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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
Form 10-K
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13
or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 Commission File No. 0-11576
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
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(Exact Name of Registrant Specified in Its Charter)
New York 13-3119827
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)
111 West 57th Street, New York, New York 10019
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (212) 582-0900
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $ .01 par value
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(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes |X| No |_|
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. |X|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as
defined in Rule 12b-2)
Yes |X| No |_|
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of
Registrant as of June 30, 2004 was $152,035,011 based on the last sale price as
quoted by the Nasdaq National Market on such date (only officers and directors
are considered affiliates for this calculation).
As of March 10, 2005 the registrant had 17,248,845 shares of common stock,
par value $.01 per share, outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I
Item 1. Business................................................ 1
Item 2. Properties..............................................28
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.......................................28
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.....28
PART II
Item 5. Market for Company's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters................................29
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.................................30
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations................31
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk...............................................42
Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements
and Supplementary Data.............................44
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure................78
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.................................78
Item 9B. Other Information.......................................79
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Company.........80
Item 11. Executive Compensation..................................80
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
and Management.....................................80
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions..........80
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services..................80
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statement,
Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K..................81
Signatures...........................................................83
Exhibit Index........................................................85
PART I
Item 1. Business
Harris & Harris Group, Inc. (the "Company," "us," "our," and "we"), is a
venture capital company specializing in tiny technology that operates as a
non-diversified business development company ("BDC") under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, which we refer to as the 1940 Act. For tax purposes, we
operate as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, which we refer to as the Code. Our investment
objective is to achieve long-term capital appreciation, rather than current
income, by making venture capital investments in early-stage companies. Our
approach is comprised of a patient examination of available early stage
opportunities, thorough due diligence and close involvement with management. As
a venture capital company, we invest in and provide managerial assistance to our
portfolio companies which, in our opinion, have significant potential for
growth. We are managed by our Board of Directors and officers and have no
investment advisor.
We make initial venture capital investments exclusively in "tiny
technology," which we define as microsystems, microelectromechanical systems
("MEMS") and nanotechnology. We consider a company to be a tiny technology
company if the company employs or intends to employ technology that we consider
to be at the microscale or smaller and if the employment of that technology is
material to its business plan. Our portfolio includes non-tiny technology
investments made prior to 2001, and we may make follow-on investments in either
tiny or non-tiny technology portfolio companies. By making these investments, we
seek to provide our shareholders with an increasingly specific focus on tiny
technology through a portfolio of venture capital investments that address a
variety of markets and products. This investment policy is not a fundamental
policy and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval, although we
intend to give shareholders at least 60 days prior notice of any change in our
policy.
Tiny technology is multidisciplinary and widely applicable, and it
incorporates technology that is significantly smaller than is currently in
general use. Microsystems are measured in micrometers, which are units of
measurement in millionths of a meter. Nanotechnology is measured in nanometers,
which are units of measurement in billionths of a meter. Because it is a new
field, tiny technology has significant scientific, engineering and
commercialization risks.
Our website is www.TinyTechVC.com. We make available free of charge
through our website: our annual report on Form 10-K; our quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q; our current reports on Form 8-K; and amendments to those reports as
soon as reasonably practicable after filing or furnishing such materials to the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
Neither our investments, nor an investment in us, is intended to
constitute a balanced investment program. We expect to be risk seeking rather
than risk averse in our investment approach. To such end, we reserve the fullest
possible freedom of action,
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subject to our certificate of incorporation, applicable law and regulations, and
policy statements contained herein. There is no assurance that our investment
objective will be achieved.
We expect to invest a substantial or major portion of our assets in
securities that we consider to be venture capital investments. These venture
capital investments usually do not pay interest or dividends and usually are
subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale that may adversely affect
the liquidity and marketability of such securities.
We expect to make speculative venture capital investments with limited
marketability and a greater risk of investment loss than less speculative
venture capital issues. Although we now restrict our initial venture capital
investments to tiny technology, such technology is enabling technology
applicable to a wide range of fields and businesses, and we do not seek to
invest in any particular industries or categories of investments. Our securities
investments may consist of private, public or governmental issuers of any type.
Subject to the diversification requirements pertaining to a RIC, we may commit
all of our assets to only a few investments.
Achievement of our investment objectives is basically dependent upon the
judgment of a team of five professional, full-time members of management, four
of whom are designated as Managing Directors, Charles E. Harris, Douglas W.
Jamison, Daniel V. Leff and Alexei A. Andreev, and a Vice President, Daniel B.
Wolfe. Two of our directors are also consultants to us, Kelly S. Kirkpatrick and
Lori D. Pressman. They collectively have expertise in venture capital investing,
intellectual property and nanotechnology. Charles E. Harris is our Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer and a "control" person as defined in the 1940 Act. There
can be no assurance that a suitable replacement could be found for Mr. Harris
upon his retirement or in the event of his death, resignation or inability to
act on our behalf.
Subject to continuing to meet the tests applicable to BDCs, there are no
limitations on the types of securities or other assets in which we may invest.
Investments may include the following:
o Equity, equity-related securities (including warrants) and debt with
equity features from either private or public issuers.
o Venture capital investments, whether in corporate, partnership or
other form, including development stage or start-up entities.
o Intellectual property or patents or research and development in
technology or product development that may lead to patents or other
marketable technology.
o Debt obligations of all types having varying terms with respect to
security or credit support, subordination, purchase price, interest
payments and maturity.
o Foreign securities.
o Miscellaneous investments.
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Investments and Strategies
The following is a summary description of the types of assets in which we
may invest, the investment strategies we may utilize and the attendant risks
associated with our investments and strategies.
Equity, Equity-Related Securities and Debt with Equity Features
We may invest in equity, equity-related securities and debt with equity
features. These securities include common stock, preferred stock, debt
instruments convertible into common or preferred stock, limited partnership
interests, other beneficial ownership interests and warrants, options or other
rights to acquire any of the foregoing.
We may make investments in companies with operating histories that are
unprofitable or marginally profitable, that have negative net worth or that are
involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. These investments would
involve businesses that management believes have turnaround potential through
the infusion of additional capital and management assistance. In addition, we
may make investments in connection with the acquisition or divestiture of
companies or divisions of companies. There is a significantly greater risk of
loss with these types of securities than is the case with traditional investment
securities.
We may also invest in publicly traded securities of whatever nature,
including relatively small, emerging growth companies that management believes
have long-term growth possibilities.
Warrants, options and convertible or exchangeable securities generally
give the investor the right to acquire specified equity securities of an issuer
at a specified price during a specified period or on a specified date. Warrants
and options fluctuate in value in relation to the value of the underlying
security and the remaining life of the warrant or option, while convertible or
exchangeable securities fluctuate in value both in relation to the intrinsic
value of the security without the conversion or exchange feature and in relation
to the value of the conversion or exchange feature, which is like a warrant or
option. When we invest in these securities, we incur the risk that the option
feature will expire worthless, thereby either eliminating or diminishing the
value of our investment.
Investments in equity securities of private companies involve securities
that are restricted as to sale and cannot be sold in the open market without
registration under the Securities Act of 1933 or pursuant to a specific
exemption from these registrations. Opportunities for sale are more limited than
in the case of marketable securities, although these investments may be
purchased at more advantageous prices and may offer attractive investment
opportunities. Even if one of our portfolio companies completes an initial
public offering, we are typically subject to a lock-up agreement, and the stock
price may decline substantially before we are free to sell. Even if we have
registration rights to make our investments more marketable, a considerable
amount of time may elapse between a decision to sell or register the securities
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for sale and the time when we are able to sell the securities. The prices
obtainable upon sale may be adversely affected by market conditions or negative
conditions affecting the issuer during the intervening time. We may elect to
hold formerly restricted securities after they have become freely marketable,
either because they remain relatively illiquid or because we believe that they
may appreciate in value, during which holding period they may decline in value
and be especially volatile as unseasoned securities. If we need funds for
investment or working capital purposes, we might sell marketable securities at
disadvantageous times or prices.
Venture Capital Investments
We define venture capital as the money and resources made available to
start-up firms and small businesses with exceptional growth potential. We expect
our venture capital investments to be largely in development stage or start-up
businesses. Substantially all of our long-term venture capital investments are
in thinly capitalized, unproven, small companies focused on risky technologies.
These businesses also tend to lack management depth, to have limited or no
history of operations and to have not attained profitability. Because of the
speculative nature of these investments, these securities have a significantly
greater risk of loss than traditional investment securities. Some of our venture
capital investments will be complete losses or unprofitable, and some will never
realize their potential.
We may own 100 percent of the securities of a start-up investment for a
period of time and may control the company for a substantial period. Start-up
companies are more vulnerable than better capitalized companies to adverse
business or economic developments. Start-up businesses generally have limited
product lines, service niches, markets and/or financial resources. Start-up
companies are not well-known to the investing public and are subject to
potential bankruptcy, general movements in markets and perceptions of potential
growth.
In connection with our venture capital investments, we may participate in
providing a variety of services to our portfolio companies, including the
following:
o recruiting management;
o formulating operating strategies;
o formulating intellectual property strategies;
o assisting in financial planning;
o providing management in the initial start-up stages; and
o establishing corporate goals.
We may assist in raising additional capital for these companies from other
potential investors and may subordinate our own investment to that of other
investors. We typically find it necessary or appropriate to provide additional
capital of our own. We may introduce these companies to potential joint venture
partners, suppliers and customers. In addition, we may assist in establishing
relationships with investment bankers and other professionals. We may also
assist with mergers and acquisitions. We do not derive income from these
companies for the performance of any of the above services.
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We may control, be represented on or have observer rights on the board of
directors of a portfolio company through one or more of our officers or
directors, who may also serve as officers of the portfolio company. We indemnify
our officers and directors for serving on the boards of directors or as officers
of portfolio companies, which exposes us to additional risks. Particularly
during the early stages of an investment, we may in effect be conducting the
operations of the portfolio company. As a venture capital backed company emerges
from the developmental stage with greater management depth and experience, we
expect that our role in the portfolio company's operations will diminish. Our
goal is to assist each company in establishing its own independent
capitalization, management and board of directors. We expect to be able to
reduce our involvement in those start-up companies that become successful, as
well as in those start-up companies that fail.
Intellectual Property
We believe there is a role for organizations that can assist in technology
transfer. Scientists and institutions that develop and patent intellectual
property perceive the need for and rewards of entrepreneurial commercialization
of their inventions.
Our form of investment may be:
o funding research and development in the development of a technology;
o obtaining licensing rights to intellectual property or patents;
o acquiring intellectual property or patents; or
o forming and funding companies or joint ventures to commercialize
further intellectual property.
Income from our investments in intellectual property or its development
may take the form of participation in licensing or royalty income, fee income,
or some other form of remuneration. Investment in developmental intellectual
property rights involves a high degree of risk that can result in the loss of
our entire investment as well as additional risks including uncertainties as to
the valuation of an investment and potential difficulty in liquidating an
investment. Further, investments in intellectual property generally require
investor patience, as investment return may be realized only after or over a
long period. At some point during the commercialization of a technology, our
investment may be transformed into ownership of securities of a development
stage or start-up company as discussed under "Venture Capital Investments"
above.
Debt Obligations
We may hold debt securities for income and as a reserve pending more
speculative investments. Debt obligations may include U.S. government and
government agency securities, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances,
receivables or other asset-based financing, notes, bonds, debentures, or other
debt obligations of any nature and repurchase agreements related to these
securities. These obligations may have varying terms with respect to security or
credit support, subordination, purchase price, interest payments and maturity
from private, public or governmental issuers of any type located anywhere in the
world. We may invest in debt obligations of companies with operating histories
5
that are unprofitable or marginally profitable, that have negative net worth or
are involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings, or that are start-up
or development stage entities. In addition, we may participate in the
acquisition or divestiture of companies or divisions of companies through
issuance or receipt of debt obligations.
It is likely that our investments in debt obligations will be of varying
quality, including non-rated, highly speculative debt investments with limited
marketability. Investments in lower-rated and non-rated securities, commonly
referred to as "junk bonds," are subject to special risks, including a greater
risk of loss of principal and non-payment of interest. Generally, lower-rated
securities offer a higher return potential than higher-rated securities but
involve greater volatility of price and greater risk of loss of income and
principal, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy of the issuers of
these securities. Lower-rated securities and comparable non-rated securities
will likely have large uncertainties or major risk exposure to adverse
conditions and are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's
capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the
obligation. The occurrence of adverse conditions and uncertainties to issuers of
lower-rated securities would likely reduce the value of lower-rated securities
held by us, with a commensurate effect on the value of our shares.
The markets in which lower-rated securities or comparable non-rated
securities are traded generally are more limited than those in which
higher-rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets for these
securities may restrict our ability to obtain accurate market quotations for the
purposes of valuing lower-rated or non-rated securities and calculating net
asset value or to sell securities at their fair value. Any economic downturn
could adversely affect the ability of issuers' lower-rated securities to repay
principal and pay interest thereon. The market values of lower-rated and
non-rated securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate
developments and changes in economic conditions than higher-rated securities. In
addition, lower-rated securities and comparable non-rated securities generally
present a higher degree of credit risk. Issuers of lower-rated securities and
comparable non-rated securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more
traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to
service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained
periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. The risk of loss owing to
default by these issuers is significantly greater because lower-rated securities
and comparable non-rated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are
subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. We may incur
additional expenses to the extent that we are required to seek recovery upon a
default in the payment of principal or interest on our portfolio holdings.
The market value of investments in debt securities that carry no equity
participation usually reflects yields generally available on securities of
similar quality and type at the time purchased. When interest rates decline, the
market value of a debt portfolio already invested at higher yields can be
expected to rise if the securities are protected against early call. Similarly,
when interest rates increase, the market value of a debt portfolio already
invested at lower yields can be expected to decline. Deterioration in credit
quality also generally causes a decline in market value of the security, while
an improvement in credit quality generally leads to increased value.
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Foreign Securities
We may make investments in securities of issuers whose principal
operations are conducted outside the United States, and whose earnings and
securities are stated in foreign currency. In order to maintain our status as a
business development company, our investments in the stocks of companies
organized outside the U.S. would be limited to 30 percent of our assets, because
we must invest at least 70 percent of our assets in "qualifying assets" and
foreign companies are not "qualifying assets." At this time, we do not
anticipate investing a significant portion of our assets in foreign companies.
Compared to otherwise comparable investments in securities of U.S.
issuers, currency exchange risk of securities of foreign issuers is a
significant variable. The value of these investments to us will vary with the
relation of the currency in which they are denominated to the U.S. dollar, as
well as with intrinsic elements of value such as credit risk, interest rates and
performance of the issuer. Investments in foreign securities also involve risks
relating to economic and political developments, including nationalization,
expropriation, currency exchange freezes and local recession. Securities of many
foreign issuers are less liquid and more volatile than those of comparable U.S.
issuers. Interest and dividend income and capital gains on our foreign
securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes that may not be
recoverable by us. We may seek to hedge all or part of the currency risk of our
investments in foreign securities through the use of futures, options and
forward currency purchases or sales.
Other Strategies
In pursuit of our investment strategy, we may employ one or more of the
following strategies in order to enhance investment results.
Borrowing and Margin Transactions
We may from time to time borrow money or obtain credit by any lawful means
from banks, lending institutions, other entities or individuals, in negotiated
transactions. We may issue, publicly or privately, bonds, debentures or notes,
in series or otherwise, with interest rates and other terms and provisions,
including conversion rights, on a secured or unsecured basis, for any purpose,
up to the maximum amounts and percentages permitted for business development
companies under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act currently prohibits us from borrowing
any money or issuing any other senior securities (other than preferred stock and
other than temporary borrowings of up to five percent of our assets), if in
giving effect to the borrowing or issuance, the value of our total assets would
be less than 200 percent of our total liabilities (other than liabilities not
constituting senior securities). We may pledge assets to secure any borrowings.
We currently have no leverage and have no current intention to issue preferred
stock.
A primary purpose of our borrowing power is for leverage, to increase our
ability to acquire investments both by acquiring larger positions and by
acquiring more positions. Borrowings for leverage accentuate any increase or
decrease in the market value of our investments and thus our net asset value.
Because any decline in the net asset value of our investments will be borne
first by holders of common stock, the effect of leverage in a declining market
would be a greater decrease in net asset value applicable to the common stock
7
than if we were not leveraged. Any decrease would likely be reflected in a
decline in the market price of our common stock. To the extent the income
derived from assets acquired with borrowed funds exceeds the interest and other
expenses associated with borrowing, our total income will be greater than if
borrowings were not used. Conversely, if the income from assets is not
sufficient to cover the borrowing costs, our total income will be less than if
borrowings were not used. If our current income is not sufficient to meet our
borrowing costs (repayment of principal and interest), we might have to
liquidate our investments when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Our
borrowings for the purpose of buying most liquid equity securities will be
subject to the margin rules, which require excess liquid collateral marked to
market daily. If we are unable to post sufficient collateral, we will be
required to sell securities to remain in compliance with the margin rules. These
sales might be at disadvantageous times or prices.
Repurchase of Shares
Our shareholders do not have the right to compel us to redeem our shares.
We may, however, purchase outstanding shares of our common stock from time to
time, subject to approval of our board of directors and compliance with
applicable corporate and securities laws. The board of directors may authorize
purchases from time to time when they are deemed to be in the best interests of
our shareholders, but could do so only after notification to shareholders. The
board of directors may or may not decide to undertake any purchases of our
common stock.
Our repurchases of our common shares would decrease our total assets and
would therefore likely have the effect of increasing our expense ratio. Subject
to our investment restrictions, we may borrow money to finance the repurchase of
our common stock in the open market pursuant to any tender offer. Interest on
any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions will reduce our net
assets. If, because of market fluctuations or other reasons, the value of our
assets falls below the required 1940 Act coverage requirements, we may have to
reduce our borrowed debt to the extent necessary to comply with the requirement.
To achieve a reduction, it is possible that we may be required to sell portfolio
securities at inopportune times when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Since
1998, we have repurchased a total of 1,828,740 shares of our common stock at a
total cost of $3,405,531, or $1.86 per share. Because we intend to continue
investing in tiny technology, our board of directors does not currently intend
to authorize the purchase of additional shares of our common stock.
Portfolio Company Turnover
Changes with respect to portfolio companies will be made as our management
considers necessary in seeking to achieve our investment objective. The rate of
portfolio turnover will not be treated as a limiting or relevant factor when
circumstances exist which are considered by management to make portfolio changes
advisable.
Although we expect that many of our investments will be relatively long
term in nature, we may make changes in our particular portfolio holdings
whenever it is considered that an investment no longer has substantial growth
8
potential or has reached its anticipated level of performance, or (especially
when cash is not otherwise available) that another investment appears to have a
relatively greater opportunity for capital appreciation. We may also make
general portfolio changes to increase our cash to position us in a defensive
posture. We may make portfolio changes without regard to the length of time we
have held an investment, or whether a sale results in profit or loss, or whether
a purchase results in the reacquisition of an investment which we may have only
recently sold.
The portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year as well as
during a year and may also be affected by cash requirements.
Investment Restrictions
When we were a registered investment company, pursuant to a requirement
under the 1940 Act, we provided that our investment objective and the following
investment restrictions were fundamental and could not be changed without the
approval of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities
(defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) more than 50 percent of the
outstanding shares or (b) 67 percent or more of the shares represented at a
meeting at which more than 50 percent of the outstanding shares are
represented). The provisions of the 1940 Act regarding fundamental investment
restrictions and objectives are not applicable to business development companies
and accordingly we believe that the following restrictions do not apply to us,
although we have as a matter of fact conducted our operations consistently with
them. Satisfaction of these restrictions was measured only at the time of a
transaction, with the result that later changes in percentage resulting from
changing market values, for example, would not be considered a deviation from
policy. Under these restrictions, prior to becoming a business development
company, we could not:
(1) invest more than 25 percent of the value of our total assets in any
one industry;
(2) issue senior securities other than:
(a) preferred stock not in excess of the excess of 50 percent of
our total assets over any senior securities described in
clause (b) below that are outstanding,
(b) senior securities other than preferred stock (including
borrowing money, including on margin if margin securities are
owned and through entering into reverse repurchase agreements,
and providing guaranties) not in excess of 33 1/3 percent of
our total assets, and
(c) borrowings of up to five percent of our total assets for
temporary purposes without regard to the amount of senior
securities outstanding under clauses (a) and (b) above;
provided, however, that our obligations under interest rate
swaps, when issued and forward commitment transactions and
similar transactions are not treated as senior securities if
covering assets are appropriately segregated; or pledge our
assets other than to secure the issuances or in connection
9
with hedging transactions, short sales, when-issued and
forward commitment transactions and similar investment
strategies.
For purposes of clauses (a), (b) and (c) above, "total assets" shall
be calculated after giving effect to the net proceeds of any
issuance and net of any liabilities and indebtedness that do not
constitute senior securities except for liabilities and indebtedness
as are excluded from treatment as senior securities by the proviso
to this item (2);
(3) make loans of money or property to any person, except through loans
and guaranties to entities, loans of portfolio securities, the
acquisition of fixed income obligations consistent with our
investment objective and policies or the acquisition of securities
subject to repurchase agreements;
(4) underwrite the securities of other issuers, except to the extent
that in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities or
the sale of our own securities we may be deemed to be an
underwriter;
(5) purchase or sell real estate or interests therein in excess of our
total assets;
(6) purchase or sell commodities or purchase or sell commodity contracts
except for hedging purposes or in connection with business
operations and except for precious metals and coins; or
(7) make any short sale of securities except in conformity with
applicable laws, rules and regulations and unless, in giving effect
to the sale, the market value of all securities sold short does not
exceed 25 percent, except short sales "against the box" which are
not subject to the limitation, of the value of our total assets and
our aggregate short sales of a particular class of securities does
not exceed 25 percent of the then-outstanding securities of that
class.
Competition
Numerous companies and individuals are engaged in the venture capital
business, and such business is intensely competitive. Although we have recently
been one of the more active venture capital firms in making tiny technology
investments, and our investment professionals have scientific and intellectual
property expertise that is relevant to investing in tiny technology, many of our
competitors have significantly greater financial and other resources and
managerial capabilities than we do and are therefore in certain respects in a
better position than we are to obtain access to attractive venture capital
investments, particularly as a lead investor in capital-intensive companies.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete against these
competitors for attractive investments, particularly as a lead investor in
capital-intensive companies.
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Regulation
The Small Business Investment Incentive Act of 1980 added the provisions
of the 1940 Act applicable to business development companies ("BDCs"). BDCs are
a special type of investment company. After a company files its election to be
treated as a BDC, it may not withdraw its election without first obtaining the
approval of holders of a majority of its outstanding voting securities. The
following is a brief description of the 1940 Act provisions applicable to BDCs,
qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the 1940 Act and the
rules issued thereunder by the SEC.
Generally, to be eligible to elect BDC status, a company must primarily
engage in the business of furnishing capital and making significant managerial
assistance available to companies that do not have ready access to capital
through conventional financial channels. Such portfolio companies are termed
"eligible portfolio companies." In general, in order to qualify as a BDC, a
company must (i) be a domestic company; (ii) have registered a class of its
securities pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; (iii)
operate for the purpose of investing in the securities of certain types of
portfolio companies, namely, early stage or emerging companies and businesses
suffering or just recovering from financial distress (see following paragraph);
(iv) make available significant managerial assistance to such portfolio
companies; and (v) file a proper notice of election with the SEC.
An eligible portfolio company generally is a domestic company that is not
an investment company and that (i) does not have a class of equity securities on
which "margin" credit can be extended or (ii) is controlled by a BDC (control
under the 1940 Act is presumed to exist where a BDC owns at least 25 percent of
the outstanding voting securities of the portfolio company).
We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940
Act.
As with other companies regulated by the 1940 Act, a BDC must adhere to
certain substantive regulatory requirements. A majority of the directors must be
persons who are not interested persons, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.
Additionally, we are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a
reputable fidelity insurance company to protect the BDC. Furthermore, as a BDC,
we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability
to us or our shareholders arising from willful malfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such
person's office.
The 1940 Act prohibits or restricts companies subject to the 1940 Act from
investing in certain types of companies, such as brokerage firms, insurance
companies, investment banking firms and investment companies. Moreover, the 1940
Act requires that at least 70 percent of the value of our assets consist of
qualifying assets. Qualifying assets include: (i) securities of companies that
were eligible portfolio companies at the time we acquired their securities; (ii)
securities of bankrupt or insolvent companies that were eligible portfolio
companies at the time of our initial investment in those companies; (iii)
securities received in exchange for or distributed in or with respect to any of
the foregoing; and (iv) cash items, government securities and high quality
short-term debt. The 1940 Act also places restrictions on the nature of the
transactions in which, and the persons from whom, securities can be purchased in
order for the securities to be considered qualifying assets.
11
We are permitted by the 1940 Act, under specified conditions, to issue
multiple classes of senior debt and a single class of preferred stock if our
asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least 200 percent after the
issuance of the debt or the preferred stock (i.e., such senior securities may
not be in excess of its net assets). Under specific conditions, we are also
permitted by the 1940 Act to issue warrants.
Except under certain conditions, we may sell our securities at a price
that is below the prevailing net asset value per share only after a majority of
our disinterested directors have determined that such sale would be in the best
interest of us and our stockholders and upon the approval by the holders of a
majority of our outstanding voting securities, including a majority of the
voting securities held by non-affiliated persons. If the offering of the
securities is underwritten, a majority of the disinterested directors must
determine in good faith that the price of the securities being sold is not less
than a price which closely approximates market value of the securities, less any
distribution discount or commission. As defined by the 1940 Act, the term
"majority of the Company's outstanding voting securities" means the vote of (i)
67 percent or more of our common stock present at the meeting, if the holders of
more than 50 percent of the outstanding common stock are present or represented
by proxy or (ii) more than 50 percent of our outstanding common stock, whichever
is less.
Certain transactions involving certain closely related persons of the
Company, including its directors, officers and employees, may require the prior
approval of the SEC. However, the 1940 Act ordinarily does not restrict
transactions between us and our portfolio companies.
Subchapter M Status
We elected to be treated as a Regulated Investment Company (a "RIC"),
taxable under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"), for
federal income tax purposes . In general, a RIC is not taxable on its income or
gains to the extent it distributes such income or gains to its shareholders. In
order to qualify as a RIC, we must, in general, (1) annually derive at least 90
percent of our gross income from dividends, interest and gains from the sale of
securities and similar sources (the "Income Source Rule"); (2) quarterly meet
certain investment asset diversification requirements; and (3) annually
distribute at least 90 percent of our investment company taxable income as a
dividend (the "Income Distribution Rule"). Any taxable investment company income
not distributed will be subject to corporate level tax. Any taxable investment
company income distributed generally will be taxable to shareholders as dividend
income.
In addition to the requirement that we must annually distribute at least
90 percent of our investment company taxable income, we may either distribute or
retain our realized net capital gains from investments, but any net capital
gains not distributed may be subject to corporate level tax. It is our current
intention not to distribute net capital gains. Any net capital gains distributed
generally will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains.
12
If necessary for liquidity purposes or to fund investment opportunities,
in lieu of actually distributing our realized net capital gains, we as a RIC may
retain such net capital gains and elect to be deemed to have made a distribution
of the gains, or part thereof, to our shareholders under the "designated
undistributed capital gain" rules of the Code. Such retention of net capital
gains is our current intention. In this case, the "deemed dividend" generally is
taxable to the shareholders as long-term capital gains, although we pay tax, at
the corporate rate, on the distribution, and the shareholders receive a tax
credit equal to their proportionate share of the tax paid.
To the extent that we declare a deemed dividend, each shareholder will
receive an IRS Form 2439 that will reflect each shareholder's receipt of the
deemed dividend income and a tax credit equal to each shareholder's
proportionate share of the tax paid by us. This tax credit, which is paid at the
corporate rate, is often credited at a higher rate than the actual tax due by a
shareholder on the deemed dividend income. The "residual" credit can be used by
the shareholder to offset other taxes due in that year or to generate a tax
refund to the shareholder. (See "Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements" contained in Item 8. "Consolidated Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data" and Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Recent Developments -
Subchapter M Status.")
The following simplified examples illustrate the tax treatment under
Subchapter M of the Code for us and our individual shareholders with regard to
three possible distribution alternatives, assuming a net capital gain of $1.00
per share, consisting entirely of sales of non-real property assets held for
more than 12 months.
Under Alternative A: 100 percent of net capital gain declared as a cash
dividend and distributed to shareholders:
1. No federal taxation at the Company level.
2. Taxable shareholders receive a $1.00 per share dividend and pay a
maximum federal tax of 15 percent* or $.15 per share, retaining $.85 per share.
3. Non-taxable shareholders that file a federal tax return receive a
$1.00 per share dividend and pay no federal tax, retaining $1.00 per share.
Under Alternative B: 100 percent of net capital gain retained by the
Company and designated as "undistributed capital gain" or deemed dividend:
1. The Company pays a corporate-level federal income tax of 35
percent on the undistributed gain or $.35 per share and retains 65 percent of
the gain or $.65 per share.
2. Taxable shareholders increase their cost basis in their stock by
$.65 per share. They pay a 15 percent* federal capital gains tax on 100 percent
of the undistributed gain of $1.00 per share or $.15 per share in tax.
Offsetting this tax, shareholders receive a tax credit equal to 35 percent of
the undistributed gain or $.35 per share.
3. Non-taxable shareholders that file a federal tax return receive a
tax refund equal to $0.35 per share.
*Assumes all capital gains qualify for long-term rates of 15 percent.
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Under Alternative C: 100 percent of net capital gain retained by the
Company, with no designated undistributed capital gain or deemed dividend:
1. The Company pays a corporate-level federal income tax of 35
percent on the retained gain or $.35 per share plus an excise tax of four
percent of $.98 per share, or about $.04 per share.
2. There is no tax consequence at the shareholder level.
Although we may retain income and gains subject to the limitations
described above (including paying corporate level tax on such amounts), we could
be subject to an additional four percent excise tax if we fail to distribute 98
percent of our aggregate annual taxable income.
As noted above, in order to qualify as a RIC, we quarterly must meet
certain investment asset diversification requirements. Because of the
specialized nature of our investment portfolio, we have been able to satisfy the
diversification requirements under Subchapter M of the Code only as a result of
receiving certifications from the SEC under the Code with respect to each
taxable year beginning after 1998 that we were "principally engaged in the
furnishing of capital to other corporations which are principally engaged in the
development or exploitation of inventions, technological improvements, new
processes, or products not previously generally available" for such year.
Although we received SEC certifications for 1999-2003, there can be no
assurance that we will receive such certification for 2004 or subsequent years
(to the extent we need additional certifications as a result of changes in our
portfolio). If we require, but fail to obtain, the SEC certification for a
taxable year, we will fail to qualify as a RIC for such year. We will also fail
to qualify as a RIC for a taxable year if we do not satisfy the Income Source
Rule or Income Distribution Rule for such year. In the event we do not qualify
as a RIC for any taxable year, we will be subject to federal tax with respect to
all of our taxable income, whether or not distributed. In addition, all our
distributions to shareholders in that situation generally will be taxable as
ordinary dividends.
Although we generally intend to qualify as a RIC for each taxable year,
under certain circumstances we may choose to take action with respect to one or
more taxable years to ensure that we would be taxed under Subchapter C of the
Code (rather than Subchapter M) for such year or years. We will choose to take
such action only if we determine that the result of the action will benefit us
and our shareholders.
Prior to 1999, we were taxable under Subchapter C of the Code (a "C
Corporation"). Under the Code, a C Corporation that elects to be treated as a
RIC for federal tax purposes is taxable on the effective date of the election to
the extent of any gain built into its assets ("C Corporation Assets") on such
date ("Built-In Gain"). However, a C Corporation may elect alternatively to be
taxable on such Built-In Gain as such gain is realized during the 10-year period
beginning on the effective date of its RIC election (the "Inclusion Period"). We
14
had Built-In Gains at the time of its qualification as a RIC and elected to be
taxed on any Built-In Gain realized during the Inclusion Period. Prior to 1999,
we carried forward ordinary and capital losses from our operations. After our
election of RIC status, those losses remained available to be carried forward to
subsequent taxable years. Recently issued Internal Revenue Service regulations
confirm that such losses may be used to offset realized Built-In Gains and, to
the extent so used, to eliminate C Corporation taxation of such gains. We have
previously used loss carryforwards to offset Built-In Gains. As of January 1,
2005, the Company had $501,640 of pre-1999 loss carryforwards remaining and
$4,663,457 of unrealized Built-In Gains.
Subsidiaries
Harris & Harris Enterprises, Inc. ("Enterprises"), is a 100 percent wholly
owned subsidiary of the Company and is consolidated in our financial statements.
Enterprises held the lease for our office space until it expired on July 31,
2003, which it sublet to us and an unaffiliated party; is a partner in Harris
Partners I, L.P., and is taxed as a C Corporation. Harris Partners I, L.P., is a
limited partnership and, until December 31, 2002, owned a 20 percent limited
partnership interest in PHZ Capital Partners L.P. Currently, Harris Partners I,
L.P., owns our interest in AlphaSimplex Group, LLC. The partners of Harris
Partners I, L.P. ,are Harris & Harris Enterprises, Inc. (sole general partner)
and Harris & Harris Group, Inc. (sole limited partner).
Employees
We currently employ directly eight full-time employees, including Alexei
A. Andreev, who joined the Company in March 2005.
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a number of significant risks
relating to our business and investment objective. You should carefully consider
the risks and uncertainties described below before you purchase any of our
common stock. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones we face.
Unknown additional risks and uncertainties, or ones that we currently consider
immaterial, may also impair our business. If any of these risks or uncertainties
materialize, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be
materially adversely affected. In this event, the trading price of our common
stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks related to the companies in our portfolio.
Investing in small, private companies involves a high degree of risk and is
highly speculative.
We have invested a substantial portion of our assets in venture capital
investments in privately held development stage or start-up companies. These
businesses tend to lack management depth, to have limited or no history of
operations and to have not attained profitability. Tiny technology companies are
especially risky, involving scientific, technological and commercialization
risks. Because of the speculative nature of these investments, these securities
have a significantly greater risk of loss than traditional investment
securities. Some of our venture capital investments will be complete losses or
unprofitable, and some will never realize their potential. We have been and will
15
continue to be risk seeking rather than risk averse in our approach to venture
capital and other investments. Neither our investments nor an investment in our
common stock is intended to constitute a balanced investment program. Losses on
our investments could have a significant adverse effect on the value of our
common stock.
Our portfolio companies working with tiny technology may be particularly
susceptible to intellectual property litigation.
Research and commercialization efforts in tiny technology are being
undertaken by a wide variety of government, academic and private corporate
entities. As additional commercially viable applications of tiny technology
begin to emerge, ownership of intellectual property on which these products are
based may be contested. Any litigation over the ownership of, or rights to, any
of our portfolio companies' technologies or products would have a material
adverse affect on those companies' values and may have a significant adverse
effect on the value of our common stock.
Our portfolio companies may not successfully develop their products.
The technology of our portfolio companies is new and unproven. Their
potential products require significant and lengthy product development efforts.
To date, many of our portfolio companies have not developed any commercially
available products. During the product development process, our portfolio
companies may experience technological issues that they may be unable to
overcome. Because of these uncertainties, none of the potential products of our
portfolio companies may be successfully developed. If our portfolio companies
are not able to develop successful nanotechnology-enabled products, they will be
unable to generate product revenue or build a sustainable or profitable
business. The difficulties of commercialization could have a significant adverse
effect on the value of our common stock.
Many of our portfolio companies are dependent on collaborations.
To develop products for certain target markets, many of our portfolio
companies depend on entering into collaborations to offset cash used in
operating activities and leverage their partners' financial, research and
development, manufacturing, marketing and sales capabilities. These portfolio
companies may not be able to enter into new collaborations for their target
markets, which would limit their access to important financial, research and
development, marketing and sales resources. One partner may also react
negatively to the non-extension of the collaboration with another partner. Our
portfolio companies will need to convince their current and future partners of
the feasibility and benefits of using their nanotechnology-enabled products as
part of their end user products, which may be time consuming. If our portfolio
companies are unable to persuade their partners to use their
nanotechnology-enabled products, they may not be able to commercialize their
products or to generate revenues from product sales. To use our portfolio
companies' nanotechnology-enabled products, their partners will be required to
integrate these products into their final products and they may not do so
successfully. These conditions could lead to losses in our portfolio and have a
significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
16
Our portfolio companies may not currently have the ability to manufacture
nanotechnology-enabled products in volume and will not be able to sell products
without developing volume manufacturing capabilities.
The manufacture of our portfolio companies' potential
nanotechnology-enabled products is unproven and will require long lead times to
establish adequate facilities. Some of the potential products may require our
portfolio companies to manufacture large volumes of materials that are
substantially larger than their current capabilities in order to meet commercial
demand. Our portfolio companies may not be able to develop commercial scale
manufacturing capabilities or produce products cost effectively. Unless our
portfolio companies are able to manufacture economically or obtain their
products in commercial quantities that meet acceptable performance and quality
specifications, this could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and have a
significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
Our portfolio companies may not successfully market their products.
Even if our portfolio companies are able to develop commercially viable
products, the market for new products and services is highly competitive,
rapidly changing and especially sensitive to adverse general economic
conditions. Commercial success is difficult to predict, and the marketing
efforts of our portfolio companies may not be successful. Lack of marketing
success by our portfolio companies could have a significant adverse effect on
the value of our common stock.
We may invest in companies working with technologies or intellectual property
that currently have few or no proven commercial applications.
Nanotechnology, in particular, is a developing area of technology, of
which much of the future commercial value is unknown, difficult to estimate and
subject to widely varying interpretations. There are as of yet relatively few
nanotechnology products commercially available. The timing of additional future
commercially available nanotechnology products is highly uncertain. Long delays,
or failure, in commercialization of nanotechnology in our portfolio companies or
in general, could have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common
stock.
Our portfolio companies will need to achieve commercial acceptance of their
products to obtain product revenue and achieve profitability.
Even if the products of our portfolio companies are technologically
feasible, these early-stage companies may not successfully develop commercially
viable products on a timely basis, if at all. It could be at least several years
before many of our portfolio companies develop first products that are
commercially available and, during this period, superior competitive
technologies may be introduced or customer needs may change resulting in some
products being unsuitable for commercialization. The revenue growth and
achievement of profitability by our portfolio companies will depend
substantially on their ability to introduce new products into the marketplace
that are widely accepted by customers. If they are unable cost effectively to
achieve commercial acceptance of their products, the value of our portfolio
could be significantly, adversely affected, which could have a significant
adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
17
Some of our portfolio companies plan concurrently to develop a number of
products and any one or all of these products may fail to achieve commercial
acceptance.
Some of our portfolio companies plan concurrently to develop a number of
potential products utilizing their technology and know how. We expect that some
or all of these potential products will not be technologically feasible or will
not achieve commercial acceptance, and we cannot predict which, if any, of these
products will be successfully developed or commercialized. Failure of products
of companies in our portfolio could have a significant adverse effect on the
value of our common stock.
Even if our portfolio companies develop commercially acceptable products, they
may not be able to manufacture their products in a cost effective manner or
achieve profitability.
Even if the technology and products of our portfolio companies gain
commercial acceptance, they may not be able to manufacture their products at a
cost that enables them to become and remain profitable. Even if our portfolio
companies are able to manufacture their products on a commercial scale, the cost
of manufacturing their products may be higher than they expect. If the costs
associated with that manufacturing, together with their royalty obligations, are
not significantly less than the prices at which they can sell their products,
which could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and have a significant
adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
Unfavorable economic conditions could result in the inability of our portfolio
companies to access additional capital, leading to financial losses in our
portfolio.
Most of the companies in which we have made or will make investments are
susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions. An economic slowdown or adverse
capital or credit market conditions may affect the ability of companies in our
portfolio to raise additional capital from venture capital or other sources or
to engage in a liquidity event such as an initial public offering or merger.
Adverse economic, capital or credit market conditions may lead to financial
losses in our portfolio, which could have a significant adverse effect on the
value of our common stock.
The value of our portfolio and the value of our common stock could be adversely
affected if the technologies utilized by our portfolio companies are found to
cause health or environmental risks.
Our portfolio companies work with new technologies that could have
potential environmental and health impacts. Tiny technology in general and
nanotechnology in particular are currently the subject of health and
environmental impact research. If health or environmental concerns about tiny
technology or nanotechnology were to arise, our portfolio companies might incur
additional research, legal and regulatory expenses, might have difficulty
raising capital or could be forced out of business. Such adverse health and
environmental effects would have an adverse effect on the value of our portfolio
and could have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
18
Public perception of ethical and social issues may limit or discourage the use
of nanotechnology-enabled products, which could reduce our portfolio companies'
revenues and harm our business.
The subject of nanotechnology has received negative as well as positive
publicity and has aroused public debate. Government authorities could, for
social or other purposes, prohibit or regulate the use of nanotechnology.
Ethical, emotional, rational and irrational and other concerns about
nanotechnology could adversely affect acceptance of the potential products of
our portfolio companies or lead to government regulation of
nanotechnology-enabled products, which could have a significant adverse effect
on the value of our common stock.
Risks related to the illiquidity of our investments.
We invest in illiquid securities and may not be able to dispose of them when it
is advantageous to do so, or ever.
Most of our investments are or will be equity or equity-linked securities
acquired directly from small companies. These equity securities are generally
subject to restrictions on resale or otherwise have no established trading
market. The illiquidity of most of our portfolio of equity securities may
adversely affect our ability to dispose of these securities at times when it may
be advantageous for us to liquidate these investments. We may never be able to
dispose of these securities. Illiquidity of our investments could impair our own
liquidity and could have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common
stock.
Unfavorable economic conditions and government reforms could impair our ability
to engage in liquidity events.
Our business of making venture capital investments and positioning our
portfolio companies for liquidity events may be adversely affected by current
and future capital markets and economic conditions. The public equity markets
currently provide less opportunity for liquidity events than at times in the
past when there was more robust demand for initial public offerings, even for
more mature technology companies than those in which we typically invest. The
potential for public market liquidity could further decrease and could lead to
an inability to realize potential gains or could lead to financial losses in our
portfolio and a decrease in our revenues, net income and assets. Recent
government reforms affecting publicly traded companies, stock markets,
investment banks and securities research practices may have made it more
difficult for privately held companies to complete successful initial public
offerings of their equity securities, and such reforms have increased the
expense and legal exposure of being publicly traded. Slowdowns in initial public
offerings may also have an adverse effect on the frequency and valuations of
acquisitions of privately held companies. The lack of opportunities to sell
investments in privately held companies also has an adverse effect on the
ability of these companies to raise capital from private sources. At this time,
it is not known how the public equity markets will respond to nanotechnology
company offerings. Inability to engage in liquidity events could negatively
effect our liquidity, our reinvestment rate in new and follow-on investments and
have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
19
Even if our portfolio companies complete initial public offerings, the returns
on our investments may be uncertain.
When companies in which we have invested as private entities complete
initial public offerings of their securities, these newly issued securities are
by definition unseasoned issues. Unseasoned issues tend to be highly volatile
and have uncertain liquidity, which may negatively affect their price. In
addition, we are typically subject to lock-up provisions which prohibit us from
selling our investment into the public market for specified periods of time
after initial public offerings. The market price of securities that we hold may
decline substantially before we are able to sell these securities. Most initial
public offerings of technology companies are listed on the Nasdaq National
Market. Recent government reforms of the Nasdaq National Market have made market
making by broker-dealers less profitable, which has caused broker-dealers to
reduce their market-making activities, thereby making the market for unseasoned
stocks less liquid. Declines in value of companies in our portfolio after their
initial public offerings could have a significant adverse effect on the value of
our common stock.
Risks related to our company.
Because there is generally no established market in which to value our
investments, our Valuation Committee's value determinations may differ
materially from the values that a ready market or third party would attribute to
these investments.
There is generally no public market for the equity securities in which we
invest. Pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act, we value substantially all
of the equity securities in our portfolio at fair value as determined in good
faith by the Valuation Committee of our Board of Directors pursuant to Valuation
Procedures established by the Board of Directors. As a result, determining fair
value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances
of each portfolio investment pursuant to specified valuation principles and
processes. We are required by the 1940 Act to value specifically each individual
investment on a quarterly basis and record unrealized depreciation for an
investment that we believe has become impaired. Conversely, we must record
unrealized appreciation if we believe that the underlying portfolio company has
appreciated in value. Without a readily ascertainable market value and because
of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, the fair value that we assign to our
investments may differ from the values that would have been used had a ready
market existed for the investments, and the difference could be material. Any
changes in fair value are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations
as a change in the "Net (decrease) increase in unrealized appreciation on
investments."
20
In the venture capital industry, even when a portfolio of early stage,
high-technology venture capital investments proves to be profitable over the
portfolio's lifetime, it is common for the portfolio's fair value to undergo a
so-called "J-curve" valuation pattern. This not-atypical J-curve valuation
pattern results from write-downs and write-offs of portfolio investments that
reveal themselves as unsuccessful or that appear to be unsuccessful before the
write-downs and write-offs are offset by the portfolio investments that prove to
be successful. Even if our venture capital investments prove to be profitable in
the long run, such J-curve valuation patterns could have a significant adverse
effect on the value of our common stock in the interim.
Because we are a non-diversified company with a relatively concentrated
portfolio, the value of our business is subject to greater volatility than the
value of companies with more broadly diversified investments.
As a result of being able to invest all of our assets in the securities of
a small number of issuers, we are classified as a non-diversified company. We
may be more vulnerable to events affecting a single issuer or industry and
therefore subject to greater volatility than a company whose investments are
more broadly diversified. Accordingly, an investment in our common stock may
present greater risk to you than an investment in a diversified company.
We may be obligated to pay substantial amounts under our profit sharing plan.
Our employee profit-sharing plan requires us to distribute to our officers
and employees 20 percent of any net after-tax realized income as reflected on
our consolidated statements of operations for that year, less any non-qualifying
gain. These distributions may have a significant effect on the amount of direct
distributions in the form of cash dividends, or indirect distributions in the
form of tax credits, if any, made to our shareholders.
Approximately 41 percent of the net asset value attributable to our venture
capital investment portfolio, or 18 percent of our net asset value, as of
December 31, 2004, is concentrated in one company, NeuroMetrix, Inc., which is
not a tiny technology company.
At December 31, 2004, we valued our investment in NeuroMetrix, Inc., which
had an historical cost to us of $4,411,373 and is not a tiny technology company,
at $13,113,822, or 41.47 percent of the net asset value attributable to our
venture capital investment portfolio, or 17.54 percent of our net asset value.
NeuroMetrix is now publicly traded on the Nasdaq National Market and is thinly
traded. Any downturn in the business outlook of NeuroMetrix, or any failure of
the products of NeuroMetrix, to receive widespread acceptance in the
marketplace, would have a significant effect on our specific investment in
NeuroMetrix, and the overall value of our portfolio, and could have a
significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
21
Approximately 43 percent of the net asset value attributable to our venture
capital investment portfolio, or 18 percent of our net asset value, as of
December 31, 2004, is not invested in tiny technology.
All 22 of our investments added since August 2001 have been in tiny
technology companies, and we consider 20 of the companies in our current venture
capital investment portfolio to be tiny technology companies. Nevertheless, at
December 31, 2004, only 57.49 percent of the net asset value attributable to our
venture capital investment portfolio, or 24.32 percent of our net asset value,
was invested in tiny technology companies, which may limit our ability to
achieve our investment objective.
We are dependent upon key management personnel for future success.
We are dependent for the selection, structuring, closing and monitoring of
our investments on the diligence and skill of our senior management and other
key advisers. We utilize lawyers and outside consultants, including two of our
directors, Kelly S. Kirkpatrick, Ph.D., and Lori D. Pressman, to assist us in
conducting due diligence when evaluating potential investments. There is
generally no publicly available information about the companies in which we
invest, and we rely significantly on the diligence of our employees and advisers
to obtain information in connection with our investment decisions. Our future
success to a significant extent depends on the continued service and
coordination of our senior management team, and particularly depends on our
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Charles E. Harris. The departure of any of
our executive officers, key employees or advisers could materially adversely
affect our ability to implement our business strategy. We do not maintain for
our benefit any key man life insurance on any of our officers or employees. Our
President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Mel P.
Melsheimer, retired on December 31, 2004, pursuant to the Mandatory Retirement
Plan. We could be adversely affected by his retirement. On January 1, 2005,
Douglas W. Jamison assumed the roles of President, Chief Operating Officer and
Chief Financial Officer.
We will need to hire additional employees, especially as the size of our
portfolio increases.
We anticipate that it will be necessary for us to add investment
professionals with expertise in venture capital and/or tiny technology and
administrative and support staff to accommodate the increasing size of our
portfolio. We are currently actively seeking to hire a controller. We may need
to provide additional scientific, business, accounting, legal or investment
training for our new hires. There is competition for highly qualified personnel,
and we may not be successful in our efforts to recruit and retain highly
qualified personnel.
The market for venture capital investments, including tiny technology
investments, is highly competitive.
We face substantial competition in our investing activities from many
competitors, including but not limited to: private venture capital funds;
investment affiliates of large industrial, technology, service and financial
companies; small business investment companies; wealthy individuals; and foreign
22
investors. Our most significant competitors typically have significantly greater
financial resources than we do. Greater financial resources are particularly
advantageous in securing lead investor roles in venture capital syndicates. Lead
investors negotiate the terms and conditions of a round of financing. Many
sources of funding compete for a small number of attractive investment
opportunities. Hence, we face substantial competition in sourcing good
investment opportunities on terms of investment that are commercially
attractive.
In addition to the difficulty of finding attractive investment opportunities,
our status as a regulated business development company may hinder our ability to
participate in investment opportunities or to protect the value of existing
investments.
We are required to disclose on a quarterly basis the names and business
descriptions of our portfolio companies and the value of any portfolio
securities. Most of our competitors are not subject to these disclosure
requirements. Our obligation to disclose this information could hinder our
ability to invest in some portfolio companies. Additionally, other current and
future regulations may make us less attractive as a potential investor than a
competitor not subject to the same regulations.
Our failure to make follow-on investments in our portfolio companies could
impair the value of our portfolio.
Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make
additional investments in that portfolio company as "follow-on" investments, in
order to: (1) increase or maintain in whole or in part our ownership percentage;
(2) exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in
the original or subsequent financing; or (3) attempt to preserve or enhance the
value of our investment. "Pay to play" provisions have become common in venture
capital transactions. These provisions require proportionate investment in
subsequent rounds of financing in order to preserve preferred rights such as
anti-dilution protection or to prevent preferred shares from being converted to
common shares.
We may elect not to make follow-on investments or otherwise lack
sufficient funds to make those investments. We have the discretion to make any
follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. The
failure to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the
continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may
result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a
successful operation, or may cause us to lose some or all preferred rights
pursuant to "pay to play" provisions. Even if we have sufficient capital to make
a desired follow-on investment, we may elect not to make a follow-on investment
because we may not want to increase our concentration of risk, because we prefer
other opportunities or because we are inhibited by compliance with business
development company requirements or the desire to maintain our tax status.
23
Bank borrowing or the issuance of debt securities or preferred stock by us to
fund investments in portfolio companies or to fund our operating expenses would
make our total return to common shareholders more volatile.
Use of debt or preferred stock as a source of capital entails two primary
risks. The first risk is that the use of debt leverages our available common
equity capital, magnifying the impact on net asset value of changes in the value
of our investment portfolio. For example, a business development company that
uses 33 percent leverage (that is, $50 of leverage per $100 of common equity)
will show a 1.5 percent increase or decline in net asset value for each 1
percent increase or decline in the value of its total assets. The second risk is
that the cost of debt or preferred stock financing may exceed the return on the
assets the proceeds are used to acquire, thereby diminishing rather than
enhancing the return to common shareholders. To the extent that we utilize debt
or preferred stock financing for any purpose, these two risks would likely make
our total return to common shareholders more volatile. In addition, we might be
required to sell investments, in order to meet dividend, interest or principal
payments, when it may be disadvantageous for us to do so.
As provided in the 1940 Act and subject to some exceptions, we can issue
debt or preferred stock so long as our total assets immediately after the
issuance, less some ordinary course liabilities, exceed 200 percent of the sum
of the debt and any preferred stock outstanding. The debt or preferred stock may
be convertible in accordance with SEC guidelines, which may permit us to obtain
leverage at more attractive rates. The requirement under the 1940 Act to pay, in
full, dividends on preferred shares or interest on debt before any dividends may
be paid on our common stock means that dividends on our common stock from
earnings may be reduced or eliminated. An inability to pay dividends on our
common stock could conceivably result in our ceasing to qualify as a regulated
investment company, or RIC, under the tax Code, which would in most
circumstances be materially adverse to the holders of our common shares.
We are authorized to issue preferred stock, which would convey special rights
and privileges to its owners.
We are currently authorized to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, under terms and conditions determined by our Board of Directors. These
shares would have a preference over our common stock with respect to dividends
and liquidation. The statutory class voting rights of any preferred shares we
would issue could make it more difficult for us to take some actions that may,
in the future, be proposed by the Board and/or holders of common stock, such as
a merger, exchange of securities, liquidation or alteration of the rights of a
class of our securities if these actions were perceived by the holders of the
preferred shares as not in their best interests. The issuance of preferred
shares convertible into shares of common stock might also reduce the net income
and net asset value per share of our common stock upon conversion. These
effects, among others, could have an adverse effect on your investment in our
common stock.
24
Loss of status as a RIC would reduce our net asset value and distributable
income.
We currently qualify as a RIC for 2003 under the tax Code. As a RIC, we do
not have to pay federal income taxes on our income (including realized gains)
that is distributed to our shareholders. Accordingly, we are not permitted under
accounting rules to establish reserves for taxes on our unrealized capital
gains. If we failed to qualify for RIC status in 2004 or beyond, to the extent
that we had unrealized gains, we would have to establish reserves for taxes,
which would reduce our net asset value, net of a reduction in the reserve for
employee profit sharing, accordingly. To the extent that we, as a RIC, were to
decide to make a deemed distribution of net realized capital gains and retain
the net realized capital gains, we would have to establish appropriate reserves
for taxes upon making that decision. It is possible that establishing reserves
for taxes could have a material adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
We operate in a regulated environment.
We are subject to substantive SEC regulations as a business development
company. Securities and tax laws and regulations governing our activities may
change in ways adverse to our and our shareholders' interests, and
interpretations of these laws and regulations may change with unpredictable
consequences. Any change in the laws or regulations that govern our business
could have an adverse impact on us or on our operations. Changing laws,
regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public
disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new SEC regulations and
NASDAQ National Market rules, are creating expense and uncertainty for publicly
held companies in general, and business development companies in particular.
These new or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying
interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result,
their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided
by regulatory and governing bodies, which may well result in continuing
uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by
ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.
We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and
public disclosure. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws,
regulations and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result
in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management
time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.
In particular, our efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002 and the related regulations regarding our required assessment of our
internal controls over financial reporting and our external auditors' audit of
that assessment has required the commitment of significant financial and
managerial resources. Moreover, even though BDCs are not mutual funds, they are
being required to comply with new regulations for mutual funds, such as Rule
38a-1 under the 1940 Act. Further, our board members, chief executive officer
and chief financial officer could face an increased risk of personal liability
in connection with the performance of their duties. As a result, we may have
difficulty attracting and retaining qualified board members and executive
officers, which could harm our business, and we have significantly increased
both our coverage under, and premiums for, directors' and officers' liability
25
insurance. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and
standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies
because of ambiguities related to practice, our reputation may be harmed. Also,
as business and financial practices continue to evolve, they may render the
regulations under which we operate less appropriate and more burdensome than
they were when originally imposed. This increased regulatory burden is causing
us to incur significant additional expenses and is time consuming for our
management, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial
performance and a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
We expect that market prices of our common stock will be volatile.
Our common stock price may be volatile. The trading price of our common
stock may fluctuate substantially. The price of the common stock may be higher
or lower than the price you pay for your shares, depending on many factors, some
of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating
performance. These factors include the following:
o price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time
to time;
o significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of
securities of business development companies or other financial
services companies;
o volatility resulting from trading in derivative securities related
to our common stock including puts, calls, long-term equity
anticipation securities, or LEAPs, or short trading positions;
o changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines with respect to
business development companies or regulated investment companies;
o actual or anticipated changes in our net asset value or fluctuations
in our operating results or changes in the expectations of
securities analysts;
o announcements regarding any of our portfolio companies;
o announcements regarding developments in the nanotechnology field in
general;
o announcements regarding government funding and initiatives related
to the development of nanotechnology;
o general economic conditions and trends; and/or
o departures of key personnel.
We will not have control over many of these factors but expect that our stock
price may be influenced by them. As a result, our stock price may be volatile
and you may lose all or part of your investment.
26
Quarterly results fluctuate and are not indicative of future quarterly
performance.
Our quarterly operating results fluctuate as a result of a number of
factors. These factors include, among others, variations in and the timing of
the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which
we and our portfolio companies encounter competition in our markets and general
economic and capital markets conditions. As a result of these factors, results
for any one quarter should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance
in future quarters, and our common stock may be more volatile than it otherwise
would be.
To the extent that we do not realize income or retain after-tax realized capital
gains, we may have a greater need for additional capital to fund our investments
and operating expenses.
In order to maintain our status as a RIC, we must annually distribute at
least 90 percent of our investment company taxable income as a dividend and may
either distribute or retain our realized net capital gains from investments. As
a result, these earnings may not be available to fund investments. If we fail to
generate net realized capital gains or to obtain funds from outside sources, it
would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of
operations as well as our ability to make follow-on and new investments. Because
of the structure and objectives of our business, we generally expect to
experience net operating losses and rely on proceeds from sales of investments,
rather than on investment income, to defray a significant portion of our
operating expenses. These sales are unpredictable and may not occur. In
addition, as a business development company, we are generally required to
maintain a ratio of at least 200 percent of total assets to total borrowings,
which may restrict our ability to borrow to fund such requirements. Lack of
capital could curtail our investment activities or impair our working capital,
which would have a significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
Investment in foreign securities could result in additional risks.
The Company may invest in foreign securities, although we currently have
no investments in foreign securities. If we invest in securities of foreign
issuers, we may be subject to risks not usually associated with owning
securities of U.S. issuers. These risks can include fluctuations in foreign
currencies, foreign currency exchange controls, social, political and economic
instability, differences in securities regulation and trading, expropriation or
nationalization of assets, and foreign taxation issues. In addition, changes in
government administrations or economic or monetary policies in the United States
or abroad could result in appreciation or depreciation of our securities and
could favorably or unfavorably affect our operations. It may also be more
difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment against a foreign issuer. Any foreign
investments made by us must be made in compliance with U.S. and foreign currency
restrictions and tax laws restricting the amounts and types of foreign
investments. Losses on investments in foreign securities could have a
significant adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
27
Item 2. Properties
The Company maintains its offices at 111 West 57th Street, New York, New
York 10019, where it leases approximately 3,540 square feet of office space
pursuant to lease agreements expiring in 2010. (See "Note 7 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules" contained in Item 8.
"Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.")
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company is not a party to any legal proceedings.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None
28
PART II
Item 5. Market for Company's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
Stock Transfer Agent
The Bank of New York, 101 Barclay Street, Suite 12W, New York, New York
10286 (Telephone 800-524-4458, Attention: Ms. Annette Hogan) serves as transfer
agent for our common stock. Certificates to be transferred should be mailed
directly to the transfer agent, preferably by registered mail.
Market Prices
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"TINY." The following table sets forth the range of the high and low selling
price of the Company's shares during each quarter of the last two years, as
reported by Nasdaq National Market. The quarterly stock prices quoted represent
interdealer quotations and do not include markups, markdowns or commissions.
2004 Quarter Ending Low High
March 31 $11.47 $20.70
June 30 $10.77 $23.60
September 30 $ 7.07 $13.90
December 31 $10.29 $16.70
2003 Quarter Ending Low High
March 31 $2.36 $ 3.99
June 30 $2.71 $ 7.95
September 30 $4.47 $ 9.49
December 31 $6.18 $12.29
Dividends
We did not pay a cash dividend or declare a deemed dividend for 2002, 2003
and 2004. On January 22, 2002, we announced a deemed dividend of $0.0875 per
share for 2001 for a total of $775,620, and in 2002 we paid federal income taxes
on behalf of shareholders of $0.030625 per share for a total of $271,467. We
paid the tax at the corporate rate on the distribution, and the shareholders
received a tax credit equal to their proportionate share of the tax paid.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
The Company did not sell any equity securities during 2004 that were not
registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
Shareholders
As of March 1, 2005, there were approximately 132 holders of record of the
Company's common stock which, the Company has been informed, hold the Company's
common stock for approximately 16,100 beneficial owners.
29
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following tables should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data included in Item 8 of this Form
10-K.
Financial Position as of December 31:
2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
Total assets $ 79,361,451 $ 44,115,128 $ 35,951,969 $ 39,682,367 $ 43,343,423
Total liabilities $ 4,616,652 $ 3,432,390 $ 8,695,923 $ 15,347,597 $ 11,509,948
Net assets $ 74,744,799 $ 40,682,738 $ 27,256,046 $ 24,334,770 $ 31,833,475
Net asset value per outstanding share $ 4.33 $ 2.95 $ 2.37 $ 2.75 $ 3.51
Cash dividends paid $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 184,817
Cash dividends paid per outstanding share $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.02
Shares outstanding, end of year 17,248,845 13,798,845 11,498,845 8,864,231 9,064,231
Operating Data for year ended December 31:
2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
Total investment income $ 637,562 $ 167,785 $ 253,461 $ 510,661 $ 687,050
Total expenses(1) $ 4,046,341 $ 2,731,527 $ 2,124,549 $ 1,035,221 $ (2,623,200)
Net operating (loss) income $ (3,408,779) $ (2,563,742) $ (1,871,088) $ (524,560) $ 3,310,250
Total tax expense (benefit) $ 650,617 $ 13,761 $ 199,309 $ 27,951 $ (51,869)
Net realized income (loss) from
investments $ 858,503 $ (984,925) $ 2,390,302 $ 1,276,366 $ 18,963,832
Net realized (loss) income $ (2,550,276) $ (3,548,667) $ 519,214 $ 751,806 $ 22,274,082
Net decrease (increase) in unrealized
depreciation on investments $ 484,162 $ 343,397 $ (3,241,408) $ (7,641,044) $(37,781,289)
Net decrease in net assets
resulting from operations $ (2,066,114) $ (3,205,270) $ (2,722,194) $ (6,889,238) $(15,507,207)
Decrease in net assets resulting
from operations per average
outstanding share $ (0.13) $ (0.28) $ (0.27)(2) $ (0.78) $ (1.71)
(1) Included in total expenses are the following profit-sharing
expenses/(reversals): $311,594 in 2004; ($163,049) in 2002; ($984,021) in
2001; ($4,812,675) in 2000.
(2) Restated (See Note 12 to Consolidated Financial Statements).
30
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction
with the Company's 2004 Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto.
Forward-Looking Statements
The information contained herein contains certain forward-looking
statements. These statements include the plans and objectives of management for
future operations and financial objectives, portfolio growth and availability of
funds. These forward-looking statements are subject to the inherent
uncertainties in predicting future results and conditions. Certain factors that
could cause actual results and conditions to differ materially from those
projected in these forward-looking statements are set forth herein. (See "Risk
Factors" contained in Item 1. "Business.") Other factors that could cause actual
results to differ materially include the uncertainties of economic, competitive
and market conditions, and future business decisions, all of which are difficult
or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control.
Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking
statements included herein are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be
inaccurate and therefore there can be no assurance that the forward-looking
statements included or incorporated by reference herein will prove to be
accurate. Therefore, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as
a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be
achieved.
Background and Overview
We incorporated under the laws of the state of New York in August 1981. In
1983, we completed an initial public offering and invested $406,936 in Otisville
BioTech, Inc., which also completed an initial public offering later that year.
In 1984, Charles E. Harris purchased a controlling interest in us, thereby also
becoming the control person in Otisville. We then divested our other assets and
became a financial services company, with the investment in Otisville as the
initial focus of our business activity. We hired new management for Otisville,
and Otisville acquired new technology targeting the development of a human blood
substitute.
By 1988, we operated two insurance brokerages and a trust company as
wholly-owned subsidiaries. In 1989, Otisville changed its name to Alliance
Pharmaceutical Corporation, and by 1990, we had completed selling our $406,936
investment in Alliance for total proceeds of $3,923,559.
In 1992, we sold our insurance brokerage and trust company subsidiaries to
their respective managements and registered as an investment company under the
1940 Act, commencing operations as a closed-end, non-diversified investment
company. In 1995, we elected to become a business development company subject to
the provisions of Sections 55 through 65 of the 1940 Act. Throughout our
corporate history, we have made early stage venture capital investments in a
variety of industries. We define venture capital investments as investments in
start-up firms and small businesses with exceptional growth potential. In 1994,
we made our first tiny technology investment. Since August 2001, we have made
initial investments exclusively in tiny technology, including our last 22
initial investments.
31
Since our investment in Otisville in 1983, we have made a total of 64
venture capital investments, including four investments, via private placements,
in securities of publicly traded companies. We have sold 38 of these 64
investments, realizing total proceeds of $108,159,142 on our invested capital of
$40,094,851. Seventeen of these 38 investments were profitable. As measured from
first dollar in to last dollar out, the average and median holding periods for
these 38 investments were 3.5 years and 3.2 years, respectively. As measured by
tranches of cash invested to tranches of cash received, the average and median
holding periods for the 122 separate investment tranches were 2.8 years and 2.4
years, respectively. At December 31, 2004, we valued the 25 venture capital
investments remaining in our portfolio at $31,621,960, or 42.3 percent of our
net assets, net of unrealized depreciation of $874,645. At December 31, 2004,
from first dollar in, the average and median holding periods for our 25 current
venture capital investments are 2.7 years and 2.3 years, respectively.
We have invested a substantial portion of our assets in venture capital
investments in the form of private, development stage or start-up companies.
These private businesses tend to be thinly capitalized, unproven, small
companies that lack management depth, have little or no history of operations
and are developing unproven technologies. At December 31, 2004, $18,508,138, or
24.8 percent, of our net assets, consisted of private venture capital
investments at fair value, net of unrealized depreciation of $9,577,094. At
December 31, 2003, $15,106,576, or 37.1 percent of our net assets, consisted of
private venture capital investments at fair value, of which net unrealized
depreciation was $2,375,303. At December 31, 2002, $12,036,077, or 44.2 percent,
of our net assets consisted of private venture capital investments at fair
value, of which net unrealized appreciation was $2,718,389.
At December 31, 2004, because none of our current venture capital
investments have readily available market values, with the exception of
NeuroMetrix, Inc., which went public in July 2004, we value our venture capital
investments each quarter at fair value as determined in good faith by our
valuation committee within guidelines established by our board of directors in
accordance with the 1940 Act. (See "Footnote to Consolidated Schedule of
Investments" contained in Item 8. "Consolidated Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data.")
We have broad discretion in the investment of our capital. However, we
invest primarily in illiquid equity securities of private companies. Generally,
these investments take the form of preferred stock, are subject to restrictions
on resale and have no established trading market. Our principal objective is to
achieve long-term capital appreciation. Therefore, a significant portion of our
investment portfolio provides little or no income in the form of dividends or
interest. We do earn interest income from fixed-income securities, including
U.S. government and government agency securities. The amount of interest income
we earn varies with the average balance of our fixed-income portfolio and the
average yield on this portfolio and is not expected to be material to our
results of operations.
32
General business and capital markets conditions for the venture capital
industry began to improve in the first half of 2004 from the adverse conditions
of 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, deteriorated again in the third quarter of 2004,
before reviving in the last quarter of 2004. There now exist opportunities to
take venture capital-backed companies public or sell them to established
companies. But, in general, these opportunities are more prevalent for mature
companies with significant revenues that are profitable. Few, if any,
nanotechnology-enabled companies are currently at this stage of maturity.
We present the financial results of our operations utilizing accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States for investment companies. On
this basis, the principal measure of our financial performance during any period
is the net increase/(decrease) in our net assets resulting from our operating
activities, which is the sum of the following three elements:
Net Operating Income / (Loss) - the difference between our income from
interest, dividends, and fees and our operating expenses.
Net Realized Income / (Loss) on Investments - the difference between the
net proceeds of sales of portfolio securities and their stated cost, and income
from interests in limited liability companies.
Net Increase / (Decrease) in Unrealized Appreciation on Investments - the
net change in the fair value of our investment portfolio.
Because of the structure and objectives of our business, we generally
expect to experience net operating losses and seek to generate increases in our
net assets from operations through the long term appreciation of our venture
capital investments. We have in the past relied, and continue to rely, on
proceeds from sales of investments, rather than on investment income, to defray
a significant portion of our operating expenses. Because such sales are
unpredictable, we attempt to maintain adequate working capital to provide for
fiscal periods when there are no such sales.
Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002
During the three years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, we had net
decreases in net assets resulting from operations of $2,066,114, $3,205,270 and
$2,722,194, respectively.
Investment Income and Expenses:
During the three years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, we had net
operating losses of $3,408,779, $2,563,742 and $1,871,088, respectively. The
variation in these results is primarily owing to the changes in operating
expenses. During the three years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002,
operating expenses were $4,046,341, $2,731,527 and $2,124,549, respectively. The
increase during 2004 was primarily owing to increases in profit-sharing
33
provision, salaries and benefits, administration and operations and professional
fees. The profit-sharing provision increased by $311,594, or 100 percent. The
profit-sharing provision changes as a result of realized gains and losses and
increases and decreases in unrealized appreciation. The increase in the
profit-sharing provision is primarily a result of the increase in the value of
our investment in NeuroMetrix, Inc., which completed its IPO on July 22, 2004.
Salaries and benefits increased by $387,396, or 25.1 percent, primarily as a
result of the addition of four employees, partially offset by a decrease in
mandatory retirement plan pension expense that is being amortized through
December 31, 2004. Administration and operations increased by $272,345, or 61.0
percent, primarily as the result of an increase in travel expenses associated
with additional investments in portfolio companies, an increase in expenses
related to the preparation and distribution of the annual and quarterly reports
and proxy statement owing to the increased number of shareholders, and an
increase in director and officer liability insurance. The premium expense for
director and office liability insurance increased by $112,259 to $172,229 in
2004, and the premium expense for 2005 is estimated to be $535,000. Professional
fees increased by $363,516, or 119.7 percent, reflecting in part the expenses
associated with implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Rule 38a-1
under the 1940 Act. We estimate that our total incremental direct and indirect
expenses in 2004 associated with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Rule 38a-1
under the 1940 Act totaled $316,000.
The increase in operating expenses during 2003 was primarily owing to
increases in salary and benefits. During 2003, the full year effect of a new
employee who started in September 2002 was realized. In addition, we recorded an
expense of $225,000 for the establishment of a Mandatory Retirement Plan.
Realized Income and Losses from Investments:
During the three years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, we had
realized income (losses) from investments of $813,994, ($971,164) and
$3,284,737, respectively.
During 2004, our realized income from investments of $813,994 consisted
primarily of a realized gain of $1,681,259 from the sale of our investment in
NanoGram Devices Corporation, offset by a realized loss of $915,108 from the
sale of our shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock in NeoPhotonics
Corporation.
During 2003, we realized a loss of $1,000,001 on the tax write-off of our
investment in Kriton, Inc., which had been previously written-off for book
purposes. As a result of the loss realized in 2003 on the tax write-off of
Kriton Medical, Inc., unrealized appreciation increased by $1,000,001.
During 2002, we realized a gain of $4,776,360 from the liquidation of our
partnership interest in PHZ Capital Partners L.P., and losses of $350,583 and
$1,248,825 from the liquidation of Informio, Inc., and the sale of our
previously written-off investment in Schwoo, Inc., respectively.
34
Unrealized Appreciation and Depreciation of Portfolio Securities:
During the years ended December 31, 2004, and 2003, net unrealized
depreciation on investments decreased by $1,179,288 and $343,397, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2002, net unrealized appreciation decreased
by $3,936,534. The net decrease in unrealized depreciation during 2004 was
primarily owing to an increase in the valuation of our investment in NeuroMetrix
, Inc., of $6,288,405 and the realization of the loss of $915,108 on the sale of
our shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock in NeoPhotonics Corporation,
as well as decreases in the valuations of our investments in Agile Materials and
Technologies, Inc., of $614,081, Continuum Photonics, Inc., of $1,162,208,
Experion Systems, Inc., of $630,497, Nanotechnologies, Inc., of $1,275,373 and
Optiva, Inc., of $2,000,000.
The decrease in net unrealized depreciation during 2003 was primarily
owing to decreases in the valuations of our venture capital investments of
$1,421,220, including an increase in unrealized depreciation of Agile Material
and Technologies, Inc., of $750,000, Experion Systems, Inc., of $325,662 and
NeoPhotonics Corporation of $345,558, offset by a decrease in unrealized
depreciation of Continuum Photonics, Inc., of $226,046 and an increase in
unrealized appreciation in Nanotechnologies, Inc., of $357,963. In addition,
unrealized appreciation increased by $1,000,001 as a result of the loss realized
in 2003 on the tax write-off of Kriton Medical, Inc., which had previously been
written off for book purposes.
The decrease during 2002 was primarily owing to decreases in the
valuations of our venture capital investments of $3,933,834, including a
decrease in unrealized appreciation of NeuroMetrix, Inc., of $1,986,081.
Unrealized depreciation on investments was $2,720,113 at December 31, 2002.
Financial Condition
Year ended December 31, 2004
At December 31, 2004, our total assets and net assets were $79,361,451 and
$74,744,799, respectively. Our net asset value per share ("NAV") at that date
was $4.33, and our shares outstanding increased to 17,248,845 versus 13,798,845
at December 31, 2003.
During the 12 months ended December 31, 2004, significant financial
developments included the receipt of net proceeds of $36,501,000, less costs of
$372,825, for a total of $36,128,175, pursuant to the issuance of 3,450,000 new
shares of our common stock. In addition, the value of our venture capital
investments increased by $16,515,384 to $31,621,960, primarily reflecting nine
new venture capital investments and 10 follow-on investments totaling
$16,709,107, the sale of NanoGram Devices and the net increase in the valuation
of our venture capital investments.
35
During the 12 months ended December 31, 2004, the net increase in the
valuation of our venture capital investments was primarily owing to an increase
in the valuation of our investment in NeuroMetrix, Inc., of $6,288,405,
partially offset by decreases in the valuation of our investments in Agile
Materials & Technologies, Inc., Continuum Photonics, Inc., Experion Systems,
Inc., Nanotechnologies, Inc., and Optiva, Inc., of $614,081, $1,162,208,
$630,497, $1,275,373 and $2,000,000, respectively.
On July 27, 2004, NeuroMetrix, Inc., completed its IPO. Our preferred
stock was converted into 1,137,570 shares of common stock that were subject to a
180-day lock-up period that expired on January 18, 2005. The valuation of our
investment in NeuroMetrix, Inc., at December 31, 2004, reflects a 1.9 percent
discount to the market price. This discount reflected the remaining lock-up
period.
The increase in the value of our investment in U.S. government and agency
obligations, from $27,120,486 at December 31, 2003, to $44,622,722 at December
31, 2004, resulted primarily from the receipt of net proceeds of $36,128,175
pursuant to the issuance of 3,450,000 new shares of our common stock, partially
offset by nine new venture capital investments and nine follow-on investments
totaling $16,709,107, as well as by operating expenses.
The following table is a summary of additions to our portfolio of
venture capital investments during the 12 months ended December 31, 2004:
New Investment Amount
-------------- ------------
Cambrios Technologies Corporation $ 783,019
Crystal IS, Inc. $ 199,983
CSwitch, Inc. $ 1,000,000
Molecular Imprints, Inc. $ 2,000,000
Nanomix, Inc. $ 2,250,000
NeoPhotonics Corporation $ 1,925,000
Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc. $ 500,000
Solazyme, Inc. $ 310,000
Starfire Systems, Inc. $ 250,000
Follow-on Investment
--------------------
Agile Materials & Technologies, Inc. $ 376,008
Continuum Photonics, Inc. $ 839,000
Experion Systems, Inc. $ 121,262
NanoGram Corporation $ 1,000,000
NanoOpto Corporation $ 1,921,252
Nanopharma Corp. $ 550,000
Nanotechnologies, Inc. $ 171,492
NeoPhotonics Corporation $ 12,092
NeuroMetrix, Inc. $ 1,749,999
Optiva, Inc. $ 750,000
------------
Total $ 16,709,107
============
36
The following tables summarize the fair values of our portfolios of
venture capital investments and U.S. government and agency obligations, as
compared with their cost, at December 31, 2004, and December 31, 2003:
December 31,
---------------------------
2004 2003
------------ ------------
Venture capital investments,
at cost $ 32,496,605 $ 17,481,879
Unrealized depreciation(1) 874,645 2,375,303
------------ ------------
Venture capital investments,
at fair value $ 31,621,960 $ 15,106,576
============ ============
December 31,
---------------------------
2004 2003
------------ ------------
U.S. government and agency
obligations, at cost $ 44,945,505 $ 27,121,899
Unrealized depreciation(1) 322,783 1,413
------------ ------------
U.S. government and agency
obligations, at fair value $ 44,622,722 $ 27,120,486
============ ============
(1) At December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the accumulated unrealized
depreciation on investments, including deferred taxes, was $2,737,473 and
$3,221,635, respectively.
The following table summarizes the fair value composition of our venture
capital investment portfolio at December 31, 2004, and December 31, 2003.
NeuroMetrix, Inc., accounted for 97.6 percent and 85.6 percent of the "Other
Venture Capital Investments," at December 31, 2004, and December 31, 2003,
respectively.
December 31,
----------------------------
Category 2004 2003
------------ ------------
Tiny Technology 57.5% 60.7%
Other Venture Capital Investments 42.5% 39.3%
------------ ------------
Total Venture Capital Investments 100.0% 100.0%
============ ============
The following table summarizes the fair value composition of our
venture capital investment portfolio that was still privately held at December
31, 2004, and December 31, 2003. NeuroMetrix, Inc., became a publicly held
company in July 2004.
December 31,
----------------------------
Category 2004 2003
------------ ------------
Tiny Technology 98.2% 60.7%
Other Privately Held Venture
Capital Investments 1.8% 39.3%
------------ ------------
Total Venture Capital Investments 100.0% 100.0%
============ ============
37
Year ended December 31, 2003
At December 31, 2003, our total assets and net assets were $44,115,128 and
$40,682,738, respectively. Our NAV at that date was $2.95, and our shares
outstanding increased to 13,798,845 versus 11,498,845 at December 31, 2002.
During the 12 months ended December 31, 2003, significant financial
developments included the receipt of net proceeds of $16,631,962 pursuant to the
issuance of 2,300,000 new shares of our common stock and a decrease in a payable
to broker for an unsettled trade of $5,696,725. In addition, the value of our
venture capital investments increased by $3,070,499, to $15,106,576 at December
31, 2003, primarily owing to three new venture capital investments and five
follow-on investments totaling $3,727,718 and increases in the valuations of our
venture capital investments of $848,883, offset by write-downs in the valuations
of our venture capital investments of $1,506,102.
The following table is a summary of additions to our portfolio of venture
capital investments during the year ended December 31, 2003:
New Investment Amount
-------------- ----------
Chlorogen, Inc. $ 525,900
NanoGram Devices Corporation $ 750,000
Nanosys, Inc. $1,500,000
Follow-on Investment
--------------------
Chlorogen, Inc. $ 259,100
NanoOpto Corporation $ 125,000
Nanotechnologies, Inc. $ 169,718
Nantero, Inc. $ 323,000
NeoPhotonics, Inc. $ 75,000
----------
Total $3,727,718
==========
Cash Flow
Year Ended December 31, 2004
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31,
2004, was $3,809,805, primarily owing to net operating loss of $3,408,779. In
addition, cash flow decreased owing to an increase in prepaid expenses of
$535,648 and increased owing to an increase in deferred income tax liability of
$695,126.
Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2004,
was $32,093,612, primarily reflecting an increase in our investment in U.S.
government obligations of $17,823,606 and investments in private placements of
$16,731,216.
Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31,
2004, was $36,128,175, reflecting net proceeds from the issuance of 3,450,000
new shares of our common stock on July 7, 2004, in an underwritten follow-on
offering. Although we will make initial investments exclusively in tiny
technology, we can make follow-on investments in non-tiny technology companies
38
currently in our portfolio. Further, while considering venture capital
investments, we may invest the proceeds in U.S. government and agency
obligations, which are likely to yield less than our operating expense ratio. We
expect to invest or reserve for potential follow-on investment the net proceeds
within two years of the offering. We may also use the proceeds of this offering
for operating expenses, including due diligence expenses on potential
investments. For the purpose of allocating the proceeds of the offering,
reserves for follow-on investments in any particular portfolio holding may be no
more than the greater of twice the investment to date in that portfolio holding
or five times the initial investment in the case of seed-stage investments.
Year Ended December 31, 2003
Cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31,
2003, was $6,592,321, primarily reflecting the following changes from December
31, 2002, to December 31, 2003: an increase to restricted funds of $455,134; a
payment of a payable to a broker for an unsettled trade of $5,696,725; and a
decrease to current income tax liability of $857,656. In addition, net realized
and unrealized loss on investments was $627,767, and the net decrease in net
assets resulting from operations was $3,205,270.
Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2003,
was $15,582,923, primarily reflecting an increase in our investment in U.S.
government and agency obligations of $11,669,430 and investments in private
placements of $3,727,718.
Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31,
2003, was $16,633,462, primarily reflecting net proceeds of $16,631,962 from the
issuance of 2,300,000 new shares of our common stock in an underwritten
follow-on offering. Within 12 months, we invested and used for operating
expenses all of the net proceeds from this issuance.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash, receivables and freely
marketable securities, net of short-term indebtedness. Our secondary sources of
liquidity are restricted securities of companies that are publicly traded. At
December 31, 2004, we have contractually restricted common shares of
NeuroMetrix, Inc., that are publicly traded. These shares became freely
marketable on January 18, 2005. We had no restricted securities of companies
that were publicly traded during 2003.
Year Ended December 31, 2004
At December 31, 2004, and December 31, 2003, our total net primary
liquidity was $45,353,691 and $27,563,886, respectively, and our secondary
liquidity was $13,113,822 and $0, respectively.
Our net primary sources of liquidity are more than adequate to cover our
gross cash operating expenses over the next 12 months. Our gross cash operating
expenses totaled $3,878,610 and $2,455,454 in 2004 and 2003, respectively.
39
The increase in our primary source of liquidity from December 31, 2003, to
December 31, 2004, is primarily owing to the receipt of the net proceeds from
the issuance of 3,450,000 new shares of our common stock and the net proceeds
from the sale of our investment in NanoGram Devices Corporation, partially
offset by our investments in Agile Materials & Technologies, Inc., Cambrios
Technologies Corporation, Continuum Photonics, Inc., Crystal IS, Inc., CSwitch,
Inc., Experion Systems, Inc., Molecular Imprints, Inc., NanoGram Corporation,
Nanomix, Inc., NanoOpto Corporation, Nanopharma Corp., NeoPhotonics Corporation,
NeuroMetrix, Inc., Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc., Optiva, Inc., Solazyme,
Inc. and Starfire Systems, Inc., and the use of funds for net operating
expenses. The increase in our secondary source of liquidity from December 31,
2003, to December 31, 2004, is owing to the completion of the public offering of
NeuroMetrix, Inc.
On November 19, 2001, we established an asset account line of credit. The
asset account line of credit is secured by government and government agency
securities. Currently, under the asset account line of credit, we may borrow up
to $8,000,000. The asset account line of credit may be increased to up to 95
percent of the current value of the U.S. government agency obligations with
which we secure the line. Our outstanding balance under the asset account line
of credit at December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, was $0. The asset account line
of credit bears interest at a rate of the Broker Call Rate plus 50 basis points.
Year Ended December 31, 2003
At December 31, 2003, and 2002, our net primary liquidity was $27,563,886
and $16,508,057, respectively. On each of those corresponding dates, our
secondary liquidity was $0, as we had no restricted securities of companies that
were publicly traded.
Our net primary sources of liquidity are more than adequate to cover our
gross cash operating expenses over the next 12 months. Our gross cash operating
expenses totaled $2,455,454 and $2,256,991 in 2003 and 2002, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2003, the increase in our net primary
liquidity was primarily owing to: (1) our payment of federal, state and local
taxes; (2) our investments in Chlorogen, Inc., NanoGram Devices Corporation,
NanoOpto Corporation, Nanosys, Inc., Nanotechnologies, Inc., Nantero, Inc. and
NeoPhotonics, Inc.; and (3) our use of funds for operating expenses; offset by
our receipt of $16,631,962 of net proceeds from an offering of our common stock
that closed on December 30, 2003.
Critical Accounting Policies
Critical accounting policies are those that are both important to the
presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and those that
require management's most difficult, complex or subjective judgments. Our
critical accounting policies are those applicable to the valuation of
investments.
40
Valuation of Portfolio Investments
As a business development company, we invest primarily in illiquid
securities including debt and equity securities of private companies. The
investments are generally subject to restrictions on resale and generally have
no established trading market. We value substantially all of our equity
investments at fair value as determined in good faith by our valuation committee
on a quarterly basis. The valuation committee, comprised of three or more
non-interested board members, reviews and approves the valuation of our
investments within the guidelines established by the board of directors. Fair
value is generally defined as the amount that an investment could be sold for in
an orderly disposition over a reasonable time. Generally, to increase
objectivity in valuing our assets, external measures of value, such as public
markets or third party transactions, are utilized whenever possible. Valuation
is not based on long term work-out value, nor immediate liquidation value, nor
incremental value for potential changes that may take place in the future.
Recent Developments -- Portfolio Companies
On January 25, 2005, we assigned our investment in Agile Materials and
Technologies, Inc., to Cycad Group, LLC.
On February 1, 2005, Optiva, Inc., was shut down. Because at December 31,
2004, we valued our investment in Optiva, Inc., at $0, our net asset value will
not be affected by this event.
On February 16, 2005, we made a $511,006 follow-on investment in a
privately held, tiny technology portfolio company.
On February 23, 2005, we made a $1,500,000 new investment in a privately
held, tiny technology company.
On March 1, 2005, we made a $250,000 follow-on investment in a privately
held, tiny technology portfolio company and a $571,329 follow-on investment in a
privately held, tiny technology portfolio company.
On March 9, 2005, we made a $500,000 follow-on investment in a privately
held, tiny technology portfolio company.
On March 14, 2005, we made a $411,741 follow-on investment in a privately
held, tiny technology portfolio company.
41
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our business activities contain elements of risk. We consider the
principal types of market risk to be valuation risk and the risk associated with
fluctuations in interest rates. We consider the management of risk to be
essential to our business.
Value, as defined in Section 2(a)(41) of the 1940 Act, is (i) the market
price for those securities for which a market quotation is readily available and
(ii) fair value as determined in good faith by, or under the direction of, the
Board of Directors for all other assets . (See the "Valuation Procedures" in the
"Footnote to Consolidated Schedule of Investments" contained in "Item 1.
Consolidated Financial Statements.")
Neither our investments nor an investment in us is intended to constitute
a balanced investment program. We are exposed to public-market price
fluctuations as a result of our publicly traded portfolio, which may be composed
primarily or entirely of highly risky, volatile securities. Currently, 41
percent of the value of our portfolio of investments consists of the publicly
traded common stock of one company, NeuroMetrix, Inc.
We have invested a substantial portion of our assets in private
development stage or start-up companies. These private businesses tend to be
based on new technology and to be thinly capitalized, unproven, small companies
that lack management depth and have not attained profitability or have no
history of operations. Because of the speculative nature and the lack of a
public market for these investments, there is significantly greater risk of loss
than is the case with traditional investment securities. We expect that some of
our venture capital investments will be a complete loss or will be unprofitable
and that some will appear to be likely to become successful but never realize
their potential. Even when our private equity investments complete initial
public offerings (IPOs), we are normally subject to lock-up agreements for a
period of time, and thereafter, the market for the unseasoned publicly traded
securities may be relatively illiquid.
Because there is typically no public market for the equity interests of
many of the small privately held companies in which we invest, the valuation of
the equity interests in that portion of our portfolio is determined in good
faith by our Board of Directors in accordance with our Valuation Procedures. In
the absence of a readily ascertainable market value, the determined value of our
portfolio of equity interests may differ significantly from the values that
would be placed on the portfolio if a ready market for the equity interests
existed. Any changes in valuation are recorded in our consolidated statements of
operations as "Net increase (decrease) in unrealized appreciation on
investments."
We also invest in short-term money market instruments, and both short and
long-term U.S. government and agency obligations. To the extent that we invest
in short and long-term U.S. government and agency obligations, changes in
interest rates may result in changes in the value of these obligations which
would result in an increase or decrease of our net asset value. The level of
interest rate risk exposure at any given point in time depends on the market
environment and expectations of future price and market movements, and it will
42
vary from period to period. If the average interest rate on our portfolio of
U.S. government and agency obligations at December 31, 2004, were to increase by
25, 75 and 150 basis points, the value of the securities, and our net asset
value, would decrease by approximately $112,470, $337,410 and $674,820,
respectively.
In addition, we may from time to time borrow amounts on a line of credit
that we maintain. We currently have no borrowings outstanding under our line of
credit. To the extent we opt to borrow money to make investments in the future,
our net investment income will be dependent upon the difference between the rate
at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest such funds. As a
result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest
rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income in
the event we choose to borrow funds for investing purposes.
43
Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
The following reports and consolidated financial schedules of Harris &
Harris Group, Inc., are filed herewith and included in response to Item 8.
Documents Page
Management's Report on Internal Control Over
Financial Reporting............................................. 45
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm............. 47
Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities
as of December 31, 2004, and 2003............................... 50
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, 2002....................... 51
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002................... 52
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002................... 53
Consolidated Schedule of Investments as of December 31, 2004........54-58
Consolidated Schedule of Investments as of December 31, 2003........59-62
Footnote to Consolidated Schedule of Investments....................63-65
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements..........................66-76
Financial Highlights for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003,
2002, 2001, and 2000............................................ 77
Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted because they are
not applicable or the required information is presented in the consolidated
financial statements and/or related notes.
44
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over
financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the 1934
Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company's
principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the
Company's board of directors, management and other personnel to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and
procedures that:
o pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of
the assets of the Company;
o provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that
receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
Company; and
o provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the
Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute
assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent
limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that
involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and
breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial
reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override.
Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not
be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial
reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the
financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the
process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.
The management of the Company has assessed the effectiveness of the
Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004. In
making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal
Control-Integrated Framework (COSO).
A material weakness is a control deficiency (as defined in PCAOB Auditing
Standard No. 2), or a combination of control deficiencies, that results in more
than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim
financial statements will not be prevented or detected. As of December 31, 2004,
the Company did not maintain effective controls over the accuracy of the
45
Financial Highlights ratios. Specifically, the Company's procedures for
preparing the Financial Highlights ratios were not sufficiently detailed to
detect errors in the underlying calculations. This control deficiency resulted
in an audit adjustment to the line item referred to as total return based on net
asset value in the Company's Financial Highlights section of the financial
statements for the year ended December 31, 2004. This control deficiency could
result in a material misstatement to other Financial Highlights ratios that
would result in a material misstatement to the annual financial statements.
Accordingly, management determined that this control deficiency constitutes a
material weakness. Because of this material weakness, we have concluded that the
Company did not maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2004, based on the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated
Framework.
Our management's assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, has been audited by
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as
stated in their report which appears on page 47 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
46
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Harris & Harris Group, Inc.:
We have completed an integrated audit of Harris & Harris Group, Inc.'s 2004
consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2004 and audits of its 2003 and 2002 consolidated
financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits,
are presented below.
Consolidated financial statements
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying
index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Harris
& Harris Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") at December 31, 2004 and
2003, and the results of their operations, their cash flows, the changes in
their net assets and the financial highlights for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2004 in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards
require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of
financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits, which included confirmation of securities at December 31, 2004 by
correspondence with the custodian, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
The financial highlights of the Company for each of the two years in the period
ended December 31, 2001 were audited by other independent auditors who have
ceased operations. Those independent auditors expressed an unqualified opinion
on those statements in their report dated March 21, 2002.
As discussed in Note 12, the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year
ended December 31, 2002 have been restated.
As more fully disclosed in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, the financial statements include investments valued at $31,621,960
(42% of net assets) at December 31, 2004, the fair values of which have been
estimated by the Board of Directors in the absence of readily ascertainable
market values. Those estimated values may differ significantly from the values
that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and
the differences could be material.
47
Internal control over financial reporting
Also, we have audited management's assessment, included in "Management's Report
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting" appearing under Item 8, that the
Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2004, because of the effect of ineffective controls over the
accuracy of the financial highlights ratios, based on criteria established in
Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is
responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting
and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on management's assessment
and on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in
accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over
financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of
internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of
internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management's assessment,
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinions.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of
the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or
timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting
may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
A material weakness is a control deficiency, or combination of control
deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material
misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented
or detected. The following material weakness has been identified and included in
management's assessment. As of December 31, 2004, the Company did not maintain
effective controls over the accuracy of the financial highlights ratios.
48
Specifically, the Company's procedures for preparing the financial highlights
ratios were not sufficiently detailed to detect errors in the underlying
calculations. This control deficiency resulted in an audit adjustment to the
line item referred to as total return based on net asset value in the Company's
financial highlights section of the financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2004. Additionally, this control deficiency could result in a
misstatement to other financial highlights ratios that would result in a
material misstatement to the annual financial statements. Accordingly,
management determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material
weakness. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature,
timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2004 consolidated
financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the
Company's internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion
on those consolidated financial statements.
In our opinion, management's assessment that Harris & Harris Group, Inc. did not
maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2004, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on criteria established
in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. Also, in our
opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described above on the
achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, Harris & Harris Group,
Inc. has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control -
Integrated Framework issued by the COSO.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
March 14, 2005
49
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSETS
December 31, 2004 December 31, 2003
Investments, at value (Cost: $77,442,110 at 12/31/04,
$44,603,778 at 12/31/03) ............................... $ 76,244,682 $ 42,227,062
Cash and cash equivalents ................................... 650,332 425,574
Restricted funds (Note 5) ................................... 1,591,971 1,212,078
Receivable from portfolio company ........................... 10,000 0
Interest receivable ......................................... 58,960 450
Income tax receivable ....................................... 2,480 17,375
Prepaid expenses ............................................ 542,489 6,841
Other assets, net of reserve of $255,486 at 12/31/04 ........ 260,537 225,748
------------------ ------------------
Total assets ................................................ $ 79,361,451 $ 44,115,128
================== ==================
LIABILITIES & NET ASSETS
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 5) ........... $ 2,905,658 $ 2,723,398
Accrued profit sharing (Note 3) ............................. 311,594 0
Deferred rent ............................................... 34,930 39,648
Deferred income tax liability (Note 6) ...................... 1,364,470 669,344
------------------ ------------------
Total liabilities ........................................... 4,616,652 3,432,390
------------------ ------------------
Net assets .................................................. $ 74,744,799 $ 40,682,738
================== ==================
Net assets are comprised of:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value,
2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued ............... $ 0 $ 0
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized;
19,077,585 issued at 12/31/04 and 15,627,585 issued at
12/31/03 ............................................... 190,776 156,276
Additional paid in capital (Note 4) ......................... 85,658,150 49,564,475
Accumulated net realized loss ............................... (4,961,123) (2,410,847)
Accumulated unrealized depreciation of investments, including
deferred tax liability of $1,540,045 at 12/31/04 and
$844,918 at 12/31/03 ................................... (2,737,473) (3,221,635)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,828,740 shares at 12/31/04 and
12/31/03) .............................................. (3,405,531) (3,405,531)
------------------ ------------------
Net assets .................................................. $ 74,744,799 $ 40,682,738
================== ==================
Shares outstanding .......................................... 17,248,845 13,798,845
================== ==================
Net asset value per outstanding share ....................... $ 4.33 $ 2.95
================== ==================
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
50
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HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, 2004 December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
Investment income:
Interest from:
Fixed-income securities ..................... $ 614,728 $ 125,173 $ 184,050
Portfolio companies ......................... 22,834 450 0
Other income ................................... 0 42,162 69,411
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Total investment income ..................... 637,562 167,785 253,461
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Expenses:
Profit-sharing provision (reversal) (Note 3) ... 311,594 0 (163,049)
Salaries and benefits .......................... 1,928,088 1,540,692 1,130,352
Professional fees .............................. 667,311 303,795 344,717
Administration and operations .................. 718,530 446,185 433,569
Rent ........................................... 151,434 200,711 173,291
Directors' fees and expenses ................... 209,210 162,014 154,682
Depreciation ................................... 43,151 51,073 30,607
Custodian fees ................................. 17,023 10,178 9,604
Interest expense ............................... 0 16,879 10,776
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Total expenses .............................. 4,046,341 2,731,527 2,124,549
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net operating loss .................................. (3,408,779) (2,563,742) (1,871,088)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net realized income (loss) from investments:
Realized income (loss) from investments ........ 813,994 (971,164) 3,284,737
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Income tax (benefit) expense (Note 6) .......... (44,509) 13,761 894,435
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net realized income (loss) from investments .... 858,503 (984,925) 2,390,302
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net realized (loss) income .......................... (2,550,276) (3,548,667) 519,214
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net decrease (increase) in unrealized
depreciation on investments:
Increase as a result of investment sales ....... 915,118 1,000,001 1,602,048
Decrease as a result of investment sales ....... 0 0 (322,208)
Increase on investments held ................... 6,301,132 764,616 285
Decrease on investments held ................... (6,036,962) (1,421,220) (5,216,659)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Change in unrealized depreciation
on investments .............................. 1,179,288 343,397 (3,936,534)
Income tax expense (benefit) (Note 6) .......... 695,126 0 (695,126)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net decrease (increase) in unrealized
depreciation on investments ................. 484,162 343,397 (3,241,408)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net decrease in net assets resulting from operations:
Total .......................................... $ (2,066,114) $ (3,205,270) $ (2,722,194)
================== ================== ==================
Per average outstanding share .................. $ (0.13) $ (0.28) $ (0.27)(1)
================== ================== ==================
Average outstanding shares ..................... 15,476,714 11,511,448 9,968,603
================== ================== ==================
(1) Restated (Note 12).
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
51
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HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, 2004 December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net decrease in net assets
resulting from operations .............................. $ (2,066,114) $ (3,205,270) $ (2,722,194)
Adjustments to reconcile net decrease in net assets
resulting from operations to net cash (used in) provided
by operating activities:
Net realized and unrealized (gain) loss on investments . (1,993,282) 627,767 651,797
Deferred income taxes .................................. 695,126 0 (695,126)
Depreciation ........................................... 43,151 51,073 30,607
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Restricted funds ....................................... (379,893) (455,134) (274,924)
Receivable from portfolio company ...................... (10,000) 786,492 (786,492)
Funds in escrow ........................................ 0 750,000 (750,000)
Interest receivable .................................... (58,510) (261) (107)
Income tax receivable .................................. 14,895 (17,375) 0
Prepaid expenses ....................................... (535,648) 89,790 (81,798)
Notes receivable ....................................... 0 0 10,487
Other assets ........................................... (8,666) 44,130 1,570
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ............... 182,260 1,271,830 412,217
Payable to broker for unsettled trade .................. 0 (5,696,725) 5,696,725
Accrued profit sharing ................................. 311,594 (15,233) (163,049)
Deferred rent .......................................... (4,718) 34,251 (9,253)
Current income tax liability ........................... 0 (857,656) 602,588
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities .... (3,809,805) (6,592,321) 1,923,048
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net (purchase) sale of short-term investments
and marketable securities .......................... (17,823,606) (11,669,430) 10,358,006
Investment in private placements and loans ............. (16,731,216) (3,727,718) (7,195,988)
Proceeds from sale of investments ...................... 2,530,483 27,641 7,631,100
Purchase of fixed assets ............................... (69,273) (213,416) (41,138)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities .... (32,093,612) (15,582,923) 10,751,980
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment of note payable ................................ 0 0 (12,495,777)
Proceeds from public offering, net (Note 4) ............ 36,128,175 16,631,962 5,643,470
Collection on notes receivable ......................... 0 1,500 9,500
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities .... 36,128,175 16,633,462 (6,842,807)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year ..... 425,574 5,967,356 135,135
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year ........... 650,332 425,574 5,967,356
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents ... $ 224,758 $ (5,541,782) $ 5,832,221
================== ================== ==================
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid ...................................... $ 0 $ 575,100 $ 307,585
Interest paid .......................................... $ 0 $ 16,879 $ 19,106
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
52
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HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, 2004 December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
Changes in net assets from operations:
Net operating loss ...................... $ (3,408,779) $ (2,563,742) $ (1,871,088)
Net realized income (loss) on investments 858,503 (984,925) 2,390,302
Net decrease in unrealized depreciation
on investments as a result of sales . 915,118 1,000,001 1,279,840
Net increase in unrealized
depreciation on investments held .... (430,956) (656,604) (4,521,248)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net decrease in net assets resulting
from operations ..................... (2,066,114) (3,205,270) (2,722,194)
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Changes in net assets from
capital stock transactions:
Proceeds from sale of stock ............. 34,500 23,000 26,346
Additional paid in capital on common
stock issued ........................ 36,093,675 16,608,962 5,617,124
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net increase in net assets resulting
from capital stock transactions ..... 36,128,175 16,631,962 5,643,470
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Net increase in net assets ................... 34,062,061 13,426,692 2,921,276
Net Assets:
Beginning of the year ................... 40,682,738 27,256,046 24,334,770
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
End of the year ......................... $ 74,744,799 $ 40,682,738 $ 27,256,046
================== ================== ==================
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
53
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of Shares/
Valuation (3) Principal Value
------------- --------- -----
Investments in Unaffiliated Companies (8)(9)(10) - 11.1% of total investments
Private Placement Portfolio (Illiquid) - 11.1% of total investments
AlphaSimplex Group, LLC (2)(5) -- Investment management company headed by
Dr. Andrew W. Lo, holder of the Harris & Harris Group Chair at MIT
Limited Liability Company Interest...........................................(C) -- $ 125,000
------------
Cambrios Technologies Corporation (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Develops commercially relevant
materials by evolving biomolecules to express control over nanostructure
synthesis -- 3.73% of fully diluted equity
Series B Convertible Preferred...............................................(A) 783,019 783,019
------------
Continuum Photonics, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops optical networking
components by merging materials, MEMS and
electronics technologies -- 4.27% of fully diluted equity
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 2,000,000 202,702
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 2,689,103 219,125
------------
421,827
------------
Crystal IS, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -Develops a technology to grow
single-crystal boules of aluminum nitride for gallium nitride
electronics -- 1.81% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 5,482 199,983
------------
Exponential Business Development Company (1)(2) -- Venture capital partnership
focused on early stage companies
Limited Partnership Interest.................................................(B) -- 0
------------
Heartware, Inc. (1)(2)(5)(6) -- Develops ventricular assist devices --
0% of fully diluted equity
Series A-2 Non-Voting Preferred Stock........................................(B) 47,620 0
------------
Molecular Imprints, Inc. (1)(2)(4) -- Develops nanoimprint lithography
capital equipment -- 2.09% of fully diluted equity
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 1,333,333 2,000,000
------------
Nanosys, Inc. (1)(2)(5)(6) -- Develops nanotechnology-enabled systems
incorporating zero and one-dimensional inorganic
nanometer-scale materials -- 1.58% of fully diluted equity
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 803,428 1,500,000
------------
Nantero, Inc. (1)(2)(5)(6) -- Develops a high-density, nonvolatile, random
access memory chip, using nanotechnology -- 3.35% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 345,070 538,309
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 207,051 323,000
------------
861,309
------------
NeoPhotonics Corporation (1)(2)(6)(12) -- Develops and manufactures planar
optical devices and components -- 3.67% of fully diluted equity
Common Stock..................................................................(C) 60,580 9,105
Series 1 Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(A) 1,831,256 2,014,677
Warrants at $0.15 expiring 3/12/11............................................(C) 30,426 304
------------
2,024,086
------------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
54
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of Shares/
Valuation (3) Principal Value
------------- --------- -----
Investments in Unaffiliated Companies (8)(9)(10) - 11.1% of total investments (cont.)
Private Placement Portfolio (Illiquid) - 11.1% of total investments (cont.)
Optiva, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops and commercializes nanomaterials
for display industry applications -- 1.74% of fully diluted equity
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 1,249,999 $ 0
Secured Convertible Bridge Note with 50% Preferred
Stock Warrant coverage.......................................................(B) $ 750,000 0
------------
0
------------
Solazyme, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Harnesses energy-harvesting machinery
of photosynthetic microbes to produce industrial and pharmaceutical
molecules -- 0% fully diluted equity
Convertible Promissory Note..................................................(A) $ 310,000 319,359
------------
Starfire Systems, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Develops and produces ceramic-
forming polymers -- 1.56% of fully diluted equity
Common Stock.................................................................(A) 125,000 50,000
Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.......................................(A) 200,000 200,000
------------
250,000
Total Unaffiliated Private Placement Portfolio (cost: $11,760,258) ............................... $ 8,484,583
------------
Total Investments in Unaffiliated Companies (cost: $11,760,258) .................................. $ 8,484,583
------------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
55
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of Shares/
Valuation (3) Principal Value
------------- --------- -----
Investments in Non-Controlled Affiliated Companies (8)(9)(11) - 30.3% of total investments
Publicly Traded Portfolio - 17.2% of total investments
NeuroMetrix, Inc. (1)(2)(13) -- Develops and sells medical devices for
monitoring neuromuscular disorders - 8.65% of fully diluted equity
Common Stock.................................................................(B) 1,137,570 $ 13,113,822
------------
Total Publicly Traded Portfolio (cost: $4,411,373) ..................................................... $ 13,113,822
------------
Private Placement Portfolio (Illiquid) - 13.1% of total investments
Agile Materials & Technologies, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops and sells
variable integrated passive RF electronic equipment components --
8.15% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 3,732,736 $ 0
Convertible Bridge Note with 20% warrants....................................(B) $ 376,008 11,927
------------
11,927
------------
Chlorogen, Inc. (1)(2)(5)(6) -- Develops patented chloroplast technology
to produce plant-made proteins -- 9.74% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 4,478,038 785,000
------------
CSwitch, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Develops next-generation, system-on-a-chip
solutions for communications-based platforms -- 5.66% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 1,000,000 1,000,000
------------
Experion Systems, Inc. (1)(2)(7) -- Develops and sells software to credit
unions -- 12.53% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 294,118 0
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 35,294 0
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 222,184 0
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 64,501 202,103
------------
202,103
------------
NanoGram Corporation (1)(2)(6) -- Develops a broad suite of intellectual
property utilizing nanotechnology -- 7.29% of fully diluted equity
Series I Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 63,210 21,672
Series II Convertible Preferred Stock........................................(A) 1,250,904 1,000,723
------------
1,022,395
------------
Nanomix, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Develops nanoelectronic sensors that
integrate carbon nanotube electronics with silicon microstructures --
6.48% of fully diluted equity
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 8,801,263 2,250,000
------------
NanoOpto Corporation (1)(2)(6) -- Develops discrete and integrated optical
communications sub-components on a chip by utilizing nano-manufacturing
technology -- 11.92% of fully diluted equity
Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.......................................(C) 267,857 47,561
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 3,819,935 1,625,000
Secured Convertible Bridge Note with 20% warrants............................(C) $ 421,251 424,113
------------
2,096,674
------------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
56
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of Shares/
Valuation (3) Principal Value
------------- --------- -----
Nanopharma Corp. (1)(2)(5)(6) -- Develops advanced polymers for drug
delivery -- 13.61% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(A) 684,516 $ 700,000
Secured Convertible Bridge Note with 25% Warrants.............................(A) $ 550,000 557,068
------------
1,257,068
------------
Nanotechnologies, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops and commercializes
nanoscale materials for industry -- 6.74% of fully diluted equity
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(B) 1,538,837 132,879
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(B) 473,903 40,921
------------
173,800
------------
Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Manufactures thin-film,
superlattice thermoelectric devices -- 5.26% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(A) 500,000 500,000
------------
Questech Corporation (1)(2)(5) -- Manufactures and markets proprietary metal
decorative tiles -- 6.76% of fully diluted equity
Common Stock.................................................................(C) 646,954 $ 724,588
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 11/16/05..........................................(C) 1,250 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 08/03/06..........................................(C) 8,500 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 11/21/07..........................................(C) 3,750 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 11/19/08..........................................(C) 5,000 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 11/19/09..........................................(C) 5,000 0
------------
724,588
------------
Total Non-Controlled Private Placement Portfolio (cost: $16,324,974) ............................... $ 10,023,555
------------
Total Investments in Non-Controlled Affiliated Companies (cost: $20,736,347) ....................... $ 23,137,377
------------
U.S. Government and Agency Obligations - 58.6% of total investments
U.S. Treasury Bills -- due date 01/06/05.....................................(J) 830,000 $ 829,900
U.S. Treasury Bills - due date 03/17/05......................................(J) 1,775,000 1,767,474
U.S. Treasury Notes -- due date 04/30/05, coupon 1.625%......................(H) 2,692,000 2,685,378
U.S. Treasury Notes - due date 06/30/05, coupon 1.125%.......................(H) 21,500,000 21,355,520
U.S. Treasury Notes -- due date 02/28/06, coupon 1.625%......................(H) 2,000,000 1,972,900
U.S. Treasury Notes - due date 06/30/06, coupon 2.75% .......................(H) 10,000,000 9,973,000
U.S. Treasury Notes -- due date 02/15/07, coupon 2.25%.......................(H) 2,000,000 1,966,100
U.S. Treasury Notes -- due date 05/15/08, coupon 2.625%......................(H) 1,999,000 1,954,342
U.S. Treasury Notes -- due date 03/15/09, coupon 2.625%......................(H) 2,192,000 2,118,108
------------
Total Investments in U.S. Government and Agency Obligations (cost: $44,945,505) .................... $ 44,622,722
------------
Total Investments -- 100% (cost: $77,442,110) ...................................................... $ 76,244,682
============
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
57
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes to Consolidated Schedule of Investments
(1) Represents a non-income producing security. Equity investments that have
not paid dividends within the last 12 months are considered to be
non-income producing.
(2) Legal restrictions on sale of investment.
(3) See Footnote to Schedule of Investments for a description of the Valuation
Procedures.
(4) Initial investment was made during 2004.
(5) No changes in valuation occurred in these investments during the 12 months
ended December 31, 2004.
(6) These investments are development stage companies. A development stage
company is defined as a company that is devoting substantially all of its
efforts to establishing a new business, and either it has not yet
commenced its planned principal operations, or it has commenced such
operations but has not realized significant revenue from them.
(7) Experion Systems, Inc., was previously named MyPersonalAdvocate.com, Inc.
(8) Investments in unaffiliated companies consist of investments in which we
own less than five percent of the voting shares of the portfolio company.
Investments in non-controlled affiliated companies consist of investments
in which we own more than five percent, but less than 25 percent, of the
voting shares of the portfolio company. Investments in controlled
affiliated companies consist of investments in which we own more than 25
percent of the voting shares of the portfolio company.
(9) The percentage ownership of each portfolio company disclosed in the
Consolidated Schedule of Investments expresses the potential equity
interest in each such portfolio company. The calculated percentage
represents the amount of the issuer's equity securities we own or can
acquire as a percentage of the issuer's total outstanding equity
securities plus equity securities reserved for issued and outstanding
warrants, convertible securities and all authorized stock options, both
granted and ungranted.
(10) The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of investments in
unaffiliated companies is $11,760,258. The gross unrealized appreciation
based on the tax cost for these securities is $166,498. The gross
unrealized depreciation based on the tax cost for these securities is
$3,442,173.
(11) The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of investments in
non-controlled affiliated companies is $20,736,347. The gross unrealized
appreciation based on the tax cost for these securities is $8,702,449. The
gross unrealized depreciation based on the tax cost for these securities
is $6,301,419.
(12) NeoPhotonics filed for bankruptcy on November 17, 2003. We sold our
investment in its Series D Preferred Stock in January 2004. NeoPhotonics
emerged from bankruptcy, as a newly reorganized company, after obtaining
financing from us and other investors.
(13) The Company's 1,137,570 share holding in NeuroMetrix, Inc. (Nasdaq
National Market Symbol: NURO), before a lock-up discount, at the December
31, 2004, market price per share of $11.75, was $13,366,448. The lock-up
expired on January 18, 2005. On March 1, 2005, the market price per share
of NeuroMetrix was $9.99. Charles E. Harris, our Chairman and CEO, is a
board member of NeuroMetrix, Inc.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this
consolidated schedule.
58
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2003
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of Shares/
Valuation (3) Principal Value
------------- --------- -----
Investments in Unaffiliated Companies (8)(9)(10) - 11.3% of total investments
Private Placement Portfolio (Illiquid) -- 11.3% of total investments
AlphaSimplex Group, LLC (2)(12) -- Investment advisory firm headed by
Dr. Andrew W. Lo, holder of the Harris & Harris Group Chair at MIT
Limited Liability Company interest...........................................(C) -- $ 118,750
------------
Continuum Photonics, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops optical networking
components by merging cutting-edge materials, MEMS and
electronics technologies -- 3.70% of fully diluted equity
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 2,000,000 745,035
------------
Exponential Business Development Company (1)(2)(5)(12) -- Venture capital
partnership focused on early stage companies
Limited Partnership interest.................................................(A) -- 25,000
------------
Heartware, Inc. (1)(2)(6)(15) -- Develops ventricular assist devices --
0% percent of fully diluted equity
Series A-2 Non-Voting Preferred Stock........................................(B) 47,620 0
------------
NanoGram Corporation (1)(2)(4)(6)(13) -- Develops a broad suite of intellectual
property utilizing nanotechnology -- 1.81% of fully diluted equity
Series 1 Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 63,210 21,672
------------
NanoOpto Corporation (1)(2)(6) -- Develops high performance, integrated optical
communications sub-components on a chip by utilizing patented
nano-manufacturing technology -- 2.60% of fully diluted equity
Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock........................................(C) 267,857 47,567
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(C) 293,842 125,000
------------
172,567
------------
Nanosys, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Develops nanotechnology-enabled systems
incorporating novel and patent-protected zero and one-dimensional
nanometer-scale materials -- 1.65% of fully diluted equity
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 803,428 1,500,000
------------
Nantero, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops a high density nonvolatile random
access memory chip using nanotechnology -- 3.35% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 345,070 538,309
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 207,051 323,000
------------
861,309
------------
NeoPhotonics Corporation (1)(2)(6)(13)(14) -- Develops and manufactures planar
optical devices and components using nanomaterials deposition technology --
1.53% of fully diluted equity
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(B) 1,498,802 0
Secured Convertible Note......................................................(B) $ 75,000 75,000
------------
75,000
------------
Presentation has been changed to conform to the 2004 presentation.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated schedule.
59
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2003
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of Shares/
Valuation (3) Principal Value
------------- --------- -----
Private Placement Portfolio (Illiquid) -- 11.3% of total investments (cont.)
Optiva, Inc. (1)(2)(5)(6) -- Develops and commercializes nanomaterials
for advanced applications -- 1.96% of fully diluted equity
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 1,249,999 $ 1,250,000
------------
Total Private Placement Portfolio (cost: $6,354,651) .................................................... $ 4,769,333
------------
Total Investments in Unaffiliated Companies (cost: $6,354,651) .......................................... $ 4,769,333
------------
Investments in Non-Controlled Affiliated Companies (8)(9)(11) - 24.5% of total investments
Private Placement Portfolio (Illiquid) - 24.5% of total investments
Agile Materials & Technologies, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops and sells
variable integrated passive RF electronic equipment components --
8.15% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 3,732,736 250,000
------------
Chlorogen, Inc. (1)(2)(4)(6) -- Develops patented chloroplast technology
to produce plant-made proteins -- 9.76% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(A) 4,478,038 785,000
------------
Experion Systems, Inc. (1)(2)(5)(7) -- Develops and sells
software to credit unions -- 12.44% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 294,118 262,172
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 35,294 31,460
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(B) 222,184 417,706
------------
711,338
------------
NanoGram Devices Corporation (1)(2)(4)(6)(14) -- Develops power components for
biomedical applications by utilizing a patented nanomaterial synthesis
process -- 5.00% of fully diluted equity
Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.......................................(A) 63,210 63,210
Series A-2 Convertible Preferred Stock.......................................(A) 750,000 750,000
------------
813,210
------------
Nanopharma Corp. (1)(2)(5)(6) -- Develops advanced nanoscopic drug
delivery vehicles and systems -- 14.39% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(A) 684,516 700,000
------------
Nanotechnologies, Inc. (1)(2)(6) -- Develops high-performance
nanoscale materials for industry -- 6.48% of fully diluted equity
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(C) 1,538,837 1,107,963
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock..........................................(C) 235,720 169,718
------------
1,277,681
------------
NeuroMetrix, Inc. (1)(2)(5) -- Develops and sells medical devices for
monitoring neuromuscular disorders -- 12.08% of fully diluted equity
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 875,000 1,312,500
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 625,000 937,500
Series C-2 Convertible Preferred Stock.......................................(C) 1,148,100 1,722,150
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock.........................................(C) 499,996 749,994
Series E-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.......................................(C) 235,521 353,282
------------
5,075,426
------------
Presentation has been changed to conform to the 2004 presentation.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated schedule.
60
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HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2003
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of Shares/
Valuation (3) Principal Value
------------- --------- -----
Private Placement Portfolio (Illiquid) - 24.5% of total investments (cont.)
Questech Corporation (1)(2)(5) -- Manufactures and markets proprietary metal
decorative tiles -- 6.73% of fully diluted equity
Common Stock.................................................................(C) 646,954 724,588
Warrants at $5.00 expiring 10/25/04..........................................(C) 1,966 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 11/16/05..........................................(C) 1,250 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 08/03/06..........................................(C) 8,500 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 11/21/07..........................................(C) 3,750 0
Warrants at $1.50 expiring 11/19/08..........................................(C) 5,000 0
-----------
724,588
-----------
Total Private Placement Portfolio (cost: $11,127,228)........................................................ $10,337,243
-----------
Total Investments in Non-Controlled Affiliated Companies (cost: $11,127,228)................................. $10,337,243
-----------
U.S. Government and Agency Obligations - 64.2% of total investments
U.S. Treasury Bills -- due date 01/08/04.........................................(J) $ 4,264,000 $ 4,263,275
U.S. Treasury Bills -- due date 01/15/04.........................................(J) 900,000 899,658
U.S. Treasury Bills -- due date 02/05/04.........................................(J) 17,308,000 17,293,634
U.S. Treasury Bills -- due date 02/12/04.........................................(J) 1,670,000 1,668,347
U.S. Treasury Bills -- due date 02/19/04.........................................(J) 1,600,000 1,598,176
U.S. Treasury Bills -- due date 03/18/04.........................................(J) 1,400,000 1,397,396
-----------
Total Investments in U.S. Government (cost: $27,121,899)..................................................... $27,120,486
-----------
Total Investments -- 100% (cost: $44,603,778)................................................................ $42,227,062
===========
Presentation has been changed to conform to the 2004 presentation.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated schedule.
61
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HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2003
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes to Consolidated Schedule of Investments
(1) Represents a non-income producing security. Equity investments that have
not paid dividends within the last 12 months are considered to be
non-income producing.
(2) Legal restrictions on sale of investment.
(3) See Footnote to Schedule of Investments for a description of the Asset
Valuation Policy Guidelines.
(4) Initial investment was made during 2003.
(5) No changes in valuation occurred in these investments during the 12 months
ended December 31, 2003.
(6) These investments are development stage companies. A development stage
company is defined as a company that is devoting substantially all of its
efforts to establishing a new business, and either it has not yet
commenced its planned principal operations or it has commenced such
operations but has not realized significant revenue from them.
(7) Previously named MyPersonalAdvocate.com, Inc.
(8) Investments in unaffiliated companies consist of investments in which we
own less than five percent of the voting shares of the portfolio company.
Investments in non-controlled affiliated companies consist of investments
in which we own more than five percent but less than 25 percent of the
voting shares of the portfolio company. Investments in controlled
affiliated companies consist of investments in which we own more than 25
percent of the voting shares of the portfolio company.
(9) The percentage ownership of each portfolio company disclosed in the
Consolidated Schedule of Investments expresses the potential equity
interest in each such portfolio company. The calculated percentage
represents the amount of the issuer's equity securities we own or can
acquire as a percentage of the issuer's total outstanding equity
securities plus equity securities reserved for issued and outstanding
warrants, convertible securities and all authorized stock options, both
granted and ungranted.
(10) The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of investments in
unaffiliated companies is $6,354,651. The gross unrealized appreciation
based on the tax cost for these securities is $162,198. The gross
unrealized depreciation based on the tax cost for these securities is
$1,747,516.
(11) The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes of investments in
non-controlled affiliated companies is $11,127,228. The gross unrealized
appreciation based on the tax cost for these securities is $2,772,007. The
gross unrealized depreciation based on the tax cost for these securities
is $3,561,992.
(12) Non-registered investment company.
(13) On April 30, 2003, NeoPhotonics Corporation distributed its shares in
NanoGram Corporation to shareholders of record on November 14, 2002. We
received 63,210 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock.
(14) On April 30, 2003, NeoPhotonics Corporation distributed its shares in
NanoGram Devices Corporation to shareholders of record on November 14,
2002. We received 63,210 shares of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.
(15) On July 10, 2003, we received 47,620 shares of Series A-2 Non-Voting
Preferred stock of Heartware, Inc., a new company formed to acquire the
assets and assume certain liabilities of Kriton Medical, Inc. as part of
Kriton's bankruptcy.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated schedule.
62
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HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
FOOTNOTE TO CONSOLIDATED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VALUATION PROCEDURES
Our investments can be classified into five broad categories for valuation
purposes:
1) EQUITY-RELATED SECURITIES
2) INVESTMENTS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR PATENTS OR RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
3) LONG-TERM FIXED-INCOME SECURITIES
4) SHORT-TERM FIXED-INCOME INVESTMENTS
5) ALL OTHER INVESTMENTS
The Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act") requires periodic
valuation of each investment in our portfolio to determine our net asset value.
Under the 1940 Act, unrestricted securities with readily available market
quotations are to be valued at the current market value; all other assets must
be valued at "fair value" as determined in good faith by or under the direction
of the Board of Directors.
Our Board of Directors is responsible for (1) determining overall
valuation guidelines and (2) ensuring that our investments are valued within the
prescribed guidelines.
Our Valuation Committee, comprised of three or more independent Board
members, is responsible for reviewing and approving the valuation of our assets
within the guidelines established by the Board of Directors. The Valuation
Committee receives information and recommendations from management.
Fair value is generally defined as the amount that an investment could be
sold for in an orderly disposition over a reasonable time. Generally, to
increase objectivity in valuing our assets, external measures of value, such as
public markets or third-party transactions, are utilized whenever possible.
Valuation is not based on long-term work-out value, nor immediate liquidation
value, nor incremental value for potential changes that may take place in the
future.
The values assigned to these investments are based on available
information and do not necessarily represent amounts that might ultimately be
realized, as such amounts depend on future circumstances and cannot reasonably
be determined until the individual investments are actually liquidated or become
readily marketable.
Our valuation policy with respect to the five broad investment categories
is as follows:
EQUITY-RELATED SECURITIES
Equity-related securities are carried at fair value using one or more of
the following basic methods of valuation:
A. Cost: The cost method is based on our original cost. This method is
generally used in the early stages of a company's development until significant
positive or negative events occur subsequent to the date of the original
investment that dictate a change to another valuation method.
63
Some examples of these events are: (1) a major recapitalization; (2) a major
refinancing; (3) a significant third-party transaction; (4) the development of a
meaningful public market for a company's common stock; and (5) significant
positive or negative changes in a company's business.
B. Analytical Method: The analytical method is generally used to value an
investment position when there is no established public or private market in the
company's securities or when the factual information available to us dictates
that an investment should no longer be valued under either the cost or private
market method. This valuation method is inherently imprecise and ultimately the
result of reconciling the judgments of our Valuation Committee members, based on
the data available to them. The resulting valuation, although stated as a
precise number, is necessarily within a range of values that vary depending upon
the significance attributed to the various factors being considered. Some of the
factors considered may include the financial condition and operating results of
the company, the long-term potential of the business of the company, the values
of similar securities issued by companies in similar businesses, the proportion
of the company's securities we own and the nature of any rights to require the
company to register restricted securities under applicable securities laws.
C. Private Market: The private market method uses actual, executed,
historical transactions in a company's securities by responsible third parties
as a basis for valuation. The private market method may also use, where
applicable, unconditional firm offers by responsible third parties as a basis
for valuation.
D. Public Market: The public market method is used when there is an
established public market for the class of a company's securities held by us or
into which our securities are convertible. We discount market value for
securities that are subject to significant legal or contractual transfer
restrictions. Securities for which market quotations are readily available, and
which are not subject to substantial legal or contractual and transfer
restrictions, are carried at market value as of the time of valuation. Market
value for securities traded on securities exchanges or on the Nasdaq National
Market is the last reported sales price on the day of valuation. For other
securities traded in the over-the-counter market and listed securities for which
no sale was reported on that day, market value is the mean of the closing bid
price and asked price on that day. This method is the preferred method of
valuation when there is an established public market for a company's securities,
as that market provides the most objective basis for valuation. If, for any
reason, the Valuation Committee determines that market quotations are not
reliable, such securities shall be fair valued by the Valuation Committee in
accordance with these valuation procedures.
INVESTMENTS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, PATENTS, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN
TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Such investments are carried at fair value using the following basic
methods of valuation:
E. Cost: The cost method is based on our original cost. This method is
generally used in the early stages of commercializing or developing intellectual
property or patents or research and development in technology or product
development until significant positive or adverse events occur subsequent to the
date of the original investment that dictate a change to another valuation
method.
F. Analytical Method: The analytical method is used to value an investment
after analysis of the best available outside information where the factual
information available to us dictates that an investment should no longer be
valued under either the cost or private market method. This valuation method is
inherently imprecise and ultimately the result of reconciling the judgments of
our Valuation Committee members. The resulting valuation, although stated as a
precise number, is necessarily within a range of values that vary depending upon
the significance attributed to the various factors being considered. Some of the
factors considered may include the results of research and development, product
development progress, commercial prospects, term of patent, projected markets,
and other subjective factors.
64
G. Private Market: The private market method uses actual third-party
investments in the same or substantially similar intellectual property or
patents or research and development in technology or product development as a
basis for valuation, using actual executed historical transactions by
responsible third parties. The private market method may also use, where
applicable, unconditional firm offers by responsible third parties as a basis
for valuation.
LONG-TERM FIXED INCOME SECURITIES
H. Readily Marketable: Long-term fixed-income securities for which market
quotations are readily available are carried at market value as of the time of
valuation using the most recent bid quotations when available.
I. Not Readily Marketable: Long-term fixed-income securities for which
market quotations are not readily available are carried at fair value as
determined in good faith by the Valuation Committee on the basis of available
data, which may include credit quality, and interest rate analysis as well as
quotations from broker-dealers or, where such quotations are not available,
prices from independent pricing services that the Board believes are reasonably
reliable and based on reasonable price discovery procedures and data from other
sources.
SHORT-TERM FIXED-INCOME INVESTMENTS
J. Short-Term Fixed-Income Investments are valued in the same manner as
long-term fixed income securities until the remaining maturity is 60 days or
less, after which time such securities may be valued at amortized cost if there
is no concern over payment at maturity.
ALL OTHER INVESTMENTS
K. All Other Investments are reported at fair value as determined in good
faith by the Valuation Committee.
For all other investments, the reported values shall reflect the Valuation
Committee's judgment of fair values as of the valuation date using the outlined
basic methods of valuation or any other method of valuation that the Valuation
Committee determines after review and analysis is more appropriate for the
particular kind of investment. They do not necessarily represent an amount of
money that would be realized if we had to sell such assets in an immediate
liquidation. Thus, valuations as of any particular date are not necessarily
indicative of amounts that we may ultimately realize as a result of future sales
or other dispositions of investments we hold.
65
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE 1. THE COMPANY
Harris & Harris Group, Inc. (the "Company," "us," "our" and "we"), is a
venture capital company operating as a business development company ("BDC")
under the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act"). We operate as an
internally managed company whereby our officers and employees, under the general
supervision of our Board of Directors, conduct our operations.
We elected to become a BDC on July 26, 1995, after receiving the necessary
approvals. From September 30, 1992, until the election of BDC status, we
operated as a closed-end, non-diversified investment company under the 1940 Act.
Upon commencement of operations as an investment company, we revalued all of our
assets and liabilities at fair value as defined in the 1940 Act. Prior to
September 30, 1992, we were registered and filed under the reporting
requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 as an operating company
and, while an operating company, operated directly and through subsidiaries.
Harris & Harris Enterprises, Inc. ("Enterprises"), is a 100 percent wholly
owned subsidiary of the Company. Enterprises held a lease for office space until
the lease expired on July 31, 2003, which office space it sublet to the Company
and an unaffiliated party; is a partner in Harris Partners I, L.P.; and is taxed
as a C corporation. Harris Partners I, L.P., is a limited partnership and owned,
until December 31, 2002, a 20 percent limited partnership interest in PHZ
Capital Partners L.P. Currently, Harris Partners I, L.P., owns our interest in
AlphaSimplex Group, LLC. The partners of Harris Partners I, L.P., are
Enterprises (sole general partner) and Harris & Harris Group, Inc. (sole limited
partner).
We filed for the 1999 tax year to elect treatment as a Regulated
Investment Company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 (the "Code") and qualified for the same treatment for 2000-2003. There can
be no assurance that we will qualify as a RIC for 2004 and subsequent years or
that if we do qualify, we will continue to qualify for subsequent years. In
addition, under certain circumstances, even if we qualified for Subchapter M
treatment for a given year, we might take action in a subsequent year to ensure
that we would be taxed in that subsequent year as a C Corporation, rather than
as a RIC. As a RIC, we must, among other factors, distribute at least 90 percent
of our investment company taxable income and may either distribute or retain our
realized net capital gains on investments.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in
the preparation of the consolidated financial statements:
Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have
been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States for investment companies and include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include money market
instruments with maturities of less than three months.
66
Portfolio Investment Valuations. Investments are stated at "value" as
defined in the 1940 Act and in the applicable regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission. Value, as defined in Section 2(a)(41) of the 1940 Act, is
(i) the market price for those securities for which a market quotation is
readily available and (ii) for all other assets is as determined in good faith
by, or under the direction of, the Board of Directors. (See "Valuation
Procedures" in the "Footnote to Consolidated Schedule of Investments.") At
December 31, 2004, our financial statements include venture capital investments
valued at $31,621,960, the fair values of which were determined in good faith
by, or under the direction, of the Board of Directors.
Securities Transactions. Securities transactions are accounted for on the
date the securities are purchased or sold (trade date); dividend income is
recorded on the ex-dividend date; and interest income is accrued as earned.
Realized gains and losses on investment transactions are determined by specific
identification for financial reporting and tax reporting.
Income Taxes. Prior to January 1, 1999, we recorded income taxes using the
liability method in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 109. Accordingly, deferred tax liabilities had been
established to reflect temporary differences between the recognition of income
and expenses for financial reporting and tax purposes; the most significant such
difference relates to our unrealized appreciation on investments.
The December 31, 2004, consolidated financial statements include a
provision for deferred taxes on the remaining net built-in gains as of December
31, 1998, net of the unutilized operating and capital loss carryforwards
incurred by us through December 31, 1998.
We pay federal, state and local income taxes on behalf of our wholly owned
subsidiary, Harris & Harris Enterprises, which is a C corporation. (See "Note 6.
Income Taxes.")
Estimates by Management. The preparation of the consolidated financial
statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2004, and
December 31, 2003, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the
three years ended December 31, 2004, December 31, 2003, and December 31, 2002.
The most significant estimates relate to the fair valuations of certain of our
investments. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
NOTE 3. EMPLOYEE PROFIT SHARING PLAN
As of January 1, 2003, we implemented the Amended and Restated Harris &
Harris Group, Inc. Employee Profit-Sharing Plan, which we refer to as the 2002
Plan.
The 2002 Plan (and its predecessor) provides for profit sharing by our
officers and employees equal to 20 percent of our "qualifying income" for that
plan year (the "Payout Amount"). For the purposes of the 2002 Plan, qualifying
income is defined as net realized income as reflected on our consolidated
statements of operations for that year, less nonqualifying gains, if any.
For purposes of the 2002 Plan, our net realized income includes investment
income, realized gains and losses, and operating expenses (including taxes paid
or payable by us), but is calculated without including dividends paid or
distributions made to shareholders, payments under the Plan, unrealized gains
and losses, and loss carry-overs from other years which we refer to as
qualifying income. The proportion of net after-tax realized gains attributable
to asset values as of September 30, 1997 is considered nonqualifying gain, which
reduces qualifying income. As soon as practicable following the year-end audit,
the Audit Committee will determine whether, and if so how much, qualifying
income exists for a plan year. Once determined, 90 percent of the Payout Amount
will be paid out to Plan participants pursuant to the distribution percentages
set forth in the Plan. The remaining 10 percent will be paid out after we have
filed our federal tax return for that plan year.
67
On October 15, 2002, our shareholders approved the performance goals under
the 2002 Plan in accordance with Section 162(m) of the Code, effective as of
January 1, 2003. The Code generally provides that a public company such as we
may not deduct compensation paid to its chief executive officer or to any of its
four most highly compensated officers to the extent that the compensation paid
to the officer/employee exceeds $1,000,000 in any tax year, unless payment is
made upon the attainment of objective performance goals that are approved by our
shareholders.
Under the 2002 Plan, awards previously granted to four current
Participants (Messrs. Harris and Melsheimer and Ms. Shavin and Ms. Matthews,
herein referred to as the "grandfathered participants") will be reduced by 10
percent with respect to "Non-Tiny Technology Investments" (as defined in the
2002 Plan) and by 25 percent with respect to "Tiny Technology Investments" (as
defined in the 2002 Plan) and will become permanent. These reduced awards are
herein referred to as "grandfathered participations." The amount by which the
awards are reduced will be allocable and reallocable each year by the
Compensation Committee among current and new participants as awards under the
2002 Plan. The grandfathered participations will be honored by us whether or not
the grandfathered participant is still employed by us or is still alive (in the
event of death, the grandfathered participations will be paid to the
grandfathered participant's estate), unless the grandfathered participant is
dismissed for cause, in which case all awards, including the grandfathered
participations, will be immediately cancelled and forfeited. With regard to new
investments and follow-on investments made after the date on which the first new
employee begins participating in the 2002 Plan, both current and new
participants will be required to be employed by us at the end of a plan year in
order to participate in profit-sharing on our investments with respect to that
year.
Notwithstanding any provisions of the 2002 Plan, in no event may the
aggregate amount of all awards payable for any Plan Year during which we remain
a "business development company" within the meaning of the 1940 Act be greater
than 20 percent of our "net income after taxes" within the meaning of Section
57(n)(1)(B) of the 1940 Act. In the event the awards as calculated exceed that
amount, the awards will be reduced pro rata.
The 2002 Plan may be modified, amended or terminated by the Compensation
Committee at any time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the grandfathered
participations may not be further modified. Nothing in the 2002 Plan will
preclude the Compensation Committee from naming additional participants in the
2002 Plan or, except for grandfathered participations, changing the Award
Percentage of any Participant (subject to the overall percentage limitations
contained in the 2002 Plan). Currently, under the 2002 Plan, the distribution
amounts for non-grandfathered investments for each officer and employee are:
Charles E. Harris, 7.790 percent; Douglas W. Jamison, 3.75 percent; Daniel V.
Leff, 3.483 percent; Sandra M. Forman, 1.5 percent; Daniel B. Wolfe, 1.5
percent; Helene B. Shavin, 1.524 percent; and Jacqueline M. Matthews, 0.453
percent, which together equal 20 percent. In one case, for a former employee who
left other than due to termination for cause, any amount earned will be accrued
and may subsequently be paid to the participant.
The grandfathered participations are set forth below:
Grandfathered Participations
----------------------------------------------
Name of Officer/Employee Non-Tiny Technology (%) Tiny Technology (%)
- ------------------------ ----------------------- -------------------
Charles E. Harris 12.41100 10.34250
Mel P. Melsheimer 3.80970 3.17475
Helene B. Shavin 1.37160 1.14300
Jacqueline M. Matthews 0.40770 0.33975
TOTAL 18.00000 15.00000
68
Accordingly, an additional 2 percent of qualifying income with respect to
grandfathered Non-Tiny Technology Investments, 5 percent of qualifying income
with respect to grandfathered Tiny Technology Investments and the full 20
percent of qualifying income with respect to non-grandfathered investments are
available for allocation and reallocation from year to year. Currently, Douglas
W. Jamison, Daniel V. Leff, Sandra M. Forman and Daniel B. Wolfe are allocated
0.7329229 percent, 0.6807388 percent, 0.2931692 percent and 0.2931692 percent,
respectively, of the Non-Tiny Technology Grandfathered Participations and
1.8323072 percent, 1.701847 percent, 0.7329229 percent and 0.7329229 percent,
respectively, of the Tiny Technology Grandfathered Participations.
We perform a calculation to determine the accrual for profit-sharing. We
calculate 20 percent of qualifying income pursuant to the terms of the plan and
estimate the effect on qualifying income of selling all the portfolio
investments that are valued above cost (i.e., are in an unrealized appreciation
position). While the accrual will fluctuate as a result of changes in qualifying
income and changes in unrealized appreciation, payments are only made to the
extent that qualifying income exists. During 2003, we made no accrual for profit
sharing. At December 31, 2004, we have $311,594 accrued for profit sharing.
NOTE 4. CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS
In 1998, the Board of Directors approved that effective January 1, 1998,
50 percent of all Directors' fees be used to purchase our common stock from us.
However, effective March 1, 1999, the Board of Directors approved that Directors
may purchase our common stock in the open market, rather than from us.
Since 1998, we have repurchased a total of 1,859,047 of our shares for a
total of $3,496,388, including commissions and expenses, at an average price of
$1.88 per share. These treasury shares were reduced by the purchases made by the
Directors. On July 23, 2002, because of our strategic decision to invest in tiny
technology, the Board of Directors reaffirmed its commitment not to authorize
the purchase of additional shares of stock in the foreseeable future.
On August 1, 2002, we sold 2,634,614 shares of common stock for net
proceeds of $5,927,882; net proceeds of the offering, less offering costs of
$284,412, were $5,643,470. We have invested all of the net proceeds raised from
the offering in accordance with our investment objectives and policies.
On December 30, 2003, we sold 2,300,000 shares of common stock for net
proceeds of $17,296,000; net proceeds of the offering, less offering costs of
$664,038, were $16,631,962. From the completion of the offering through December
1, 2004, we used the net proceeds of the offering, less offering costs, to make
new investments in tiny technology as well as follow-on investments in our
existing venture capital investments, and for working capital.
In 2004, we registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the
sale of up to 7,000,000 shares of our common stock from time to time. On July 7,
2004, we sold 3,450,000 common shares for net proceeds of $36,501,000; net
proceeds of the offering, less offering costs of $372,825, were $36,128,175. We
intend to use, and have been using, the net proceeds of the offering, less
offering costs, to make new investments in tiny technology as well as follow-on
investments in our existing venture capital investments, and for working
capital. For these purposes, from December 1, 2004 through December 31, 2004, we
have used $3,875,953. An additional 3,550,000 shares may be sold at prices and
on terms to be set forth in one or more supplements to the prospectus from time
to time.
As of December 31, 2004, there are no distributable earnings. The
difference between the book basis and tax basis components of distributable
earnings is primarily attributed to Built-In Gains existing at the time of our
qualification as a RIC (see Note 6. "Income Taxes"), nondeductible deferred
compensation and net operating losses.
69
Beginning with the Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities at
December 31, 2003, additional paid-in capital and common stock warrants have
been combined and are reported as additional paid-in capital. There have been no
common stock warrants outstanding since March 2000.
NOTE 5. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Employment Agreement with CEO
On October 19, 1999, Charles E. Harris signed an Employment Agreement with
us (disclosed in a Form 8-K filed on October 27, 1999) (the "Employment
Agreement"), which superseded an employment agreement that was about to expire
on December 31, 1999. The Employment Agreement shall terminate on December 31,
2004 ("Term") subject to either an earlier termination or an extension in
accordance with the terms; on January 1, 2000 and on each day thereafter, the
Term extends automatically by one day unless at any time we or Mr. Harris, by
written notice, decide not to extend the Term, in which case the Term will
expire five years from the date of the written notice. On October 14, 2004, Mr.
Harris signed an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with us (disclosed on
Form 8-K filed on October 15, 2004) (the "Amended Employment Agreement") for the
purpose of changing the termination date to be consistent with his retirement
date under the Company's Executive Mandatory Retirement Benefit Plan. According
to the Amended Employment Agreement, Mr. Harris's employment shall not be
extended beyond December 31, 2008, unless his employment is extended pursuant to
the Executive Mandatory Retirement Benefit Plan.
During the period of employment, Mr. Harris shall serve as our Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer; be responsible for the general management of our
affairs and all our subsidiaries, reporting directly to our Board of Directors;
serve as a member of the Board for the period of which he is and shall from time
to time be elected or reelected; and serve, if elected, as our President and as
an officer and director of any subsidiary or affiliate of us.
Mr. Harris is to receive compensation under his Employment Agreement in
the form of base salary, with automatic yearly adjustments to reflect inflation,
which amounted to $229,778 for 2004. In addition, the Board may increase such
salary, and consequently decrease it, but not below the level provided for by
the automatic adjustments described above. Mr. Harris is also entitled to
participate in our Profit-Sharing Plan as well as in all compensation or
employee benefit plans or programs, and to receive all benefits, perquisites,
and emoluments for which salaried employees are eligible. Under the Employment
Agreement, we will furnish Mr. Harris with certain perquisites which include a
company car, membership in certain clubs and up to a $5,000 annual reimbursement
for personal, financial or tax advice.
The Employment Agreement provides Mr. Harris with life insurance for the
benefit of his designated beneficiaries in the amount of $2,000,000; provides
reimbursement for uninsured medical expenses, not to exceed $10,000 per annum,
adjusted for inflation, over the period of the contract; provides Mr. Harris and
his spouse with long-term care insurance; and with disability insurance in the
amount of 100 percent of his base salary. These benefits are for the term of the
Employment Agreement.
The Employment Agreement provides for us to adopt a supplemental executive
retirement plan (the "SERP") for the benefit of Mr. Harris. Under the SERP, we
will cause an amount equal to one-twelfth of Mr. Harris's current annual salary
to be credited each month (a "Monthly Credit") to a special account maintained
for this purpose on our books for the benefit of Mr. Harris (the "SERP
Account"). The amounts credited to the SERP Account will be deemed invested or
reinvested in such mutual funds or U.S. Government securities as determined by
Mr. Harris. The SERP Account will be credited and debited to reflect the deemed
investment returns, losses and expenses attributed to such deemed investments
70
and reinvestments. Mr. Harris's benefit under the SERP will equal the balance in
the SERP Account and such benefit will always be 100 percent vested (i.e., not
forfeitable). Mr. Harris will determine the form and timing of the distribution
of the balance in the SERP Account; provided, however, in the event of the
termination of his employment, the balance in the SERP Account will be
distributed to Mr. Harris or his beneficiary, as the case may be, in a lump-sum
payment within 30 days of such termination. We have established a rabbi trust
for the purpose of accumulating funds to satisfy the obligations incurred by us
under the SERP, which amount to $1,591,971 at December 31, 2004, and are
included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The restricted funds for
the SERP Account total $1,591,971 at December 31, 2004. Mr. Harris's rights to
benefits pursuant to this SERP will be no greater than those of a general
creditor of us.
The Employment Agreement provides severance pay in the event of
termination without cause or by constructive discharge and also provides for
certain death benefits payable to the surviving spouse equal to the executive's
base salary for a period of two years.
In addition, Mr. Harris is entitled to receive severance pay pursuant to
the severance compensation agreement that he entered into with us, effective
August 15, 1990. The severance compensation agreement provides that if,
following a change in our control, as defined in the agreement, his employment
is terminated by us without cause or by the executive within one year of such
change in control, he shall be entitled to receive compensation in a lump sum
payment equal to 2.99 times his average annualized compensation and payment of
other welfare benefits. If Mr. Harris's termination is without cause or is a
constructive discharge, the amount payable under the Employment Agreement will
be reduced by the amounts paid pursuant to the severance compensation agreement.
401(k) Plan
As of January 1, 1989, we adopted an employee benefits program covering
substantially all of our employees under a 401(k) Plan and Trust Agreement. As
of January 1, 1999, we adopted the Harris & Harris Pension Plan and Trust, a
money purchase plan which would allow us to stay compliant with the 401(k)
top-heavy regulations and deduction limitation regulations. In 2001, Congress
enacted the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 which has
increased the deduction limits for plans such as the 401(k) Plan. This Act
eliminates the need for us to maintain two separate plans. Effective December
31, 2001, the Pension Plan merged into the 401(k) Plan, with the 401(k) Plan
being the surviving plan. For the year ended December 31, 2004, the Compensation
Committee approved a 100 percent match. Matching contributions to the plan,
which amounted to $99,249 for the year ended December 31, 2004, are at the
discretion of the Compensation Committee.
Retirement Healthcare Benefit Plan
On June 30, 1994, we adopted a plan to provide medical and dental
insurance for retirees, their spouses and dependents who, at the time of their
retirement, have ten years of service with us and have attained 50 years of age
or have attained 45 years of age and have 15 years of service with us. On
February 10, 1997, we amended this plan to include employees who "have seven
full years of service and have attained 58 years of age." The coverage is
secondary to any government provided or subsequent employer provided health
insurance plans. The annual premium cost to us with respect to the entitled
retiree shall not exceed $12,000, subject to an index for inflation. Based upon
actuarial estimates, we provided an original reserve of $176,520 that was
charged to operations for the period ending June 30, 1994. As of December 31,
2004, we had a reserve of $613,447 for the plan. On December 8, 2003, the
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (the Act)
was signed into law. The Act introduces a prescription drug benefit under
Medicare (Medicare Part D) as well as a federal subsidy to sponsors of retiree
health care benefit plans that provide a benefit that is at least actuarially
equivalent to Medicare Part D. The Act, which goes into effect January 1, 2006,
provides a 28 percent subsidy for post-65 prescription drug benefits. Our
reserve assumes our plan is actuarially equivalent under the Act and reflects a
decrease in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation of $34,000 and a
decrease in the aggregated service and interest cost of $7,000 at the adoption
date of December 31, 2004, reflecting the prescription drug subsidy.
71
We are making the following disclosures about our plan to provide medical
and dental insurance for retirees.
Reconciliation of Accumulated
Postretirement Benefit Obligations 2004 2003 2002
- ---------------------------------- ---- ---- ----
Projected accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 525,288 $ 404,912 $ 324,100
Service cost 60,788 58,710 38,772
Interest cost 26,343 26,281 22,347
Actuarial (gain)/loss (66,329) 35,385 19,693
------------ ------------ ------------
Projected accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation at end of year $ 546,090 $ 525,288 $ 404,912
============ ============ ============
In accounting for the plan, the assumption made in 2004 for the discount
rate was six percent. The assumed health care cost trend rates in 2004 were 11
percent grading to six percent over five years for medical and three percent per
year for dental. The effect on disclosure information of a one percentage point
change in the assumed health care cost trend rate for each future year is shown
below.
1% Decrease Assumed 1% Increase
in Rates Rates in Rates
------------ ------------ ------------
Aggregated service and interest cost $ 75,955 $ 87,131 $ 98,535
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation $ 480,458 $ 546,090 $ 609,874
Executive Mandatory Retirement Benefit Plan
On March 20, 2003, in order to begin planning for eventual management
succession, the Board of Directors voted to establish the Executive Mandatory
Retirement Benefit Plan for individuals who are employed by us in a bona fide
executive or high policy making position. There are currently three such
individuals, Charles E. Harris, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,
Douglas W. Jamison, the President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial
Officer and Mel P. Melsheimer, the former President, Chief Operating Officer and
Chief Financial Officer. Under this plan, mandatory retirement will take place
effective December 31 of the year in which the eligible individuals attain the
age of 65. On an annual basis beginning in the year in which the designated
individual attains the age of 65, a committee of the Board consisting of
non-interested directors may determine to postpone the mandatory retirement date
for that individual for one additional year for our benefit.
Under applicable law prohibiting discrimination in employment on the basis
of age, we can impose a mandatory retirement age of 65 for our executives or
employees in high policy-making positions only if each employee subject to the
mandatory retirement age is entitled to an immediate retirement benefit at
retirement age of at least $44,000 per year. The benefits payable at retirement
to Mr. Harris and Mr. Melsheimer under our existing 401(k) plan do not equal
this threshold. A plan was established to provide the difference between the
benefit required under the age discrimination laws and that provided under our
existing plans. The expense to us of providing the benefit under this new plan
72
as it relates to Mr. Harris and Mr. Melsheimer is currently estimated to be
$267,426. This benefit will be unfunded, and the expense as it relates to Mr.
Melsheimer and Mr. Harris is being amortized over the fiscal periods through the
years ended December 31, 2004, and 2008, respectively. Currently, there is no
accrual for Mr. Jamison. On December 31, 2004, Mr. Melsheimer retired pursuant
to the mandatory retirement plan. He will receive an annual benefit of $22,915.
NOTE 6. INCOME TAXES
Provided that a proper election is made, a corporation taxable under
Subchapter C of the Internal Revenue Code (a "C Corporation") that elects to
qualify as a RIC continues to be taxable as a C Corporation on any gains
realized within 10 years of its qualification as a RIC (the "Inclusion Period")
from sales of assets that were held by the corporation on the effective date of
the RIC election ("C Corporation Assets"), to the extent of any gain built into
the assets on such date ("Built-In Gain"). (If the corporation fails to make a
proper election, it is taxable on its Built-In Gain as of the effective date of
its RIC election.) We had Built-In Gains at the time of our qualification as a
RIC and made the election to be taxed on any Built-In Gain realized during the
Inclusion Period. Prior to 1999, we incurred ordinary and capital losses from
operations. After our election of RIC status, those losses remained available to
be carried forward to subsequent taxable years. We have previously used loss
carryforwards to offset Built-In Gains. As of January 1, 2005, we had $501,640
of pre-1999 loss carryforwards remaining and $4,663,457 of unrealized Built-In
Gains remaining.
Continued qualification as a RIC requires us to satisfy certain investment
asset diversification requirements in future years. Our ability to satisfy those
requirements may not be controllable by us. There can be no assurance that we
will qualify as a RIC in subsequent years.
To the extent that we retain capital gains and declare a deemed dividend
to shareholders, the dividend is taxable to the shareholders. We would pay tax,
at the corporate rate, on the distribution, and the shareholders would receive a
tax credit equal to their proportionate share of the tax paid. We last took
advantage of this rule for 2001.
We pay federal, state and local taxes on behalf of our wholly owned
subsidiary, Harris & Harris Enterprises, Inc., which is taxed as a C
Corporation. In 2004, we recorded a tax benefit of $44,509 which primarily
represented an adjustment to tax expense recorded in prior years.
Included in net realized income from investments in 2004 were realized net
gains of $775,732, which consisted primarily of a realized long-term capital
gain of $1,681,259, resulting from the sale of our investment in NanoGram
Devices Corporation, offset by a realized long-term capital loss of $915,108
resulting from the sale of our shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock in
NeoPhotonics Corporation. We applied $775,732 of our capital loss carryforward
and neither owed federal income tax on the gain nor were required to distribute
any portion of this gain to shareholders. As of December 31, 2004, we have a
capital loss carryforward of $140,751 that will expire in 2011. To the extent
that these carryover losses are used to offset future capital gains, it is
probable that the gains so offset will not be distributed to shareholders
In 2003, we realized long-term capital losses of $1,000,001 from the tax
write-off of Kriton Medical, Inc. We also had net realized short-term gains of
$17,590 from the sale of U.S. Government and Agency obligations. We offset our
net realized short-term capital gains with our long-term capital losses and
neither owed federal income tax on the gain nor were required to distribute any
portion of this gain to shareholders.
73
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company's income
tax (benefit) expense was allocated as follows:
2004 2003 2002
Investment operations $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
Realized income on investments (44,509) 13,761 894,435
Increase (decrease) in unrealized
appreciation on investments 695,126 0 (695,126)
------------ ------------ ------------
Total income tax expense $ 650,617 $ 13,761 $ 199,309
============ ============ ============
The above tax expense consists of the following:
2004 2003 2002
Current $ (44,509) $ 13,761 $ 894,435
Deferred -- Federal 695,126 0 (695,126)
------------ ------------ ------------
Total income tax expense $ 650,617 $ 13,761 $ 199,309
============ ============ ============
The Company's net deferred tax liability at December 31, 2004, and 2003,
consists of the following:
2004 2003
Unrealized appreciation on investments $ 1,540,044 $ 844,918
Net operating and capital loss carryforward (175,574) (175,574)
------------ ------------
Net deferred income tax liability $ 1,364,470 $ 669,344
============ ============
NOTE 7. COMMITMENTS
During 1993, we signed a 10-year lease, for office space, that expired on
July 31, 2003. On April 17, 2003, we signed a seven-year sublease for office
space at 111 West 57th Street in New York City to replace the expired lease. On
December 17, 2004, we signed a sublease for additional office space at our
current location. The subleases expire on April 29, 2010. Total rent expense for
our office space in New York City was $130,518 for 2004. Future minimum sublease
payments in each of the following years are: 2005 -- $177,973; 2006 -- $181,427;
2007 -- $184,968; 2008 -- $188,598; 2009 -- $192,318; and thereafter, for the
remaining term -- $64,301.
NOTE 8. ASSET ACCOUNT LINE OF CREDIT
On November 19, 2001, we established an asset account line of credit. The
asset account line of credit is secured by government and government agency
securities. Currently, under the asset account line of credit, we may borrow up
to $8,000,000. The asset account line of credit may be increased to up to 95
percent of the current value of the government and government agency securities
with which we secure the line. Our outstanding balance under the asset account
line of credit at both December 31, 2004 and 2003, was $0. The asset account
line of credit bears interest at a rate of the Broker Call Rate plus 50 basis
points.
74
NOTE 9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On January 25, 2005, we assigned our investment in Agile Materials and
Technologies, Inc., to Cycad Group, LLC.
On February 1, 2005, Optiva, Inc., was shut down. Because, at December 31,
2004, we valued our investment in Optiva, Inc., at $0, our net asset value will
not be affected by this event.
On February 16, 2005, we made a $511,006 follow-on investment in a
privately held, tiny technology portfolio company.
On February 23, 2005, we made a $1,500,000 new investment in a privately
held, tiny technology company.
On March 1, 2005, we made a $250,000 follow-on investment in a privately
held, tiny technology portfolio company and a $571,329 follow-on investment in a
privately held, tiny technology portfolio company.
On March 9, 2005, we made a $500,000 follow-on investment in a privately
held, tiny technology portfolio company.
On March 14, 2005, we made a $411,741 follow-on investment in a privately
held, tiny technology portfolio company.
NOTE 10. OTHER
We have a total of $255,486 of funds in escrow as a result of the merger
of NanoGram Devices Corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Wilson
Greatbatch Technologies, Inc. The funds are being held for one year, until March
2005, in an interest-bearing escrow account to secure the indemnification
obligations of the former stockholders of NanoGram Devices Corporation. During
2004, we set up, by a charge to realized income from investments, and maintain a
reserve of 100 percent of the $255,486.
75
NOTE 11. SELECTED QUARTERLY DATA (UNAUDITED)
2004
------------------------------------------------------------------
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Total investment income $ 56,536 $ 79,231 $ 253,581 $ 248,214
Net operating loss $ 749,865 $ 774,584 $ 978,773 $ 905,557
Net increase (decrease) in net
assets resulting from operations 820,515 $ (2,237,037) $ 1,111,121 $ (1,760,713)
Net (decrease) increase in net
assets resulting from operations
per average outstanding share $ 0.06 $ (0.16) $ 0.06 $ (0.09)
2003
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
Total investment income $ 64,676 $ 50,564 $ 30,612 $ 21,933
Net operating loss $ 584,460 $ 726,989 $ 572,346 $ 679,947
Net (decrease) in net assets
resulting from operations $ (1,215,127) $ (544,709) $ (1,270,298) $ (175,136)
Net (decrease) in net
assets resulting from operations
per average outstanding share $ (0.11) $ (0.05) $ (0.11) $ (0.01)
NOTE 12.
In connection with the preparation of the Company's 2004 financial
statements, management determined there was an error in the previously reported
calculation of net decrease in net assets resulting from operations per share
for the year ended December 31, 2002. Accordingly, the Company is restating net
decrease in net assets resulting from operations per share for the year ended
December 31, 2002, increasing the amount from $.24, as previously reported to
$.27, as adjusted. The previously reported amount was calculated based upon
shares outstanding at December 31, 2002, as opposed to the average number of
shares outstanding for the year which is required pursuant to generally accepted
accounting principles.
76
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Per share operating performance
for a share outstanding throughout the year:*
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, 2004 December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
Net asset value, beginning of year $ 2.95 $ 2.37 $ 2.75
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net operating (loss) income (0.22) (0.22) (0.19)
Net realized income (loss) on investments 0.06 (0.09) 0.24
Net increase (decrease) in unrealized
appreciation (depreciation) as a
result of sales 0.06 0.09 0.13
Net increase (decrease) in unrealized
appreciation (depreciation) on
investments held (0.03) (0.06) (0.46)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total from investment operations (0.13) (0.28) (0.28)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net decrease as a result of cash dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00
Net decrease as a result of deemed
dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total distributions 0.00 0.00 0.00
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net increase (decrease) from capital
stock transactions 1.51 0.86 (0.10)
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net asset value, end of year** $ 4.33 $ 2.95 $ 2.37
================ ================ ================
Cash dividends paid per share $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00
Deemed dividend per share $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0.00
Market value per share, end of year $ 16.38 $ 11.53 $ 2.46
Total income tax liability per share $ 0.09 $ 0.06 $ 0.15
Ratio of expenses to average net assets 7.4% 9.5% 8.3%
Ratio of net operating income (loss) to
average net assets (6.3)% (8.9)% (7.3)%
Total return based on:
Stock price 42.1% 368.7% 40.5%
Net asset value 46.8% 24.5% (13.8)%
Portfolio turnover 37.2% 0% 46.00%
Net assets, end of year $ 74,744,799 $ 40,682,738 $ 27,256,046
Number of shares outstanding, end of year 17,248,845 13,798,845 11,498,845
Year Ended Year Ended
December 31, 2001 December 31, 2000
---------------- ----------------
Net asset value, beginning of year $ 3.51 $ 5.80
---------------- ----------------
Net operating (loss) income (0.06) 0.37
Net realized income (loss) on investments 0.14 2.09
Net increase (decrease) in unrealized
appreciation (depreciation) as a
result of sales 0.45 (2.35)
Net increase (decrease) in unrealized
appreciation (depreciation) on
investments held (1.30) (1.82)
---------------- ----------------
Total from investment operations (0.77) (1.71)
---------------- ----------------
Net decrease as a result of cash dividend 0.00 (0.02)
Net decrease as a result of deemed
dividend (0.03) (0.62)
---------------- ----------------
Total distributions (0.03) (0.64)
---------------- ----------------
Net increase (decrease) from capital
stock transactions 0.04 0.06
---------------- ----------------
Net asset value, end of year** $ 2.75 $ 3.51
================ ================
Cash dividends paid per share $ 0.00 $ 0.02
Deemed dividend per share $ 0.0875 $ 1.78
Market value per share, end of year $ 1.90 $ 2.4375
Total income tax liability per share $ 0.18 $ 0.78
Ratio of expenses to average net assets 3.45% (6.21)%
Ratio of net operating income (loss) to
average net assets (1.75)% 52.7%
Total return based on:
Stock price (22.1)% (78.8)%
Net asset value (21.7)% (39.5)%
Portfolio turnover 9.00% 20.56%
Net assets, end of year $ 24,334,770 $ 31,833,475
Number of shares outstanding, end of year 8,864,231 9,064,231
* Based on average shares outstanding.
** Reflects the decline in net asset value as a result of the $0.02 dividend
paid in 2000.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this schedule.
77
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure
None
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of the end of the period
covered by this report, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer
conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as required
by Rules 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "1934 Act")).
Disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an
issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by
the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the 1934 Act is
recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within time periods specified in
the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without
limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required
to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the
1934 Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management as
appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of
December 31, 2004, based upon the evaluation of our disclosure controls and
procedures and in light of the material weakness described below, our chief
executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure
controls and procedures were not effective. Because of the material weakness
discussed below, in preparing our financial statements at and for the year ended
December 31, 2004, we performed additional procedures relating to the Financial
Highlights ratios designed to ensure that such financial statements were fairly
presented in all material respects in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles.
(b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. See Management's Report on
Internal Control over Financial Reporting on page 45.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is
located on page 45, and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm, which attests to management's evaluation of the Company's internal control
over financial reporting, is located on page 47 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There have not
been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as
such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act)
during the fourth quarter of 2004 to which this report relates that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Company's internal control over financial reporting. During the first quarter of
2005, we made the changes to our internal control over financial reporting that
are described below.
(d) Remediation. As noted in Management's Report on Internal Control Over
Financial Reporting, in connection with the audit by our independent registered
accounting firm of the financial statements included in the Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 ("Annual Report"), our
auditor
78
identified an audit adjustment to an item entitled, "Total return based on:
Net asset value" in a draft of the "Financial Highlights" section.
The number in that line item in the draft reflected the Company's
percentage increase in aggregate net asset value rather than in net asset value
per share. Auditing Standard No. 2 of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board ("PCAOB") states that "identification by the auditor of a material
misstatement in the financial statements in the current period that was not
initially identified by the company's internal control over financial reporting"
is "a strong indicator of a material weakness" even if management subsequently
corrects the misstatement. Accordingly, as noted in Management's Report on
Internal Control over Financial Reporting, it is our view that the internal
controls we had in place with respect to the preparation of the Financial
Highlights ratios in this Annual Report were not sufficient to reduce to a
remote level the risk of a material misstatement.
As a result of the above material weakness, the Company has implemented,
or is in the process of implementing, the following additional measures to
improve the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting:
1. We have revised the worksheets that we use for preparing our periodic
reports to clarify how ratios in the Financial Highlights section are
calculated.
2. On March 5, 2005, we engaged an independent accounting and consulting
firm with industry experience, Eisner LLC ("Eisner") to read the financial
statements contained in the draft Annual Report and to provide financial
reporting and accounting advisory services to the Company. From March 6 through
March 10, 2005, Eisner read the financial statements and notes thereto in the
draft annual report and communicated with our management throughout the period.
3. We have mapped out a detailed sequence of reviews of our Annual and
Interim Reports that must occur rather than merely stating that additional
reviews should occur as necessary.
4. We revised our procedures so that the CFO must have determined that the
sequence of reviews has been sufficient before the financial statements may be
furnished to our external auditors for their review.
5. On March 4, 2005, we commenced the search for a permanent senior
controller. We have retained Anne M. Donoho, C.P.A., M.B.A., as a temporary,
second controller, effective Monday, March 14, 2005.
We believe that the above enhancements to our internal control over
financial reporting will better ensure the accuracy of our financial statements
in the quantitative disclosures in our periodic reports.
Item 9B. Other Information
None
79
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Company
The information set forth under the captions "Election of Directors,"
"Executive Officers" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting
Compliance" in our Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held
May 5, 2005, filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 on or about March 15, 2005 (the "2005 Proxy Statement"), is herein
incorporated by reference.
We have adopted a Code of Conduct for Directors and Employees, which also
applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and
Controller and is posted on our website at www.TinyTechVC.com.
The Board of Directors has determined that Dugald A. Fletcher is the
"Audit Committee Financial Expert" serving on our Audit Committee. Mr. Fletcher
is independent as defined under Section 2(a)19 of the Investment Company Act of
1940 and under the rules of the NASD.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information set forth under the captions "Remuneration of Chief
Executive Officer and Other Executive Officers" and "Remuneration of Directors"
in the 2005 Proxy Statement is herein incorporated by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and
Related Stockholder Matters
The information set forth under the caption "Principal Shareholders and
Ownership by Directors and Executive Officers" in the 2005 Proxy Statement is
herein incorporated by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
There were no relationships or transactions within the meaning of this
item during the year ended December 31, 2004.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information set forth under the captions "Audit Committee Report,"
"Audit Committee's Pre-Approval Policies," "Audit Fees," "Tax Fees" and "All
Other Fees" in the 2005 Proxy Statement is herein incorporated by reference.
80
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report:
(1) Listed below are the financial statements which are filed as part of
this report:
o Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities as of
December 31, 2004, and 2003;
o Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002;
o Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002;
o Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the years
ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002;
o Consolidated Schedule of Investments as of December 31, 2004;
o Footnote to Consolidated Schedule of Investments;
o Consolidated Schedule of Investments as of December 31, 2003;
o Footnote to Consolidated Schedule of Investments;
o Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements; and
o Financial Highlights for the years ended December 31, 2004,
2003, 2002, 2001, and 2000.
(2) No financial statement schedules are required to be filed herewith
because (i) such schedules are not required or (ii) the information
has been presented in the above financial statements.
(3) The following exhibits are filed with this report or are
incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing, in accordance
with Rule 12b-32 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
3.1(a) Restated Certificate of Incorporation, incorporated by reference as
Exhibit A to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration
Statement on Form N-2 dated March 22, 2004.
3.1(b) Restated By-laws, incorporated by reference as Exhibit B to
Pre-Effective Amendment No.1 to the Registration Statement on Form
N-2 filed on March 22, 2004.
4.1 Specimen certificate of common stock certificate, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit D to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the
Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed April 13, 2004.
10.1 Harris & Harris Group, Inc. Custodian Agreement with JP Morgan,
incorporated by reference as Exhibit J to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on March 22,
2004.
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10.2 Severance Compensation Agreement by and between the Company and
Charles E. Harris dated August 15, 1990, incorporated by reference
as Exhibit I (4) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the
Registration Statement on Form N-2 filed on March 22, 2004.
10.3 Form of Indemnification Agreement which has been established with
all directors and executive officers of the Company, incorporated by
reference as Exhibit I (7) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the
Registration Statement filed on March 22, 2004.
10.4 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement Between Harris & Harris
Group, Inc., and Charles E. Harris, dated October 14, 2004,
incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10 to the Company's Form 8-K
filed on October 15, 2004.
10.5* Deferred Compensation Agreement Between Harris & Harris Group, Inc.,
and Charles E. Harris.
10.6* Trust Under Harris & Harris Group, Inc. Deferred Compensation
Agreement.
10.7 Harris & Harris Group, Inc. Amended and Restated Employee
Profit-Sharing Plan, incorporated by reference as Exhibit A to the
Company's Proxy Statement for the 2002 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders filed on September 3, 2002.
10.7 Harris & Harris Group, Inc. Directors Stock Purchase Plan 2001.
10.8 Harris & Harris Group, Inc. Executive Mandatory Retirement Plan
incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2003.
10.9 Amendment No. 1 to Deferred Compensation Agreement incorporated by
reference as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended March 31, 2003.
10.10 Amendment No. 2 to Deferred Compensation Agreement incorporated by
reference as Exhibit 10 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on October
15, 2004.
11.0 Computation of Per Share Earnings is set forth under Item 8.
14. Code of Conduct for Directors and Employees of Harris & Harris
Group, Inc., incorporated by reference as Exhibit 14 to the
Company's Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2004.
21. Subsidiaries of the Registrant is set forth under Item 1.
31.01* Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
31.02* Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
32.01* Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
- -------------
*filed herewith
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
HARRIS & HARRIS GROUP, INC.
Date: March 15, 2005 By:/s/ Charles E. Harris
------------------------
Charles E. Harris
Chairman of the Board
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company
and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signatures Title Date
---------- ----- ----
/s/ Charles E. Harris Chairman of the Board March 15, 2005
---------------------- and Chief Executive Officer
Charles E. Harris
/s/ Douglas W. Jamison President, Chief Operating March 15, 2005
---------------------- Officer, and Chief Financial Officer
Douglas W. Jamison
/s/ Helene B. Shavin Vice President and Controller March 15, 2005
----------------------
Helene B. Shavin
Director March 15, 2005
----------------------
C. Wayne Bardin
/s/ Phillip A. Bauman Director March 15, 2005
----------------------
Phillip A. Bauman
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/s/ G. Morgan Browne Director March 15, 2005
----------------------------
G. Morgan Browne
/s/ Dugald A. Fletcher Director March 15, 2005
----------------------------
Dugald A. Fletcher
/s/ Dr. Kelly S. Kirkpatrick Director March 15, 2005
----------------------------
Dr. Kelly S. Kirkpatrick
/s/ Mark A. Parsells Director March 15, 2005
----------------------------
Mark A. Parsells
/s/ Lori D. Pressman Director March 15, 2005
----------------------------
Lori D. Pressman
/s/ Charles E. Ramsey Director March 15, 2005
----------------------------
Charles E. Ramsey
/s/ James E. Roberts Director March 15, 2005
----------------------------
James E. Roberts
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EXHIBIT INDEX
The following exhibits are filed with this report in accordance with Rule
12b-32 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Exhibit
No. Description
10.5 Deferred Compensation Agreement Between Harris & Harris Group, Inc.,
and Charles E. Harris.
10.6 Trust Under Harris & Harris Group, Inc. Deferred Compensation
Agreement.
31.1 Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
32.1 Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
85