
result in restrictions on redemptions.
The Partnership has never had illiquidity affect a material
portion of its assets. Furthermore, there are no material
trends, demands, commitments, events or uncertainties known at the
present time that will result in, or that are reasonably likely to
result in, the Partnership's liquidity increasing or decreasing in
any material way.
Capital Resources. The Partnership does not have, nor expect to
have, any capital assets. Redemptions, exchanges and sales of
additional units of limited partnership interest ("Unit(s)") in
the future will affect the amount of funds available for
investment in futures, forwards, and options in subsequent
periods. It is not possible to estimate the amount, and
therefore the impact, of future redemptions of Units.
There are no known material trends, favorable or unfavorable, that
would affect, and no expected material changes to, the
Partnership's capital resource arrangements at the present time.
The Partnership does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements,
nor does it have contractual obligations or commercial commitments
to make future payments that would affect its liquidity or capital
resources. The contracts the Partnership trades are accounted
for on a trade-date basis and marked to market on a daily basis.
The value of futures contracts is the settlement price on the
exchange on which that futures contract is traded on a particular
day. The value of foreign currency forward contracts is based on
the spot rate as of the close of business, New York City time, on
a given day.
Results of Operations
General. The Partnership's results depend on the Trading Advisor
and the ability of the Trading Advisor's trading programs to take
advantage of price movements or other profit opportunities in the
futures, forwards and options markets. The following presents a
summary of the Partnership's operations for the three and nine
month periods ended September 30, 2003 and a general discussion of
its trading activities during each period. It is important to
note, however, that the Trading Advisor trades in various markets
at different times and that prior activity in a particular market
does not mean that such market will be actively traded by
the Trading Advisor or will be profitable in the future.
Consequently, the results of operations of the Partnership are
difficult to discuss other than in the context of the Trading
Advisor's trading activities on behalf of the Partnership and how
the Partnership has performed in the past.
The Partnership's results of operations set forth in the financial
statements on pages 2 through 12 of this report were prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, which require the use of certain
accounting policies that affect the amounts reported in these
financial statements, including the following: The contracts the
Partnership trades are accounted for on a trade-date basis and
marked to market on a daily basis. The difference between their
cost and market value is recorded on the Statements of Operations
as "Net change in unrealized profit/loss" for open (unrealized)
contracts, and recorded as "Realized profit/loss" when open
positions are closed out, and the sum of these amounts constitutes
the Partnership's trading revenues. Interest income revenue, as
well as management fees, incentive fees and brokerage fees
expenses of the Partnership are recorded on an accrual basis.
Demeter believes that, based on the nature of the operations of
the Partnership, no assumptions relating to the application of
critical accounting policies other than those presently used could
reasonably affect reported amounts.
For the Quarter and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003
For the quarter ended September 30, 2003, the Partnership recorded
total trading losses, net of interest income, of $1,267,036 and
posted a decrease in net asset value per Unit. The most
significant losses of approximately 3.6% in the global interest
rate markets stemmed from positions in European and U.S. interest
rate futures as prices declined in July amid rising interest rates
and then reversed higher during August amid renewed fears that a
global economic recovery was unsustainable and amid investor
demand for the security of fixed income investments. Additional
losses of approximately 2.3% in the energy markets were recorded
from futures positions in crude oil and its related products
during September as prices trailed lower throughout a majority of
the month and then unexpectedly reversed higher after OPEC
announced that it would move to reduce output by limiting
production in an effort to stem declining oil prices. A portion
of the Partnership's overall losses for the quarter was offset by
gains of approximately 2.0% in the global stock index markets from
long positions in Asian stock index futures during July and August
as prices jumped higher in response to increased investor demand
triggered by record low Japanese government bond yields, robust
Japanese economic data and strength in U.S. equity markets. In
the currency markets, gains of approximately 1.3% were provided
during September by long positions in the Japanese yen versus the
U.S. dollar as the yen's value was buoyed by Bank of Japan
comments regarding its passive currency intervention policy and
perceptions that the Japanese economic crisis was finally
at a turning point. Long positions in the British pound and
Australian dollar versus the U.S. dollar provided additional gains
also during September as the value of the U.S. dollar declined in
the wake of lower U.S. and European equity prices. Total
expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2003 were
$1,568,504, resulting in a net loss of $2,835,540. The net asset
value of a Unit decreased from $10.79 at June 30, 2003 to $10.31
at September 30, 2003.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2003, the Partnership
recorded total trading revenues, including interest income, of
$4,039,015 and posted an increase in net asset value per Unit.
The most significant gains of approximately 14.6% were recorded in
the currency markets from long positions in the euro as its value
strengthened versus the U.S. dollar during January amid renewed
fears of a military conflict with Iraq, increased tensions with
North Korea, and weak U.S. economic data. Additional gains were
provided by short positions in the British pound versus the U.S.
dollar as the value of the pound decreased during February due to
weak economic data out of the U.K. and an interest rate cut by the
Bank of England. Additional gains during February and April were
recorded from long positions in the Canadian and Australian dollar
versus the U.S. dollar as the value of these currencies increased
on the heels of higher commodity prices and significant interest
rate differentials between the respective countries and the U.S.
During September, profits were recorded from long positions in the
Japanese yen versus the U.S. dollar as the yen's value was
buoyed by the Bank of Japan's comments regarding its passive
currency intervention policy and perceptions that the Japanese
economic crisis was finally at a turning point. Long positions in
the British pound, Australian dollar, and euro versus the U.S.
dollar provided additional gains during September as the value of
the U.S. dollar declined in the wake of lower U.S. and European
equity prices. Additional gains of approximately 1.7% in the
energy markets were provided by long positions in natural gas
futures as prices rallied during January and February due to
prolonged frigid temperatures in the northeastern and midwestern
United States. In the global stock index markets, long positions
in Asian stock index futures recorded gains of approximately 1.4%
during July and August as prices jumped higher in response to
increased investor demand triggered by record low Japanese
government bond yields, robust Japanese economic data and gains in
U.S. equity markets. Long positions in U.S. stock index futures
also experienced gains during July as prices were buoyed by a rise
in investor sentiment. A portion of the Partnership's overall
gains for the first nine months of the year was offset by losses
of approximately 0.6% incurred by long gold futures positions
during February, March and June as prices declined in response to
the rise of the U.S. dollar. Total expenses for the nine months
ended September 30, 2003 were $4,009,188, resulting in net income
of $29,827. The net asset value of a Unit increased from $9.58 at
December 31, 2002 to $10.31 at September 30, 2003.
Item 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK
Introduction
The Partnership is a commodity pool engaged primarily in the
speculative trading of futures, forwards, and options. The
market-sensitive instruments held by the Partnership are acquired
for speculative trading purposes only and, as a result, all or
substantially all of the Partnership's assets are at risk of
trading loss. Unlike an operating company, the risk of market-
sensitive instruments is central, not incidental, to the
Partnership's main business activities.
The futures, forwards and options traded by the Partnership
involve varying degrees of related market risk. Market risk is
often dependent upon changes in the level or volatility of
interest rates, exchange rates, and prices of financial
instruments and commodities. Fluctuations in market risk based
upon these factors result in frequent changes in the fair value
of the Partnership's open positions, and consequently in its
earnings and cash flow.
The Partnership's total market risk is influenced by a wide
variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the
diversification among the Partnership's open positions, the
volatility present within the markets, and the liquidity of the
markets. At different times, each of these factors may act to
increase or decrease the market risk associated with the
Partnership.
The Partnership's past performance is not necessarily indicative
of its future results. Any attempt to numerically quantify the
Partnership's market risk is limited by the uncertainty of its
speculative trading. The Partnership's speculative trading may
cause future losses and volatility (i.e., "risk of ruin") that
far exceed the Partnership's experience to date or any reasonable
expectations based upon historical changes in market value.
Quantifying the Partnership's Trading Value at Risk
The following quantitative disclosures regarding the Partnership's
market risk exposures contain "forward-looking statements" within
the meaning of the safe harbor from civil liability provided for
such statements by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). All
quantitative disclosures in this section are deemed to be forward-
looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor, except for
statements of historical fact.
The Partnership accounts for open positions on the basis of mark
to market accounting principles. Any loss in the market value of
the Partnership's open positions is directly reflected in the
Partnership's earnings, whether realized or unrealized, and its
cash flow. Profits and losses on open positions of exchange-
traded futures, forwards and options are settled daily
through variation margin.
The Partnership's risk exposure in the market sectors traded by
the Trading Advisor is estimated below in terms of Value at Risk
("VaR"). The VaR model used by the Partnership includes many
variables that could change the market value of the Partnership's
trading portfolio. The Partnership estimates VaR using a model
based upon historical simulation with a confidence level of 99%.
Historical simulation involves constructing a distribution of
hypothetical daily changes in the value of a trading portfolio.
The VaR model takes into account linear exposures to price and
interest rate risk. Market risks that are incorporated in the
VaR model include equity and commodity prices, interest rates,
foreign exchange rates, and correlation among these variables.
The hypothetical changes in portfolio value are based on daily
percentage changes observed in key market indices or other market
factors ("market risk factors") to which the portfolio is
sensitive. The historical observation period of the
Partnership's VaR is approximately four years. The one-day 99%
confidence level of the Partnership's VaR corresponds to the
negative change in portfolio value that, based on observed market
risk factors, would have been exceeded once in 100 trading days.
In other words, one-day VaR for a portfolio is a number such that
losses for a portfolio are estimated to exceed the VaR only one
day in 100. VaR typically does not represent the worst case
outcome.
VaR is calculated using historical simulation. Demeter
uses approximately four years of daily market data (1,000
observations) and revalues its portfolio (using delta-gamma
approximations) for each of the historical market moves that
occurred over this time period. This generates a probability
distribution of daily "simulated profit and loss" outcomes. The
VaR is the appropriate percentile of this distribution. For
example, the 99% one-day VaR would represent the 10th worst
outcome from Demeter's simulated profit and loss series.
The Partnership's VaR computations are based on the risk
representation of the underlying benchmark for each instrument or
contract and do not distinguish between exchange and non-exchange
dealer-based instruments. They are also not based on exchange
and/or dealer-based maintenance margin requirements.
VaR models, including the Partnership's, are continually evolving
as trading portfolios become more diverse and modeling techniques
and systems capabilities improve. Please note that the VaR model
is used to numerically quantify market risk for historic
reporting purposes only and is not utilized by either Demeter or
the Trading Advisor in their daily risk management activities.
Please further note that VaR as described above may not be
comparable to similarly titled measures used by other entities.
The Partnership's Value at Risk in Different Market Sectors
The following table indicates the VaR associated with the
Partnership's open positions as a percentage of total net assets
by primary market risk category at September 30, 2003. At
September 30, 2003, the Partnership's total capitalization was
approximately $83 million.
Primary Market September 30, 2003
Risk Category Value at Risk
Currency (1.61)%
Equity (1.12)
Interest Rate (0.22)
Commodity (0.73)
Aggregate Value at Risk (2.10)%
The VaR for a market category represents the one-day downside risk
for the aggregate exposures associated with this market category.
The Aggregate Value at Risk listed above represents the VaR of the
Partnership's open positions across all the market categories, and
is less than the sum of the VaRs for all such market categories
due to the diversification benefit across asset classes.
The table above represents the VaR of the Partnership's open
positions at September 30, 2003 only and is not necessarily
representative of either the historic or future risk of an
investment in the Partnership. Because the only business of the
Partnership is the speculative trading of futures, forwards and
options, the composition of its trading portfolio can change
significantly over any given time period, or even within a
single trading day. Any changes in open positions could
positively or negatively materially impact market risk as
measured by VaR.
The table below supplements the quarter-end VaR set forth above
by presenting the Partnership's high, low and average VaR, as a
percentage of total net assets for the four quarter-end reporting
periods from October 1, 2002 through September 30, 2003.
Primary Market Risk Category High Low Average
Currency (1.61)% (0.66)% (1.20)%
Equity (1.12) (0.22) (0.59)
Interest Rate (1.26) (0.22) (0.62)
Commodity (1.07) (0.05) (0.52)
Aggregate Value at Risk (2.10)% (0.75)% (1.64)%
Limitations on Value at Risk as an Assessment of Market Risk
The face value of the market sector instruments held by the
Partnership is typically many times the applicable margin
requirements. Margin requirements generally range between 2% and
15% of contract face value. Additionally, the use of leverage
causes the face value of the market sector instruments held by the
Partnership to typically be many times the total capitalization of
the Partnership. The value of the Partnership's open positions
thus creates a "risk of ruin" not typically found in other
investments. The relative size of the positions held may cause
the Partnership to incur losses greatly in excess of VaR
within a short period of time, given the effects of the leverage
employed and market volatility. The VaR tables above, as well as
the past performance of the Partnership, give no indication of
such "risk of ruin". In addition, VaR risk measures should be
viewed in light of the methodology's limitations, which include
the following:
? past changes in market risk factors will not always result in
accurate predictions of the distributions and correlations of
future market movements;
? changes in portfolio value caused by market movements may
differ from those of the VaR model;
? VaR results reflect past trading positions while future risk
depends on future positions;
? VaR using a one-day time horizon does not fully capture the
market risk of positions that cannot be liquidated or hedged
within one day; and
? the historical market risk factor data used for VaR estimation
may provide only limited insight into losses that could be
incurred under certain unusual market movements.
The VaR tables above present the results of the Partnership's VaR
for each of the Partnership's market risk exposures and on an
aggregate basis at September 30, 2003 and for the end of the four
quarter-end reporting periods from October 1, 2002 through
September 30, 2003. Since VaR is based on historical data, VaR
should not be viewed as predictive of the Partnership's
future financial performance or its ability to manage or monitor
risk. There can be no assurance that the Partnership's actual
losses on a particular day will not exceed the VaR amounts
indicated above or that such losses will not occur more than once
in 100 trading days.
Non-Trading Risk
The Partnership has non-trading market risk on its foreign cash
balances not needed for margin. These balances and any market
risk they may represent are immaterial.
The Partnership also maintains a substantial portion
(approximately 79% as of September 30, 2003) of its available
assets in cash at Morgan Stanley DW. A decline in short-term
interest rates will result in a decline in the Partnership's cash
management income. This cash flow risk is not considered to be
material.
Materiality, as used throughout this section, is based on an
assessment of reasonably possible market movements and any
associated potential losses, taking into account the leverage,
optionality and multiplier features of the Partnership's market-
sensitive instruments, in relation to the Partnership's net
assets.
Qualitative Disclosures Regarding Primary Trading Risk Exposures
The following qualitative disclosures regarding the
Partnership's market risk exposures - except for (A) those
disclosures that are statements of historical fact and (B) the
descriptions of how the Partnership manages its primary market
risk exposures - constitute
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of
the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act.
The Partnership's primary market risk exposures, as well as the
strategies used and to be used by Demeter and the Trading Advisor
for managing such exposures, are subject to numerous
uncertainties, contingencies and risks, any one of which could
cause the actual results of the Partnership's risk controls to
differ materially from the objectives of such strategies.
Government interventions, defaults and expropriations, illiquid
markets, the emergence of dominant fundamental factors, political
upheavals, changes in historical price relationships, an influx of
new market participants, increased regulation and many other
factors could result in material losses, as well as in material
changes to the risk exposures and the risk management strategies
of the Partnership. Investors must be prepared to lose all or
substantially all of their investment in the Partnership.
The following were the primary trading risk exposures of the
Partnership at September 30, 2003, by market sector. It may be
anticipated, however, that these market exposures will vary
materially over time.
Currency. The primary market exposure of the Partnership
at September 30, 2003 was to the currency sector. The
Partnership's currency exposure is to exchange rate fluctuations,
primarily fluctuations which disrupt the historical pricing
relationships between different currencies and currency pairs.
Interest rate changes as well as political and general economic
conditions influence these fluctuations. At September 30, 2003,
the Partnership's major exposure was to outright U.S. dollar
positions. Outright positions consist of the U.S. dollar vs.
other currencies. These other currencies include major and minor
currencies. Demeter does not anticipate that the risk profile of
the Partnership's currency sector will change significantly in
the future. The currency trading VaR figure includes foreign
margin amounts converted into U.S. dollars with an incremental
adjustment to reflect the exchange rate risk inherent to the
U.S.-based Partnership in expressing VaR in a functional currency
other than U.S. dollars.
Equity. The second largest market exposure of the Partnership at
September 30, 2003 was to the global stock index sector,
primarily to equity price risk in the G-7 countries. The G-7
countries consist of France, the U.S., Britain, Germany, Japan,
Italy and Canada. The stock index futures traded by the
Partnership are by law limited to futures on broadly-based
indices. At September 30, 2003, the Partnership's major
exposures were to the S&P 500 (U.S.), DAX (Germany) and NASDAQ
(U.S.) stock indices. The Partnership is exposed to the risk of
adverse price trends or static markets in the U.S.,
European and Japanese stock indices. Static markets would not
cause major market changes, but would make it difficult for the
Partnership to avoid trendless price movements resulting in
numerous small losses.
Interest Rate. The third largest market exposure of the
Partnership at September 30, 2003 was to the global interest rate
market. Exposure was primarily spread across the U.S. and
European sectors. Interest rate movements directly affect the
price of the sovereign bond futures positions held by the
Partnership and indirectly affect the value of its stock index
and currency positions. Interest rate movements in one country,
as well as relative interest rate movements between countries,
materially impact the Partnership's profitability. The
Partnership's interest rate exposure is generally to interest
rate fluctuations in the U.S. and the other G-7 countries.
Demeter anticipates that the G-7 countries interest rates will
remain the primary interest rate exposure of the Partnership for
the foreseeable future. The speculative futures positions held
by the Partnership may range from short to long-term instruments.
Consequently, changes in short, medium, or long-term interest
rates may have an effect on the Partnership.
Commodity.
Energy. At September 30, 2003, the Partnership's energy
exposure was primarily to futures contracts in crude oil and
its related products, and natural gas. Price
movements in these markets result from geopolitical
developments, particularly in the Middle East, weather
patterns and other economic fundamentals. Significant
profits and losses, which have been experienced in the past,
are expected to continue to be experienced in the future.
Natural gas has exhibited volatility in prices resulting
from weather patterns and supply and demand factors, and
will likely continue in this choppy pattern.
Metals. The Partnership's metals exposure at September 30,
2003 was to fluctuations in the price of base metals, such
as nickel and zinc. Economic forces, supply and demand
inequalities, geopolitical factors and market expectations
influence price movements in these markets. The Trading
Advisor, from time to time, takes positions when market
opportunities develop and Demeter anticipates that the
Partnership will continue to do so.
Qualitative Disclosures Regarding Non-Trading Risk Exposure
The following was the only non-trading risk exposure of the
Partnership at September 30, 2003:
Foreign Currency Balances. The Partnership's primary foreign
currency balances at September 30, 2003 were in euros,
British pounds, and Hong Kong dollars. The Partnership
controls the non-trading risk of foreign currency balances
by regularly converting them back into U.S. dollars
upon liquidation of their respective positions.
Qualitative Disclosures Regarding Means of Managing Risk Exposure
The Partnership and the Trading Advisor, separately, attempt to
manage the risk of the Partnership's open positions in essentially
the same manner in all market categories traded. Demeter attempts
to manage market exposure by diversifying the Partnership's assets
among different market sectors and trading approaches, and
monitoring the performance of the Trading Advisor daily. In
addition, the Trading Advisor establishes diversification
guidelines, often set in terms of the maximum margin to be
committed to positions in any one market sector or market-
sensitive instrument.
Demeter monitors and controls the risk of the Partnership's non-
trading instrument, cash. Cash is the only Partnership
investment directed by Demeter, rather than the Trading Advisor.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly
report, the President and Chief Financial Officer of
the general partner, Demeter, have evaluated the
effectiveness of the Partnership's disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-
15(e) of the Exchange Act), and have judged such
controls and procedures to be effective.
(b) There have been no significant changes in the
Partnership's internal controls or in other factors
that could significantly affect these controls
subsequent to the date of their evaluation.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
Item 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The Partnership initially registered 3,000,000 Units pursuant to a
Registration Statement on Form S-1, which became effective on July
29, 2002 (SEC File Number 333-85078). The offering originally
commenced on July 29, 2002 with 822,786.300 Units sold through
September 30, 2002.
The Partnership registered an additional 18,000,000 Units pursuant
to another Registration Statement on Form S-1, which became
effective on February 26, 2003 (SEC File Number 333-103171).
Units are continuously sold at monthly closings at a purchase
price equal to 100% of the net asset value per Unit as of the
close of business on the last day of each month.
The managing underwriter for the Partnership is Morgan Stanley DW.
Through September 30, 2003, 8,299,925.365 Units were sold, leaving
12,700,074.635 Units unsold. The aggregate price of the Units
sold through September 30, 2003 was $85,882,403.
Since no expenses are chargeable against the proceeds, 100%
of the proceeds of the offering have been applied to the working
capital of the Partnership for use in accordance with the "Use of
Proceeds" section of the prospectus included as part of the above
referenced Registration Statements.
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Management. The following individuals were named to the Board of
Directors of Demeter in the quarter ended March 31, 2003 and were
subsequently confirmed as principals of Demeter by the National
Futures Association:
Mr. Douglas J. Ketterer was confirmed as a principal of Demeter
by the National Futures Association on October 27, 2003.
Mr. Jeffrey S. Swartz was confirmed as a principal of Demeter by
the National Futures Association on October 23, 2003.
Item 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(A) Exhibits
3.01 Form of Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement,
by and among Demeter Management Corporation and the Limited
Partners, dated March 26, 2002, is incorporated by reference
to Exhibit A of the Partnership's Prospectus, dated February
26, 2003, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, on March 18, 2003.
3.02 Certificate of Limited Partnership of the Partnership,
dated as of March 26, 2002, is incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 3.02 of the Partnership's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-85078) filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28,
2002.
10.01 Management Agreement, among the Partnership, Demeter
Management Corporation and Campbell & Company, Inc.,
dated September 30, 2002, is incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.01 of the Partnership Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 333-103171) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2003.
10.02 Form of Subscription and Exchange Agreement and Power of
Attorney to be executed by purchasers of Units is
incorporated by reference to Exhibit B of the
Partnership's Prospectus, dated February 26, 2003, filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to
Rule 424(b)(3) under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, on March 18, 2003.
10.03 Form of Subscription Agreement Update Form to be executed
by purchasers of Units is incorporated by reference to
Exhibit C of the Partnership's Prospectus, dated February
26, 2003, filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on March 18, 2003.
10.04 Amended and Restated Escrow Agreement among the
Partnership, Morgan Stanley Charter Graham L.P., Morgan
Stanley Charter Millburn L.P., Morgan Stanley Charter
Welton L.P., Morgan Stanley Charter MSFCM L.P., Morgan
Stanley DW Inc., and JP Morgan Chase Bank, as escrow
agent, dated August 31, 2002, is incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.04 of the Partnership's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-103171)
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
February 13, 2003.
10.05 Customer Agreement between the Partnership and Morgan
Stanley DW Inc., dated September 30, 2002, is
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.05 of the
Partnership's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-103171) filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on February 13, 2003.
10.06 Customer Agreement, among the Partnership, Morgan Stanley
& Co. Incorporated, and Morgan Stanley DW Inc., dated
September 30, 2002, is incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.06 of the Partnership's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 333-103171) filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2003.
10.07 Customer Agreement, between the Partnership and Morgan
Stanley & Co. International Limited, dated September 30,
2002, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.07 of
the Partnership's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-103171) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on February 13, 2003.
10.08 Foreign Exchange and Options Master Agreement, between
the Partnership and Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated,
dated August 31, 2002, is incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.08 of the Partnership's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q (File No. 0-50064) filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2003.
10.09 Securities Account Control Agreement, among the
Partnership, Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated and Morgan
Stanley DW Inc., dated September 30, 2002, is
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.09 of the
Partnership's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-103171) filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on February 13, 2003.
31.01 Certification of President of Demeter Management
Corporation, the general partner of the Partnership,
pursuant to rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as adopted
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
31.02 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Demeter
Management Corporation, the general partner of the
Partnership, pursuant to rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e),
as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
32.01 Certification of President of Demeter Management
Corporation, the general partner of the Partnership,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.02 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Demeter
Management Corporation, the general partner of the
Partnership, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002.
(B) Reports on Form 8-K. - None.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Morgan Stanley Charter Campbell L.P.
(Registrant)
By: Demeter Management Corporation
(General Partner)
November 14, 2003 By:/s/ Jeffrey D. Hahn
Jeffrey D. Hahn
Chief Financial Officer
The General Partner which signed the above is the only party
authorized to act for the Registrant. The Registrant has no
principal executive officer, principal financial officer,
controller, or principal accounting officer and has no Board of
Directors.
EXHIBIT 31.01
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Jeffrey A. Rothman, President of Demeter Management Corporation
("Demeter"), the general partner of the registrant, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of the
registrant;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light
of the circumstances under which such statements were made,
not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other
financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of
operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for,
the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are
responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or
caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;
b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure
controls and procedures and presented in this report our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures, as of the end of the period
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's
internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's
internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have
disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's
auditors and the audit committee of Demeter's board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in
the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect
the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves
management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant's internal control over financial
reporting.
Date: November 14, 2003 /s/Jeffrey A. Rothman
Jeffrey A. Rothman
President,
Demeter Management Corporation,
general partner of the registrant
EXHIBIT 31.02
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Jeffrey D. Hahn, Chief Financial Officer of Demeter Management
Corporation ("Demeter"), the general partner of the registrant,
certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of the
registrant;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in
light of the circumstances under which such statements were
made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by
this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other
financial information included in this report, fairly
present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as
of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are
responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or
caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;
b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's
disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this
report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the
period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and
c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's
internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's
internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have
disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal
control over financial reporting, to the registrant's
auditors and the audit committee of Demeter's board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in
the design or operation of internal control over
financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrant's ability to record,
process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves
management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant's internal control over financial
reporting.
Date: November 14, 2003 /s/Jeffrey D. Hahn
Jeffrey D. Hahn
Chief Financial Officer,
Demeter Management Corporation,
general partner of the registrant
EXHIBIT 32.01
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Morgan Stanley Charter
Campbell L.P. (the "Partnership") on Form 10-Q for the period
ended September 30, 2003 as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Jeffrey A.
Rothman, President, Demeter Management Corporation, the general
partner of the Partnership, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section
13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents,
in all material respects, the financial condition and
results of operations of the Partnership.
By: /s/Jeffrey A. Rothman
Name: Jeffrey A. Rothman
Title: President
Date: November 14, 2003
EXHIBIT 32.02
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Morgan Stanley Charter
Campbell L.P. (the "Partnership") on Form 10-Q for the period
ended September 30, 2003 as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Jeffrey D. Hahn,
Chief Financial Officer, Demeter Management Corporation, the
general partner of the Partnership, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section
13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents,
in all material respects, the financial condition and
results of operations of the Partnership.
By: /s/Jeffrey D. Hahn
Name: Jeffrey D. Hahn
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 14, 2003
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
MORGAN STANLEY CHARTER CAMPBELL L.P.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONCLUDED)