UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(MARK ONE)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For The Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2005 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 001-31825
The First Marblehead Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware |
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04-3295311 |
(State or
Other Jurisdiction of |
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(I.R.S. Employer |
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The Prudential Tower |
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02199-8157 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
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(Zip Code) |
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Registrants telephone number, including area code: (617) 638-2000 |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No ý
As of April 30, 2005, the registrant had 66,113,757 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.
THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Table of Contents
2
THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
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March 31, |
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June 30, |
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ASSETS |
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Cash and other short-term investments |
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$ |
218,467 |
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$ |
168,712 |
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Service receivables: |
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Structural advisory fees |
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42,767 |
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34,334 |
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Residuals |
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210,332 |
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108,495 |
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Processing fees from The Education Resources Institute (TERI) |
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8,358 |
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6,052 |
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261,457 |
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148,881 |
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Property and equipment |
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42,810 |
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15,146 |
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Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
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(8,874 |
) |
(4,315 |
) |
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Property and equipment, net |
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33,936 |
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10,831 |
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Goodwill |
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3,176 |
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3,176 |
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Intangible assets, net |
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2,776 |
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3,180 |
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Prepaid income taxes |
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17,115 |
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20,267 |
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Other prepaid expenses |
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3,281 |
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2,763 |
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Other assets |
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3,466 |
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2,246 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
543,674 |
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$ |
360,056 |
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
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Liabilities: |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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$ |
29,425 |
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$ |
26,285 |
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Net deferred income tax liability |
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70,416 |
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40,138 |
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Notes payable and capital lease obligations |
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7,452 |
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9,179 |
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Notes payable to TERI |
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5,474 |
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6,004 |
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Other liabilities |
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801 |
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314 |
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Total liabilities |
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113,568 |
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81,920 |
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Commitments and contingencies |
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Stockholders equity: |
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Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding |
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Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 150,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004, respectively; 66,113,757 and 63,975,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004, respectively |
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661 |
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640 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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202,516 |
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163,572 |
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Retained earnings |
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230,541 |
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113,924 |
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Deferred compensation |
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(3,612 |
) |
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Total stockholders equity |
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430,106 |
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278,136 |
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||
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
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$ |
543,674 |
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$ |
360,056 |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
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Three months ended |
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Nine months ended |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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Service revenue: |
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Structural advisory fees |
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$ |
62,942 |
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$ |
484 |
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$ |
138,733 |
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$ |
39,184 |
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Residuals |
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35,153 |
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2,253 |
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101,836 |
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34,790 |
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Processing fees from TERI |
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20,610 |
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7,933 |
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54,547 |
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22,917 |
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Administrative and other fees |
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829 |
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457 |
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2,660 |
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1,228 |
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|||||
Total service revenue |
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119,534 |
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11,127 |
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297,776 |
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98,119 |
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Operating expenses: |
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Compensation and benefits |
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17,322 |
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8,835 |
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47,523 |
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25,503 |
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|||||
General and administrative expenses |
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20,391 |
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8,414 |
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51,702 |
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22,423 |
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Total operating expenses |
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37,713 |
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17,249 |
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99,225 |
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47,926 |
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Income (loss) from operations |
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81,821 |
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(6,122 |
) |
198,551 |
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50,193 |
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Other (income) expense: |
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Interest expense |
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131 |
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225 |
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366 |
|
476 |
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|||||
Interest income |
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(1,177 |
) |
(303 |
) |
(2,532 |
) |
(497 |
) |
|||||
Net interest income |
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(1,046 |
) |
(78 |
) |
(2,166 |
) |
(21 |
) |
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Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) |
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82,867 |
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(6,044 |
) |
200,717 |
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50,214 |
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Income tax expense (benefit) |
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35,429 |
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(2,478 |
) |
84,100 |
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20,219 |
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Net income (loss) |
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$ |
47,438 |
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$ |
(3,566 |
) |
$ |
116,617 |
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$ |
29,995 |
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Net income (loss) per share, basic |
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$ |
0.72 |
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$ |
(0.06 |
) |
$ |
1.80 |
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$ |
0.52 |
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Net income (loss) per share, diluted |
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0.71 |
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(0.06 |
) |
1.74 |
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0.47 |
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Weighted average shares outstanding, basic |
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65,684 |
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61,856 |
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64,871 |
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58,075 |
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Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted |
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67,216 |
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61,856 |
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66,937 |
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63,441 |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
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Common |
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Additional |
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Retained
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Deferred
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Total |
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|||||
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Balances at June 30, 2004 |
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$ |
640 |
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$ |
163,572 |
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$ |
113,924 |
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$ |
|
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$ |
278,136 |
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Options exercised |
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21 |
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3,653 |
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3,674 |
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Stock purchases through employee stock purchase plan |
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|
899 |
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|
899 |
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Tax benefit from employee stock options |
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30,448 |
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30,448 |
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Grants of restricted stock units |
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3,944 |
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(3,944 |
) |
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Amortization of deferred compensation |
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332 |
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332 |
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Net income |
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116,617 |
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116,617 |
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Balances at March 31, 2005 |
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$ |
661 |
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$ |
202,516 |
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$ |
230,541 |
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$ |
(3,612 |
) |
$ |
430,106 |
|
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
|
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Nine months ended |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income |
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$ |
116,617 |
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$ |
29,995 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |
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|
|
|
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Depreciation and amortization |
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5,524 |
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2,264 |
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Deferred income tax expense |
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30,278 |
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13,866 |
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Tax benefit from employee stock options |
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30,448 |
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|
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Stock-based compensation |
|
332 |
|
1,642 |
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Change in assets/liabilities: |
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|
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(Increase) in structural advisory fees |
|
(8,433 |
) |
(14,684 |
) |
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(Increase) in residuals |
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(101,837 |
) |
(34,790 |
) |
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(Increase) in processing fees from TERI |
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(2,306 |
) |
(437 |
) |
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Decrease in prepaid income taxes |
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3,152 |
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|
|
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(Increase) in other prepaid expenses |
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(518 |
) |
(876 |
) |
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(Increase) in other assets |
|
(1,220 |
) |
(322 |
) |
||
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses, and other liabilities |
|
3,627 |
|
(6,621 |
) |
||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
|
75,664 |
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(9,963 |
) |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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|
|
|
|
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Purchases of property and equipment |
|
(21,548 |
) |
(3,831 |
) |
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Payments to TERI for loan database updates |
|
(561 |
) |
(561 |
) |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
|
(22,109 |
) |
(4,392 |
) |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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|
|
|
|
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Repayment of notes payable and capital lease obligations |
|
(7,843 |
) |
|
|
||
Repayment of notes payable to TERI |
|
(530 |
) |
(499 |
) |
||
Proceeds from note payable |
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|
|
7,000 |
|
||
Net proceeds from initial public offering |
|
|
|
115,107 |
|
||
Issuances of common stock for benefit plans |
|
4,573 |
|
780 |
|
||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
|
(3,800 |
) |
122,388 |
|
||
Net increase in cash and other short-term investments |
|
49,755 |
|
108,033 |
|
||
Cash and other short-term investments, beginning of period |
|
168,712 |
|
18,327 |
|
||
Cash and other short-term investments, end of period |
|
$ |
218,467 |
|
$ |
126,360 |
|
|
|
|
|
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Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |
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|
|
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Interest paid |
|
$ |
616 |
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$ |
351 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Income taxes paid, net |
|
$ |
20,221 |
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$ |
17,849 |
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|
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Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities: |
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Acquisition of property and equipment through capital leases |
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$ |
6,116 |
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$ |
|
|
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
The First Marblehead Corporation (FMC, and together with its subsidiaries, the Company), which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on August 13, 1994, provides outsourcing services for private education lending in the United States. The Company helps meet the growing demand for private education loans by providing national and regional financial institutions and educational institutions, as well as businesses and other enterprises, with an integrated suite of services for designing and implementing student loan programs for their respective customers, students, employees and members. The Company focuses primarily on loan programs for undergraduate, graduate and professional education, and, to a lesser degree, on the primary and secondary school market. The Company is entitled to receive structural advisory fees and residuals for its services in connection with securitizations of loans generated by the loan programs that it facilitates. The Company also receives fees for administrative services that it provides to the discrete bankruptcy remote, special purpose trusts that the Company forms for securitizations it facilitates.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire fiscal year. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended June 30, 2004 included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 15, 2004. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.
Student Loan Market Seasonality and Revenue Related to Securitization Transactions
Origination of student loans is generally subject to seasonal trends, with the volume of loan applications increasing with the approach of tuition payment dates. In general, the Company processes the greatest application volume during the summer months, as students and their families seek to borrow money in order to pay tuition costs for the fall semester or the entire school year. The Company also tends to process an increased volume of loan applications during December and January, as students and their families seek to borrow money to pay tuition costs for the spring semester. This seasonality of loan originations impacts the amount of processing fees from TERI that the Company earns in a particular quarter.
The Company did not conduct a securitization transaction during the first quarter of either fiscal 2005 or fiscal 2004. The Company closed one securitization transaction in the second quarter, and two securitization transactions in the fourth quarter, of fiscal 2004. The Company closed one securitization transaction in the second quarter, and one securitization transaction in the third quarter, of fiscal 2005. The Company expects to close two securitization transactions in the fourth quarter of the current fiscal year.
Concentrations
TERI
The Education Resources Institute, Inc. (TERI) is a private, not-for-profit Massachusetts corporation as described under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Incorporated in 1985, TERI is the oldest and largest guarantor of alternative, or private, student loans. In its role as guarantor in the private education lending market, TERI agrees to reimburse lenders for unpaid principal and interest on defaulted loans. TERI is the exclusive third-party provider of borrower default guarantees for the Companys clients private student loans. As of March 31, 2005, TERI had a Baa3 counterparty rating from Moodys Investors Service, which is the lowest investment grade rating, and an insurer financial strength rating of A+ from Fitch Ratings. If these ratings are lowered, FMCs clients may not wish to enter into guarantee arrangements with TERI. In addition, FMC may receive lower structural advisory fees because the costs of obtaining financial guarantee insurance or structuring other credit enhancements in the asset-backed securitizations could increase.
7
PHEAA
As of March 31, 2005, there were nine TERI-approved loan servicers to service new loan facilitation volume. As of March 31, 2005, Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency (PHEAA) serviced a majority of the loans for which the Company facilitated origination. The Companys use of third-party loan servicers allows the Company to increase the volume of loans in its clients loan programs without incurring the overhead investment in servicing operations. As with any external service provider, there are risks associated with inadequate or untimely services. In addition, if the Companys relationship with PHEAA terminates, the Company would either need to expand or develop a relationship with another TERI-approved loan servicer, which could be time-consuming and costly.
Significant Customers
During the three and nine month periods ended March 31, 2005, processing fees from TERI represented approximately 17% and 18%, respectively, of total service revenue. Securitization-related fees from the National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2005-1 (NCSLT 2005-1) and National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2004-2 (NCSLT 2004-2) represented approximately 31% and 45%, respectively, of total service revenue for the first nine months of fiscal 2005. Securitization-related fees from NCSLT 2005-1 represented approximately 81% of total service revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005. NCSLT 2005-1 and NCSLT 2004-2 purchased approximately 93% of its private student loans from JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as successor by merger to Bank One N.A., Bank of America N.A. and Charter One Bank N.A. The Company did not recognize more than 10% of total service revenue from any other customer.
Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of the Companys consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors, and actual results may differ from these estimates under varying assumptions or conditions. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, particularly as they relate to accounting policies that the Company believes are most important to the portrayal of the Companys financial condition and results of operations, such as its accounting policies involving the recognition and valuation of the Companys securitization-related service revenue, and with respect to the determination of whether or not to consolidate the securitization trusts that it facilitates. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsApplication of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.
Cash and Other Short-term Investments
Cash and other short-term investments at March 31, 2005 include $192.4 million held in a money market fund that invests in short-term obligations of the U.S. Treasury and repurchase agreements fully collateralized by obligations of the U.S. Treasury. Included in cash and other short-term investments are compensating balances of $17.7 million and $10.0 million at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004, respectively, supporting various financing arrangements.
Income Taxes
In determining a quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate which is based on its expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to it in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. The Companys estimated annual effective tax rate also includes its best estimate of the ultimate outcome of tax audits. The Company has a net deferred income tax liability because, under GAAP, it recognizes residuals in book income earlier than they are recognized for tax purposes.
(2) Stock Options
The Company uses the intrinsic value method to account for stock options and provides pro forma net earnings disclosures as if the fair-value-based method had been applied.
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the stock options is amortized to expense over the vesting period of the options. The Companys consolidated pro forma net income and net income per share for the three and nine month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, had the Company elected to recognize compensation expense for the granting of options under SFAS No. 123 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, are as follows:
8
|
|
Three months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
|
||||
Net income (loss) as reported |
|
$ |
47,438 |
|
$ |
(3,566 |
) |
Add: Total stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income (loss), net of tax |
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
|
Less: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair-value-based method for all awards, net of tax |
|
(239 |
) |
(94 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income (loss) pro forma |
|
$ |
47,311 |
|
$ |
(3,660 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income (loss) per sharebasicas reported |
|
$ |
0.72 |
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
Net income (loss) per sharebasicpro forma |
|
$ |
0.72 |
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
Net income (loss) per sharedilutedas reported |
|
$ |
0.71 |
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
Net income (loss) per sharedilutedpro forma |
|
$ |
0.70 |
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
|
|
Nine months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
|
||||
Net incomeas reported |
|
$ |
116,617 |
|
$ |
29,995 |
|
Add: Total stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of tax |
|
|
193 |
|
|
981 |
|
Less: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair-value-based method for all awards, net of tax |
|
(1,084 |
) |
(1,426 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net incomepro forma |
|
$ |
115,726 |
|
$ |
29,550 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income per sharebasicas reported |
|
$ |
1.80 |
|
$ |
0.52 |
|
Net income per sharebasicpro forma |
|
$ |
1.78 |
|
$ |
0.51 |
|
Net income per sharedilutedas reported |
|
$ |
1.74 |
|
$ |
0.47 |
|
Net income per sharedilutedpro forma |
|
$ |
1.73 |
|
$ |
0.47 |
|
(3) Service Receivables
Structural advisory fees and residuals receivables represent the present value of future cash flows of additional structural advisory fees and residuals expected to be collected over the life of the student loans, net of prepayment, default, recovery and cost of funding estimates. The fees are paid to the Company from the various separate securitization trusts established by The National Collegiate Trust (NCT trusts), and from The National Collegiate Master Student Loan Trust I (NCMSLT), The National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2003-1 (NCSLT 2003), The National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2004-1 (NCSLT 2004-1), NCSLT 2004-2 and NCSLT 2005-1. Processing fees receivable from TERI represents amounts due from TERI for expenses incurred by First Marblehead Education Resources, Inc. (FMER), a wholly owned subsidiary of FMC, on TERIs behalf.
The Company, on a quarterly basis, updates its estimate of the present value of its structural advisory fees and residuals receivables to reflect the passage of time, any change in discount rates used to estimate their present value, and any changes to the trust performance metrics that the Company considers in its present value estimates, such as default, recovery, prepayment and forward London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) rates.
The Company made no changes in its assumptions regarding default rates, prepayment rates and recovery rates during the first nine months of either fiscal 2005 or 2004 for any of the securitization trusts it has established.
The Company uses an implied forward LIBOR curve to estimate trust cash flows. During the nine months ended March 31, 2005, the implied forward LIBOR curve flattened. This flattening of the LIBOR curve increased the estimated fair value of the structural advisory fees receivable during the nine months ended March 31, 2005. The flattening of the curve improved the net excess spread between the trust assets and liabilities, resulting in an increase in the estimated fair
9
value of residuals receivable during the period. During the nine months ended March 31, 2004, the rates along the implied forward LIBOR curve increased. These increases in rates resulted in an increase in the average life of the underlying trust assets, thereby having the effect of increasing the estimated fair value of the structural advisory fees and residuals receivables during the period.
The Company bases the discount rate that it uses to calculate the present value of its additional structural advisory fees on the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 200 basis points. From July 1, 2004 to March 31, 2005, this rate decreased by 7 basis points from 6.58% to 6.51%. From July 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004, this rate increased by 51 basis points from 5.33% to 5.84%. A decrease in the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate has the effect of increasing the estimated fair value of the Companys structural advisory fees receivable, while an increase in the rate has the opposite effect on the Companys estimate of their fair value. In determining an appropriate discount rate for valuing residuals, we review the rates used by student loan securitizers, as well as rates used in the much broader asset-backed securities (ABS) market. We believe that the 12% discount rate we use is appropriate given the expected 24-year life of the trust assets and residuals.
The following table summarizes the changes in the structural advisory fees receivable for the nine month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
|
Nine months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||
Fair value of structural advisory fees at beginning of period |
|
$ |
24,084 |
(1) |
$ |
10,785 |
|
Additions from structuring new securitizations |
|
17,901 |
|
5,925 |
|
||
Fair value adjustments |
|
782 |
|
259 |
|
||
Fair value of structural advisory fees at end of period |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
16,969 |
(1) |
(1) Excludes additional up-front structural advisory fees received in July 2004 related to the December 2003 securitization transaction. See Note 7(c) for additional information.
The following table summarizes the changes in the residuals receivable for the nine month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
|
Nine months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||
Fair value of residuals at beginning of period |
|
$ |
108,495 |
|
$ |
43,600 |
|
Additions from structuring new securitizations |
|
88,402 |
|
29,730 |
|
||
Fair value adjustments |
|
13,435 |
|
5,060 |
|
||
Fair value of residuals at end of period |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
78,390 |
|
The effect on the fair value of the structural advisory fees and residuals receivables based on variations of 10% or 20%, except for the forward LIBOR rates, which are based on variations of 1% and 2% from the forward LIBOR rates at March 31, 2005, and, for residuals only, changes in the assumed spread between one month LIBOR rates and the auction rates which are based on .05% and .10% changes, from the assumed levels for each key assumption are as follows:
(dollars in thousands)
Structural advisory fees receivables, March 31, 2005 |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Default rate |
|
|
|
Default rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
$ |
(214 |
) |
-10% |
|
$ |
214 |
|
+20% |
|
(429 |
) |
-20% |
|
427 |
|
||
Default recovery rate |
|
|
|
Default recovery rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
|
|
-10% |
|
(130 |
) |
||
+20% |
|
142 |
|
-20% |
|
(130 |
) |
||
Prepayment rate |
|
|
|
Prepayment rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
(1,074 |
) |
-10% |
|
1,131 |
|
||
+20% |
|
(2,092 |
) |
-20% |
|
2,322 |
|
||
Discount rate |
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
(1,642 |
) |
-10% |
|
1,728 |
|
||
+20% |
|
(3,207 |
) |
-20% |
|
3,549 |
|
||
Forward LIBOR rates |
|
|
|
Forward LIBOR rates |
|
|
|
||
+1% |
|
1,382 |
|
-1% |
|
(1,489 |
) |
||
+2% |
|
2,930 |
|
-2% |
|
(2,883 |
) |
||
10
(dollars in thousands)
Residuals receivables, March 31, 2005 |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Default rate |
|
|
|
Default rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
$ |
(1,937 |
) |
- 10% |
|
$ |
1,274 |
|
+20% |
|
(5,616 |
) |
- 20% |
|
2,466 |
|
||
Default recovery rate |
|
|
|
Default recovery rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
462 |
|
- 10% |
|
(529 |
) |
||
+20% |
|
531 |
|
- 20% |
|
(1,280 |
) |
||
Prepayment rate |
|
|
|
Prepayment rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
(9,902 |
) |
- 10% |
|
10,370 |
|
||
+20% |
|
(19,349 |
) |
- 20% |
|
21,253 |
|
||
Discount rate |
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
|
||
+10% |
|
(18,901 |
) |
- 10% |
|
21,145 |
|
||
+20% |
|
(35,730 |
) |
- 20% |
|
44,907 |
|
||
Forward LIBOR rates |
|
|
|
Forward LIBOR rates |
|
|
|
||
+1% |
|
8,521 |
|
- 1% |
|
|
(8,647 |
) |
|
+2% |
|
16,846 |
|
- 2% |
|
(17,284 |
) |
||
Change in assumed spread between LIBOR and auction rate |
|
|
|
Change in assumed spread between LIBOR and auction rate |
|
|
|
||
+.05% |
|
(1,841 |
) |
-.05% |
|
1,842 |
|
||
+.10% |
|
(3,681 |
) |
-.10% |
|
3,685 |
|
(4) Related Party Transaction
At March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004, the Company had invested $192.4 million and $145.2 million, respectively, of cash and other short-term investments in a money market fund. The investment advisor for this fund is Milestone Capital Management (MCM), an institutional money management firm. At the time of this filing members of the immediate family of one of the Companys directors own approximately 65% of MCMs outstanding equity. This money market fund held total assets of $2.0 billion and $2.3 billion at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004, respectively.
(5) Borrowings from Related Parties
(a) Line of Credit
The Company entered into a $975,000 revolving line of credit with a bank effective April 24, 2002. The line of credit matured on April 24, 2003 and was renewed through December 31, 2003 subject to the same terms and conditions, with interest payable at the greater of 6% or 1% above the highest published Wall Street Journal prime rate. The terms of the line of credit required that: the Company maintain accurate books and records; the assets be free of all liens, encumbrances and financing not approved by the lender; and when there was a balance outstanding under the line, no dividends or payments of principal and interest on any loans held by any guarantor, officer, director or stockholder could be made. A member of the board of directors of the Company is also a director and significant stockholder of a company that owns the bank. The Company believes that the line of credit was on substantially the same terms as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with third parties. The Company did not renew this credit facility upon expiration. The Company had no amounts outstanding under this line of credit at June 30, 2003 or any time thereafter.
(b) Notes Payable to TERI
In connection with the Companys acquisition of TERIs loan processing operations in June 2001, the Company entered into a note payable agreement with TERI on June 20, 2001, amounting to $3.9 million, $2.0 million of which related to the acquisition of TERIs software and network assets and $1.9 million of which related to the Companys acquisition of a workforce-in-place. Principal and interest at an annual rate of 6% are payable in
11
120 monthly installments of $43,298 commencing on July 20, 2001 and ending on June 20, 2011. The note payable is secured by the software and network assets. The outstanding balance of this note payable at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004 amounted to $2.7 million and $3.0 million, respectively.
The Company also entered into a second note payable with TERI on June 20, 2001, amounting to $4.0 million, to fund the Companys acquisition of TERIs loan database in June 2001. Principal and interest at an annual rate of 6% are payable in 120 monthly installments of $44,408 commencing on July 20, 2001 and ending on June 20, 2011. The note payable is secured by the loan database. The outstanding balance of this note payable was approximately $2.8 and $3.0 million at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004, respectively.
(6) Other Borrowings
(a) Revolving Line of Credit
On August 28, 2003, the Company entered into an agreement with Fleet National Bank to establish a revolving line of credit in the amount of $10 million, which includes a sub-limit for letters of credit. Fleet National Bank was subsequently acquired by Bank of America, and our agreement has been assigned to Bank of America. The revolving credit facility matures on August 28, 2005, with interest currently payable, at the Companys option, at the banks prime rate or LIBOR plus 2%. The revolving credit line contains financial covenants, including minimum trailing 12-month up-front structural advisory fees, minimum tangible net worth, maximum liabilities to net worth ratios and minimum cash flow to debt service ratios, as well as certain financial reporting covenants. This agreement restricts the Companys ability to pay cash dividends in the event it is in default. No amounts were outstanding under this revolving line of credit at March 31, 2005 or June 30, 2004. Borrowings, if any, under the revolving credit facility will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. Bank of America has also issued on the Companys behalf a letter of credit in the amount of $0.5 million in lieu of security deposits for the lease of office space. Third party beneficiaries have not drawn upon this letter of credit, which reduces the amount the Company may borrow under the revolving credit facility.
(b) Equipment Financing Lease
In January 2005, the Company entered into an equipment financing lease agreement which will be used to finance the purchases of furniture and equipment. The agreement allows the Company to finance up to $20 million of furniture and equipment purchased before December 30, 2005. The Company expects to repay amounts drawn down from the lease in terms ranging from three to five years. As of March 31, 2005, the Company had $5.1 million outstanding under this equipment line of credit. Interest expense on amounts outstanding will accrue at annual rates ranging from 3.4% to 4.0%.
(c) Note Payable Related to December 2003 Securitization
In December 2003, the Company received $7.0 million upon the issuance of a $7.25 million note to the lead underwriter of the Companys December 2003 securitization transaction. The Company agreed to repay this note with the first $7.25 million of the up-front structural advisory fee that it received in July 2004 in connection with the December 2003 securitization. This July 2004 up-front structural advisory fee payment was in addition to the $24.5 million up-front structural advisory fee payment received at the time of the December 2003 securitization transaction and, at December 31, 2003, was estimated to be $8.5 million. Because the performance of the trust created by the December 2003 securitization transaction during its first six months was better than anticipated at December 31, 2003, the Company received an additional $1.75 million in July 2004 resulting in a total second up-front structural advisory fee payment of $10.25 million. The note was further collateralized by the first $6.3 million of residual cash flow from the December 2003 securitization as well as $700,000 of restricted cash. The note was paid in full in July 2004.
(7) Stockholders Equity
Initial Public Offering
In November 2003, an aggregate of 14,375,000 shares of the Companys common stock were sold in an initial public offering at a price of $16.00 per share, including:
7,906,250 shares sold by the Company; and
6,468,750 shares sold by the Companys selling stockholders.
Net proceeds of the initial public offering to the Company, after underwriting discounts and offering expenses, were approximately $115.1 million. The Company did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.
Follow-on Offerings
In June 2004, an aggregate of 7,406,312 shares of the Companys common stock were sold in a follow-on public offering at a price of $36.50 per share. The Company did not sell any shares in this offering and therefore did not receive any proceeds from the sale of stock. Immediately prior to the follow-on offering, employees participating in the offering exercised options to purchase 2,044,390 shares of common stock which were then sold in the offering. The Company received approximately $3.0 million in the
12
aggregate in payment of the exercise prices for these options. The Company incurred approximately $1.0 million in offering costs related to this offering, which were recorded as general and administrative expenses during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004.
In January 2005, an aggregate of 3,933,605 shares of the Companys common stock were sold in a follow-on public offering at a price of $57.40 per share. The Company did not sell any shares in this offering and therefore did not receive any proceeds from the sale of stock. Immediately prior to the follow-on offering, an employee participating in the offering exercised an option to purchase 1,012,980 shares of common stock which were then sold in the offering. The Company received approximately $1.9 million in payment of the exercise price for this option. The Company incurred approximately $0.3 million in offering costs related to this offering, which were recorded as general and administrative expenses during the second and third quarter of fiscal 2005.
Equity Transactions
A former executive officer of the Company had an agreement with two principal stockholders of the Company relating to shares of common stock of the Company owned by these stockholders. Pursuant to this agreement, the former executive officer earned non-cash compensation of approximately $1.6 million during the first quarter of fiscal 2004. On September 30, 2003, the agreement was terminated in exchange for vested options issued by these two principal stockholders.
Authorized Shares
On August 10, 2004, the Board of Directors approved, and on November 18, 2004 the Companys stockholders approved, an increase in the total number of authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 to 150,000,000. Also, see Stock Splits below.
2002 Director Stock Plan
In September 2002, the Board of Directors approved, and in August 2003, the Companys stockholders approved, the 2002 Director Stock Plan and reserved 200,000 shares of common stock for issuance to the Companys non-employee directors. As of March 31, 2005, options to purchase 64,000 shares of common stock have been issued under this plan.
2003 Stock Incentive Plan
In September 2003, the Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan and reserved 1,200,000 shares of common stock for issuance under this plan. As of March 31, 2005, 79,000 restricted stock units have been granted under this plan.
Stock Splits
In August 2003, the stockholders approved a 10-for-1 stock split which became effective on August 25, 2003. In October 2003, the Board of Directors approved a 4-for-1 stock split to be effected as a stock dividend immediately prior to the Companys initial public offering. On October 29, 2003, the stockholders became entitled to payment of such stock dividend. All prior period share data have been retroactively adjusted to reflect these stock splits.
Share Repurchase Program
On April 29, 2005, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of the Companys common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The Company has engaged Goldman, Sachs & Co. to administer the repurchase program, which is funded using its working capital. As of April 29, 2005, the Company had begun to repurchase shares pursuant to the repurchase program.
2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In October 2003, the Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Stock Purchase Plan). A total of 400,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under this plan. The Stock Purchase Plan permits eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or at the end of each six-month offering period. Employees who own 5% or more of the Companys common stock are not eligible to participate in the Stock Purchase Plan. Participation is voluntary. During July 2004 and January 2005, a total of 40,499 and 10,050 shares, respectively, were issued under the Stock Purchase Plan.
13
The following table sets forth our computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of the Companys stock:
|
|
Three
months ended |
|
Nine
months ended |
|
||||||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||||
|
|
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) |
|
$ |
47,438 |
|
$ |
(3,566 |
) |
$ |
116,617 |
|
$ |
29,995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Shares used in computing net income per common share basic |
|
65,684 |
|
61,856 |
|
64,871 |
|
58,075 |
|
||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Stock options |
|
1,519 |
|
|
|
2,063 |
|
5,366 |
|
||||
Restricted stock units |
|
13 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Dilutive potential common shares |
|
1,532 |
|
|
|
2,066 |
|
5,366 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Shares used in computing net income per common share diluted |
|
67,216 |
|
61,856 |
|
66,937 |
|
63,441 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) per common share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Basic |
|
$ |
0.72 |
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
$ |
1.80 |
|
$ |
0.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Diluted |
|
$ |
0.71 |
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
$ |
1.74 |
|
$ |
0.47 |
|
(9) Pension Plan
FMER has a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan that covers substantially all FMER employees. During the second quarter of fiscal 2005, the Company recorded a net curtailment gain of $655,000 as the benefits under the plan were frozen. The following table sets forth the amounts recognized related to FMERs defined benefit pension plan in the Companys condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
|
Three months ended |
|
Nine months ended |
|
||||||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||||||
Components of net periodic pension cost: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Service cost |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
149 |
|
$ |
315 |
|
$ |
447 |
|
Interest on projected benefit obligations |
|
40 |
|
53 |
|
163 |
|
158 |
|
||||
Loss recognized |
|
|
|
17 |
|
18 |
|
52 |
|
||||
Expected return on plan assets |
|
(50 |
) |
(34 |
) |
(134 |
) |
(103 |
) |
||||
Net periodic pension (gain) cost before curtailment |
|
(10 |
) |
185 |
|
362 |
|
554 |
|
||||
Curtailment gain |
|
|
|
|
|
(655 |
) |
|
|
||||
Net periodic pension (gain) cost |
|
$ |
(10 |
) |
$ |
185 |
|
$ |
(293 |
) |
$ |
554 |
|
Employer Contributions
During the nine months ended March 31, 2005, the Company made contributions of $312,000 to FMERs defined benefit pension plan. The Company does not expect to make any additional contributions during the remainder of fiscal 2005.
(10) New Accounting Pronouncements
On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Statement No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (Statement 123R), which is a revision of FASB Statement No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Statement 123R supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends FASB Statement No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. Statement 123R requires an entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, including stock options and restricted stock units, based on the grant-date fair value of the award, with limited exceptions. That cost will be recognized over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which is typically the vesting period. Statement 123R eliminates the alternative to use Opinion 25s intrinsic value method of accounting for stock options that was provided in Statement 123 as originally issued.
The Company expects to adopt Statement 123R on July 1, 2005. Statement 123R permits public companies to adopt its requirements using one of two methods:
1. A modified prospective method in which compensation cost is recognized beginning with the effective date (a) based on the requirements of Statement 123R for all share-based payments granted after the effective date and (b) based on the requirements of Statement 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to the effective date of Statement 123R that remain unvested on the effective date.
2. A modified retrospective method which includes the requirements of the modified prospective method described above, but also permits entities to restate their previously issued financial statements to include in their income
14
statement amounts previously recognized under Statement 123 for purposes of pro forma disclosures for either (a) all prior periods presented or (b) prior interim periods of the year of adoption.
The Company plans to adopt Statement 123R using the modified prospective method.
As permitted by Statement 123, the Company currently accounts for share-based payments to employees using Opinion 25s intrinsic value method and, as such, generally recognizes no compensation cost for employee stock options. The adoption of Statement 123Rs fair-value method will impact the Companys results of operations, although the impact of adoption of Statement 123R cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend on levels of share-based payments granted in the future. However, had the Company adopted Statement 123R in prior periods, the impact of that standard would have had approximately the same impact as Statement 123, as described in the disclosure of pro forma net income and earnings per share in Note 2 to these financial statements. Statement 123R also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required under current literature. This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. While the Company cannot estimate what the impact on the cash flow statement will be in the future (because they depend on, among other things, when employees exercise stock options and the amount of expense recognized related to the value of stock options), the amount of operating cash flows recognized in prior periods for such excess tax deductions were $30.4 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2005 and $29.9 million during the year ended June 30, 2004.
Beginning July 1, 2003, and for securitization trusts created after January 31, 2003, the Company applied FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51, in assessing consolidation. FIN No. 46 provided a new framework for identifying variable interest entities and determining when a company should include the assets, liabilities, non-controlling interests and results of activities of a variable interest entity in its consolidated financial statements.
On December 24, 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46 (revised December 2003), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN No. 46R), which addressed how a business enterprise should evaluate whether it has a controlling interest in an entity through means other than voting rights and accordingly should consolidate the entity. FIN No. 46R has replaced FIN No. 46. At March 31, 2005, the securitization trusts created after January 31, 2003 have either met the criteria to be a qualified special-purpose entity (QSPE), as defined in paragraph 35 of FASB Statement No. 140, Accounting for the Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, or the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the securitization trusts, as defined by FIN No. 46R. Accordingly, the Company did not consolidate these existing securitization trusts in these financial statements. In addition, the securitization trusts created prior to January 31, 2003 have been amended in order for them to be considered QSPEs. The adoption of FIN No. 46R, which the Company began to apply in December 2003, did not have a material impact on the Companys consolidated financial condition, results of operations, earnings per share or cash flows.
The FASB issued an Exposure Draft, Qualifying Special-Purpose Entities and Isolation of Transferred Assetsan amendment of FASB Statement No. 140. This proposal would, among other things, change the requirements that an entity must meet to be considered a QSPE. The FASB has announced that it expects to issue in the third calendar quarter of 2005 a revised exposure draft that would include all of the proposed amendments to FASB Statement No. 140. The Company is monitoring the status of this exposure draft to assess its impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Item 2-Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this filing. In addition to the historical information, the discussion contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements due to our critical accounting policies and factors including, but not limited to, those set forth under Factors That May Affect Future Results below.
Executive Summary
Overview
We provide outsourcing services for private education lending in the United States. We provide services in connection with each of the five typical phases of the student loan lifecycle, offering our clients a single point of interface for:
program design and marketing;
borrower inquiry and application;
15
loan origination and disbursement;
loan securitization; and
loan servicing.
We receive fees for the services we provide in connection with both processing our clients private student loans and structuring and administering securitizations of those loans. Securitization refers to the technique of pooling loans and selling them to a special purpose, bankruptcy remote entity, typically a trust, which issues securities to investors backed by those loans.
We do not take a direct ownership interest in the loans our clients generate, nor do we serve as a lender or guarantor with respect to any loan programs that we facilitate. We assist the lenders in our loan programs in selecting the underwriting criteria used in deciding whether a student loan will be made to an applicant. However, each lender has ultimate control over the selection of these criteria, and in providing our services, we are obligated by contract to observe them. Lenders who wish to have their loans guaranteed by The Education Resources Institute, or TERI, are required to meet TERIs underwriting criteria. Although we oversee loan servicing as a component of our administrative duties, we do not act as a loan servicer.
We currently focus on facilitating private student loans for undergraduate, graduate and professional education, although we also provide service offerings for continuing education programs, primary and secondary schools, career training and study abroad programs. During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, we processed approximately 678,000 loan applications and facilitated $2.2 billion in loans at over 5,100 schools. During fiscal 2004, we processed over 560,000 loan applications and facilitated $1.8 billion in loans at over 4,800 schools. We have provided structural, advisory and other services for 24 securitization transactions since our formation in 1991.
We offer services in connection with two primary loan products:
Private label programs that:
lenders market directly to prospective student borrowers and their families;
lenders market directly to educational institutions;
third parties who are not themselves lenders design and market directly to prospective student borrowers and their families; loans under these programs are made by referral lenders;
third parties who are not themselves lenders design and market directly to educational institutions; loans under these
programs are made by referral lenders; and
businesses, unions, affinity groups and other organizations offer to their employees or members.
Guaranteed Access to Education, or GATE, programs that educational institutions offer directly to their students.
During fiscal 2004, we securitized both private label loans and GATE loans. During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, we facilitated two securitization transactions of private label loans. We expect to securitize GATE loans, including those we have facilitated during the first nine months of our current fiscal year, in the fourth fiscal quarter. During fiscal 2004, our private label programs, including the processing fees from TERI, contributed $191.1 million, or 96%, of our total service revenue, while our GATE programs contributed $8.2 million, or 4%, of our total service revenue.
In June 2001, we significantly enhanced our risk management and loan processing capabilities through a strategic relationship with TERI, the nations oldest and largest guarantor of private student loans. We acquired TERIs loan processing operations, including its historical database, but not its investment assets or guarantee liabilities. In connection with this acquisition, 161 members of TERIs staff became our employees. In addition, we entered into a master servicing agreement pursuant to which TERI engages us to provide loan origination and processing services with respect to the loans generated through the private label programs we facilitate, as well as other TERI-guaranteed loans. TERI reimburses us for the expenses we incur in providing these services. Under the terms of a master loan guaranty agreement that we entered into with TERI in 2001, we also agreed to provide a beneficial interest for TERI of 25% of the residual value of TERI-guaranteed loans owned by the securitization trusts that purchase the loans, and a right of first refusal to guarantee our private label clients existing and future loan programs. In October 2004, we renewed our master servicing agreement, master loan guaranty agreement and certain additional agreements with TERI, in each case for an additional term through June 2011. In addition, we entered into a supplement to the master loan guaranty agreement, under
16
which we granted to TERI a right to elect once each fiscal year to increase the amount of its administration fees by 25 basis points, with a corresponding reduction from 25% to 20% in TERIs ownership of the residual value of the TERI-guaranteed loans purchased during that year by the securitization trusts and a resulting increase from 75% to 80% in our residual ownership. TERI has made such an election for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2005.
The primary driver of our results of operations and financial condition is the volume of loans for which we provide outsourcing services from loan origination through securitization. We facilitated the securitization of $1.25 billion of student loans during fiscal 2004, up from $560 million during fiscal 2003.
The following table shows the volume of loans facilitated during the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and 2004, and during fiscal 2004:
|
|
Nine months ended March 31, |
|
Year ended June 30, |
|
||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2004 |
|
Approximate number of loans facilitated |
|
255,000 |
|
166,000 |
|
200,000 |
|
Aggregate principal amount of loans facilitated |
|
$2.2 billion |
|
$1.5 billion |
|
$1.8 billion |
|
Aggregate principal amount of loans facilitated above that were also available to us for securitization |
|
$1.8 billion |
|
$1.1 billion |
|
$1.4 billion |
|
The dollar volume of the loans that we facilitated in the first nine months of fiscal 2005 increased 52% as compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2004. The loans that we facilitated that were available to us for securitization increased 62% in the first nine months of fiscal 2005 as compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2004.
Although we offer our clients a fully integrated suite of outsourcing services, we do not charge separate fees for many of these services. Moreover, although we receive fees for providing loan processing services to TERI in connection with TERI-guaranteed loans, these fees represent reimbursement of the direct expenses we incur. Accordingly, we do not earn a profit on these fees. Although we provide these various services without charging a separate fee, or at cost in the case of TERI-guaranteed loans, we generally enter into agreements with the private label lenders, and Bank of America, N.A. in the case of GATE programs, giving us the exclusive right to securitize the loans that they do not intend to hold, and we receive structural advisory fees and residuals for facilitating securitizations of these loans. Our level of profitability depends on these structural advisory fees and residuals. We discuss the manner in which we recognize them as revenue in greater detail below. We may in the future enter into arrangements with private label lenders under which we provide outsourcing services, but do not have the exclusive right to securitize the loans that they originate.
Changes in any of the following factors can materially affect our financial results:
the demand for private education financing;
the competition for providing private education financing;
the education financing preferences of students and their families;
applicable laws and regulations, which may affect the terms upon which our clients agree to make private student loans and the cost and complexity of our loan facilitation operations;
the private student loan securitization market, including the costs or availability of financing;
the general interest rate environment, including its effect on our discount rates;
our critical accounting policies and estimates;
borrower default rates and our ability to recover principal and interest from such borrowers; and
prepayment rates on private student loans, including prepayments through loan consolidation.
Securitizations and Related Revenue
We structure and facilitate securitization transactions for our clients through a series of bankruptcy remote, qualified special
17
purpose statutory trusts. The trusts purchase private student loans from the originating lenders, which relinquish to the trust their ownership interest in the loans. The debt instruments that the trusts issue to finance the purchase of these student loans are obligations of the trusts, rather than our obligations or those of originating lenders. As of March 31, 2005, we have utilized the following special purpose entities for the securitizations we have structured:
The National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2005-1, or NCSLT 2005-1, was formed in February 2005 to purchase exclusively TERI-guaranteed private label loans.
The National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2004-2, or NCSLT 2004-2, was formed in October 2004 to purchase exclusively TERI-guaranteed private label loans.
The National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2004-1, or NCSLT 2004-1, was formed in May 2004 to purchase exclusively TERI-guaranteed private label loans.
The National Collegiate Student Loan Trust 2003-1, or NCSLT 2003, was formed in December 2003 to purchase exclusively TERI-guaranteed private label loans.
The National Collegiate Master Student Loan Trust I, or NCMSLT, was formed in November 2001 to purchase exclusively TERI-guaranteed private label loans.
The National Collegiate Trust, or NCT, was formed in fiscal 1993 and has established separate securitization trusts, which we refer to as the NCT trusts, that have purchased primarily GATE loans and a limited number of TERI-guaranteed and other loans.
In the future, we may securitize private label or GATE loans using new trust vehicles.
Under the terms of some of our contracts with key lender clients, we have an obligation to securitize periodically, typically twice per year, the private student loans that these clients originate, and we may agree with other lenders to securitize more frequently in the future. If we do not honor our obligations to these lenders, we may be required to pay liquidated damages, generally not exceeding an amount equal to 1% of the face amount of the loans available for securitization.
We receive several types of fees in connection with our securitization services:
Structural advisory fees. We charge structural advisory fees that are paid in two portions:
Up-front. We receive a portion of the structural advisory fees at the time the securitization trust purchases the loans, or soon thereafter. For these fees, we structure the securities sold in the securitization, coordinate the attorneys, accountants, trustees, loan servicers, loan originators and other transaction participants and prepare the cash flow modeling for rating agencies and financial guarantee insurers, as needed. In securitizations we facilitated in fiscal
2005 and 2004, these fees have ranged from 5.6% to 8.1% of the principal and accrued interest of the loans securitized; and
Additional. We receive a portion of the structural advisory fees over time, based on the amount of loans outstanding in the trust from time to time over the life of the trust. This portion accumulates monthly from the date of a securitization transaction at a rate of 15 basis points per year. We begin to receive this additional portion, plus interest, once the ratio of trust assets to trust liabilities, which we refer to as the parity ratio, reaches a stipulated
level, which ranges from 103.0% to 105.0%. The level applicable to a particular trust is determined at securitization. We currently expect to receive the additional fees beginning five to seven years after the date of a particular securitization transaction.
Residuals. We also have the right to receive a portion of the residual interests that these trusts create. This interest is junior in priority to the rights of the holders of the debt sold in the securitizations and entitles us to receive:
in connection with the securitizations in NCSLT 2005-1 and NCSLT 2004-2, 80% of the residual cash flows once a parity ratio of 103.0% is reached and maintained;
in connection with the securitizations in NCSLT 2004-1 and NCSLT 2003, 75% of the residual cash flows once a parity ratio of 103.0% is reached and maintained;
18
in connection with securitizations in NCMSLT, 75% of the residual cash flows once a parity ratio of 103.5% is reached and maintained; and
in connection with securitizations in the NCT trusts, our share of residual cash flows once all of the debtholders of the securitization trust have been repaid, plus, in the case of securitized GATE loans, an additional 10% of the residual cash flows.
Our residual interest derives almost exclusively from the services we perform in connection with each securitization rather than from a direct cash contribution to the securitization trust. In connection with the three most recent securitizations of GATE loans in the NCT trusts, in order to accommodate a limited number of schools, we invested in the aggregate approximately one-third of our GATE-related up-front structural advisory fees to eliminate the risk exposure of those schools. These investments, which reduced our up-front structural advisory fees that would have been recognized in these periods, totaled $1.3 million, $2.0 million and $1.8 million in fiscal 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. In fiscal 2004, our investment comprised 1.5% of our total up-front structural advisory fees. In exchange for these investments, we received the rights to the residual interest that these schools would otherwise hold in the trust and accounted for these rights as residuals, consistent with the manner in which we account for our other residuals. The value of these residual interests is primarily affected by the loan performance at each school. In the case of securitizations in NCSLT 2005-1, NCSLT 2004-2, NCSLT 2004-1, NCSLT 2003 and NCMSLT, we currently expect to receive the residuals beginning approximately five to six years after the date of a particular securitization. In the case of securitizations in the NCT trusts, we currently expect to receive the residuals beginning 12 to 15 years after the date of a particular securitization.
Administrative and other fees. Our administrative and other fees represent primarily the administrative fees we receive from the trusts for their daily management and for the services we provide in obtaining information from the loan servicers and reporting this and other information to the parties related to the securitization. We receive fees ranging from 5 to 20 basis points per year of the student loan balance in the trust. In addition, in connection with some securitizations, we receive other fees from originating lenders when their loans are purchased by the securitization trust, although these fees have not been material and we do not expect them to be material in the future. We also record as administrative and other fees the reimbursement we receive for certain call center costs. These fees were approximately $0.5 million and $0.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2004, respectively. The increase in these fees is primarily due to the increase in loan facilitations.
Processing Fees from TERI
We provide outsourcing services to TERI, including loan origination, customer service, default prevention, default processing and administrative services under a master servicing agreement between TERI and us. We recognize as revenue the monthly reimbursement that TERI provides us for the expenses we incur in providing these services.
Recognition and Valuation of Service Revenue
We recognize up-front structural advisory fees as revenue at the time the securitization trust purchases the loans. In order for the securitization trust to purchase the loans, all of the applicable services must be performed, rating agencies must deliver their ratings letters, transaction counsel must deliver the required legal opinions and the underwriters must receive the debt securities created by the securitization trust. These events indicate that the securitization transaction has been properly structured and loans have been properly sold to the securitization trust.
As required under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, we also recognize additional structural advisory fees and residuals as revenue at that time, as they are deemed to be earned at the time of the securitization and before we actually receive payment. These amounts are deemed earned because evidence of an arrangement exists, we have provided the services, the fee is fixed and determinable based upon a discounted cash flow analysis, there are no future contingencies or obligations and collection is reasonably assured. We estimate the present value of the additional structural advisory fees and residuals based on certain assumptions we make about the timing and amount of payment.
We are required to measure the additional structural advisory fees and residuals like investments in debt securities classified as available-for-sale or trading, similar to retained interests in securitizations. Accordingly, we record additional structural advisory fees and residuals receivables on our balance sheet at fair value using a discounted cash flow model. We estimate the fair value both initially and at each subsequent quarter and reflect the change in value in earnings for that period.
Because there are no quoted market prices for our additional structural advisory fees and residuals receivables, we use certain key assumptions to estimate their values. See Application of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesService Revenue.
19
We recognize administrative and other fees, as well as processing fees from TERI, as revenue at the time that we perform the underlying services.
Quarterly Fluctuations
Our quarterly revenue, operating results and profitability have varied and are expected to continue to vary on a quarterly basis primarily because of the timing of the securitizations that we structure. In fiscal 2004, we facilitated one securitization in the second quarter and two securitizations in the fourth quarter, but none in the first or third quarters. Thus far in fiscal 2005, we have facilitated one securitization in the second quarter and one securitization in the third quarter, and we expect to close two additional securitization transactions in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005. The following tables set forth our quarterly service revenue and net income (loss) for each of the first, second and third quarters of fiscal 2005 and for each of the quarters of fiscal 2004:
|
|
2005 fiscal quarter |
|
|||||||
|
|
First |
|
Second |
|
Third |
|
|||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||||
Service revenue |
|
$ |
22,404 |
|
$ |
155,837 |
|
$ |
119,534 |
|
Net income (loss) |
|
(5,352 |
) |
74,530 |
|
47,438 |
|
|||
|
|
2004 fiscal quarter |
|
||||||||||
|
|
First |
|
Second |
|
Third |
|
Fourth |
|
||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||||||||
Service revenue |
|
$ |
9,469 |
|
$ |
77,523 |
|
$ |
11,127 |
|
$ |
101,141 |
|
Net income (loss) |
|
(3,077 |
) |
36,639 |
|
(3,566 |
) |
45,276 |
|
||||
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under varying assumptions or conditions.
Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2004, which are included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 15, 2004. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, particularly as they relate to accounting policies that we believe are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations.
We regard an accounting estimate or assumption underlying our financial statements to be a critical accounting estimate where:
the nature of the estimate or assumption is material due to the level of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and
the impact of the estimates and assumptions on our financial condition or operating performance is material.
We have discussed our accounting policies with the audit committee of our Board of Directors, and we believe that our estimates relating to the recognition and valuation of our securitization-related revenue, as described below, fit the definition of critical accounting estimates. In addition, as described under the caption Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004, we consider our policy with respect to the determination of whether or not to consolidate the securitization trusts that we facilitate to be a critical accounting policy.
Service Revenue
For a discussion of our revenue recognition policies, see Recognition and Valuation of Service Revenue.
Because there are no quoted market prices for our additional structural advisory fees and residuals receivables, we use the following key assumptions to estimate their values:
the discount rate, which we use to calculate the present value of our additional structural advisory fees and residuals;
the annual compound rate of student loan prepayments, which we refer to as the constant prepayment rate, or CPR;
20
the trend of interest rates over the life of the loan pool, including the forward London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, and the spread between LIBOR and auction rates; and
expected defaults, net of recoveries.
We base these estimates on our proprietary historical data, third-party data and our industry experience, adjusting for specific program and borrower characteristics such as loan type and borrower creditworthiness. We analyze creditworthiness in several tiers, and select appropriate loan performance assumptions based on these tiers. We also monitor trends in loan performance over time, and make adjustments we believe are necessary to value properly our receivables balances. We recognize the revenue associated with our processing fees from TERI and our administrative and other fees as we perform these services.
The following table shows the loan performance assumptions for the life of each trust at March 31, 2005:
|
|
|
|
Percentage rate |
|
Discount rate |
|
||||||
Trust |
|
Loan type |
|
Default |
|
Recovery |
|
CPR |
|
Structural advisory fees |
|
Residuals |
|
NCSLT 2005-1 |
|
Private label |
|
8.62 |
% |
40 |
% |
7 |
% |
6.51 |
% |
12 |
% |
NCSLT 2004-2 |
|
Private label |
|
9.12 |
|
40 |
|
7 |
|
6.51 |
|
12 |
|
NCSLT 2004-1 |
|
Private label |
|
8.76 |
|
40 |
|
7 |
|
6.51 |
|
12 |
|
NCSLT 2003 |
|
Private label |
|
9.06 |
|
40 |
|
7 |
|
6.51 |
|
12 |
|
NCMSLT |
|
Private label |
|
8.08 |
|
40 |
|
7 |
|
6.51 |
|
12 |
|
NCT trusts |
|
Private label |
|
7.11 |
|
46 |
|
7 |
|
6.51 |
|
12 |
|
NCT trusts |
|
GATE |
|
23.23 |
|
47 |
|
4 |
|
6.51 |
|
12 |
|
Our private label loan programs, under which approximately 80% of the borrowers have creditworthy co-borrowers, typically a family member, have an extensive credit underwriting process. In fiscal 2003, some of our private label clients introduced a new product line which includes co-signed loans for which the co-signer has a Fair, Isaac and Company, or FICO, credit score that is lower than the FICO score required for our other tiered products. We have worked in consultation with TERI and our bank clients to structure and price this loan product to reflect its increased default risk, and we have taken the increased default risk and the loan mix into account in estimating our private label loan performance assumptions. GATE programs had a borrower approval rate of approximately 95% in fiscal 2004 as a result of the credit support provided by the participating schools. Accordingly, we believe that borrowers in our private label programs will prepay at a higher rate and default at a lower rate than borrowers in our GATE programs.
At March 31, 2005, we used a 6.51% discount rate for valuing structural advisory fees, as compared to a 6.58% discount rate at June 30, 2004. Based on the priority payment status of structural advisory fees in the flow of funds out of the securitization trust, we believe these fees are comparable to 10 year spreads on triple-B rated structured finance and corporate debt securities. Based on market quotes on such securities, we believe a spread over comparable maturity U.S. Treasury Notes of 200 basis points is an appropriate discount rate in valuing these projected cash flows.
To our knowledge, there have been no market transactions to determine the market price of residuals generated by a pool of securitized student loans. In determining an appropriate discount rate for valuing residuals, we review the rates used by student loan securitizers as well as rates used in the much broader asset-backed securities, or ABS, market. We believe that the 12% discount rate we use is appropriate given the maximum 24-year life of the trust assets and residuals.
Two trusts, NCMSLT and NCSLT 2003, have issued senior auction rate notes. At March 31, 2005, we used a 10 basis point spread over LIBOR to project the future cost of funding of the senior auction rate notes in the trusts. Since inception of the NCMSLT, the average spread over LIBOR for the senior auction rate notes of that trust has been 8.5 basis points. Since the inception of NCSLT 2003, the average spread over LIBOR for the senior auction rate notes of that trust has been 9.7 basis points.
Other than changes in the discount rate to be applied to structural advisory fees, we did not change any other loan performance assumptions regarding default rates, recovery rates, CPR rates or discount rates in valuing these projected cash flows during the first nine months of fiscal 2005.
Sensitivity analysis
Increases in our estimates of defaults, prepayments and discount rates, increases in the spread between LIBOR and auction rates, as well as decreases in default recovery rates and the multi-year forward estimates of LIBOR would have a negative effect on the value of our additional structural advisory fees and residuals. Student loan prepayments include either full or partial payments by a borrower in advance of the maturity schedule specified in the note, including payments as a result of loan consolidation activity. Because essentially all credit defaults are reimbursable by third parties, increases in defaults generally have the same effect as increases in prepayments. If defaults increase beyond the level of expected third party reimbursement, then these changes will have an
21
additional negative effect on the value of our additional structural advisory fees and residuals. For purposes of this sensitivity analysis, we have assumed no amounts in excess of the pledge fund established at the time of each securitization of private label loans are available to reimburse the trust for defaults. Also, in the case of securitizations of GATE loans in which we have invested a portion of our up-front structural advisory fees, increases in estimates of defaults would reduce the value of our residual interests because amounts that we would otherwise receive as residual interests would be applied to the defaults. LIBOR is the reference rate for the loan assets and, we believe, a reasonable index for borrowings of the trusts. Because the trusts student loan assets earn interest based on LIBOR and some trusts have outstanding securities that pay interest based on the results of auction rates, changes in the spread between LIBOR and the auction rate can affect the performance of the trust.
The following tables show the estimated change in our structural advisory fees and residuals receivables balances at March 31, 2005 based on changes in these loan performance assumptions:
|
|
Percentage change in assumptions |
|
Receivables balance |
|
Percentage change in assumptions |
|
||||||||||
Structural advisory fees |
|
Down 20% |
|
Down 10% |
|
|
Up 10% |
|
Up 20% |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
||||||||||
Default rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
37,999 |
|
$ |
37,869 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
37,605 |
|
$ |
37,473 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
5,195 |
|
5,112 |
|
5,030 |
|
4,948 |
|
4,865 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
43,194 |
|
$ |
42,981 |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
42,553 |
|
$ |
42,338 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
1.00 |
% |
0.50 |
% |
|
|
(0.50 |
)% |
(1.00 |
)% |
||||||
Default recovery rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
4,900 |
|
4,900 |
|
5,030 |
|
5,030 |
|
5,172 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
42,637 |
|
$ |
42,637 |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
42,909 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
(0.31 |
)% |
(0.31 |
)% |
|
|
0.00 |
% |
0.33 |
% |
||||||
Annual constant prepayment rate (CPR): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
39,849 |
|
$ |
38,764 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
36,764 |
|
$ |
35,844 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
5,240 |
|
5,134 |
|
5,030 |
|
4,929 |
|
4,831 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
45,089 |
|
$ |
43,898 |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
41,693 |
|
$ |
40,675 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
5.43 |
% |
2.64 |
% |
|
|
(2.51 |
)% |
(4.89 |
)% |
||||||
Discount rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
40,896 |
|
$ |
39,275 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
36,277 |
|
$ |
34,890 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
5,420 |
|
5,220 |
|
5,030 |
|
4,848 |
|
4,670 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
46,316 |
|
$ |
44,495 |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
41,125 |
|
$ |
39,560 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
8.30 |
% |
4.04 |
% |
|
|
(3.84 |
)% |
(7.50 |
)% |
||||||
|
|
Change in assumption |
|
Receivables balance |
|
Change in assumption |
|
|||||||||
Structural advisory fees |
|
Down 200 basis points |
|
Down 100 basis points |
|
|
Up 100 basis points |
|
Up 200 basis points |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|||||||||
Forward LIBOR rates: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
35,179 |
|
$ |
36,447 |
|
$ |
37,737 |
|
$ |
39,047 |
|
$ |
40,385 |
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
4,705 |
|
4,831 |
|
5,030 |
|
5,102 |
|
5,312 |
|
|||||
Total |
|
$ |
39,884 |
|
$ |
41,278 |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
44,149 |
|
$ |
45,697 |
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
(6.74 |
)% |
(3.48 |
)% |
|
|
3.23 |
% |
6.85 |
% |
(1) GATE loan trusts include approximately $367.9 million of GATE loans and $40.6 million of TERI-guaranteed loans.
22
|
|
Percentage change in assumptions |
|
Receivables balance |
|
Percentage change in assumptions |
|
||||||||||
Residuals |
|
Down 20% |
|
Down 10% |
|
|
Up 10% |
|
Up 20% |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
||||||||||
Default rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
208,322 |
|
$ |
206,934 |
|
$ |
205,473 |
|
$ |
203,352 |
|
$ |
199,757 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
4,476 |
|
4,672 |
|
4,859 |
|
5,043 |
|
4,959 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
212,798 |
|
$ |
211,606 |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
208,395 |
|
$ |
204,716 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
1.17 |
% |
0.61 |
% |
|
|
(0.92 |
)% |
(2.67 |
)% |
||||||
Default recovery rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
204,927 |
|
$ |
205,319 |
|
$ |
205,473 |
|
$ |
205,558 |
|
$ |
205,573 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
4,125 |
|
4,484 |
|
4,859 |
|
5,236 |
|
5,290 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
209,052 |
|
$ |
209,803 |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
210,794 |
|
$ |
210,863 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
(0.61 |
)% |
(0.25 |
)% |
|
|
0.22 |
% |
0.25 |
% |
||||||
Annual constant prepayment rate (CPR): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
226,520 |
|
$ |
215,742 |
|
$ |
205,473 |
|
$ |
195,674 |
|
$ |
186,326 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
5,065 |
|
4,960 |
|
4,859 |
|
4,756 |
|
4,657 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
231,585 |
|
$ |
220,702 |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
200,430 |
|
$ |
190,983 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
10.10 |
% |
4.93 |
% |
|
|
(4.71 |
)% |
(9.20 |
)% |
||||||
Discount rate: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
248,711 |
|
$ |
225,849 |
|
$ |
205,473 |
|
$ |
187,271 |
|
$ |
170,974 |
|
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
6,528 |
|
5,628 |
|
4,859 |
|
4,160 |
|
3,628 |
|
||||||
Total |
|
$ |
255,239 |
|
$ |
231,477 |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
191,431 |
|
$ |
174,602 |
|
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
21.35 |
% |
10.05 |
% |
|
|
(8.99 |
)% |
(16.99 |
)% |
||||||
|
|
Change in assumption |
|
Receivables balance |
|
Change in assumption |
|
|||||||||
Residuals |
|
Down 200 |
|
Down 100 |
|
|
Up 100 |
|
Up 200 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|||||||||
Forward LIBOR rates: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
188,628 |
|
$ |
197,080 |
|
$ |
205,473 |
|
$ |
213,766 |
|
$ |
221,946 |
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
4,420 |
|
4,605 |
|
4,859 |
|
5,087 |
|
5,232 |
|
|||||
Total |
|
$ |
193,048 |
|
$ |
201,685 |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
218,853 |
|
$ |
227,178 |
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
(8.22 |
)% |
(4.11 |
)% |
|
|
4.05 |
% |
8.01 |
% |
|
|
Percentage change in assumptions |
|
Receivables balance |
|
Percentage change in assumptions |
|
|||||||||
Residuals |
|
Tighten 10 |
|
Tighten 5 |
|
|
Widen 5 |
|
Widen 10 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|||||||||
Change in assumed spread between LIBOR and auction rates: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Private label loan trusts |
|
$ |
209,159 |
|
$ |
207,316 |
|
$ |
205,473 |
|
$ |
203,633 |
|
$ |
201,793 |
|
GATE loan trusts(1) |
|
4,858 |
|
4,858 |
|
4,859 |
|
4,858 |
|
4,858 |
|
|||||
Total |
|
$ |
214,017 |
|
$ |
212,174 |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
208,491 |
|
$ |
206,651 |
|
Change in receivables balance: |
|
1.75 |
% |
0.88 |
% |
|
|
(0.88 |
)% |
(1.75 |
)% |
(1) GATE loan trusts include approximately $367.9 million of GATE loans and $40.6 million of TERI-guaranteed loans.
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. The effect of each change in assumption must be calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in key assumptions may differ from the sum of the individual effects above.
Recent Development
On April 29, 2005, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. We have engaged Goldman, Sachs & Co. to administer the repurchase program, which is funded using our working capital. As of April 29, 2005, we had begun to repurchase shares pursuant to the repurchase program.
Results of Operations
Three and nine months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004
Revenue Related to Securitization Transactions
The following table sets forth for the first nine months of fiscal year 2005 and 2004 (by dollar amount and as a percentage of the total volume of loans securitized):
the total volume of loans securitized by loan type and the securitization-related service revenue components, other than administrative and other fees; and
23
updates to reflect any fair value adjustment to additional structural advisory fees and residuals for prior trusts.
During the three months ended March 31, 2005, we securitized $715 million of private student loans, which generated $93.4 million in securitization-related revenue. We did not conduct a securitization transaction in the third quarter of fiscal 2004 and therefore did not generate any up-front structural advisory fees, additional structural advisory fees or residual fee revenues from new securitization transactions during that period.
First nine months of fiscal year: |
|
Total volume of loans securitized(1) |
|
Up-front structural advisory fees |
|
Additional structural advisory fees |
|
Total structural advisory fees |
|
Residuals |
|
|||||||||||
|
|
(dollars in thousands) |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Private label loans |
|
$ |
1,522,254 |
|
$ |
119,095 |
|
7.8 |
% |
$ |
17,901 |
|
1.2 |
% |
$ |
136,996 |
|
$ |
88,402 |
|
5.8 |
% |
Trust updates (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
782 |
|
|
|
782 |
|
13,434 |
|
|
|
|||||
Other (3) |
|
|
|
955 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
955 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
|
$ |
1,522,254 |
|
$ |
120,050 |
|
|
|
$ |
18,683 |
|
|
|
$ |
138,733 |
|
$ |
101,836 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Private label loans |
|
$ |
532,336 |
|
$ |
33,000 |
|
6.2 |
% |
$ |
5,925 |
|
1.1 |
% |
$ |
38,925 |
|
$ |
29,730 |
|
5.6 |
% |
Trust updates (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
259 |
|
5,060 |
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
|
$ |
532,336 |
|
$ |
33,000 |
|
|
|
$ |
6,184 |
|
|
|
$ |
39,184 |
|
$ |
34,790 |
|
|
|
(1) Represents total principal and accrued interest.
(2) Trust updates reflect changes resulting from the passage of time, which results in accretion of the discounting inherent in the present value estimates of additional structural advisory fees and residuals, as well as changes in the assumptions, if any, underlying our estimates of the fair value of these service revenue components.
(3) Represents the receipt of funds from various trusts cost of issuance accounts once it is determined that the trust no longer needs such cost of issuance funds.
Our private label loan products are marketed through two marketing channels: direct to consumer, which generally refers to programs that lenders, businesses, unions, affinity groups or other organizations market directly to prospective borrowers and school channel, which refers to programs that lenders or third parties market directly to educational institutions. Our estimates of the allocation by marketing channel of our securitization revenues for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and 2004, expressed as a percentage of the student loan balances securitized in each channel, are as follows:
Fiscal 2005 |
|
Marketing channel |
|
Volume of loans securitized |
|
Percentage yield |
|
||||||||
|
Up-front structural advisory fees |
|
Additional structural advisory fees |
|
Residuals |
|
|||||||||
NCSLT 2005-1 |
|
Direct to consumer |
|
$ |
445 |
|
9.6 |
% |
|
1.1 |
% |
|
6.1 |
% |
|
|
|
School channel |
|
270 |
|
4.4 |
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
715 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blended Yield |
|
|
|
7.6 |
% |
|
1.1 |
% |
|
4.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NCSLT 2004-2 |
|
Direct to consumer |
|
$ |
744 |
|
8.4 |
% |
|
1.2 |
% |
|
7.5 |
% |
|
|
|
School channel |
|
63 |
|
4.3 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
807 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blended yield |
|
|
|
8.1 |
% |
|
1.2 |
% |
|
7.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal 2004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NCSLT 2003-1 |
|
Direct to consumer |
|
$ |
487 |
|
6.4 |
% |
|
1.1 |
% |
|
5.8 |
% |
|
|
|
School channel |
|
45 |
|
3.8 |
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blended yield |
|
|
|
6.2 |
% |
|
1.1 |
% |
|
5.6 |
% |
|
These yields by marketing channel represent an allocation of revenues based on various estimates and assumptions regarding the relative profitability of these loans, and should be read with caution. Furthermore, these yields are dependent on a number of factors, including the mix of loans between marketing channels that are included in a particular securitization as well as the average life of loans, which can be impacted by the
24
time of year that loans are securitized and the relative mix of loans from students with various expected terms until graduation, along with a number of other factors. Readers are cautioned that the blended yields and yields by marketing channel above may not be indicative of yields that we may be able to achieve in future securitizations.
The principal balance of loans facilitated and available to us for later securitization at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004 totaled $574.8 million and $276.1 million, respectively.
Structural advisory fees
Structural advisory fees increased to $138.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $39.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004. Structural advisory fees for the three months ended March 31, 2005 were $62.9 million compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The increases in structural advisory fees in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods were primarily a result of an increase in securitization volume, as well as increased blended advisory fee yields.
Up-front structural advisory fees
The up-front component of structural advisory fees increased to $120.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $33.0 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004. The increase in up-front structural advisory fees was primarily a result of an increase in loan facilitation volume, which enabled us to securitize a greater amount of loans in the first nine months of fiscal 2005 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2004, including a securitization transaction in the third quarter of fiscal 2005. An increase in up-front structural advisory fees as a percentage of the loan volume securitized, or up-front structural advisory fee yield, also resulted in an increase in our revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2005. We believe that this increase in the up-front structural advisory fee yield is due in part to more efficient securitization transactions as the balance of student loans securitized increased, a change in the mix of student loans securitized and the introduction of new securitization structures. We do not currently expect further significant improvement in the fee yield we are able to earn on future securitization transactions.
The following table reflects the increases in up-front structural advisory fees attributable to the increases in securitization volume and changes in the fee yield and loan mix:
|
|
Up-front structural advisory fees |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Total volume of loans securitized |
|
Change attributable to increased securitization volume |
|
Change attributable to change in yield and loan mix |
|
Total increase |
|
||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||||||||
Nine months ended March 31, 2005 vs. nine months ended March 31, 2004 |
|
$ |
1,522,254 |
|
$ |
61,366 |
|
$ |
25,684 |
|
$ |
87,050 |
|
Up-front structural advisory fees for the three months ended March 31, 2005 were $55.0 million. We had no up-front structural advisory fees for the three months ended March 31, 2004 as we did not conduct a securitization transaction during that period.
Additional structural advisory fees
The additional component of structural advisory fees increased to $18.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $6.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004 and increased to $7.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The increases in additional structural advisory fees in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods were primarily a result of an increase in securitization volume.
25
The following tables summarize the changes in the fair value of the structural advisory fees receivable for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
|
Three months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fair value at beginning of period |
|
$ |
34,825 |
|
$ |
16,485 |
|
Revenue recognized during period |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Additions from structuring new securitizations |
|
7,970 |
|
|
|
||
Fair value adjustments |
|
(28 |
) |
484 |
|
||
Total additional structural advisory fees recognized |
|
7,942 |
|
484 |
|
||
Fair value at end of period |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
16,969 |
(1) |
|
|
Nine months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fair value at beginning of period |
|
$ |
24,084 |
(1) |
$ |
10,785 |
|
Revenue recognized during period |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Additions from structuring new securitizations |
|
17,901 |
|
5,925 |
|
||
Fair value adjustments |
|
782 |
|
259 |
|
||
Total additional structural advisory fees recognized |
|
18,683 |
|
6,184 |
|
||
Fair value at end of period |
|
$ |
42,767 |
|
$ |
16,969 |
(1) |
(1) Excludes the structural advisory fee receivable from the December 2003 securitization that we collected in July 2004, which was estimated to be $8.5 million at March 31, 2004 and $10.25 million at June 30, 2004.
During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, the fair value adjustments of our additional structural advisory fees resulted in an increase of approximately $0.8 million. This increase was primarily due to the accretion of the discounting inherent in these present value estimates. During the first nine months of fiscal 2004, the fair value adjustments of our additional structural advisory fees resulted in an increase of approximately $0.3 million, as the accretion of the discounting inherent in these present value estimates was partially offset by the effect of increases in the discount rate during the period.
During the three months ended March 31, 2005, the fair value adjustments of our additional structural advisory fees resulted in a decrease of approximately $28,000. This decrease was primarily due to the increase in the discount rate during the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2004, the fair value adjustments of our additional structural advisory fees resulted in an increase of approximately $0.5 million. This increase was primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate during the period.
On a quarterly basis, we update our estimate of the present value of our additional structural advisory fees, which we expect to begin to receive approximately five to seven years after the date of a particular securitization transaction. In doing so, we give effect to the passage of time, which results in the accretion of the discounting inherent in these present value estimates, and we also adjust for any change in the discount rate that we use in estimating the present value of these receivables. For a discussion of the assumptions we make in estimating our additional structural advisory fees, see Application of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesService Revenue.
We base the discount rate that we use to calculate the present value of our additional structural advisory fees on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note rate plus 200 basis points. We applied a discount rate of 6.51% at March 31, 2005, 6.22% at December 31, 2004, 6.58% at June 30, 2004, 5.84% at March 31, 2004, 6.25% at December 31, 2003, and 5.33% at June 30, 2003. A decrease in the 10-year U.S. Treasury note rate has the effect of increasing the estimated fair value of our structural advisory fees receivable, while an increase in the rate has the opposite effect on our estimate of their fair value.
On an ongoing basis, we monitor the performance of trust assets, including default, recovery, prepayment and forward LIBOR rates experience, which we also consider in our estimates. We use an implied forward LIBOR curve to estimate trust cash flows. During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, the implied forward LIBOR curve flattened. This flattening increased the estimated fair value of additional structural advisory fees receivable during the period. During the first nine months of fiscal 2004, the rates along the implied forward LIBOR curve increased. These increases in rates resulted in an increase in the average life of the underlying trust assets, thereby increasing the estimated fair value of the structural advisory fees receivable during the period. For a discussion of the assumptions we make in estimating our additional structural advisory fees receivable, see Application of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesService Revenue.
We made no changes in our assumptions regarding default rates, prepayment rates and recovery rates during either the first nine months of fiscal 2005 or 2004.
Residuals
Residuals increased to $101.8 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $34.8 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004 and increased to $35.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 compared to $2.3 million for the three months
26
ended March 31, 2004. The increases in residuals in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods were primarily a result of an increase in securitization volume. We used a discount rate of 12% throughout the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and all of fiscal 2004.
The following table reflects the increases in residuals attributable to the increase in securitization volume and the change attributable to updates to prior trusts:
|
|
|
|
Residuals |
|
||||||||
|
|
Total volume of loans securitized |
|
Change attributable to increased securitization volume and change in loan mix |
|
Change attributable to trust updates(1) |
|
Total increase |
|
||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||||||||
Nine months ended March 31, 2005 vs. nine months ended March 31, 2004 |
|
$ |
1,522,254 |
|
$ |
58,672 |
|
$ |
8,374 |
|
$ |
67,046 |
|
(1) The change attributable to trust updates in fiscal 2005 and 2004 was primarily the result of the passage of time and the resulting accretion of the discounting inherent in these present value estimates of residuals, rather than changes in our assumptions.
The following tables summarize the changes in the fair value of the residuals receivable for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
|
Three months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fair value at beginning of period |
|
$ |
175,178 |
|
$ |
76,138 |
|
Revenue recognized during period |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Additions from structuring new securitizations |
|
31,345 |
|
|
|
||
Fair value adjustments |
|
3,809 |
|
2,253 |
|
||
Total residuals fees recognized |
|
35,154 |
|
2,253 |
|
||
Fair value at end of period |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
78,391 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
Nine months ended |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fair value at beginning of period |
|
$ |
108,495 |
|
$ |
43,600 |
|
Revenue recognized during period |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Additions from structuring new securitizations |
|
88,402 |
|
29,730 |
|
||
Fair value adjustments |
|
13,435 |
|
5,060 |
|
||
Total residuals fees recognized |
|
101,837 |
|
34,790 |
|
||
Fair value at end of period |
|
$ |
210,332 |
|
$ |
78,390 |
|
During the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and the first nine months of fiscal 2004, the fair value adjustments of our residuals receivable resulted in an increase of approximately $13.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2004, the fair value adjustments of our residuals receivable resulted in an increase of approximately $3.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The increases in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods were due primarily to the passage of time and the impact of movement in the implied forward LIBOR curve. The amounts of the fair value adjustments also increased between periods as the underlying receivables balances increased. As we conduct more securitization transactions, we expect that adjustments for the passage of time will continue to increase and thereby add to the residual revenues that we discount to present value.
As we do with our additional structural advisory fees, on a quarterly basis, we update our estimate of the present value of our residuals. In doing so, we give effect for the passage of time, which results in the accretion of the discounting inherent in these present value estimates, and we also adjust for any change in the discount rate that we use in estimating the present value of these receivables. We used a 12% discount factor during the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and throughout fiscal 2004. We also monitor the performance of trust assets, including default, recovery, prepayment and forward LIBOR rates experience, which we also consider in our estimates. We use an implied forward LIBOR curve to estimate trust cash flows. During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, the
27
implied forward LIBOR curve flattened. The flattening of the curve improved the net excess spread between the trust assets and liabilities, resulting in an increase in the estimated fair value of residuals receivable during the period. During the first nine months of fiscal 2004, the rates along the implied forward LIBOR curve increased. These increases in rates resulted in an increase in the average life of the underlying trust assets, thereby increasing the estimated fair value of the residuals receivable during the period. In addition, actual LIBOR rates in effect during a period can differ from those implied by forward LIBOR rates at the beginning of a period. These differences can affect the net excess spread between trusts assests and liabilities experienced during the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2005, actual LIBOR rates increased generally at a faster rate than those implied by the forward LIBOR curve at the beginning of the quarter. This had a negative impact on the net excess spread between trust assets and liabilities during the quarter, and thereby reduced the value of the residuals. During the three months ended March 31, 2004, the movement in LIBOR rates did not have a material impact on the fair value of the residuals. For a discussion of the assumptions we make in estimating our residuals, see Application of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesService Revenue.
In determining an appropriate discount rate for valuing residuals, we review the rates used by student loan securitizers, as well as rates used in the much broader ABS market. We believe that the 12% discount rate we use is appropriate given the maximum 24-year life of the trust assets and residuals.
For a discussion of the assumptions we make in estimating our residuals, see Application of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesService Revenue.
Processing fees from TERI
Processing fees from TERI increased to $54.5 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $22.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004 and increased to $20.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $7.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The increases in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods were primarily due to increased reimbursed expenses required to process the volume of private label loans that we facilitated during the fiscal 2005 periods, which increased to $2.1 billion for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $1.4 billion for the first nine months of fiscal 2004 and to $585.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $445.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004.
Administrative and other fees
Administrative and other fees increased to $2.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $1.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004 and increased to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The increases in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods were due primarily to increasing student loan balances in the securitization trusts during the fiscal 2005 periods compared to the fiscal 2004 periods. We expect that our administrative and other fees will continue to increase as the student loan balances in the securitization trusts continue to increase.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses increased to $99.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $47.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004 and increased to $37.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $17.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2004. Compensation and benefits increased to $47.5 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $25.5 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004, and increased to $17.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $8.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2004. General and administrative expenses increased to $51.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $22.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004, and increased to $20.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $8.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2004.
Compensation and benefits and general and administrative expenses increased in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods primarily as a result of an increase in personnel. We hired additional personnel to meet the operating requirements from our growing loan processing and securitization activities. As our financial performance improves, we anticipate awarding higher performance-based compensation to our employees.
General and administrative expenses also increased in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods as a result of increases in consulting fees, professional fees, external call center costs and occupancy costs. Consulting fees increased to $11.7 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $2.8 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2004, and increased to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004, primarily as a result of the hiring of experts to assist us in our redesign efforts for our loan origination systems. Professional fees increased to $5.8 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $2.9 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2004, and increased to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. These expenses increased primarily as a result of increased legal, audit and investor relations expenses as a result of being a public company including costs related to our compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. External call center costs increased to $4.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $2.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2004, and increased to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The increases in external call center costs were primarily due to increases in the volume of loans facilitated during the 2005 periods. Occupancy expenses increased to $7.7 million in the first nine months of fiscal
28
2005 from $2.9 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2004, and increased to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004 as a result of increased office space under lease in the 2005 periods and, to a lesser degree, higher lease rates following relocation of our corporate headquarters in 2004, and expansion of our loan processing operations compared to the 2004 periods.
We expect that our operating expenses will continue to increase as we devote additional resources to the expected increasing loan volumes facilitated for our existing and new clients and as a result of increased space under lease.
The following table summarizes the components of operating expenses, both those reimbursed and not reimbursed by TERI under our Master Servicing Agreement, for the three and nine month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Expenses reimbursed by TERI |
|
Expenses not reimbursed by TERI |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
|
Compensation and benefits |
|
General and administrative expenses |
|
Subtotal operating expenses |
|
Compensation and benefits |
|
General and administrative expenses |
|
Subtotal operating expenses |
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|||||||
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
2005 |
|
$ |
10,271 |
|
$ |
10,293 |
|
$ |
20,564 |
|
$ |
7,051 |
|
$ |
10,098 |
|
$ |
17,149 |
|
$ |
37,713 |
|
2004 |
|
4,550 |
|
3,377 |
|
7,927 |
|
4,285 |
|
5,037 |
|
9,322 |
|
17,249 |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Nine months ended March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
2005 |
|
$ |
27,418 |
|
$ |
27,024 |
|
$ |
54,442 |
|
$ |
20,105 |
|
$ |
24,678 |
|
$ |
44,783 |
|
$ |
99,225 |
|
2004 |
|
12,184 |
|
10,713 |
|
22,897 |
|
13,319 |
|
11,710 |
|
25,029 |
|
47,926 |
|
Other (Income) Expense
Interest income
Net interest income increased to $2.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from net interest income of $21,000 for the first nine months of fiscal 2004. Net interest income during the three months ended March 31, 2005 increased to $1.0 million from net interest income during the three months ended March 31, 2004 of $78,000. The increases in interest income in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods resulted from increases in cash and other short-term investment balances as a result of receipt of cash from securitization transactions in February 2005, October 2004 and June 2004. Interest expense for all periods was primarily attributable to $7.9 million of notes issued in June 2001 to TERI as a part of the purchase price for TERIs loan processing operations as described below in Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources and, for the 2005 periods, capital lease obligations. We had approximately $7.5 million of outstanding capital lease obligations at March 31, 2005.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense increased to $84.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $20.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004. Income tax expense increased to $35.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2005 from an income tax benefit of $2.5 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2004. The increases in income tax expense in the 2005 periods compared to the 2004 periods were primarily the result of an increase in the amount of income before income tax expense between periods.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity requirements have historically consisted, and we expect that they will continue to consist, of capital expenditures, working capital, business development expenses, general corporate expenses and potential acquisitions.
On November 5, 2003, we completed an initial public offering of our common stock at a price to the public of $16.00 per share, in which we sold 7,906,250 shares and selling shareholders sold 6,468,750 shares. Net proceeds of the initial public offering to us were approximately $115.1 million. We did not receive any of the proceeds of the sale of the shares sold by the selling stockholders. In June 2004, selling stockholders sold an aggregate of 7,406,312 shares of our common stock in a follow-on public offering at a price of $36.50 per share. In January 2005, selling stockholders sold an aggregate of 3,933,605 shares of our common stock in a follow-on public offering at a price of $57.40 per share. We did not sell any shares in the June 2004 and January 2005 offerings and therefore did not receive any proceeds from the sale of stock. We did, however, receive approximately $3.0 million in connection with the June 2004 offering, and approximately $1.9 million in connection with the January 2005 offering, from certain selling stockholders who exercised options and then sold the resulting shares in the offerings.
29
Short-term Funding Requirements
We expect to fund our short-term liquidity requirements through cash flow from operations and the proceeds of our initial public offering. We believe, based on our current operating plan and the proceeds of our initial public offering, that our current cash and other short-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least fiscal 2006.
Long-term Funding Requirements
We expect to fund the growth of our business through cash flow from operations and through issuances of common stock, promissory notes or other securities. We expect to assess our financing alternatives periodically and access the capital markets opportunistically. If our existing resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, or if we enter into an acquisition or strategic arrangement with another company, or if we otherwise believe that raising additional capital would be in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, we may sell additional equity or debt securities. Any sale of additional equity or debt securities may result in additional dilution to our stockholders, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or paying dividends. We cannot be certain that additional public or private financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain this additional financing, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more aspects of our business development activities, which could harm the growth of our business.
From our inception, we have raised approximately $147.0 million from the sale of common stock and promissory notes, including approximately $115.1 million in net proceeds from our initial public offering.
Our actual liquidity and capital funding requirements may depend on numerous factors, including:
our facilities expansion needs;
the extent to which our services gain increased market acceptance and remain competitive;
the timing, size and composition of the loan pools of the securitization transactions that we structure; and
the costs and timing of acquisitions of complementary businesses.
If we are not able to obtain adequate funding when needed, we may have to delay further expansion of our business.
Cash and Other Short-term Investments
At March 31, 2005, we had $218.5 million in cash and other short-term investments, and at June 30, 2004, we had $168.7 million in cash and other short-term investments. The increase resulted primarily from our receipt of up-front structural advisory fees in connection with our February 2005 and October 2004 securitization transactions. Cash and other short-term investments include primarily funds deposited in a money market fund that invests in short-term obligations of the U.S. Treasury and repurchase agreements fully collateralized by obligations of the U.S. Treasury.
Structural Advisory Fees and Residuals Receivables
Our structural advisory fees and residuals receivables increased to $253.1 million at March 31, 2005 from $142.8 million at June 30, 2004, primarily as a result of the structural advisory fees and residuals generated from the February 2005 and October 2004 securitization transactions. This increase in structural advisory fees and residuals receivables was partially offset by the receipt of $10.25 million in structural advisory fees in July 2004. In the December 2003 securitization, we collected $24.5 million of the up-front structural advisory fee in December 2003, at the time the securitization transaction closed, and we received a second payment of $10.25 million in July 2004 from this December 2003 securitization transaction (of which $7.25 million was used to repay an outstanding note payable). The $10.25 million second payment was recorded as a structural advisory fee receivable at June 30, 2004.
Property and Equipment, Net
During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, our property and equipment, net increased by $23.1 million, as we spent $27.7 million on the expansion of our processing facilities and corporate headquarters, which was partially offset by $4.6 million of depreciation expense recorded during the period. Included in capital additions for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 are capitalized software development costs of $6.6 million which are primarily related to the improvement of our loan processing systems. During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, we financed the acquisition of $6.1 million in property and equipment through capital leases.
30
Prepaid Income Taxes
We had prepaid income taxes of $17.1 million at March 31, 2005 and $20.3 million at June 30, 2004. At March 31, 2005, this balance was primarily derived from a tax benefit of $30.4 million from employee stock option exercises, principally in connection with a stock option exercise at the time of our follow-on offering in January 2005. At June 30, 2004, this balance was primarily derived from a tax benefit of $29.9 million from employee stock option exercises, principally in connection with stock option exercises at the time of our follow-on offering in June 2004. These benefits, after offsetting accrued income taxes, resulted in the net prepaid income taxes balance.
Other Prepaid Expenses
We had other prepaid expenses of $3.3 million at March 31, 2005 and $2.8 million at June 30, 2004. The increase in other prepaid expenses was due to an increase in prepaid insurance and the timing of the prepayment of services.
Other Assets
We had other assets of $3.5 million at March 31, 2005 and $2.2 million at June 30, 2004. The increase in other assets is primarily due to an increase in prepaid fees to be reimbursed to us from trusts created in future securitization transactions of $0.5 million and a deposit of $0.5 million made, related to a maintenance agreement we recently executed.
In connection with our facilitation of the securitization of GATE loans in June 2004, six schools participating in our GATE program faced limits on the amount of surety coverage that the GATE programs current surety provider was willing to provide to the NCT trust on their behalf. We provided the NCT trust with an additional aggregate cash surety deposit of approximately $1.8 million on behalf of these six schools. This deposit is included in other assets at March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2004. The surety coverage and our cash deposit provides the NCT trust bondholders with assurance that the pledge commitment that these school clients make to reimburse the NCT trusts for defaults by their student borrowers will be fulfilled.
Our cash deposit with the NCT trust on behalf of these schools will earn interest at the prevailing short-term interest rates. We will also earn a surety fee equal to 150 basis points of the initial notional amount of the pledge commitment which our cash deposit supports. As schools reimburse the NCT trusts for student defaults, the amount of their pledge commitment is reduced. We are entitled to withdraw amounts in the surety reserve account, including earned interest and surety fees, to the extent the balance in the surety reserve account exceeds the pledge commitment. Once the NCT trust bondholders have been paid in full, we will receive the entire amount remaining in the surety reserve account.
Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
We had accounts payable and accrued expenses of $29.4 million at March 31, 2005 and $26.3 million at June 30, 2004. Accrued bonuses were approximately $4.2 million higher at March 31, 2005 as compared to June 30, 2004, primarily due to an increase in the number of our employees and the adoption of our executive incentive compensation plan by our stockholders in November 2004. Our accounts payable were $2.3 million higher at March 31, 2005 as compared to June 30, 2004, primarily due to the timing of the receipt and payment of invoices. At March 31, 2005, we had accrued an additional $2.4 million as compared to June 30, 2004 in consulting costs related to the improvement of our loan processing operations. These increases were offset by a decrease in accruals related to tax withholdings. In July 2004, we paid approximately $8.2 million of withholding taxes that we had collected from employees related to their exercise of non-qualified stock options in our follow-on offering in June 2004.
Net Deferred Income Tax Liability
We had a net deferred income tax liability of $70.4 million at March 31, 2005 and $40.1 million at June 30, 2004. We have a net deferred tax liability because, under accounting principles GAAP, we recognize residuals in book income earlier than they are recognized for tax purposes. Our deferred tax liability increased primarily as a result of the increase in residual revenue recognized during the first nine months of fiscal 2005. This increase was partially offset by the recognition of tax income as a result of these residual interests.
Notes Payable
We had notes payable and capital lease obligations of $7.5 million at March 31, 2005 and $9.2 million at June 30, 2004. During the second quarter of fiscal 2004, we received $7.0 million upon the issuance of a $7.25 million note to the lead underwriter of our December 2003 securitization. We repaid this note with the first $7.25 million of the second up-front structural advisory fee that we received in July 2004 in connection with the December 2003 securitization. This decrease in notes payable was offset by an increase in capital lease obligations of $6.1 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2005 as we financed the acquisition of property and equipment, primarily for our expanded loan processing operations. We had notes payable to TERI of $5.5 million at March 31, 2005 and $6.0 million at June 30, 2004. This balance relates to two acquisition notes we issued to acquire TERIs loan
31
processing operations in 2001.
Deferred Compensation
We recorded deferred compensation during the second and third quarter of fiscal 2005 as we granted 79,000 restricted stock units to certain senior managers and executive officers. The deferred compensation recorded represents the value of these units on the date of grant net of amortization expense recognized. Deferred compensation is amortized ratably into expense over the respective service period related to each grant.
Contractual Obligations
As of March 31, 2005, our contractual obligations had not changed materially from those described under the caption Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Contractual Obligations in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004. During the first nine months of fiscal 2005:
We entered into a lease for approximately 26,000 square feet of office space in Boston, Massachusetts, on the terms disclosed in the annual report on Form 10-K;
We exercised our right to renew our database sale and supplementation agreement, as well as several other agreements with TERI, for additional five-year terms through June 2011. Beginning in July 2007, monthly payments pursuant to the database sale and supplementation agreement will be reduced to approximately $21,000;
We entered into a lease for approximately 25,000 additional square feet of office space for our loan processing operations in Boston, Massachusetts for basic annual rent between $745,000 and $872,000 through 2014;
We entered into an operating lease for the use of a corporate aircraft for basic annual rent of approximately $1.4 million through 2009, which was structured to be treated as a capital asset for tax purposes; and
We entered into an equipment financing lease agreement which we will use to finance the purchases of furniture and equipment. The agreement allows us to finance up to $20.0 million worth of furniture and equipment purchased before December 30, 2005. We expect to repay amounts drawn down on the lease in terms ranging from three to five years. As of March 31, 2005, we had $5.1 million outstanding under this line of credit.
Cash Flows
Our net cash provided by operating activities increased to $75.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005, compared to cash used in operations of $10.0 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004. Cash provided by operations resulted primarily from net income of $116.6 million, an increase in our deferred income tax liability of $30.2 million and the tax benefit from employee stock options of $30.4 million, partially offset by an increase in residuals of $101.8 million and an increase in structural advisory fees of $8.4 million.
We used $22.1 million of net cash in investing activities during the first nine months of fiscal 2005. The principal use of net cash was capital expenditures related to the expansion of our loan processing facilities and corporate headquarters and, to a lesser extent, payments for loan database updates from TERI.
We used net cash of $3.8 million in financing activities during the first nine months of fiscal 2005. Cash used in financing activities primarily related to the repayment of the $7.25 million note that we issued to the lead underwriter of the Companys December 2003 securitization, offset in part by the exercise of employee stock options.
We expect that our capital expenditure requirements for the remainder of fiscal 2005 will be approximately $5.3 million. We plan to utilize our equipment line of credit to finance a portion of these costs. We expect to use these funds primarily for the expansion of our loan processing operations and the purchase of computer and office equipment. We currently have capital expenditure commitments over the next 12 months of approximately $4.2 million.
Borrowings
In June 2001, we issued two acquisition notes to TERI totaling $7.9 million to acquire TERIs loan processing operations. Principal and interest at an annual rate of 6% is payable on these notes in 120 monthly payments of an aggregate of $87,706 commencing on July 20, 2001 and ending on June 20, 2011. At March 31, 2005, outstanding principal on these notes totaled $5.5 million as compared to $6.0 million at June 30, 2004.
32
In August 2003, we entered into a $10 million revolving credit facility with Fleet National Bank. Fleet National Bank was subsequently acquired by Bank of America, and our agreement related to this facility has been assigned to Bank of America. The revolving credit facility matures on August 28, 2005, with interest currently payable, at our option, at the banks prime rate, or LIBOR plus 2%. The revolving credit line contains financial covenants, including:
minimum trailing 12-month up-front structural advisory fees of not less than $25 to $30 million;
minimum tangible net worth of not less than the sum of 100% of consolidated tangible net worth plus 85% of consolidated net income;
a maximum liabilities to net worth ratio of not greater than 1.15 to 1.00; and
a minimum cash flow to debt service ratio of not less than 1.50 to 1.00,
as well as certain financial reporting covenants. We expect to be able to meet these financial and reporting requirements during the term of the revolving credit facility and are in compliance with these covenants as of the date of this report. This agreement restricts our ability to pay cash dividends in the event we are in default. As of March 31, 2005, we had no balance outstanding under the revolving credit facility. The maximum annual commitment fee is $25,000. Bank of America has issued on our behalf a letter of credit in the amount of $0.5 million in lieu of security deposits for the lease of office space. Third party beneficiaries have not drawn upon this letter of credit, which reduces the amount that we may borrow under the revolving credit facility.
In December 2003, we issued a $7.25 million note to the lead underwriter of our December 2003 securitization to monetize a substantial portion of the second up-front structural advisory fee payment which we received in July 2004. We repaid the note in full with the first $7.25 million of that payment.
In January 2005, we entered into an equipment financing lease agreement which we will use to finance the purchases of furniture and equipment. The agreement allows us to finance up to $20.0 million worth of furniture and equipment purchased before December 30, 2005. We expect to repay amounts drawn down on the lease in terms ranging from three to five years. As of March 31, 2005, we had $5.1 million outstanding under this line of credit.
Off-Balance Sheet Transactions
We structure and facilitate the securitization of loans for our clients through a series of bankruptcy remote, qualified special purpose trusts. We do not utilize these trusts as a means to transfer assets or liabilities from our balance sheet to those of the trusts because we are not the originator of the securitized student loans or the issuer of the related debt. We do not serve as lender, guarantor or loan servicer. Specifically, these trusts purchase such student loans from third-party financial institutions, the financing of which is provided through the issuance of asset-backed securities.
The principal uses of these trusts are to:
generate sources of liquidity for our clients assets sold into such trusts and to reduce their credit risk;
make available more funds to students and colleges; and
leverage the capital markets to reduce borrowing costs to students.
See Application of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesConsolidation for a discussion of our determination to not consolidate these securitization trusts.
Inflation
Inflation was not a material factor in either revenue or operating expenses during the periods presented.
Factors That May Affect Future Results
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. For this purpose, any statements contained herein regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words anticipates, believes, estimates, expects, intends,
33
may, plans, projects, will, would and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We cannot guarantee that we actually will achieve the plans, intentions or expectations expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements we make. These important factors include our critical accounting estimates and the risk factors set forth below. Although we may elect to update forward-looking statements in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our estimates change, and readers should not rely on those forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report.
Risk Factors
We derive a significant portion of our revenue and substantially all of our income from structuring securitization transactions; our financial results and future growth would be adversely affected if we are unable to structure securitizations.
Securitization refers to the technique of pooling loans and selling them to a special purpose, bankruptcy remote entity, typically a trust, which issues securities to investors backed by those loans. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we have provided structural advisory and other services for 24 loan securitizations since our formation in 1991, and we receive fees for these services. In connection with securitizations, we receive compensation in the form of structural advisory fees, residuals and administrative fees for management of the trusts. The amount and timing of the fees we recognize are affected, in part, by the size and composition of loan pools to be securitized, the return expectations of investors and assumptions we make regarding loan portfolio performance, including defaults, recoveries, prepayments and the cost of funding. Revenue from new securitizations constituted 76% of our total service revenue for the first nine months of fiscal 2005, 78% of our total service revenue for fiscal 2004, 73% of our total service revenue for fiscal 2003 and 64% of our total service revenue in fiscal 2002. Substantially all of our net income in those fiscal periods was attributable to securitization-related revenue.
The timing of our securitization activities will greatly affect our quarterly financial results.
Our quarterly revenue, operating results and profitability have varied and are expected to continue to vary significantly on a quarterly basis. During the first nine months of fiscal 2005, we recognized 8%, 52% and 40% of our total service revenue in the respective fiscal quarters of fiscal 2005. In fiscal 2004, we recognized 5%, 39%, 5% and 51% of our total service revenue in the respective fiscal quarters of 2004. In fiscal 2003, we recognized 7%, 36%, 17% and 40% of our total service revenue in the respective fiscal quarters of 2003. Our quarterly revenue varies primarily because of the timing of the securitizations that we structure. In fiscal 2004, we facilitated one securitization in the second quarter and two securitizations in the fourth quarter, but none in the first or third quarters. Thus far in fiscal 2005, we facilitated one securitization in the second quarter and one securitization in the third quarter. The timing of our securitization activities is affected to some degree by the seasonality of student loan applications and loan originations. Origination of student loans is generally subject to seasonal trends, with the volume of loan applications increasing with the approach of tuition payment dates. In fiscal 2004, we processed 34% of our total loan facilitation volume in the first quarter ended September 30, 2003, and 20%, 27% and 19% of our total loan facilitation volume in the respective successive quarters.
A number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, may adversely affect our securitization activities and thereby adversely affect our results of operations.
Our financial performance and future growth depend in part on our continued success in structuring securitizations. Several factors may affect both our ability to structure securitizations and the revenue we generate for providing our structural advisory and other services, including the following:
degradation of the credit quality and performance in the loan portfolios of the trusts we structure could reduce or eliminate investor demand for securitizations that we facilitate in the future;
prolonged volatility in the capital markets generally or in the student loan sector specifically, which could restrict or delay our access to the capital markets;
unwillingness of financial guarantee providers to offer credit insurance in the securitizations that we structure or in student loan-backed securitizations generally;
adverse performance of, or other problems with, student loan-backed securitizations that other parties facilitate could impact pricing or demand for our securitizations; and
any material downgrading or withdrawal of ratings given to securities previously issued in securitizations that we structured could reduce demand for additional securitizations that we structure.
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A portion of the securities issued since 1998 in securitization transactions that we structured were sold to asset-backed commercial paper conduits. If these or similar asset-backed conduits cease to purchase securities in the securitizations that we structure, we may experience a delay in the timing of our securitizations as we seek to find alternate channels of distribution.
Under the terms of some of our contracts with key lender clients, we have an obligation to securitize loans originated by those lenders periodically, typically twice per year. We may agree with other lenders to securitize more frequently in the future. If we do not honor these obligations, we may be required to pay liquidated or other damages, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
In connection with our recognition of revenue from securitization transactions, if the estimates we make, and the assumptions on which we rely, in preparing our financial statements prove inaccurate, our actual results may vary from those reflected in our financial statements.
We receive structural advisory fees for our services in connection with securitization transactions. We receive an up-front portion of these structural advisory fees when the securitization trust purchases the loans or soon thereafter. We receive an additional portion of these structural advisory fees over time, based on the amount of loans outstanding in the trust from time to time over the life of the trust. We also have the right to receive a portion of the residual interests that the trust creates. As required under GAAP, we recognize as revenue the present value of the additional portion of the structural advisory fees and residuals at the time the securitization trust purchases the loans because they are deemed to be earned before they are actually paid to us. We record additional structural advisory fees and residuals as receivables on our balance sheet at fair value. Accounting rules require that these receivables be marked-to-market. We estimate the fair value both initially and in each subsequent quarter and reflect the change in value in earnings for that period. Our key assumptions to estimate the value include prepayment and discount rates, interest rate trends, the spread between LIBOR and the auction rates on our senior auction rate notes, the expected credit losses from the underlying securitized loan portfolio, net of recoveries, and the expected timing of cash flows from the trusts underlying student loan assets. If our assumptions are wrong, the additional structural advisory fees and residuals that we receive from the trusts could be significantly less than reflected in our current financial statements, and we may incur a material negative adjustment to our earnings in the period in which our assumptions change. For a discussion of the sensitivity of the additional structural advisory fees and residuals to variations in our assumptions and estimates, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsExecutive SummaryApplication of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesService Revenue-Sensitivity Analysis."
Our residuals in each securitization we have facilitated are subordinate to securities issued to investors in such securitizations and may fail to generate any revenue for us if the securitized assets only generate enough revenue to pay the investors.
Our financial results could be adversely affected if we were required to consolidate the financial results of the entities that we use for securitizations that we facilitate.
We provide structural advisory and other services for loan securitizations undertaken through Delaware statutory trusts. We do not consolidate the financial results of the trusts with our own financial results. For a discussion of our decision not to consolidate, see Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsExecutive SummaryApplication of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesConsolidation included in this Quarterly Report. Some of the relevant accounting rules are in the process of being amended. If we were required to consolidate the financial results of one or more trusts with our own financial results as a result of amendments or changes in accounting rules, or if the SEC or other accounting authorities do not agree with our current approach, our financial results could be adversely affected, particularly in the early years of a trust when the trust typically experiences losses.
In structuring and facilitating securitizations of our clients loans and as holders of rights to receive residual cash flows in those trusts, we may incur liabilities to investors in the asset-backed securities those trusts issue.
We have facilitated and structured a number of different special purpose trusts that have been used in securitizations to finance student loans that our clients originate. Under applicable state and federal securities laws, if investors incur losses as a result of purchasing asset-backed securities that those trusts issue, we could be deemed responsible and could be liable to those investors for damages. If we failed to cause the trusts to disclose adequately all material information regarding an investment in the asset-backed securities or if the trust made statements that were misleading in any material respect in information delivered to investors, it is possible that we could be held responsible for that information or omission. In addition, under various agreements entered into with underwriters or financial guarantee insurers of those asset-backed securities, we are contractually bound to indemnify those persons if investors are successful in seeking to recover losses from those parties and the trusts are found to have made materially misleading statements or to have omitted material information.
We do not maintain reserves or insurance against this potential liability. If we are liable for losses investors incur in any of the securitizations that we facilitate or structure, our profitability or financial position could be materially adversely affected.
If our relationships with key clients terminate, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely affected.
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We structure and support private student loan programs for commercial banks, including JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as successor by merger to Bank One, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A. We also structure and support private student loan programs for marketing partners that refer their borrowers to a particular lending source, such as Charter One Bank, N.A. We refer to these lenders as referral lenders. Structural advisory fees and residuals from securitization of JP Morgan Chase Bank private label loans represented approximately 31% of our total service revenue for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and approximately 43% of our total service revenue for fiscal 2004. Structural advisory fees and residuals from securitization of Bank of America private label loans represented approximately 14% of total service revenue for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and approximately 9% of total service revenue for fiscal 2004. In addition, Bank of America is the exclusive lender for our GATE program clients. Our GATE programs contributed 4% of our total service revenue in fiscal 2004. Structural advisory fees and residuals from securitization of private label loans funded by Charter One represented approximately 24% of our total service revenue for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 and approximately 17% of our total service revenue in fiscal 2004.
We have agreements with these commercial banks that govern the purchase of loans for securitization. Our agreement with JP Morgan Chase Bank, as successor by merger to Bank One, is scheduled to terminate in April 2007. Our agreement with Charter One is scheduled to terminate in May 2006, except with respect to loans marketed by Collegiate Funding Services, L.L.C. and funded by Charter One, in which case our agreement has a term through July 2007. Our agreement with Bank of America governing the purchase of school channel loans can be terminated at any time upon 180 days notice. Of our two agreements with Bank of America that govern the purchase of GATE loans, one may terminate at any time upon 120 days notice and the other may terminate as early as May 2006. Our agreement with Bank of America governing the purchase of direct-to-consumer loans may terminate as early as May 2006. Each client above has the right to terminate their agreement on short notice, generally 30 days or less, if we materially breach our agreement, including our failure to perform at service levels specified in those contracts. In addition, under the terms of our lender clients guaranty agreements with TERI, both the lender and TERI may propose modifications to loan program guidelines during the first calendar quarter of each year. If the parties are unable to agree on a proposed modification, such as an adjustment of the guaranty fees, the party proposing the modification has the option of terminating the guaranty agreement, effective as of May 1 of that calendar year. Under its master loan guaranty agreement with us, TERI may not propose a change to program guidelines without our consent. Similarly, under our agreements with lenders that have multi-year terms, the lender cannot change the program guidelines without our consent, which we cannot unreasonably withhold.
A significant decline in services to JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America or Charter One, or the termination of guaranty agreements between those lenders and TERI, could reduce the overall volume of loans we facilitate, which could be difficult to replace through arrangements with other lenders. Our revenue, business and financial results could suffer as a result.
If our relationship with TERI terminates, our business could be adversely affected.
In June 2001, we purchased the loan processing operations of TERI and entered into a series of agreements to govern future securitizations of TERI-guaranteed loans. TERI continues to provide private student loan guarantee, education information and counseling services for students, and is the exclusive third party provider of borrower default guarantees for our clients private label loans. We have entered into an agreement to provide various services for TERI and received fees from TERI for services performed of $54.5 million, or 18% of total service revenue, for the first nine months of fiscal 2005, $22.9 million, or 23% of total service revenue, for the first nine months of fiscal 2004 and $35.1 million, or 18% of total service revenue, for fiscal 2004. In addition, we have agreed to undertake on a best-efforts basis to arrange or facilitate securitizations for a limited category of TERI-guaranteed loans and have the right to receive structural advisory and other fees in connection with these securitizations. We also have entered into an agreement to receive from TERI updated information about the performance of the student loans it has guaranteed to allow us to supplement our database. Each of these agreements with TERI had an initial term through June 2006. In October 2004, we exercised our option to renew each agreement for an additional five-year term, through June 2011. If our agreements with TERI terminate for any reason, or if TERI fails to comply with its obligations, our business would be adversely affected and the value of our intangible assets could be impaired for the following reasons:
we may not be able to offer our clients guarantee services from another guarantor and, accordingly, our access to loans and our opportunities to structure securitization transactions may diminish significantly;
we may not be successful in establishing an arrangement with a third party to provide the warranties that TERI currently provides to lenders related to origination services. In such case, we may be required to provide such warranties; and
if TERI is unable to provide guarantee services, the financial guarantee insurance coverage we obtain in securitization transactions could be more costly, if it is available at all.
In such events, demand for our services, including opportunities to structure and facilitate securitization transactions, could decline, which would adversely affect our business. In addition, the value of the loan pools in the securitization transactions we
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facilitate could decline and the value of our residuals could be reduced.
Our business could be adversely affected if TERIs ratings are downgraded, if TERI fails to maintain its not-for-profit status or if TERIs not-for-profit status ceased to be a competitive advantage.
In its role as guarantor in the private education lending market, TERI agrees to reimburse lenders for unpaid principal and interest on defaulted loans. TERI is the exclusive provider of borrower default guarantees for our clients private student loans. As of March 31, 2005, TERI had a Baa3 counterparty rating from Moodys Investors Service, which is the lowest investment grade rating, and an insurer financial strength rating of A+ from Fitch Ratings. If these ratings are lowered, our clients may not wish to enter into guarantee arrangements with TERI. In addition, we may receive lower structural advisory fees because the costs of obtaining financial guarantee insurance for the asset-backed securitizations that we structure could increase. In such case, our business would be adversely affected.
TERI is a not-for-profit organization and, as a result, borrowers have been deemed unable to discharge in bankruptcy proceedings loans that TERI guarantees. If TERI loses its not-for-profit status, and TERI-guaranteed student loans become dischargeable in bankruptcy, recovery rates on these loans could decline. In such event, our business could be adversely affected for the following reasons:
our residuals in the securitization trusts could decline because of increased default rates and collection costs; and
the securitization transactions that we structure could be on less favorable terms because investors and financial guarantee insurers could become more concerned with default and recovery rates.
Assuming that TERI retains its not-for-profit status, TERIs position as the leading provider of private education loan guarantees may be adversely affected by recent amendments to the U.S. federal bankruptcy laws. As a result of these amendments:
lenders who currently seek a guarantee from a not-for-profit entity such as TERI in order for their private student loans for higher education expenses to become non-dischargeable in bankruptcy may cease to do so; and accordingly
TERI may cease to have a competitive advantage over potential for-profit providers of guarantees of private student loans for higher education expenses.
As a result, lenders may be less inclined to utilize the TERI-guaranteed private label loan programs, which could, in turn harm our business and results of operations.
Our business could be adversely affected if PHEAA fails to provide adequate or timely services or if our relationship with PHEAA terminates.
As of March 31, 2005, Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency, or PHEAA, serviced a majority of loans whose origination we facilitate. This arrangement allows us to increase the volume of loans in our clients loan programs without incurring the overhead investment in servicing operations. As with any external service provider, there are risks associated with inadequate or untimely services. We regularly monitor the servicing portfolio reports, including delinquencies and defaults. A substantial increase in the delinquency rate could adversely affect our ability to access profitably the securitization markets for our clients loans. In addition, if our relationship with PHEAA terminates, we would either need to expand or develop a relationship with another TERI-approved loan servicer, which could be time consuming and costly. In such event, our business could be adversely affected. Although we periodically review the costs associated with establishing servicing operations to service loans, we have no plans to establish and perform servicing operations at this time.
Surety limits that some of our GATE school clients face may lead us to make deposits in the securitization trusts established by The National Collegiate Trust on behalf of such schools.
We have utilized several special purpose entities for the securitizations we have structured. One of these special purpose entities, The National Collegiate Trust, has established separate securitization trusts, which we refer to as the NCT trusts, that have purchased primarily GATE loans. Some of the school clients participating in our GATE program face limits on the amount of surety coverage which our current insurance vendor is willing to provide on their behalf. This surety coverage provides NCT trust bondholders with assurance that the pledge commitment these school clients make to reimburse the NCT trusts for defaults by their
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student borrowers will be fulfilled. We can provide no assurance that in NCT trusts established in the future, our current insurance vendor will provide adequate surety coverage for all schools participating in the GATE program.
As these surety coverage limits are reached, we will consider various options for providing NCT trust bondholders in NCT trusts with additional credit enhancement so that school clients may continue to participate in the GATE program. For example, in our June 2004 securitization, we made a cash deposit with the NCT trust on behalf of six schools, in an amount adequate to cover the additional surety amount required beyond what the GATE programs current surety provider was willing to provide on the schools behalf. Our aggregate cash surety deposit on behalf of these schools was $1.8 million. We could lose some or all of this deposit and future deposits we make on behalf of schools should such schools breach their commitments to reimburse the NCT trusts for defaults by their student borrowers.
The outsourcing services market for education lending is highly competitive, and if we are not able to compete effectively, our revenue and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We assist national and regional financial institutions and educational institutions, as well as businesses and other enterprises, in structuring and supporting their private education loan programs. In providing our services, we receive fees for services we provide primarily in connection with the securitization of our clients loans. The outsourcing services market in which we operate includes a large number of service providers, some of which have greater financial, technical and marketing resources, larger customer bases, greater name recognition and more established relationships with their clients than we have. Larger competitors with greater financial resources may be better able to respond to the need for technological changes, compete for skilled professionals, build upon efficiencies based on a larger volume of loan transactions, fund internal growth and compete for market share generally. We may face competition from our clients if they choose to provide directly the services that we currently provide, and from third parties who decide to expand their services to include the suite of services that we provide. We are aware of two principal competitors, SLM Corporation, or Sallie Mae, and Servus Financial Corporation, an affiliate of Wells Fargo Company, that offer a similar range of services to lenders. Our business could also be adversely affected if Sallie Maes recently announced program to market private student loans directly to consumers becomes successful or if Sallie Mae seeks to market more aggressively to third parties the full range of services for private loan programs that we provide. If we are not able to compete effectively, our revenue and results of operations may be adversely affected. In addition, if third parties choose to provide the range of services that we provide, pricing for our services may become more competitive, which could lower our profitability.
In addition, there has been significant consolidation within the banking industry. For example, Charter One Financial, Inc., the publicly traded parent company of Charter One Bank, N.A., was recently acquired by Citizens Financial Group, Inc., and Bank One Corporation recently merged with J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. In addition, Sallie Mae recently acquired our client, Southwest Student Services Corporation, resulting in termination of our relationship with that client. Further consolidation could result in a loss of business if one or more of our clients were acquired by a competitor or a lender that is not our client.
Historically, lenders in the education loan market have focused their lending activities on federal loans because of the relative size of the federal loan market and because the federal government guarantees repayment of these loans, thereby significantly limiting the lenders credit risk. The demand for our services could decline if lenders place additional emphasis on the private education loan market and offer the services we provide.
The growth of our business could be adversely affected if annual and aggregate limitations under federal student loan programs increase.
We focus our business exclusively on the market for private education loans, and more than 90% of our business is concentrated in loan programs for post-secondary education. The availability of loans that the federal government originates or guarantees affects the demand for private student loans because students and their families often rely on private loans to bridge the gap between available funds, including family savings, grants and federal and state loans, and the costs of post-secondary education. The federal government currently places both annual and aggregate limitations on the amount of federal loans that any student can receive, and these limitations are adjusted in connection with funding authorizations from the United States Congress for programs under the Higher Education Act. The limitations on federal student loans have not been adjusted since 1992, and Congress is currently considering proposals that could increase the limitations in the future. If Congress materially increases either the annual or aggregate loan limitations, or otherwise increases the funding available under federal student loan programs, demand for private student loans could weaken, which could adversely affect the volume of private loans and the securitization transactions that we facilitate and structure and, as a result, the growth of our business.
Access to alternative means of financing the costs of education may reduce demand for private student loans.
The demand for private student loans could weaken if student borrowers use other vehicles to bridge the gap between available funds and costs of post-secondary education. These vehicles include, among others:
home equity loans, under which families borrow money based on the value of their real estate;
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pre-paid tuition plans, which allow students to pay tuition at todays rates to cover tuition costs in the future;
529 plans, which are state-sponsored investment plans that allow a family to save funds for education expenses; and
education IRAs, now known as Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, under which a holder can make annual contributions for education savings.
If demand for private student loans weakens, we would experience reduced demand for our services, which would seriously harm our financial results.
If competitors acquire or develop a student loan database or advanced loan information processing systems, our business could be adversely affected.
We own a proprietary database of historical information on private student loan performance that we use to help us establish the pricing provisions of new loan programs, determine the terms of securitization transactions and establish the present value of the structural advisory fees and residuals that we recognize as revenue. We also have developed a proprietary loan information processing system to enhance our application processing and loan origination capabilities. Our student loan database and loan information processing system provide us with a competitive advantage in offering our services. Third parties could create or acquire databases and systems such as ours. For example, as lenders and other organizations in the student loan market originate or service loans, they compile over time information for their own student loan performance database. If a third party creates or acquires a student loan database or develops a loan information processing system, our competitive positioning, ability to attract new clients and business could be adversely affected.
If our clients do not successfully market and sell student loans, our business will be adversely affected.
We provide outsourcing services to lenders, marketing partners and educational institutions, as well as businesses and other organizations, in structuring and supporting their private education loan programs. We rely on our clients to market and sell education loans to student borrowers. If they do not devote sufficient time and resources to their marketing efforts, or if they are otherwise not successful in these efforts, then we may experience a reduction in the volume of loans that we process and securitize, and our business will be adversely affected.
Changes in interest rates could affect the value of our additional structural advisory fees and residuals receivables, as well as demand for private student loans and our services.
Student loans typically carry floating interest rates. Higher interest rates would increase the cost of the loan to the borrower, which in turn, could lessen demand for our services and cause an increase in prepayment and default rates for outstanding student loans. If this occurs, we may experience a decline in the value of our additional structural advisory fees and residuals receivables in connection with the securitizations that we facilitate. In addition, most of the student loans that our clients originate carry floating rates of interest tied to prevailing short-term interest rates. An increase in interest rates could reduce borrowing for education generally, which, in turn, could cause the overall demand for our services to decline.
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary database and information systems and processes, the value of our services and technology will be adversely affected.
We rely on trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our proprietary database and information systems and processes. We have entered into confidentiality agreements with third parties and with some of our employees to maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets and proprietary information. These methods may neither effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information nor provide meaningful protection for our confidential information if there is unauthorized use or disclosure.
We own no patents and have filed no patent applications with respect to our proprietary database or loan information processing systems. Accordingly, our technology is not covered by patents that would preclude or inhibit competitors from entering our market. Monitoring unauthorized use of the systems and processes that we developed is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps that we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology. Furthermore, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our proprietary information. If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information and know-how, the value of our technology and services will be adversely affected.
An interruption in or breach of our information systems may result in lost business.
We rely heavily upon communications and information systems to conduct our business. As we implement our growth
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strategy and increase our volume of business, that reliance will increase. Any failure or interruption, or breach in security, of our information systems or the third party information systems on which we rely could cause underwriting or other delays and could result in fewer loan applications being received, slower processing of applications and reduced efficiency in loan processing. A failure, interruption or breach in security could also result in an obligation to notify clients in states such as California that require such notification, with possible civil liability resulting from such failure, interruption or breach. We cannot assure you that such failures, interruptions or breaches will not occur, or if they do occur that we or the third parties on which we rely will adequately address them. We have implemented precautionary measures to avoid systems outages and to minimize the effects of any data or telephone systems interruptions, but we have not instituted fully redundant systems. The occurrence of any failure, interruption or breach could significantly harm our business.
If we experience a data security breach and confidential customer information is disclosed, we may be subject to penalties imposed by regulators, civil actions for damages and negative publicity, which could affect our customer relationships and have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, current state and federal legislative proposals, if enacted, may impose additional requirements on us to safeguard confidential customer information, which may result in increased compliance costs.
Recently, data security breaches suffered by well-known companies and institutions have attracted a substantial amount of media attention, prompting state and federal legislative proposals addressing data privacy and security. If some of the current proposals are adopted, we may be subject to more extensive requirements to protect the borrower information that we process in connection with the loans. Implementation of systems and procedures to address these requirements would increase our compliance costs. If we were to experience a large-scale data security breach, such breach could generate negative publicity about us and could adversely affect our relationships with our clients, including the lenders and educational institutions with which we do business. This could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, pending legislative proposals, if adopted, likely would result in substantial penalties for unauthorized disclosure of confidential consumer information.
The loan origination process is becoming increasingly dependent upon technological advancement, and we could lose clients and market share if we are not able to keep pace with rapid changes in technology.
Our ability to handle an increasing volume of transactions is based in large part on the advanced systems and processes we have implemented and developed. The loan origination process is becoming increasingly dependent upon technological advancement such as the ability to process loans over the Internet, accept electronic signatures and provide process updates instantly. Our future success depends in part on our ability to develop and implement technology solutions that anticipate and keep pace with these and other continuing changes in technology, industry standards and client preferences. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these developments on a timely basis. If competitors introduce products, services, systems and processes that are better than ours or that gain greater market acceptance, those that we offer or use may become obsolete or noncompetitive. Any one of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to obtain and retain key clients.
We may be required to expend significant funds to develop or acquire new technologies. If we cannot offer new technologies as quickly as our competitors, we could lose clients and market share. We also could lose market share if our competitors develop more cost effective technologies than those we offer or develop.
We have expanded our operations rapidly in recent years, and if we fail to manage effectively our growth, our financial results could be adversely affected.
The number of our employees increased to 813 regular employees and 18 seasonal and part time employees as of March 31, 2005 from 345 regular employees and 12 seasonal employees as of March 31, 2004. Many of these employees have very limited experience with us and a limited understanding of our systems and controls. From our inception to March 31, 2005, our assets have grown to $543.7 million. Our revenue increased to $297.8 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2005 from $98.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2004. Our revenue increased to $199.3 million in fiscal 2004 from $91.4 million for fiscal 2003 and $41.3 million for fiscal 2002. Our growth may place a strain on our management, systems and resources. We must continue to refine and expand our business development capabilities, our systems and processes and our access to financing sources. As we grow, we must continue to hire, train, supervise and manage new employees. We cannot assure you that we will be able to:
expand our systems effectively;
allocate our human resources optimally;
identify and hire qualified employees; or
incorporate effectively the components of any business that we may acquire in our effort to achieve growth.
If we are unable to manage our growth, our operations and our financial results could be adversely affected.
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We may be subject to state registration or licensing requirements in jurisdictions where we are not currently registered or licensed. If we determine that we are subject to the registration or licensing requirements of any jurisdiction, our compliance costs could increase significantly and other adverse consequences may result.
Based on the advice of counsel and, in some states, additional informal advice from state regulators, we have been operating on the basis that no registrations or licenses for loan brokers and loan arrangers are required of us, except in Pennsylvania, where local counsel had advised us that we needed to register as a loan broker with the Pennsylvania Department of Banking. Although we believe that our prior consultations with national and local counsel identified all material registration, licensing and other regulatory requirements then applicable, we are conducting a nationwide review of state registration and licensing requirements that may be applicable to us now, based on the expansion of the scope of the services we provide and the time elapsed since the initial review. As a result of this review, we may determine that registration and licensing are required in jurisdictions where we are not currently registered or licensed. Even if we are not physically present in a state, its regulators may take the position that registration or licensing is required because we provide services by mail, telephone, the Internet or other remote means. If we identify any states in which registration or licensing is required, we will proceed with registration or licensing in the affected state. If any state asserts jurisdiction over our business, we will consider whether to challenge the assertion or proceed with registration or licensing in the affected state. Compliance with such requirements could involve additional costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our failure to comply with these laws could lead to, among other things: (a) curtailment of our ability to continue to conduct business in the relevant jurisdiction, pending processing of registration or a license application, (b) administrative enforcement actions, (c) class action lawsuits, (d) the assertion of legal defenses delaying or otherwise affecting the enforcement of loans, and (e) criminal as well as civil liability. This could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If the regulatory exemptions or rulings that allow us to conduct our business without registration or licensing are modified or revoked, or the statutory and regulatory requirements change in the future, our compliance costs could increase substantially.
The Massachusetts Division of Banks ruled that our business with TERI is not subject to licensing because, as a provider of loan origination outsourcing services, we do not conduct a lending business with consumers in our own name and our processing centers are not generally open to the public. The Massachusetts Small Loan Act requires any person that is engaged, for compensation, in the business of making small loans, or in aiding or assisting the borrower or the lender in procuring or making such loans, to obtain a license. Under the statute, the business of making small loans includes the making of loans of $6,000 or less with interest rates and expenses of more than 12% per year. The TERI-guaranteed loans that we facilitate include amounts as small as $1,000, and a small portion of those loans have combined interest rates and fees exceeding 12%. We could therefore become subject to the Small Loan Act with respect to these loans if the Massachusetts Division of Banks revokes its previous determination that our operations are exempt or determines that our activities exceed the scope of the determination.
We could also become subject to registration or licensing requirements due to changes in existing federal and state laws and regulations. The Massachusetts legislature could, for example, modify the statutory requirements under the Small Loan Act. If the Massachusetts legislature, or any other state or federal regulatory authority, changes existing laws and rules, or enacts new laws or rules, we could be forced to make changes in our relationships with lenders, educational institutions, guarantors, servicers or the trusts involved in the securitizations that we facilitate. Specifically, changes in existing laws and rules could also require us to implement additional or different programs and information technology systems and could impose licensing, capital and reserve requirements and additional costs, including administrative, compliance and third-party service costs.
We may be exposed to liability for failures of third parties with which we do business to comply with the registration, licensing and other requirements that apply to them.
Third parties with which we do business, including federal and state chartered financial institutions as well as TERI, are subject to registration, licensing and extensive governmental regulations, including Truth-in-Lending laws and other consumer protection laws and regulations. As a result of the activities that we conduct for our clients, it may be asserted that we have some responsibility for their compliance with the laws and regulations applicable to them, whether on contractual or other grounds. If it is determined that we have failed to comply with our obligations with respect to these third parties, we could be subject to civil or criminal liability.
We could also become subject to registration or licensing and other regulatory requirements in Massachusetts and other states by expanding the scope or extent of our services.
We are in the process of expanding the scope of the services we provide on behalf of lenders to include certain advertising and marketing functions. As a result of this expansion of our services, or if we expand our services in the future to include, among others, loan guarantees, our current exemption from the Massachusetts Small Loan Act could be invalidated, and consequently, we may need to obtain a license from the Massachusetts Division of Banks. In addition, we may become subject to the laws and regulations of other states governing such expanded services. We may also become subject to state regulatory requirements if the extent of the activities that we conduct in a particular state expands. Compliance with such requirements could involve additional costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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Failure to comply with consumer protection laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties and have a material adverse effect on our business.
The federal government and state governments regulate extensively the financial institutions and other entities that originate loans in the student loan market. These regulations include bankruptcy, tax, usury, disclosure, credit reporting, identity theft, privacy, fraud and abuse and other laws to protect borrowers. Changes in consumer protection laws or related regulations, or in the prevailing interpretations thereof, may expose us to litigation, adversely affect the collection of balances due on the loan assets held by securitization trusts or otherwise adversely affect our business. Moreover, changes in the consumer protection laws and related regulations, or in the prevailing interpretations thereof, could invalidate or call into question the legality of certain of our services and business practices. Recent or future changes in federal and state bankruptcy and debtor relief laws may increase credit losses on the loans held by securitization trusts and related administrative expenses. Violations of the laws or regulations governing our operations, or the operations of TERI or our other clients, could result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties, the cancellation of our contracts to provide services or our exclusion from participating in education loan programs. These penalties or exclusions, were they to occur, would negatively impair our ability to operate our business. In addition, the loan assets held by securitization trusts that we have structured could be adversely impacted by violation of tax or consumer protection laws. In such event, the value of our residual interests could also be adversely impacted. In some cases, such violations may render the loan assets unenforceable.
Recent litigation has sought to recharacterize payday loan and other originators as lenders; if litigation on similar theories were successful against us or any third party marketer, the loans that we securitize would be subject to individual state consumer protection laws.
We provide financial and educational institutions, as well as other organizations, with an integrated suite of services in support of private student loan programs. The lenders with which we work are federally-insured banks and, therefore, are not subject to many state consumer protection laws, including limitations on interest rates, fees and other charges. In providing our services, we do not act as a lender, guarantor or loan servicer, and the terms of the loans that we securitize are regulated in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the lenders.
The association between loan marketers and out-of-state national banks has come under recent scrutiny, specifically in the context of high-interest payday loans. Recent litigation asserts that payday loan marketers use out-of-state lenders in order to evade the usury and interest rate caps, and other consumer protection laws, imposed by the states where they do business. Such litigation has sought, successfully in some instances, to recharacterize the loan marketer as the lender for purposes of state consumer protection law restrictions. Similar civil actions have been brought in the context of gift cards. We believe that our activities, and the activities of third parties whose marketing on behalf of lenders is coordinated by us, are distinguishable from the activities involved in these cases.
Although we do not make, guarantee or service the loans and our activities are done in the name of and under the control and supervision of lenders, additional state consumer protection laws would be applicable to the loans if we, or any third party loan marketer whose activities we coordinate, were recharacterized as a lender, and the loans (or the provisions governing interest rates, fees and other charges) could be unenforceable. In addition, we could be subject to claims by consumers, as well as enforcement actions by regulators. Even if we were not required to cease doing business with residents of certain states or to change our business practices to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could be required to register or obtain licenses or regulatory approvals that could impose a substantial cost on us. To date, there have been no actions taken or threatened against us on the theory that we have engaged in unauthorized lending. However, such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The price of our common stock may be volatile.
The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially, depending on many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose part or all of your investment in our shares of common stock. Those factors that could cause fluctuations include, but are not limited to, the following:
difficulties we may encounter in the securitizations that we structure or the loss of opportunities to structure securitization transactions;
price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;
significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of financial services and process outsourcing companies;
actual or anticipated changes in our earnings or fluctuations in our operating results or in the expectations of securities analysts;
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general economic conditions and trends;
negative publicity about the student loan market generally or us specifically;
major catastrophic events;
loss of a significant client or clients;
sales of large blocks of our stock; or
departures of key personnel.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a companys securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Due to the potential volatility of our stock price, we may therefore be the target of securities litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert managements attention and resources from our business.
If a substantial number of shares become available for sale and are sold in a short period of time, the market price of our common stock could decline.
We have only been a public company since October 2003. For the twelve month period ended March 31, 2005, the average daily trading volume of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was approximately 375,000 shares. As a result, future sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the then-prevailing market price of our common stock.
As of April 30, 2005, we had 66,113,757 shares of common stock outstanding. In connection with our follow-on offering completed in January 2005, 31,955,605 shares were subject to lock-up agreements with the underwriters of the offering. These lock-up agreements expired on April 12, 2005. Subject to limitations under federal securities laws, including in some cases the holding period requirements and volume limitations of Rule 144, these shares are eligible for sale in the public market. The market price of shares of our common stock may drop significantly if our existing stockholders sell a substantial number of shares that had previously been subject to lock-up agreements. A decline in the price of shares of our common stock might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities.
Insiders have substantial control over us and could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.
Our directors and executive officers, and entities affiliated with them, beneficially own approximately 51% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, these stockholders, if acting together, would be able to influence or control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.
Some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may deter third parties from acquiring us.
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult without the approval of our board of directors, including the following:
only our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors or our president may call special meetings of our stockholders;
our stockholders may take action only at a meeting of our stockholders and not by written consent;
we have authorized undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval;
our directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present, or the holders of 75% of the votes that all stockholders would be entitled to cast
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in the election of directors; and
we impose advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals.
These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may delay, defer or prevent a change in control that our stockholders might consider to be in their best interests.
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits business combinations between a Delaware corporation and an interested stockholder, which is generally defined as a stockholder who becomes a beneficial owner of 15% or more of a Delaware corporations voting stock, for a three-year period following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder. Section 203 could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control that our stockholders might consider to be in their best interests.
Item 3Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
General
Market risk is the risk of change in fair value of a financial instrument due to changes in interest rates, equity prices, creditworthiness, foreign exchange rates or other factors. We manage our market risk through a conservative investment policy, the primary objective of which is preservation of capital. At March 31, 2005, cash and other short-term investments consisted of balances in money market funds. As a result, we do not believe a change in interest rate would have a material impact on the fair value of cash and other short-term investments.
Risks Related to Structural Advisory Fees and Residuals
Because there are no quoted market prices for our additional structural advisory fees and residuals receivables, we use assumptions to estimate their values. We base these estimates on our proprietary historical data, third party data and our industry experience, adjusting for specific program and borrower characteristics such as loan type and borrower creditworthiness. Increases in our estimates of defaults, prepayments and discount rates, increases in the spread between LIBOR and auction rates, as well as decreases in default recovery rates and the multi-year forward estimates of the LIBOR rate, which is the reference rate for the loan assets and borrowings of the securitization trusts, would have a negative effect on the value of our additional structural advisory fees and residuals. For an analysis of the estimated change in our structural advisory fees and residuals receivables balances at March 31, 2005 based on changes in these loan performance assumptions, see Application of Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesService RevenueSensitivity Analysis.
Item 4Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of the our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2005. The term disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the companys management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2005, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2005 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Item 2Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(b) Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
In our initial public offering, we sold 7,906,250 shares of common stock, including an over-allotment option of 1,031,750 shares, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-108531) that was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 30, 2003. We received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $115.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $8.9 million and expenses of the offering of approximately $2.5 million. From the effective date of the registration statement through March 31, 2005, we have not spent any of the net proceeds of the IPO, which have been invested in cash and other short-term investments. Accordingly, none of the net proceeds of the IPO has been paid by us, directly or indirectly, to any director, officer or general partner of us, or any of their associates, or to any person owning ten percent or more of any class of our equity securities, or any of our affiliates.
In June 2004, we completed a follow-on public offering of 7,406,312 shares of our common stock, including an over-allotment option of 966,041 shares, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-116142) that was declared effective by the SEC on June 22, 2004. All of these shares were offered by selling stockholders, and we did not receive any proceeds from the offering.
In January 2005, we completed a follow-on public offering of 3,933,605 shares of our common stock, including an over-allotment option of 513,078 shares, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-120740) that was declared effective by the SEC on January 12, 2005. All of these shares were offered by selling stockholders, and we did not receive any proceeds from the offering.
See the Exhibit Index on the page immediately preceding the exhibits for a list of exhibits filed as part of this quarterly report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by this reference.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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THE FIRST MARBLEHEAD CORPORATION |
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Date: May 13, 2005 |
By: |
/s/ Donald R. Peck |
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Donald R. Peck |
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Executive Vice President, |
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Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary |
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(Duly authorized officer and principal financial officer) |
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Exhibit Number |
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Description |
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31.1 |
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Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
31.2 |
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Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 |
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Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 |
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Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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