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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2004

Commission File No. 0-15886

THE NAVIGATORS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of the Registrant as specified in its charter)

Company's telephone number, including area code: (212) 244-2333

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.10 Par Value

                                                                                                               (Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ý    No o

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2004 was $254,580,000.

The number of common shares outstanding as of February 15, 2005 was 12,670,536.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

    Portions of the Company's 2005 Proxy Statement are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this Form 10-K.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Note on Forward-Looking Statements

    Some of the statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Whenever used in this report, the words "estimate", "expect", "believe" or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are derived from information that we currently have and assumptions that we make. We cannot assure that anticipated results will be achieved, since results may differ materially because of both known and unknown risks and uncertainties which we face. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of this Form 10-K as well as:

•

the effects of domestic and foreign economic conditions, and conditions which affect the market for property and casualty insurance;



•

changes in the laws, rules and regulations which apply to our insurance companies;



•

the effects of emerging claim and coverage issues on our business, including adverse judicial or regulatory decisions and rulings;



•

the effects of competition from banks, other insurers and the trend toward self-insurance;



•

risks that we face in entering new markets and diversifying the products and services we offer;



•

unexpected turnover of our professional staff;



•

changing legal and social trends and inherent uncertainties in the loss estimation process that can adversely impact the adequacy of loss reserves and the allowance for reinsurance recoverables, including our estimates relating to ultimate asbestos and environmental liabilities and related reinsurance recoverables;



•

risks associated with our continuing ability to obtain reinsurance covering our exposures at appropriate prices and/or in sufficient amounts and the related recoverability of our reinsured losses;



•

weather-related events and other catastrophes (including acts of terrorism) impacting our insureds and/or reinsurers;



•

our ability to attain adequate prices, obtain new business and to retain existing business consistent with our expectations;



•

the possibility of downgrades in our claims-paying and financial strength ratings significantly adversely affecting us, including reducing the number of insurance policies we write generally, or causing clients who require an insurer with a certain rating level to use higher-rated insurers;



•

the inability of our internal control framework to provide absolute assurance that all incidents of fraud or unintended material errors will be detected and prevented;



•

the risk that our investment portfolio suffers reduced returns or investment losses which could reduce our profitability; and



•

other risks that we identify in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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    In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, any forward-looking events discussed in this Form 10-K may not occur. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their respective dates.

    The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations contained herein should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes which appear elsewhere in this Form 10-K. It contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see "Note on Forward-Looking Statements" for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Part I

Item 1. BUSINESS

General

    The accompanying consolidated financial statements consisting of the accounts of The Navigators Group, Inc., a Delaware holding company established in 1982, and its wholly owned subsidiaries are prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The Company consists of insurance company operations, insurance underwriting agencies and operations at Lloyd's of London. The terms "we", "us", "our" and "the Company" as used herein mean The Navigators Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. The term "Parent" or "Parent Company" is used to mean The Navigators Group, Inc. without its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

    We are an international insurance holding company focusing on specialty products for niches within the overall property/casualty insurance market. Our largest product line and most long-standing area of specialization is marine insurance. We have also developed specialty niches in professional liability insurance, and in specialty liability insurance primarily consisting of contractors' liability coverages. We conduct operations through our insurance company subsidiaries, five wholly owned underwriting agencies (the "Navigators Agencies") and our operations at Lloyd's of London (the "Lloyd's Operations"). Our insurance company subsidiaries consist of Navigators Insurance Company, which includes a United Kingdom Branch ("UK Branch"), and NIC Insurance Company, which writes excess and surplus lines (collectively referred to as the "Insurance Companies"). The Navigators Agencies consist of five wholly-owned insurance underwriting agencies which produce business for our insurance subsidiaries. Our Lloyd's Operations include Navigators Underwriting Agency Ltd. ("NUAL"), a Lloyd's of London ("Lloyd's") marine underwriting agency which manages Lloyd's Syndicate 1221. We participate in the capacity of Syndicate 1221 through two wholly-owned Lloyd's corporate members.

Marine Insurance

    Our marine insurance business is conducted both through our Insurance Companies and our Lloyd's Operations. Navigators Insurance Company obtains marine business through participation with other unaffiliated insurers in a marine insurance pool managed by the Navigators Agencies. Navigators Insurance Company has participated in this marine insurance pool since 1983, when the company was formed. The composition of the pool and the level of participation of each member changes from time to time. Navigators Insurance Company's net participation in the marine pool for 2004 was 80% and will increase to 85% in 2005. Navigators Insurance Company had a 70% participation in the marine pool for 2003 until it consummated a commutation agreement with one of the pool members, which retroactively increased its participation in the pool for 2003 to 80%. Somerset Insurance Ltd., a Bermuda corporation of which our Chairman and a member of his family own, in the aggregate, 98% of the outstanding voting stock, continued to reinsure the portion of the amount commuted that it previously

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reinsured. This portion constituted approximately 3.1% of Navigators Insurance Company's participation in the pool for the 2003 underwriting year which amounted to $2.3 million of gross written premium. Somerset Insurance Ltd. did not provide reinsurance to the Company for the 2004 underwriting year. Net recoverable balances due to Navigators Insurance Company from Somerset Insurance Ltd. at December 31, 2003 of $3.5 million were fully collateralized by a funded trust account held by an independent third party. These liabilities, including IBNR, were commuted back to Navigators Insurance Company in December 2004 at 100% of their recorded value of approximately $3.0 million. No gain or loss was recorded on the commutation. Navigators Insurance Company's participation in the 2002 marine pool was 75%.

    Within Navigators Insurance Company's marine business, there are a number of different product lines. The largest is marine liability, which protects business from liability to third parties for bodily injury or property damage stemming from their marine-related operations, such as terminals, marinas and stevedoring. We insure the physical damage to offshore oil platforms along with other offshore operations related to oil exploration and production. Another significant product line is bluewater hull, which provides coverage to the owners of ocean-going vessels against physical damage to the vessels. We also underwrite insurance for harbor craft and other small craft such as fishing vessels, providing physical damage and third party liability coverage. We underwrite cargo insurance, which provides coverage for physical damages to goods in the course of transit, whether by water, air or land.

    During 2004, our UK Branch commenced writing primary marine P&I, or protection and indemnity business. This complements our marine liability business, which is generally written above the primary layer on an excess basis.

    The Navigators Agencies generally received management fee commissions equal to 7.5% of the gross premium earned on marine insurance and are entitled to receive a 20% profit commission on the net underwriting profits of the pool. The Navigators Agencies will receive management fee commissions equal to 8.75% of the gross premium earned on marine insurance written by the pool for the 2005 underwriting year. The Navigators Agencies' offices writing marine business are located in major insurance or port locations in Chicago, Houston, London, New York, San Francisco and Seattle.

    We participate in the marine and related insurance lines of the Lloyd's market through NUAL, which manages Lloyd's Syndicate 1221. The majority of Lloyd's Syndicate 1221's capacity is provided by Millennium Underwriting Ltd. and Navigators Corporate Underwriters Ltd., which are wholly owned subsidiaries of NUAL. We provided 97.4%, 97.4% and 68.1% of Syndicate 1221's capacity for the 2004, 2003 and 2002 underwriting years, respectively. Navigators Insurance Company reinsured 15.4% of our Syndicate 1221 2003 underwriting year capacity through the utilization of quota share retrocession agreements with third party reinsurers who provide letters of credit used as collateral at Lloyd's. Our share of the premiums, losses and expenses from Lloyd's Syndicate 1221 is included in our consolidated results. The largest product line within our Lloyd's marine business is currently cargo, and the other significant product lines include marine liability, offshore energy, bluewater hull, and assumed reinsurance of other marine insurers on an excess of loss basis. We also developed a regional agency operation, Navigators Underwriting Limited (formerly Pennine Underwriting Limited), that generates cargo and engineering business in the Manchester, Leeds and Basingstoke areas of the United Kingdom, which are not traditionally served by Lloyd's of London.

    We will provide 97.5% of Syndicate 1221's capacity in 2005 through Millennium Underwriting Ltd. and Navigators Corporate Underwriters Ltd. Also, in January 2005, we formed Navigators NV, a subsidiary of NUAL. Navigators NV is located in Antwerp, Belgium, and will write transport liability, cargo and marine liability business on behalf of Syndicate 1221.

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Specialty

    Navigators Specialty, a division of one of the Navigators Agencies, was acquired in 1999 and primarily writes general liability insurance focusing on small general and artisan contractors and other targeted commercial risks, mostly in California. We have developed underwriting and claims expertise in this niche which we believe has allowed us to minimize our exposure to many of the large losses sustained in the past several years by other insurers, including losses stemming from coverages provided to larger contractors who work on condominiums, cooperative developments and other large housing developments. Many former competitors that lacked the expertise to selectively underwrite in this niche have been forced to withdraw from the market in the past several years, at a time when demand for coverage has remained, giving us the opportunity to selectively expand our underwriting in this area. As part of assessing the profit potential of our various lines of business, as well as the overall amount of business that we are prepared to write in this specific line, in early 2003 we began to reduce the number of policies covering small artisan contractors and continue to redirect our capacity to general contractors as well as to medium-sized artisan contractors. This shift in our business mix is consistent with our approach of emphasizing underwriting profit over market share.

    In late 2002, Navigators Specialty began to write commercial multiple peril and commercial automobile insurance business from our Midwest office. Our commercial multi-peril products include general liability and a small amount of property insurance. We do not underwrite workers compensation coverage. We generally avoid writing property risks in areas with high exposure to earthquake or windstorm losses, such as California and Florida. In 2002, we also began underwriting personal umbrella insurance. This product is typically purchased by individuals who seek higher limits of liability than are provided in their homeowners or personal automobile policies. When personal umbrella coverage is desired and these two primary coverages are placed with different insurers, there is a need to place the personal umbrella insurance policy on a stand-alone basis. At the end of 2004, we hired a small team of experienced underwriters to target excess casualty, and commercial and personal umbrella business for Navigators Insurance Company.

    Beginning in late 2002, Navigators Specialty also began producing surety business from our Midwest office. Surety bonds guarantee the performance of a specific contractual or statutory obligation, such as completion of a contractor's work on a publicly funded project. Our surety focus was providing bid, performance and payment bonds for small to medium size contractors generally requiring bonds for individual projects of $2 million or less. In addition, we wrote surety bonds to guarantee obligations outside of the construction industry, such as travel agents' bonds, property brokers' bonds, notary bonds, miscellaneous bonds, and license and permit bonds. During 2004, the Company's gross written premium for surety business approximated $5 million. Commencing in March 2005, the Company discontinued its surety business unit given the competitive market conditions and current inability to purchase cost-effective reinsurance protection.

Professional Liability

    We commenced underwriting professional liability insurance in the fourth quarter of 2001 after attracting a team of experienced professionals. This business is produced through Navigators Pro, a division of one of the Navigators Agencies. We believe that a compelling market opportunity exists in this line due to solid demand for directors and officers liability insurance from independent board members serving as directors of publicly traded corporations resulting from their increased exposure after the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This has led to increased class action litigation activity involving potential large losses related to alleged mismanagement by directors and officers. Our principal product in this division is directors and officers liability, which we offer for both privately held and small to mid-size publicly traded corporations. With respect to public corporations, we currently target corporations with a market capitalization of $2 billion or less for this business. In

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addition, we provide fiduciary liability and crime insurance to our directors and officers liability clients. In 2002, we began offering employment practices liability, lawyers professional liability and miscellaneous professional liability coverages. Our current target market for lawyers professional liability is law firms comprised of 150 or fewer attorneys. Commencing in October 2004, our UK Branch began writing professional liability coverages for U.K. solicitors. Beginning in 2005, we commenced writing professional liability coverages for architects and engineers. We anticipate developing additional new coverages for professionals in 2005.

Engineering and Construction

    The Lloyd's Operations write engineering and construction business consisting of coverage for construction projects including damage to machinery and equipment and loss of use due to delays. We believe this coverage, together with the cargo coverage provided through our Lloyd's Operations marine business, provides our policyholders with risk management protection for key exposures throughout a project's construction and operation.

Onshore Energy

    The Lloyd's Operations also write onshore energy insurance which principally focuses on the oil and gas, chemical and petrochemical industries with coverages primarily for property damage and business interruption.

Reinsurance Ceded

    We utilize reinsurance principally to reduce our exposure on individual risks, to protect against catastrophic losses, to maintain desired ratios of net written premium to statutory surplus and to stabilize loss ratios and underwriting results. The purchase of reinsurance does not discharge us, the original insurer, from our primary liability to the policyholder. We are required to pay the losses even if the reinsurer fails to meet its obligations under the reinsurance agreement.

    We are protected by various treaty and facultative reinsurance agreements. Our exposure to credit risk from any one reinsurer is managed through diversification by reinsuring with a number of different reinsurers, principally in the United States and European reinsurance markets. To meet our standards of acceptability, when the reinsurance is placed, a reinsurer generally must have an A.M. Best Company and/or Standard & Poor's rating of "A" or better, or equivalent financial strength if not rated, plus at least $250 million in policyholders' surplus. Our Reinsurance Security Committee monitors the financial strength of our reinsurers and the related reinsurance receivables and periodically reviews the list of acceptable reinsurers. The reinsurance is placed either directly by us or through reinsurance intermediaries. The reinsurance intermediaries are compensated by the reinsurers.

    An allowance for doubtful recoveries is maintained for any amounts considered to be uncollectible. At December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, we had allowances for uncollectible reinsurance of $32,439,000, $33,068,000 and $8,534,000, respectively. The 2003 allowance included $25,700,000 for uncollectible reinsurance as a result of loss reserves established for asbestos exposures on marine and aviation business written mostly prior to 1986. Charges for uncollectible reinsurance amounts, all of which were recorded to incurred losses, were $1,959,000, $27,551,000 and $1,632,000 for 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

    The following table lists our 20 largest reinsurers measured by the amount of reinsurance recoverable for ceded paid and unpaid losses and loss adjustment expense and ceded unearned premium (constituting approximately 77% of the Company's

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total recoverables) together with the collateral held by the Company at December 31, 2004, and the reinsurers' financial strength rating from the indicated rating agency:

(1)

Collateral includes letters of credit, ceded balances payable and other balances held by the Company.

(2)

A.M. Best

(3)

Standard & Poor's

Loss Reserves

    Insurance companies and Lloyd's syndicates are required to maintain reserves for unpaid losses and unpaid loss adjustment expenses for all lines of business. Loss reserves consist of both reserves for reported claims, known as case reserves, and reserves for losses that have occurred but have not yet been reported, known as incurred but not reported losses ("IBNR"). These reserves are intended to cover the probable ultimate cost of settling all losses incurred and unpaid, including those incurred but not reported. The determination of reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE") for insurance companies such as

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Navigators Insurance Company and NIC Insurance Company, and Lloyd's corporate members such as Navigators Corporate Underwriters Ltd. and Millennium Underwriting Ltd., is dependent upon the receipt of information from insureds, brokers, agents or the pools and syndicates in which such companies participate. Generally, there is a lag between the time premiums are written and related losses and loss adjustment expenses are incurred, and the time such events are reported to the pools and syndicates and, subsequently, to Navigators Insurance Company, NIC Insurance Company, Navigators Corporate Underwriters Ltd. and Millennium Underwriting Ltd.

    Loss reserves are established by our Insurance Companies and Lloyd's Syndicate 1221 for reported claims when notice of the claim is first received. Reserves for such reported claims are established on a case-by-case basis by evaluating several factors, including the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding such claim, severity of injury or damage, the potential for ultimate exposure, experience with the insured and the broker on the line of business, and the policy provisions relating to the type of claim. Reserves for incurred but not reported losses ("IBNR") are determined in part on the basis of statistical information, in part on the basis of industry experience and in part on the basis of the judgment of our senior corporate officers. To the extent that reserves are deficient or redundant, the amount of such deficiency or redundancy is treated as a charge or credit to earnings in the period in which the deficiency or redundancy is identified.

    Loss reserves are estimates of what the insurer or reinsurer expects to pay on claims, based on facts and circumstances then known. It is possible that the ultimate liability may exceed or be less than such estimates. In setting our loss reserve estimates, we review statistical data covering several years, analyze patterns by line of business and consider several factors including trends in claims frequency and severity, changes in operations, emerging economic and social trends, inflation and changes in the regulatory and litigation environment. Based on this review, we make a best estimate of our ultimate liability. We do not establish a range of loss estimates around the best estimate we use to establish our reserves and loss adjustment expenses. During the loss settlement period, which, in some cases, may last several years, additional facts regarding individual claims may become known and, accordingly, it often becomes necessary to refine and adjust the estimates of liability on a claim upward or downward. Such estimates are regularly reviewed and updated and any resulting adjustments are included in the current year's income statement. Even then, the ultimate liability may exceed or be less than the revised estimates. The reserving process is intended to provide implicit recognition of the impact of inflation and other factors affecting loss payments by taking into account changes in historical payment patterns and perceived probable trends. There is generally no precise method for the subsequent evaluation of the adequacy of the consideration given to inflation, or to any other specific factor, because the eventual deficiency or redundancy of reserves is affected by many factors, some of which are interdependent.

    Another factor related to reserve development is that we record those premiums which are reported to us through the end of each calendar year and accrue estimates for premiums and loss reserves where there is a time lag between when the policy is bound and the recording of the policy. A substantial portion of the estimated premium is from international business where there can be significant time lags. To the extent that the actual premium varies from estimates, the difference, along with the related loss reserves, is recorded in current operations.

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    The following table presents an analysis of losses and loss adjustment expenses for each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004:

    The segment breakdown of prior year reserve deficiency (redundancy) was as follows:

    The $2.8 million deficiency recorded in 2004 for claims occurring in prior years for the Insurance Companies includes deficiencies of approximately $4.8 million for marine business, $2.3 million for specialty business and $0.7 million for run-off business, partially offset by $2.8 million of prior year savings for professional liability business and $2.2 million for business assumed from our Lloyd's Operations.

    The $61.5 million deficiency recorded in 2003 for claims occurring in prior years for the Insurance Companies includes a deficiency of approximately $32.5 million recorded for asbestos and environmental exposures (consisting of $31.1 million in marine business and $1.4 million in run-off business), as well as deficiencies for other exposures of $22.2 million recorded for specialty business (mostly for our California contractors liability business), approximately $4.0 million for marine business and $2.8 million for other run-off business. The additional asbestos and environmental reserves include $25.7 million of uncollectible reinsurance.

    Approximately $6.7 million of the $7.0 million deficiency recorded in 2002 related to the Insurance Companies, and resulted from adverse development in our specialty business, predominantly from our California contractors' liability business.

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    The following table presents the development of the loss and LAE reserves for 1994 through 2004. The line "Net reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses" reflects the net reserves at the balance sheet date for each of the indicated years and represents the estimated amount of losses and loss adjustment expenses arising in all prior years that are unpaid at the balance sheet date. The "Reserves re-estimated" lines of the table reflect the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded reserves based on experience as of the end of each succeeding year. The estimate changes as more information becomes known about the frequency and severity of claims for individual years. The "Cumulative redundancy (deficiency)" lines of the table reflect the cumulative amounts developed as of successive years with respect to the aforementioned reserve liability. The cumulative redundancy or deficiency represents the aggregate change in the estimates over all prior years.

    The table allocates losses and loss adjustment expenses reported and recorded in subsequent years to all prior years starting with the year in which the loss was incurred. For example, assume that a loss occurred in 1995 and was not reported until 1997, the amount of such loss will appear as a deficiency in both 1995 and 1996. Conditions and trends that have affected development of the liability in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it may not be appropriate to extrapolate future redundancies or deficiencies based on the table.

    As part of our risk management process, we purchase reinsurance to limit our liability on individual risks and to protect against catastrophic loss. We purchase both quota share reinsurance and excess of loss reinsurance. Quota share reinsurance is often utilized on the lower layers of risk and excess of loss reinsurance is used above the quota share reinsurance to limit our net retention per risk. Net retention means the amount of losses that we keep for our own account. Once our initial reserve is established and our net retention is exceeded, any adverse development will directly affect the gross loss reserve, but would generally have no impact on our net retained loss. Generally our limits of exposure are known with greater certainty when estimating our net loss versus our gross loss. This situation tends to create greater volatility in the deficiencies and redundancies of the gross reserves as compared to the net reserves.

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    The following tables identify the approximate gross and net cumulative redundancy (deficiency) for the Insurance Companies and Lloyd's Operations contained in the preceding ten year table:

Gross Cumulative Redundancy (Deficiency)

(1)

Asbestos & Environmental

Net Cumulative Redundancy (Deficiency)

(1)

Asbestos & Environmental

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    The 2003 consolidated grand total gross and net cumulative reserve redundancies of $13.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively, were generated mostly from the marine and energy business written by the Lloyd's Operations.

    The 2002 consolidated grand total gross and net cumulative reserve deficiencies of $144.2 million and $64.0 million, respectively, were generated mostly from reserve actions taken in the 2003 fourth quarter for Navigators Insurance Companies as follows:

Gross and net asbestos loss reserves were increased $77.6 million and $31.6 million, respectively as a result of a review of asbestos exposures conducted by the Company as discussed under the caption: "Asbestos and Environmental Liability" below. Such cumulative gross and net deficiency amounts are also contained in all years prior to 2002 in the above table since the increased reserves relate primarily to policies underwritten by Navigators Agencies in the late 1970's and first half of the 1980's.

Gross and net Specialty Liability business reserves were increased by $52.3 million and $22.2 million, respectively, mostly for our California contractors liability business written during 1999 to 2002 in reaction to loss development trends for those years. Such amounts are contained in the Insurance Companies `All Other' column. Approximately $39.5 million, $24.9 million and $16.7 million of the gross specialty reserve increase and $20.7 million, $12.4 million and $9.4 million of the net specialty reserve increase recorded in 2003 are contained, respectively, in the 2001, 2000 and 1999 cumulative amounts in the above table in the Insurance Companies `All Other' column.

    The remaining gross and net cumulative reserve deficiency for the Insurance Companies in the `All Other' column for the years 2002 through 2000 is mostly from the marine and run-off lines of business recorded over several years that was not related to any specific reserve action.

    The 2000 Lloyd's Operations gross and net cumulative reserve deficiency of $30.5 million and $15.0 million, respectively, resulted from our Lloyd's Operations establishing reserves against premiums from prior years which were received in excess of our original premium estimates and strengthening the Lloyd's reserves related to the 1999 underwriting year. Such amounts also affected the 1999 and 1998 year-end reserves for the Lloyd's Operations in the above table.

    The 1997 gross cumulative deficiency of $14.2 million for the Insurance Companies in the `All Other' column mostly resulted from adverse development in the onshore energy business and from one large 1989 claim from a run-off book of business which also adversely affected the years prior to 1997.

    The 1995 and 1994 gross cumulative deficiencies of $8.8 million and $21.9 million, respectively, for the Insurance Companies in the `All Other' column resulted primarily from the 1994 Northridge earthquake loss, the 1989 Exxon Valdez loss and a large marine liability claim reported in 1999 affecting years 1994 through 1998.

    For each of the years 1999 through 1994, exclusive of the 2003 asbestos and environmental reserves strengthening, the Company experienced net cumulative reserve redundancies on a consolidated basis principally due to favorable development from marine business.

    The adverse development on our gross reserves has mostly been ceded to our excess of loss reinsurance treaties. As a result of these reinsurance arrangements, while our gross losses and related reserve deficiencies and redundancies are very sensitive to adverse developments such as those described above, our net losses and related reserve deficiencies and redundancies tend to be less sensitive to such developments.

    Our loss reserves include amounts related to short tail and long tail classes of business. Short tail business refers to claims that are generally reported quickly upon occurrence of an event, making estimation of loss reserves less complex. Our longer tail

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business includes our specialty liability and professional liability insurance. For the long tail lines, significant periods of time, ranging up to several years or more, may elapse between the occurrence of the loss, the reporting of the loss and the settlement of the claim. Generally, the longer the time span between the incidence of a loss and the settlement of the claim, the more likely the ultimate settlement amount will vary from the original estimate.

    Specialty Liability and Professional Liability.    Substantially all of our specialty liability business involves general liability policies which generate third party liability claims that are long tail in nature. A significant portion of our general liability reserves relate to California construction defect claims. Reserves and claim frequency on this business may be impacted by legislation implemented in California, which generally provides consumers who experience construction defects a method other than litigation to obtain construction defect repairs. The law, which became effective July 1, 2002 with a sunset provision effective January 1, 2011, provides for an alternative dispute resolution system that attempts to involve all parties to the claim at an early stage. This legislation may impact claim severity, frequency and length of settlement assumptions underlying our reserves. Accordingly, our ultimate liability may exceed or be less than current estimates due to this variable, among others. We had 1,028 open claims on our specialty construction liability policies at December 31, 2004 compared to 1,029 at December 31, 2003. There were 1,387 new claims reported during 2004 compared to 1,389 new claims reported during 2003.

    The professional liability class generates third party claims, which also are longer tail in nature. The professional liability policies provide coverage on a claims-made basis, whereby coverage is generally provided only for those claims that are made during the policy period. These claims many times involve a lengthy litigation period after being reported. Our professional liability business is relatively immature, as we first began writing the business in late 2001. Accordingly, it will take some time to better understand the reserve trends on this business. Our professional liability loss estimates are based on expected losses, actual reported losses, evaluation of loss trends, industry data, and the legal, regulatory and current risk environment because anticipated loss experience in this area is less predictable due to the small number of claims and/or erratic claim severity patterns. We believe that we have made a reasonable estimate of the required loss reserves for professional liability. The expected ultimate losses may be adjusted up or down as the accident years mature. We had 337 open claims on our professional liability policies at December 31, 2004 compared to 134 at December 31, 2003. There were 271 new claims reported during 2004 compared to 185 new claims reported during 2003.

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    The following tables set forth our net loss and LAE loss reserves for our specialty liability and professional liability businesses for the periods indicated:

    Asbestos and Environmental Liability.    Our exposure to asbestos and environmental liability principally stems from marine liability insurance written on an occurrence basis during the mid-1980s. In general, our participation on such risks is in the excess layers, which requires the underlying coverage to be exhausted prior to coverage being triggered in our layer. In many instances we are one of many insurers who participate in the defense and ultimate settlement of these claims, and we are generally a minor participant in the overall insurance coverage and settlement. Further, since most of our policies were issued after the industry was apprised of asbestos exposures, many of the policies on which we participate have exclusions that may preclude coverage. In addition, many of our asbestos and environmental claims have been inactive for several years.

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    The following tables set forth our gross and net loss and LAE reserves, and claim counts for our asbestos and environmental exposures, which we believe are subject to uncertainties greater than those presented by other types of claims:

*

Includes a charge for uncollectible reinsurance of approximately $25.7 million in the 2003 fourth quarter.

    In the fourth quarter of 2003, Navigators Insurance Company increased its gross and net asbestos reserves for losses by $77.6 million and $31.6 million, respectively. As a result, gross and net incurred losses increased by the amount of the respective reserve increase. The $31.6 million of net asbestos losses includes $25.7 million of uncollectible reinsurance.

    The reserve action was the result of a review of asbestos-related exposures conducted by the Company. The Company's management was notified in late January 2004 that an asbestos claim for an insured would likely have to be settled for a significantly greater amount than previously anticipated. As a result of the unexpected adverse development on this individual claim, the Company retained a leading independent consulting firm in this area to assist in the identification of its potential exposure to asbestos claims from policies written directly for an insured as well as those reinsured to Navigators Insurance Company from prior members of the Company's insurance pools. The Company's increased reserves relate primarily to policies underwritten by the Navigators Agencies in the late 1970's and first half of the 1980's on behalf of members of the pool, consisting of excess liability on marine related business and aviation products liability, including policies subsequently assumed by Navigators Insurance Company pursuant to reinsurance arrangements with pool members who exited the pool. Following the Company's and the independent consulting firm's review, the Company increased its gross and net loss reserves for asbestos exposure to $78.5 million and $32.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2003. Generally, the reserves established were

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for: (i) estimated losses for excess insurance policy limits exposed to class actions suits against four insureds involved in the manufacturing or distribution of asbestos products; (ii) other insureds not directly involved in the manufacturing or distribution of asbestos products, but that have more than incidental asbestos exposure for their purchase or use of products that contained asbestos; and (iii) attritional asbestos claims that could be expected to occur over time.

    Loss development for asbestos related exposures in 2004 was not significant. During 2004 one of our four large claims for excess insurance policy limits exposed to class action suits was settled within amounts reserved and one other such claim settled below our layer of coverage. Loss development activity for environmental losses generally consisted of oil spill claims on marine liability policies written in the ordinary course of business.

    Management believes that the reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses are adequate to cover the ultimate cost of losses and loss adjustment expenses on reported and unreported claims. We continue to review all of our loss reserves, including our asbestos reserves, on a regular basis.

    Additional information regarding our loss reserves can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations and Overview—Operating Expenses—Net Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses Incurred," "Business—Reserves," and Note 6 to our consolidated audited financial statements, all of which are included herein.

Investments

    The objective of the Company's investment policy, guidelines and strategy is to maximize total investment return in the context of preserving and enhancing shareholder value and statutory surplus of the insurance company subsidiaries. Secondarily, an important consideration is to optimize the after-tax book income.

    The investments are managed by outside professional fixed-income and equity portfolio managers. The Company seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in cash equivalents and money market funds, municipal bonds, U.S. Government bonds, U.S. Government guaranteed and U.S. Federal Agency securities, corporate bonds, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and common and preferred stocks. Our investment guidelines require that the amount of the consolidated fixed-income portfolio rated below "A-" by Standard & Poor's ("S&P") or A3 by Moody's shall not exceed 20% of the statutory surplus of the Insurance Companies. Securities rated below BBB- by S&P or Baa3 by Moody's are not eligible to be purchased. Up to 15% of the statutory surplus of the Insurance Companies may be invested in equity securities that are actively traded on major U.S. stock exchanges. Our investment guidelines prohibit investments in derivatives other than as a hedge against foreign currency exposures or the writing of covered call options on the equity portfolio.

    Our insurance company subsidiaries' investments are subject to the direction and control of their respective boards of directors and our finance committee. The investment portfolio and the performance of the investment managers are reviewed quarterly. These investments must comply with the insurance laws of New York State, the domiciliary state of Navigators Insurance Company and NIC Insurance Company. These laws prescribe the type, quality and concentration of investments which may be made by insurance companies. In general, these laws permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks, real estate mortgages and real estate.

    The Lloyd's Operations' investments are subject to the direction and control of the board of directors and the investment committee of NUAL, as well as the board of directors and finance committee of the Company, and represent our share of the

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investments held by Syndicate 1221. These investments must comply with the rules and regulations imposed by Lloyd's and by certain overseas regulators. The investment portfolio and the performance of the investment managers are reviewed quarterly.

    The majority of the investment income of the Navigators Agencies is derived from fiduciary funds invested in accordance with the guidelines of various state insurance departments. These guidelines typically require investments in short-term instruments. This investment income is paid to the members of the marine pool, including Navigators Insurance Company.

    The table set forth below reflects investments, the net investment income earned thereon and the related average yield for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2004:

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    All fixed maturity and equity securities are carried at fair value. The fair value is based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes provided by independent pricing services. The following tables show our cash and investments as of December 31, 2004 and 2003: