SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2005
of
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COMPUCREDIT CORPORATION |
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a Georgia Corporation |
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IRS Employer Identification No. 58-2336689 |
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SEC File Number 0-25751 |
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245 Perimeter Center Parkway, Suite 600 |
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Atlanta, Georgia 30346 |
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(770) 206-6200 |
CompuCredits Common Stock, no par value per share, is registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
CompuCredit has (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
CompuCredit is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
As of April 30, 2005, 51,507,157 shares of Common Stock, no par value, of the registrant were outstanding.
COMPUCREDIT CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
March 31, 2005
PART I. |
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Page |
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Item 1. |
Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
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1 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 |
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5 |
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
18 |
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34 |
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35 |
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36 |
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Changes in Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
36 |
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36 |
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36 |
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36 |
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36 |
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37 |
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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(Unaudited) |
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(Dollars in thousands) |
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Assets |
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Cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash of $11,776 at March 31, 2005 and $11,615 at December 31, 2004) |
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$ |
90,400 |
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$ |
68,240 |
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Securitized earning assets |
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473,367 |
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536,718 |
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Non-securitized earning assets, net |
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176,730 |
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158,430 |
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Deferred costs, net |
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31,081 |
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34,920 |
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Software, furniture, fixtures and equipment, net |
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34,298 |
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31,552 |
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Investments in equity-method investees |
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60,744 |
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42,059 |
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Intangibles, net |
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10,699 |
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10,643 |
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Goodwill |
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108,465 |
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100,552 |
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Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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22,789 |
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20,412 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
1,008,573 |
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$ |
1,003,526 |
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Liabilities |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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$ |
38,724 |
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$ |
36,088 |
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Notes payable |
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79,547 |
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83,624 |
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Deferred revenue |
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5,735 |
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6,390 |
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Deferred gain on Fingerhut receivables |
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17,635 |
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23,440 |
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Current and deferred income tax liabilities |
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77,060 |
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115,786 |
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Total liabilities |
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218,701 |
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265,328 |
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Minority interests |
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55,671 |
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54,308 |
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Shareholders equity |
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Common stock, no par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized: 53,352,938 and 53,159,253 issued at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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309,379 |
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303,356 |
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Treasury stock, at cost, 1,845,781 and 1,914,646 shares at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 |
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(26,358 |
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(26,721 |
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Deferred compensation |
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(6,177 |
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(922 |
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Warrant |
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25,610 |
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25,610 |
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Retained earnings |
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431,747 |
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382,567 |
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Total shareholders equity |
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734,201 |
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683,890 |
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Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
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$ |
1,008,573 |
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$ |
1,003,526 |
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See accompanying notes.
1
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
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For the three months ended March 31, |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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(In
thousands, except per |
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Interest Income: |
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Consumer loans, including past due fees |
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$ |
14,037 |
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$ |
6,032 |
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Other |
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2,912 |
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1,673 |
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Total interest income |
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16,949 |
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7,705 |
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Interest expense |
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(2,422 |
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(91 |
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Net interest income before fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets and provision for loan losses |
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14,527 |
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7,614 |
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Fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets |
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100,766 |
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30,775 |
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Provision for loan losses |
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(19,224 |
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(9,115 |
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Net interest income, fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets |
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96,069 |
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29,274 |
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Other operating income: |
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Fees and other income on securitized earning assets |
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43,492 |
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40,643 |
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Servicing income |
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30,459 |
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25,298 |
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Ancillary and interchange revenues |
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5,533 |
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4,238 |
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Equity in income of equity-method investees |
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18,819 |
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(214 |
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Total other operating income |
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98,303 |
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69,965 |
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Other operating expense: |
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Salaries and benefits |
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7,107 |
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6,245 |
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Card and loan servicing |
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59,335 |
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37,018 |
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Marketing and solicitation |
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18,050 |
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5,699 |
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Depreciation |
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4,213 |
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3,993 |
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Other |
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19,058 |
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9,915 |
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Total other operating expense |
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107,763 |
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62,870 |
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Income before minority interests and income taxes |
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86,609 |
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36,369 |
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Minority interests |
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(9,161 |
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(6,293 |
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Income before income taxes |
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77,448 |
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30,076 |
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Income taxes |
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(28,268 |
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(11,288 |
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Net income |
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$ |
49,180 |
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$ |
18,788 |
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Net income attributable to common shareholders |
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$ |
49,180 |
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$ |
17,718 |
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Net income per common share-basic |
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$ |
0.96 |
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$ |
0.36 |
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Net income per common share-diluted |
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$ |
0.94 |
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$ |
0.36 |
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See accompanying notes.
2
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders Equity (Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
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Additional |
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Total |
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Common Stock |
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Paid-In |
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Treasury |
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Deferred |
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Retained |
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Shareholders |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Capital |
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Stock |
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Compensation |
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Warrant |
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Earnings |
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Equity |
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(Dollars in thousands) |
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Balance at December 31, 2004 |
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53,159,253 |
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$ |
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$ |
303,356 |
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$ |
(26,721 |
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$ |
(922 |
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$ |
25,610 |
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$ |
382,567 |
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$ |
683,890 |
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Exercise of stock options, including tax benefit |
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68,865 |
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598 |
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598 |
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Use of treasury stock to satisfy stock option exercise |
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(68,865 |
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(363 |
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363 |
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Issuance of restricted stock |
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193,685 |
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5,788 |
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(5,788 |
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Amortization of deferred compensation |
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533 |
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533 |
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Net income |
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49,180 |
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49,180 |
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Balance at March 31, 2005 |
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53,352,938 |
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$ |
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$ |
309,379 |
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$ |
(26,358 |
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$ |
(6,177 |
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$ |
25,610 |
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$ |
431,747 |
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$ |
734,201 |
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See accompanying notes.
3
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
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For the three months |
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2005 |
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2004 |
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(Dollars in thousands) |
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Operating activities |
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Net income |
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$ |
49,180 |
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$ |
18,788 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation expense |
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4,213 |
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3,993 |
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Provision for loan losses |
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19,224 |
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9,115 |
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Amortization expense |
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999 |
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778 |
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Amortization of deferred gain |
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(5,804 |
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(3,847 |
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Amortization of deferred compensation |
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533 |
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105 |
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Minority interest |
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9,161 |
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6,293 |
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Retained interests income adjustment, net |
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12,698 |
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(15,441 |
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(Distributions in excess of) income associated with equity-method investees |
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(7,736 |
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215 |
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Changes in assets and liabilities, exclusive of business acquisitions: |
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Increase in deferred costs |
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(2,424 |
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(19,045 |
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Decrease in income tax liability |
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(38,726 |
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(25,720 |
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Increase in uncollected fees on non-securitized earning assets |
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(19,678 |
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(22,491 |
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Other |
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769 |
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(1,797 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
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22,409 |
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(49,054 |
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Investing activities |
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Investments in equity-method investees |
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(10,949 |
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Investments in securitized earning assets |
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(24,927 |
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(207,126 |
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Proceeds from securitized earning assets |
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80,904 |
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220,083 |
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Investments in non-securitized earning assets |
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(178,752 |
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(30,088 |
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Proceeds from non-securitized earning assets |
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162,511 |
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23,476 |
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Acquisition of sub-prime lenders assets |
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(12,138 |
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Purchases of and development of software, furniture, fixtures and equipment |
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(4,228 |
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(576 |
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Net cash provided by investing activities |
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12,421 |
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5,769 |
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Financing activities |
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Minority interests (distribution) contribution, net |
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(7,799 |
) |
1,152 |
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Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
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598 |
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685 |
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Proceeds from borrowings |
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13,500 |
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32,855 |
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Repayment of borrowings |
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(18,969 |
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(34,647 |
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Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
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(12,670 |
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45 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash |
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22,160 |
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(43,240 |
) |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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68,240 |
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122,526 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
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$ |
90,400 |
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$ |
79,286 |
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Supplemental cash flow information |
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Cash paid for interest |
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$ |
2,204 |
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$ |
91 |
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Cash paid for income taxes |
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$ |
66,975 |
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$ |
36,783 |
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Supplemental non-cash information |
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Issuance of warrant |
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$ |
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$ |
25,610 |
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Notes payable associated with capital leases |
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$ |
8,457 |
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$ |
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Notes payable associated with bond investments |
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$ |
6,737 |
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$ |
2,800 |
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Accretion of preferred stock dividends |
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$ |
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$ |
1,066 |
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Issuance of restricted stock |
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$ |
5,788 |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes.
4
CompuCredit Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
March 31, 2005
1. Description of Business
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CompuCredit Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the Company). The Company is a provider of various credit and related financial services and products to, or associated with, the underserved (or sub-prime) and un-banked consumer markets. Historically, the Company has served these markets through its marketing and solicitation of credit card accounts and its servicing of various credit card receivables underlying both its originated accounts and its acquired portfolios. Because only financial institutions can issue general-purpose credit cards, the Company has contractual arrangements with third-party financial institutions pursuant to which the financial institutions issue general purpose Visa and MasterCard credit cards, and the Company purchases the receivables relating to such accounts on a daily basis. The Company markets to cardholders other fee-based products, including card registration, memberships in preferred buying clubs, travel services, debt waiver and credit life, disability and unemployment insurance. During 2003, the Company expanded its product and service offerings to include the purchase and recovery of previously charged off receivables. The Company further expanded its product and servicing offerings in 2004 to include its marketing, servicing and/or origination of small-balance, short-term loans (generally less than $500 for less than 30 days, which the Company refers to as micro-loans) through various channels, including retail branch locations, grocery and convenience stores, direct marketing, telemarketing and the Internet. The Company also serves un-banked consumers through its offering of a stored-value (or debit) card through various retail branch locations. Finally, although not reflected in these unaudited condensed financial statements, on April 1, 2005, the Company completed its acquisition of a portfolio of consumer receivables secured by automobiles and a platform for the origination and servicing of these loans.
The Companys condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary to fairly state the results for the interim periods presented have been included. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Certain estimates, such as credit losses, payments, discount rates and the yield earned on securitized receivables, significantly affect the Companys reported gains and losses on securitizations and income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (both of which are components of fees and other income on securitized earning assets on the Companys condensed consolidated statements of operations) and the Companys reported value of securitized earning assets on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, estimates of future credit losses on the Companys non-securitized loans and fees receivable have a significant impact on the provision for loan losses within the Companys condensed consolidated statements of operations and loans and fees receivable, net, which is a component of non-securitized earning assets, net on the Companys condensed consolidated balance sheets. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2005 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2005. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in
5
conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004 contained in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Certain amounts in prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The primary reclassification relates to combining securitized and non-securitized earning assets and results and cash flows thereon on the Companys condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and statements of cash flows. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated for financial reporting purposes.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Non-Securitized Earning Assets, Net
Non-securitized earning assets, net on the Companys condensed consolidated balance sheets include loans and fees receivable, net, investments in previously charged off receivables and investments in debt securities, each of which are discussed separately below. Details of non-securitized earning assets, net balances are as follows (in thousands of dollars):
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Balance at |
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Balance at |
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Loans and fees receivable, net |
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$ |
108,498 |
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$ |
94,055 |
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Investments in previously charged off receivables |
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18,134 |
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15,094 |
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Investments in debt securities |
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50,098 |
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49,281 |
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Non-securitized earning assets, net |
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$ |
176,730 |
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$ |
158,430 |
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Loans and Fees Receivable, Net. Loans and fees receivable, net include receivables associated with the Companys largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, which have not been securitized, as well as receivables associated with the Companys micro-lending activities; these receivables are shown net of an allowance for uncollectible loans and fees. Loans and fees receivable are also presented net of unearned fees (or deferred revenue) in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 91, Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Receivables and Initial Direct Costs of Leases.
The loans and fees receivable associated with the Companys largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range consist of finance charges and fees, as well as principal balances receivable from this class of customer. In addition to finance charges on principal balances, the fees associated with this particular product offering consist principally of activation, annual, monthly maintenance, over-limit, cash advance and returned check fees. The activation fees are recognized over the estimated life of a customer (approximately one year), and the annual fees are recognized over the year to which they apply. The loans and fees receivable associated with the Companys micro-lending activities include principal balances and associated fees due from consumers, as well as marketing and servicing fees receivable from a third-party financial institution; these fees are recognized as earnedgenerally over a two-week period.
The allowance for uncollectible loans and fees is provided for that portion of the loans and fees receivable that management believes will not ultimately be collected based on historical experience. The components of loans and fees receivable, net are as follows (in millions of dollars):
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Balance at |
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Additions |
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Subtractions |
|
Sub-prime Lender |
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Balance at |
|
|||||
Loans and fees receivable, gross |
|
$ |
145.2 |
|
$ |
221.0 |
|
$ |
(203.1) |
|
$ |
2.3 |
|
$ |
165.4 |
|
Deferred revenue |
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(22.0 |
) |
(28.4 |
) |
17.1 |
|
|
|
(33.3 |
) |
|||||
Allowance for uncollectible loans and fees |
|
(29.1 |
) |
(19.2 |
) |
24.7 |
|
|
|
(23.6 |
) |
|||||
Loans and fees receivable, net |
|
$ |
94.1 |
|
$ |
173.4 |
|
$ |
(161.3 |
) |
$ |
2.3 |
|
$ |
108.5 |
|
6
Reflected in interest income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations is $14.0 million and $6.0 million of finance charge income associated with these loans and fees receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Reflected in fees and other income from non-securitized earning assets is $48.6 million and $16.7 million of fee income associated with these loans and fees receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. As of March 31, 2005, the weighted-average remaining amortization period for the $33.3 million of deferred revenue reflected in the above table was 7.4 months.
Investments in Previously Charged Off Receivables. For the three months ended March 31, 2005, the following table shows a roll-forward of the Companys investments in previously charged off receivables activities (in thousands of dollars):
Unrecovered balance at December 31, 2004 |
|
$ |
15,094 |
|
Acquisitions of defaulted accounts |
|
10,323 |
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Cash collections |
|
(24,791 |
) |
|
Income recognized on defaulted accounts (included as a component of fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets on the Companys condensed consolidated statements of operations) |
|
17,508 |
|
|
Balance at March 31, 2005 |
|
$ |
18,134 |
|
Estimated remaining collections (ERC) |
|
$ |
64,616 |
|
At the time of acquisition, the life of each pool generally is estimated to be between 24 and 36 months based upon the proprietary models of the Company. The Company anticipates collecting approximately 60.0% of the ERC over the next twelve months, with the balance to be collected thereafter.
Investments in Debt Securities. The Company periodically invests in the open market in debt securities that the Company feels will provide it with an adequate return. Generally, these debt securities will be purchased outright or partially funded using existing margin accounts (see Note 9, Notes Payable, below). The Companys purchased debt securities generally are classified as trading securities. Additionally, the Company has occasionally received distributions of debt securities from its equity-method investees; the Company has classified such distributed debt securities as held to maturity.
Stock Options
The Company has five stock-based employee compensation plans (an employee stock purchase plan, three stock option plans and a restricted stock plan). As permitted by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (Statement No. 123), the Company accounts for its stock option plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), and its related interpretations. Because all options granted under the Companys stock option plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant, no stock-based compensation cost is reflected in net income under the Companys application of APB 25. The Company issued no stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2005.
The following table presents the effects on net income and net income per share if the Company had recognized compensation expense under the fair value recognition provisions of Statement No. 123:
7
|
|
For the three months |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(In thousands, except |
|
||||
Net income attributable to common shareholders, as reported |
|
$ |
49,180 |
|
$ |
17,718 |
|
Stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value basis, net of tax |
|
(189 |
) |
(165 |
) |
||
Pro-forma net income (loss) |
|
$ |
48,991 |
|
$ |
17,553 |
|
Earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Basicas reported |
|
$ |
0.96 |
|
$ |
0.36 |
|
Basicpro-forma |
|
$ |
0.96 |
|
$ |
0.36 |
|
Dilutedas reported |
|
$ |
0.94 |
|
$ |
0.36 |
|
Dilutedpro-forma |
|
$ |
0.93 |
|
$ |
0.35 |
|
Due to a variety of factors, including the timing and number of awards, the above pro-forma results may not be indicative of the future effect of stock option expensing on the Companys results of operations. The Company issued no stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2005.
In December 2004, the FASB issued a revised Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123, Share Based Payment (Statement No. 123R), to address the accounting for stock-based employee plans. The statement eliminates the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using APB 25 and instead requires that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value-based method of accounting. The adoption of this statement will result in income statement effects similar to those reflected in the above pro-forma computations. Statement No. 123R is effective for interim and annual reporting beginning after December 15, 2005, and the adoption of this statement is not expected to have a material effect on the Companys financial statements.
3. Segment Reporting
The Company operates primarily within one industry consisting of four reportable segments by which it manages its business. The Companys four reportable segments are: Credit Cards; Investments in Previously Charged Off Receivables; Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing; and Other.
The Company measures the profitability of its reportable segments based on their income after allocation of specific costs and corporate overhead. Overhead costs are allocated based on headcounts and other applicable measures in order to better align costs with the associated revenues. Summary operating segment information is as follows (in thousands of dollars):
As of and for three months ending March 31, 2005 |
|
Credit Cards |
|
Investments |
|
Retail Micro- |
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|||||
Net interest income, fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets |
|
$ |
64,010 |
|
$ |
17,508 |
|
$ |
14,315 |
|
$ |
236 |
|
$ |
96,069 |
|
Total other operating income |
|
92,868 |
|
|
|
5,435 |
|
|
|
98,303 |
|
|||||
Income before income taxes |
|
$ |
75,263 |
|
$ |
7,071 |
|
$ |
890 |
|
$ |
(5,776 |
) |
$ |
77,448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
|
$ |
819,472 |
|
$ |
19,069 |
|
$ |
158,414 |
|
$ |
11,618 |
|
$ |
1,008,573 |
|
8
As of and for three months ending March 31, 2004 |
|
Credit |
|
Investments in |
|
Retail Micro- |
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|||||
Net interest income, fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets |
|
$ |
15,238 |
|
$ |
14,019 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
17 |
|
$ |
29,274 |
|
Total other operating income |
|
69,965 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69,965 |
|
|||||
Income before income taxes |
|
$ |
27,696 |
|
$ |
5,259 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
(2,879 |
) |
$ |
30,076 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
$ |
758,154 |
|
$ |
24,616 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
1,090 |
|
$ |
783,860 |
|
4. Shareholders Equity
Treasury Stock
At its discretion, the Company will use treasury shares to satisfy option exercises and restricted stock grants. The Company uses the cost approach when accounting for the repurchase and reissuance of its treasury stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2005, the Company reissued 68,865 treasury shares in satisfaction of option exercises at an approximate cost of $0.4 million.
As part of the Companys share repurchase program, the Company has written and, contingent upon favorable market conditions, may continue to write put options on its own shares. The put options allow the Company to settle the options in either stock or cash. As of March 31, 2005, the Company is obligated to purchase 250,000 shares under these put option contracts, none of which represented a liability to the Company based on the then-existing share price. These contracts are set to expire during the second quarter of 2005.
Restricted Share Awards
During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, the Company granted 193,685 shares of restricted stock under its 2004 Restricted Stock Plan. The fair market value of granted restricted shares as of respective grant dates is shown net of amortization as deferred compensation within consolidated shareholders equity as of the close of each accounting period. The Companys restricted share grants generally vest over a range of 24 to 36 months and are being amortized to compensation expense ratably over the vesting period.
5. Investments in Equity-Method Investees
In January 2005, the Company purchased a 47.5% interest in a joint venture for approximately $10.9 million, including transaction costs. A wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and two unaffiliated investors formed this entity in connection with the acquisition of approximately $376.3 million (face amount) in credit card receivables. These receivables were then transferred to a subsidiary of the joint venture, and then on to a trust pursuant to a Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities (Statement No. 140), transfer in exchange for notes and a subordinated, certificated interest issued by the trust. The Company accounts for its investment in this joint venture and other similar investments in existence as of December 31, 2004 under the equity method of accounting, and these investments are included in investment in equity-method investees on the Companys condensed consolidated balance sheets.
6. De-Securitized Fingerhut Receivables
Total income recognized relating to cash received on de-securitized Fingerhut receivables was $26.9 million and $0.0 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, such amounts being included as a component of fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets on the Companys condensed consolidated statements of operations. The remaining excess cash flows that the Company expects to receive from the de-securitized Fingerhut
9
receivables through December of 2008 are currently estimated to be $81.2 million, with the Company expecting to receive approximately 62.4% of these collections within the next 12 months.
The deferred gain associated with the Fingerhut receivables is being amortized into fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets in the Companys condensed consolidated statements of operations in a manner that corresponds with actual and anticipated future cash collections on the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables; the income associated with amortization of this deferred gain totaled approximately $5.8 million and $0.0 for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
7. Credit Card Receivables Acquisition
In January 2005, one of the Companys majority-owned subsidiaries purchased $72.1 million (face amount) in credit card receivables for approximately $42.0 million, including transaction costs. These receivables were then transferred to a trust pursuant to a Statement No. 140 transfer in exchange for notes and a subordinated, certificated interest issued by the trust, thereby resulting in securitization income of $1.6 million. To fund this purchase, the Company contributed approximately $2.0 million into its majority-owned subsidiary. The assets and liabilities of the majority-owned subsidiary, and its associated earnings from operations, are presented as part of the Companys condensed consolidated financial statements with a minority interest being shown to reflect the unaffiliated investors portion of the operations. The minority interest associated with this subsidiary is not shown net of tax because the subsidiary is a pass-through entity for income tax purposes. For a fee that represents adequate compensation for servicing, the Company has agreed to service the entire portfolio of credit card receivables underlying the trust.
See separately the discussion of credit card receivables acquired by the Companys equity-method investee in Note 5, Investments in Equity-Method Investees, above.
8. Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company securitizes through a master trust all of its credit card receivables originated on a daily basis under its primary third-party financial institution relationship (the originated portfolio), except for those credit card receivables underlying the Company s largely fee-based card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range. The securitized credit card receivables are transferred to a master trust, which issues notes representing undivided ownership interests in the assets of the master trust. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2005, the Company acquired receivables from a third party and subsequently securitized them. (See Note 7, Credit Card Receivables Acquisition, for a discussion of the first quarter of 2005 acquisition.)
All of the Companys credit card receivables, with the exception of the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables (see Note 6, De-Securitized Fingerhut Receivables) and as noted above those receivables associated with its largely fee-based card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, are held by securitization trusts. The exclusive interest of the Company in these securitized receivables is in the form of retained interests. GAAP requires the Company to treat its transfers to the securitization trusts as sales, and the receivables are removed from the Companys condensed consolidated balance sheets. Under Statement No. 140, an entity recognizes the assets it controls and liabilities it has incurred, and derecognizes the financial assets for which control has been surrendered and all liabilities that have been extinguished. An entity is considered to have surrendered control over the transferred assets and, therefore, to have sold the assets if the following conditions are met:
1. The transferred assets have been isolated from the transferor and put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors.
2. Each transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the assets it has received, and no condition both constrains the transferee from taking advantage of its right to pledge or exchange and provides more than a trivial benefit to the transferor.
10
3. The transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either (i) an agreement that both entitles and obligates the transferor to repurchase or redeem them before their maturity, or (ii) the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets, other than through a clean-up call.
The securitization transactions do not affect the relationship the Company has with its customers, and the Company continues to service the securitized credit card receivables.
The table below summarizes the Companys securitization activity for the periods presented. As with other tables included herein, it does not include the securitization activity of the Companys equity-method investees:
|
|
For the three months |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
||||
Gross amount of receivables securitized at period end |
|
$ |
1,609,863 |
|
$ |
1,654,285 |
|
Proceeds from collections reinvested in revolving-period securitizations |
|
$ |
248,298 |
|
$ |
197,967 |
|
Excess cash flows generated on securitized receivables |
|
$ |
65,865 |
|
$ |
73,257 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pretax securitization income |
|
$ |
1,587 |
|
$ |
|
|
Income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized |
|
25,869 |
|
19,392 |
|
||
Fees on securitized receivables |
|
16,036 |
|
21,251 |
|
||
Total fees and other income on securitized earning assets |
|
$ |
43,492 |
|
$ |
40,643 |
|
The investors in the Companys securitization transactions have no recourse against the Company for its customers failure to pay their credit card receivables. However, most of the Companys retained interests are subordinated to the investors interests until the investors have been fully paid.
Generally, all collections received from the cardholders underlying each securitization are included in the securitization cash flows. This includes collections from the cardholders for interest, fees and other charges on the accounts and collections from the cardholders repaying the principal portion of their account balances. In general, the cash flows are then distributed to the Company as servicer for its servicing fee, to the investors as interest on their outstanding notes, to the investors to repay any portion of their outstanding notes that becomes due and payable and to the Company as the seller to fund new purchases. Any collections from cardholders remaining each month after making the various payments noted above generally are paid to the Company on its retained interests.
The retained interests associated with the credit card receivables that the Company has securitized are carried at estimated fair market value within the securitized earning assets category on the Companys condensed consolidated balance sheets, and because they are classified as trading securities, any changes in fair value are included in income. Because quoted market prices for the Companys retained interests are generally not available, the Company estimates fair value based on the estimated present value of future cash flows using managements best estimates of key assumptions.
The measurements of retained interests associated with Company-arranged securitizations are dependent upon managements estimates of future cash flows using the cash-out method. Under the cash-out method, the future cash flows (including the release of any cash related to credit enhancements) are recorded at a discounted value. The cash flows are discounted based on the timing of when the Company expects to receive the cash flows. The discount rates are based on managements estimates of returns that would be required by investors in an investment with similar terms and credit quality. Yields on the credit card receivables are estimated based on the stated annual percentage rates in the credit card
11
agreements. Estimated default and payment rates are based on historical results, adjusted for expected changes based on the Companys credit risk models. Credit card receivables are typically charged off when the receivables become 180 days past due, although earlier charge offs may occur specifically related to accounts of bankrupt or deceased customers. Bankrupt and deceased customers accounts are typically charged off within 30 days of verification.
The Companys retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (labeled as securitized earning assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets) include the following:
|
|
March 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
||||
I/O strip |
|
$ |
118,627 |
|
$ |
106,131 |
|
Accrued interest and fees |
|
11,886 |
|
12,603 |
|
||
Servicing liability |
|
(21,424 |
) |
(20,813 |
) |
||
Amounts due from securitization |
|
9,357 |
|
6,511 |
|
||
Fair value of retained interests |
|
354,921 |
|
432,286 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Securitized earning assets |
|
$ |
473,367 |
|
$ |
536,718 |
|
The I/O strip reflects the fair value of the Companys rights to future income from Company-arranged securitizations and includes certain credit enhancements. The I/O strip increased during the three months ended March 31, 2005 principally due a decrease in the expected credit loss rate and a slight increase in the yield (both of which are illustrated on the table below), offset to some degree, however, by a slight increase in the payment rate, coupled with net reductions in receivables levels principally within the trust underlying the Companys 2003 Providian portfolio acquisition (the Embarcadero Trust). The slight decrease in accrued interest and fees also corresponds with the net reductions in receivables levels principally within the Embarcadero Trust. The servicing liability reflects, for those securitization structures for which servicing compensation is not adequate, the fair value of the costs to service the receivables above and beyond the servicing income the Company expects to receive from the securitizations. The slight servicing liability increase as of March 31, 2005 is primarily due to the additional acquisition made by the Company during the first quarter of 2005. The fair value of retained interests includes the Companys interests in its securitizations. The fair value of retained interests decreased between December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2005, principally due to the effects of increased draws of cash against the Companys originated portfolio securitization facilities related to the Companys $67.0 million tax payment made during the first quarter of 2005, its first quarter 2005 acquisitions, and in anticipation of an acquisition completed on April 1, 2005, coupled with net reductions in receivables levels principally within the Embarcadero Trust.
Changes in any of the assumptions used to value the Companys retained interests in its securitizations could impact the Companys fair value estimates. The weighted-average key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Companys retained interests in the receivables it has securitized are presented below:
|
|
March 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
March 31, |
|
Yield (annualized) |
|
29.8 |
% |
29.4 |
% |
28.7 |
% |
Payment rate (monthly) |
|
6.4 |
|
6.3 |
|
6.0 |
|
Expected credit loss rate (annualized) |
|
12.7 |
|
13.7 |
|
13.3 |
|
Residual cash flows discount rate |
|
20.0 |
|
17.4 |
|
22.5 |
|
Servicing liability discount rate |
|
14.0 |
|
14.0 |
|
14.0 |
|
The increase in the residual cash flows discount rate corresponds with the Companys first quarter 2005 draws against its securitization facilities to fund its acquisitions and March 2005 tax payment as also noted above. With these draws, the Companys collateral enhancement levels within the originated portfolio master trust have declined. The Companys Statement No. 140 models recognize in computing the residual cash flows discount rate that variations in collateral enhancement levels affect the returns that investors require within securitization structures. Accordingly, because the Companys collateral enhancement levels have dropped between December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2005, the Companys March 31, 2005 residual cash flows discount rate is higher than it was at December 31, 2004. Although
12
less significant to the increase in the residual cash flows discount rate between December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005, the Companys Statement No. 140 models are also sensitive to changes in LIBOR, which increased between December 31, 2004 and March 31, 2005.
At March 31, 2005, the following illustrates the hypothetical effect of an adverse 5 and 10 percent change in key economic assumptions on the retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (dollars in thousands):
|
|
Credit Card |
|
|
Yield (annualized) |
|
29.8 |
% |
|
Impact on fair value of 5% adverse change |
|
$ |
(13,158 |
) |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change |
|
$ |
(26,317 |
) |
Payment rate (monthly) |
|
6.4 |
% |
|
Impact on fair value of 5% adverse change |
|
$ |
(1,677 |
) |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change |
|
$ |
(3,241 |
) |
Expected credit loss rate (annualized) |
|
12.7 |
% |
|
Impact on fair value of 5% adverse change |
|
$ |
(5,495 |
) |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change |
|
$ |
(10,989 |
) |
Residual cash flows discount rate |
|
20.0 |
% |
|
Impact on fair value of 5% adverse change |
|
$ |
(2,110 |
) |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change |
|
$ |
(4,200 |
) |
Servicing discount rate |
|
14.0 |
% |
|
Impact on fair value of 5% adverse change |
|
$ |
(75 |
) |
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change |
|
$ |
(150 |
) |
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures indicate, changes in fair value based on a 5% and a 10% variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value of the retained interests in credit card receivables securitized may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interest is calculated without changing any other assumptions; in reality, changes in one assumption may result in changes in another. For example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments and increased credit losses, which could magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
The Companys managed receivables portfolio underlying its securitizations (including only those of its consolidated subsidiaries) is comprised of the Companys retained interests in the credit card receivables securitized and other investors shares of these securitized receivables. The investors shares of securitized credit card receivables are not assets of the Company. The following table summarizes the balances included within, and certain operating statistics associated with, the Companys managed receivables portfolio underlying both the outside investors shares of and the Companys retained interests in credit card receivables securitizations.
|
|
March 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
||
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
||||
Total managed principal balance |
|
$ |
1,460,839 |
|
$ |
1,493,903 |
|
Total managed finance charge balance |
|
149,024 |
|
160,382 |
|
||
Total managed receivables |
|
$ |
1,609,863 |
|
$ |
1,654,285 |
|
Receivables delinquent 60 or more days |
|
$ |
125,356 |
|
$ |
144,715 |
|
Net charge offs for the three months ended |
|
$ |
42,843 |
|
$ |
44,770 |
|
9. Notes Payable
As of March 31, 2005, the Companys notes payable balances included approximately $6.5 million related to margin borrowings underlying the Companys investments in debt securities which charged an interest rate of 4.75% as of
13
March 31, 2005, as well as approximately $8.5 million of borrowings associated with certain vendor-financed acquisitions of software and equipment which have various interest rates ranging from 3% to 7%.
Also included in notes payable are certain debt instruments associated with the acquisition of and ongoing working capital needs of the Companys Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment. As of March 31, 2005, the following debt was outstanding under these arrangements (in thousands of dollars):
|
|
Balance at |
|
Applicable Interest |
|
|
Term Loan A |
|
$ |
23,000 |
|
7.56 |
% |
Term Loan B |
|
31,500 |
|
13.06 |
% |
|
Revolving Credit Facility |
|
5,000 |
|
8.12 |
% |
|
Seller Note |
|
5,000 |
|
10.00 |
% |
|
Total Debt |
|
$ |
64,500 |
|
|
|
The interest rates associated with the term loan facilities and the revolving credit facility are adjusted periodically based on an index over LIBOR or Prime.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business through the origination of unsecured credit card receivables, the Company incurs off balance sheet risks. The Companys off balance sheet risks, with respect to the receivables the Company manages, include commitments to extend credit totaling approximately $1.5 billion at March 31, 2005. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amounts securitized. The principal amount of these instruments reflects the maximum exposure the Company has in the instruments. The Company has not experienced and does not anticipate that all of its customers will exercise their entire available line of credit at any given point in time. The Company has the right to reduce or cancel these available lines of credit at any time.
The Company is an equity member of CSG. During the second quarter of 2002, CSG entered into a note purchase agreement whereby it agreed to buy additional interests in a portfolio of credit card receivables owned by CSG Trust should there be net new growth in the receivables or should collections not be available to fund new cardholder purchases. As of March 31, 2005, CSG would be obligated to purchase up to approximately $53.0 million of new notes from the CSG Trust should this contingency arise. In general, this contingency amount will decline as the amount of credit available to cardholders for future purchases declines. The portfolio has declined and is expected to continue to decline during the life of the CSG Trust as payments are expected to exceed new purchases each month. As a member of CSG, the Company has agreed to guarantee the payment of the purchase price of the aforementioned new notes if the events giving rise to this contingency arise, but only if CSG itself should fail to purchase the new notes under the note purchase agreement. As of March 31, 2005, CSG had not purchased and was not required to purchase any additional notes under the note purchase agreement. The Companys guarantee is limited to its ownership percentage in CSG (which at March 31, 2005 was 50%) times the total amount of the notes that CSG would be required to purchase. Therefore, as of March 31, 2005, the maximum amount of the Companys guarantee was approximately $26.5 million. The Company currently does not have any liability recorded with respect to this guarantee, but it will record one if events occur that make payment probable under the guarantee. The fair value of this guarantee is not material.
The Company has entered into similar note purchase agreements (and related guarantees) to that described with respect to CSG above with respect to various other receivables portfolio investments it has made through majority-owned subsidiaries and equity-method investees. As of March 31, 2005, none of these majority-owned subsidiaries or equity-method investees had purchased nor were they required to purchase any additional notes under the note purchase agreements. The Companys guarantee is limited to its respective ownership percentages in the various majority-owned subsidiaries and equity-method investees multiplied times the total amount of the notes that each of the majority-owned subsidiaries and equity-method investees could be required to purchase. As of March 31, 2005, the maximum amount of the Companys collective guarantees related to all of these other majority-owned subsidiaries and equity-method investees
14
was approximately $318.7 million. The Company currently does not have any liability recorded with respect to these guarantees, but it will record one if events occur that make payment probable under the guarantees. The fair value of these guarantees is not material.
The Companys agreement with its principal third-party originating financial institution requires the Company to purchase on a daily basis the credit card receivables that are originated in the accounts maintained for the Companys benefit. To secure this obligation, the Company provides the financial institution a $10.0 million cash-collateralized letter of credit and has pledged retained interests carried at approximately $92.9 million. These arrangements prevent the Company from using the $10.0 million of cash for any other purpose, although the Company can substitute other collateral for the pledged retained interests. The Companys arrangements with the financial institution expire in March 2006. If the Company were to terminate a sub- service agreement under which this institution also provides certain services for the Company, there would be penalties of approximately $1.1 million as of March 31, 2005. The Company currently does not have any liability recorded with respect to the guarantees discussed in this paragraph, but it will record one if events occur that make payment probable under the guarantees. The fair value of these guarantees is not material.
A subsidiary of the Company has an agreement with another third-party financial institution pursuant to which the subsidiary services loans on behalf of the financial institution in exchange for servicing fees. Either party can cancel this contract with 30 days notice. The Company believes that the entities that conduct this business are adequately capitalized. Nevertheless, to further growth plans for the operations underlying the Companys Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment, the Company has guaranteed up to $15.0 million of potential indebtedness to the financial institution under its servicing program with subsidiaries of the Company. The Company currently does not have any liability recorded with respect to the guarantee discussed in this paragraph, but it will record one if events occur that make payment probable under the guarantee. The fair value of this guarantee is not material.
The Companys most significant source of liquidity is the securitization of credit card receivables. The maturity terms of the Companys securitizations vary. As of March 31, 2005, the Company had: a six-year term securitization facility, a five-year term securitization facility, a two-year variable funding securitization facility with renewal options and two one-year conduit securitization facilities with renewal options issued out of its originated portfolio master trust; a ten-year amortizing term securitization facility issued out of the Embarcadero Trust; and a one-year variable funding securitization facility issued out of the a trust associated with the Companys securitization of approximately $92.0 million and $72.1 million (face amount) in credit card receivables acquired during 2004 and in the first quarter of 2005, respectively. While the Company has never triggered an early amortization within any of the series underlying Company-arranged securitization facilities, and while the Company does not believe that it will, the Company may trigger an early amortization of one or more of the outstanding series within its securitization trusts. As each securitization facility expires or comes up for renewal, there can be no assurance that the facility will be renewed, or if renewed, there can be no assurance that the terms will be as favorable as the terms that currently exist. Either of these events could significantly increase the Companys need for additional liquidity.
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. In one of these legal proceedings, CompuCredit Corporation and five of the Companys subsidiaries are defendants in a purported class action lawsuit entitled Knox, et al. vs. First Southern Cash Advance, et al, No 5 CV 0445, filed in the Superior Court of New Hanover county, North Carolina, on February 8, 2005. The plaintiffs allege that in conducting a so-called payday lending business, certain of our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment subsidiaries violated various laws governing consumer finance, lending, check cashing, trade practices and loan brokering. The plaintiffs further allege that CompuCredit is the alter ego of its subsidiaries and is liable for their actions. The plaintiffs are seeking damages of up to $75,000 per class member. The Company intends to vigorously defend this lawsuit. These claims are similar to those that have been asserted against several other market participants in transactions involving small balance, short-term loans made to consumers in North Carolina.
There are no other material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party.
11. Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of earnings per share:
15
|
|
For the three months |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(In thousands, except |
|
||||
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income |
|
$ |
49,180 |
|
$ |
18,788 |
|
Preferred stock dividends |
|
|
|
(1,070 |
) |
||
Income attributable to common shareholders |
|
$ |
49,180 |
|
$ |
17,718 |
|
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Denominator for basic earnings per share (weighted-average shares outstanding) |
|
51,277 |
|
51,726 |
|
||
Effect of dilutive stock options and warrants |
|
1,239 |
|
955 |
|
||
Denominator for diluted earnings per share (adjusted weighted-average shares) |
|
52,516 |
|
52,681 |
|
||
Basic earnings per share |
|
$ |
0.96 |
|
$ |
0.36 |
|
Diluted earnings per share |
|
$ |
0.94 |
|
$ |
0.36 |
|
Excluded from the March 31, 2005 earnings per share calculations were 44,700 stock options as their effects were anti-dilutive. Excluded from March 31, 2004 earnings per share calculations are 2.4 million warrants and 0.2 million stock options as their effects then were anti-dilutive.
12. Subsequent Events
On April 1, 2005, the Company completed the acquisition of Wells Fargo Financials Consumer Auto Receivables business unit. This acquisition included all of Consumer Auto Receivables assets, business operations and employees for approximately $120.5 million including transaction costs. The acquisition was financed using approximately $88.2 million in debt with the remainder in cash. As of March 31, 2005, Consumer Auto Receivables had approximately $129.5 million in assets and operated in thirty-eight states through its twelve branches, three regional processing centers and national collection center at its Lake Mary, FL headquarters. This business has approximately 300 employees, and the Company expects to conduct this business through a separate business segment.
16
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included therein and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 where certain terms (including trust, subsidiary and other entity names and financial, statistical and operating measures) have been defined.
This Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current plans, expectations and beliefs about future events. Actual results could differ materially because of factors discussed in Forward-Looking Information in this item and elsewhere in this report.
OVERVIEW
We are a provider of various credit and related financial services and products to or associated with the underserved, or sub-prime, consumer credit market, as well as to un-banked consumers. Historically, we have served this market through our marketing and solicitation of credit card accounts and our servicing of various credit card receivables underlying both our originated accounts and our portfolio acquisitions. We generally have financed our credit card activities through the securitization of the receivables underlying the accounts we originate and the portfolios that we purchase. The leverage (i.e., the percentage on a dollar that lenders will lend us, or the advance rate) that our securitization facilities provide against our credit card receivables is a critical factor in our ability to obtain the desired returns on equity for our shareholders.
More recently, we have diversified our business operations to include the purchase and recovery of previously charged off receivables, as well as the marketing and servicing of micro-loans through various channels, including retail branch locations, grocery and convenience stores, direct marketing, telemarketing and the Internet. We also serve un-banked consumers through our offering of a stored-value (or debit) card through various retail branch locations. Finally, on April 1, 2005, we completed our acquisition of a portfolio of consumer receivables secured by automobiles and a platform for the origination and servicing of these loans.
With respect to the first quarter of 2005, we partnered with others to complete two credit card portfolio acquisitions. The first acquisition of approximately $72.1 million (face amount) in credit card receivables was through a majority-owned subsidiary, while the second involved the purchase of approximately $376.3 million (face amount) of credit card receivables through a 47.5% equity-method interest in a joint venture with other unaffiliated investors. Additionally, we continued our micro-lending expansion by acquiring substantially all of the assets of another micro-lender for approximately $11.9 million including transaction costs.
Throughout 2005 and beyond, our shareholders should expect us to continue to evaluate and pursue additional credit card receivables portfolios and other business activities and asset classes that are complementary to our historic sub-prime credit card business, including further acquisitions of sub-prime lenders.
We remain focused on making good economic decisions that will result in high returns on equity to our shareholders over a long-term horizon. While our decisions may make economic sense, they may also result in volatile earnings under GAAP as a result of the accounting requirements for securitizations under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities (Statement No. 140). To the extent that we grow our overall portfolio of credit card receivables (through origination, acquisition or other new channels) and then securitize these assets, we will have securitization income or loss,
17
which may be material. For further discussion of our historic results and the impact of securitization accounting on our results, see the Results of Operations and Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources sections below, as well as our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2004
Total interest income. Total interest income consists primarily of finance charges and late fees earned on our largely fee-based card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range. The approximate $9.2 million increase when comparing the three months ended March 31, 2005 to 2004 is due to growth in our credit card receivables associated with this product, none of which we have securitized. Also included within total interest income (under the other category) is the interest income that we have earned on our various investments in debt securities, including interest earned on bonds distributed to us from our equity-method investees, and on our subordinated, certificated interest in the Embarcadero Trust. Principal amortization has caused reductions in interest income levels associated with some of our bonds and the Embarcadero Trust subordinated, certificate interest. Nevertheless, our other interest income levels have remained relatively consistent between 2004 and 2005 due to other bond investments that we have made (typically in bonds issued by other third-party asset backed securitizations) throughout 2004 and the first quarter of 2005.
As we continue to grow our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, and assuming that we do not securitize the credit card loans receivable underlying this product offering in an off balance sheet arrangement, we expect to see continued growth in our total interest income throughout 2005.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased approximately $2.3 million principally due to interest costs associated with our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment acquisition and working capital-related debt, which added approximately $2.1 million in interest costs between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2005.
Fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets. The following table details the components of fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
|
For the three months |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
||||
Fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Retail micro-lending fees |
|
$ |
17,876 |
|
$ |
|
|
Fees on non-securitized credit card receivables |
|
29,729 |
|
16,745 |
|
||
De-securitized Fingerhut receivables |
|
32,732 |
|
|
|
||
Investments in previously charged off receivables |
|
17,508 |
|
14,019 |
|
||
Other |
|
2,921 |
|
11 |
|
||
Total |
|
$ |
100,766 |
|
$ |
30,775 |
|
The increase of approximately $70.0 million in fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets was largely attributable to: (1) growth in our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, which contributed approximately $13.0 million; (2) the addition of our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment (during the second quarter of 2004), which contributed approximately $17.9 million; (3) income associated with the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables (including the amortization of the associated deferred gain) of approximately $32.7 million; and (4) the growth in income within our Investments In Previously Charged Off Receivables segment of approximately $3.5 million. The other category above includes gains on put options that we wrote on our stock and fees associated with our stored-value card, merchant credit and on-line micro-lending operations, none of which represent significant activities for us. We expect to see continued growth in our retail micro-lending, non-securitized credit card, investments in previously charged off receivables, and other fee categories throughout 2005.
18
The $32.7 million of first quarter 2005 income from de-securitized Fingerhut receivables relates to the repayment of a Fingerhut securitization facility in its entirety in August 2004, thereby resulting in a de-securitization of the Fingerhut receivables. Accordingly, during the third quarter of 2004, we resumed on balance sheet ownership of these receivables at a $0.0 carryover basis corresponding to our then-existing basis in the Fingerhut retained interests. We have no plans to re-securitize the receivables underlying the Fingerhut Trust, and the remaining excess cash flows that we expect to receive from the Fingerhut receivables through December 2008 are currently estimated to be $81.2 million. Because of our $0.0 basis in the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables, as we receive our expected $81.2 million in cash flows from the Fingerhut receivables, we essentially will be reporting into GAAP income (as fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets) all of the cash flows that we receive in any particular accounting period. Total cash income recognized relating to the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2005 was $26.9 million; this amount should decline in successive quarters throughout 2005 as we continue our liquidation of the Fingerhut receivables portfolio.
19
Also reflected in the $32.7 million of first quarter 2005 income from de-securitized Fingerhut receivables is $5.8 million of post-de-securitization-related deferred gain amortization. Our original servicing liability associated with an original Fingerhut Trust was converted into a deferred gain upon a third quarter of 2003 Fingerhut retained interests exchange. This deferred gain is now being amortized into fees and other income on non-securitized earning assets on our condensed consolidated statements of operations in a manner that corresponds with actual and anticipated future cash collections on the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables. As of March 31, 2005, an additional $17.6 million of this deferred gain on Fingerhut receivables remains to be amortized into fees and other income in future periods. In successive quarters throughout 2005, the level of this deferred gains amortization into income should decline relative to the $5.8 million first quarter 2005 amount as we continue with our liquidation of the Fingerhut receivables portfolio.
Provision for loan losses. Our provision for loan losses increased to $19.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005, from $9.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The $10.1 million increase is principally due to our significant year-over-year growth in our on balance sheet loans and fees receivable related to our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range and the introduction of our micro-lending activities.
The provision for loan losses is provided to cover aggregate loss exposures on (1) principal receivable balances, (2) finance charges and late fees receivable underlying income amounts included within our total interest income category, and (3) fees receivable underlying fee income included within our fees and other income on non-securitized assets category. Although we do not expect to see any degradation in credit quality in 2005 and while current delinquency and credit loss trends look favorable, we do expect that our provision for loan losses will increase throughout 2005 based on the loans and fees receivable growth that we are planning throughout 2005.
Fees and other income on securitized earning assets. Fees and other income on securitized earning assets include (1) annual membership, over-limit, cash advance, returned check and other fees associated with our credit card products, (2) securitization gains and losses, and (3) income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized, each of which is detailed in the following table for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004.
|
|
For the three months |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
||||
Securitization income |
|
$ |
1,587 |
|
$ |
|
|
Income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized |
|
25,869 |
|
19,392 |
|
||
Fees on securitized receivables |
|
16,036 |
|
21,251 |
|
||
Total fees and other income on securitized earning assets |
|
$ |
43,492 |
|
$ |
40,643 |
|
The increase of approximately $2.8 million reflects: (1) securitization income related to our first quarter 2005 acquisition of approximately $72.1 million (face amount) in credit card receivables for approximately $42.0 million, including transaction costs, through one of our majority-owned subsidiaries; (2) an increase in income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized of $6.5 million, principally due to (a) improvements in the credit quality and performance of our retained interests in the originated portfolio master trust and purchased portfolio trusts, (b) cash draws that we made against originated portfolio master trust securitization facilities during the first quarter of 2005 to fund acquisitions and tax payments, and (c) the acquisition of two additional securitized portfolios since March 31, 2004, all of which caused higher income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized notwithstanding a slight net reduction in the level of securitized receivables between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2005; offset by (3) a decline in fees on securitized receivables associated with lower 2005 over-limit fees reflecting general economic environment and credit quality improvements for our securitized receivables, as well as slight net receivables declines between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2005.
Further details concerning delinquency and credit quality trends, which affect the level of our income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized, are provided in the discussion of our Credit Cards segment below.
20
Servicing income. Servicing income increased an anticipated $5.2 million, pre-tax, due to: (1) the addition of approximately $5.4 million of retail micro-loan processing and servicing fees for the three months ended March 31, 2005 with no corresponding amount for the three months ended March 31, 2004; (2) the addition of servicing income related to the approximately $92.0 million (face amount) in receivables that we acquired and securitized during the third quarter of 2004, the $996.5 million (face amount) in receivables that our equity-method investee, Transistor, acquired during the fourth quarter of 2004, the $376.3 million (face amount) in receivables that our newest equity-method investee acquired during the first quarter of 2005 and $72.1 million (face amount) in receivables that we acquired during the first quarter of 2005; and (3) two new term securitization facilities issued out of the originated portfolio master trust in October 2004. These two term securitization facilities permitted an increase in our servicing rates to 4% (i.e., from the .10% level that we have historically experienced for facilities issued out of our originated portfolio master trust).
These increases were offset partially by declines in the originated portfolio master trust, Embarcadero Trust and CSG Trust managed receivables and the de-securitization of the Fingerhut receivables. The de-securitization of the Fingerhut receivables had the effect of eliminating servicing income as a revenue source related to the Fingerhut receivables.
We expect servicing income levels during the remainder of 2005 that will be higher than 2004 levels based on the new, higher term securitization facility servicing rates, coupled with anticipated originated portfolio master trust receivables growth in 2005 and the new servicing opportunities that have arisen for us associated with the credit card receivables portfolio acquisitions mentioned above. To the extent that our servicing income rises associated with increased servicing rates on the two recent term securitization facilities issued out of the originated portfolio master trust, we will experience an offsetting reduction in income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized (a component of fees and other income on securitized earning assets).
Ancillary and interchange revenues. Ancillary and interchange revenues increased approximately $1.3 million primarily due to growth in both categories as a result of the addition of new accounts in our core portfolio, growth in our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, as well as the addition of new purchased portfolios. We typically experience higher purchasing volumes and higher associated interchange fees for newer cardholders than for more mature cardholders within our managed receivables portfolios. As such, our emphasis during 2004 on new account additions to replace older more stagnant accounts has produced higher interchange revenues.
Equity in income of equity-method investees. Equity in income of equity-method investees increased $19.0 million primarily due to income associated with our investments in our Transistor and Capacitor (33.3% each) equity-method investees made during the fourth quarter of 2004 and our first quarter 2005 investment in another 47.5%-owned equity-method investee that acquired credit card receivables portfolio during the first quarter of 2005. We expect these new investees to contribute significantly to our 2005 equity in income of equity-method investees.
Total other operating expense. Total other operating expense increased by approximately $44.9 million due to: (1) an approximate $12.4 million increase in marketing and solicitation costs principally associated with (a) increased marketing efforts aimed at growing account originations within our originated portfolio master trust and with respect to our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, and (b) the addition of our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment; (2) the addition of approximately $10.1 million in loan servicing costs associated with our micro-lending activities; (3) an $11.9 million increase in servicing costs related to increases in receivables associated with our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range and the addition of several new portfolios; and (4) an overall increase of approximately $9.1 million in other expenses, including occupancy and related expenses, due primarily to the addition of our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment.
While we incur certain base levels of fixed costs associated with the infrastructure that we have built to support our growth and diversification into new products and services for our under-served and un-banked customers, the vast majority of our operating costs are highly variable based on the levels of receivables that we service (both for our own account and for others) and the pace and breadth of our search for, acquisition of and introduction of new business lines,
21
products and services. We expect to continue growing and diversifying our business in 2005, and while certain unique expenses undertaken in 2004 may not be repeated in 2005 and while we continue to derive cost reductions through our outsourcing and other cost-control efforts, we do expect to see continued growth in our total other operating expense levels (on a year-over-year comparative basis relative to 2004) based on growth that we plan to undertake in 2005.
Minority Interest. The ownership interests of minority holders of equity in our two majority-owned subsidiaries are reflected as minority interests in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The minority interests expense associated with these subsidiaries totaled $9.2 million and $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, with the year-over-year increase based principally on the third quarter of 2004 addition of our second majority-owned subsidiary (and growth in its operations through its acquisition and securitization of a second credit card receivables portfolio growth early in the first quarter of 2005).
Income Taxes. Our effective tax rate was 36.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2005 compared to 37.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The decrease of approximately 1.0% in our effective tax rate between 2005 and 2004 is principally due to the favorable state income tax effects of acquisitions completed throughout 2004 and during the first quarter of 2005.
Credit Cards Segment
Our Credit Cards segment consists of our credit card investment and servicing activities, as conducted with respect to receivables underlying accounts originated and portfolios purchased by us. This segment represents aggregate activities associated with all of our credit card products, including our largely fee-based card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range. Revenues associated with our largely fee-based offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range include interest income (along with late fees), fees and other income, as we have not securitized the receivables associated with this offering. With respect to our securitized credit card receivables (which represent a substantial majority of our receivables), our fees and other income on securitized earnings assets within the Credit Cards segment include (1) securitization income, (2) income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized, and (3) fees and other income. Also within our Credit Cards segment are equity in the income of equity-method investees and servicing income revenue sources. We earn servicing income from the trusts underlying our securitizations and the securitizations of our equity-method investees. Our revenue categories most affected by delinquency and credit loss trends are the net interest income, fees and other income on non-securitized earnings assets (which are net of a provision for loan losses) and the income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized categories. Details of our income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 are as follows:
|
|
Three Months |
|
||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
||
|
|
(In millions) |
|
||||
Income from retained interests in credit card receivables securitized: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Originated portfolio |
|
$ |
7.4 |
|
$ |
6.1 |
|
Purchased portfolios(1) |
|
18.5 |
|
13.3 |
|
||
Total |
|
$ |
25.9 |
|
$ |
19.4 |
|
(1) This amount includes approximately $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2004 related to the Fingerhut Trust. It also includes $11.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 related to the Embarcadero Trust and $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 associated with portfolios of receivables acquired from the same seller and securitized in separate transactions in the third quarter of 2004 and early in the first quarter of 2005, respectively.
22
Background
All of our credit card securitizations are treated as sales under GAAP. As such, we remove the securitized receivables from our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The performance of the underlying credit card receivables will nevertheless affect the future cash flows we actually receive. Various references within this section are to our managed receivables, which include our non-securitized credit card receivables, as well as the credit card receivables underlying our off balance sheet securitization facilities. Managed receivables data also include our equity interest in the receivables that we manage for our equity-method investees and exclude minority interest holders shares of the receivables that we manage for our majority-owned subsidiaries.
Financial, operating and statistical data based on these aggregate managed receivables are key to any evaluation of our performance in managing (including underwriting, valuing purchased receivables, servicing and collecting) the aggregate of the portfolios of credit card receivables reflected on our balance sheet and underlying our securitization facilities. In allocating our resources and managing our business, management relies heavily upon financial data and results prepared on a so-called managed basis. It is also important to analysts, investors and others that we provide selected financial, operating and statistical data on a managed basis because this allows a comparison of us to others within the specialty finance industry. Moreover, our management, analysts, investors and others believe it is critical that they understand the credit performance of the entire portfolio of our managed receivables because it reveals information concerning the quality of loan originations and the related credit risks inherent within the securitized portfolios and our retained interests in our securitization facilities. It also facilitates comparison of us to others within the specialty finance industry.
Managed receivables data assume that none of the credit card receivables underlying our off balance sheet securitization facilities were ever transferred to securitization facilities and present the net credit losses and delinquent balances on the receivables as if we still owned the receivables. Reconciliation of the managed receivables data to our GAAP financial statements requires: (1) recognition that a significant majority of our loan and fee receivables (i.e., all but $135.1 million of GAAP credit card loan and fee receivables at gross face value) had been sold in securitization transactions as of March 31, 2005; (2) a look-through to our economic share of (or equity interest in) the receivables that we manage for our three equity-method investees; (3) removal of our minority interest holders interests in the managed receivables underlying our GAAP consolidated results; and (4) recognition that the de-securitized Fingerhut managed receivables are recorded at a $0.0 basis in our GAAP financial statements.
The period-end and average managed receivables data (as well as delinquency and charge-off statistics) that follow within this section exclude the receivables associated with all accounts in late delinquency status in sellers hands as of the dates of our acquisitions of the receivables or interests therein. Pursuant to this treatment, the only activity within the following statistical data associated with these excluded accounts are recoveries, which we include within the numerator of the other income ratio computation, as well as the costs of pursuing these recoveries, which we include within the numerator of the operating ratio computation. Summarized below are the managed accounts underlying our first quarter of 2005 acquisitions, as well as those acquired accounts that have been excluded from our credit card data because at the time of purchase, they were in a late delinquency status (in thousands):
Acquired accounts |
|
243 |
|
Excluded accounts |
|
9 |
|
The credit card receivables portfolios that we acquire are typically acquired at substantial discounts. A portion of each acquisition discount is related to the excluded receivables and accounts noted above. Another portion of each discount relates to the credit quality of the remaining acquired receivables and is calculated as the difference between the face amount of the receivables purchased (less the excluded receivables described above) and the future cash flows expected to be collected from the receivables. We refer to the balance of the discount for each purchase not needed for credit quality as accretable yield, which we amortize into net interest margin using the interest method over the estimated life of each acquired portfolio. As of the close of each financial reporting period, we evaluate the appropriateness of the credit quality discount component of our acquisition discount and the accretable yield component of our acquisition discount based on actual and projected future results. The following table summarizes the discount components associated with our economic interests in 2004 and first quarter of 2005 acquired portfolios as they were computed at the date of acquisition:
23
|
|
Purchases occurring |
|
||||
|
|
Three months |
|
Year ended |
|
||
|
|
(In millions) |
|
||||
Total face value acquired |
|
$ |
228.1 |
|
$ |
401.6 |
|
Total discount |
|
46.8 |
|
77.2 |
|
||
Portion used for excluded receivables |
|
13.1 |
|
26.9 |
|
||
Portion needed for credit quality |
|
21.5 |
|
35.1 |
|
||
Portion reflecting accretable yield |
|
12.1 |
|
15.2 |
|
||
Asset Quality
Our delinquency and charge off data at any point in time reflects the credit performance of our managed receivables. The average age of our credit card accounts, the timing of portfolio purchases, the success of our collection and recovery efforts and general economic conditions all affect our delinquency and charge off rates. The average age of our credit card receivables portfolio also affects the stability of our delinquency and loss rates. The delinquency and charge-off data reflected herein are considered by management in determining our allowance for uncollectible loans and fees with respect to our non-securitized earning assets, net on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as well as the valuation of our retained interests in credit card receivables securitized, which is a component of securitized earning assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As receivables are charged off, the charge offs of non-securitized receivables are reflected within our provision for loan losses, and the charge offs of securitized receivables are reflected as an offset in determining income from retained interest in credit card receivables securitized (within our fees and other income on securitized earning assets) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Our strategy for managing delinquency and receivables losses consists of account management throughout the customer relationship. This strategy includes credit line management and pricing based on the risk of the credit card accounts.
Delinquencies. Delinquencies have the potential to impact net income in the form of net credit losses. Delinquencies are also costly in terms of the personnel and resources dedicated to resolving them. A credit card account is contractually delinquent if the cardholders minimum payment is not received by the specified date on the cardholders statement. It is our policy to continue to accrue interest and fee income on all credit card accounts, except in limited circumstances, until the account and all related receivables, interest and other fees are charged off. See the Charge offs discussion as well.
The account management strategies that we use on our portfolio are intended to manage and to the extent possible reduce the higher delinquency rates that can be expected in a more mature managed portfolio such as ours. These account management strategies include conservative credit line management, purging of inactive accounts and collection strategies (as described under the heading How Do We Collect from Our Customers? in Item 1. Business of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004) intended to optimize the effective account-to-collector ratio across delinquency buckets. We measure the success of these efforts by measuring delinquency rates. These rates exclude accounts that have been charged off.
The following table presents the delinquency trends of the credit card receivables that we manage:
|
|
As of |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Mar. 31 |
|
Dec. 31 |
|
Sep. 30 |
|
Jun. 30 |
|
Mar. 31 |
|
Dec. 31 |
|
Sep. 30 |
|
Jun. 30 |
|
||||||||
|
|
(Dollars in thousands;% of total) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Period-end managed receivables |
|
$ |
2,246,256 |
|
$ |
2,166,489 |
|
$ |
1,931,514 |
|
$ |
1,942,059 |
|
$ |
2,090,644 |
|
$ |
2,340,898 |
|
$ |
2,518,822 |
|
$ |
2,242,542 |
|
Period-end managed accounts |
|
2,943 |
|
2,888 |
|
2,317 |
|
2,222 |
|
2,276 |
|
2,416 |
|
2,637 |
|
2,707 |
|
||||||||
Receivables delinquent: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
30 to 59 days past due |
|
$ |
70,558 |
|
$ |
80,419 |
|
$ |
76,028 |
|
$ |
84,474 |
|
$ |
71,108 |
|
$ |
104,380 |
|
$ |
118,300 |
|
$ |
111,452 |
|
60 to 89 days past due |
|
54,505 |
|
61,408 |
|
61,144 |
|
60,780 |
|
58,188 |
|
79,347 |
|
87,205 |
|
74,330 |
|
||||||||
90 or more days past due |
|
143,416 |
|
167,863 |
|
148,132 |
|
126,505 |
|
160,055 |
|
200,965 |
|
187,526 |
|
162,463 |
|
||||||||
Total 30 or more days past due |
|
$ |
268,479 |
|
$ |
309,690 |
|
$ |
285,304 |
|
$ |
271,759 |
|
$ |
289,351 |
|
$ |
384,692 |
|
$ |
393,031 |
|
$ |
348,245 |
|
Total 60 or more days past due |
|
$ |
197,921 |
|
$ |
229,271 |
|
$ |
209,276 |
|
$ |
187,285 |
|
$ |
218,243 |
|
$ |
280,312 |
|
$ |
274,731 |
|
$ |
236,793 |
|
Receivables delinquent as % of period-end loans: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
30 to 59 days past due |
|
3.1 |
% |
3.7 |
% |
3.9 |
% |
4.3 |
% |
3.4 |
% |
4.5 |
% |
4.7 |
% |
5.0 |
% |
||||||||
60 to 89 days past due |
|
2.4 |
|
2.8 |
|
3.2 |
|
3.1 |
|
2.8 |
|
3.4 |
|
3.5 |
|
3.3 |
|
||||||||
90 or more days past due |
|
6.4 |
|
7.7 |
|
7.7 |
|
6.5 |
|
7.7 |
|
8.6 |
|
7.4 |
|
7.2 |
|
||||||||
Total 30 or more days past due |
|
11.9 |
% |
14.2 |
% |
14.8 |
% |
13.9 |
% |
13.9 |
% |
16.5 |
% |
15.6 |
% |
15.5 |
% |
||||||||
Total 60 or more days past due |
|
8.8 |
% |
10.5 |
% |
10.9 |
% |
9.6 |
% |
10.5 |
% |
12.0 |
% |
10.9 |
% |
10.5 |
% |
24
A comparison of our lower delinquency rates in all categories as of March 31, 2005 to those as of March 31, 2004 supports our belief that we are seeing credit quality improvements within our portfolios. We believe this to be the case despite our marketing and addition of new accounts underlying our originated portfolio master trust during 2004, which tend to have lower delinquency rates than more mature accounts. The favorable effects of this phenomenon are offset by the growth in our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, the receivables of which experience greater delinquency and charge-off levels.
Charge offs. We generally charge off credit card receivables when they become contractually 180 days past due or within 30 days of notification and confirmation of a customers bankruptcy or death. In some cases of death, however, receivables are not charged off if, with respect to the deceased customers account, there is a surviving, contractually liable individual or an estate large enough to pay the debt in full. Other loans and fees receivable generally are charged off when they become contractually 90 days past due.
The following table presents the charge off data for: (1) all of the credit card receivables underlying the securitizations of our consolidated subsidiaries (adjusted to exclude the receivables associated with minority interest holders equity in our consolidated subsidiaries); (2) our respective 50.0%, 33.3% and 47.5% shares of the receivables that we manage on behalf of our equity-method investees; (3) the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables; and (4) the $135.1 million face amount of receivables associated with our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, which have not been securitized.
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Mar. 31 |
|
Dec. 31 |
|
Sep. 30 |
|
Jun. 30 |
|
Mar. 31 |
|
Dec. 31 |
|
Sep. 30 |
|
Jun. 30 |
|
||||||||
|
|
(Dollars in thousands; percentages annualized) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Average managed receivables |
|
$ |
2,307,471 |
|
$ |
2,039,235 |
|
$ |
1,924,520 |
|
$ |
2,001,489 |
|
$ |
2,219,537 |
|
$ |
2,419,674 |
|
$ |
2,469,194 |
|
$ |
2,359,513 |
|
Gross yield ratio |
|
28.2 |
% |
29.3 |
% |
29.8 |
% |
29.6 |
% |
30.3 |
% |
31.3 |
% |
32.1 |
% |
33.0 |
% |
||||||||
Combined gross charge offs |
|
$ |
117,924 |
|
$ |
131,061 |
|
$ |
121,498 |
|
$ |
140,573 |
|
$ |
165,815 |
|
$ |
169,482 |
|
$ |
161,746 |
|
$ |
206,451 |
|
Net charge offs |
|
$ |
52,432 |
|
$ |
58,270 |
|
$ |
61,255 |
|
$ |
74,087 |
|
$ |
87,331 |
|
$ |
90,446 |
|
$ |
95,629 |
|
$ |
123,062 |
|
Adjusted charge offs |
|
$ |
39,053 |
|
$ |
39,899 |
|
$ |
38,343 |
|
$ |
43,934 |
|
$ |
45,294 |
|
$ |
47,304 |
|
$ |
54,798 |
|
$ |
64,744 |
|
Combined gross charge off ratio |
|
20.4 |
% |
25.7 |
% |
25.3 |
% |
28.1 |
% |
29.9 |
% |
28.0 |
% |
26.2 |
% |
35.0 |
% |
||||||||
Net charge off ratio |
|
9.1 |
% |
11.4 |
% |
12.7 |
% |
14.8 |
% |
15.7 |
% |
15.0 |
% |
15.5 |
% |
20.9 |
% |
||||||||
Adjusted charge off ratio |
|
6.8 |
% |
7.8 |
% |
8.0 |
% |
8.8 |
% |
8.2 |
% |
7.8 |
% |
8.9 |
% |
11.0 |
% |
||||||||
Net interest margin |
|
21.1 |
% |
20.4 |
% |
22.4 |
% |
20.8 |
% |
20.1 |
% |
22.1 |
% |
22.4 |
% |
18.3 |
% |
||||||||
Other income ratio |
|
6.8 |
% |
5.4 |
% |
7.4 |
% |
6.9 |
% |
6.2 |
% |
5.9 |
% |
5.1 |
% |
5.5 |
% |
||||||||
Operating ratio |
|
8.6 |
% |
10.3 |
% |
8.2 |
% |
7.6 |
% |
7.1 |
% |
8.6 |
% |
7.3 |
% |
7.4 |
% |
The principal factor contributing to the lower gross yield ratio experienced during the first quarter of 2005 is our improved across-the-board delinquency rates within each of our managed receivables portfolios. Lower delinquencies have translated directly into lower late fee billings. Observations with respect to the remaining categories in the above table are as follows:
While all of our charge-off levels and ratios benefit from our marketing of new accounts underlying our originated portfolio master trust, which was renewed during mid to late 2004 and continued into 2005, the favorable effects of this phenomenon are offset by the growth in our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, the receivables of which experience greater charge-off levels than we experience within our originated portfolio master trust and with respect to purchased receivables.
25
While our net interest margin benefits from lower finance charge and late fee charge off levels within newly added accounts underlying our originated portfolio master trust, the favorable effects of this phenomenon are offset partially by the growth in our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range, the receivables of which experience lower APRs and have greater charge-off levels than we experience within our originated portfolio master trust and with respect to purchased receivables.
The significant trending seasonally adjusted decline in combined gross charge offs and combined gross charge off ratios principally reflects credit quality improvements within our portfolios.
Both credit quality improvements within our portfolios and our lower delinquencies have contributed to trending lower net charge offs and adjusted charge offs, as well as a lower net charge off ratio.
Our first quarter of 2005 combined gross charge off, net charge off and adjusted charge off ratios all benefit from the effects of three acquisitions that occurred late in the fourth quarter of 2004 and early in the first quarter of 2005. That is to say that our March 31, 2005 managed receivables data exclude all receivables associated with accounts that were at or near charge off at the time the receivables portfolios were acquired. The exclusion of these late stage or severely delinquent accounts at the time of acquisition means that there are no charge-offs on the acquire portfolios receivables until the acquired portfolios season through their delinquency buckets in the months following the acquisitions. Magnifying this beneficial effect is the fact that while there are no charge-offs of these receivables until the portfolios season through their delinquency buckets, the denominator of the various charge off ratio computations is increased to include all of the acquired portfolios receivables that were not at or near charge off at the times of acquisition. In prior filings we have sometimes referred to this effect as the denominator effect. These beneficial effects will carry over into future 2005 quarters until the acquired portfolios receivables season through their delinquency buckets.
The gap between our net charge offs and adjusted charge offs, as well as their associated ratios, has narrowed in recent quarters. Given our efforts to grow our account originations and receivables levels for both our traditional credit card product and our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range and given cardholder purchase activities and the commensurate generation of new receivables by customers underlying our portfolio acquisitions, the pre-acquisition receivables balances within our acquired portfolios (to which our credit quality discount at acquisition applies) have fallen as a relative percentage of our total portfolio of managed receivables. Our first quarter 2005 receivables acquisitions should serve to diminish somewhat the pace of this trend over the next few quarters.
Our first quarter 2005 net interest margin has been favorably influenced by the effects of our recent acquisitions and lower finance charge and late fee charge offs. Our lower finance charge and late fee charge offs are consistent with the absolute improvements that we are seeing year over year in the credit quality of our portfolios. We expect to see some further improvements in our net interest margin throughout the balance of 2005.
The general trend of year over year improvements in the other income ratio results principally from increased fee income (net of fee charge offs) associated with our largely fee-based credit card product offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range. Also contributing is improved credit quality overall, which has had the effect of reducing the level of fee charge offs netted against fee income associated with our originated portfolio master trust and purchased portfolio managed receivables.
The decline in the first quarter 2005 operating ratio relative to the fourth quarter of 2004 principally reflects the effects our $9.0 million charitable contribution in the fourth quarter of 2004.
26
Definitions of Financial, Operating and Statistical Measures
We refer readers to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 for the definitions of adjusted charge offs, combined gross charge offs, the gross yield ratio, net charge offs, the net interest margin, and the other income ratio, none of which have changed from the definitions provided in that Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our operating ratio represents an annualized fraction, the numerator of which includes the expenses associated with our Credit Cards segment (net of any servicing income we receive in our capacity as servicer for other parties with separate economic interests in the trusts that we service), other than marketing and solicitation and ancillary product expenses, and the denominator of which is average managed receivables.
For first quarter of 2005, the following table shows a roll-forward of our investments in previously charged off receivables activities (in thousands of dollars):
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
Unrecovered balance at beginning of period |
|
$ |
15,094 |
|
Acquisitions of defaulted accounts |
|
10,323 |
|
|
Cash collections |
|
(24,791 |
) |
|
Income recognized on defaulted accounts |
|
17,508 |
|
|
Balance at the end of the period |
|
$ |
18,134 |
|
Estimated remaining collections (ERC) |
|
$ |
64,616 |
|
At the time of acquisition, the life of each pool of previously charged off receivables generally is estimated under our proprietary models to be between 24 and 36 months for our contractual charge off purchases and between 24 and 60 months for Chapter 13 bankruptcy charge off purchases. We anticipate collecting approximately 60.0% of the ERC over the next twelve months, with the balance to be collected thereafter.
The above table reflects our use of the cost recovery method of accounting for our investments in previously charged off receivables. Under this method, static pools consisting of homogenous accounts and receivables are established for each portfolio acquisition. Once a static pool is established, the receivables within the pool are not changed. Each static pool is recorded at cost and is accounted for as a single unit for payment application and income recognition purposes. Under the cost recovery method, income associated with a particular portfolio is not recognized until cash collections have exceeded the investment. Additionally, until such time as cash collected for a particular portfolio exceeds our investment in the portfolio, we will incur commission costs and other internal and external servicing costs associated with the cash collections on the portfolio investment that will be charged as an operating expense without any offsetting income amounts.
We expect our Investments in Previously Charged Off Receivables segment to continue its revenue and income growth throughout 2005.
Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing Segment
The Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment consists of a network of storefront locations that provide, either directly or on behalf of a lending bank, small-denomination, short-term, unsecured cash advances that are typically due on the customers next payday. The assets associated with our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing operations were principally acquired in two separate transactions completed during 2004. During the second quarter of 2004, certain of our subsidiaries acquired substantially all of the assets of First American, including over 300 retail locations in 11 states, for approximately $108.9 million. Representing an initial market entry into micro-lending and servicing activities, the First American acquisition provided a platform for future growth in this market. Subsequently, during the third quarter of 2004, our subsidiaries acquired substantially all of the assets of another micro-lender, Venture Services, including 166 retail locations in 7 states, for approximately $33.9 million. The Venture Services acquisition provided complementary locations in 4 existing states and added 3 new states. Also in January 2005, one of our subsidiaries acquired substantially
27
all of the assets of another micro-lender for approximately $11.9 million, including transaction costs; with this acquisition, we added an additional 39 stores in the State of Ohio. As of March 31, 2005, our subsidiaries operated a total of 516 micro-lending and servicing locations in 14 states.
The micro-lending market emerged in the early 1990s in response to a shortage of available short-term consumer credit alternatives from traditional banking institutions. We believe customers seek micro-loans as a simple, quick and confidential way to meet short-term cash needs between paydays while avoiding the potentially higher costs and negative credit consequences of other financing alternatives, which include overdraft privileges or bounced check protection, late bill payments, checks returned for insufficient funds and short-term collateralized loans.
In most of the states in which our subsidiaries operate our micro-lending business, loans are made directly to customers. However, in certain other states, they act only as a processing and servicing agent for a state-chartered, FDIC insured bank that issues loans to customers pursuant to the authority of the laws of the state in which the bank is located and federal interstate banking laws, regulations and guidelines. Unlike many competitors, our subsidiaries have structured their processing and servicing agreements with the lending bank so that the bank bears the entire credit risk associated with the loans. Additionally, unlike many competitors, our subsidiaries do not purchase overdue loans from the lending bank. As of March 31, 2005, our subsidiaries were making micro-loans directly to customers in 389 of the 516 locations in 10 states, and they were acting as a processing and servicing agent for the lending bank in the remaining 127 locations in 4 states. For the three months ended March 31, 2005, direct storefront micro-lending generated revenues of $17.9 million, and revenues through processing and servicing activities for the lending bank were $5.4 million.
In addition to the 39 locations acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2005, three new locations were opened during the quarter ended March 31, 2005. The capital cost of opening a new branch location varies depending on the size and location of the branch, but typically averages approximately $30,000. This capital cost includes leasehold improvements, signage, fixtures, furniture, computer equipment and security. Historically, it typically takes approximately nine months for a micro-loan location to generate sufficient revenues to cover its branch expenses, excluding management fees paid to its parent. During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, eight of the branch locations were closed in order to better allocate our resources.
|
|
For the Three |
|
Year Ended |
|
Beginning number of locations |
|
482 |
|
|
|
Acquired locations |
|
39 |
|
468 |
|
Opened locations |
|
3 |
|
16 |
|
Closed locations |
|
(8 |
) |
(2 |
) |
Ending locations |
|
516 |
|
482 |
|
Pre-tax net income within our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment was $0.9 million for the first quarter of 2005. Historically, the first quarter of each calendar year includes the slowest lending months of the year for the micro-lending sector as many consumers have the benefit of income tax refunds during this period, which allows them to repay their outstanding micro-lending obligations and to meet their day-to-day cash flow needs without the necessity of micro-lending products. Also relevant to our first quarter 2005 results is the fact that we completed our 39-store acquisition in January 2005, which resulted in higher operating costs for us during a period of relatively low seasonal revenues. Notwithstanding the above factors, we expect greater pre-tax net income levels for our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment throughout the balance of 2005levels which we expect will represent meaningful growth relative to our 2004 pre-tax net income levels. We have these expectations notwithstanding guidance recently published by the FDIC, which seeks to limit the frequency of borrower usage of micro-loans offered by FDIC-supervised institutions and the period a customer may have micro-loans outstanding from any lender to three months during the previous twelve-month period. We are currently assessing the effects of this guidance on our business as well formulating new lending approaches to satisfy the new FDIC guidelines.
28
Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources
At March 31, 2005, we had approximately $78.6 million in unrestricted cash. Because the characteristics of our assets and liabilities change, liquidity management is a dynamic process affected by the pricing and maturity of our assets and liabilities. We finance our business through cash flows from operations, asset backed securitizations and the issuance of debt and equity:
During the three months ended March 31, 2005, we generated $22.4 million in cash flow from operations, compared to using $49.1 million in cash flow from operations during the three months ended March 31, 2004. The $71.5 million increase is due primarily to (1) the $26.9 million first quarter 2005 cash flows associated with our zero-basis de-securitized Fingerhut receivables, all of which are reflected in our net income; (2) improved first quarter 2005 performance of the credit card receivables within our securitization trusts, which has in turn resulted in higher collections of finance charges and fees as a component of our net income; and (3) higher first quarter 2005 income associated with collections on our previously charged off receivables investments.
During the three months ended March 31, 2005, we generated $12.4 million of cash in investing activities, compared to generating approximately $5.8 million of cash for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The $6.6 million increase is due primarily to a $43.0 million increase in our proceeds from (net of investments in) securitized earning assets based on significantly reduced collateral enhancement requirements and the fact that, unlike the first quarter of 2004, we currently have no principal funding account deposit requirements within our originated portfolio master trust. This was offset partially by a $9.6 million greater net investment in non-securitized earning assets for the three months ended March 31, 2005 than for the corresponding period in 2004, our previously mentioned portfolio and asset acquisitions made during the first quarter of 2005 and increased purchases of software, furniture, fixtures and equipment related to our continued growth and expansion.
During the three months ended March 31, 2005, we used $12.7 million in cash from financing, compared to generating $0.0 in cash from financing activities during the same period in 2004. The $12.7 million increase in cash flow used is primarily due increased net distributions to minority interest-holders in our consolidated subsidiaries and higher net debt repayments in the first quarter of 2005.
To avoid incurring costs on funds not currently needed to fund investments or operations, we have focused on reducing our unrestricted cash balances to the minimal levels necessary to meet our daily operations and investment needs. Having said this, we note that our March 31, 2005 unrestricted cash balances are higher than they have typically been at the close of our recent prior accounting periods given our need to have cash on hand to fund the completion of our automobile lending acquisition on April 1, 2005. We have managed our cash balances by managing our draws under our securitization facilities in a way that allows us to meet our cash needs on an as needed basis. Given the completion of our $1.25 billion 2-year variable funding facility in January of 2004 (which has now been expanded to $1.5 billion), we are confident in our ability to draw additional cash from this facility (as well as our conduit facilities) to meet our operating needs as they arise throughout 2005. As of March 31, 2005, our collateral base within our originated portfolio master trust was sufficient to allow for additional cash draws of $116.2 million against our existing securitization facilities.
While our current cash flows and available draws under our existing securitization facilities are more than adequate to meet our operating needs throughout 2005, we expect to explore several new acquisition opportunities throughout 2005 and beyond through our efforts to acquire other credit card receivables portfolios and our expansion into product and service offerings complementary to our sub-prime consumer market. While we anticipate using some of our existing cash reserves (and draw potential against our existing variable funding and conduit securitization facilities) to fund acquisitions, it is likely that acquisitions may require the use of substantial amounts of cash or may require us to incur substantial acquisition-related debt financing. Based on the pace and magnitude of prior recent acquisitions coupled with our desire to complete further acquisitions, some of which may be substantial, in 2005 and beyond, we have been evaluating high-yield and convertible debt market transactions and other potential capital sources. To the extent that we find the markets attractive enough to us to allow us to obtain long-term committed funding for future growth and acquisitions on terms that we consider favorable, we expect to issue the appropriate debt, equity-linked or equity securities, possibly in the near future.
29
On April 1, 2005, we completed the acquisition of Wells Fargo Financials Consumer Auto Receivables business unit. This acquisition included all of Consumer Auto Receivables assets, business operations and approximately 300 employees for approximately $120.5 million including transaction costs. As of March 31, 2005 Consumer Auto Receivables had approximately $129.5 million in assets and operated in thirty-eight states through its twelve branches, three regional processing centers and national collection center at its Lake Mary, FL headquarters. The acquisition was financed using approximately $88.2 million in debt with the remainder paid in cash. The $88.2 million in debt was financed through an asset securitization transaction. In that transaction a newly-formed special purpose subsidiary purchased the receivables and supporting collateral from the business and financed that acquisition through a secured lending facility with a bank. The debt incurred under that facility is recourse only to the assets that are pledged to the lender. We intend to finance any receivables growth in the business through this same process. The sale of receivables and supporting collateral to Funding does not qualify for gain on sale treatment under Statement No. 140.
In January 2005, we purchased a 47.5% interest in a joint venture for approximately $10.9 million, including transaction costs. One of our wholly owned subsidiaries and two unaffiliated investors formed this entity in connection with the acquisition of approximately $376.3 million (face amount) in credit card receivables. These receivables were then transferred to a subsidiary of the joint venture, and then on to a trust pursuant to a Statement No. 140 transfer in exchange for notes and a subordinated, certificated interest issued by the trust. We account for our investment in this joint venture under the equity method of accounting, and it is included in investment in equity-method investees on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2005. For a fee that represents adequate compensation for servicing, we have agreed to service this entire portfolio of securitized credit card receivables.
Our Board of Directors has authorized a program to repurchase up to 10 million shares (approximately 18.8 percent of the outstanding total) of our outstanding common stock. Under the plan, we repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time either on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions in compliance with SEC guidelines. At our discretion, we may use the treasury shares to satisfy option exercises and restricted stock grants. We will continue to evaluate our stock price relative to other investment opportunities and, to the extent we believe that the repurchase of our stock represents an appropriate return of capital, we will repurchase additional shares of our stock.
As part of our share repurchase program, we have written and, contingent upon favorable market conditions, may continue to write put options on our own shares. The put options allow us to settle the options in either stock or cash. As of March 31, 2005, we are obligated to purchase 250,000 shares under these put option contracts, none of which represented a liability based on the then-existing share price.
Securitization Facilities
Our most significant source of liquidity is the securitization of credit card receivables. As of March 31, 2005, we had total securitization facilities of approximately $3.0 billion and had used approximately $1.1 billion of these facilities. The weighted-average borrowing rate on these facilities at March 31, 2005 was approximately 3.9%. The maturity terms of our securitizations vary.
In the table below, we have noted the securitization facilities (along with their maturity dates) with respect to which a substantial majority of our managed credit card receivables served as collateral as of March 31, 2005 (i.e., all credit card receivables other than the de-securitized Fingerhut receivables and the receivables associated with our largely fee-based credit card offering to consumers at the lower end of the FICO scoring range). Following the table are further details concerning each of the facilities.
Maturity date |
|
Facility Limit(1) |
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in millions) |
|
|
August 2005(2) |
|
$ |
95.5 |
|
September 2005(3) |
|
306.0 |
|
|
October 2005(4) |
|
200.0 |
|
|
January 2006(5) |
|
1,500.0 |
|
|
October 2009(6) |
|
299.5 |
|
|
October 2010(6) |
|
299.5 |
|
|
January 2014(7) |
|
335.3 |
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
3,035.8 |
|
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(1) Excludes securitization facilities related to receivables managed by CSG because such receivables and their related securitization facilities relate to CSG, our 50%-owned equity-method investee, and therefore are appropriately excluded from direct presentation in the condensed consolidated statement of operations or condensed consolidated balance sheet items included herein. For similar reasons, excludes the securitization facilities underlying Transistors on-balance-sheet structured financing of its credit card receivables acquisition and the securitization facility of our 47.5%-owned equity-method investee, the investment in which we completed in January of 2005.
(2) Represents the conduit notes associated with our 75.1% membership interest in Bluestem.
(3) Represents the end of the revolving period for a $306.0 million conduit facility.
(4) Represents the end of the revolving period for a $200.0 million conduit facility.
(5) This facility also contains one-year renewal periods (subject to certain conditions precedent) at the expiration of the initial two-year term and an orderly amortization of the facility at expiration.
(6) On October 8, 2004, we completed two new, term securitization facilities, which were issued out of our originated portfolio master trust: a 5-year facility represented by $299.5 million aggregate principal notes and a 6-year facility also represented by $299.5 million aggregate principal notes. For each of these facilities, these principal note balances exclude $22.5 million of principal notes that we currently retain but may choose to sell during the life of the facilities.
(7) Represents a ten-year amortizing term series issued out of the Embarcadero Trust.
For each portfolio of credit card receivables that we have securitized, there has never been an early amortization period. We have experienced, however, early amortization events associated with each of the securitization structures represented by the Fingerhut retained interests that we acquired in 2002 and the retained interests that CSG acquired in 2002both of which were contemplated and planned for in connection with our establishment of purchase prices for the respective acquisitions. While the Fingerhut early amortization event was made inconsequential to us first by a Fingerhut retained interests exchange during the third quarter of 2003 and then again by our third quarter 2004 de-securitization of the Fingerhut receivables, the CSG early amortization event has ongoing consequences for us. Due to a reduction in the principal balance of the receivables within the CSG Trust (the retained interests in which are owned by our equity-method investee, CSG), a principal balance trigger occurred, and hence early amortization began, during the second quarter of 2003. The occurrence of this event caused CSG to cease its cash distributions to us in June 2003, although we expect that the CSG Trust will continue to provide adequate compensation to us in cash for servicing the portfolio of receivables underlying the CSG Trust and will continue to make payments to us in respect of our investment in CSG Trust bonds held.
While we have never triggered an early amortization within any of the series underlying our originated portfolio master trust securitization and while we do not believe that we will, it is conceivable that, even with close management, we may trigger an early amortization of one or more of the outstanding series within this trust. Early amortization for any of the originated portfolio master trust securitization series would have adverse effects on our liquidity, certainly during the early amortization period and potentially beyond repayment of any such series because potential investors could tend to shy away from future CompuCredit-backed issuances.
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Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
See Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004. There have been no new material commitments entered into since December 31, 2004 other than:
On April 1, 2005, we completed our acquisition of Wells Fargo Financials Consumer Auto Receivables business unit for approximately $120.5 million including transaction costs. The acquisition was financed using approximately $88.2 million in debt with the remainder paid in cash. The $88.2 million in debt was financed through an asset securitization transaction described above under Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources.
Commitments and Contingencies
We have certain contractual arrangements that would require us to make payments or provide funding if certain circumstances occur (contingent commitments). We do not currently expect that these contingent commitments will result in any amounts being paid by us. See Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of these matters.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
In many instances, the application of GAAP requires management to make estimates or to apply subjective principles to particular facts and circumstances. A variance in the estimates used or a variance in the application or interpretation of GAAP could yield a materially different accounting result. It is impracticable for us to summarize every accounting principle that requires us to use judgment or estimates in its application. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004, we discuss the four areas (valuation of retained interests, investments in previously charged off receivables, non-consolidation of qualifying special purpose entities and allowance for uncollectible loans and fees) where we believe that the estimations, judgments or interpretations that we have made, if different, would have yielded the most significant differences in our financial statements, and we urge you to review that discussion. In addition, in Note 8, Off Balance Sheet Arrangements, to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report, we have updated a portion of our sensitivity analysis with respect to retained interest valuations.
Related Party Transactions
Since 2001, we have been subleasing 7,316 square feet of excess office space to Frank J. Hanna, Jr., for $21.50 per square foot. Frank J. Hanna, Jr. is the father of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, David G. Hanna, and one of our directors, Frank J. Hanna, III. The sublease rate is the same as the rate that we pay on the prime lease. Total rent for the three months ended March 31, 2005 for the sublease was approximately $40,000.
See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 for a discussion of the acquisition of previously defaulted receivables by Jefferson Capital from trusts serviced by us.
Forward-Looking Information
All statements in this quarterly report concerning our operations, earnings and liquidity expectations for 2005 and all other statements regarding our future performance (including those
32
using words such as believe, estimate, project, anticipate, or predict) are forward-looking statements. These types of statements are used in our discussions of: Total interest income; Fees and other income on loan-securitized earning assets; Provision for loan losses; Servicing income; Equity in income of equity-method investees; net interest margin; Investments in Previously Charged off Receivables; Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing Segment and Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources among others. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to various assumptions, risks and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those suggested by these forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the following risks and others set forth under the caption Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004:
(1) The cash flows we receive from our retained interests are a critical component of our financial performance and are dependent upon the cash flows received on the receivables underlying our securitizations. The collectibility of the receivables underlying our securitizations is a function of many factors including the criteria used to select to whom credit is extended, the pricing of the credit products, the length of the relationship with each customer, general economic conditions, the rate at which customers repay their accounts and the rate at which customers change or become delinquent. To the extent we have over estimated collectibility, in all likelihood we have over estimated our financial performance.
(2) We are substantially dependent upon securitizations and other borrowed funds to fund the receivables that we originate or purchase. All of our securitization facilities are of finite duration (and ultimately will need to be extended or replaced) and contain conditions that must be fulfilled in order for funding to be available. In the event that advance rates for securitizations are reduced, investors in securitizations require a greater rate of return, we fail to meet the requirements for continued funding or large-scale securitizations otherwise become unavailable to us, we may not be able to maintain or grow our base of receivables or it may be more expensive for us to do so. In addition, a portion of our receivables cannot be financed through securitizations because of advance rate limitations and must be financed through equity that either is the result of profitable operations or is raised from third parties or through funds borrowed elsewhere. The cost and availability of equity and borrowed funds is dependent upon our financial performance, the performance of our industry generally, and general economic and market conditions, and recently has been both expensive and difficult to obtain.
(3) Our financial performance is, in part, a function of the aggregate amount of receivables that we have outstanding. In turn, this is a function of many factors including interest rates, seasonality, general economic conditions, competition from other credit card issuers and other sources of consumer financing, access to funding as noted above and the success of our marketing efforts. To the extent that we have over-estimated the size or growth of our receivables, in all likelihood we have over-estimated our future performance.
(4) Our operating expenses and our ability to effectively service receivables is dependent on our ability to estimate the future size and general growth rate of the portfolio. One of our servicing agreements causes us to make additional payments if we overestimate the size or growth of our business. These additional payments are to compensate the servicer for increased staffing expenses it incurs in anticipation of our growth. If we grow slower than anticipated, we may still have higher servicing expenses than we actually need, thus reducing our net income. We generally have sufficient office space, customer service representatives, collectors and computer capacity to accommodate expected growth. However, we are dependent on labor markets to supply qualified employees at appropriate compensation when needed. To the extent that growth occurs unexpectedly, or the labor markets are tight at that time, we may encounter difficulties in accommodating that growth effectively.
(5) We operate in a heavily regulated industry. Changes in bankruptcy, privacy or other consumer protection laws, including laws that regulate the creation and enforcement of consumer loans, or changes in the interpretation thereof, may adversely affect our ability to collect credit card account, micro-loans and other loan and fee balances or otherwise adversely affect our business or expose us to litigation. Similarly, regulatory changes or changes in interpretation of existing regulations could adversely affect our ability to market credit cards, stored-value cards, micro-loans or other products and services to our customers. The Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment of our business operates in an increasingly hostile regulatory environment, and there currently is a purported class action lawsuit pending against us with respect to this business. Lastly, our operations routinely are subject to review by various governmental authorities, which may or may not subject us to fines, penalties or requirements that we change our operations.
33
(6) The accounting rules that govern our business are exceedingly complex, difficult to apply and in a state of flux. As a result, how we value our credit card receivables and otherwise account for our business (including whether we consolidate our securitizations) is subject to change depending upon the interpretation of, and changes in, those rules.
(7) We routinely explore various opportunities to grow our business, including the purchase of receivable portfolios and other businesses. We have acquired several businesses within the past year and expect to acquire others in the future. There are a number of risks attendant to any acquisition, including the possibility that we will overvalue the assets to be purchased, that we will not be able to successfully integrate the acquired business or assets, and that we will not be able to produce the expected level of profitability from the acquired business or assets. As a result, the impact of any acquisition on our future performance may not be as favorable as expected and actually may be adverse.
We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk
Interest rate sensitivity is comprised of basis risk, gap risk and market risk. Basis risk is caused by the difference in the interest rate indices used to price assets and liabilities. Gap risk is caused by the difference in repricing intervals between assets and liabilities. Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. Our principal market risk is related to changes in interest rates. This affects us directly in our lending and borrowing activities, as well as indirectly as interest rates may impact the payment performance of our customers.
We incur basis risk because we fund managed assets at a spread over commercial paper rates or LIBOR, while the rates on the underlying managed assets are indexed to the prime rate. This basis risk results from the potential variability over time in the spread between the prime rate on the one hand, and commercial paper rates and LIBOR on the other hand. We have not hedged our basis risk because we believe that the cost of hedging this risk is greater than the benefits we would get from elimination of this risk. We incur gap risk because the debt underlying our securitization trust facilities reprices monthly; whereas, our receivables do not adjust unless we specifically adjust them with appropriate notification. This gap risk, however, is relatively minor as we can reprice the substantial majority of our receivables very quickly in response to a rate change.
As to the issue of market risk, we attempt to minimize the impact of interest rate fluctuations on net income by regularly evaluating the risk inherent within our asset and liability structure, especially our off balance sheet assets (such as securitized receivables) and their corresponding liabilities. The impact of interest rate fluctuations on our securitized receivables is reflected in the valuation of our retained interests in credit card receivables securitized. This risk arises from continuous changes in our asset and liability mix, changes in market interest rates (including such changes that are caused by fluctuations in prevailing interest rates, payment trends on our interest-earning assets and payment requirements on our interest-bearing liabilities) and the general timing of all other cash flows. To manage our direct risk to interest rates, management actively monitors interest rates and the interest sensitive components of our securitization structures. Management seeks to minimize the impact of changes in interest rates on the fair value of assets, net income and cash flows primarily by matching asset and liability repricings. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be successful in our attempts to manage such risks.
At March 31, 2005, a substantial portion of our managed credit card receivables, including those related to our equity-method investees, and other interest-earning assets had variable rate pricing, with receivables carrying annual percentage rates at a spread over the prime rate (5.75% at March 31, 2005), subject to interest rate floors. At March 31, 2005, approximately $69.8 million of our total managed receivables were priced at their floor rate, of which, $45.1 million of these receivables were closed and therefore ineligible to be repriced and the remaining $24.7 were open and eligible to be repriced. Every 10% increase in LIBOR that we experience until the accounts underlying these $69.8 million in receivables reach their floor rate would result in an approximate $78,000 after-tax negative impact on our
34
annual cash flows. Nevertheless, to the extent we choose to reprice any of the $24.7 million of receivables underlying the open accounts that are below their floor rate, we can mitigate against any possible adverse impact on our cash flows.
We believe we are not exposed to any material foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at meeting their objectives.
(b) Internal control over financial reporting.
There were not any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
35
PART IIOTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in various legal proceedings that are incidental to the conduct of our business. In one of these legal proceedings, CompuCredit Corporation and five of our subsidiaries are defendants in a purported class action lawsuit entitled Knox, et al. vs. First Southern Cash Advance, et al, No 5 CV 0445, filed in the Superior Court of New Hanover county, North Carolina, on February 8, 2005. The plaintiffs allege that in conducting a so-called payday lending business, certain of our Retail Micro-Lending and Servicing segment subsidiaries violated various laws governing consumer finance, lending, check cashing, trade practices and loan brokering. The plaintiffs further allege that CompuCredit is the alter ego of our subsidiaries and is liable for their actions. The plaintiffs are seeking damages of up to $75,000 per class member. We intend to vigorously defend this lawsuit. These claims are similar to those that have been asserted against several other market participants in transactions involving small balance, short-term loans made to consumers in North Carolina.
ITEM 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits
Exhibit |
|
Description of Exhibit |
|
Incorporated
by |
|
Certification per Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for David G. Hanna |
|
Filed herewith |
|
31.2 |
|
Certification per Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for J.Paul Whitehead, III |
|
Filed herewith |
32.1 |
|
Certification per Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for David G. Hanna and J.Paul Whitehead, III |
|
Filed herewith |
36
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
|
COMPUCREDIT CORPORATION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
May 4, 2005 |
By |
/s/ J.PAUL WHITEHEAD, III |
|
|
J.Paul Whitehead, III |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
(duly authorized officer and principal |
37