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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10–Q

 

 

ý                                 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2002

 

 

OR

 

o                                 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to

 

Commission file number 0 – 18032

 

 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

State of Delaware

 

93–0835214

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

 

 

5555 N.E. Moore Court, Hillsboro, Oregon

 

97124–6421

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

(503) 268-8000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ý    No o

 

At June 30, 2002, there were 109,713,372 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value, outstanding.

 

 



 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

 

INDEX

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

 

 

Item 1.

 

Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of  Operations — Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2002 and June 30, 2001

 

 

 

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet — June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001

 

 

 

 

 

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows — Six Months Ended June 30, 2002 and June 30, 2001

 

 

 

 

 

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

 

 

Item 2.

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

 

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 4.

 

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

 

 

Item 5.

 

Other Information

 

 

 

Item 6.

 

Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

 

 

 

 

 

Signatures

 

 

2



 

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

 

ITEM 1.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

$

56,466

 

$

74,082

 

$

115,344

 

$

185,180

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs and expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of products sold

 

22,492

 

27,771

 

46,098

 

69,681

 

Research and development

 

21,078

 

18,126

 

42,463

 

36,315

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

12,220

 

13,366

 

24,078

 

30,767

 

In-process research and development

 

 

 

24,200

 

 

Amortization of intangible assets(1)

 

17,923

 

21,160

 

36,546

 

41,897

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

 

73,713

 

80,423

 

173,385

 

178,660

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) income from operations

 

(17,247

)

(6,341

)

(58,041

)

6,520

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other income, net

 

3,078

 

1,383

 

1,177

 

4,334

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes

 

(14,169

)

(4,958

)

(56,864

)

10,854

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Benefit) provision for income taxes

 

(6,022

)

(1,281

)

(23,100

)

3,255

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

 

$

(8,147

)

$

(3,677

)

$

(33,764

)

$

7,599

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic net (loss) income per share

 

$

(0.07

)

$

(0.03

)

$

(0.31

)

$

0.07

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted net (loss) income per share

 

$

(0.07

)

$

(0.03

)

$

(0.31

)

$

0.07

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shares used in per share calculations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

109,684

 

108,623

 

109,619

 

108,368

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted

 

109,684

 

108,623

 

109,619

 

112,280

 

 


(1) Includes $571 and $140 of amortization of deferred stock compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2002 and June 30, 2001, respectively, and $1,132 and $168 for the six months ended June 30, 2002 and June 30, 2001, respectively, attributable to Research and Development activities.

 

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

3



 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(In thousands, except share and par value data)

(unaudited)

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

December 31, 2001

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

131,681

 

$

250,203

 

Short-term investments

 

176,508

 

281,363

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

28,679

 

19,452

 

Inventories

 

63,590

 

64,926

 

Other current assets

 

62,161

 

28,747

 

Deferred income taxes

 

29,180

 

31,591

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total current assets

 

491,799

 

676,282

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property and equipment, net

 

64,197

 

63,222

 

Foundry investments, advances and other assets

 

88,989

 

162,418

 

Intangible assets, net

 

178,531

 

125,081

 

Goodwill

 

223,535

 

81,387

 

Deferred income taxes

 

80,078

 

65,590

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

1,127,129

 

$

1,173,980

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

 

$

40,377

 

$

38,255

 

Deferred income on sales to distributors

 

17,310

 

18,103

 

Income taxes payable

 

2,042

 

2,751

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

 

59,729

 

59,109

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4 3/4% Convertible notes due in 2006

 

250,750

 

260,000

 

Other long-term liabilities

 

15,879

 

15,101

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized;
none
issued or outstanding

 

 

 

Common stock, $.01 par value, 300,000,000 shares authorized,
109,713,372 and 109,428,061 shares issued and outstanding

 

1,097

 

1,094

 

Paid-in capital

 

557,685

 

548,053

 

Deferred stock compensation

 

(8,076

)

(2,739

)

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

13,399

 

22,932

 

Retained earnings

 

236,666

 

270,430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

 

800,771

 

839,770

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

1,127,129

 

$

1,173,980

 

 

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

4



 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

 

 

 

Six  Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

 

$

(33,764

)

$

7,599

 

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

46,901

 

53,061

 

Gain on sale of equity securities

 

(4,017

)

 

Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes

 

(1,195

)

 

Write-off of debt issuance costs

 

102

 

 

In-process research and development

 

24,200

 

 

Tax benefit of option exercises

 

792

 

10,056

 

Changes in assets and liabilities (net of effect of business combination):

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

(9,227

)

30,166

 

Inventories

 

4,160

 

(8,361

)

Foundry investments, advances and other assets

 

28,682

 

(9,151

)

Intangible assets

 

 

936

 

Deferred income taxes

 

1,369

 

(1,270

)

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

 

2,005

 

(40,995

)

Deferred income

 

(793

)

(24,327

)

Income taxes payable

 

(22,865

)

(3,594

)

Other liabilities

 

(815

)

(788

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total adjustments

 

69,299

 

5,733

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

35,535

 

13,332

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from short-term investments, net

 

104,854

 

24,312

 

Acquisition of Agere FPGA

 

(254,184

)

 

Other intangible assets acquired

 

 

(5,475

)

Proceeds from sale of equity securities

 

9,930

 

 

Capital expenditures

 

(10,207

)

(7,987

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

 

(149,607

)

10,850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Repurchases of common stock, net

 

 

(10,614

)

Extinguishment of convertible debt, net

 

(8,055

)

 

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

 

3,605

 

14,591

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

 

(4,450

)

3,977

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

 

(118,522

)

28,159

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning cash and cash equivalents

 

250,203

 

235,900

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ending cash and cash equivalents

 

$

131,681

 

$

264,059

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash (received) paid for income taxes, net

 

$

(32,923

)

$

12,566

 

Cash paid for interest

 

6,247

 

6,175

 

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized loss on appreciation of foundry investments included in other comprehensive income

 

$

(6,803

)

$

(1,420

)

 

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

5



 

 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

 

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation:

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and in our opinion include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of results for the interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001.

 

On January 18, 2002, we completed the acquisition of the field-programmable gate array (“FPGA”) business (“Agere FPGA”) of Agere Systems Inc. (“Agere”) for $250 million in cash. This transaction was accounted for as a purchase, and accordingly, the results of operations for Agere FPGA and estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were included in our condensed consolidated financial statements beginning January 18, 2002. This acquisition is discussed further in Note 4.

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the fiscal periods presented. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

 

We report based on a 52 or 53 week year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. For ease of presentation, we have adopted the convention of using March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 as period end dates for all financial statement captions.

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of the factors, including those related to the acquisition of Agere FPGA, set forth in the section entitled “Factors Affecting Future Results” and elsewhere in this report.

 

 

6



 

Note 2 - Revenue Recognition:

 

Revenue from direct customers is recognized upon shipment provided that persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists, the price is fixed, title has transferred, collection of resulting receivables is probable, there are no customer acceptance requirements and no remaining significant obligations.  Certain of our sales are made to distributors under agreements providing price protection and right of return on unsold merchandise.  Revenue and cost relating to such distributor sales are deferred until the product is sold by the distributor and related revenue and costs are then reflected in income.

 

Note 3 — Net Income Per Share:

 

Net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities assumed to be outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities consist of stock options, warrants to purchase common stock and convertible subordinated notes.

 

The most significant difference between basic and diluted net income per share is that basic net income per share does not treat potentially dilutive securities such as stock options, warrants and convertible subordinated notes as outstanding. For the six months ended June 30, 2001, diluted weighted-average shares outstanding include the effect of stock options and warrants but exclude the effect of our convertible notes as they were antidilutive.  For the three and six months ended June 30, 2002, and the three months ended June 30, 2001, the computation of net loss per share excludes the effect of stock options, warrants and the convertible notes as they were antidilutive. A reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per share is presented below (in thousands, except for per share data):

 

 

 

Three months ended

 

Six months ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

Net (loss) income

 

$

(8,147

)

$

(3,677

)

$

(33,764

)

$

7,599

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shares used in basic net (loss) income per share calculations

 

109,684

 

108,623

 

109,619

 

108,368

 

Dilutive effect of stock options and warrants

 

 

 

 

3,912

 

Shares used in diluted net (loss) income per share

 

109,684

 

108,623

 

109,619

 

112,280

 

Basic net (loss) income per share

 

$

(0.07

)

$

(0.03

)

$

(0.31

)

$

0.07

 

Diluted net (loss) income per share

 

$

(0.07

)

$

(0.03

)

$

(0.31

)

$

0.07

 

 

 

7



 

 

Note 4 — Acquisition of Agere FPGA:

 

On January 18, 2002, we completed the acquisition of Agere FPGA for $250 million in cash. This acquisition increased our share of the PLD market, accelerated our entry into the FPGA portion of the market and provided us with additional technical employees and intellectual property. This acquisition principally comprises intellectual property, which was valued using a discounted cash flow methodology of which goodwill was a by-product. The transaction was completed pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of December 7, 2001 between Lattice and Agere.  The components of  the purchase price were as follows (in millions):

 

Cash

 

$

 250.0

 

Estimated direct acquisition costs

 

6.3

 

Total

 

$

 256.3

 

 

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 141, “Business Combinations,” the total purchase price was allocated to the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The estimate of fair value of the assets acquired was based on an independent appraisal and our estimates. The purchase price allocation is subject to further refinement and change over the next two quarters. We are in the process of completing our integration of Agere FPGA, and accordingly, the amounts recorded are based on our current estimates of these costs. The total purchase price was allocated as follows (in millions):

 

Excess of purchase price over net assets acquired

 

$

142.0

 

Current technology

 

63.3

 

In-process research and development

 

24.2

 

Fair value of non-compete agreement

 

13.8

 

Licensed technology

 

10.2

 

Inventory

 

2.6

 

Backlog

 

1.6

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

.2

 

Accrued liabilities

 

(1.6

)

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

256.3

 

 

 

There were no significant exit costs incurred or accrued in connection with this transaction. Management expects the costs of this acquisition, including goodwill, to be deductible for income tax purposes.

 

Employees joining us from Agere during the first quarter of 2002 were awarded approximately 1.1 million stock options which vest ratably over four years at a grant price of $14.76 per share. The difference between grant price and market value of our common stock on the grant date, aggregating approximately $7.0 million, was recorded as paid-in capital and deferred stock compensation and is being amortized to operations ratably over the vesting period as part of Amortization of Intangible Assets.

 

 

8



 

 

In-Process Research and Development (“IPR&D”)

 

IPR&D consists of those products that are not yet proven to be technologically feasible but have been developed to a point where there is value associated with them in relation to potential future revenue. Because technological feasibility was not yet proven and no alternative future uses are believed to exist for the in-process technologies, the assigned value was expensed immediately upon the closing date of the acquisition.

 

The value of $24.2 million assigned to acquired IPR&D was determined by identifying research projects in areas for which technological feasibility had not been established and there was no alternative future use. Projects in the IPR&D category are the ORCA 4 FPGA family, the next generation ORCA 5 FPGA family and the FPSC field-programmable system chips. The following is a brief description of these projects. The ORCA 4 FPGA family project, increasing speed and density, was approximately 85% complete and estimated to be completed by 2003 at an estimated cost of $1.5 million. The next generation ORCA 5 FPGA family project, increasing speed and density while reducing die size, was approximately 50% complete and estimated to be completed by 2004 at an estimated cost of $2 million. The future development of FPSC field-programmable system chips (field-programmable system chips which combine embedded pre-defined logic circuits with the ORCA 4 and ORCA 5 FPGA platforms) was approximately 25% to 90% complete, and  estimated to be completed by 2004 at an estimated cost of $2 million. The IPR&D value of $24.2 million was determined by an income approach where fair value is the present value of projected free cash flows that will be generated by the products incorporating the acquired technologies under development, assuming they are successfully completed. The estimated net free cash flows generated by the products over 5-7 year periods were discounted at rates ranging from 23 to 25 percent in relation to the stage of completion and the technical risks associated with achieving technological feasibility. The net cash flows for such projects were based on management’s estimates of revenue, expenses and asset requirements.

 

All of these projects have completion risks related to silicon functionality, architecture performance, process technology availability, packaging technology, continued availability of key technical personnel, product reliability and availability of software support. To the extent that estimated completion dates are not met, the risk of competitors’ product introductions is greater and revenue opportunity may be permanently lost.

 

Useful lives of intangible assets

 

The non-compete agreement from Agere and the current and licensed technology included in the acquisition of Agere FPGA have an estimated weighted average useful life of approximately 6.3 years.  In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” the excess of purchase price over net assets acquired, or Goodwill, will be subject to an impairment test at least annually and will not be amortized (see Note 8).

 

 

9



 

Pro forma results

 

The following pro forma results of operations information are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of the consolidated results of operations for future periods or that actually would have been realized had Lattice and Agere FPGA been a consolidated entity during the periods presented. The pro forma results combine the results of operations as if Agere FPGA had been acquired as of the beginning of the periods presented. These pro forma results do not include the effect of non-recurring purchase accounting adjustments. The results do include the impact of certain adjustments such as intangible asset amortization, estimated changes in interest income (expense) related to cash outlays associated with the transaction and income tax benefits related to the aforementioned adjustments. Additionally, the in-process research and development charge of $24.2 million discussed above has been excluded from the periods presented due to its non-recurring nature:

 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

 

 

Six months ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

Revenue

 

$

120,736

 

$

222,480

 

Net (loss) income

 

$

(18,236

)

$

390

 

Basic net (loss) income per share

 

$

(.17

)

$

.00

 

Diluted net (loss) income per share

 

$

(.17

)

$

.00

 

 

Note 5 - Inventories (in thousands):

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

Dec. 31, 2001

 

Work in progress

 

$

42,318

 

$

44,460

 

Finished goods

 

21,272

 

20,466

 

 

 

$

63,590

 

$

64,926

 

 

Note 6 - Other current assets (in thousands):

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

Dec. 31, 2001

 

Equity securities available for sale

 

$

45,000

 

$

 

Income taxes receivable

 

5,500

 

18,000

 

Current portion of wafer supply advance

 

3,730

 

3,400

 

Other prepaids and current assets

 

7,931

 

7,347

 

 

 

$

62,161

 

$

28,747

 

 

 

10



 

Note 7 - Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands):

 

 

 

Common Stock

 

Paid-in Capital

 

Deferred Stock Compensation

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 

Retained Earnings

 

Total

 

Balances, Dec. 31, 2001

 

$

1,094

 

$

548,053

 

$

(2,739

)

$

22,932

 

$

270,430

 

$

839,770

 

Common stock issued

 

3

 

2,371

 

 

 

 

2,374

 

Tax benefit of option exercises

 

 

792

 

 

 

 

792

 

Unrealized loss on foundry investments (Note 10)

 

 

 

 

(6,803

)

 

(6,803

)

Reclassify gain on sale of foundry investments previously unrealized (Note 10)

 

 

 

 

(3,398

)

 

(3,398

)

Deferred stock compensation

 

 

6,469

 

(6,469

)

 

 

 

Amortization of deferred stock compensation

 

 

 

1,132

 

 

 

1,132

 

Translation adjustment

 

 

 

 

668

 

 

668

 

Net loss for the six-month period

 

 

 

 

 

(33,764

)

(33,764

)

Balances, June 30, 2002

 

$

1,097

 

$

557,685

 

$

(8,076

)

$

13,399

 

$

236,666

 

$

800,771

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the first six-month period of 2002 was approximately $43.3 million and was comprised of $33.8 million net loss from operations, $10.2 million in unrealized loss and reclassifications related to foundry investments, offset by $.7 million of translation adjustments.

 

Note 8 - New Accounting Pronouncements:

 

In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS 142, which supersedes APB Opinion No. 17, “Intangible Assets.” SFAS 142, among other things, establishes new standards for intangible assets acquired in a business combination, eliminates amortization of goodwill and sets forth requirements to periodically evaluate goodwill for impairment. We adopted this statement during the first quarter of 2002 and thus goodwill and certain intangibles with indefinite lives are no longer being amortized. Accordingly, approximately $8 million of previous quarterly amortization is no longer being recorded. We have completed an initial goodwill impairment assessment as of January 1, 2002 to determine if a transition impairment charge should be recognized under SFAS 142. Upon assessment, no transition impairment charge was recorded.

 

 

11



 

The following table presents the impact of SFAS 142 on our net income and our net income per share had the new standard been in effect for the six months ended June 30, 2001, the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and the nine months ended December 31, 1999:

 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

 

 

Six months ended

 

Year ended

 

Nine months ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

Dec. 31, 2001

 

Dec. 31, 2000

 

Dec. 31, 1999

 

Net (loss) income-as reported

 

$

(33,764

)

$

7,599

 

$

(109,519

)

$

167,887

 

$

(48,146

)

Adjustments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amortization of goodwill

 

 

16,263

 

32,949

 

30,997

 

18,222

 

Income tax effect

 

 

(6,025

)

(12,206

)

(11,140

)

(6,848

)

Net adjustments

 

 

10,238

 

20,743

 

19,857

 

11,374

 

Net (loss) income- as adjusted

 

$

(33,764

)

$

17,837

 

$

(88,776

)

$

187,744

 

$

(36,772

)

Basic net (loss) income per share - as reported

 

$

(.31

)

$

.07

 

$

(1.01

)

$

1.65

 

$

(.50

)

Basic net (loss) income per share - adjusted

 

$

(.31

)

$

.16

 

$

(.82

)

$

1.85

 

$

(.39

)

Diluted net (loss) income per share - as reported

 

$

(.31

)

$

.07

 

$

(1.01

)

$

1.47

 

$

(.50

)

Diluted net (loss) income per share - adjusted

 

$

(.31

)

$

.16

 

$

(.82

)

$

1.64

 

$

(.39

)

 

 

The following tables present details of the Company’s total purchased intangible assets (in millions):

 

June 30, 2002

 

Gross

 

Accumulated amortization

 

Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current technology

 

$

273.6

 

$

(133.6

)

$

140.0

 

Customer list

 

17.4

 

(10.6

)

6.8

 

Licenses

 

10.2

 

(0.7

)

9.5

 

Non-compete agreements

 

13.8

 

(2.1

)

11.7

 

Patents and trademarks

 

26.8

 

(16.3

)

10.5

 

Total

 

$

341.8

 

$

(163.3

)

$

178.5

 

 

December 31, 2001

 

Gross

 

Accumulated amortization

 

Net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current technology

 

$

 210.2

 

$

 (106.8

)

$

 103.4

 

Customer list

 

17.4

 

(8.9

)

8.5

 

Patents and trademarks

 

26.8

 

(13.6

)

13.2

 

Total

 

$

 254.4

 

$

 (129.3

)

$

 125.1

 

 

 

12



 

The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets as of June 30, 2002 is as follows (in millions):

 

Fiscal Year:

 

Amount

 

2002 (remaining six months)

 

$

34.6

 

2003

 

68.9

 

2004

 

41.3

 

2005

 

11.8

 

2006

 

8.2

 

2007

 

8.2

 

Later years

 

5.5

 

 

 

$

178.5

 

 

 

The estimated future amortization expense of deferred stock compensation attributable to Research and Development activities as of June 30, 2002 is approximately $1.2 million for the remaining six months of 2002, $2.5 million annually for 2003 and 2004, and $2.0 million for 2005.

In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS 144, “Accounting for the Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” which supersedes SFAS 121, “Accounting for the Impairment Of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of.” SFAS 144 retains the fundamental provisions of SFAS 121 regarding the recognition and measurement of the impairment of long-lived assets to be held and used and the measurement of long-lived assets to be disposed by sale, but provides additional definition and measurement criteria for determining when an impairment has occurred. Goodwill and financial instruments are excluded from the scope of SFAS 144, however amortizable intangible assets fall within its scope. The adoption of this statement in the first quarter of 2002 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In May 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 145, “Rescission of FAS Nos. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FAS 13, and Technical Corrections.” Among other things, SFAS 145 rescinds various pronouncements regarding early extinguishment of debt and allows extraordinary accounting treatment for early extinguishment only when the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, “Reporting the Results of Operations — Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions” are met. SFAS 145 provisions regarding early extinguishment of debt are generally effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002. Management adopted this pronouncement during the second quarter of 2002.

 

During the June 2002 quarter, we extinguished $9.25 million face value of our 4¾% convertible notes for approximately $8.0 million in cash, including accrued interest. We recognized a gain of approximately of $1.2 million in connection with this transaction. As specified in SFAS 145, this gain was recorded in “Other Income, net” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

 

13



 

In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities”. SFAS 146 requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. SFAS 146 eliminates the definition and requirement for recognition of exit costs in Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 94-3 where a liability for an exit cost was recognized at the date of an entity’s commitment to an exit plan. This statement is effective for exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. We do not believe that the adoption of this statement will have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

Note 9 - Legal Matters:

 

We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

 

Note 10 — Unrealized Loss on Foundry Investments:

 

In 1995, we entered into a series of agreements with United Microelectronics Corporation (“UMC”), a public Taiwanese company, pursuant to which we agreed to join UMC and several other companies to form a separate Taiwanese corporation, (“UICC”), for the purpose of building and operating an advanced semiconductor manufacturing facility in Taiwan, Republic of China.  Under the terms of the agreements, we invested approximately $49.7 million for an approximate 10% equity interest in the corporation and the right to receive a percentage of the facility’s wafer production at market prices.

 

In 1996, we entered into an agreement with Utek Corporation (“Utek”), a public Taiwanese company in the wafer foundry business that became affiliated with the UMC group in 1998, pursuant to which we agreed to make a series of equity investments in Utek under specific terms. In exchange for these investments, we received the right to purchase a percentage of Utek’s wafer production. Under this agreement, we invested approximately $17.5 million. On January 3, 2000, UICC and Utek merged into UMC.

 

The market value of our investment in UMC at December 31, 2001 was approximately $103.1 million. During the first six months of 2002, we recorded a $9.5 million unrealized loss ($6.8 million net of tax and reflected in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income) related to changes in the market value of our unrestricted UMC shares. In connection with the sale of certain unrestricted UMC shares discussed below, approximately $3.4 million of previously unrealized gain (net of tax) on these shares was realized.

 

During the second quarter of 2002, we sold approximately 7.6 million of our unrestricted UMC shares for approximately $9.9 million cash. The resultant $4.0 million pre-tax gain associated with these sales was recorded in “Other income, net” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and represents the difference between market value on the date of sale and September 30, 2001. In the September 2001 quarter, the carrying value of the UMC shares was reduced as we recorded a $152.8 million loss representing a decline in the market value of our unrestricted UMC shares.

 

The net book value of our remaining UMC investment at June 30, 2002 was approximately $82.3 million. Of this amount, approximately $45 million ($0 at December 31, 2001), representing the carrying value of unrestricted UMC shares that we expect to sell in the next twelve months, is classified

 

 

14



 

as part of Other current assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The remaining portion of the investment balance is classified as part of Foundry investments, advances and other assets.

 

We currently own approximately 77 million shares of UMC common stock. Restrictions by UMC and the Taiwan government apply to approximately 30% of these shares. If we liquidate our UMC shares, it is likely that the amount of any future realized gain or loss will be different from the accounting gain or loss reported in prior periods.

 

Note 11 — Segment and Geographic Information:

 

We operate in one industry segment comprising the design, development, manufacture and marketing of high performance programmable logic devices. Our sales by major geographic area were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

United States

 

$

23,995

 

$

35,112

 

$

48,711

 

$

88,366

 

Export sales:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

13,239

 

20,301

 

30,447

 

47,660

 

Asia

 

16,807

 

14,729

 

30,114

 

38,590

 

Other

 

2,425

 

3,940

 

6,072

 

10,564

 

 

 

32,471

 

38,970

 

66,633

 

96,814

 

 

 

$

56,466

 

$

74,082

 

$

115,344

 

$

185,180

 

 

 

Resale of product through two distributors accounted for approximately 24% and 18% of revenue in the first six months of 2002, and 30% and 21%, respectively, for the first six months of 2001. More than 90% of our property and equipment is located in the United States. Other long-lived assets located outside the United States consist primarily of foundry investments and advances (see Note 10).

 

Note 12- Subsequent Events:

 

On July 15, 2002, we announced an agreement to acquire privately-held Cerdelinx Technologies, Inc. of San Jose, California. Closing is subject to customary conditions and is expected to occur by the end of August 2002. Under terms of the agreement, we will acquire Cerdelinx in a stock transaction valued at approximately $23 million. A portion of the consideration will be expensed as in-process research and development in the third quarter of 2002.

 

Between July 1, 2002 and August 12, 2002, we extinguished an additional $24.2 million of our convertible subordinated notes, resulting in a gain of approximately $4.5 million.

 

 

15



 

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

 

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward—looking statements as a result of the factors set forth in the section entitled “Factors Affecting Future Results” and elsewhere in this report.

 

Results of Operations

 

Key elements of our consolidated statement of operations, expressed as a percentage of revenues, were as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

Revenue

 

100.0

%

100.0

%

100.0

%

100.0

%

Gross margin

 

60.2

%

62.5

%

60.0

%

62.4

%

Research and development expenses

 

37.3

%

24.5

%

36.8

%

19.6

%

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

21.6

%

18.0

%

20.9

%

16.6

%

In-process research and development

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

Amortization of intangible assets

 

31.7

%

28.6

%

31.7

%

22.6

%

(Loss) income from operations

 

(30.5

%)

(8.6

%)

(50.3

%)

3.5

%

 

Revenue:

 

Revenue for the second quarter of 2002 decreased $17.6 million, or 24%, as compared to the second quarter of 2001, and by $69.8 million, or 38% for the first six months of 2002 when compared to the first six months of 2001. The composition of our revenue by product family for the second quarter and first six months of 2002 and 2001, respectively, was as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

FPGA

 

13

%

0

%

10

%

0

%

CPLD

 

68

%

77

%

70

%

77

%

SPLD

 

19

%

23

%

20

%

23

%

 

We acquired Agere FPGA on January 18, 2002. Revenue from the sale of FPGA devices subsequent to the acquisition was approximately $7.1 million and $11.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002. Prior to the acquisition, we had no significant revenue from the sale of FPGA devices.

 

During 2001, the semiconductor and PLD markets experienced a significant downturn, which has continued into the second quarter of 2002. Our revenue decrease in the first two quarters of 2002 as compared to the first two quarters of 2001 was a result of this downturn and the resultant decrease in demand for our products. Revenue declined across all geographies, and demand across most end markets remains weak.

 

 

16



 

As a percentage of total revenue, U.S. sales decreased to 42% for the first six months of 2002 as compared to 48% for the first six months of 2001. Export sales to Asia declined in absolute terms but rose as a percentage of total revenue from 21% in the first six months of 2001 to 26% in the first six months of 2002. Export sales to Europe accounted for 26% of total revenue in both fiscal periods.

 

Overall average selling prices decreased slightly in the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 as compared to the same fiscal periods of 2001, and declined sequentially between the first and second quarters of 2002, due primarily to product mix changes. Although selling prices of mature products generally decline over time, this decline is at times offset by higher selling prices of new products.  Our ability to achieve revenue growth is in large part dependent on the continued development, introduction and market acceptance of new products. See “Factors Affecting Future Results.”

 

Gross margin:

 

Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 60.2% and 60.0% in the second quarter and first six months of 2002, as compared to 62.5% and 62.4% in the same calendar periods of 2001, respectively. This gross margin decrease was primarily due to lower margins realized on finished goods inventory purchased in conjunction with our acquisition of Agere FPGA and the increased proportion of fixed manufacturing costs in the 2002 fiscal periods due to the decline in revenue discussed above.  These factors more than offset continued reductions in our overall manufacturing costs. Reductions in overall manufacturing costs resulted primarily from yield improvements, migration of products to more advanced technologies and smaller die sizes, and wafer, assembly and test price reductions.

 

Research and development:

 

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses increased approximately $3.0 million and $6.1 million, respectively, in the second quarter of 2002 and first six months of 2002 when compared to the same calendar periods of 2001. This increase was primarily due to increased engineering headcount and related spending due to our acquisition of Agere FPGA. We believe that a continued commitment to research and development is essential in order to maintain product leadership of our existing product families and to provide innovative new product offerings, and therefore we expect to continue to make significant future investments in research and development.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expense:

 

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses decreased approximately $1.1 million and $6.7 million, respectively, in the second quarter of 2002 and first six months of 2002 when compared to the same calendar periods of 2001. These decreases were primarily due to reduced revenue and associated reductions in variable costs and reductions in discretionary spending.

 

 

17



 

In-Process Research and Development:

 

IPR&D consists of those products that are not yet proven to be technologically feasible but have been developed to a point where there is value associated with them in relation to potential future revenue. Because technological feasibility was not yet proven and no alternative future uses are believed to exist for the in-process technologies, the assigned value was expensed immediately upon the closing date of the acquisition.

 

The value of $24.2 million assigned to acquired IPR&D was determined by identifying research projects in areas for which technological feasibility had not been established and there was no alternative future use. Projects in the IPR&D category are the ORCA 4 FPGA family, the next generation ORCA 5 FPGA family and the FPSC field-programmable system chips. The following is a brief description of these projects.  The ORCA 4 FPGA family project, increasing speed and density, was approximately 85% complete and estimated to be completed by 2003 at an estimated cost of $1.5 million. The next generation ORCA 5 FPGA family project, increasing speed and density while reducing die size, was approximately 50% complete and estimated to be completed by 2004 at an estimated cost of $2 million. The future development of FPSC field-programmable system chips (field-programmable system chips which combine embedded pre-defined logic circuits with the ORCA 4 and ORCA 5 FPGA platforms) was approximately 25% to 90% complete, and estimated to be completed by 2004 at an estimated cost of $2 million. The IPR&D value of $24.2 million was determined by an income approach where fair value is the present value of projected free cash flows that will be generated by the products incorporating the acquired technologies under development, assuming they are successfully completed. The estimated net free cash flows generated by the products over 5-7 year periods were discounted at rates ranging from 23 to 25 percent in relation to the stage of completion and the technical risks associated with achieving technological feasibility. The net cash flows for such projects were based on management’s estimates of revenue, expenses and asset requirements.

 

All of these projects have completion risks related to silicon functionality, architecture performance, process technology availability, packaging technology, continued availability of key technical personnel, product reliability and availability of software support. To the extent that estimated completion dates are not met, the risk of competitors’ product introductions are greater and revenue opportunity may be permanently lost.

 

Useful lives of intangible assets:

 

The non-compete agreement from Agere and the current and licensed technology included in the acquisition of Agere FPGA have an estimated weighted average useful life of approximately 6.3 years.  In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” the excess of purchase price over net assets acquired, or Goodwill, will be subject to an impairment test at least annually and will not be amortized (see Note 8).

 

Amortization of Intangible Assets:

 

Amortization of intangible assets was approximately $17.9 million and $36.5 million, respectively, in the second quarter of 2002 and first six months of 2002, as compared to $21.1 million and $41.9

 

 

18



 

million for the same calendar periods of 2001. This represents an approximate $3 million quarterly decrease in the 2002 periods as compared to the 2001 periods. This decrease is the result of an $8.0 million quarterly decrease related to the cessation of amortizing goodwill upon the adoption of SFAS No. 142 in the first quarter of 2002 (see Note 8), partially offset by amortization of approximately $4.7 million and $10.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 for intangible assets recorded in conjunction with the acquisition of Agere FPGA on January 18, 2002. The estimated useful life of the intangible assets, including those acquired in the acquisition of Agere FPGA, is generally from three to seven years.

 

Other income, net:

 

Other (expense) income, net increased by approximately $1.7 million in the second quarter of 2002 as compared to the second quarter of 2001. This increase was primarily due to a $4.0 million gain recorded in connection with the sale of approximately 7.6 million unrestricted UMC shares (see Note 10) and a $1.2 million gain recorded in connection with the extinguishment of $9.3 million of our convertible notes. These gains more than offset reduced interest income due to lower invested balances associated with the acquisition of Agere FPGA (see Note 4) and lower interest rates on invested balances. The $3.2 million decrease in other income, net in the first six months of 2002 when compared to the same calendar period in 2001 is due to reduced interest income in the 2002 periods partially offset by the security transactions discussed above.

 

(Benefit) provision for income taxes:

 

The (benefit) provision for income taxes for the second quarter of 2002 and first six months of 2002 results in an effective tax rate of (42.5)% and (40.6)% of pretax loss, as compared to (25.8)% and 30.0% for the same calendar periods of 2001. The tax benefit in the 2002 periods and the second quarter of 2001 is the result of the pretax loss reported in those periods. The tax rates associated with the tax benefit in the 2002 periods is higher than the benefit rate for the second quarter of 2001 and the provision rate for the first six months of 2001 because of the proportional impact of our marginal tax rate applied to operating income and non taxable investment income. The effective rate for all periods presented is different than the combined federal and state statutory rates primarily because of tax-exempt investment income and tax credits.

 

 

19



 

FACTORS AFFECTING FUTURE RESULTS

 

A continuing downturn in the communications equipment or computing end markets has  caused a reduction in demand for our products and limited our ability to maintain or increase our revenue and profit levels.

 

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from customers in the communications equipment and computing end markets.  A downturn in the overall global economy or in the economies of the countries where we derive significant revenue could lead to a contraction of capital spending on information technology.  This in turn could lead to a reduction in the demand for communications or computing equipment and for our products.

 

Due to a deterioration in overall economic conditions and a significant reduction in information technology capital spending, the communications and computing end markets are currently experiencing significant and prolonged downturns. In addition, the abrupt transition from an environment of rapid growth to the current environment in these end equipment markets resulted in an excess of component inventory within our end customers.  At present and in the future when these or other similar conditions exist, there is likely to be an adverse effect on our operating results.

The cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry may limit our ability to maintain or increase revenue and profit levels during current or future industry downturns.

 

The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical, to a greater extent than other less dynamic or less technology-driven industries.  Our financial performance has periodically been negatively affected by downturns in the semiconductor industry.  Factors that contribute to these industry downturns include:

                  the cyclical nature of the demand for the products of semiconductor customers;

                  general reductions in inventory levels by customers;

                  excess production capacity;

                  general decline in end-user demand; and

                  accelerated declines in average selling prices.

Beginning in 2001, the semiconductor industry experienced a significant downturn.  At present and in the future when these or other similar conditions exist, there is likely to be an adverse effect on our operating results.

 

 

20



 

We may experience unexpected difficulties integrating the FPGA business which we recently purchased from Agere.

 

On January 18, 2002, we acquired the FPGA business of Agere Systems and are currently in the process of completing the integration this business with our operations.  If our integration is unsuccessful, more difficult or more time consuming than originally planned, we may incur unexpected disruptions to our ongoing business.  These disruptions could harm our operating results.  Further, the following specific factors may adversely affect our ability to integrate the FPGA business of Agere:

                  we may experience unexpected losses of key employees or customers;

                  we  may not achieve expected levels of revenue growth, cost reduction and profitability improvement;

                  we may not be able to coordinate our new product and process development in a way which permits us to bring future new products to the market in a timely manner;

                  we may experience unexpected costs and discover unexpected liabilities; and

                  we may experience difficulties or delays in conforming the standards, processes, procedures and controls of our two businesses.

 

In addition, as part of our acquisition, we entered into agreements with Agere to obtain certain manufacturing, intellectual property and transition support and services.  In the event that Agere fails to provide this support and service, or provides such support and service at a level of quality and timeliness inconsistent with the historical delivery of such support and service, our ability to integrate the FPGA business will be hampered and our operating results may be harmed.

We may be unsuccessful in defining, developing or selling new products required to maintain or expand our business.

 

As a semiconductor company, we operate in a dynamic environment marked by rapid product obsolescence.  Our future success depends on our ability to introduce new or improved products that meet customer needs while achieving acceptable margins.  If we fail to introduce these new products in a timely manner or these products fail to achieve market acceptance, our operating results would be harmed.

 

The introduction of new products in a dynamic market environment presents significant business challenges.  Product development commitments and expenditures must be made well in advance of product sales.  The market reception of new products depends on accurate projections of long-term customer demand, which by their nature are uncertain.

 

Our future revenue growth is dependent on market acceptance of our new product families and the continued market acceptance of our software development tools.  The success of these products is dependent on a variety of specific technical factors including:

 

21



 

                  successful product definition;

                  timely and efficient completion of product design;

                  timely and efficient implementation of wafer manufacturing and assembly processes;

                  product performance; and

                  the quality and reliability of the product.

 

If, due to these or other factors, our new products do not achieve market acceptance, our operating results would be harmed.

 

Our products may not be competitive if we are unsuccessful in migrating our manufacturing processes to more advanced technologies or alternative fabrication facilities.

 

To develop new products and maintain the competitiveness of existing products, we need to migrate to more advanced wafer manufacturing processes that use larger wafer sizes and smaller device geometries.  We also may need to use additional foundries.  Because we depend upon foundries to provide their facilities and support for our process technology development, we may experience delays in the availability of advanced wafer manufacturing process technologies at existing or new wafer fabrication facilities.  As a result, volume production of our advanced process technologies at the new fabs of Seiko Epson, UMC or future foundries may not be achieved.  This could harm our operating results.

 

In late 2001, UMC informed us that as part of an overall capacity rationalization they were planning to close certain of their fabrication facilities.  We were developing an advanced wafer manufacturing process at one of the UMC fabs that has been closed.  With UMC’s support, we have transferred this process to alternative UMC fabs. However, as a result, our new product introduction schedules were delayed.  This could harm our operating results.

 

Our marketable securities, which we hold for strategic reasons, are subject to equity price risk and their value may fluctuate.

 

Currently we hold substantial equity in UMC Corporation, which we acquired as part of a strategic investment to obtain certain manufacturing rights.  The market price and valuation of these equity shares has fluctuated widely due to market and other conditions over which we have little control.  During the year ended December 31, 2001, we recorded a $152.8 million pre-tax impairment loss related to this investment.  In the future, UMC shares may continue to experience significant price volatility. In the second quarter of 2002, we began selling a portion of our unrestricted UMC shares, but have otherwise not attempted to reduce or eliminate this equity price risk through hedging or similar techniques and hence substantial, sustained changes in the market price of UMC shares could impact our financial results.  To the extent that the market value of our UMC shares experiences a significant decline for an extended period of time, our net income could be reduced.

 

 

22



 

Our future quarterly operating results may fluctuate and therefore may fail to meet expectations.

 

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate.  Consequently, our operating results may fail to meet the expectations of analysts and investors.  As a result of industry conditions and the following specific factors, our quarterly operating results are more likely to fluctuate and are more difficult to predict than a typical non-technology company of our size and maturity:

                  general economic conditions in the countries where we sell our products;

                  conditions within the end markets into which we sell our products;

                  the cyclical nature of demand for our customers’ products;

                  excessive inventory accumulation by our end customers;

                  the timing of our and our competitors’ new product introductions;

                  product obsolescence;

                  the scheduling, rescheduling and cancellation of large orders by our customers;

                  our ability to develop new process technologies and achieve volume production at the new fabs of Seiko Epson, UMC or at other foundries;

                  changes in manufacturing yields;

                  adverse movements in exchange rates, interest rates or tax rates; and

                  the availability of adequate supply commitments from our wafer foundries and assembly and test subcontractors.

 

As a result of these factors, our past financial results are not necessarily a good predictor of our future results.

Our stock price may continue to experience large short-term fluctuations.

 

In recent years, the price of our common stock has fluctuated greatly.  These price fluctuations have been rapid and severe and have left investors little time to react.  The price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate greatly in the future due to a variety of company specific factors, including:

                  quarter-to-quarter variations in our operating results;

                  shortfalls in revenue or earnings from levels expected by securities analysts; and

                  announcements of technological innovations or new products by other companies.

 

 

23



 

Presently, our stock price is trading below our consolidated book value. A continued and sustained decline in our stock price may result in a write-off of Goodwill as required by SFAS 142.

 

Our wafer supply may be interrupted or reduced, which may result in a shortage of finished products available for sale.

 

We do not manufacture finished silicon wafers.  Currently, our silicon wafers are manufactured by Seiko Epson in Japan, UMC in Taiwan, Chartered Semiconductor in Singapore and Agere Systems in the United States.  If Seiko Epson, through its U.S. affiliate, Epson Electronics America, UMC or Chartered significantly interrupts or reduces our wafer supply, our operating results could be harmed.

 

In the past, we have experienced delays in obtaining wafers and in securing supply commitments from our foundries.  At present, we anticipate that our supply commitments are adequate.  However, these existing supply commitments may not be sufficient for us to satisfy customer demand in future periods.  Additionally, notwithstanding our supply commitments we may still have difficulty in obtaining wafer deliveries consistent with the supply commitments.  We negotiate wafer prices and supply commitments from our suppliers on at least an annual basis.  If any of Seiko Epson, Epson Electronics America, UMC or Chartered were to reduce its supply commitment or increase its wafer prices, and we cannot find alternative sources of wafer supply, our operating results could be harmed.

 

Many other factors that could disrupt our wafer supply are beyond our control.  Since worldwide manufacturing capacity for silicon wafers is limited and inelastic, we could be harmed by significant industry-wide increases in overall wafer demand or interruptions in wafer supply.  Additionally, a future disruption of Seiko Epson’s, UMC’s or Chartered’s foundry operations as a result of a fire, earthquake or other natural disaster could disrupt our wafer supply and could harm our operating results.

If our foundry partners experience quality or yield problems, we may face a shortage of finished products available for sale.

 

We depend on our foundries to deliver reliable silicon wafers with acceptable yields in a timely manner.  As is common in our industry, we have experienced wafer yield problems and delivery delays.  If our foundries are unable to produce silicon wafers that meet our specifications, with acceptable yields, for a prolonged period, our operating results could be harmed.

 

The majority of our revenue is derived from products based on a specialized silicon wafer manufacturing process technology called E²CMOS.  The reliable manufacture of high performance E²CMOS semiconductor wafers is a complicated and technically demanding process requiring:

                  a high degree of technical skill;

                  state-of-the-art equipment;

                  the absence of defects in the masks used to print circuits on a wafer;

 

24



 

                  the elimination of minute impurities and errors in each step of the fabrication process; and

                  effective cooperation between us and the wafer supplier.

 

As a result, our foundries may experience difficulties in achieving acceptable quality and yield levels when manufacturing our silicon wafers.

If our assembly and test subcontractors experience quality or yield problems, we may face a shortage of finished products available for sale.

 

We rely on subcontractors to assemble and test our devices with acceptable quality and yield levels.  As is common in our industry, we have experienced quality and yield problems in the past.  If we experience prolonged quality or yield problems in the future, our operating results could be harmed.

 

The majority of our revenue is derived from semiconductor devices assembled in advanced packages.  The assembly of advanced packages is a complex process requiring:

                  a high degree of technical skill;

                  state-of-the-art equipment;

                  the absence of defects in lead frames used to attach semiconductor devices to the package;

                  the elimination of raw material impurities and errors in each step of the process; and

                  effective cooperation between us and the assembly subcontractor.

 

As a result, our subcontractors may experience difficulties in achieving acceptable quality and yield levels when assembling and testing our semiconductor devices.

Deterioration of conditions in Asia may disrupt our existing supply arrangements and result in a shortage of finished products available for sale.

 

All three of our major silicon wafer suppliers operate fabs located in Asia.  Our finished silicon wafers are assembled and tested by independent subcontractors located in China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand.  A prolonged interruption in our supply from any of these subcontractors could harm our operating results.

 

Economic, financial, social and political conditions in Asia have historically been volatile.  Financial difficulties, governmental actions or restrictions, prolonged work stoppages or any other difficulties experienced by our suppliers may disrupt our supply and could harm our operating results.

 

 

25



 

Our wafer purchases from Seiko Epson are denominated in Japanese yen.  The value of the dollar with respect to the yen fluctuates.  Substantial deterioration of dollar-yen exchange rates could harm our operating results.

Export sales account for a substantial portion of our revenues and may decline in the future due to economic and governmental uncertainties.

 

Our export sales are affected by unique risks frequently associated with foreign economies including:

                  changes in local economic conditions;

                  exchange rate volatility;

                  governmental controls and trade restrictions;

                  export license requirements and restrictions on the export of technology;

                  political instability or terrorism;

                  changes in tax rates, tariffs or freight rates;

                  interruptions in air transportation; and

                  difficulties in staffing and managing foreign sales offices.

 

For example, our export sales have historically been affected by regional economic crises.  Significant changes in the economic climate in the foreign countries where we derive our export sales could harm our operating results.

We may not be able to successfully compete in the highly competitive semiconductor industry.

 

The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and many of our direct and indirect competitors have substantially greater financial, technological, manufacturing, marketing and sales resources.  If we are unable to compete successfully in this environment, our future results will be adversely affected.

 

The current level of competition in the programmable logic market is high and may increase as our market expands.  We currently compete directly with companies that have licensed our products and technology or have developed similar products.  We also compete indirectly with numerous semiconductor companies that offer products and solutions based on alternative technologies.  These direct and indirect competitors are established multinational semiconductor companies as well as emerging companies.  We also may experience significant competition from foreign companies in the future.

 

 

26



 

We may fail to retain or attract the specialized technical and management personnel required to successfully operate our business.

 

To a greater degree than most non-technology companies or larger technology companies, our future success depends on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical and management personnel.  As a mid-sized company, we are particularly dependent on a relatively small group of key employees.  Competition for skilled technical and management employees is intense within our industry.  As a result, we may not be able to retain our existing key technical and management personnel.  In addition, we may not be able to attract additional qualified employees in the future.  If we are unable to retain existing key employees or are unable to hire new qualified employees, our operating results could be adversely affected.

If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, our financial results and competitive position may suffer.

 

Our success depends in part on our proprietary technology.  However, we may fail to adequately protect this technology.  As a result, we may lose our competitive position or face significant expense to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights.

 

We intend to continue to protect our proprietary technology through patents, copyrights and trade secrets.  Despite this intention, we may not be successful in achieving adequate protection.  Claims allowed on any of our patents may not be sufficiently broad to protect our technology.  Patents issued to us also may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented.  Finally, our competitors may develop similar technology independently.

 

Companies in the semiconductor industry vigorously pursue their intellectual property rights.  If we become involved in protracted intellectual property disputes or litigation we may utilize substantial financial and management resources, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results.

 

We may also be subject to future intellectual property claims or judgments.  If these were to occur, we may not be able to obtain a license on favorable terms or without our operating results being adversely affected.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements

 

In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS 144, “Accounting for the Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” which supersedes SFAS 121, “Accounting for the Impairment Of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of.” SFAS 144 retains the fundamental provisions of SFAS 121 regarding the recognition and measurement of the impairment of long-lived assets to be held and used and the measurement of long-lived assets to be disposed by sale, but provides additional definition and measurement criteria for determining when an impairment has occurred. Goodwill and financial instruments are excluded from the scope of SFAS 144, however amortizable intangible assets fall within its scope. The adoption of this statement in the first quarter of 2002 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which supersedes APB Opinion No. 17, “Intangible Assets.” SFAS 142, among other things, establishes new standards

 

 

27



 

for intangible assets acquired in a business combination, eliminates amortization of goodwill and sets forth requirements to periodically evaluate goodwill for impairment. We adopted this statement during the first quarter of 2002 and thus goodwill and certain intangibles with indefinite lives are no longer being amortized. Accordingly, approximately $8 million of previous quarterly amortization is no longer being recorded. We have completed an initial goodwill impairment assessment as of January 1, 2002 to determine if a transition impairment charge should be recognized under SFAS 142. Upon assessment, no transition impairment charge was recorded.

 

The following table presents the impact of SFAS 142 on our net income and our net income per share had the new standard been in effect for the six months ended June 30, 2001, the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and the nine months ended December 31, 1999:

 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

 

 

Six months ended

 

Year ended

 

Nine months ended

 

 

 

June 30, 2002

 

June 30, 2001

 

Dec. 31, 2001

 

Dec. 31, 2000

 

Dec. 31, 1999

 

Net (loss) income-as reported

 

$

(33,764

)

$

7,599

 

$

(109,519

)

$

167,887

 

$

(48,146

)

Adjustments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amortization of goodwill

 

 

16,263

 

32,949

 

30,997

 

18,222

 

Income tax effect

 

 

(6,025

)

(12,206

)

(11,140

)

(6,848

)

Net adjustments

 

 

10,238

 

20,743

 

19,857

 

11,374

 

Net (loss) income- as adjusted

 

$

(33,764

)

$

17,837

 

$

(88,776

)

$

187,744

 

$

(36,772

)

Basic net (loss) income per share - as reported

 

$

(.31

)

$

.07

 

$

(1.01

)

$

1.65

 

$

(.50

)

Basic net (loss) income per share - adjusted

 

$

(.31

)

$

.16

 

$

(.82

)

$

1.85

 

$

(.39

)

Diluted net (loss) income per share - as reported

 

$

(.31

)

$

.07

 

$

(1.01

)

$

1.47

 

$

(.50

)

Diluted net (loss) income per share - adjusted

 

$

(.31

)

$

.16

 

$

(.82

)

$

1.64

 

$

(.39

)

 

 

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The following tables present details of the Company’s total purchased intangible assets (in millions):

 

June 30, 2002

 

Gross

 

Accumulated amortization

 

Net

 

Current technology

 

$

273.6

 

$

(133.6

)

$

140.0

 

Customer list

 

17.4

 

(10.6

)

6.8

 

Licenses

 

10.2

 

(0.7

)

9.5

 

Non-compete agreements

 

13.8

 

(2.1

)

11.7

 

Patents and trademarks

 

26.8

 

(16.3

)

10.5

 

Total

 

$

341.8

 

$

(163.3

)

$

178.5

 

 

 

December 31, 2001

 

Gross

 

Accumulated amortization

 

Net

 

Current technology

 

$

210.2

 

$

(106.8

)

$

103.4

 

Customer list

 

17.4

 

(8.9

)

8.5

 

Patents and trademarks

 

26.8

 

(13.6

)

13.2

 

Total

 

$

254.4

 

$

(129.3

)

$

125.1

 

 

 

The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets as of June 30, 2002 is as follows (in millions):

 

Fiscal Year:

 

Amount

 

2002 (remaining six months)

 

$

34.6

 

2003

 

68.9

 

2004

 

41.3

 

2005

 

11.8

 

2006

 

8.2

 

2007

 

8.2

 

Later years

 

5.5

 

 

 

$

178.5

 

 

 

The estimated future amortization expense of deferred stock compensation attributable to Research and Development activities as of June 30, 2002 is approximately $1.2 million for the remaining six months of 2002, $2.5 million annually for 2003 and 2004, and $2.0 million for 2005.

 

In May 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 145, “Rescission of FAS Nos. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FAS 13, and Technical Corrections.” Among other things, SFAS 145 rescinds various pronouncements regarding early extinguishment of debt and allows extraordinary accounting

 

 

29



 

treatment for early extinguishment only when the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, “Reporting the Results of Operations — Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions” are met. SFAS 145 provisions regarding early extinguishment of debt are generally effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002. Management adopted this pronouncement during the second quarter of 2002.

 

During this quarter, we extinguished $9.25 million face value of our 4¾% convertible notes for approximately $8.0 million in cash, including accrued interest. We recognized a gain of approximately of $1.2 million in conjunction with this transaction. As specified in SFAS 145, this gain was recorded in “Other Income, net” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

 

In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities” (SFAS 146). SFAS 146 requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. SFAS 146 eliminates the definition and requirement for recognition of exit costs in Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 94-3 where a liability for an exit cost was recognized at the date of an entity’s commitment to an exit plan. This statement is effective for exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. We do not believe that the adoption of this statement will have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

Item 7(a) Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

As of June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001 our investment portfolio consisted of fixed income securities of $297.1 million and $508.2 million, respectively. As with all fixed income instruments, these securities are subject to interest rate risk and will decline in value if market interest rates increase. If market rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels as of June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001, the decline in the fair value of our portfolio would not be material. Further, we have the ability to hold our fixed income investments until maturity and, therefore, we would not expect to recognize such an adverse impact on our income or cash flows.

 

We have international subsidiary and branch operations. Additionally, a portion of our silicon wafer purchases are denominated in Japanese yen. We therefore are subject to foreign currency rate exposure. To mitigate rate exposure with respect to our yen-denominated wafer purchases, we maintain yen-denominated bank accounts and bill our Japanese customers in yen. If the foreign currency rates were to fluctuate by 10% from rates at June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001, the effect on our consolidated financial statements would not be material. However, there can be no assurance that there will not be a material impact in the future.

 

We are exposed to equity price risk due to our equity investment in UMC (see Note 10). Neither a 10% increase nor a 10% decrease in equity price related to this investment would have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. In the second quarter of 2002 we began to sell a portion of our unrestricted UMC shares but have not otherwise attempted to reduce or eliminate this equity price risk through hedging or similar techniques and hence substantial, sustained changes in the market price of UMC shares could impact our financial position and results.  To the extent that

 

 

30



 

the market value of our UMC shares experiences a significant decline for an extended period of time, our net income could be reduced.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As of June 30, 2002, our principal source of liquidity was $308.2 million of cash and short-term investments, a decrease from the balance of $531.6 million at December 31, 2001. Working capital decreased to $432.1 million at June 30, 2002 from $617.2 million at December 31, 2001. These decreases were primarily due to cash used for the acquisition of the FPGA business of Agere on January 18, 2002.  During the first six months of 2002, we generated approximately $35.5 million of cash and cash equivalents from our operating activities compared with $13.3 million during the first six months of 2001. This increase in cash generation was driven primarily by the receipt of federal tax refunds due to the carryback of 2001 net operating losses and overpayment of 2001 estimated taxes. These refunds more than offset reduced receipts from end customers and distributors in conjunction with lower revenue levels as a result of the significant downturn in the semiconductor and PLD markets, as well as reduced cash flow from stock option exercises.

 

Accounts receivable at June 30, 2002 increased by $9.2 million, or 47%, as compared to the balance at December 31, 2001. This increase was primarily due to increased billings and revenue and the timing of billings and payments during the quarter as compared to the fourth quarter of 2001. Other current assets increased by approximately $33.4 million, or 116%, as compared to the balance at December 31, 2001. This increase is due primarily to the reclassification of $45 million of our unrestricted UMC shares to current, representing the carrying value of those shares which management expects to sell within the next twelve months. This increase more than offsets a reduction in other current assets due to the collection of federal tax refunds. Foundry investments, advances and other assets decreased by $73.4 million, or 45%. This was due primarily to the $45 million reclassification to other current assets discussed above. Additionally, during the first six months of 2002 we recorded a $9.5 million adjustment ($6.8 million net of tax), reflecting the decline in market value of our unrestricted UMC shares. Finally, during the second quarter of 2002, we sold approximately 7.6 million of our unrestricted UMC shares at a gain of $4.0 million.

 

Net intangible assets increased by $53.5 million, or 43% as compared to the balance at December 31, 2001, primarily due to intangible assets recorded in conjunction with the acquisition of Agere FPGA (see Note 4). These additions were partially offset by amortization expense of $36.5 million, including $1.2 million of deferred compensation expense. Goodwill increased by $142.1 million, or 175% as compared to the balance at December 31, 2001. This increase is due to goodwill recorded in conjunction with the acquisition of Agere FPGA (see Note 4). Beginning in 2002, goodwill is no longer amortized (see Note 8). The increase in non-current deferred income taxes of $14.5 million, or 22%, at June 30, 2002 as compared to December 31, 2001 is due primarily to the recognition in the first quarter of 2002 of $24.2 million of in-process research and development related to the acquisition of Agere FPGA (see Note 4) for financial statement purposes, but which is amortized over fifteen years for income tax purposes. The increase in non-current deferred taxes is, to a lesser extent, also due to intangible asset amortization.

 

On October 28, 1999, we issued $260 million in 4 ¾ % convertible subordinated notes due on November 1, 2006. These notes require that we pay interest semi-annually on May 1 and November 1.

 

 

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Holders of these notes may convert them into shares of our common stock at any time on or before November 1, 2006, at a conversion price of $20.72 per share, subject to adjustment in certain events. Beginning on November 6, 2002 and ending on October 31, 2003, we may redeem the notes in whole or in part at a redemption price of 102.71% of the principal amount. In the subsequent three twelve-month periods, the redemption price declines to 102.04%, 101.36% and 100.68% of principal, respectively. The notes are subordinated in right of payment to all of our senior indebtedness, and are subordinated to all liabilities of our subsidiaries. The balance of these convertible notes decreased by $9.3 million as compared to the balance at December 31, 2001. During the second quarter of 2002, we extinguished this amount of notes with a corresponding gain of approximately $1.2 million.

 

At June 30, 2002, we had no senior indebtedness and our subsidiaries had $2.6 million of other liabilities. Issuance costs of approximately $6.9 million relative to the convertible subordinated notes are included in Other Assets and are being amortized to expense over the life of the notes. Accumulated amortization amounted to approximately $4.3 million at June 30, 2002.

 

We do not have any financial partnerships with unconsolidated entities, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which are often established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Accordingly, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had such relationships.

 

Capital expenditures were approximately $10.2 million for the first six months of 2002. We expect to spend approximately $15 million to $20 million for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2002.

 

We currently own approximately 77 million shares of UMC common stock. Restrictions by UMC and the Taiwan government apply to approximately 30% of these shares. If we liquidate our UMC shares, it is likely that the amount of any future realized gain or loss will be different from the accounting gain or loss reported in prior periods.

 

In December 2000, our Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to five million shares of our common stock. As of June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001, we had repurchased 1,136,000 shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $20.0 million. In addition, through the retirement of $9.3 million of convertible notes during the second quarter of 2002, the number of shares subject to issuance under the Convertible Note agreement is reduced by approximately 446,000 shares.

 

In March 1997 and as subsequently amended in January 2002, we entered into an advance payment production agreement with Seiko Epson and Epson Electronics America, Inc.  (“EEA”) under which we agreed to advance approximately $69 million, payable upon completion of specific milestones, to Seiko Epson to finance construction of an eight-inch sub-micron semiconductor wafer manufacturing facility.  Under the terms of the agreement, the advance is to be repaid with semiconductor wafers over a multi-year period.  No interest income is recorded.  The agreement calls for wafers to be supplied by Seiko Epson through EEA pursuant to purchase agreements with EEA. Payments of approximately $51.2 million have been made under this agreement. Approximately $3.7 million of these advances are expected to be repaid with semiconductor wafers during the next twelve months and are thus reflected as part of “Other current assets” in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

 

32



 

We may in the future seek new or additional sources of funding. In addition, in order to secure additional wafer supply, we may from time to time consider various financial arrangements including joint ventures, equity investments, advance purchase payments, loans, or similar arrangements with independent wafer manufacturers in exchange for committed wafer capacity. To the extent that we pursue any such additional financing arrangements, additional debt or equity financing may be required. There can be no assurance that such additional financing will be available when needed or, if available, will be on favorable terms. Any future equity financing will decrease existing stockholders’ equity percentage ownership and may, depending on the price at which the equity is sold, result in dilution.

 

 

33



 

 

PART II.   OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

 

a)              The annual meeting of stockholders was held on May 7, 2002.

b)             The following directors were elected at the meeting to serve

a term of three years:

 

                                                                Harry A. Merlo

                                                                Larry W. Sonsini

 

                                The following directors are continuing to serve their terms:

 

                                                                Daniel S. Hauer

                                                                Soo Boon Koh

                                                                Mark O. Hatfield

                                                                Cyrus Y. Tsui

 

c)              The matters voted upon at the meeting and results of the voting with respect to those matters are as follows:

 

 

 

For

 

Withheld

(1) Election of director:

 

 

 

 

Harry A. Merlo

 

100,487,932

 

859,658

Larry W. Sonsini

 

66,743,111

 

34,604,479

 

 

 

For

 

Against

 

Abstain

 

Not Voted

(2) Approval of amendment to 1990 Employee Stock Plan

 

100,643,263

 

420,215

 

284,112

 

8,288,064

(3) Ratification of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Company’s independent public accountant for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2002

 

99,724,194

 

1,576,526

 

46,868

 

8,288,066

 

The foregoing matters are described in further detail in our definitive proxy statement dated April 4, 2002 for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 7, 2002.

 

 

34



 

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Non-Audit Fees:

 

The Audit Committee of the Board Of Directors has approved the following non-audit services which are being performed by PricewaterhouseCoopers, our independent accountants, during the calendar year ending December 31, 2002:

 

                  Income tax advisory services related to: income tax returns; acquisitions; and formation and liquidation of foreign subsidiaries; and

                  Expatriate income tax preparation services

 

 

 

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

 

(a)                                  Exhibits

 

99.1         Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350. as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

(b)                                 Reports on Form 8-K

 

On April 2, 2002 we filed an amended Current Report on Form 8-K/A regarding our acquisition of the FPGA business of Agere Systems Inc. completed on January 18, 2002.

 

 

35



 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (Registrant)

 

Date: August 12, 2002

 

 

 

By:

 

/s/ Stephen A. Skaggs

 

 

Stephen A. Skaggs

 

 

Senior Vice President Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary