SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One) | |
ý |
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2005 |
|
OR |
|
o |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to |
Commission File No. 1-12644
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New York (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
13-3261323 (I.R.S. employer identification no.) |
350 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022
(Address of principal executive offices)
(212) 826-0100
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
At May 10, 2005, there were 33,263,259 outstanding shares of Common Stock of the registrant (excludes 254,736 shares of treasury stock).
|
|
PAGE |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||
Item 1. |
Financial Statements. |
|||
Condensed Unaudited Financial Statements | ||||
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. and Subsidiaries | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income | 2 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity | 3 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4 | |||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5 | |||
Item 2. |
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
15 |
||
Item 3. |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
30 |
||
Item 4. |
Controls and Procedures |
30 |
||
PART II |
OTHER INFORMATION |
|||
Item 6. |
Exhibits |
31 |
||
SIGNATURES |
32 |
Item 1. Financial Statements.
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASSETS | |||||||||
Bonds at fair value (amortized cost of $3,745,145 and $3,662,584) | $ | 3,940,582 | $ | 3,914,763 | |||||
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $54,300 and $54,300) | 54,300 | 54,300 | |||||||
Short-term investments | 188,113 | 321,071 | |||||||
Variable interest entities' bonds at fair value (amortized cost of $1,296,208 and $1,346,109) | 1,296,020 | 1,346,355 | |||||||
Variable interest entities' short-term investment portfolio | 49,763 | 1,194 | |||||||
Financial products bond portfolio at fair value (amortized cost of $9,409,471 and $7,914,471) | 9,444,941 | 7,925,072 | |||||||
Financial products bond portfolio pledged as collateral at fair value (amortized cost of $5,908) | | 5,913 | |||||||
Financial products short-term investment portfolio | 744,762 | 268,125 | |||||||
Total investment portfolio | 15,718,481 | 13,836,793 | |||||||
Assets acquired in refinancing transactions: | |||||||||
Bonds at fair value (amortized cost of $110,746 and $151,895) | 110,308 | 157,036 | |||||||
Securitized loans | 348,973 | 371,092 | |||||||
Other | 207,431 | 224,908 | |||||||
Total assets acquired in refinancing transactions | 666,712 | 753,036 | |||||||
Cash | 40,824 | 14,353 | |||||||
Deferred acquisition costs | 319,117 | 308,015 | |||||||
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | 773,352 | 759,191 | |||||||
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate | 51,381 | 49,645 | |||||||
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses | 35,080 | 35,419 | |||||||
Other assets | 1,325,288 | 1,324,355 | |||||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 18,930,235 | $ | 17,080,807 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND MINORITY INTEREST AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||||
Deferred premium revenue | $ | 2,124,205 | $ | 2,095,423 | |||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | 183,020 | 179,941 | |||||||
Guaranteed investment contracts and variable interest entities' debt | 12,225,173 | 10,734,357 | |||||||
Deferred federal income taxes | 212,447 | 216,619 | |||||||
Notes payable | 430,000 | 430,000 | |||||||
Accrued expenses, minority interest and other liabilities | 1,168,660 | 874,510 | |||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MINORITY INTEREST | 16,343,505 | 14,530,850 | |||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | |||||||||
Common stock (200,000,000 shares authorized; 33,517,995 issued; par value of $.01 per share) | 335 | 335 | |||||||
Additional paid-in capitalcommon | 899,912 | 900,215 | |||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of deferred income taxes of $80,645 and $91,926) | 152,490 | 177,796 | |||||||
Accumulated earnings | 1,533,993 | 1,471,611 | |||||||
Deferred equity compensation | 20,177 | 23,528 | |||||||
Less treasury stock at cost (254,736 and 297,276 shares held) | (20,177 | ) | (23,528 | ) | |||||
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | 2,586,730 | 2,549,957 | |||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MINORITY INTEREST AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |
$ | 18,930,235 | $ | 17,080,807 | |||||
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these statements.
1
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||
REVENUES: | ||||||||||
Net premiums written | $ | 109,502 | $ | 116,494 | ||||||
Net premiums earned | $ | 94,881 | $ | 92,210 | ||||||
Net investment income | 49,446 | 41,077 | ||||||||
Net realized gains (losses) | (1,095 | ) | 495 | |||||||
Net interest income from financial products and variable interest entities | 78,512 | 41,024 | ||||||||
Financial products net realized gains | 91 | 119 | ||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments | (2,024 | ) | 13,039 | |||||||
Income from assets acquired in refinancing transactions | 7,017 | 201 | ||||||||
Net realized gains from assets acquired in refinancing transactions | 5,433 | | ||||||||
Other income | 5,158 | 7,357 | ||||||||
TOTAL REVENUES | 237,419 | 195,522 | ||||||||
EXPENSES: | ||||||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | 3,984 | 7,700 | ||||||||
Interest expense | 6,788 | 6,748 | ||||||||
Policy acquisition costs | 15,408 | 14,798 | ||||||||
Net interest expense from financial products and variable interest entities | 77,018 | 34,646 | ||||||||
Other operating expenses | 26,708 | 21,813 | ||||||||
TOTAL EXPENSES | 129,906 | 85,705 | ||||||||
Minority interest | (2,404 | ) | (4,603 | ) | ||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | 1,736 | 4,886 | ||||||||
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 106,845 | 110,100 | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 26,699 | 26,053 | ||||||||
NET INCOME | 80,146 | 84,047 | ||||||||
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX: | ||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities: | ||||||||||
Holding gains (losses) arising during period | (22,489 | ) | 27,189 | |||||||
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income | 2,817 | 497 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (25,306 | ) | 26,692 | |||||||
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $ | 54,840 | $ | 110,739 | ||||||
The
accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these statements.
2
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
|
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Other Comp- rehensive Income |
Accumulated Earnings |
Deferred Equity Compen- sation |
Treasury Stock |
Total |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BALANCE, December 31, 2004 | $ | 335 | $ | 900,215 | $ | 177,796 | $ | 1,471,611 | $ | 23,528 | $ | (23,528 | ) | $ | 2,549,957 | |||||||
Net income |
|
|
|
80,146 |
|
|
80,146 |
|||||||||||||||
Capital issuance costs |
|
(303 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(303 |
) |
|||||||||||||
Net unrealized losses on investments, net of tax |
|
|
(25,306 |
) |
|
|
|
(25,306 |
) |
|||||||||||||
Purchase of common stock |
|
|
|
|
(3,351 |
) |
3,351 |
|
||||||||||||||
Dividends paid on common stock |
|
|
|
(17,764 |
) |
|
|
(17,764 |
) |
|||||||||||||
BALANCE, March 31, 2005 |
$ |
335 |
$ |
899,912 |
$ |
152,490 |
$ |
1,533,993 |
$ |
20,177 |
$ |
(20,177 |
) |
$ |
2,586,730 |
|||||||
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these statements.
3
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||
Premiums received, net | $ | 93,612 | $ | 97,610 | |||||
Policy acquisition and other operating expenses paid, net | (146,314 | ) | (117,930 | ) | |||||
Recoverable advances recovered (paid) | 13 | (325 | ) | ||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses reimbursed (paid), net | 676 | (1,091 | ) | ||||||
Net investment income received | 50,215 | 42,992 | |||||||
Federal income taxes paid | (10,702 | ) | (7,643 | ) | |||||
Interest paid on notes | (6,667 | ) | (6,877 | ) | |||||
Interest paid on guaranteed investment contracts | (43,801 | ) | (2,146 | ) | |||||
Interest received on guaranteed investment contracts portfolio | 58,569 | 11,625 | |||||||
Variable interest entities' net interest paid | (10,722 | ) | (7,312 | ) | |||||
Variable interest entities' net interest income received | 7,331 | 9,818 | |||||||
Income received from refinanced assets | 9,133 | 4,673 | |||||||
Other | 5,897 | 2,354 | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 7,240 | 25,748 | |||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||
Proceeds from sales and maturities of bonds | 252,379 | 168,592 | |||||||
Purchases of bonds | (326,521 | ) | (219,680 | ) | |||||
Net decrease in short-term investments | 132,958 | 31,608 | |||||||
Proceeds from sales and maturities of guaranteed investment contract bonds | 1,055,831 | 359,269 | |||||||
Purchases of guaranteed investment contract bonds | (2,246,326 | ) | (946,278 | ) | |||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | | 175,000 | |||||||
Net increase in guaranteed investment contract short-term investments | (476,636 | ) | (29,145 | ) | |||||
Maturities of variable interest entities' bonds | 49,095 | | |||||||
Net increase in variable interest entities' short-term investments | (48,569 | ) | (4,055 | ) | |||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (8,785 | ) | (557 | ) | |||||
Paydowns of assets acquired through refinancing transactions | 22,143 | 13,730 | |||||||
Proceeds from sales of assets acquired through refinancing transactions | 65,184 | | |||||||
Other investments | (2,658 | ) | 1,723 | ||||||
Net cash used for investing activities | (1,531,905 | ) | (449,793 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||
Dividends paid | (17,764 | ) | | ||||||
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | (5,656 | ) | (14,822 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from issuance of guaranteed investment contracts | 2,488,172 | 943,848 | |||||||
Repayment of guaranteed investment contracts | (911,813 | ) | (510,241 | ) | |||||
Repayment of variable interest entities' debt | (1,500 | ) | | ||||||
Capital issuance costs | (303 | ) | (261 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,551,136 | 418,524 | |||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash | 26,471 | (5,521 | ) | ||||||
Cash at beginning of year | 14,353 | 19,460 | |||||||
Cash at end of period | $ | 40,824 | $ | 13,939 | |||||
The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
are an integral part of these statements.
4
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND OWNERSHIP
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. (together with its consolidated entities, the "Company") is a holding company incorporated in the State of New York. Its primary insurance company subsidiary is Financial Security Assurance Inc. ("FSA"). The Company is primarily engaged through its insurance company subsidiaries, in providing financial guaranty insurance on asset-backed and municipal obligations. The Company also insures synthetic asset-backed obligations that generally take the form of credit default swap ("CDS") obligations or credit-linked notes that reference pools of securities or loans, with a defined deductible to cover credit risks associated with the referenced securities or loans. Financial guaranty insurance written by the Company guarantees scheduled payments on an issuer's obligation. In the case of a payment default on an insured obligation, the Company is generally required to pay the principal, interest or other amounts due in accordance with the obligation's original payment schedule or, at its option, to pay such amounts on an accelerated basis. The Company also offers guaranteed investment contracts ("GICs") through wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "GIC Subsidiaries").
The Company is a direct subsidiary of Dexia Holdings, Inc. ("DHI"), which in turn is owned 90% by Dexia Credit Local and 10% by Dexia S.A. ("Dexia"), a publicly held Belgian corporation.
The Company consolidates the results of certain variable interest entities ("VIEs"), including FSA Global Funding Limited ("FSA Global"), Premier International Funding Co. ("Premier") and Canadian Global Funding Corporation ("Canadian Global"). The majority of Canadian Global's assets were liquidated and its liabilities satisfied during the third quarter of 2004. The Company refinanced certain defaulted transactions by employing refinancing vehicles to raise funds for the refinancings. These refinancing vehicles are also consolidated. The Company's management believes that the assets held by FSA Global, Premier and the refinancing vehicles, including those that are eliminated in consolidation, are beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership.
2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and, accordingly, do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) but, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at March 31, 2005 and for all periods presented, have been made. The December 31, 2004 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The results of operations for the periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. Certain prior-year balances have been reclassified to conform to the 2005 presentation.
3. LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The Company establishes loss liabilities based on its estimate of specific and non-specific losses. The Company also establishes liabilities for loss adjustment expenses ("LAE"), consisting of the
5
estimated cost of settling claims, including legal and other fees and expenses associated with administering the claims process.
The Company calculates a loss and LAE liability based upon identified risks inherent in its entire insured portfolio. If an individual policy risk has a probable loss as of the balance sheet date, a case reserve is established. For the remaining policy risks in the portfolio, a non-specific reserve is established to account for the inherent credit losses that can be statistically estimated.
Case reserves for financial guaranty insurance companies differ from those for traditional property and casualty insurance companies. The primary difference is that traditional property and casualty case reserves include only claims that have been incurred and reported to the insurance company. In a traditional property and casualty company, claims are incurred when defined events occur, such as an auto accident, home fire or storm. Unlike traditional property and casualty claims, financial guaranty losses arise from the extension of credit protection and occur as a result of credit deterioration of the issuer of the insured obligations over the life of the insured obligations. Such deterioration and ultimate loss amounts can be projected based on historical experience in order to estimate probable loss, if any. Accordingly, specific loss events that require case reserves include (1) policies under which claim payments have been made and additional claim payments are expected and (2) policies under which claim payments are probable and reasonably estimated, but have not yet been made.
The Company establishes a case reserve for the present value of the estimated loss, net of subrogation recoveries, when, in management's opinion, the likelihood of a future loss on a particular insured obligation is probable and reasonably estimated at the balance sheet date. When an insured obligation has met the criteria for establishing a case reserve and that transaction pays a premium in installments, those premiums, if expected to be received prospectively, are considered a form of recovery and are no longer earned as premium revenue. A case reserve is determined using cash flow or similar models that represent the Company's estimate of the net present value of the anticipated shortfall between (i) scheduled payments on the insured obligation plus anticipated loss adjustment expenses and (ii) anticipated cash flow from and proceeds to be received on sales of any collateral supporting the obligation and other anticipated recoveries. The estimated loss, net of recovery, on a transaction is discounted using the risk-free rate appropriate for the term of the insured obligation at the time the reserve is established and is not subsequently adjusted.
The Company records a non-specific reserve to reflect the credit risks inherent in its portfolio. The non-specific reserve in addition to case reserves represent the Company's estimate of total reserves. Generally, when an insured credit deteriorates to a point where claims are expected, a case reserve is established. The establishment of a non-specific reserve for credits that have not yet defaulted is a common practice in the financial guaranty industry, although the Company acknowledges that there may be differences in the specific methodologies applied by other financial guarantors in establishing and measuring these reserves.
The Company establishes a non-specific reserve on its entire portfolio of credits because management believes that a portfolio of insured obligations will deteriorate over its life and that the existence of inherent loss can be proven statistically by data such as rating agency publications. The establishment of the reserve is a systematic process that considers this quantitative, statistical information obtained primarily from Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") and Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("S&P"), together with qualitative factors such as overall credit quality trends resulting from economic and political conditions, recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio and changes in underwriting policies and procedures. The factors used to establish the
6
non-specific reserve are evaluated periodically by comparing the statistically computed loss amount to the incurred losses as represented by case reserve activity to develop an experience factor, which is updated and applied to future originations. The process results in management's best estimate of inherent losses associated with providing credit protection at each balance sheet date.
The non-specific reserve amount established considers all levels of protection (e.g. reinsurance and overcollateralization). Net par outstanding for policies originated in the current period is multiplied by loss frequency and severity factors, with the resulting amounts discounted at the risk-free rates using the treasury yield curve (the "statistical calculation"). The discount rate does not change and is used to accrete the loss for the life of each policy. The loss factors used for the calculation are the product of default frequency rates obtained from Moody's and severity factors obtained from S&P. Moody's is chosen due to its credibility, large population, statistical format and reliability of future update. The Moody's default information is applied to all credit sectors or asset classes as described below. In its publication of default rates from 1970-2003, Moody's tracks bonds over a twenty-year horizon by credit rating at time of issuance. For the purpose of establishing appropriate severity factors, the Company's methodology segregates the portfolio into asset classes, including health care transactions, all other municipal transactions, pooled corporate transactions, commercial real estate, and all other asset-backed transactions. The severity factors are derived from capital charge assessments provided by S&P. S&P capital charges project loss levels by asset class and are incorporated into their capital adequacy stress scenario analysis.
The product of the current-year statistical calculation multiplied by the current-year experience factor represents the present value of loss amounts calculated for current-year originations. The experience factor is based on the Company's inception-to-date historical losses (starting from 1993, when the Company established the non-specific reserve methodology). The experience factor is calculated by dividing cumulative inception-to-date actual losses incurred by the Company by the cumulative inception-to-date losses determined by the statistical calculation. The experience factor that applies to the whole portfolio is reviewed and, where appropriate, updated periodically, but no less than annually.
The present value of loss amounts calculated for current-year originations is established at inception of the policy and there is no subsequent change unless significant adverse or favorable loss experience is observed. In the event that the experience factor is either increased or decreased based on adverse or favorable loss experience, an analysis is performed of the non-specific reserve balance with particular emphasis on the asset class, if any, driving the experience factor adjustment. The objective of such analysis is to quantify the appropriate adjustment to the overall non-specific reserve balance for the change in experience. The adjustment that increases or decreases the non-specific reserve is charged or credited to loss expense.
The present value of loss amounts calculated for current-year originations plus an amount representing the accretion of discount pertaining to prior-year originations are charged to loss expense, and increase the non-specific reserve after adjustments that may be made to reflect observed favorable or adverse experience. The entire non-specific reserve is available to absorb probable losses inherent in the portfolio. As there are no specific losses provided in the non-specific reserve, there is no identifiable reinsurance recoverable. At the time that a case reserve is identified, the gross loss liability is recognized along with the reinsurance recoverable, if any. The amount of reinsurance recoverable depends on the policy ceded and the reinsurance agreements covering such policy. Management cannot
7
predict the specific policies that will emerge as case basis losses from the portfolio and is not entitled to recovery from the reinsurer in advance of producing a case reserve.
Since the non-specific reserve contains the inherent losses of the portfolio, when a case reserve adjustment is deemed appropriate, whether the result of adverse or positive credit developments, accretion or the addition of a new case reserve, a full transfer is made between the non-specific reserve and the case reserve balances with no effect to income. The adequacy of the non-specific reserve balance is reviewed periodically and at least annually based on a review of the Company's inception-to-date cumulative case based losses divided by the total inception-to-date cumulative net par underwritten. This inception-to-date result is compared with the product of the non-specific reserves divided by the net par outstanding as of the balance sheet date. In the event that such ratios are not in line, further analysis is performed to quantify appropriate adjustments that may be either income statement charges or benefits.
The table below presents the significant assumptions inherent in the calculations of the case and non-specific reserves.
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Case reserve discount rate | 3.13%5.90% | 3.13%5.90% | ||
Non-specific reserve discount rate | 1.20%7.95% | 1.20%7.95% | ||
Current experience factor | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Reserving Methodology Industry Practice
Management is aware that there are differences regarding the method of defining and measuring both case reserves and non-specific reserves among participants in the financial guaranty industry. Other financial guarantors may establish case reserves only after a default and use different techniques to estimate probable loss. Other financial guarantors may establish the equivalent of non-specific reserves, but refer to these reserves by various terms such as, but not limited to, "unallocated losses," "active credit reserves" and "portfolio reserves," or may use different statistical techniques from those used by the Company to determine loss at a given point in time.
Management believes that existing accounting literature does not address the unique attributes of financial guaranty insurance. As an insurance enterprise, the Company initially refers to the accounting and financial reporting guidance in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 60, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises" ("SFAS 60"). In establishing loss liabilities, the Company relies principally on SFAS 60, which prescribes differing treatment depending on whether a contract is a short-duration contract or a long-duration contract. Financial guaranty insurance does not fall clearly within the definition of either short-duration or long-duration contracts. Therefore, the Company does not believe that SFAS 60 alone provides sufficient guidance for financial guaranty claim liability recognition.
As a result, the Company also analogizes to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, "Accounting for Contingencies" ("SFAS 5"), which requires the establishment of liabilities when a loss is both probable and estimable. The Company also relies by analogy on Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 85-20, "Recognition of fees for guaranteeing a loan" ("EITF 85-20"), which provides general guidance on the recognition of losses related to guaranteeing a loan. In the absence of a comprehensive accounting model provided by SFAS 60, industry participants, including the Company, have looked to such other guidance referred to above to develop their accounting policies for the establishment and measurement of loss liabilities. The Company believes that its financial guaranty loss
8
reserve policy is appropriate under the applicable accounting literature, and that it best reflects the fact that a portfolio of credit based insurance, comprising irrevocable contracts that cannot be unilaterally changed by the insurer and that match the maturity terms of the underlying insured obligation, contains probable and reasonably estimable losses.
In January and February of 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff discussed with financial guaranty industry participants differences in loss recognition practices among those participants. Based on discussions with the SEC staff, the Company understands that the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") staff is considering whether additional guidance regarding financial guaranty insurance reserve methodologies should be provided. When and if the FASB or SEC reach a conclusion on this issue, the Company and the rest of the financial guaranty industry may be required to change some aspects of their loss reserving policies, and the potential changes could extend to premium and expense recognition. The Company cannot predict how the FASB or SEC will resolve this issue and the resulting impact on its financial statements.
Until additional guidance is issued, the Company intends to continue applying its existing policy regarding the establishment of both case and non-specific reserves.
The following table presents the activity in the non-specific and case reserves for each of the periods presented. Adjustments to reserves represent management's estimate of the amount required to cover the present value of the net cost of claims, based on statistical provisions for new originations and a separate review of the insured CDO portfolio. Transfers between non-specific and case reserves represent a reallocation of existing loss reserves and have no impact on earnings.
Reconciliation of Net Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions)
|
Non- Specific |
Case |
Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 31, 2004 | $ | 99.3 | $ | 45.2 | $ | 144.5 | |||||
Incurred | 4.0 | 4.0 | |||||||||
Transfers | 1.8 | (1.8 | ) | | |||||||
Payments and other decreases | | (0.6 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||||||
March 31, 2005 balance | $ | 105.1 | $ | 42.8 | $ | 147.9 | |||||
Management of the Company periodically evaluates its estimates for losses and loss adjustment expenses and establishes reserves that management believes are adequate to cover the present value of the ultimate net cost of claims. However, because of the uncertainty involved in developing these estimates, the ultimate liability may differ from current estimates.
The gross and net par amounts outstanding on transactions with case reserves were $720.0 million and $618.1 million, respectively, at March 31, 2005. The net case reserve consisted primarily of seven CDO transactions and one municipal transaction, which collectively accounted for approximately 90% of total net case reserves. The remaining 11 exposures were in various sectors.
4. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Credit Default Swaps
FSA has insured a number of credit default swaps ("CDS") with the expectation that these transactions will not be subject to a market value termination for which the Company would be liable.
9
It considers these agreements to be a normal extension of its financial guaranty insurance business, although they are considered derivatives for accounting purposes. These agreements are recorded at fair value. The Company believes that the most meaningful presentation of the financial statement impact of these derivatives is to reflect premiums as installments are received, to record losses and loss adjustment expenses as incurred and to record changes in fair value as incurred. The Company recorded $21.4 million and $16.0 million in net earned premium under these agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Changes in the fair value of CDS were losses of $2.6 million for the first three months of 2005 and gains of $15.1 million for the same period in 2004, and were recorded in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The Company included net par outstanding of $70.2 billion and $66.0 billion relating to these CDS transactions at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively, in the asset-backed balances in Note 5. The gains or losses recognized by recording these contracts at fair value are determined each quarter based on quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, the determination of fair value is based on internally developed estimates. Management applies judgment when developing these estimates and considers factors such as current prices charged for similar agreements, performance of underlying assets, changes in internal shadow ratings, the level at which the deductible has been set and the Company's ability to obtain reinsurance for its insured obligations. The Company does not believe that the fair value adjustments are an indication of potential claims under FSA's guarantees. The average life of these contracts is 2.9 years. The inception to date gain on the CDS portfolio was $44.0 million at March 31, 2005 and $46.6 million at December 31, 2004.
Designated Hedges
The Company enters into derivative contracts, designated as fair-value hedges, to manage interest-rate and foreign currency exposure in its GIC bond portfolio, GICs, VIE debt and VIE Portfolio. The derivative contracts are recorded at fair value. These derivatives generally include interest-rate futures and interest-rate and currency swap agreements, which are primarily utilized to convert fixed-rate debt and investments into U.S. dollar floating-rate debt and investments. The gains and losses relating to these fair-value hedges are included in net interest income from financial products and VIEs and in net interest expense from financial products and VIEs, as appropriate, along with the offsetting change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged. The inception-to-date net unrealized loss on derivatives used to hedge the GIC liabilities and the financial products bond portfolio of $43.0 million and $6.2 million at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively, was recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The inception-to-date net unrealized gain on the outstanding derivatives used to hedge the VIE debt and VIE bond portfolio of $530.1 million and $590.8 million at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively, was recorded in other assets.
In order for a derivative to qualify for hedge accounting, it must be highly effective at reducing the risks associated with the exposure being hedged. An effective hedge is defined as a hedge that falls within an 80% to 125% correlation range. The difference between a perfect hedge (i.e., one that correlates exactly 100%) and the actual correlation within the 80% to 125% range is the ineffective portion of the hedge. A failed hedge is one whose correlation falls outside of the 80% to 125% range.
10
The table below presents the net gain (loss) related to the ineffective portion of the Company's fair value hedges and net gain (loss) related to failed hedges (in millions).
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
|||||
Ineffective portion of fair value hedges | $ | (0.4 | ) | $ | 2.2 | ||
Failed hedges | (0.6 | ) | (0.8 | ) |
Other Derivatives
The Company enters into various other derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS 133"). These derivatives include swaptions, caps and other derivatives and are used principally as protection against large interest-rate movements. Gains and losses on these derivatives are reflected in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
5. OUTSTANDING EXPOSURE
The Company's policies insure the scheduled payments of principal and interest on asset-backed (including FSA-insured CDS) and municipal obligations. The gross amount of financial guaranties in force (principal and interest) was $628.4 billion at March 31, 2005 and $622.6 billion at December 31, 2004. The net amount of financial guaranties in force was $450.3 billion at March 31, 2005 and $444.5 billion at December 31, 2004. The Company limits its exposure to losses from writing financial guarantees by underwriting investment-grade obligations, diversifying its portfolio and tailoring credit and legal requirements for specific transactions, as well as through reinsurance.
The net and ceded par outstanding of insured obligations in the asset-backed insured portfolio (including FSA-insured CDS) included the following amounts by type of collateral (in millions) at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004:
|
Net Par Outstanding |
Ceded Par Outstanding |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||
Residential mortgages | $ | 31,128 | $ | 35,641 | $ | 4,365 | $ | 4,997 | ||||
Consumer receivables | 9,991 | 9,540 | 1,906 | 2,241 | ||||||||
Pooled corporate obligations | 71,124 | 68,340 | 25,315 | 26,223 | ||||||||
Other asset-backed obligations(1) | 8,674 | 8,829 | 3,497 | 3,573 | ||||||||
Total asset-backed obligations | $ | 120,917 | $ | 122,350 | $ | 35,083 | $ | 37,034 | ||||
11
The net and ceded par outstanding of insured obligations in the municipal insured portfolio included the following amounts by type of issues (in millions) at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004:
|
Net Par Outstanding |
Ceded Par Outstanding |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||
General obligation bonds | $ | 82,175 | $ | 77,865 | $ | 25,194 | $ | 24,278 | |||||
Housing revenue bonds | 7,390 | 7,628 | 2,092 | 2,224 | |||||||||
Municipal utility revenue bonds | 33,753 | 33,544 | 13,630 | 13,761 | |||||||||
Health care revenue bonds | 9,445 | 9,261 | 8,144 | 7,784 | |||||||||
Tax-supported (non-general obligation) bonds | 36,994 | 36,631 | 14,675 | 14,564 | |||||||||
Transportation revenue bonds | 13,119 | 12,834 | 7,753 | 7,584 | |||||||||
Other municipal bonds | 18,169 | 17,629 | 9,770 | 9,459 | |||||||||
Total municipal obligations | $ | 201,045 | $ | 195,392 | $ | 81,258 | $ | 79,654 | |||||
6. GIC AND VIE DEBT
The obligations under GICs issued by the GIC Subsidiaries may be called at various times prior to maturity based on certain agreed-upon events. As of March 31, 2005, the interest rates on outstanding GICs were between 0.85% and 5.95% per annum and between 1.12% and 7.75% per annum on VIE debt. Payments due under GICs are based on expected withdrawal dates and exclude hedge accounting adjustments and prepaid interest of $35.3 million and include accretion of $865.3 million. VIE debt includes $1,326.1 million of future interest accretion on zero coupon obligations and excludes $268.8 million of hedge accounting adjustments. The following table presents (in millions) the combined principal amounts due under GICs and VIE debt for the remainder of 2005 and each of the next four years ending December 31, 2006 and thereafter:
Expected Withdrawal Date |
Principal Amount |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | $ | 2,467.9 | ||
2006 | 1,729.0 | |||
2007 | 1,625.7 | |||
2008 | 532.8 | |||
2009 | 988.7 | |||
Thereafter | 6,839.0 | |||
Total | $ | 14,183.1 | ||
12
7. SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company operates in two business segments: financial guaranty and financial products. The financial guaranty segment is primarily in the business of providing financial guaranty insurance on asset-backed and municipal obligations. The financial products segment includes the GIC operations of the Company, which issues GICs to municipalities and other market participants. The GICs provide for the return of principal and the payment of interest at a pre-specified rate. The following tables summarize the financial information (in thousands) by segment at and for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Financial Guaranty |
Financial Products |
Intersegment Eliminations |
Total |
|||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||
External | $ | 175,172 | $ | 62,247 | $ | 237,419 | |||||||
Intersegment | 7,440 | 10,202 | $ | (17,642 | ) | ||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||
External | 66,949 | 62,957 | 129,906 | ||||||||||
Intersegment | 10,202 | 7,440 | (17,642 | ) | |||||||||
Income before income taxes | 104,793 | 2,052 | 106,845 | ||||||||||
Segment assets | 9,615,900 | 11,332,675 | (2,018,340 | ) | 18,930,235 |
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Financial Guaranty |
Financial Products |
Intersegment Eliminations |
Total |
|||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||
External | $ | 184,011 | $ | 11,511 | $ | 195,522 | |||||||
Intersegment | 3,337 | 5,637 | $ | (8,974 | ) | ||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||
External | 73,270 | 12,435 | 85,705 | ||||||||||
Intersegment | 5,637 | 3,337 | (8,974 | ) | |||||||||
Income before income taxes | 108,724 | 1,376 | 110,100 |
The inter-segment assets consist of intercompany notes that are in the financial products investment portfolio and GICs issued by the GIC Subsidiaries that are in the financial guaranty investment portfolio. The inter-segment revenue relates to interest income on the intercompany assets.
13
8. OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
The detailed balances that comprise other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 are as follows (in thousands):
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Other Assets: | |||||||
Fair value of VIE swaps | $ | 530,102 | $ | 590,792 | |||
VIE other invested assets | 154,530 | 156,540 | |||||
Deferred compensation trust | 115,794 | 112,941 | |||||
Tax and loss bonds | 103,430 | 102,193 | |||||
Accrued interest on VIE swaps | 114,311 | 99,794 | |||||
Accrued interest income | 63,457 | 63,614 | |||||
Fair-Value adjustments on derivatives | 44,746 | 47,224 | |||||
Other assets | 198,918 | 151,257 | |||||
Total Other Assets | $ | 1,325,288 | $ | 1,324,355 | |||
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities: | |||||||
Payable for securities purchased | $ | 581,157 | $ | 262,033 | |||
Deferred compensation trust | 115,794 | 112,941 | |||||
Equity participation plan | 77,205 | 123,382 | |||||
Minority interest | 50,039 | 50,245 | |||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | | 5,656 | |||||
Fair-Value adjustments on derivatives | 42,983 | 6,224 | |||||
Other liabilities | 301,482 | 314,029 | |||||
Total Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities | $ | 1,168,660 | $ | 874,510 | |||
9. EQUITY PARTICIPATION PLAN
In 2005, the Company adopted a new 2004 Equity Participation Plan (the "2004 EPP") that continues the incentive compensation program formerly provided under the Company's 1993 Equity Participation. The 2004 EPP provides for performance share units comprised 90% of performance shares (which provide for payment based upon the Company's performance over specified three-year performance cycles) and 10% of shares of Dexia S.A. restricted stock. The Dexia S.A. restricted share component is a fixed plan, where the Company purchases Dexia S. A. shares and establishes a prepaid expense for the amount paid. In the first quarter, FSA purchased shares for $4.4 million,which is being amortized over the employees' vesting period.
14
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Overview
Management's principal business objective is to grow the intrinsic value of the Company over the long term. To this end, it seeks to accumulate an insured portfolio of conservatively underwritten municipal and asset-backed obligations and attractively priced guaranteed investment contracts in order to produce a reliable, predictable earnings stream. Strategically, the Company seeks to maintain balanced capabilities across domestic and international asset-backed and municipal markets in order to have the flexibility to pursue the most attractive opportunities available at any point in the business cycle. References to the "Company" are to Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. together with its subsidiaries.
To reflect accurately how management evaluates the Company's operations and progress toward long-term goals, this discussion employs both measures promulgated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP measures") and measures not so promulgated ("non-GAAP measures"). Although the measures identified as non-GAAP in this discussion should not be considered substitutes for GAAP measures, management considers them key performance indicators and employs them in determining compensation. Non-GAAP measures therefore provide investors with important information about the way management analyzes its business and rewards performance.
Unless otherwise noted, percentage changes in this discussion and analysis compare the period named with the comparable period of the prior year.
For the first quarter the Company's total revenues increased 21.4% to $237.4 million. Net income decreased 4.6% to $80.1 million due to prior-period gains from marking insured credit default swaps ("CDS") to fair-value. Gross premiums written declined 13.4% to $164.0 million due to a decline in upfront premiums from municipal business. Shareholders' equity increased 1.4% to $2.6 billion.
Results of Operations
Premiums
Net Earned and Written Premiums
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||
|
(in millions) |
|||||
Premiums written, net of reinsurance | $ | 109.5 | $ | 116.5 | ||
Premiums earned, net of reinsurance | 94.9 | 92.2 | ||||
Net premiums earned excluding refundings and accelerations | 85.5 | 84.5 |
For the first quarter, net premiums earned totaled $94.9 million, a 2.9% increase. This includes $9.4 million of net premiums earned from refundings and prepayments, which were $7.7 million in the first quarter of 2004. Excluding premiums from refundings and accelerations, first quarter net premiums earned increased 1.2%, reflecting growth in municipal earned premiums offset by a decline in asset-backed earned premiums.
Business Production
As explained in detail below, for each accounting period, the Company estimates the present value of originations ("PV originations"). This non-GAAP measure consists of the total present value of
15
premiums originated ("PV premiums originated") by Financial Security Assurance Inc. and its insurance company subsidiaries ("FSA") and the present value of net interest margin originated ("PV NIM originated") in the financial products segment. The Company generated PV originations of $192.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2005 and $187.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2004. Management believes that, by disclosing the components of PV originations in addition to premiums written, the Company provides investors with a more comprehensive description of its new business activity in a given period.
Present Value of Premiums Originated
The GAAP measure "gross premiums written" captures premiums collected in a given period, whether collected for business originated in the period or in installments for business originated in prior periods. Gross premiums written is not a precise measure of current-period originations because a significant portion of the Company's premiums are collected in installments. Therefore, to measure current-period premium production, management calculates the gross present value of premium installments originated in the accounting period and combines it with premiums received upfront in the accounting period, which produces the non-GAAP measure "PV premiums originated".
The Company's insurance policies and insured credit derivative contracts are generally non-cancelable and remain outstanding for years from date of inception, in some cases 30 years or longer. Accordingly, current-period premium production, as distinct from earned premiums, represents premiums to be earned in the future.
Viewed at a policy level, installment premiums are generally calculated as a fixed premium rate multiplied by the insured principal outstanding as of dates established by the terms of the policy. Because the actual installment premiums received could vary from the amount estimated at the time of origination based on variances in the actual outstanding debt balances as of the pre-established dates, the realization of PV premiums originated could be greater or less than the amount reported.
Installment premiums are not recorded in the financial statements until due, which is a function of the terms of each insurance policy. Future installment premiums are not captured in premiums earned or premiums written, the most comparable GAAP measures. Management therefore uses PV premiums originated to evaluate current business production.
PV premiums originated reflects estimated future installment premiums discounted to their present value, as well as upfront premiums, but only for business originated during the period. To calculate PV premiums originated, management discounts an estimate of all future installment premium receipts at a rate representing the Company's three-year trailing average insurance investment portfolio return. The estimated installment premium receipts are determined based on each installment policy's projected par balances outstanding multiplied by its premium rate. The Company's Transaction Oversight Departments estimate the relevant schedule of future par balances outstanding for each insurance policy with installment premiums. At the time of origination, projected debt schedules are generally based on good faith estimates developed and used by the parties negotiating the transaction. The Company calculates the discount rate for PV premiums originated as the average pre-tax yield on its investment portfolio for the previous three years. This serves as a proxy for the return that could be achieved if the premiums had been received upfront.
Year-to-year comparisons of PV premiums originated are affected by the application of a different discount rate each year. The discount rate employed by the Company for this purpose was 5.30% for 2005 originations and 5.62% for 2004 originations. Management intends to revise the discount rate in future years according to the same methodology, in order to reflect specific return results realized by the Company.
16
Reconciliation of Gross Premiums Written to Non-GAAP PV Premiums Originated
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
|||||
|
(in millions) |
||||||
Gross premiums written | $ | 164.0 | $ | 189.5 | |||
Gross installment premiums received | (76.9 | ) | (72.0 | ) | |||
Gross upfront premiums originated | 87.1 | 117.5 | |||||
PV estimated future premiums originated | 92.8 | 54.2 | |||||
PV premiums originated | $ | 179.9 | $ | 171.7 | |||
Financial Guaranty Insurance Originations
The tables below show the PV premiums originated and gross par amount insured by FSA in its three major business sectors.
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||
Gross par insured (in billions) | $ | 12.3 | $ | 11.0 | ||
Gross PV premiums originated (in millions) | 76.8 | 89.4 |
The first quarter of 2005 saw the heaviest municipal market volume on record for a first quarter, with an estimated $98.0 billion of new issues coming to market, 13.2% more than in the first quarter of 2004, largely because of a significant increase in refundings. Insurance penetration was approximately 62%, compared with 46% in last year's comparable period. In this environment, FSA insured approximately 24% of the par amount of insured new issues with sale dates in the first quarter.
Including both primary and secondary U.S. municipal obligations with closing dates in the first quarter, the par amount insured by FSA increased 12.1%, and PV premiums originated decreased 14.1%. The decrease in PV premiums originated was due to both a highly competitive, tight-spread environment and a reduced contribution from the higher-premium health care sector. The average return on FSA's new municipal business met the Company's return objectives.
U.S. Asset-Backed Originations
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||
Gross par insured (in billions) | $ | 4.2 | $ | 5.1 | ||
Gross PV premiums originated (in millions) | 60.8 | 34.9 |
U.S. asset-backed originations declined 18.7% in par volume, due primarily to declines in new residential mortgage and consumer finance originations. However, the sector generated a 74.2% increase in PV premiums originated. FSA executed a variety of transactions during the quarter in the consumer, residential and pooled corporate sectors. Amendments to certain existing transactions at the request of issuers produced additional PV premiums without any corresponding increase in par insured.
17
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||
Gross par insured (in billions) | $ | 4.5 | $ | 3.1 | ||
Gross PV premiums originated (in millions) | 42.3 | 47.4 |
FSA's first-quarter international par insured increased 45.2%, but PV premium production decreased 10.8% because of a shift in the business mix to include substantially more Triple-A and Super Triple-A asset-backed transactions, which tend to have shorter terms and lower PV premiums relative to par than public infrastructure financings.
Financial Products Originations
The financial products segment, in which the Company conducts business through a group of wholly owned subsidiaries (the "GIC Subsidiaries"), produces net interest margin ("FP NIM") rather than insurance premiums. Like installment premiums, PV NIM originated is expected to be earned and collected in future periods.
Guaranteed investment contracts ("GICs") are issued at or converted into LIBOR-based floating rate obligations, with proceeds invested in or converted into LIBOR-based floating-rate investments intended to result in profits from a higher investment rate than borrowing rate. The difference between the investment revenue and the borrowing cost for the reporting period is the FP NIM.
The Company's future positive interest rate spread can be reasonably estimated and generally relates to contracts or security instruments that extend for multiple years. The non-GAAP measure, "PV NIM," represents the difference between the present value of the estimated interest to be received on the investments and the present value of estimated interest to be paid on liabilities issued in the form of GICs, net of expected hedge derivative results. PV NIM is calculated after giving effect to swaps and other derivatives that convert substantially all fixed-rate assets and liabilities to floating rates. At the time of origination, all interest rate hedges are assumed to be completely effective.
Net interest income and net interest expense are reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income but are limited to current-year earnings. As GIC contracts extend beyond the current period, management considers the non-GAAP measure "PV NIM" to be a useful indicator of future FP NIM to be earned and includes it in adjusted book value ("ABV") as another element of intrinsic value, not found in GAAP book value.
For each accounting period, the Company reports the non-GAAP measure PV NIM originated, reflecting its estimate of PV NIM generated by that period's new business in the financial products segment. The majority of municipal GICs issued by the GIC Subsidiaries relate to debt service reserve funds and construction funds in support of municipal bond transactions. These funds may be drawn unexpectedly, with the result that the actual timing and amount of repayments may differ from the original estimates, which in turn would affect the realization of the estimate of PV NIM originated in a given accounting period. PV outstanding is the sum of cumulative years' reported PV premiums originated and PV NIM originated, less what has been earned or adjusted due to changes in estimates as described above. Installment payment contracts, whether in the form of premiums or FP NIM, are generally non-cancelable by the Company and represent a claim to future cash flows. Therefore, management includes these amounts in its estimate of ABV.
18
Financial Products PV NIM Originated
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||
|
(in millions) |
|||||
Gross present value of future net interest margin originated | $ | 12.8 | $ | 15.5 |
PV NIM originated in the financial products segment decreased 17.4% for the first quarter. Though demand for FSA-insured GICs remained strong in both the municipal and structured finance sectors, PV NIM declined because the Company invested primarily in highly liquid, Triple-A, short-dated floating rate instruments in anticipation of widening credit spreads.
Operating Earnings
Management uses two key metrics to measure company performance and to calculate long-term incentive compensation and the annual bonus pool. These two metricsoperating earnings and ABVare both non-GAAP measures.
The Company defines "operating earnings" as net income before the effects of fair-value adjustments for FSA-insured CDS that:
CDS contracts are generally non-cancelable by the Company prior to maturity, and the Company views insured CDS risks as comparable to other insured risks. In a typical CDS transaction, the Company, in exchange for an upfront or periodic premium, indemnifies the insured for economic losses related to specified reference obligations, primarily pools of corporate debt securities or bank loans, structured such that the risk insured is investment grade without the benefit of the credit protection provided by the Company. In the event a CDS were to migrate below investment grade, the fair-value impact would be fully reflected in operating earnings.
The Company discloses operating earnings to inform investors of a key measure used by both management and the Board of Directors to assess the Company's consolidated operating performance and to calculate its employees' long-term incentive compensation payments. The limitations of the operating earnings metric are the lack of comparability to operating earnings of other companies that may define it differently and the exclusion of variability related to CDS fair-value adjustments. A significant percentage of the Company's CDS exposures subject to fair-value adjustments are considered Triple-A or Super Triple-A (defined as credit quality based on loss protection that is greater than 1.3 times the Triple-A standard), and the Company and its subsidiaries do not intend to trade these highly rated, highly structured contracts. Accordingly, management believes it is probable that the financial impact of the fair-value adjustments for the insured CDS will disappear over the finite terms of the exposures, which are typically five to seven years at inception. For this reason, management believes that the market volatility of credit-spread pricing, the primary driver of the Company's change in fair-value results, do not reflect on the Company's operating performance in a meaningful way.
First-quarter operating earnings of $81.7 million were higher than net income because they exclude pre-tax negative fair-value adjustments totaling $2.6 million. The fair-value adjustments primarily reflect a slight widening of market credit spreads. The comparable fair-value adjustments in the first quarter of 2004 were gains totaling $15.1 million.
19
Reconciliation of Net Income to Non-GAAP Operating Earnings
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||
|
(in millions) |
|||||
Net income | $ | 80.1 | $ | 84.0 | ||
Less fair-value adjustments of insured CDS, net of taxes | (1.6 | ) | 10.2 | |||
Operating earnings | $ | 81.7 | $ | 73.8 | ||
Adjusted Book Value
To calculate ABV, the following adjustments, on an after-tax basis, are made to shareholders' equity (GAAP "book value"):
Management considers ABV a reasonable measure of the Company's intrinsic value, exclusive of franchise value. Like book value, it reflects loss estimates, which are made at the time of contract origination. Additionally, ABV captures the estimated value of future contractual cash flows related to transactions in force as of the balance sheet date (adjustments 2 and 3 in the calculation above). An investor attempting to evaluate the Company using GAAP measures alone would not have the benefit of this information. In addition, investors may consider the growth of ABV to be a performance measure indicating the degree to which management has succeeded in building a reliable source of future earnings. Certain of the Company's compensation programs have payments based in part on ABV growth rate. The limitation of the ABV metric is that it relies on an estimate of the amount and timing of the receipt of future installment premiums and future net interest margin. Actual installment premium receipts could vary from the amount estimated based on variances in the actual insured outstanding debt balances as of the dates used to calculate premiums due. Actual net interest margin results could vary from the amount estimated based on variances in the actual timing and amount of repayments associated with flexible-draw GICs that the Company issues. ABV also excludes the fair-value of investment-grade insured CDS.
Adjustments 1, 2 and 3 represent the sum of cumulative years' reported PV premiums originated and PV NIM originated, less what has been earned or adjusted due to changes in estimates as described above.
Adjustments 1 and 2 in the calculation of ABV together constitute "PV premiums outstanding." Because debt schedules related to installment transactions change from time to time, management uses PV premiums outstanding to indicate its best estimate of the Company's present value of future premium revenues (comprising current and prior period originations that have not yet been earned). Critical assumptions underlying adjustment 2 are discussed above under "New Business ProductionFinancial Guaranty Insurance Originations."
20
As discussed above under "New Business ProductionFinancial Products Originations," the Company calculates PV NIM originated (adjustment 3) because net interest income and net interest expense reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income are limited to current-year earnings. The Company's future positive interest rate spread from outstanding GIC business can be reasonably estimated and generally relates to contracts or security instruments that extend for multiple years. Management therefore includes it in ABV as another element of intrinsic value not found in U.S. GAAP book value.
In addition, ABV excludes the effect of certain fair-value adjustments that are also excluded from operating earnings (adjustment 5 above). As explained in the preceding discussion of operating earnings, management expects that the financial impact of fair-value adjustments will sum to zero over the finite terms of the related exposures.
Shareholders' equity was $2.6 billion and non-GAAP ABV was $3.7 billion at March 31, 2005. Over the past twelve months, after taking dividends into account, ABV grew 15.5% excluding realized and unrealized capital gains and losses in the investment portfolio and 14.5% including such gains and losses.
Reconciliation of Book Value to Non-GAAP Adjusted Book Value
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(in millions) |
|||||||
Shareholders' equity (book value)(1) | $ | 2,586.7 | $ | 2,550.0 | ||||
After-tax adjustments: | ||||||||
Plus net unearned premium revenues | 878.1 | 868.6 | ||||||
Plus present value of net future installment premiums and PV NIM | 512.9 | 497.3 | ||||||
Less net deferred acquisition costs | 207.4 | 200.3 | ||||||
Less fair value adjustments for insured CDS | 29.9 | 31.4 | ||||||
Adjusted book value | $ | 3,740.4 | $ | 3,684.2 | ||||
Net Investment Income and Realized Gains
First quarter 2005 net investment income increased 20% in the first quarter of 2005 over the prior year's first quarter results. The increase primarily reflects higher invested balances in the investment portfolio and the inclusion of XL Financial Assurance Ltd. ("XLFA") dividends of $2.6 million. In the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company began accounting for its investment in XLFA as a marketable security with dividends recorded in net investment income. Previously this investment was recorded under the equity method of accounting. Realized gains and losses are generally a by-product of the normal investment management process and may vary substantially from period to period. First quarter net realized gains, including amounts from refinanced transactions, were $4.3 million, compared with $0.5 million in the comparable prior-year period. The Company's effective rate on investment income (excluding the effects of realized gains and losses and variable interest entities) for the first quarter was 11.0% versus 9.5% for the comparable prior-year period.
Losses and Loss Adjustment Expense
The provision for losses and loss adjustment expenses was $4.0 million in the first three months of 2005 and $7.7 million in the comparable period of 2004. The following table presents the activity in the
21
non-specific and case reserves for each of the periods presented (in millions). Adjustments to reserves represent management's estimate of the amount required to cover the present value of the net cost of claims, based on statistical provisions for new originations and a separate review of the insured CDO portfolio. Transfers between non-specific and case reserves represent a reallocation of existing loss reserves and have no impact on earnings.
Reconciliation of Net Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
|
Non-specific |
Case |
Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 31, 2004 | $ | 99.3 | $ | 45.2 | $ | 144.5 | |||||
Incurred | 4.0 | 4.0 | |||||||||
Transfers | 1.8 | (1.8 | ) | | |||||||
Payments and other decreases | | (0.6 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||||||
March 31, 2005 balance | $ | 105.1 | $ | 42.8 | $ | 147.9 | |||||
The gross and net par amounts outstanding on transactions with case reserves were $720.0 million and $618.1 million, respectively, at March 31, 2005. The net case reserve consisted primarily of seven CDO transactions and one municipal transaction, which collectively accounted for approximately 90% of the total net case reserves. The remaining 11 exposures were in various sectors.
Reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses are discounted when established at risk-free rates at the time reserves are established. The cumulative amount of net discount taken was approximately $57.8 million at March 31, 2004 and $59.5 million at December 31, 2004.
Since case and non-specific reserves are based on estimates, there can be no assurance that the ultimate liability will not differ from such estimates. The Company will continue, on an ongoing basis, to monitor these reserves and may periodically adjust such reserves, upward or downward, based on the Company's actual loss experience, its future mix of business and future economic conditions.
The table below presents the significant assumptions inherent in the calculations of the case and non-specific reserves.
|
March 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Case reserve discount rate | 3.13%-5.90% | 3.13%-5.90% | ||
Non-specific reserve discount rate | 1.20%-7.95% | 1.20%-7.95% | ||
Current experience factor | 2.0 | 2.0 |
The Company is aware that there are differences regarding the method of measurement of the non-specific reserve among participants in the financial guaranty industry. Other financial guarantors may not establish a non-specific reserve in the manner described above, may call their non-specific reserve by a different name (such as, but not limited to "unallocated losses," "active credit reserves" or "portfolio reserves") or may use different statistical techniques than the Company uses to determine loss at a given point in time. Management and the industry expect accounting literature specific to the financial guaranty industry to evolve; however, management cannot predict or estimate the scope of the guidance or potential impact on the financial statements at this time.
Other Operating Expenses and Policy Acquisition Costs
For the first quarter, policy acquisition and other operating expenses increased to $42.1 million ($28.2 million after taxes) from $36.6 million ($24.9 million after taxes) in the previous year's first quarter. Of the $5.5 million increase, $2.8 million reflects changes in deferral rates following an annual analysis of employee time allocated to new business production. Additionally, in the first quarter of
22
2005, expenses were increased by write-offs of $1.0 million of uncollectable receivables, and, in the first quarter of 2004, expenses were reduced by reversals of $1.3 million of expense accruals that had proven to be unnecessary.
Financial Products Net Interest Margin
First quarter net interest margin for the financial products segment, FP NIM was $7.3 million in 2005 and $5.3 million in 2004. The increases in FP NIM were primarily related to an increasing book of GIC business since entering the GIC business in late 2001.
NIM shown in accordance with classifications required under GAAP on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income ("Total NIM") is calculated as net interest income on financial products and variable interest entities, plus net realized gains (losses) on financial products, less net interest expense on financial products and variable interest entities. Total NIM was $1.6 million for the first quarter of 2005 and $6.5 million for the first quarter of 2004. The differences between Total NIM and FP NIM relate primarily to the presentation of intersegment transactions and the classification of derivatives and variable interest entities ("VIEs").
The table below reconciles Total NIM with FP NIM, which is used as a key performance measure of the financial products business.
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2004 |
|||||
|
(in millions) |
||||||
Total NIM | $ | 1.6 | $ | 6.5 | |||
Reclassification of non-hedge derivatives | 1.5 | (2.1 | ) | ||||
Reclassification of income related to refinanced transactions | 5.5 | 2.3 | |||||
Variable interest entities NIM ("VIE NIM")(1) | (1.3 | ) | (1.4 | ) | |||
FP NIM | $ | 7.3 | $ | 5.3 | |||
Derivative gains and losses are included in the FP NIM whether or not they are designated hedges. GAAP requires that derivatives designated as hedges be classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income with the underlying item being hedged. Gains and losses on derivatives not designated as hedges are shown under the caption net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments.
Intersegment transactions relate primarily to intercompany notes held in the FP bond portfolio. In connection with the Company's refinancing transactions, the Company obtains funds from the FP operations to fund claim payments, creating an interest-bearing intercompany note. This intercompany note is included in the assets of the financial products segment. The net interest income on intercompany notes is included in FP NIM, but eliminated in the consolidated Total NIM. The GIC Subsidiaries raise funds through the issuance of FSA-insured GICs in the normal course of FP operations.
Income related to refinanced transactions included in FP NIM is shown as a separate caption on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
VIE NIM and FP NIM are combined on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. VIE NIM pertains to the net interest margin derived from transactions executed by FSA Global Funding Limited ("FSA Global"), Canadian Global Funding Corporation ("Canadian Global") and Premier International Funding Co. ("Premier").
23
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives
FSA's business includes insurance of CDS. The net par outstanding was $70.2 billion relating to these transactions at March 31, 2005 and $66.0 billion at December 31, 2004. Many of these transactions require periodic accounting adjustments to reflect an estimate of fair value under SFAS 133. These transactions have generally been underwritten with Triple-A or higher levels of credit protection provided by significant deductibles that must be exhausted prior to claims under FSA's guaranty. Adjustments required by SFAS 133 resulted in a pre-tax loss of $2.6 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2005 and a pre tax gain of $15.1 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2004. The fair-value adjustments for 2005 reflect a slight widening of market credit spreads. The benefits during 2004 resulted primarily from tightening credit spreads in the CDS market. These adjustments do not indicate any material improvement or deterioration in the underlying credit quality of FSA's insured CDS portfolio. The gain or loss created by estimated fair-value adjustments will rise or fall each quarter based on estimated market pricing of highly rated swap guarantees and is not expected to be an indication of potential claims under FSA's guarantee. Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset or a liability could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties. The fair value is determined based on quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, as is primarily the case with CDS on pools of assets, then the determination of fair value is based on internally developed estimates. Management applies judgment when developing these estimates and considers factors such as current prices charged for similar agreements, performance of underlying assets, changes in internal shadow ratings, the level at which the deductible has been set and FSA's ability to obtain reinsurance for its insured obligations. Due to changes in these factors, the gain or loss from derivative instruments may vary substantially from period to period. Absent any claims under FSA's guaranty, any "losses" recorded in marking a guaranty to fair value will be reversed by an equivalent "gain" at or prior to the expiration of the guaranty and any "gain" recorded would be reversed by an equal "loss" over the remaining life of the transaction. The average remaining life of these contracts is 2.9 years. The inception to date gain on the CDS portfolio was $44.0 million at March 31, 2005 and $46.6 million at December 31, 2004. Given the very high credit quality of FSA's insured CDS portfolio and the Company's intent to hold to maturity, management believes that "losses" or "gains" attributable to marking these exposures to fair value do not reflect on the Company's operating performance in a meaningful way.
Income from Assets Acquired in Refinancing Transactions
Income from assets acquired in refinancing transactions was $7.0 million in the first quarter of 2005 and $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2004. The increase resulted primarily from the addition of several refinancing transactions in the second half of 2004. Realized gains and losses are generally a by-product of the investment management process for these refinancing transactions and may vary substantially from period to period. First quarter net realized gains from refinanced transactions were $5.4 million, compared with $0 in the comparable prior-year period.
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Affiliates
Total equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates was $1.7 million for the first three months of 2005 and $4.9 million for the same period of 2004. The Company has an investment in SPS Holding Corp. ("SPS"), formerly Fairbanks Capital Holding Corp. SPS is owned 64.92% by The PMI Group Inc. and 34.06% by the Company, with the remainder owned by individuals. At March 31, 2005, the Company's interest in SPS had a book value of $51.4 million. At December 31, 2004, the Company's interest in SPS had a book value of $49.7 million. The Company's equity in earnings from SPS was $1.7 million for the first quarter of 2005 and $0.2 million for 2004.
While management believes book value approximates fair value, the Company will continue to monitor the value of its investment in SPS. The Company and the other owners of SPS have entered
24
into a binding Summary of Terms relating to the potential sale to an unaffiliated third party of their respective interests in SPS pursuant to an option, exercisable on or before July 31, 2005. The sale is subject to several conditions, including, among other things, execution of definitive agreements. The purchase price for the Company's interest in SPS under such Summary of Terms is not expected to result in any material gain or loss.
The Company has a 13% investment in XLFA in the form of preferred shares. XLFA is a financial guaranty insurance subsidiary of XL Capital Ltd ("XL"). The preferred shares are redeemable by XLFA at a price equal to the fair market value of the preferred shares, subject to a cap defined as the internal rate of return of 19% per annum from the date of the investment through the date of redemption, plus accrued dividends as if 100% of current-year earnings were distributed. Based on this formula, the Company recently adopted a policy of carrying this investment at the lesser of the current calculated redemption value or the redemption value as of the next January first, which would exclude its share of accrued current year earnings to the extent the cap had been otherwise met.
For the first three quarters of 2004 and all prior years, equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates included the results of XLFA. In accordance with EITF 02-14, "Whether an Investor Should Apply the Equity Method of Accounting for Investments Other Than Common Stock," the Company no longer accounts for its investment in XLFA under the equity method of accounting. Effective October 1, 2004, the Company's investment in XLFA has been included in equity securities as an available-for-sale security. The fair value of the investment at March 31, 2005 was $54.3 million.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company applied Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51" ("FIN 46") and consolidated, for financial reporting purposes, effective July 1, 2003, FSA Global and Canadian Global. In addition, as a result of the Company obtaining control rights, the Company consolidated another VIE, Premier, beginning July 1, 2003. Total assets and total liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets related to the consolidation of Global Funding and Premier at March 31, 2005 was $2.1 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively. In the third quarter of 2004, the majority of Canadian Global assets were liquidated and all of its liabilities were satisfied. FSA Global is managed as a "matched funding vehicle," in which the proceeds from the issuance of FSA-guaranteed notes are invested in obligations having cash flows substantially matched to those of, and maturing prior to, such notes. In certain cases, investments of FSA Global consist of GICs issued by the GIC Subsidiaries. In each such case, the Company's GIC liability and GIC asset are eliminated in consolidation. At March 31, 2005, $950.7 million was eliminated as a result of such consolidation.
The VIEs are structured as bankruptcy-remote entities. The Company's management believes that the assets held by FSA Global, Premier and the refinancing vehicles, including those that are eliminated in consolidation, are beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership. All intercompany insured amounts between FSA and FSA Global, previously included in the Company's outstanding exposure, are excluded from the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2005.
Taxes
For the first three month of 2005 and 2004, the Company's effective tax rates were 25% and 24%, which differ from the statutory rate of 35% due primarily to tax-exempt interest income and income from Financial Security Assurance International Ltd. ("FSA International"). In addition, the effective tax rate was affected by the expected repatriation of earnings of FSA International in 2005 and the elimination of the dividends received deductions related to SPS.
25
The Company believes it will qualify for beneficial treatment under Section 965 of the Internal Revenue Code, allowing for an 85% dividend received deduction for qualifying dividends, the proceeds of which are invested pursuant to qualifying reinvestment plans. Accordingly, the Company accrued a deferred tax liability and expense of $0.4 million and $5.3 million at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively. These amounts represent the tax effect on FSA International's tax dividend distribution capability at March 31, 2005. To the extent FSA International generates additional tax earnings and profits in 2005, it is probable that the Company will distribute such amounts and, accordingly, provide taxes on such earnings as they accrue.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company's consolidated invested assets and cash at March 31, 2005, net of unsettled security transactions, was $13,832.4 million, compared with the December 31, 2004 balance of $12,227.2 million. These balances include the change in the market value of the investment portfolio, which had an unrealized gain position of $230.9 million at March 31, 2005 and $262.8 million at December 31, 2004. These balances exclude the assets in the VIE portfolio, which the Company's management believes are beyond the reach of the Company.
At March 31, 2005, the Company had, at the holding company level, an investment portfolio of $23.8 million available to fund liquidity needs of its activities outside of its insurance operations. Because the majority of the Company's operations are conducted through FSA, the long-term ability of the Company to service its debt will largely depend upon the receipt of dividends or surplus note payments from FSA and upon external financings.
In its financial guaranty business, premiums, investment income and ceding commissions are the Company's primary sources of funds to pay its operating expenses, insured losses and taxes. In its financial products business, the Company relies on net interest margin to fund its net interest expense and operating expenses. Management believes that the Company's operations provide sufficient liquidity to pay its obligations. If additional liquidity is needed or cash flow from operations significantly decreases, the Company can liquidate or utilize its investment portfolio as a source of funds in addition to its alternative liquidity arrangements, as discussed further below. The Company's cash flows from operations are heavily dependent on market conditions, the competitive environment and the mix of business originated. In addition, payments made in settlement of the Company's obligations in its insured portfolio may, and often do, vary significantly from year to year depending primarily on the frequency and severity of payment defaults and its decisions regarding whether to exercise its right to accelerate troubled insured transactions in order to mitigate future losses. In each of the three years reported, the Company has not drawn on alternative sources of liquidity to meet its obligations, except that the Company has refinanced certain transactions using funds raised through its financial products segment.
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. (as a separate holding company, "FSA Holdings") paid dividends of $17.8 million in the first three months of 2005. It did not pay dividends in the first quarter of 2004.
FSA's ability to pay dividends depends on FSA's financial condition, results of operations, cash requirements, rating agency capital adequacy and other related factors, and is also subject to restrictions contained in the insurance laws and related regulations of New York and other states. Under the insurance laws of the state of New York, FSA may pay dividends out of earned surplus, provided that, together with all dividends declared or distributed by FSA during the preceding 12 months, the dividends do not exceed the lesser of (a) 10% of policyholders' surplus as of its last statement filed with the Superintendent of Insurance of the State of New York (the "New York Superintendent") or (b) adjusted net investment income during this period. FSA paid $24.0 million of dividends in the first three months of 2005. There were no dividends paid during the same period of
26
2004. Based upon FSA's statutory statements for March 31, 2005, the maximum amount normally available for payment of dividends by FSA without regulatory approval over the following 12 months would be approximately $57.8 million.
At March 31, 2005, FSA Holdings held $108.9 million of FSA surplus notes. Payments of principal and interest on such notes may be made only with the approval of the New York Superintendent. FSA paid $1.4 million and $1.9 million in surplus note interest in the first three months of 2005 and 2004, respectively.
FSA's primary uses of funds are to pay operating expenses and to pay dividends to, principal of or interest on surplus notes held by its parent. FSA's funds are also required to satisfy claims under insurance policies in the event of default by an issuer of an insured obligation and the unavailability or exhaustion of other payment sources in the transaction, such as the cash flow or collateral underlying the obligations. FSA seeks to structure asset-backed transactions to address liquidity risks by matching insured payments with available cash flow or other payment sources. The insurance policies issued by FSA provide, in general, that payments of principal, interest and other amounts insured by FSA may not be accelerated by the holder of the obligation but are paid by FSA in accordance with the obligation's original payment schedule or, at FSA's option, on an accelerated basis. These policy provisions prohibiting acceleration of certain claims are mandatory under Article 69 of the New York Insurance Law and serve to reduce FSA's liquidity requirements. The provisions prohibiting acceleration of claims do not generally apply to insured credit default swap transactions, although such transactions are subject to certain single risk limitations that otherwise address liquidity risk associated with acceleration of claims.
FSA has a credit arrangement, aggregating $150.0 million at March 31, 2005, provided by commercial banks and intended for general application to transactions insured by FSA and its insurance company subsidiaries. If FSA is downgraded below Aa3 and AA-, the lenders may terminate the commitment and the commitment commission becomes due and payable. If FSA is downgraded below Baa3 and BBB-, any outstanding loans become due and payable. At March 31, 2005, there were no borrowings under this arrangement. The Company has renewed this credit arrangement, which will expire April 26, 2006, unless extended.
FSA has a standby line of credit in the amount of $350.0 million with a group of international banks to provide loans to FSA after it has incurred, during the term of the facility, cumulative municipal losses (net of any recoveries) in excess of the greater of $350.0 million or the average annual debt service of the covered portfolio multiplied by 5.00%, which amounted to $1,101.8 million at March 31, 2005. The obligation to repay loans made under this agreement is a limited recourse obligation payable solely from, and collateralized by, a pledge of recoveries realized on defaulted insured obligations in the covered portfolio, including certain installment premiums and other collateral. This commitment has a ten-year term that will expire on April 30, 2015 and contains an annual renewal provision subject to approval by the banks. A ratings downgrade of FSA would result in an increase in the commitment fee. No amounts have been utilized under this commitment as of March 31, 2005.
In June 2003, $200.0 million of money market committed preferred trust securities (the "CPS Securities") were issued by trusts created for the primary purpose of issuing the CPS Securities, investing the proceeds in high-quality commercial paper and providing FSA with put options for issuing to the trusts non-cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock (the "Preferred Stock") of FSA. If a put option were to be exercised by FSA, the applicable trust would use the portion of the proceeds attributable to principal received upon maturity of its assets, net of expenses, and transfer such proceeds to FSA in exchange for FSA Preferred Stock. FSA pays a floating put premium to the trusts. The cost of this facility was $0.3 million for the first quarter of 2005, and was recorded as a reduction to equity. The trusts are vehicles for providing FSA access to new capital at its sole discretion through
27
the exercise of the put options. The Company does not consider itself to be the primary beneficiary of the trusts under FIN 46 because it does not retain the majority of the residual benefits or expected losses.
FSA-insured GICs subject the Company to risk associated with early withdrawal of principal allowed by the terms of the GICs. The majority of municipal GICs insured by FSA relate to debt service reserve funds and construction funds in support of municipal bond transactions. Debt service reserve fund GICs may be drawn unexpectedly upon a payment default by the municipal issuer. Construction fund GICs may be drawn unexpectedly when construction of the underlying municipal project does not proceed as expected. In addition, most FSA-insured GICs allow for withdrawal of GIC funds in the event of a downgrade of FSA, typically below AA- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("S&P") or Aa3 by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"), unless the GIC provider posts collateral or otherwise enhances its credit. Some FSA-insured GICs also allow for withdrawal of GIC funds in the event of a downgrade of FSA below A- by S&P or A3 by Moody's, with no right of the GIC provider to avoid such withdrawal by posting collateral or otherwise enhancing its credit. The Company manages this risk through the maintenance of liquid collateral and bank liquidity facilities.
The Company's financial products operations have a $100.0 million line of credit with UBS Loan Finance LLC, which expires December 9, 2005, unless extended. This line of credit provides an additional source of liquidity should there be unexpected draws on GICs issued by the GIC Subsidiaries. There were no borrowings under this arrangement as of March 31, 2005.
S&P, Moody's and Fitch Ratings periodically assess the credits insured by FSA, and the reinsurers and other providers of capital support to FSA, to confirm that FSA continues to satisfy the rating agencies' capital adequacy criteria necessary to maintain FSA's Triple-A ratings. Capital adequacy assessments by the rating agencies are generally based on FSA's qualified statutory capital, which is the aggregate of policyholders' surplus and contingency reserves determined in accordance with statutory accounting principles.
In the case of S&P, assessments of the credits insured by FSA are reflected in defined "capital charges," which are reduced by reinsurance and collateral to the extent "credit" is allowed for such reinsurance and collateral. Credit provided for reinsurance under the S&P capital adequacy model is generally a function of the S&P rating of the reinsurer providing the reinsurance, as well as any collateral provided by the reinsurer. Capital charges on outstanding insured transactions and reinsurer ratings are subject to change by S&P at any time. In recent years, a number of Triple-A-rated reinsurers employed by FSA have been downgraded by S&P. Downgrade of these reinsurers by S&P to the Double-A category resulted in a decline in the credit allowed for reinsurance by S&P from 100% to 70% or 65% under present criteria. While a downgrade by S&P of all reinsurers to the Double-A category would not impair FSA's Triple-A ratings, it would reduce the "margin of safety" by which FSA would survive a theoretical catastrophic depression modeled by S&P. A reduction by S&P in credit for reinsurance used by FSA would also be expected ultimately to reduce the Company's return on equity to the extent that ceding commissions paid to FSA by such reinsurers were not increased to compensate for such reduction. In addition, S&P has recently changed its criteria for allowing credit for reinsurance from multi-line reinsurers absent qualifying structured collateral arrangements satisfying S&P criteria. FSA employs considerable reinsurance in its business to manage its single-risk exposures on insured credits. Any material increase in capital charges by S&P on FSA's insured portfolio would likewise be expected to have an adverse effect on FSA's margin of safety under S&P's capital adequacy model and, ultimately, the Company's return on equity. The Company may seek to raise additional capital to replenish capital eliminated by any of the rating agencies and their assessment of FSA's capital adequacy.
Capital adequacy is one of the financial strength measures under Moody's financial guarantor model. The model includes a penalty for risk concentration and recognizes a benefit for diversification.
28
The published results reflect four metrics of financial strength relating to the insured portfolio's credit quality, correlation risk, concentration of risk and capital adequacy. Moody's assesses capital adequacy by comparing FSA's claims-paying resources to a Moody's-derived probability of potential credit losses. Moody's loss distribution reflects FSA's current distribution of risk by sector (asset-backed and municipal), the credit quality of insured exposures, correlations that exist between transactions, the credit quality of FSA's reinsurers, and the term to maturity of FSA's insured portfolio. The published results compare levels of theoretical loss in the tail of this distribution to various measures of FSA's claims-paying resources.
The Company plans to incur approximately $30 million in capital expenditures, net of lease incentives, through the second quarter of 2005 for leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures related to its new corporate headquarters. As of March 31, 2005, the Company had paid approximately $11.6 million related to its new corporate headquarters. The Company expects to fund these capital expenditures out of cash flows from operations.
Forward-Looking Statements
The Company relies on the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This safe harbor requires that the Company specify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company. Accordingly, forward-looking statements by the Company and its affiliates are qualified by reference to the following cautionary statements.
In its filings with the SEC, reports to shareholders, press releases and other written and oral communications, the Company from time to time makes forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
Words such as "believes," "anticipates," "expects," "intends" and "plans" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.
The Company cautions that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions expressed in forward-looking statements made by the Company. These factors include:
29
The Company cautions that the foregoing list of important factors is not exhaustive. In any event, such forward-looking statements made by the Company speak only as of the date on which they are made, and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise such statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
There has been no material change in the Company's market risk since December 31, 2004.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2005. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon and as of the date of the evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2005 were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files and submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required. Such evaluation did not identify any change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three month period ended March 31, 2005 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
30
(a) Exhibits
10.1 | Amendment No. 7 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2005, among Financial Security Assurance Inc., the additional borrowers party thereto, various banks, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and The Bank of New York, as agent. | |
10.2 |
Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 30, 2005, among Financial Security Assurance Inc., FSA Insurance Company, the Banks party thereto from time to time and Bayerische Landesbank, acting through its New York Branch, as Agent. |
|
10.3 |
|
Form of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. Agreement Evidencing an Award of Performance Shares. (Previously filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File No. 1-12644) dated February 16, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.) |
10.4 |
|
Form of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. Agreement Evidencing an Award of Dexia Restricted Stock. |
31.1 |
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
31.2 |
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
32.1 |
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
32.2 |
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
99.1 |
Condensed consolidated financial statements of Financial Security Assurance Inc. for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. |
31
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD. | |||
May 13, 2005 |
By |
/s/ LAURA A. BIELING Laura A. Bieling Managing Director & Controller (Chief Accounting Officer) |
32
Exhibit No. |
Exhibit |
|
---|---|---|
10.1 | Amendment No. 7 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2005, among Financial Security Assurance Inc., the additional borrowers party thereto, various banks, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and The Bank of New York, as agent. | |
10.2 |
Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 30, 2005, among Financial Security Assurance Inc., FSA Insurance Company, the Banks party thereto from time to time and Bayerische Landesbank, acting through its New York Branch, as Agent. |
|
10.3 |
|
Form of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. Agreement Evidencing an Award of Performance Shares. (Previously filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission File No. 1-12644) dated February 16, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.) |
10.4 |
|
Form of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. Agreement Evidencing an Award of Dexia Restricted Stock. |
31.1 |
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
31.2 |
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
32.1 |
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
32.2 |
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
|
99.1 |
Condensed consolidated financial statements of Financial Security Assurance Inc. for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. |
33