SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2005 |
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or |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number: 000-50791
SENOMYX, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |
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33-0843840 |
11099
North Torrey Pines Road |
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(858) 646-8300 |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Total shares of common stock outstanding as of the close of business on April 30, 2005: 25,458,976.
SENOMYX, INC.
2
ITEM 1. CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SENOMYX, INC.
(In thousands, except for per shares amounts)
(Unaudited)
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March 31, 2005 |
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December 31, 2004 |
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(Unaudited) |
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[Note] |
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
16,307 |
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$ |
17,085 |
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Investments available-for-sale |
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19,448 |
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23,762 |
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Other current assets |
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2,276 |
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1,213 |
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Total current assets |
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38,031 |
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42,060 |
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Property and equipment, net |
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2,108 |
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1,742 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
40,139 |
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$ |
43,802 |
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Liabilities and stockholders equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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$ |
2,604 |
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$ |
3,208 |
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Other current liabilities |
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110 |
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153 |
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Deferred revenue |
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1,170 |
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1,858 |
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Total current liabilities |
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3,884 |
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5,219 |
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Deferred rent |
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195 |
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210 |
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Commitments |
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Stockholders equity: |
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Common stock, $.001 par value; 120,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2005 (unaudited) and December 31, 2004; 25,453,759 and 25,309,565 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2005 (unaudited) and December 31, 2004, respectively |
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25 |
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25 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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127,777 |
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126,243 |
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Deferred compensation |
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(2,742 |
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(3,492 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
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(12 |
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(7 |
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Accumulated deficit |
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(88,988 |
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(84,396 |
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Total stockholders equity |
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36,060 |
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38,373 |
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
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$ |
40,139 |
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$ |
43,802 |
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[NOTE: The balance sheet at December 31, 2004 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.]
See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.
3
SENOMYX, INC.
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)
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Three months ended March 31, |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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Revenue under collaborative agreements |
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$ |
2,966 |
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$ |
2,241 |
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Operating expenses: |
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Research and development |
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4,328 |
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3,950 |
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General and administrative |
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1,663 |
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1,010 |
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Stock-based compensation: |
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Research and development |
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831 |
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593 |
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General and administrative |
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961 |
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1,687 |
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Total operating expenses |
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7,783 |
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7,240 |
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Loss from operations |
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(4,817 |
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(4,999 |
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Interest income |
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225 |
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40 |
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Net loss |
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$ |
(4,592 |
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$ |
(4,959 |
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Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
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$ |
(0.18 |
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$ |
(2.63 |
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Shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted |
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25,185,032 |
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1,887,674 |
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Pro forma net loss per common share assuming conversion of preferred stock, basic and diluted |
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$ |
(0.18 |
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$ |
(0.27 |
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Shares used in computing pro forma net loss per common share assuming conversion of preferred stock, basic and diluted |
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25,185,032 |
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18,092,980 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.
4
SENOMYX, INC.
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
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Three months ended March 31, |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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Operating activities |
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Net loss |
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$ |
(4,592 |
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$ |
(4,959 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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312 |
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389 |
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Stock-based compensation for non-employees |
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1,042 |
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577 |
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Amortization of deferred compensation |
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750 |
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1,703 |
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Change in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Other assets |
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(1,042 |
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(217 |
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Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
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(647 |
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613 |
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Deferred revenue |
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(688 |
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(74 |
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Deferred rent |
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(15 |
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7 |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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(4,880 |
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(1,961 |
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Investing activities |
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Purchases of property and equipment |
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(694 |
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(347 |
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Purchases of available-for-sale securities |
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(11,471 |
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Maturities of available-for-sale securities |
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15,775 |
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1,792 |
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Net cash provided by investing activities |
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3,610 |
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1,445 |
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Financing activities |
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Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
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492 |
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360 |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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492 |
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360 |
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Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
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(778 |
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(156 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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17,085 |
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13,493 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
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$ |
16,307 |
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$ |
13,337 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.
5
SENOMYX, INC.
1. Basis of Presentation
The financial statements of Senomyx, Inc. (Senomyx or the Company) at March 31, 2005 and for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 are unaudited. The unaudited financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the financial information therein. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be reported for the year ended December 31, 2005. For more complete financial information, these financial statements, and the notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2004 included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Companys revenue recognition policies are in compliance with the Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 104, Revenue Recognition and Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. Revenue is deferred for fees received before earned. Some of the Companys agreements contain multiple elements, including research funding, cost reimbursements, milestones, and royalties.
Revenue from milestones is recognized when earned, as evidenced by written acknowledgement from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence that the milestone has been achieved, provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive and its achievability was not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, and (ii) the Companys performance obligations after the milestone achievement will continue to be funded by the collaborator at a level comparable to before the milestone achievement. If both of these criteria are not met, the milestone payment is recognized over the remaining minimum period of the Companys performance obligations under the agreement. Non-refundable upfront fees, if any, not associated with future Company performance, will be recognized when received. Amounts received for research funding are recognized as revenues as the services are performed. Revenue from cost reimbursements is recognized when earned, as evidenced by written acknowledgement from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence. Royalties to be received based on product sales made by our collaborators incorporating our product, if any, will be recognized as earned. To date, the Company has not earned any royalties.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123R, Share Based Payment. This statement is a revision to SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and supersedes Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. This statement requires a public entity to expense the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments. This statement also provides guidance on valuing and expensing these awards, as well as disclosure requirements of these equity arrangements. This statement is effective for the first annual reporting period that begins after June 15, 2005, which for the Company will be in the first quarter of fiscal 2006.
SFAS No. 123R permits public companies to choose between the following two adoption methods:
1. A modified prospective method in which compensation cost is recognized beginning with the effective date (a) based on the requirements of SFAS No. 123R for all share-based payments granted after the effective date and (b) based on the requirements of SFAS No. 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to the effective date of SFAS No. 123R that remain unvested on the effective date; or
6
2. A modified retrospective method which includes the requirements of the modified prospective method described above, but also permits entities to restate based on the amounts previously recognized under SFAS No. 123 for purposes of pro forma disclosures for either (a) all prior periods presented or (b) prior interim periods of the year of adoption.
As permitted by SFAS No. 123, the Company currently accounts for share-based payments to employees using APB Opinion No. 25s intrinsic value method. The impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend on levels of share-based payments granted in the future. However, valuation of employee stock options under SFAS No. 123R is similar to SFAS No. 123, with minor exceptions. The impact on the results of operations and earnings per share had the Company adopted SFAS No. 123, is described in stock-based compensation section of Note 1 below. Accordingly, the adoption of SFAS No. 123Rs fair value method will have a significant impact on the Companys results of operations, although it will have no impact on the Companys overall financial position. SFAS No. 123R also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required under current literature. This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. Due to timing of the release of SFAS No. 123R, the Company has not yet completed the analysis of the ultimate impact that this new pronouncement will have on the results of operations, nor the method of adoption for this new standard.
Stock-Based Compensation
As permitted by SFAS No. 123, the Company has elected to follow APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in accounting for its employee stock options. Under APB Opinion No. 25, when the purchase price of restricted stock or the exercise price of the Companys employee stock options equals or exceeds the fair value of the underlying stock on the date of issuance or grant, no compensation expense is recognized. In the event that stock options are granted with an exercise price below the fair value of the Companys common stock per share on the grant date, the difference between the fair value of the Companys common stock and the exercise price of the stock option is recorded as deferred compensation. Deferred compensation is amortized to compensation expense on an accelerated basis in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation (FIN) No. 28, Accounting for Stock Appreciation Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans, over the vesting period of the related options, generally four years.
Options or stock awards issued to non-employees are recorded at their fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 123 and EITF Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services, and are periodically revalued as the options vest and are recognized as expense over the related service period.
Compensation expense related to stock-based compensation is allocated to research and development or general and administrative based upon the department to which the associated employee or non-employee reports.
As required under SFAS No. 123, the pro forma effects of employee stock-based compensation on net loss are estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Because the Companys employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in managements opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of the Companys employee stock options.
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options is amortized to expense over the vesting period of the related options. The Companys pro forma information follows (in thousands, except per share data):
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Three months ended March 31, |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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Net loss as reported |
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$ |
(4,592 |
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$ |
(4,959 |
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Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net loss |
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750 |
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1,703 |
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Deduct: Total stock-based compensation expense determined under fair value-based method for all awards |
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(1,727 |
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(1,731 |
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Net loss pro forma |
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$ |
(5,569 |
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$ |
(4,987 |
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Net loss per share pro forma |
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$ |
(0.22 |
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$ |
(2.64 |
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7
Net Loss Per Share
The Company calculates net loss per share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share, and SAB No. 98. Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing the net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, less weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income or loss by the weighted average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, options and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their effect is dilutive. Under the provisions of SAB No. 98, common shares issued for nominal consideration, if any, would be included in the per share calculations as if they were outstanding for all periods presented. No common shares have been issued for nominal consideration.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted, and unaudited pro forma basic and diluted, net loss per share for the respective periods. The unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share represent the weighted average common shares outstanding reduced by the weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase, and gives the effect to the conversion of the convertible preferred stock into shares of common stock as if converted at the date of original issuance.
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Three months ended March 31, |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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Historical: |
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Numerator: |
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Net loss (in thousands) |
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$ |
(4,592 |
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$ |
(4,959 |
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Denominator: |
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Weighted average common shares |
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25,382,028 |
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2,089,150 |
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Weighted average unvested common shares subject to repurchase |
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(196,996 |
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(201,476 |
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Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share |
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25,185,032 |
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1,887,674 |
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Basic and diluted net loss per share |
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$ |
(0.18 |
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$ |
(2.63 |
) |
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Pro forma: |
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Numerator: |
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Net loss (in thousands) |
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$ |
(4,592 |
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$ |
(4,959 |
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Denominator: |
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Shares used above |
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25,185,032 |
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1,887,674 |
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Pro forma adjustment to reflect assumed weighted average effect of conversion of preferred stock |
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16,205,306 |
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Denominator for pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share |
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25,185,032 |
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18,092,980 |
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Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share |
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$ |
(0.18 |
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$ |
(0.27 |
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Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss represents net loss adjusted for the change during the periods presented in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities less reclassification adjustments for realized gains or losses included in net loss. The accumulated unrealized gains or losses are reported as accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders equity. Comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):
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Three months ended March 31, |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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Comprehensive loss |
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$ |
(4,597 |
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$ |
(4,960 |
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8
2. Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders Equity
Initial Public Offering
On June 25, 2004, the Company completed an initial public offering of 6,000,000 shares of common stock for proceeds to the Company of $31.9 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On July 23, 2004, the Company closed the sale of an additional 450,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise by the underwriters of an over-allotment option which resulted in proceeds of $2.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.
Convertible Preferred Stock
In connection with the Companys initial public offering, shares of Series A, B, C, D and E convertible preferred stock outstanding as of June 25, 2004 were automatically converted into 16,205,306 shares of common stock.
Stock Split
On June 7, 2004, the Company effected a 4-for-7 reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock.
On June 16, 2004, the Company effected a 1-for-1.4005989 reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock. The condensed financial statements give retroactive effect to the reverse stock split for all share information for all periods presented.
Share Purchase Rights Plan
In February 2005, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Rights Plan (the Plan). Terms of the Plan provide for a dividend distribution of one preferred share purchase right (a Right) for each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the Common Shares), of the Company. The dividend was payable on February 21, 2005 to the stockholders of record on that date. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the Preferred Shares), at a price of $100.00 per one one-hundredth of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment. Each one one-hundredth of a share of Preferred Shares has designations and powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions which make its value approximately equal to the value of a Common Share. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2005 entered into between the Company and Mellon Investor Services LLC, as rights agent.
3. Subsequent Event
Nestlé SA Collaboration Extension
On April 20, 2005, the Company announced an agreement for a three-year extension of the collaborative research phase under its initial discovery and development agreement with Nestlé. Under the terms of the extension, based upon research progress, Nestlé has agreed to pay the Company incremental discovery and development funding of up to $6.6 million over a period of up to an additional three years.
Kraft Foods Global, Inc. Collaboration Extension
On May 2, 2005, the Company announced an agreement for an expansion and extension of the collaborative research phase under its discovery and development agreement with Kraft Foods Global, Inc. During the extension period which runs through July 30, 2005, the Company will begin working with Kraft Foods on an exclusive basis on the discovery and development of novel flavor modifiers in a new product field in the dessert category. The Company will also continue to work with Kraft for the discovery and development of novel flavor enhancers on a co-exclusive basis in an existing specified food and beverage product field. Kraft Foods has agreed to continue its existing research funding to the Company during the extension period. During the extension, the Company will continue discussions with Kraft Foods regarding a further extension of the collaborative research phase and additional opportunities to expand the collaboration.
9
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and related notes included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 included with our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods.
Certain statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding the development, growth and expansion of our business, our intent, belief or current expectations, primarily with respect to our future operating performance, and the products we expect to offer and other statements regarding matters that are not historical facts, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, and are subject to the safe harbor created by these sections. Future filings with the SEC, future press releases and future oral or written statements made by us or with our approval, which are not statements of historical fact, may also contain forward-looking statements. Because such statements include risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements can be found under the caption Risk Factors, and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they are made.
Overview and Recent Developments
We are a biotechnology company using proprietary taste receptor-based assays, screening technologies and optimization chemistry to discover and develop novel flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators for the packaged food and beverage industry. We believe our flavor ingredients will enable packaged food and beverage companies to improve the nutritional profile of their products and generate cost of goods savings, while maintaining or enhancing taste. We license our flavor ingredients to our collaborators on an exclusive basis, which we believe will provide these companies with the ability to differentiate their products. We have entered into product discovery and development collaborations with four of the worlds leading packaged food and beverage companies: Campbell Soup Company, The Coca-Cola Company, Kraft Foods Global, Inc. and Nestlé SA. We currently anticipate that we will derive all of our revenues from existing and future collaborations. Our existing collaboration agreements provide for research and development funding, milestone payments based upon our achievement of research or development goals and, in the event of commercialization, royalties on future sales of consumer products incorporating our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. Our current programs focus on the development of savory, sweet and salt flavor enhancers and bitter taste modulators. In addition, future collaboration agreements may provide for up-front license fees.
We have incurred significant losses since our inception in 1998 and, as of March 31, 2005 our accumulated deficit was $89.0 million. We expect to incur additional losses over at least the next two years as we continue to develop flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. Our results of operations have fluctuated from period to period and likely will continue to fluctuate substantially in the future based upon:
termination of any of our product discovery and development collaboration agreements;
our ability to discover and develop new flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators or the ability of our product discovery and development collaborators to incorporate them into their products;
our ability to enter into new, or extend existing, product discovery and development collaborations and technology collaborations;
the demand for our collaborators products containing our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators; and
variability of our stock-based compensation expense in conjunction with fluctuations of our stock price.
In April 2005, we announced an agreement for a three-year extension of the collaborative research phase of our initial discovery and development agreement with Nestlé. Under the terms of the extension, based upon research progress, Nestlé has agreed to pay us incremental discovery and development funding of up to $6.6 million over a period of up to an additional three years.
10
In May 2005, we announced an agreement for an expansion and extension of the collaborative research phase under our discovery and development agreement with Kraft Foods Global, Inc. During the extension period which runs through July 30, 2005, we will begin working with Kraft Foods on an exclusive basis on the discovery and development of novel flavor modifiers in a new product field in the dessert category. We will also continue to work with Kraft for the discovery and development of novel flavor enhancers on a co-exclusive basis in an existing specified food and beverage product field. Kraft Foods has agreed to continue its existing research funding to us during the extension period. During the extension, we will continue discussions with Kraft Foods regarding a further extension of the collaborative research phase and additional opportunities to expand the collaboration.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 and 2004
Revenue Under Collaboration Agreements
We recorded revenue of $3.0 million and $2.2 million during the three month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Research and development payments, including certain product candidate development reimbursement costs and milestones under collaborations with Campbell Soup, Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods, and Nestlé, accounted for 100% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005. Research and development payments under collaborations with Campbell Soup, Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods, and Nestlé accounted for 100% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2004.
Research and Development Expenses
Our research and development expenses (excluding stock-based compensation expenses charged to research and development) were $4.3 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Stock-based compensation expenses charged to research and development for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 were $831,000 and $593,000, respectively. A comparison of research and development expenses exclusive of stock-based compensation expenses by category is as follows (in thousands):
|
|
Three months ended March 31, |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
Salaries and personnel |
|
$ |
1,939 |
|
$ |
1,577 |
|
Facilities and depreciation |
|
1,172 |
|
1,060 |
|
||
Research and development supplies |
|
612 |
|
527 |
|
||
Patent and licensing |
|
335 |
|
391 |
|
||
Outside services |
|
121 |
|
272 |
|
||
Miscellaneous |
|
149 |
|
123 |
|
||
Total research and development expenses |
|
$ |
4,328 |
|
$ |
3,950 |
|
Salaries and Personnel. Our expenses for research and development personnel, including consultants, were $1.9 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase of $362,000 was primarily due to increases in payroll expenses and recruiting expenses of approximately $229,000 and $104,000, respectively. Our research and development staff increased from an average of 57 for the three months ended March 31, 2004 to an average of 58 for the three months ended March 31, 2005. The increase in payroll expense reflects the addition of more highly compensated employees whose functions support the progression of our product candidates into regulatory and product development activities and the impact of annual merit, cost of living and promotion salary increases.
Facilities and Depreciation. Our facilities and depreciation expenses were $1.2 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase of $112,000 was primarily attributable to an increase in costs of approximately $180,000 incurred as a result of expanding into additional space within our facility to accommodate our additional research and development operations, offset by a reduction of depreciation expense of approximately $63,000.
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Research and Development Supplies. Our expenses for supplies used in research and development were $612,000 and $527,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase of $85,000 was primarily attributable to increased expenditures for compound acquisition to support progress in our research and development activities.
Patent and Licensing. Our patent and licensing expenses were $335,000 and $391,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decrease of $56,000 was primarily attributable to reduced outside patent legal expenses in 2005 compared to 2004.
Outside Services. Our outside services expenses were $121,000 and $272,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decrease of $151,000 was primarily attributable to a reduction in costs incurred for outsourced development activities, specifically for product candidate synthesis scale-up.
General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses (excluding stock-based compensation expenses charged to general and administrative) were $1.7 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Stock-based compensation expenses charged to general and administrative for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 were $961,000 and $1.7 million, respectively. The $653,000 increase in expenses (other than stock-based compensation expense) from the three months ended March 31, 2004 to 2005 was primarily attributable to increases in salaries and personnel, audit fees and facilities expense, and the commencement of payment of directors fees. The increase in expenses for salaries and personnel of approximately $213,000 was due to increased headcount reflecting our increased business development activities and additional finance personnel added in light of our initial public offering in June 2004 and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance requirements in fiscal 2005. The increase in audit fees of approximately $116,000 was due to increased reporting obligations as a result of our initial public offering in June 2004. The increase in facilities expense of approximately $88,000 was incurred as a result of expanding into additional space to accommodate our additional business development and finance operations. The increase in directors fees (approximately $55,000 in the first quarter of 2005) was due to the commencement of payment of directors fees in conjunction with our initial public offering.
Stock-based Compensation
Our aggregate stock-based compensation expenses charged to both research and development and general and administrative expenses decreased to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The decrease in overall stock-based compensation expense is primarily due to a decrease in compensation expense in 2005 compared to 2004 for stock options granted to employees, partially offset by an increase in compensation expense in 2004 compared to 2003 for stock options granted to non-employees, as the fair value of these options at March 31, 2005 was revalued in accordance with Emerging Issue Task Force, or EITF, Issue No. 96-18.
Interest Income (Expense)
Interest income was $225,000 and $40,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase of $185,000 was primarily attributable to our higher average cash balances for the three months ended March 31, 2005, primarily as a result of our June 2004 initial public offering, which generated higher interest earnings on those balances.
Since our inception, we have financed our business primarily through private and public placements of stock, research and development payments under our product discovery and development collaborations with Campbell Soup, Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods, and Nestlé, and interest income. As of March 31, 2005 we had received in excess of $106.7 million in proceeds from the sales of common and preferred stock. In addition, we had received $30.8 million in non-refundable research and development payments and non-refundable milestone payments from our collaboration agreements, and $2.5 million in interest income. Over the remaining life of our current collaboration agreements, we expect to receive an additional $24.8 million in non-refundable research and development payments from our collaborators. In addition, we may receive payments in the event we achieve research or development milestones and royalty payments in the event our collaborators commercialize products incorporating our flavor enhancers and taste modulators.
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At March 31, 2005, we had $35.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments available-for-sale as compared to $40.8 million at December 31, 2004, a decrease of $5.0 million. This overall decrease resulted primarily from the use of cash to fund our operations.
Operating Activities
Operating activities used cash of $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. Operating cash flow in 2005 compared to the prior year period reflects a decrease in our net loss of $367,000. Non-cash expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2005 decreased $565,000 to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 from $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. This decrease was primarily due to relative decreases in the amortization of deferred compensation related to employee stock option grants of approximately $953,000, and in depreciation and amortization expense of $77,000. This decrease was partially offset by a relative increase in stock-based compensation expenses for stock option grants to non-employees of approximately $465,000. Additionally, net decreases in operating liabilities over the three months ended March 31, 2005 used cash of $1.4 million, while net increases in operating liabilities over the three months ended March 31, 2004 provided cash of $546,000. Net increases in other assets used cash of $1.0 million and $217,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Investing Activities
Investing activities provided cash of $3.6 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Cash provided in the three months ended March 31, 2005 reflects the maturities of available-for-sale securities, partially offset by the purchases of available-for-sale securities to obtain higher rates of interest income. Cash provided in the three months ended March 31, 2004 reflects the maturities of available-for-sale securities, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment.
Financing Activities
Financing activities provided cash of $492,000 and $360,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Cash provided by financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2005 reflects the net proceeds from the sale of common stock of $492,000, primarily from the exercise of employee and non-employee stock options and from purchases of shares from the employee stock purchase program. Cash provided by financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2004 reflects the net proceeds of $360,000 from the issuance of common stock.
As of March 31, 2005 future minimum payments due under our contractual obligations are as follows (in thousands):
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Total |
|
Less than 1 year |
|
1-3 years |
|
4-5 years |
|
After 5 years |
|
|||||
Operating leases |
|
$ |
7,219 |
|
$ |
4,086 |
|
$ |
3,133 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
License payments |
|
251 |
|
38 |
|
89 |
|
52 |
|
72 |
|
|||||
Total |
|
$ |
7,470 |
|
$ |
4,124 |
|
$ |
3,222 |
|
$ |
52 |
|
$ |
72 |
|
As of March 31, 2005, we had no long-term debt obligations.
Our future capital uses and requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following:
the rate of progress and cost of research and development activities;
the number and scope of our research activities;
the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights;
our ability to establish and maintain product discovery and development collaborations;
the effect of competing technological and market developments;
the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish; and
the extent to which we acquire or in-license new products, technologies or businesses.
We believe our available cash, cash equivalents, investments and existing sources of funding will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated operating and capital requirements through at least the next 12 months.
Until we can generate significant cash from our operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with existing
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cash resources that were primarily generated from the proceeds of offerings of our equity securities and research and development payments and milestone payments under our product discovery and development collaborations. Under our existing collaboration agreements, assuming all milestones are achieved and we receive all research and development funding, we may be entitled to payments which total up to $32.6 million. In the next nine months (through December 31, 2005), we anticipate receiving $5.4 million in research and development payments. We may not receive the payments if the collaborations are terminated or not renewed, or if we do not achieve the milestones set forth in the collaboration agreements. In addition, the timing of the receipt of milestone payments in particular is uncertain, as we may achieve milestones significantly earlier or later than we currently expect. We continue to pursue additional collaborations, which could result in additional revenue. We may not recognize revenues for research and development funding or milestones if the collaborations are terminated, or if we do not achieve the milestones set forth in the collaboration agreements.
As of March 31, 2005 and 2004, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as special purpose or structured finance entities, which would have been established for the purposes of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, long-lived assets, accrued liabilities, and income taxes. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe there have been no material changes during the quarter ended March 31, 2005 to the critical accounting policies reported in the Managements Discussion and Analysis section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue recognition policies are in compliance with the Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 104, Revenue Recognition and EITF Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. Revenue is deferred for fees received before earned. Some of our agreements contain multiple elements, including research funding, milestones, and royalties.
Revenue from milestones is recognized when earned, as evidence by written acknowledgement from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence that the milestone has been achieved, provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive and its achievability was not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, and (ii) our performance obligations after the milestone achievement will continue to be funded by the collaborator at a level comparable to before the milestone achievement. If both of these criteria are not met, the milestone payment is recognized over the remaining minimum period of our performance obligations under the agreement. Non-refundable upfront fees, if any, not associated with our future performance, will be recognized when received. Amounts received for research funding are recognized as revenues as the services are performed. Revenue from cost reimbursements is recognized when earned, as evidenced by written acknowledgement from the collaborator or other persuasive evidence. Royalties to be received based on product sales made by our collaborators incorporating our product, if any, will be recognized as earned. To date, we have not earned any royalties.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, which requires companies to expense the estimated fair value of employee stock options and similar awards. This statement is a revision to SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and supersedes Accounting Principles Board, or APB, Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends FASB Statement No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. The accounting provisions of SFAS No. 123R will be effective for the first quarter of fiscal 2006.
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SFAS No. 123R permits public companies to choose between the following two adoption methods:
1. A modified prospective method in which compensation cost is recognized beginning with the effective date (a) based on the requirements of SFAS No. 123R for all share-based payments granted after the effective date and (b) based on the requirements of SFAS No. 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to the effective date of SFAS No. 123R that remain unvested on the effective date; or
2. A modified retrospective method which includes the requirements of the modified prospective method described above, but also permits entities to restate based on the amounts previously recognized under SFAS No. 123 for purposes of pro forma disclosures for either (a) all prior periods presented or (b) prior interim periods of the year of adoption.
As permitted by SFAS No. 123, we currently account for share-based payments to employees using APB Opinion No. 25s intrinsic value method. The impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R cannot be predicted at this time because it will be depend on levels of share-based payments granted in the future. However, valuation of employee stock options under SFAS No. 123R is similar to SFAS No. 123, with minor exceptions. For information about what our reported results of operations and earnings per share would have been had we adopted SFAS No. 123, please see the discussion under the heading Stock-Based Compensation in Note 1 to our Financial Statements. Accordingly, the adoption of SFAS No. 123Rs fair value method will have a significant impact on our results of operations, although it will have no impact on our overall financial position. SFAS No. 123R also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required under current literature. This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. Due to timing of the release of SFAS No. 123R, we have not yet completed the analysis of the ultimate impact that this new pronouncement will have on the results of operations, nor the method of adoption for this new standard.
RISK FACTORS
You should consider carefully the following information about the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in our other public filings, in evaluating our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock would likely decline.
Risks Related To Our Business
We are dependent on our product discovery and development collaborators for all of our revenue and we are dependent on our current and any future product discovery and development collaborators to develop and commercialize any flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators we may discover.
A key element of our strategy is to commercialize our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators through product discovery and development collaborations. To date, all of our revenue has been derived solely from research and development payments and milestone payments received under collaboration agreements with Campbell Soup, Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods and Nestlé. Substantially all of our revenue in the foreseeable future will result from these types of payments from these collaborations, unless we successfully commercialize a product candidate through these or other collaborators and earn royalties on future sales of consumer products incorporating our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators.
Our agreement with Campbell Soup provides for research and development funding until March 2006 and gives Campbell Soup the right to terminate the agreement earlier without cause on or after March 28, 2005, provided that it pay a specified termination fee if it terminates the agreement after March 28, 2005 but prior to March 28, 2006. Our agreements with Coca-Cola and Kraft Foods provide for research and development funding until April 2008 and July 2005, respectively, and give each party the right to conclude the respective collaborative program earlier for any reason upon payment to us of a termination fee, provided that Coca-Cola may terminate the collaborative period without payment of an early conclusion fee in the event that we fail to achieve a specified research and development goal by April 22, 2006, subject to payment of research funding through July 22, 2006. Our initial agreement with Nestlé (as amended in April 2005) provides for research and development funding through April 2008 and gives Nestlé the right to terminate the agreement earlier without cause on or after April 18, 2006, provided that it pay additional specified research funding if it terminates the agreement after April 18, 2006 but prior to April 18, 2008. Our most recent agreement with Nestlé provides for research and development funding through October 2009 and gives Nestlé the right to terminate the agreement earlier without cause on or after October 26, 2006, provided that it pay additional specified research funding if it terminates the agreement after October 26, 2006 but prior
15
to October 26, 2009. If any or all of our agreements with Campbell Soup, Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods and Nestlé expire or are terminated, our revenue would significantly decline and if all of our agreements expire or are terminated, our revenue would be substantially eliminated, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our collaborators may not renew their agreements with us or, if they do, they may not be on terms that are as favorable to us as our current agreements.
We do not currently have a commercialized product and cannot assure you we will have a commercialized product in the foreseeable future, or at all. We will be dependent on our current and any other possible future collaborators to commercialize any flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators that we successfully develop and to provide the sales, marketing and distribution capabilities required for the success of our business. We have limited or no control over the amount and timing of resources that our current or any future collaborators may devote to our programs or potential products. Our collaborators may decide not to devote the necessary resources to the commercialization of our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators, or may pursue a competitors product if our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators do not have the characteristics desired by the collaborator. These characteristics include, among other things, enhancement properties, temperature stability, solubility, taste and cost. If these collaborators fail to conduct their commercialization, sales and marketing or distribution activities successfully and in a timely manner, we will earn little or no royalty revenues from our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators and we will not be able to achieve our objectives or build a sustainable or profitable business.
Our present and any future product discovery and development collaboration opportunities could be harmed if:
our existing or any future collaborators terminate their collaboration agreements with us prior to the expiration of the agreements;
we do not achieve our research and development objectives under our collaboration agreements prior to the termination of the collaboration periods;
we disagree with our collaborators as to the parties respective licensing rights to our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators, methods or other intellectual property we develop;
we are unable to manage multiple simultaneous collaborations;
potential collaborators fail to spend their resources on research and development due to general market conditions or for any other reason; or
consolidation in our target markets limits the number of potential collaborators.
We may not be able to negotiate additional collaboration agreements having terms satisfactory to us or at all.
We may not be able to enter into additional product discovery and development collaborations due to the exclusive nature of our current product discovery and development collaborations. Each of our current collaboration agreements provides that we will conduct research and development on flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators for use within one or more defined packaged food and beverage product fields on an exclusive basis for the respective collaborator during the collaborative period specified in the agreement. Because each of these agreements is exclusive or co-exclusive, we will not be able to enter into a collaboration agreement with any other food and beverage company covering the same product field during the applicable collaborative period. In addition, our collaborators competitors may not wish to do business with us at all due to our relationship with our collaborators. If we are unable to enter into additional product discovery and development collaborations, our ability to sustain or expand our business will be significantly diminished.
We may not be successful in developing flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators useful for formulation into products.
We may not succeed in developing flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators with the appropriate attributes required for use in successful commercial products. Successful flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators require, among other things, appropriate biological activity, including the correct flavor or flavor enhancer property for the product application, an acceptable safety profile, including lack of toxicity or allergenicity, and appropriate physical or chemical properties, including relative levels of stability, volatility and resistance to heat. Successful flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators must also be cost-efficient for our collaborators. We may not be able to develop flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators that meet these criteria.
16
If we or our collaborators are unable to obtain and maintain the GRAS determination or regulatory approval required before any flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators can be incorporated into products that are sold, we would be unable to commercialize our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators and our business would be adversely affected.
In March 2005, we obtained a Generally Recognized as Safe, or GRAS, determination for four of our savory product candidates. Apart from these product candidates, we do not have GRAS determination or regulatory approval for any other product candidate at this time. In the United States, the development, sale and incorporation of our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators into products are subject to regulation by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and in some instances other government bodies. Obtaining and maintaining a GRAS determination or regulatory approval is typically costly and can take many years.
Depending on the amount or intended use of a particular flavor enhancer or taste modulator added to a product and the number of product categories in which the flavor enhancer or taste modulator will be incorporated, specific safety assessment protocols and regulatory processes must be satisfied before we or our collaborators can commercially market and sell products containing any flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators that we may discover. A key element of our strategy is to develop flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators that will be subject to review under the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, or FEMA, GRAS process, which we expect will take 12 to 18 months and is less expensive than the alternative of filing a food additive petition with the FDA, approval of which can take eight years or more. The FEMA GRAS review process may take longer than 18 months and cost more than $1 million if additional safety studies are requested by the FEMA expert panel or are necessary to explain unexpected safety study findings. There is a risk that one or more of our product candidates may not qualify for a FEMA GRAS determination. This may occur for a variety of reasons, including the flavor enhancer or taste modulators intended use, the amount of the flavor enhancer or taste modulator intended to be added to packaged foods and beverages, the number of product categories in which the flavor enhancer or taste modulator will be incorporated, whether the flavor enhancer or taste modulator imparts sweetness, the safety profile of the flavor enhancer or taste modulator and the FEMA expert panels interpretation of the safety data. Even if we obtain a GRAS determination with respect to a flavor enhancer or taste modulator, the FDA has the ability to challenge such determination, which could materially adversely affect our ability to market products on schedule or at all. In the event that a particular flavor enhancer or taste modulator does not qualify for FEMA GRAS determination, we will be required to pursue a lengthy FDA approval process or dedicate our development efforts to alternative compounds, which would further delay commercialization. In addition, laws, regulations or FDA practice governing the regulatory approval process, the availability of the GRAS determination process or the manufacture or labeling of such products, may change in a manner that could adversely affect our ability to commercialize products on schedule or at all.
Sales of our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators outside of the United States will be subject to foreign regulatory requirements. In most cases, whether or not a GRAS determination or FDA approval has been obtained, approval of a product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries must still be obtained prior to manufacturing or marketing the product in those countries. A GRAS determination or FDA approval in the United States or in any other jurisdiction does not ensure approval in other jurisdictions because the requirements from jurisdiction to jurisdiction may vary widely. Obtaining foreign approvals could result in significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and require additional safety studies and additional expenses. If we fail to comply with these regulatory requirements or to obtain and maintain required approvals, our ability to generate revenue will be diminished.
We and our collaborators may not be successful in overcoming these regulatory hurdles, which could result in product launch delays, unanticipated expenses, termination of collaborations, and flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators not being approved for incorporation into consumer products. These consequences would have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations.
Even if we or our collaborators receive a GRAS determination or regulatory approval and incorporate our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators into products, those products may never be commercially successful.
Even if we discover and develop flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators that obtain the necessary GRAS determination or regulatory approval, our success depends to a significant degree upon the commercial success of packaged food and beverage products incorporating those flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators. If these products fail to achieve or subsequently maintain market acceptance or commercial viability, our business would be significantly harmed because our royalty revenue is dependent upon consumer sales of these products. In addition, we could be unable to maintain our existing collaborations or attract new product discovery and development collaborators. Many factors may affect the market acceptance and commercial success of any potential products incorporating flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators that we may discover, including:
17
health concerns, whether actual or perceived, or unfavorable publicity regarding our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators or those of our competitors;
the timing of market entry as compared to competitive products;
the rate of adoption of products by our collaborators and other companies in the flavor industry; and
any product labeling that may be required by the FDA or other United States or foreign regulatory agencies for products incorporating our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators.
We have a history of operating losses and we may not achieve or maintain profitability.
We have not been profitable and have generated substantial operating losses since we were incorporated in September 1998. We incurred net losses of approximately $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005. As of March 31, 2005, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $89.0 million. We expect to incur additional losses for at least the next two years. The extent of our future losses will depend, in part, on the rate of increase in our operating expenses and the rate of growth, if any, in our revenue from our four existing and any future product discovery and development collaborations as well as from other sources that may become available to us in the future and on the level of our expenses. To date, our revenue has come solely from research and development funding and milestone payments under our product discovery and development collaboration agreements with Campbell Soup, Coca-Cola, Kraft Foods and Nestlé. In order for us to generate royalty revenue and become profitable, we must retain our existing product discovery and development collaborations and our collaborators must commercialize products incorporating one or more of our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators, from which we can derive royalty revenues. Our ability to generate royalty revenue is uncertain and will depend upon our ability to meet particular research, development and commercialization objectives.
We expect that our results of operations will fluctuate from period to period, and this fluctuation could cause our stock price to decline, causing investor losses.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to vary significantly in the future based upon a number of factors, many of which we have little or no control over. We operate in a highly dynamic industry and future results could be subject to significant fluctuations. These fluctuations could cause us to fail to meet or exceed financial expectations of securities analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to decline rapidly and significantly. Revenue and expenses in future periods may be greater or less than revenue and expenses in the immediately preceding period or in the comparable period of the prior year. Therefore, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily a good indication of our future performance. Some of the factors that could cause our operating results to fluctuate include:
termination of any of our product discovery and development collaboration agreements;
our ability to discover and develop flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators or the ability of our product discovery and development collaborators to incorporate them into packaged food and beverage products;
our receipt of milestone payments in any particular period;
the ability and willingness of collaborators to commercialize products incorporating our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators on expected timelines, or at all;
our ability to enter into new product discovery and development collaborations and technology collaborations or to extend the terms of our existing collaboration agreements and our payment obligations, expected revenue and other terms of any other agreements of this type;
our ability, or our collaborators ability, to successfully satisfy all pertinent regulatory requirements;
the demand for our collaborators products containing our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators; and
general and industry specific economic conditions, which may affect our collaborators research and development expenditures.
Changes in financial accounting standards related to stock option expenses are expected to have a significant effect on our reported results.
The FASB recently issued a revised standard that requires that we record compensation expense in the statement of operations for employee stock options using the fair value method. The adoption of the new standard is expected to have a significant effect on our reported earnings, although it will not affect our cash flows, and could adversely impact our ability to provide accurate guidance on our projected future financial results due to the variability of the factors used to establish the value of stock options. As a result, the adoption of the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 could negatively affect our stock price and our stock price volatility.
18
Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new SEC regulations and Nasdaq National Market rules, are creating uncertainty for companies such as ours. These new or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and management time related to compliance activities. In particular, our efforts to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related regulations regarding our required assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting and our external auditors audit of that assessment requires the commitment of significant financial and managerial resources. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, our reputation may be harmed and we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any such action could adversely affect our financial results and the market price of our common stock.
We may need to obtain additional capital to fund our operations.
If we are unable to successfully commercialize our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators, we may need to obtain additional capital or change our strategy to continue our operations. In addition, our business and operations may change in a manner that would consume available resources at a greater rate than anticipated. In such event, we may need to raise substantial additional capital to, among other things:
fund new research, discovery or development programs;
advance additional product candidates into and through the regulatory approval process; and
acquire rights to products or product candidates, technologies or businesses.
If we require additional capital to continue our operations, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of opportunities, identify and develop flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators, develop technologies or otherwise respond to competitive pressures could be significantly limited. In addition, if financing is not available, we may need to alter our strategy or cease operations. In addition, issuances of debt or additional equity could impact the rights of the holders of our common stock, may dilute our stockholders ownership and may impose restrictions on our operations. These restrictions could include limitations on additional borrowing, specific restrictions on the use of our assets as well as prohibitions on our ability to create liens, pay dividends, redeem our stock or make investments.
If we lose our key personnel or are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, it could adversely affect our business.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our executive officers, management and scientific staff. If we lose the services of one or more of these people and, in particular, Kent Snyder, our President and Chief Executive Officer, or Mark Zoller, Ph.D., our Chief Scientific Officer and Sr. Vice President, Research, the relationships we have with our collaborators would likely be negatively impacted and we may be delayed or unable to develop new product candidates, commercialize our existing product candidates or achieve our other business objectives, any of which could cause our stock price to decline. We have entered into employment letter agreements with the following executive officers: Kent Snyder, Mark Zoller, Ph.D., Harry Leonhardt, Esq., our Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary and John Poyhonen, our Vice President and Chief Financial and Business Officer. The terms of these agreements are described under the heading ManagementEmployment Agreements in our prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act with the SEC on June 22, 2004. We have entered into an employment letter agreement with Nigel R.A. Beeley, Ph.D., our Vice President, Discovery, the terms of which are included in Item 11 of our Form 10-K. All of our employees are at-will employees, which means that either we or the employee may terminate their employment at any time. We currently have no key person insurance.
In addition, our discovery and development programs depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists, including molecular biologists, biochemists, chemists and engineers. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified employees in the future due to the intense competition for qualified personnel among technology-based businesses, particularly in the San Diego area. We also face competition from universities and public and private research institutions in
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recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific and management personnel. If we are not able to attract and retain the necessary personnel to accomplish our business objectives, we may experience constraints that will adversely affect our ability to meet the demands of our current or any future product discovery and development collaborators in a timely fashion or to support our independent discovery and development programs.
We may encounter difficulties managing our growth, which could adversely affect our business.
Our strategy includes entering into and working on simultaneous flavor and flavor enhancer discovery and development programs across multiple markets. We increased the number of our full-time employees from seven on December 31, 1999 to 77 on March 31, 2005 and we expect to continue to grow to meet our strategic objectives. If our growth continues, it will continue to place a strain on us, our management and our resources. Our ability to effectively manage our operations, growth and various projects requires us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures and to attract and retain sufficient numbers of talented employees. We may not be able to successfully implement these tasks on a larger scale and, accordingly, we may not achieve our research, development and commercialization goals. If we fail to improve our operational, financial and management information systems, or fail to effectively monitor or manage our new and future employees or our growth, our business would suffer significantly. In addition, no assurance can be made that we will be able to secure adequate facilities to house our staff, conduct our research or achieve our business objectives.
We will rely on third parties to manufacture our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators on a commercial scale.
We do not have experience in manufacturing, nor do we have the resources or facilities to manufacture, flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators on a commercial scale. Therefore, the commercialization of our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators will depend in part on our or our collaborators ability to contract with third-party manufacturers of our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators on a large scale, at a competitive cost, with the specified quality and in accordance with relevant food and beverage regulatory requirements. Any such third-party manufacturers may encounter manufacturing difficulties at any time that could result in delays in the commercialization of potential flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. Our inability to find capable third-party manufacturers or to enter into agreements on acceptable terms with third-party manufacturers could delay commercialization of any products we may develop and may harm our relationships with our existing and any future product discovery and development collaborators and our customers. Moreover, if we are required to change from one third-party manufacturer to another for any reason, the commercialization of our products may be delayed further. In addition, if third-party manufacturers fail to comply with the FDAs good manufacturing practice regulations, then we may be subject to adverse regulatory action including product recalls, warning letters and withdrawal of our products, or our collaborators or customers products, from the market.
Further, because our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators are regulated as food products under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, we and the third parties with which we collaborate or contract to manufacture, process, pack, import or otherwise handle our products or our product ingredients, may be required to comply with certain registration, prior notice submission, recordkeeping and other regulatory requirements. Failure of any party in the chain of distribution to comply with any applicable requirements under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act or the FDAs implementing regulations may adversely affect the manufacture and/or distribution of our products in commerce.
If we acquire products, technologies or other businesses, we will incur a variety of costs, may have integration difficulties and may experience numerous other risks that could adversely affect our business.
If appropriate opportunities become available, we may consider acquiring businesses, technologies or products that we believe are a strategic fit with our business. We currently have no commitments or agreements with respect to, and are not actively seeking, any material acquisitions. We have limited experience in identifying acquisition targets, successfully acquiring them and integrating them into our current infrastructure. We may not be able to successfully integrate any businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we might acquire in the future without a significant expenditure of operating, financial and management resources, if at all. In addition, future acquisitions might be funded by issuances of additional debt or equity, which could impact your rights as a holder of our common stock and may dilute your ownership percentage. Any of the foregoing could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Risks Related To Our Industry
Our ability to compete in the flavor and flavor enhancer market may decline if we do not adequately protect our proprietary technologies.
Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property that protects our technologies and flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. Patent positions may be highly uncertain and may involve complex legal and factual questions, including the ability to establish patentability of sequences relating to taste receptors, proteins, chemical synthesis techniques, compounds and methods for using them to modulate taste for which we seek patent protection. No consistent standard regarding the allowability or enforceability of claims in many of our pending patent applications has emerged to date. As a result, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that will ultimately be allowed in our patent applications, if any, including those we have in-licensed or the extent to which we may enforce these claims against our competitors. The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is therefore highly uncertain and we cannot assure you that:
we were the first to file patent applications or to invent the subject matter claimed in patent applications relating to the technologies upon which we rely;
others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;
others did not publicly disclose our claimed technology before we conceived the subject matter included in any of our patent applications;
any of our patent applications will result in issued patents;
any of our patent applications will not result in interferences or disputes with third parties regarding priority of invention;
any patents that may be issued to us, our collaborators or our licensors will provide a basis for commercially viable products or will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties;
we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;
the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our ability to do business; or
new proprietary technologies from third parties, including existing licensors, will be available for licensing to us on reasonable commercial terms, if at all.
In addition, patent law outside the United States is uncertain and in many countries intellectual property laws are undergoing review and revision. The laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as domestic laws. It may be necessary or useful for us to participate in opposition proceedings to determine the validity of our competitors patents or to defend the validity of any of our or our licensors future patents, which could result in substantial costs and would divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.
Technologies licensed to us by others, or in-licensed technologies, are important to our business. In particular, we depend on high-throughput screening technologies that we licensed from Aurora Biosciences, technology related to certain taste receptor sequences that we license from the University of California and others and technology related to compound libraries that we license from third parties. In addition, we may in the future acquire rights to additional technologies by licensing such rights from existing licensors or from third parties. Such in-licenses may be costly. Also, we generally do not control the patent prosecution, maintenance or enforcement of in-licensed technologies. Accordingly, we are unable to exercise the same degree of control over this intellectual property as we do over our internally developed technologies. Moreover, some of our academic institution licensors, collaborators and scientific advisors have rights to publish data and information to which we have rights. If we cannot maintain the confidentiality of our technologies and other confidential information in connection with our collaborations, our ability to protect our proprietary information or obtain patent protection in the future may be impaired, which could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Many of the patent applications we and our licensors have filed have not yet been substantively examined and may not result in patents being issued.
Many of the patent applications filed by us and our licensors were filed recently with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and most have not been substantively examined and may not result in patents being issued. Some of these patent applications claim sequences that were identified from different publicly available sequence information sources such as the High-Throughput Genomic Sequences division of GenBank. It is difficult to predict whether any of our or our licensors applications will ultimately be found to be patentable or, if so, to predict the scope of any allowed claims. In addition, the disclosure in our or our licensors patent applications, particularly in respect of the utility of our claimed inventions, may not be sufficient to meet the statutory requirements for patentability in all cases. As a result, it is difficult to
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predict whether any of our or our licensors applications will be allowed, or, if so, to predict the scope of any allowed claims or the enforceability of the patents. Even if enforceable, others may be able to design around any patents or develop similar technologies that are not within the scope of such patents. Our and our licensors patent applications may not issue as patents that will provide us with any protection or competitive advantage.
Disputes concerning the infringement or misappropriation of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of others could be time consuming and extremely costly and could delay our research and development efforts.
Our commercial success, if any, will be significantly harmed if we infringe the patent rights of third parties or if we breach any license or other agreements that we have entered into with regard to our technology or business.
We are aware of other companies and academic institutions that have been performing research in the areas of taste modulation and flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. In particular, other companies and academic institutions have announced that they have conducted taste-receptor research and have published data on taste receptor sequence information and taste receptors or filed patent applications or obtained patent protection on taste modulation or taste receptors and their uses, including Linguagen Corp., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, the University of California, Monell Chemical Senses Corp., the Warner-Lambert Company, Virginia Commonwealth University and the German Institute of Human Nutrition. To the extent any of these companies or academic institutions currently have, or obtain in the future, broad patent claims, such patents could block our ability to use various aspects of our discovery and development process and might prevent us from developing or commercializing newly discovered flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators or otherwise conducting our business. The University of California, for example, claims certain patent rights relating to the coexpression of T1R receptors that may not have been licensed to us. While our technology is focused on the use of human T1R receptors, we cannot assure you that it does not infringe such patent rights. In such event, if we are not able to amend our license with the University of California to include such patent rights and our technology is found to interfere with or infringe such patent rights, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer a significant adverse effect. In addition, it is possible that some of the flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators that are discovered using our technology may not be patentable or may be covered by intellectual property of third parties.
We are not currently a party to any litigation, interference, opposition, protest, reexamination, reissue or any other potentially adverse governmental, ex parte or inter-party proceeding with regard to our patent or trademark positions. However, the life sciences and other technology industries are characterized by extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Many life sciences and other technology companies have employed intellectual property litigation as a way to gain a competitive advantage. If we become involved in litigation, interference proceedings, oppositions, reexamination, protest or other potentially adverse intellectual property proceedings as a result of alleged infringement by us of the rights of others or as a result of priority of invention disputes with third parties, we might have to spend significant amounts of money, time and effort defending our position and we may not be successful. In addition, any claims relating to the infringement of third-party proprietary rights or proprietary determinations, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation, lengthy governmental proceedings, divert managements attention and resources, or require us to enter into royalty or license agreements that are not advantageous to us.
Should any person have filed patent applications or obtained patents that claim inventions also claimed by us, we may have to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the relevant patent regulatory agency to determine priority of invention and, thus, the right to a patent for these inventions in the United States. Such a proceeding could result in substantial cost to us even if the outcome is favorable. Even if successful on priority grounds, an interference action may result in loss of claims based on patentability grounds raised in the interference action. Litigation, interference proceedings or other proceedings could divert managements time and efforts. Even unsuccessful claims could result in significant legal fees and other expenses, diversion of managements time and disruption in our business. Uncertainties resulting from initiation and continuation of any patent proceeding or related litigation could harm our ability to compete and could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
An adverse ruling arising out of any intellectual property dispute, including an adverse decision as to the priority of our inventions, could undercut or invalidate our intellectual property position. An adverse ruling could also subject us to significant liability for damages, including possible treble damages, prevent us from using technologies or developing products, or require us to negotiate licenses to disputed rights from third parties. Although patent and intellectual property disputes in the technology area are often settled through licensing or similar arrangements, costs associated with these arrangements may be substantial and could include license fees and ongoing royalties. Furthermore, necessary licenses may not be available to us on satisfactory terms, if at all. Failure to obtain a license in such a case could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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If we are unable to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we could lose any competitive advantage we may have, which could adversely affect our business.
We rely in part on trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information, know how and processes. Our policy is to execute proprietary information and invention agreements with our employees and consultants upon the commencement of an employment or consulting relationship. These agreements generally require that all confidential information developed by the individual or made known to the individual by us during the course of the individuals relationship with us be kept confidential and not be disclosed to third parties. These agreements also generally provide that inventions conceived by the individual in the course of their employment shall be our exclusive property. There can be no assurance that we will be able to effectively enforce these agreements or that proprietary information is our exclusive property. There can be no assurance that the subject proprietary information will not be disclosed, that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or that we can meaningfully protect our trade secrets. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.
Many potential competitors, including those who have greater resources and experience than we do, may develop products or technologies that make ours obsolete or noncompetitive.
The life sciences and other technology industries are characterized by rapid technological change, and the area of sensory or taste receptor research is a rapidly evolving field. Our future success will depend on our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to technological advances. Technological developments by others may result in our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators and technologies becoming obsolete.
In particular, we face substantial competition from companies pursuing the commercialization of products and services relevant to taste using more traditional methods for the discovery of flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. These competitors include leading flavor companies, such as International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Givaudan SA, Symrise, Quest International and Firmenich. We currently compete and will continue to compete in the future with these companies in collaborating with and selling flavor products and technologies to manufacturers of packaged food and beverage products. Many of these companies have substantially greater capital resources, research and development resources and experience, manufacturing capabilities, regulatory expertise, sales and marketing resources, established relationships with consumer products companies and production facilities.
We are not aware of any products currently available or under development that would compete with the flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators that we are developing under our sweet and salt programs. Savory flavor enhancers, particularly inosine monophosphate, or IMP, are commercially available, and we will compete with the companies that produce these flavors. IMP is widely available and is a generally accepted food additive by the packaged food and beverage industry. As a result, our existing and future collaborators may choose to incorporate IMP or similar savory flavor enhancers into their packaged food and beverage products instead of our savory flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. In addition, we may compete with bitter masking or bitter blocking compounds, such as adenosine 5 monophosphate, or AMP.
We may in the future face competition from life sciences and other technology companies and other commercial enterprises. These entities engage as we do in biotechnology, biology or chemistry and could apply this technology to the discovery and development of flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. We are aware of one other company, Linguagen Corp., a privately-held company that we believe is involved in research on sweetness potentiators, salt substitutes and bitter blockers, specifically AMP, and has announced research and development collaborations with several companies. We cannot guarantee that products developed as a result of our competitors existing or future collaborations will not compete with our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators.
Universities and public and private research institutions are also potential competitors. While these organizations primarily have educational objectives, they may develop proprietary technologies related to the sense of taste or secure patent protection that we may need for the development of our technologies and products. We may attempt to license these proprietary technologies, but these licenses may not be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.
Our competitors, either alone or with their collaborative partners, may succeed in developing technologies or discovering flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators that are more effective, safer, more affordable or more easily commercialized than ours, and our competitors may obtain intellectual property protection or commercialize products sooner than we do. Developments by others may render our product candidates or our technologies obsolete. In addition, our current product discovery and development collaborators are not prohibited from entering into research and development
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collaboration agreements with third parties in any product field. Our failure to compete effectively would have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be sued for product liability, which could adversely affect our business.
Because our business strategy involves the development and sale by our collaborators of commercial products incorporating our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators, we may be sued for product liability. We may be held liable if any product we develop and commercialize, or any product our collaborators commercialize that incorporates any of our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators, causes injury or is found otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing, sale or consumer use. In addition, the safety studies we must perform and the FEMA GRAS determination we must obtain prior to incorporating our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators into a commercial product will not protect us from any such liability.
If we and our collaborators commence sale of commercial products we will need to obtain product liability insurance, and this insurance may be prohibitively expensive, or may not fully cover our potential liabilities. Inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or otherwise to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of products developed by us or our product discovery and development collaborators. We may be obligated to indemnify our product discovery and development collaborators for product liability or other losses they incur as a result of our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators. Any indemnification we receive from such collaborators for product liability that does not arise from our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators may not be sufficient to satisfy our liability to injured parties. If we are sued for any injury caused by our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators or products incorporating our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators, our liability could exceed our total assets.
We use hazardous materials. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and costly.
Our discovery and development process requires our employees to routinely handle hazardous chemical, radioactive and biological materials. Our operations also produce hazardous waste products. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these materials. As a result of the increase in size of our operations, we were recently re-classified from a small quantity to a large quantity generator of hazardous waste. This reclassification may result in increased scrutiny of our operations by the Environmental Protection Agency. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations may be expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our discovery and development efforts.
In addition, we cannot entirely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and any resultant injury from these materials. Our property and casualty policy has very limited coverage for damages or cleanup costs related to radioactive contamination and pollutants and our general liability insurance policy excludes coverage for damages and fines arising from biological or hazardous waste disposal or contamination. We do not carry specific biological or hazardous waste insurance. We may be forced to curtail operations or be sued for any injury or contamination that results from our use or the use by others of these materials, and our liability may exceed our total assets.
Risks Related To Our Common Stock
The price of our common stock is volatile.
The market prices for securities of biotechnology companies historically have been highly volatile, and the market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. Since our initial public offering in June 2004, the price of our common stock has ranged from approximately $5 per share to approximately $14 per share. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate in response to many factors, including:
developments related to the FEMA GRAS determination and international regulatory approval of our products;
developments concerning our collaborative agreements;
announcements of technological innovations by us or others;
developments in patent or other proprietary rights;
results of safety evaluation of our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators;
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results of consumer acceptance testing of our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators by our collaborators;
delays in commercialization of our flavors, flavor enhancers and taste modulators;
future sales of our common stock by existing stockholders;
comments by securities analysts;
general market conditions;
fluctuations in our operating results;
government regulation;
failure of any of our flavors, flavor enhancers or taste modulators, if approved, to achieve commercial success; and
public concern as to the safety of our flavors, flavor enhancers, and taste modulators.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us more complicated and the removal and replacement of our directors and management more difficult.
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. These provisions may also make it difficult for stockholders to remove and replace our board of directors and management. These provisions:
authorize the issuance of blank check preferred stock by our board of directors, without stockholder approval, which could increase the number of outstanding shares and prevent or delay a takeover attempt;
limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders;
prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; and
establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings.
In addition, the requirements of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us. These requirements are described under the heading Description of Capital StockDelaware Anti-Takeover Law and Certain Charter Provisions in our prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act with the SEC on June 22, 2004.
Our shareholder rights plan may hinder or prevent change of control transactions.
Our shareholder rights plans may discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in our ownership. In addition, our board of directors may issue shares of preferred stock without any further action by you. Such issuances may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in our ownership. If changes in our ownership are discouraged, delayed or prevented, it would be more difficult for our current board of directors to be removed and replaced, even if you and other stockholders believe such actions are in the best interests of us and our stockholders.
If our officers, directors and largest stockholders choose to act together, they may be able to control our management and operations, acting in their best interests and not necessarily the interests of other stockholders.
As of March 15, 2005, our executive officers, directors and stockholders with at least 5% of our stock together beneficially owned approximately 41% of our common stock. If these officers, directors and principal stockholders act together, they will be able to exert a significant degree of influence over our management and affairs and over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of mergers or other business combination transactions. The interests of this concentration of ownership may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of investors in this offering or other stockholders. For instance, officers, directors and principal stockholders, acting together, could cause us to enter into transactions or agreements that we would not otherwise consider. Similarly, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company otherwise favored by our other stockholders. This concentration of ownership could depress our stock price.
We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have paid no cash dividends on any of our classes of capital stock to date, and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. In addition, the terms of any future debt or credit
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facility may preclude us from paying any dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of potential gain for the foreseeable future.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of United States interest rates. Due to the nature of our short-term investments, we believe that we are not subject to any material market risk exposure. We do not have any foreign currency or other derivative financial instruments.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Prior to the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President and Chief Financial and Business Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(e) or 15d -15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President and Chief Financial and Business Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
An evaluation was also performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President and Chief Financial and Business Officer, of any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter and that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. That evaluation did not identify any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our latest fiscal quarter and that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President and Chief Financial and Business Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls will prevent all errors or potential fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their cost. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons or by collusion of two or more people. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Our initial public offering, referred to as the Offering, of our common stock, par value $0.001, was effected through a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-113998) that was declared effective by the SEC on June 21, 2004. The Registration Statement covered the offer and sale of up to 6,900,000 shares of our common stock for an aggregate offering price of $41.4 million. The Offering commenced on June 22, 2004. On June 25, 2004, 6,000,000 shares of common stock were sold for an aggregate offering price of $36.0 million. On July 23, 2004, 450,000 shares of our common stock were sold for an aggregate offering price of $2.7 million upon the exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option. The Offering terminated following the sale of all of the foregoing securities and the expiration of the underwriters over-allotment option. The Offering resulted in aggregate proceeds to us of approximately $34.3 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $2.7 million and offering expenses of approximately $1.7 million, through a syndicate of underwriters managed by Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Needham & Company, Inc. and First Albany Capital Inc.
No offering expenses were paid directly or indirectly to any of our directors or officers (or their associates) or person owning ten percent or more of any class of our equity securities or to any other affiliates. All offering expenses were paid directly to others.
As of March 31, 2005, we estimate that we had used approximately $1.2 million for the purchase of equipment and approximately $10.6 million for working capital expenditures. The remainder of the proceeds has been invested into short-term securities and cash equivalents.
The foregoing payments were direct payments made to third parties who were not our directors or officers (or their associates), persons owning ten percent or more of any class of our equity securities or any other affiliate, except that the proceeds used for working capital included regular compensation for officers and directors. The use of proceeds does not represent a material change from the use of proceeds described in the prospectus we filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act with the SEC on June 22, 2004.
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Description of Document |
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3.1 |
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Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation as currently in effect (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Registration Statement File No. 333-113998). |
3.2 |
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Amended and Restated Bylaws as currently in effect (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registration Statement File No. 333-113998). |
3.3 |
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Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on February 14, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2005). |
4.1 |
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Form of Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement File No. 333-113998). |
4.2 |
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Form of Rights Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2005). |
4.3 |
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Rights Agreement, dated February 14, 2005 by and between Senomyx, Inc. and Mellon Investor Services LLP (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 15, 2005). |
10.1* |
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Second Amendment to the Collaborative Research and License Agreement dated April 18, 2002, as amended October 23, 2003, between us and Nestec, Ltd. |
31.1 |
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Certification of Kent Snyder, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
31.2 |
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Certification of John Poyhonen, Chief Financial and Business Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 |
|
Certification of Kent Snyder, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 |
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Certification of John Poyhonen, Chief Financial and Business Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
* Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the SEC.
29
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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Senomyx, Inc. |
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Date: May 9, 2005 |
By: |
/S/ KENT SNYDER |
|
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Kent
Snyder President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
|
|
By: |
/S/ JOHN POYHONEN |
|
|
John Poyhonen |
30