UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 1-11840
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State of Incorporation) |
36-3871531 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
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2775 Sanders Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (847) 402-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class on which registered |
Name of each exchange |
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Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes ý No o
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2004, was approximately $32.09 billion.
As of January 31, 2005, the registrant had 679,207,158 shares of common stock outstanding.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Portions of the following documents are incorporated herein by reference as follows:
Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its annual stockholders meeting to be held on May 17, 2005 (the "Proxy Statement") to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.
Table of Contents
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Page |
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PART I | |||
Item 1. Business | 1 | ||
Goal | 1 | ||
Allstate Protection Segment | 2 | ||
Allstate Financial Segment | 4 | ||
Other Business Segments | 7 | ||
Reserve for Property-Liability Claims and Claims Expense | 7 | ||
Regulation | 12 | ||
Internet Website | 16 | ||
Other Information about Allstate | 16 | ||
Executive Officers | 17 | ||
Item 2. Properties | 18 | ||
Item 3. Legal Proceedings | 18 | ||
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 18 | ||
PART II | |||
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholders Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 19 | ||
Item 6. Selected Financial Data | 21 | ||
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22 | ||
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 110 | ||
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 110 | ||
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 188 | ||
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures | 188 | ||
Item 9B Other Information | 188 | ||
PART III | |||
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant | 190 | ||
Item 11. Executive Compensation | 190 | ||
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 190 | ||
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | 191 | ||
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 191 | ||
PART IV | |||
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 192 | ||
Signatures | 196 | ||
Financial Statement Schedules | S-1 |
Item 1. Business
The Allstate Corporation was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on November 5, 1992 to serve as the holding company for Allstate Insurance Company. Its business is conducted principally through Allstate Insurance Company, Allstate Life Insurance Company and their affiliates (collectively, including The Allstate Corporation, "Allstate"). Allstate is engaged in the personal property and casualty insurance business and the life insurance, retirement and investment products business. It conducts its business primarily in the United States.
The Allstate Corporation is the largest publicly held personal lines insurer in the United States. Widely known through the "You're In Good Hands With Allstate®" slogan, Allstate provides insurance products to more than 16 million households and has approximately 13,600 exclusive agencies and exclusive financial specialists in the United States and Canada. Allstate is the second-largest personal property and casualty insurer in the United States on the basis of 2003 statutory premiums earned. In addition, it is the nation's 12th largest life insurance business on the basis of 2003 ordinary life insurance in force and 19th largest on the basis of 2003 statutory admitted assets.
Allstate has four business segments:
Allstate Protection | Discontinued Lines and Coverages | |
Allstate Financial | Corporate and Other |
In this annual report on Form 10-K, we occasionally refer to statutory financial information that has been prepared in accordance with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") Accounting Practices and Procedure Manual. All domestic U.S. insurance companies are required to prepare statutory-basis financial statements in accordance with the Manual. As a result, industry data is available on a widespread basis that enables comparisons between insurance companies, including competitors that are not subject to the requirement to publish financial statements on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"). We frequently use industry publications containing statutory financial information to assess our competitive position.
Allstate's goal is to become better, bigger and broader in personal property and casualty insurance and in life insurance, retirement and investment products.
To achieve this goal, Allstate will help customers feel better protected today and better prepared for tomorrow by delivering on the Good Hands® Promise. The Good Hands Promise is made up of five planks that reflect what Allstate stands for:
In pursuit of our goal to become better, bigger and broader, we intend to maintain discipline in pricing, underwriting, capital, expense and risk management in order to create long-term shareholder value. We may also engage in selective business start-ups, acquisitions and alliances.
1
ALLSTATE PROTECTION SEGMENT
Products and Distribution
Our Allstate Protection segment accounted for 93% of Allstate's 2004 consolidated insurance premiums and contract charges. In this segment, we sell principally private passenger auto and homeowners insurance, primarily through agencies. These products are marketed under the Allstate, EncompassSM and Deerbrook® brand names.
Allstate brand auto and homeowners insurance products are sold primarily through Allstate exclusive agencies and, to a lesser extent, through independent agencies in areas not served by exclusive agencies. Encompass brand auto and homeowners insurance products as well as Deerbrook brand auto insurance products are sold through independent agencies.
In states where we have implemented The Good Hands® Network, consumers can also purchase certain Allstate brand personal insurance products and obtain service through our Customer Information Centers and, in many of those states, over the Internet.
Our broad-based network of approximately 11,900 Allstate exclusive agencies in approximately 10,400 locations in the U.S. produced approximately 80% of the Allstate Protection segment's written premiums in 2004. The rest was generated primarily by approximately 13,700 independent agencies. We are among the five largest providers of personal property and casualty insurance products through independent agencies in the United States, based on statutory written premium information published by A.M. Best for 2003 and our analysis of publicly available GAAP financial statements of our principal competitors in the independent agency channel.
We also sell a variety of other personal property and casualty insurance products, including landlords, personal umbrella, renters, condominium, residential fire, manufactured housing, boat owners and selected commercial property and casualty and we participate in the "involuntary" or "shared" private passenger auto insurance business in order to maintain our licenses to do business in many states. Through Allstate Motor Club, Inc. we also provide travel plans and emergency road service.
Competition
The markets for personal private passenger auto and homeowners insurance are highly competitive. The following charts provide the market shares of our principal competitors in the U.S. by direct written premium for the year ended December 31, 2003 (the most recent date such competitive information is available) according to A. M. Best.
Private Passenger Auto Insurance |
Homeowners Insurance |
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Insurer |
Market Share |
Insurer |
Market Share |
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State Farm | 19.4 | % | State Farm | 22.8 | % | ||
Allstate* | 10.9 | % | Allstate* | 12.2 | % | ||
Progressive | 6.7 | % | Farmers | 7.7 | % | ||
Farmers | 5.0 | % | Nationwide | 4.7 | % | ||
Geico | 5.0 | % | USAA | 3.7 | % | ||
Nationwide | 4.7 | % | Travelers | 3.6 | % |
In the personal property and casualty insurance market, we compete principally on the basis of the recognition of our brands, the scope of our distribution system, price, the breadth of our product offerings, product features, customer service, claim handling, and use of technology. In addition, our proprietary database of underwriting and pricing experience enables Allstate to use "tiered pricing," to divide the market into segments, to appropriately price risks and to cross sell products within our
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customer base. "Tiered pricing" is the term that we use to describe our sophisticated process for segmenting a market.
Tiered pricing and related underwriting and marketing programs use a number of risk evaluation factors. For auto insurance these factors include, to the extent legally permissible, loss history, driving record, car year and make, marital status, and insurance scoring based on credit report information. For property insurance these factors include, to the extent legally permissible, loss history, property condition, proximity to a fire department, and insurance scoring based on credit report information.
Our primary focus in using tiered pricing has been on acquiring and retaining new business. The program is designed to enhance Allstate's competitive position with respect to "high lifetime value" market segments while maintaining or improving profitability. "Lifetime value" is the discounted value of a customer's future cash flow stream. To estimate a customer's lifetime value score, we analyze characteristics about the customer (for example, age, marital status and driving record) and characteristics about the product the customer has purchased (for example, coverages, limits, and descriptors of the asset insured) on the basis of historic data patterns and trends. Because future loss and retention patterns of customers vary significantly, the distribution of lifetime values for a large group of customers will vary from very negative to very positive. "High lifetime value" generally refers to customers who potentially present favorable prospects for profitability over the course of their relationships with us.
Geographic Markets
The principal geographic markets for our auto, homeowners and other personal property and casualty products are in the United States. Through various subsidiaries, we are authorized to sell various types of personal property and casualty insurance products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. We also sell personal property and casualty insurance products in Canada through a distribution system similar to that used in the United States.
The following table reflects, in percentages, the principal geographic distribution of premiums earned for the Allstate Protection segment for the year ended December 31, 2004. No other jurisdiction accounted for more than five percent of the premiums earned for the segment.
Texas | 10.9 | % | |
California | 10.6 | % | |
New York | 10.5 | % | |
Florida | 9.7 | % |
Our underwriting strategy for homeowners insurance is to target customers whose risk of loss provides Allstate with the best opportunity for profitable growth. This includes managing exposure on policies in geographic areas where the potential loss from catastrophes exceeds acceptable levels.
Additional Information
Information regarding the last three years' revenues and income from operations attributable to the Allstate Protection segment is contained in Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 18 also includes information regarding the last three years' identifiable assets attributable to our property-liability operations, which includes our Allstate Protection segment and our Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment. Note 18 is incorporated in this Part I, Item 1 by reference.
Information regarding the amount of premium earned for Allstate Protection segment products for the last three years is set forth in Part II, Item 7Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, page 38, in the table regarding premiums earned by brand. That table is incorporated in this Part I, Item 1 by reference.
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Products and Distribution
Our Allstate Financial segment provides life insurance, retirement and investment products to individual and institutional customers. Our principal products are deferred and immediate fixed annuities, variable annuities, interest-sensitive and traditional life insurance, and supplemental accident and health insurance. Our principal institutional product is funding agreements backing medium term notes. The table on page 5 lists our major distribution channels for this segment, with the associated products and targeted customers.
As the table indicates, we sell Allstate Financial products to individuals through multiple intermediary distribution channels, including Allstate exclusive agencies, independent agents, banks, broker-dealers, and specialized structured settlement brokers. We have distribution relationships with over half of the 75 largest banks, most of the national broker-dealers, a number of regional brokerage firms and many independent broker-dealers. We sell products through independent agents affiliated with approximately 160 master brokerage agencies. Independent workplace enrolling agents and Allstate exclusive agencies also sell our supplemental accident and health insurance products to employees of small and medium size firms. We sell funding agreements to unaffiliated trusts used to back medium term notes issued to institutional and individual investors.
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Allstate Financial Distribution Channels, Products and Target Customers
Distribution Channel |
Primary Products |
Target Customers |
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Allstate exclusive agencies (Allstate Exclusive Agents and Allstate Exclusive Financial Specialists) |
Term life insurance Interest sensitive life insurance Variable life insurance Fixed annuities (deferred) Variable annuities Long-term care insurance Disability income insurance Cancer insurance Bank products (Certificates of deposit, money market accounts, savings accounts, checking accounts, first mortgage loans and home equity loans) Nonproprietary mutual funds Workplace life and supplemental accident and health insurance (Interest sensitive and term life insurance; disability income insurance; cancer, accident, critical illness and heart/stroke insurance; hospital indemnity; limited benefit medical insurance; and dental insurance) |
Moderate and middle-income consumers with retirement and family financial protection needs | ||
Independent agents (Through master brokerage agencies) |
Term life insurance Interest sensitive life insurance Variable life insurance Fixed annuities (immediate and deferred, including indexed) Variable annuities Long-term care insurance |
Affluent and middle-income consumers with retirement and family financial protection needs |
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Independent agents (As workplace enrolling agents) |
Workplace life and supplemental accident and health insurance (Interest sensitive and term life insurance; disability income insurance; cancer, accident, critical illness and heart/stroke insurance; hospital indemnity; limited benefit medical insurance; and dental insurance) |
Moderate and middle-income consumers with family financial protection needs employed by small and medium size firms |
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Banks |
Fixed annuities (deferred, including indexed) Variable annuities Single premium fixed life insurance |
Middle-income consumers with retirement needs |
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Broker-dealers |
Fixed annuities (deferred, including indexed) Variable annuities Single premium variable life insurance |
Affluent and middle-income consumers with retirement needs |
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Structured settlement annuity brokers |
Structured settlement annuities |
Typically used to fund or annuitize large claims or litigation settlements |
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Broker-dealers (Funding agreements) |
Funding agreements backing medium term notes |
Institutional and individual investors |
5
Competition
We compete principally on the basis of the scope of our distribution systems, the breadth of our product offerings, the recognition of our brands, our financial strength and ratings, our product features and prices, and the level of customer service that we provide. In addition, with respect to variable annuity and variable life insurance products in particular, we compete on the basis of the variety of fund managers and choices of funds for our separate accounts and the management and performance of those funds within our separate accounts. With regard to funding agreements, we compete principally on the basis of our financial strength and ratings.
The market for life insurance, retirement and investment products continues to be highly fragmented and competitive. As of December 31, 2004, there were approximately 770 groups of life insurance companies in the United States, most of which offered one or more similar products. Based on information contained in statements filed with state insurance departments, as of December 31, 2003, the Allstate Financial segment ranked 12th based on ordinary life insurance in force and 19th based on statutory admitted assets. In addition, because many of these products include a savings or investment component, our competition includes domestic and foreign securities firms, investment advisors, mutual funds, banks and other financial institutions. Competitive pressure is growing due to several factors, including cross marketing alliances between unaffiliated businesses, as well as consolidation activity in the financial services industry.
Our website for financial professionals, accessallstate.com, won DALBAR's Communications Seal in 2004. DALBAR, Inc., an independent financial services research organization, recognized accessallstate.com for providing a means by which financial professionals can easily and conveniently develop and manage their business online.
Geographic Markets
We sell life insurance, retirement and investment products throughout the United States. Through subsidiaries, we are authorized to sell various types of these products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam. We sell funding agreements in the United States and in the Cayman Islands.
The following table reflects, in percentages, the principal geographic distribution of statutory premiums and annuity considerations for the Allstate Financial segment for the year ended December 31, 2004, based on information contained in statements filed with state insurance departments. Approximately 99.0% of the statutory premiums and annuity considerations generated in Delaware represent deposits received in connection with funding agreements sold to trusts domiciled in Delaware. No other jurisdiction accounted for more than five percent of the statutory premiums and annuity considerations.
Delaware | 25.2 | % | |
New York | 8.8 | % | |
California | 8.2 | % | |
Florida | 5.6 | % |
Additional Information
Information regarding the last three years' revenues and income from operations attributable to the Allstate Financial segment is contained in Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Note 18 also includes information regarding the last three years' identifiable assets attributable to the Allstate Financial segment. Note 18 is incorporated in this Part I, Item 1 by reference.
Information regarding premiums and contract charges for Allstate Financial segment products for the last three years is set forth in Part II, Item 7Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
6
Condition and Results of Operations, page 62, in the table that summarizes premiums and contract charges by product. That table is incorporated in this Part I, Item 1 by reference.
OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Our Corporate and Other segment is comprised of holding company activities and certain non-insurance operations. Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements contains information regarding the revenues, income from operations, and identifiable assets attributable to our Corporate and Other segment over the last three years.
Our Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment includes results from insurance coverage that we no longer write and results for certain commercial and other business in run-off. Our exposure to asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines claims arises in this segment. Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements contains information for the last three years regarding revenues, income from operations, and identifiable assets attributable to our property-liability operations, which includes both our Allstate Protection segment and our Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment. Note 18 is incorporated in this Part I, Item 1 by reference.
RESERVE FOR PROPERTY-LIABILITY CLAIMS AND CLAIMS EXPENSE
The following information regarding reserves applies to all of our property-liability operations, encompassing both the Allstate Protection segment and the Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment.
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Reconciliation of Claims Reserves
The following tables are summary reconciliations of the beginning and ending property-liability insurance claims and claims expense reserves, displayed individually for each of the last three years. The first table presents reserves on a gross (before reinsurance) basis. The end of year gross reserve balances are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The second table presents reserves on a net (after reinsurance) basis. The total net property-liability insurance claims and claims expense amounts are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Year Ended December 31, |
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GROSS ($ in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
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Gross reserve for property-liability claims and claims expense, beginning of year | $ | 17,714 | $ | 16,690 | $ | 16,500 | |||||
Incurred claims and claims expense | |||||||||||
Provision attributable to the current year | 18,994 | 17,183 | 17,237 | ||||||||
Change in provision attributable to prior years | 448 | 704 | 765 | ||||||||
Total claims and claims expense | 19,442 | 17,887 | 18,002 | ||||||||
Claim payments | |||||||||||
Claims and claims expense attributable to current year | 11,494 | 10,240 | 10,690 | ||||||||
Claims and claims expense attributable to prior years | 6,324 | 6,623 | 7,122 | ||||||||
Total payments | 17,818 | 16,863 | 17,812 | ||||||||
Gross reserve for property-liability claims and claims expense, end of year as shown on 10-K loss reserve development table | $ | 19,338 | $ | 17,714 | $ | 16,690 | |||||
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Year Ended December 31, |
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NET ($ in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
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Net reserve for property-liability claims and claims expense, beginning of year | $ | 15,980 | $ | 15,018 | $ | 14,833 | |||||
Incurred claims and claims expense | |||||||||||
Provision attributable to the current year | 18,073 | 17,031 | 16,972 | ||||||||
Change in provision attributable to prior years | (230 | ) | 401 | 685 | |||||||
Total claims and claims expense | 17,843 | 17,432 | 17,657 | ||||||||
Claim payments | |||||||||||
Claims and claims expense attributable to current year | 10,989 | 10,195 | 10,598 | ||||||||
Claims and claims expense attributable to prior years | 6,073 | 6,275 | 6,874 | ||||||||
Total payments | 17,062 | 16,470 | 17,472 | ||||||||
Net reserve for property-liability claims and claims expense, end of year as shown on 10-K loss reserve development table(1) | $ | 16,761 | $ | 15,980 | $ | 15,018 | |||||
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The year-end 2004 gross reserves of $19.34 billion for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense, as determined under GAAP, were $3.72 billion more than the net reserve balance of $15.62 billion recorded on the basis of statutory accounting practices for reports provided to state regulatory authorities. The principal differences are reinsurance recoverables from third parties totaling $2.58 billion that reduce reserves for statutory reporting and are recorded as assets for GAAP reporting, and a liability for the reserves of the Canadian subsidiaries for $840 million. Remaining differences are due to variations in requirements between GAAP, and statutory reporting.
As the tables above illustrate, Allstate's net reserve for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense at the end of 2003 decreased in 2004 by $230 million, compared to reestimates of the gross reserves of an increase of $448 million. Net reserve reestimates in 2004, 2003 and 2002 were lower than the gross reserve reestimates due to reinsurance cessions on gross reserve reestimates.
Loss Reserve Reestimates
The following Loss Reserve Reestimates table illustrates the change over time of the net reserves established for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense at the end of the last eleven calendar years. The first section shows the reserves as originally reported at the end of the stated year. The second section, reading down, shows the cumulative amounts paid as of the end of successive years with respect to that reserve liability. The third section, reading down, shows retroactive reestimates of the original recorded reserve as of the end of each successive year which is the result of Allstate's expanded awareness of additional facts and circumstances that pertain to the unsettled claims. The last section compares the latest reestimated reserve to the reserve originally established, and indicates whether the original reserve was adequate to cover the estimated costs of unsettled claims. The table also presents the gross reestimated liability as of the end of the latest reestimation period, with separate disclosure of the related reestimated reinsurance recoverable. The Loss Reserve Reestimates table is cumulative and, therefore, ending balances should not be added since the amount at the end of each calendar year includes activity for both the current and prior years.
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December 31, |
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($ millions) |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
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Gross Reserves for Unpaid Claims and Claims Expense | $ | 16,414 | $ | 17,326 | $ | 17,382 | $ | 17,403 | $ | 16,881 | $ | 17,814 | $ | 16,859 | $ | 16,500 | $ | 16,690 | $ | 17,714 | $ | 19,338 | ||||||||||||
Deduct: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reinsurance Recoverable | 1,298 | 1,490 | 1,784 | 1,630 | 1,458 | 1,653 | 1,634 | 1,667 | 1,672 | 1,734 | 2,577 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve For Unpaid Claims and Claims Expense | $ | 15,116 | $ | 15,836 | $ | 15,598 | $ | 15,773 | $ | 15,423 | $ | 16,161 | $ | 15,225 | $ | 14,833 | $ | 15,018 | $ | 15,980 | $ | 16,761 | ||||||||||||
Paid (cumulative) as of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
One year later | 4,748 | 5,787 | 5,013 | 5,488 | 5,615 | 5,973 | 6,748 | 6,874 | 6,275 | 6,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Two years later | 7,749 | 8,232 | 7,952 | 8,361 | 8,638 | 9,055 | 10,066 | 9,931 | 9,241 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three years later | 9,247 | 10,083 | 9,773 | 10,336 | 10,588 | 11,118 | 11,889 | 11,730 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Four years later | 10,400 | 11,170 | 11,040 | 11,587 | 11,950 | 12,197 | 12,967 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Five years later | 11,070 | 12,034 | 11,847 | 12,512 | 12,608 | 12,842 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six years later | 11,702 | 12,590 | 12,528 | 12,967 | 13,038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seven years later | 12,128 | 13,134 | 12,881 | 13,294 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eight years later | 12,599 | 13,429 | 13,146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine years later | 12,863 | 13,660 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ten years later | 13,075 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve Reestimated as of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
End of year | 15,116 | 15,836 | 15,598 | 15,773 | 15,423 | 16,161 | 15,225 | 14,833 | 15,018 | 15,980 | 16,761 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
One year later | 14,691 | 15,500 | 14,921 | 15,073 | 14,836 | 15,439 | 15,567 | 15,518 | 15,419 | 15,750 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Two years later | 14,295 | 14,917 | 14,450 | 14,548 | 14,371 | 15,330 | 15,900 | 16,175 | 15,757 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three years later | 13,928 | 14,700 | 14,156 | 14,183 | 14,296 | 15,583 | 16,625 | 16,696 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Four years later | 13,835 | 14,613 | 13,894 | 14,168 | 14,530 | 16,317 | 17,249 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Five years later | 13,915 | 14,455 | 13,888 | 14,406 | 15,260 | 17,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six years later | 13,882 | 14,452 | 14,140 | 15,109 | 16,024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seven years later | 13,877 | 14,703 | 14,824 | 15,899 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eight years later | 14,124 | 15,370 | 15,625 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine years later | 14,784 | 16,160 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ten years later | 15,546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial reserve in excess of (less than) reestimated reserve: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount of reestimate | $ | (430 | ) | $ | (324 | ) | $ | (27 | ) | $ | (126 | ) | $ | (601 | ) | $ | (872 | ) | $ | (2,024 | ) | $ | (1,863 | ) | $ | (739 | ) | $ | 230 | |||||
Percent | -2.8 | % | -2.0 | % | -0.2 | % | -0.8 | % | -3.9 | % | -5.4 | % | -13.3 | % | -12.6 | % | -4.9 | % | 1.4 | % | ||||||||||||||
Gross Reestimated Liability-Latest | $ | 18,228 | $ | 18,819 | $ | 18,600 | $ | 18,675 | $ | 18,682 | $ | 19,771 | $ | 19,948 | $ | 19,345 | $ | 18,371 | $ | 18,162 | ||||||||||||||
Reestimated Recoverable-Latest | 2,682 | 2,659 | 2,975 | 2,776 | 2,658 | 2,738 | 2,699 | 2,649 | 2,614 | 2,412 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Reestimated Liability-Latest | $ | 15,546 | $ | 16,160 | $ | 15,625 | $ | 15,899 | $ | 16,024 | $ | 17,033 | $ | 17,249 | $ | 16,696 | $ | 15,757 | $ | 15,750 | ||||||||||||||
Gross Cumulative Reestimate (Increase) Decrease | $ | (1,814 | ) | $ | (1,493 | ) | $ | (1,218 | ) | $ | (1,272 | ) | $ | (1,801 | ) | $ | (1,957 | ) | $ | (3,089 | ) | $ | (2,845 | ) | $ | (1,681 | ) | $ | (448 | ) | ||||
Amount of Reestimates for Each Segment
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December 31, |
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($ millions) |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net Discontinued Lines and Coverages Reestimate | $ | (1,931 | ) | $ | (1,887 | ) | $ | (1,552 | ) | $ | (1,584 | ) | $ | (1,512 | ) | $ | (1,475 | ) | $ | (1,466 | ) | $ | (1,440 | ) | $ | (1,209 | ) | $ | (635 | ) | |
Net Allstate Protection Reestimate | 1,501 | 1,563 | 1,525 | 1,458 | 911 | 603 | (558 | ) | (423 | ) | 470 | 865 | |||||||||||||||||||
Amount of Reestimate (Net) | $ | (430 | ) | $ | (324 | ) | $ | (27 | ) | $ | (126 | ) | $ | (601 | ) | $ | (872 | ) | $ | (2,024 | ) | $ | (1,863 | ) | $ | (739 | ) | $ | 230 |
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As shown in the above table, the subsequent cumulative increase in the net reserves established from December 31, 1994 to December 31, 2002 reflects additions to reserves in the Discontinued Lines and Coverages Segment, primarily for asbestos and environmental liabilities, which offset the effects of favorable severity trends experienced by Allstate Protection, as discussed more fully below. The decrease in net reserves established for December 31, 2003 reflects favorable reestimates as more fully discussed below.
The following table is derived from the Loss Reserve Reestimates table and summarizes the effect of reserve reestimates, net of reinsurance, on calendar year operations for the ten-year period ended December 31, 2004. The total of each column details the amount of reserve reestimates made in the indicated calendar year and shows the accident years to which the reestimates are applicable. The amounts in the total accident year column on the far right represent the cumulative reserve reestimates for the indicated accident year(s).
Effect of Net Reserve Reestimates on
Calendar Year Operations
(in millions) |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
TOTAL |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BY ACCIDENT YEAR | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1994 & PRIOR | $ | (425 | ) | $ | (396 | ) | $ | (367 | ) | $ | (93 | ) | $ | 80 | $ | (33 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 247 | $ | 660 | $ | 762 | $ | 430 | ||||||
1995 | 60 | (216 | ) | (124 | ) | (167 | ) | (125 | ) | 2 | 4 | 7 | 28 | (531 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
1996 | (94 | ) | (254 | ) | (207 | ) | (104 | ) | (3 | ) | 1 | 17 | 11 | (633 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
1997 | (229 | ) | (231 | ) | (103 | ) | (9 | ) | (14 | ) | 19 | (11 | ) | (578 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
1998 | (62 | ) | (100 | ) | (60 | ) | (4 | ) | 26 | (26 | ) | (226 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | (257 | ) | (34 | ) | 19 | 4 | (49 | ) | (317 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 451 | 80 | (9 | ) | (92 | ) | 430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2001 | 352 | (68 | ) | (103 | ) | 181 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | (255 | ) | (183 | ) | (438 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | (567 | ) | (567 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL | $ | (425 | ) | $ | (336 | ) | $ | (677 | ) | $ | (700 | ) | $ | (587 | ) | $ | (722 | ) | $ | 342 | $ | 685 | $ | 401 | $ | (230 | ) | $ | (2,249 | ) | ||||
Favorable calendar year reserve reestimates in 1995 through 2000 were the result of favorable severity trends in each of the six years for Allstate Protection, which more than offset adverse reestimates in the Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment, primarily for asbestos and environmental liabilities, virtually all of which relates to 1984 and prior years. The favorable severity trend during this period was primarily the result of favorable injury severity trends, as compared to our anticipated trends. Favorable injury severity trends were largely due to more moderate medical cost inflation and the mitigating effects of our loss management programs.
The impacts of more moderate medical cost inflation have emerged over time as actual claim settlements validate its magnitude. Beginning in the early 1990s, lower medical cost inflation rates, as evidenced by the consumer price index ("CPI") published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for medical costs, have contributed to lower actual claim settlements than prior estimates. From 1991 through 1995, the medical CPI averaged 6.3%, and from 1996 through 2000, the average declined to 3.4%. The medical CPI is considered a viable indicator of the direction of claim costs because it is a measure of the change in various costs for medical services and supplies, including doctors' fees, emergency care, therapy and rehabilitation, and pharmaceuticals, all of which are covered claims for insureds. In 2004, the medical CPI increased to 4.4%, and most recent economic forecasts anticipate further increases in medical inflation. If this occurs, future reserve reestimates could be adversely impacted if actual results exceed reserve estimates.
Our loss management programs over time have had a mitigating effect in a variety of aspects on injury severity trends. We have been improving the claim adjudication processes by implementing programs to accomplish better investigation of claims, consistent handling of soft tissue injury claims,
11
more accurate valuation of damages, and more effective negotiation and defense practices. These improvements have also involved hiring additional staff, providing increased training, creating specialized units of expert employees to handle specific types of claims, and focusing attention and resources on handling specific types of claims such as soft tissue injury claims, claims with attorney involvement, and claims in litigation. These programs were intended to create an improved culture, focused on expert, efficient, and effective claim process management. Since 1993, growth of Allstate's injury claim costs has compared favorably to published insurance industry competitor results. We believe this experience is substantially due to the claim adjudication process improvements, and is an additional factor contributing to reductions in reserve estimates. While changes to the claim settlement process have mitigated increases in severity trends on closed claims, these changes can impact historical patterns of losses, introducing a greater degree of statistical variability in actuarial reserve estimates for the remaining outstanding claims.
In 2004, we decreased our reserve estimates for prior years. Favorable reserve estimates were primarily due to Allstate Protection auto injury severity and late reported loss development that was less than what was anticipated in previous reserve estimates. Decreased reserve reestimates for Allstate Protection more than offset increased estimates of losses primarily related to asbestos and environmental liabilities in the Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment.
In 2003 and 2002, we increased our reserve estimates for prior years. Unfavorable reserve reestimates in 2003, were due to favorable Allstate Protection auto injury severity and late reported loss development that was better than previous estimates, offset by unfavorable increases primarily related to asbestos and other discontinued lines. Unfavorable reserve reestimates in 2002 were due to claim severity and late reported losses for Allstate Protection that were greater than what was anticipated in previous reserve estimates and to increased estimates of losses primarily related to asbestos and environmental liabilities in the Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment.
In 2001, we increased our reserve estimates for prior years due to greater volume of late reported weather related losses than expected from the end of the year 2000 which were reported in the year 2001, additional incurred losses on the 1994 Northridge earthquake, adverse results of class action and other litigation, upward reestimates of property losses and upward reestimates of losses in the Encompass and Canadian businesses
For additional information regarding reserves, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsProperty-Liability Claims and Claims Expense Reserves."
REGULATION
Allstate is subject to extensive regulation, primarily at the state level. The method, extent and substance of such regulation varies by state but generally has its source in statutes that establish standards and requirements for conducting the business of insurance and that delegate regulatory authority to a state regulatory agency. In general, such regulation is intended for the protection of those who purchase or use insurance products issued by our subsidiaries, not the holders of securities issued by The Allstate Corporation. These rules have a substantial effect on our business and relate to a wide variety of matters including insurance company licensing and examination, agent and adjuster licensing, price setting, trade practices, policy forms, accounting methods, the nature and amount of investments, claims practices, participation in shared markets and guaranty funds, reserve adequacy, insurer solvency, transactions with affiliates, the payment of dividends, and underwriting standards. Some of these matters are discussed in more detail below. For a discussion of statutory financial information, see Note 15 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of regulatory contingencies, see Note 13 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Notes 13 and 15 are incorporated in this Part I, Item 1 by reference.
In recent years the state insurance regulatory framework has come under increased federal scrutiny. Legislation that would provide for federal chartering of insurance companies has been proposed. In
12
addition, state legislators and insurance regulators continue to examine the appropriate nature and scope of state insurance regulation. We cannot predict whether any specific state or federal measures will be adopted to change the nature or scope of the regulation of the insurance business or what effect any such measures would have on Allstate.
Catastrophe Exposure Management. Allstate continues to evaluate its exposure to catastrophes and our countrywide catastrophe risk management strategies for hurricanes and earthquakes. Following the 2004 hurricane season, the state of Florida has taken actions that could negatively impact our level of homeowners premiums written and our profitability, including changing to seasonal hurricane deductibles, discouraging insurance companies from increasing rates and not allowing non-renewal of policies. Separately, we are advancing proposals for legislative reform in Florida. We cannot predict what will emerge from the legislative process.
Agent and Broker Compensation. A number of states are considering new legislation or regulations regarding the compensation of agents and brokers by insurance companies. The rules that would be imposed if these proposals were adopted range in nature from disclosure requirements to rules that would impose new duties on insurance agents and brokers in dealing with customers. Because these proposals are in the early stages of development, we cannot predict their potential impact on our business.
Limitations on Dividends By Insurance Subsidiaries. As a holding company with no significant business operations of its own, The Allstate Corporation relies on dividends from Allstate Insurance Company as one of the principal sources of cash to pay dividends and to meet its obligations, including the payment of principal and interest on debt. Allstate Insurance Company is regulated as an insurance company in Illinois and its ability to pay dividends is restricted by Illinois law. For additional information regarding those restrictions, see Part II, Item 5 of this report. The laws of the other jurisdictions that generally govern our insurance subsidiaries contain similar limitations on the payment of dividends and in some jurisdictions the laws may be more restrictive.
Holding Company Regulation. The Allstate Corporation and Allstate Insurance Company are insurance holding companies subject to regulation throughout the jurisdictions in which their insurance subsidiaries do business. In the U.S., these subsidiaries are organized under the insurance codes of California, Florida, Illinois, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and Texas. Generally, the insurance codes in these states provide that the acquisition or change of "control" of a domestic insurer or of any person that controls a domestic insurer cannot be consummated without the prior approval of the relevant insurance regulator. In general, a presumption of "control" arises from the ownership, control, possession with the power to vote, or possession of proxies with respect to, ten percent or more of the voting securities of a domestic insurer or of a person that controls a domestic insurer. In addition, certain state insurance laws require pre-acquisition notification to state agencies of a change in control with respect to a non-domestic insurance company licensed to do business in that state. While such pre-acquisition notification statutes do not authorize the state agency to disapprove the change of control, such statutes do authorize certain remedies, including the issuance of a cease and desist order with respect to the non-domestic insurer if certain conditions exist, such as undue market concentration. Thus, any transaction involving the acquisition of ten percent or more of The Allstate Corporation's common stock would generally require prior approval by the state insurance departments in California, Illinois, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and Texas. The prior approval of the Florida insurance department would be necessary for the acquisition of five percent or more. Moreover, notification would be required in those other states that have adopted pre-acquisition notification provisions and where the insurance subsidiaries are admitted to transact business. Such approval requirements may deter, delay or prevent certain transactions affecting the ownership of The Allstate Corporation's common stock.
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Price Regulation. Nearly all states have insurance laws requiring personal property and casualty insurers to file price schedules, policy or coverage forms, and other information with the state's regulatory authority. In many cases, such price schedules, policy forms or both must be approved prior to use. While they vary from state to state, the objectives of the pricing laws are generally the same: a price cannot be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory.
The speed with which an insurer can change prices in response to competition or in response to increasing costs depends, in part, on whether the pricing laws are (i) prior approval, (ii) file-and-use, or (iii) use-and-file laws. In states having prior approval laws, the regulator must approve a price before the insurer may use it. In states having file-and-use laws, the insurer does not have to wait for the regulator's approval to use a price, but the price must be filed with the regulatory authority prior to being used. A use-and-file law requires an insurer to file prices within a certain period of time after the insurer begins using them. Approximately one half of the states, including California and New York, have prior approval laws. Under all three types of pricing laws, the regulator has the authority to disapprove a price subsequent to its filing.
An insurer's ability to adjust its prices in response to competition or to increasing costs is often dependent on an insurer's ability to demonstrate to the regulator that its pricing or proposed pricing meets the requirements of the pricing laws. In those states that significantly restrict an insurer's discretion in selecting the business that it wants to underwrite, an insurer can manage its risk of loss by charging a price that reflects the cost and expense of providing the insurance. In those states that significantly restrict an insurer's ability to charge a price that reflects the cost and expense of providing the insurance, the insurer can manage its risk of loss by being more selective in the type of business it underwrites. When a state significantly restricts both underwriting and pricing, it becomes more difficult for an insurer to maintain its profitability.
Changes in Allstate's claim settlement process may require Allstate to actuarially adjust loss information used in its pricing process. Some state insurance regulatory authorities may not approve price increases that give full effect to these adjustments.
From time to time, the private passenger auto insurance industry comes under pressure from state regulators, legislators and special interest groups to reduce, freeze or set prices at levels that do not correspond with our analysis of underlying costs and expenses. Homeowners insurance comes under similar pressure, particularly as regulators in states subject to high levels of catastrophe losses struggle to identify an acceptable methodology to price for catastrophe exposure. We expect this kind of pressure to persist. In addition, our use of insurance scoring based on credit report information for underwriting and pricing regularly comes under attack by regulators, legislators and special interest groups in various states. The result could be legislation or regulation that adversely affects the profitability of the Allstate Protection segment. We cannot predict the impact on our business of possible future legislative and regulatory measures regarding pricing.
Involuntary Markets. As a condition of maintaining our licenses to write personal property and casualty insurance in various states, we are required to participate in assigned risk plans, reinsurance facilities and joint underwriting associations that provide various types of insurance coverage to individuals or entities that otherwise are unable to purchase such coverage from private insurers. Underwriting results related to these arrangements, which tend to be adverse, have been immaterial to our results of operations.
Guaranty Funds. Under state insurance guaranty fund laws, insurers doing business in a state can be assessed, up to prescribed limits, in order to cover certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies.
Investment Regulation. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulations that require investment portfolio diversification and that limit the amount of investment in certain categories. Failure to
14
comply with these rules leads to the treatment of non-conforming investments as non-admitted assets for purposes of measuring statutory surplus. Further, in some instances, these rules require divestiture of non-conforming investments. As of December 31, 2004 the investment portfolios of our insurance subsidiaries complied with such laws and regulations in all material respects.
Exiting Geographic Markets; Canceling and Non-Renewing Policies. Most states regulate an insurer's ability to exit a market. For example, some states limit a private passenger auto insurer's ability to cancel and non-renew policies. Some states prohibit an insurer from withdrawing one or more types of insurance business from the state, except pursuant to a plan that is approved by the state insurance department and not disapproved on the grounds that it could lead to market disruption. Regulations that limit cancellation and non-renewal and that subject withdrawal plans to prior approval requirements may restrict an insurer's ability to exit unprofitable markets.
Variable Life Insurance, Variable Annuities and Registered Fixed Annuities. The sale of variable life insurance, variable annuities and registered fixed annuities with market value adjustment features are subject to extensive regulatory oversight at the federal and state level, including regulation and supervision by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Association of Securities Dealers.
Broker-Dealers, Investment Advisors and Investment Companies. The Allstate entities that operate as broker-dealers, registered investment advisors and investment companies are subject to regulation and supervision by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Association of Securities Dealers and/or, in some cases, state securities administrators.
Regulation and Legislation Affecting Consolidation in the Financial Services Industry. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 permits mergers that combine commercial banks, insurers and securities firms within one holding company group. In addition, it allows grandfathered unitary thrift holding companies, including our parent company, to engage in activities that are not financial in nature. The ability of banks to affiliate with insurers may materially adversely affect our business by substantially increasing the number, size and financial strength of potential competitors.
Banking. The Allstate Corporation is a diversified savings and loan holding company for Allstate Bank, a federal stock savings bank and a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). The principal supervisory authority for the diversified savings and loan holding company activities and the bank is the Office of Thrift Supervision. The bank is also subject to the authority of the FDIC and other federal financial regulators implementing various laws applicable to banking.
Privacy Regulation. Federal law and the laws of some states require financial institutions to protect the security and confidentiality of customer information and to notify customers about their policies and practices relating to collection and disclosure of customer information and their policies relating to protecting the security and confidentiality of that information. Federal law and the laws of some states also regulate disclosures of customer information. Congress, state legislatures and regulatory authorities are expected to consider additional regulation relating to privacy and other aspects of customer information.
Asbestos. Recently, President Bush announced his support of efforts to pass meaningful federal reform to address asbestos claims and litigation. Congress has considered such legislation in the past, but unified support among various defendant and insurer groups considered essential to any possible reform has been lacking. We cannot predict the impact on our business of possible future legislative measures regarding asbestos.
Environmental. Environmental pollution clean-up of polluted waste sites is the subject of both federal and state regulation. The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 ("Superfund") and comparable state statutes ("mini-Superfund") govern the clean-up and
15
restoration of waste sites by "Potentially Responsible Parties" (PRPs). Superfund and the mini-Superfunds (Environmental Clean-up Laws or ECLs) establish a mechanism to pay for clean-up of waste sites if PRPs fail to do so and to assign liability to PRPs. The extent of liability to be allocated to a PRP is dependent on a variety of factors. By some estimates, there are thousands of potential waste sites subject to clean-up, but the exact number is unknown. The extent of clean-up necessary and the process of assigning liability remain in dispute. The insurance industry is involved in extensive litigation regarding coverage issues arising out of the clean-up of waste sites by insured PRPs and insured parties' alleged liability to third parties responsible for the clean-up. The insurance industry, including Allstate, is disputing many such claims. Key coverage issues include whether Superfund response, investigation and clean-up costs are considered damages under the policies, trigger of coverage, applicability of several types of pollution exclusions, proper notice of claims, whether administrative liability triggers the duty to defend, appropriate allocation of liability among triggered insurers, and whether the liability in question falls within the definition of an "occurrence." Identical coverage issues exist for clean-up and waste sites not covered under Superfund. To date, courts have been inconsistent in their rulings on these issues. Allstate's exposure to liability with regard to its insureds that have been, or may be, named as PRPs is uncertain. Comprehensive Superfund reform proposals have been introduced in Congress, but only modest reform measures have been enacted.
INTERNET WEBSITE
Our Internet website address is allstate.com. The Allstate Corporation's annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports that we file or furnish pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available through our Internet website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, our corporate governance guidelines, our code of ethics, and the charters of our Audit Committee, Compensation and Succession Committee, and Nominating and Governance Committee are available on our website and in print to any stockholder who requests copies by contacting Investor Relations, The Allstate Corporation, 3075 Sanders Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062-7127, 1-800-416-8803.
OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT ALLSTATE
As of December 31, 2004, Allstate had approximately 38,000 full-time employees and 1,400 part-time employees.
Information regarding revenues generated outside of the United States is incorporated in this Part I, Item 1 by reference to Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Allstate's four business segments use shared services, including human resources, investment, finance, information technology and legal services, provided by Allstate Insurance Company and other affiliates.
Although the insurance business generally is not seasonal, claims and claims expense for the Allstate Protection segment tend to be higher for periods of severe or inclement weather.
We use the names "Allstate," "Encompass," "Deerbrook," "Lincoln Benefit Life" and variations of these names extensively in our business, along with related logos and slogans. Our rights in the United States to these names, logos and slogans continue so long as we continue to use them in commerce. Most of these service marks are the subject of renewable U.S. and/or foreign service mark registrations. We believe that these service marks are important to our business and we intend to maintain our rights to them by continued use.
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"Allstate" is one of the most recognized brand names in the U. S. According to independent market research conducted in 2004, "You're in Good Hands with Allstate" is recognized by 87% of consumers, making it the most recognized company tagline in the U.S.
Executive Officers
The following table sets forth the names of our executive officers, their ages as of February 1, 2005, their positions, and the dates of their first election as officers. "AIC" refers to Allstate Insurance Company.
Name |
Age |
Position/Offices |
Date First Elected Officer |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Edward M. Liddy | 59 | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of The Allstate Corporation and AIC; also a director of The Allstate Corporation | 1994 | |||
Catherine S. Brune | 51 | Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of AIC | 1999 | |||
Joan M. Crockett | 54 | Senior Vice President of AIC (Human Resources) | 1994 | |||
Danny L. Hale | 60 | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of The Allstate Corporation; Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AIC | 2003 | |||
Michael J. McCabe | 59 | Vice President and General Counsel of The Allstate Corporation; Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant Secretary of AIC (Chief Legal Officer) | 1980 | |||
Ronald D. McNeil | 52 | Senior Vice President of AIC (Allstate Protection Product Distribution) | 1994 | |||
Robert W. Pike | 63 | Vice President and Secretary of The Allstate Corporation; Executive Vice President and Secretary of AIC | 1978 | |||
Samuel H. Pilch | 58 | Controller of The Allstate Corporation; Group Vice President and Controller of AIC | 1995 | |||
George E. Ruebenson | 56 | Senior Vice President of AIC (Claims) | 1990 | |||
Eric A. Simonson | 59 | Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer of AIC (President, Allstate Investments, LLC) | 2002 | |||
Casey J. Sylla | 61 | Senior Vice President of AIC (President, Allstate Financial) | 1995 | |||
Joseph V. Tripodi | 49 | Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer of AIC | 2003 | |||
Thomas J. Wilson | 47 | Senior Vice President of AIC (President, Allstate Protection) | 1995 |
Each of the officers named above may be removed from office at any time, with or without cause, by the board of directors of the relevant company.
With the exception of Messrs. Hale, Simonson and Tripodi, these officers have held the listed positions for at least the last five years or have served Allstate in various executive or administrative capacities for at least five years.
Prior to joining Allstate in January 2003, Mr. Hale served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Promus Hotel Corporation in 1999 and as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of USF&G Corporation from 1993 to 1998.
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Prior to joining Allstate in 2002, Mr. Simonson performed consulting services for large institutional investors from 2000 to 2002 and was Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Strategist for John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company from 1996 to 2000.
Prior to joining Allstate in October 2003, Mr. Tripodi was chief marketing officer of The Bank of New York from 2002 to 2003 and chief marketing officer of Seagram Spirits & Wine Group from 1999 to 2002.
Item 2. Properties
Our home office complex is located in Northbrook, Illinois. As of December 31, 2004, the complex consisted of several buildings totaling approximately 2.3 million square feet of office space on a 250-acre site. We lease approximately 320,000 square feet of this office space as lessee.
We also operate from 1,161 administrative, data processing, claims handling and other support facilities in North America. Approximately 5.1 million square feet are owned and 7.5 million are leased. In addition, we lease one property as lessee in Northern Ireland comprising 70,500 square feet. Generally, only major facilities are owned. In almost all cases, lease terms are for five years or less.
The locations out of which the Allstate exclusive agencies operate in the U.S. are normally leased by the agencies as lessees.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Information required for Item 3 is incorporated by reference to the discussion under the heading "Regulation" and under the heading "Legal proceedings" in Note 13 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None.
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Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
As of January 31, 2005, there were 153,482 record holders of The Allstate Corporation's common stock. The principal market for the common stock is the New York Stock Exchange but it is also listed on the Chicago Stock Exchange. Set forth below are the high and low New York Stock Exchange Composite listing prices of, and cash dividends declared for, the common stock during 2004 and 2003.
|
High |
Low |
Close |
Dividends Declared |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | |||||||||
First quarter | 47.19 | 42.55 | 45.46 | .28 | |||||
Second quarter | 48.16 | 42.91 | 46.55 | .28 | |||||
Third quarter | 49.22 | 45.50 | 47.99 | .28 | |||||
Fourth quarter | 51.99 | 45.50 | 51.72 | .28 | |||||
2003 |
|||||||||
First quarter | 38.56 | 30.05 | 33.17 | .23 | |||||
Second quarter | 38.65 | 33.40 | 35.65 | .23 | |||||
Third quarter | 39.64 | 34.88 | 36.53 | .23 | |||||
Fourth quarter | 43.27 | 36.56 | 43.02 | .23 | |||||
Fourth quarter | .01 | * |
The payment of dividends by Allstate Insurance Company to The Allstate Corporation is limited by Illinois insurance law to formula amounts based on statutory net income and statutory surplus, as well as the timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. In the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2004, Allstate Insurance Company paid dividends of $2.49 billion. Based on the greater of 2004 statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus, the maximum amount of dividends that Allstate Insurance Company will be able to pay without prior Illinois Department of Insurance approval at a given point in time in 2005 is $3.86 billion, less dividends paid during the preceding twelve months measured at that point in time. Notification and approval of intercompany lending activities is also required by the Illinois Department of Insurance for those transactions that exceed formula amounts based on statutory admitted assets and statutory surplus.
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Period |
Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased(1) |
Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) |
Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2) |
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 1, 2004 - October 31, 2004 | 3,043,000 | $ | 47.5372 | 3,043,000 | $ | 252 million | ||||
November 1, 2004 - November 30, 2004 | 1,655,991 | $ | 49.3955 | 1,653,400 | $ | 4,170 million | ||||
December 1, 2004 - December 31, 2004 | 3,364,852 | $ | 50.8342 | 3,344,215 | $ | 4.00 billion | ||||
Total | 8,063,843 | $ | 49.2946 | 8,040,615 |
October: None.
November: In accordance with the terms of its equity compensation plans, Allstate acquired 2,591 shares in satisfaction of withholding taxes due upon the exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock held by employees and/or directors.
December: In accordance with the terms of its equity compensation plans, Allstate acquired 20,637 shares in connection with stock option exercises by employees and/or directors. The stock was received in payment of the exercise price of the options and in satisfaction of withholding taxes due upon exercise.
On February 4, 2004, Allstate announced the approval of a $1.00 billion increase to its $500 million share repurchase program. The $500 million program had been previously announced on February 4, 2003. This program was completed as of December 31, 2004.
On November 9, 2004, Allstate announced the approval of a new repurchase program for $4.00 billion, which is expected to be completed in 2006.
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
5 - YEAR SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(in millions except per share data and ratios) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Consolidated Operating Results | |||||||||||||||||
Insurance premiums and contract charges | $ | 28,061 | $ | 26,981 | $ | 25,654 | $ | 24,427 | $ | 24,076 | |||||||
Net investment income | 5,284 | 4,972 | 4,849 | 4,790 | 4,633 | ||||||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | 591 | 196 | (924 | ) | (352 | ) | 425 | ||||||||||
Total revenues | 33,936 | 32,149 | 29,579 | 28,865 | 29,134 | ||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 3,356 | 2,720 | 1,465 | 1,167 | 2,211 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (175 | ) | (15 | ) | (331 | ) | (9 | ) | | ||||||||
Net income | 3,181 | 2,705 | 1,134 | 1,158 | 2,211 | ||||||||||||
Net income per share: | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted: | |||||||||||||||||
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 4.79 | 3.85 | 2.06 | 1.61 | 2.95 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (0.25 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.46 | ) | (0.01 | ) | | ||||||||
Net income | 4.54 | 3.83 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 2.95 | ||||||||||||
Basic: | |||||||||||||||||
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 4.82 | 3.87 | 2.07 | 1.62 | 2.97 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (0.25 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.47 | ) | (0.01 | ) | | ||||||||
Net income | 4.57 | 3.85 | 1.60 | 1.61 | 2.97 | ||||||||||||
Dividends declared per share | 1.12 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.68 | ||||||||||||
Redemption of Shareholder rights | | 0.01 | | | | ||||||||||||
Consolidated Financial Position | |||||||||||||||||
Investments | $ | 115,530 | $ | 103,081 | $ | 90,650 | $ | 79,876 | $ | 74,483 | |||||||
Total assets | 149,725 | 134,142 | 117,426 | 109,175 | 104,808 | ||||||||||||
Reserves for claims and claims expense, and life-contingent contract benefits and contractholder funds | 86,801 | 75,805 | 67,697 | 59,194 | 54,197 | ||||||||||||
Short-term debt | 43 | 3 | 279 | 227 | 219 | ||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 5,291 | 5,073 | 3,961 | 3,694 | 3,112 | ||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trusts(1) | | | 200 | 200 | 750 | ||||||||||||
Shareholders' equity | 21,823 | 20,565 | 17,438 | 17,196 | 17,451 | ||||||||||||
Shareholders' equity per diluted share | 31.72 | 29.04 | 24.75 | 24.08 | 23.80 | ||||||||||||
Property-Liability Operations | |||||||||||||||||
Premiums earned | 25,989 | 24,677 | 23,361 | 22,197 | 21,871 | ||||||||||||
Net investment income | 1,773 | 1,677 | 1,656 | 1,745 | 1,814 | ||||||||||||
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 3,045 | 2,522 | 1,321 | 929 | 1,863 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | | (1 | ) | (48 | ) | (3 | ) | | |||||||||
Net income | 3,045 | 2,521 | 1,273 | 926 | 1,863 | ||||||||||||
Operating ratios(2) | |||||||||||||||||
Claims and claims expense ("loss") ratio | 68.7 | 70.6 | 75.6 | 79.0 | 75.0 | ||||||||||||
Expense ratio | 24.3 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 23.9 | 24.2 | ||||||||||||
Combined ratio | 93.0 | 94.6 | 98.9 | 102.9 | 99.2 | ||||||||||||
Allstate Financial Operations | |||||||||||||||||
Premiums and contract charges | $ | 2,072 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,293 | $ | 2,230 | $ | 2,205 | |||||||
Net investment income | 3,410 | 3,233 | 3,121 | 2,962 | 2,715 | ||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 421 | 322 | 261 | 369 | 469 | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (175 | ) | (17 | ) | (283 | ) | (6 | ) | | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | 246 | 305 | (22 | ) | 363 | 469 | |||||||||||
Investments including Separate Accounts | 86,907 | 76,320 | 66,389 | 59,653 | 55,552 |
21
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Overview | 23 | |
2004 Highlights | 23 | |
Consolidated Net Income | 24 | |
Application of Critical Accounting Policies | 24 | |
Property-Liability 2004 Highlights | 28 | |
Property-Liability Operations | 29 | |
Allstate Protection Segment | 31 | |
Discontinued Lines and Coverages Segment | 45 | |
Property-Liability Investment Results | 45 | |
Property-Liability Claims and Claims Expense Reserves | 46 | |
Allstate Financial 2004 Highlights | 59 | |
Allstate Financial Segment | 60 | |
Investments | 74 | |
Market Risk | 86 | |
Pension Plans | 91 | |
Capital Resources and Liquidity | 93 | |
Enterprise Risk Management | 100 | |
Regulation and Legal Proceedings | 101 | |
Pending Accounting Standards | 101 | |
Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors | 101 |
22
OVERVIEW
The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the consolidated financial position and results of operations of The Allstate Corporation (referred to in this document as "we", "our", "us", the "Company" or "Allstate"). It should be read in conjunction with the 5-year summary of selected financial data, consolidated financial statements and related notes found under Part II, Item 6 and Item 8 contained herein. Further analysis of our insurance segments is provided in Property-Liability Operations (which includes the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments) and in Allstate Financial Operations (which represents the Allstate Financial segment) sections of Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A"). The segments are consistent with the way in which we use financial information to evaluate business performance and to determine the allocation of resources.
The most important matters that we monitor to evaluate the financial condition and performance of our company include:
Net income increased in 2004 over 2003 due to higher Property-Liability net income. Net income increased in 2003 compared to 2002 due to higher Property-Liability and Allstate Financial net income. For further discussion of the results of our insurance segments, see the Property-Liability and Allstate Financial Highlights sections of this MD&A.
2004 HIGHLIGHTS
23
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME
|
For the years ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||
Property-liability insurance premiums | $ | 25,989 | $ | 24,677 | $ | 23,361 | ||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | 2,072 | 2,304 | 2,293 | |||||||
Net investment income | 5,284 | 4,972 | 4,849 | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | 591 | 196 | (924 | ) | ||||||
Total revenues | 33,936 | 32,149 | 29,579 | |||||||
Costs and expenses |
||||||||||
Property-liability insurance claims and claims expense | (17,843 | ) | (17,432 | ) | (17,657 | ) | ||||
Life and annuity contract benefits | (1,618 | ) | (1,851 | ) | (1,770 | ) | ||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds | (2,001 | ) | (1,846 | ) | (1,764 | ) | ||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | (4,465 | ) | (4,058 | ) | (3,694 | ) | ||||
Operating costs and expenses | (3,040 | ) | (3,001 | ) | (2,761 | ) | ||||
Restructuring and related charges | (51 | ) | (74 | ) | (119 | ) | ||||
Interest expense | (308 | ) | (275 | ) | (278 | ) | ||||
Total costs and expenses | (29,326 | ) | (28,537 | ) | (28,043 | ) | ||||
(Loss) gain on disposition of operations |
(24 |
) |
(41 |
) |
4 |
|||||
Income tax expense | (1,230 | ) | (846 | ) | (65 | ) | ||||
Dividends on preferred securities of subsidiary trust(s) | | (5 | ) | (10 | ) | |||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (175 | ) | (15 | ) | (331 | ) | ||||
Net income | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | ||||
Property-Liability |
$ |
3,045 |
$ |
2,521 |
$ |
1,273 |
||||
Allstate Financial | 246 | 305 | (22 | ) | ||||||
Corporate and Other | (110 | ) | (121 | ) | (117 | ) | ||||
Net income | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | ||||
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
We have identified five accounting policies that require us to make assumptions and estimates that are significant to the consolidated financial statements. It is reasonably likely that changes in these assumptions and estimates could occur from period to period and have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. A brief summary of each of these critical accounting policies follows. For a more complete discussion of the effect of these policies on our consolidated financial statements, and the judgments and estimates relating to these policies, see the referenced sections of the MD&A. For a complete summary of our significant accounting policies see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements.
Investment Valuation The fair value of publicly traded fixed income and equity securities is based on independent market quotations, whereas the fair value of non-publicly traded securities is based on either widely accepted pricing valuation models which use internally developed ratings and independent third party data as inputs or independent third party pricing sources. Factors used in our internally
24
developed models, such as liquidity risk associated with privately-placed securities, are difficult to independently observe and to quantify. Because of this, judgment is required in developing certain of these estimates and, as a result, the estimated fair value of non-publicly traded securities may differ from amounts that would be realized upon an immediate sale of the securities.
Periodic changes in fair values of investments classified as available for sale are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and are not reflected in the operating results of any period until reclassified to net income upon the consummation of a transaction with an unrelated third party, or when declines in fair values are deemed other than temporary. The assessment of other than temporary impairment of a security's fair value is performed on a case-by-case basis considering a wide range of factors. There are a number of assumptions and estimates inherent in assessing impairments and determining if they are other than temporary, including 1) our ability and intent to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in value; 2) the expected recoverability of principal and interest; 3) the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost for equity securities or amortized cost for fixed income securities; 4) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issuer, including relevant industry conditions and trends, and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; and 5) the specific reasons that a security is in a significant unrealized loss position, including market conditions which could affect liquidity. Additionally, once assumptions and estimates are made, any number of changes in facts and circumstances could cause us to later determine that an impairment is other than temporary, including 1) general economic conditions that are worse than previously assumed or that have a greater adverse effect on a particular issuer than originally estimated; 2) changes in the facts and circumstances related to a particular issuer's ability to meet all of its contractual obligations; and 3) changes in facts and circumstances or new information that we obtain which causes a change in our ability or intent to hold a security to maturity or until it recovers in value. Changes in assumptions, facts and circumstances could result in additional charges to earnings in future periods to the extent that losses are realized. The charge to earnings, while potentially significant to net income, would not have a significant effect on shareholders' equity since the majority of our portfolio is held at fair value and as a result, any related unrealized loss, net of deferred acquisition costs, deferred sales inducement costs and tax, would already be reflected as accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity.
For a more detailed discussion of the risks relating to changes in investment values and levels of investment impairment, and the potential causes of such changes, see Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements and the Investments, Market Risk, Enterprise Risk Management and Forward-looking Statements and Risk Factors sections of the MD&A.
Derivative Instrument Hedge Effectiveness In the normal course of business, we primarily use derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to market risk and in conjunction with asset/liability management, particularly in the Allstate Financial segment. The fair value of exchange traded derivative contracts is based on independent market quotations, whereas the fair value of non-exchange traded derivative contracts is based on either widely accepted pricing valuation models which use independent third party data as inputs or independent third party pricing sources.
When derivatives meet specific criteria, they may be designated as accounting hedges and accounted for as fair value, cash flow, foreign currency fair value, or foreign currency cash flow hedges. When designating a derivative as an accounting hedge, we formally document the hedging relationship, risk management objective and strategy. The documentation identifies the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged and the assumptions used to assess how effective the hedging instrument is in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged item's fair value attributable to the hedged risk. In the case of a cash flow hedge, this documentation includes the exposure to changes
25
in the hedged transaction's variability in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. We do not exclude any component of the change in fair value of the hedging instrument from the effectiveness assessment. At each reporting date, we confirm that the hedging instrument continues to be highly effective in offsetting the hedged risk. The determination of whether a hedging instrument is effective both at its inception and on an on-going basis requires a significant degree of judgment. For further discussion of these policies and quantification of the impact of these estimates and assumptions, see Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements and the Investments, Market Risk, Enterprise Risk Management and Forward-looking Statements and Risk Factors sections of the MD&A.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost ("DAC") Amortization We incur significant costs in connection with acquiring business. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), costs that vary with and are primarily related to acquiring business are deferred and recorded as an asset on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
DAC related to property-liability contracts is amortized to income as premiums are earned, generally over periods of six to twelve months. The amortization methodology for DAC for Allstate Financial policies and contracts includes significant assumptions and estimates.
DAC related to traditional life insurance is amortized over the premium paying period of the related policies in proportion to the estimated revenues on such business. Assumptions relating to estimated premiums, investment income and realized capital gains and losses, as well as to all other aspects of DAC are determined based upon conditions as of the date of policy issuance and are generally not revised during the life of the policy. Any deviations from projected business in force, resulting from actual policy terminations differing from expected levels, and any estimated premium deficiencies, change the rate of amortization in the period such events occur.
DAC related to interest-sensitive life, variable annuities and investment contracts is amortized in proportion to the incidence of the present value of estimated gross profits ("EGP") over the estimated lives of the contracts. Generally, the amortization period ranges from 15-30 years. However, an assumption for the rate of contract surrenders is also used, which results in the majority of the DAC being amortized over the surrender charge period. EGP consists of estimates of the following components: benefit margins primarily from mortality, including guaranteed minimum death, income and accumulation benefits; investment margin including realized capital gains and losses; and contract administration, surrender and other contract charges, less maintenance expenses.
For variable annuity and life contracts, the most significant assumptions involved in determining EGP are the expected separate accounts fund performance after fees, surrender rates, lapse rates, and investment and mortality margins. Our long-term assumption of separate accounts fund performance net of fees is approximately 8%. Whenever actual separate accounts fund performance, based on the two most recent years, varies from 8%, we project performance levels over the next five years such that the mean return over that seven-year period equals the long-term 8% assumption. This process is referred to as "reversion to the mean" and is commonly used by the life insurance industry. Although the use of a reversion to the mean assumption is common within the industry, the parameters used in the methodology are subject to judgment and vary between companies. For example, when applying this assumption we do not allow the mean future rates of return after fees projected over the five-year period to exceed 12.75% or fall below 0%. Revisions to EGPs result in changes in the cumulative amounts expensed as a component of amortization of DAC in the period in which the revision is made. This is commonly known as "DAC unlocking".
26
For quantification of the impact of these estimates and assumptions on Allstate Financial, see the Allstate Financial Segment and Forward-looking Statements and Risk Factors sections of the MD&A and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements.
Reserve for Property-Liability Insurance Claims and Claims Expense Estimation The Property-Liability underwriting results are significantly influenced by estimates of the reserve for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense. These reserves are an estimate of amounts necessary to settle all outstanding claims, including claims that have been incurred but not reported ("IBNR"), as of the reporting date.
Allstate Protection reserve estimates are based on known facts and interpretations of circumstances, internal factors including our experience with similar cases, historical trends involving claim payment patterns, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs and product mix. In addition, the reserve estimates are influenced by external factors including law changes, court decisions, changes to regulatory requirements, economic conditions, and public attitudes. In the normal course of business, we may also supplement our claims processes by utilizing third party adjusters, appraisers, engineers, inspectors, other professionals and information sources to assess and settle catastrophe and non-catastrophe related claims. The effects of inflation are implicitly considered in the reserving process.
Because reserves are estimates of losses that have occurred, including IBNR losses, the establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, is an inherently uncertain and complex process. The highest degree of uncertainty in estimating incurred losses is associated with reserves for the current accident year because the current accident year contains the greatest proportion of losses that have not been reported or settled, and that must be estimated as of the current reporting date. That proportion diminishes in subsequent years.
The ultimate cost of losses may vary materially from recorded amounts, which are based on our best estimates. We regularly update our reserve estimates as new information becomes available and as events unfold that may affect the resolution of unsettled claims. Changes in prior year reserve estimates, which may be material, are reported in property-liability insurance claims and claims expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period such changes are determinable.
We believe our net loss reserves are appropriately established based on available facts, technology, laws and regulations. We calculate and record a single best reserve estimate, in conformance with generally accepted actuarial standards, for each line of insurance, its components (coverages and perils), and state, for reported losses and for IBNR losses. The aggregation of these estimates forms the reserve liability recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Based on our products and coverages, historical experience, and stochastic modeling of actuarial chain ladder methodologies used to develop reserve estimates, we estimate that the potential variability of our Allstate Protection reserves, within a reasonable probability of other possible outcomes, may be plus or minus 4.3%, or plus or minus $400 million in net income. Although this evaluation reflects the most likely outcomes, it is possible the final outcome may fall below or above these amounts.
Establishing Discontinued Lines and Coverages net loss reserves for asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines claims is subject to uncertainties that are much greater than those presented by other types of claims. Among the complications are lack of historical data, long reporting delays, uncertainties as to the number and identity of insureds with potential exposure, unresolved legal issues regarding policy coverage, unresolved legal issues regarding the determination, availability and timing of exhaustion of policy limits, evolving and expanding theories of liability, the risks inherent in major litigation, the availability and collectibility of recoveries from reinsurance, retrospectively determined premiums and other contractual agreements, estimations of the extent and timing of any contractual
27
liability, and other uncertainties. There are complex legal issues concerning the interpretation of various insurance policy provisions and whether those losses are covered, or were ever intended to be covered, and could be recoverable through retrospectively determined premium, reinsurance or other contractual agreements. Courts have reached different and sometimes inconsistent conclusions as to when losses are deemed to have occurred and which policies provide coverage; what types of losses are covered; whether there is an insurer obligation to defend; how policy limits are determined; how policy exclusions and conditions are applied and interpreted; and whether clean-up costs represent insured property damage. We believe these issues are not likely to be resolved in the near future, and the ultimate costs may vary materially from the amounts currently recorded resulting in material changes in loss reserves.
Management believes its net loss reserves for environmental, asbestos and other discontinued lines exposures are appropriately established based on available facts, technology, laws and regulation. Due to the uncertainties and factors described above, management believes it is not practicable to develop a meaningful range for any such additional net loss reserves that may be required.
For further discussion of these policies and quantification of the impact of reserve estimates, reserve reestimates and assumptions, see Notes 7 and 13 of the consolidated financial statements and the Catastrophe Losses, Property-Liability Claims and Claims Expense Reserves and Forward-looking Statements and Risk Factors sections of the MD&A.
Reserve for Life-Contingent Contract Benefits Estimation Long-term actuarial assumptions of future investment yields, mortality, morbidity, policy terminations and expenses are used when establishing the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits. These assumptions, which for traditional life insurance are applied using the net level premium method, include provisions for adverse deviation and generally vary by such characteristics as type of coverage, year of issue and policy duration. Future investment yield assumptions are determined at the time the policy is issued based upon prevailing investment yields as well as estimated reinvestment yields. Mortality, morbidity and policy termination assumptions are based on our experience and industry experience prevailing at the time the policies are issued. Expense assumptions include the estimated effects of inflation and expenses to be incurred beyond the premium-paying period.
For further discussion of these policies see Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements and the Forward-looking Statements and Risk Factors section of the MD&A.
PROPERTY-LIABILITY 2004 HIGHLIGHTS
28
PROPERTY-LIABILITY OPERATIONS
Overview Our Property-Liability operations consist of two business segments: Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages. Allstate Protection is comprised of two brands, the Allstate brand and Encompass brand. The Encompass brand name replaced the name Ivantage beginning in the third quarter of 2004. Allstate Protection is principally engaged in the sale of personal property and casualty insurance, primarily private passenger auto and homeowners insurance, to individuals in the United States and Canada. Discontinued Lines and Coverages includes results from insurance coverage that we no longer write and results for certain commercial and other businesses in run-off. These segments are consistent with the groupings of financial information that management uses to evaluate performance and to determine the allocation of resources.
Underwriting income (loss), a measure that is not based on GAAP and is reconciled to net income on page 30, is calculated as premiums earned, less claims and claims expense ("losses"), amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses and restructuring and related charges, as determined using GAAP. We use this measure in our evaluation of results of operations to analyze the profitability of the Property-Liability insurance operations separately from investment results. It is also an integral component of incentive compensation. It is useful for investors to evaluate the components of income separately and in the aggregate when reviewing performance. Underwriting income (loss) should not be considered as a substitute for net income and does not reflect the overall profitability of the business. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
The table below includes GAAP operating ratios we use to measure our profitability. We believe that they enhance an investor's understanding of our profitability. They are calculated as follows:
We have also calculated the following impacts of specific items on the GAAP operating ratios because of the volatility of these items between fiscal periods.
29
Summarized financial data, a reconciliation of underwriting income to net income and GAAP operating ratios for our Property-Liability operations for the years ended December 31, are presented in the following table.
(in millions, except ratios) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Premiums written | $ | 26,531 | $ | 25,187 | $ | 23,917 | ||||
Revenues | ||||||||||
Premiums earned | $ | 25,989 | $ | 24,677 | $ | 23,361 | ||||
Net investment income | 1,773 | 1,677 | 1,656 | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | 592 | 288 | (496 | ) | ||||||
Total revenues | 28,354 | 26,642 | 24,521 | |||||||
Costs and expenses |
||||||||||
Claims and claims expense | (17,843 | ) | (17,432 | ) | (17,657 | ) | ||||
Amortization of DAC | (3,874 | ) | (3,520 | ) | (3,216 | ) | ||||
Operating costs and expenses | (2,396 | ) | (2,326 | ) | (2,108 | ) | ||||
Restructuring and related charges | (46 | ) | (67 | ) | (117 | ) | ||||
Total costs and expenses | (24,159 | ) | (23,345 | ) | (23,098 | ) | ||||
Gain on disposition of operations |
|
5 |
10 |
|||||||
Income tax expense | (1,150 | ) | (780 | ) | (112 | ) | ||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | | (1 | ) | (48 | ) | |||||
Net income | $ | 3,045 | $ | 2,521 | $ | 1,273 | ||||
Underwriting income |
$ |
1,830 |
$ |
1,332 |
$ |
263 |
||||
Net investment income | 1,773 | 1,677 | 1,656 | |||||||
Income tax expense on operations | (955 | ) | (682 | ) | (290 | ) | ||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | 397 | 192 | (314 | ) | ||||||
Gain on disposition of operations, after-tax | | 3 | 6 | |||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | | (1 | ) | (48 | ) | |||||
Net income | $ | 3,045 | $ | 2,521 | $ | 1,273 | ||||
Catastrophe losses | $ | 2,468 | $ | 1,489 | $ | 731 | ||||
GAAP operating ratios | ||||||||||
Claims and claims expense ("loss") ratio | 68.7 | 70.6 | 75.6 | |||||||
Expense ratio | 24.3 | 24.0 | 23.3 | |||||||
Combined ratio | 93.0 | 94.6 | 98.9 | |||||||
Effect of catastrophe losses on loss ratio | 9.5 | 6.0 | 3.1 | |||||||
Effect of restructuring and related charges on expense ratio | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | |||||||
Effect of Discontinued Lines and Coverages on combined ratio | 2.5 | 2.3 | 1.0 | |||||||
30
ALLSTATE PROTECTION SEGMENT
Overview and Strategy Our goal for the Allstate Protection segment is to grow and achieve profitability that produces attractive returns on our auto and homeowners insurance products. We are seeking, through the utilization of our distribution channels, Tiered Pricing and consumer marketing, to attract and retain high lifetime value customers who will potentially provide favorable prospects for profitability over the course of their relationship with us. We continue to enhance technology to integrate our distribution channels, improve customer service, facilitate the introduction of new products and services and reduce infrastructure costs related to supporting agencies and handling claims. We have aligned agency and management compensation and the overall strategies of the Allstate brand to best serve our customers by basing certain incentives on Allstate brand profitability and growth and sales of Allstate Financial products. Beginning in 2003, we implemented and maintained a broader marketing approach throughout the U.S. These actions and others are designed to optimize the effectiveness of our distribution and service channels by increasing the productivity of the Allstate brand's exclusive agencies and The Good Hands® Network.
The Encompass brand business sells private passenger auto and homeowners insurance to individuals through independent agencies. Encompass brand includes standard auto and homeowners products with the EncompassSM brand name and non-standard auto products with the Deerbrook® brand name. Our strategy for the Encompass brand focuses on growing profitably, and growing in select markets, in part by using Tiered Pricing. The integration of Encompass policies onto Allstate systems has resulted in a different counting process for PIF. As a result, percent changes in PIF and average premium and the renewal ratio are subject to some distortion until the integration has been in place for a full year.
Our sophisticated process for segmenting a market ("Tiered Pricing"), and underwriting are designed to enhance both our competitive position and profit potential, and produce a broader range of premiums that is more refined than the range generated by the standard/non-standard model. Tiered Pricing includes our Strategic Risk Management ("SRM") program which considers, to the extent legally permissible, insurance scoring based on information that is obtained from credit reports as well as a number of other risk evaluation factors. At the same time, we continue to expand the number of tiers with successive rating program releases, resulting in a diminishing capacity to draw meaningful comparisons to historical presentations.
Our rating plans for private passenger auto insurance are no longer consistently segregated into standard plans and non-standard plans. In some states, we have implemented Tiered Pricing and modified our underwriting criteria in a way that allows us to write what may be considered both standard and non-standard business with one tiered-rating plan, which may also be considered a standard rating plan designed to accommodate non-standard risks. As we continue to use Tiered Pricing and underwriting, the distinctions between standard and non-standard will become less important in certain states. For this reason we are shifting our managerial focus to auto, which is the sum of standard auto and non-standard auto. We also believe it is useful for investors to analyze auto results that aggregate our standard and non-standard business. However, we will continue to provide results for standard and non-standard auto. Generally, standard auto customers are expected to have lower risks of loss than non-standard auto customers.
Substantially all of new and approximately 65% of renewal business written for Allstate brand auto uses Tiered Pricing. For Allstate brand homeowners, approximately 65% of new and 35% of renewal business written uses Tiered Pricing. For Allstate brand auto and homeowners business written under Tiered Pricing, our results indicate an increase in retention and a shift toward more customers who we consider high lifetime value and who generate more favorable loss results.
31
Another element of our strategy for our homeowners insurance business is to target customers whose risk of loss provides the best opportunity for profitable growth, including managing exposure on policies in areas where the potential loss from catastrophes exceeds acceptable levels. This includes a continual reevaluation of our countrywide catastrophe risk management strategies for hurricanes and earthquakes. Homeowners product pricing is typically intended to establish returns that we deem acceptable over a long-term period. Losses, including losses from catastrophic events and weather-related losses (such as wind, hail, lightning, freeze and water losses not meeting our criteria to be declared a catastrophe), are accrued on an occurrence basis within the policy period. Therefore, in any reporting period, loss experience from catastrophic events and weather-related losses may contribute to negative or positive underwriting performance relative to the expectations we incorporated into the products' pricing. Accordingly, homeowners products are more capital intensive than other personal lines products.
Allstate Protection's goal is to achieve pricing targets comprising a competitive combined ratio and return on equity. Our primary strategies to achieve this goal include continuing our efforts to seek approval for rate changes for all Allstate Protection products in all jurisdictions where we believe such changes are needed and can be obtained based on rate indicators, such as our projected claim frequency and severity experience and expense levels, and to pursue other actions affecting our profitability such as improving our underwriting and claims processes.
Premiums written, an operating measure, is the amount of premiums charged for policies issued during a fiscal period. Premiums earned is a GAAP measure. Premiums are considered earned and are included in the financial results on a pro-rata basis over the policy period. The portion of premiums written applicable to the unexpired terms of the policies is recorded as unearned premiums on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Since the Allstate brand policy periods are typically 6 months for auto and 12 months for homeowners, Encompass auto and homeowners policy periods are typically 12 months and Deerbrook auto policy periods are typically 6 months, rate changes taken during 2004 and 2003 will generally be recognized in premiums earned over a period of 6 to 24 months. During this period, premiums written at a higher rate will cause an increase in the balance of unearned premiums on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
32
The following table shows the unearned premium balance at December 31 and the timeframe in which we expect to recognize these premiums as earned.
|
|
|
% earned after |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
90 days |
180 days |
270 days |
360 days |
||||||||||
Allstate brand: | ||||||||||||||||
Standard auto | $ | 3,703 | $ | 3,481 | 74.5 | % | 99.0 | % | 99.8 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||
Non-standard auto | 455 | 497 | 73.0 | % | 98.0 | % | 99.5 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Auto | 4,158 | 3,978 | 74.4 | % | 98.9 | % | 99.7 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Homeowners | 3,029 | 2,736 | 43.1 | % | 75.4 | % | 94.1 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Other personal lines | 1,309 | 1,245 | 44.2 | % | 75.9 | % | 94.3 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Total Allstate brand | 8,496 | 7,959 | 58.7 | % | 87.0 | % | 96.9 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Encompass brand: |
||||||||||||||||
Standard auto | 606 | 602 | 44.3 | % | 76.1 | % | 94.3 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Non-standard auto (Deerbrook) | 36 | 45 | 75.1 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Auto | 642 | 647 | 46.1 | % | 77.4 | % | 94.6 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Homeowners | 289 | 266 | 43.3 | % | 75.2 | % | 94.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Other personal lines | 78 | 67 | 43.4 | % | 75.2 | % | 94.1 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Total Encompass brand | 1,009 | 980 | 45.1 | % | 76.6 | % | 94.4 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Total Allstate Protection unearned premiums | $ | 9,505 | $ | 8,939 | 57.2 | % | 85.9 | % | 96.6 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||
A reconciliation of premiums written to premiums earned for the years ended December 31 is presented in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Premiums written: | ||||||||||
Allstate Protection | $ | 26,527 | $ | 25,175 | $ | 23,910 | ||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 4 | 12 | 7 | |||||||
Property-Liability premiums written(1) | 26,531 | 25,187 | 23,917 | |||||||
(Increase) decrease in unearned premiums | (608 | ) | (581 | ) | (556 | ) | ||||
Other | 66 | 71 | | |||||||
Property-Liability premiums earned | $ | 25,989 | $ | 24,677 | $ | 23,361 | ||||
Premiums earned: |
||||||||||
Allstate Protection | $ | 25,983 | $ | 24,664 | $ | 23,351 | ||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 6 | 13 | 10 | |||||||
Property-Liability | $ | 25,989 | $ | 24,677 | $ | 23,361 | ||||
33
Premiums written by brand are shown in the following table.
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
New |
Renewal |
Total |
New |
Renewal |
Total |
New |
Renewal |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||
Allstate brand: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard auto | $ | 1,314 | $ | 13,177 | $ | 14,491 | $ | 1,099 | $ | 12,533 | $ | 13,632 | $ | 941 | $ | 11,884 | $ | 12,825 | ||||||||||
Non-standard auto | 276 | 1,501 | 1,777 | 275 | 1,700 | 1,975 | 384 | 1,953 | 2,337 | |||||||||||||||||||
Auto | 1,590 | 14,678 | 16,268 | 1,374 | 14,233 | 15,607 | 1,325 | 13,837 | 15,162 | |||||||||||||||||||
Homeowners | 823 | 4,816 | 5,639 | 687 | 4,466 | 5,153 | 493 | 4,160 | 4,653 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other personal lines | 562 | 1,989 | 2,551 | 551 | 1,842 | 2,393 | 454 | 1,754 | 2,208 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total Allstate brand | 2,975 | 21,483 | 24,458 | 2,612 | 20,541 | 23,153 | 2,272 | 19,751 | 22,023 | |||||||||||||||||||
Encompass brand: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard auto | 230 | 982 | 1,212 | 149 | 1,053 | 1,202 | 123 | 1,072 | 1,195 | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-standard auto (Deerbrook) | 52 | 101 | 153 | 83 | 87 | 170 | 76 | 38 | 114 | |||||||||||||||||||
Auto | 282 | 1,083 | 1,365 | 232 | 1,140 | 1,372 | 199 | 1,110 | 1,309 | |||||||||||||||||||
Homeowners | 71 | 481 | 552 | 44 | 466 | 510 | 31 | 453 | 484 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other personal lines | 40 | 112 | 152 | 41 | 99 | 140 | 8 | 86 | 94 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total Encompass brand | 393 | 1,676 | 2,069 | 317 | 1,705 | 2,022 | 238 | 1,649 | 1,887 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total Allstate Protection premiums written | $ | 3,368 | $ | 23,159 | $ | 26,527 | $ | 2,929 | $ | 22,246 | $ | 25,175 | $ | 2,510 | $ | 21,400 | $ | 23,910 | ||||||||||
Standard auto premiums written increased 5.9% to $15.70 billion in 2004 from $14.83 billion in 2003, following a 5.8% increase in 2003 from $14.02 billion in 2002.
|
Allstate brand |
Encompass brand |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard Auto |
|||||||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||
New business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 1,314 | $ | 1,099 | $ | 941 | $ | 230 | $ | 149 | $ | 123 | |||||||
New business premiums (% change) | 19.6 | 16.8 | (13.7 | ) | 54.4 | 21.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
Renewal business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 13,177 | $ | 12,533 | $ | 11,884 | $ | 982 | $ | 1,053 | $ | 1,072 | |||||||
Renewal ratio(1)(2) | 90.8 | 89.7 | 88.5 | 77.1 | 83.7 | 83.7 | |||||||||||||
PIF (% change)(1)(2) | 5.5 | 1.5 | (3.5 | ) | (5.8 | ) | (6.4 | ) | (6.4 | ) | |||||||||
Average premium (% change)(1)(2) | 1.2 | 6.7 | 8.6 | 17.5 | 11.9 | 5.9 |
The increase in Allstate brand standard auto PIF in 2004 when compared to 2003 is primarily the result of increases in new business due to the implementation of a broader marketing approach in most of the U.S. and an increased renewal ratio, which management believes is related to reduced rate activity and improved customer loyalty. Although growth in new business remains above prior year, this trend leveled off during 2004. Sequential growth of Allstate brand standard auto PIF for the last four quarters has averaged 1.4% each quarter. New business comparisons also reflect the July 2003 implementation of our new rating plan in the California market. The increase in the Allstate brand standard auto average premium in 2004 compared to 2003 is primarily due to higher average renewal premiums. The rate of increase in average premium has declined in 2004 due to the decrease in rate activity. The reduced level of rate changes in the current year are due to declines in frequency and severity as discussed in the Underwriting Results section. The increase in the Allstate brand standard auto average premium in 2003
34
when compared to 2002 is primarily due to higher average renewal premiums. Higher average renewal premiums resulted from rate actions taken in the last three years and, to a lesser degree, a normal shift by policyholders to newer and more expensive autos. The increases in new business premiums, PIF and the renewal ratio in 2003 compared to 2002 are due to an improved loss ratio driving more modest need for rate increases and to the implementation of a broader marketing approach in most of the U.S.
Encompass brand standard auto new business premiums written increased in 2004 when compared to 2003 and renewal business premiums written decreased in 2004 when compared to 2003 primarily due to increases in new PIF and rate activity, the effect of which is declining due to the decrease in rate change activity. Encompass brand standard auto premiums written increased in 2003 when compared to 2002 primarily due to profit improvement actions resulting in increased average premium per policy, partially offset by fewer PIF. Increased average premiums per policy were related to rate actions taken during the last three years. We expect the rate of decline in Encompass brand standard auto PIF to moderate. Our improved profitability has positioned us to pursue growth opportunities in this channel.
The following table shows the net rate changes that were approved for standard auto during 2004.
|
# of States |
Weighted Average Rate Change (%)(1) |
Annual Impact of Rate Changes on State Specific Premiums Written (%)(2) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | 23 | 1.3 | 3.3 | |||
Encompass brand | 29 | (3) | 2.8 | 4.4 |
Non-standard auto premiums written decreased 10.0% to $1.93 billion in 2004 from $2.15 billion in 2003, following a 12.5% decrease in 2003 from $2.45 billion in 2002.
|
Allstate brand |
Encompass brand (Deerbrook) |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Standard Auto |
||||||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||
New business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 276 | $ | 275 | $ | 384 | $ | 52 | $ | 83 | $ | 76 | ||||||
New business premiums (% change) | 0.4 | (28.4 | ) | (23.0 | ) | (37.3 | ) | 9.2 | | |||||||||
Renewal business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 1,501 | $ | 1,700 | $ | 1,953 | $ | 101 | $ | 87 | $ | 38 | ||||||
Renewal ratio(1) | 78.2 | 74.1 | 73.1 | 61.6 | 56.7 | 53.0 | ||||||||||||
PIF (% change)(1) | (11.4 | ) | (16.6 | ) | (20.6 | ) | (12.1 | ) | 26.8 | 170.4 | ||||||||
Average premium (% change)(1) | 1.7 | 3.8 | 12.2 | (5.8 | ) | (0.5 | ) | 14.9 |
Declines in Allstate brand non-standard auto renewal business premiums during 2004 and 2003 were due to a decline in PIF. Renewal PIF declined because new business production was insufficient to make up for an inherently low renewal ratio in this business, and new business PIF declined due to continued agent focus on our standard auto business. In 2004, the increase in average premium declined due to the decrease in rate activity.
35
Encompass brand (Deerbrook) non-standard premiums written have decreased slightly in 2004 compared to 2003 primarily due to declines in new business. Deerbrook non-standard renewal business premiums increased in 2003 due to the re-entry of Deerbrook in the non-standard market during 2002.
The following table shows the net rate changes that were approved for non-standard auto during 2004.
|
# of States |
Weighted Average Rate Change (%)(1) |
Annual Impact of Rate Changes on State Specific Premiums Written (%)(2) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | 8 | 1.6 | 4.6 | |||
Encompass brand (Deerbrook) | 9 | 2.1 | 3.8 |
Auto premiums written increased 3.9% to $17.63 billion in 2004 from $16.98 billion in 2003, following a 3.1% increase in 2003 from $16.47 billion in 2002. Auto includes standard auto and non-standard auto business.
|
Allstate brand |
Encompass brand |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Auto |
|||||||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||
New business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 1,590 | $ | 1,374 | $ | 1,325 | $ | 282 | $ | 232 | $ | 199 | |||||||
New business premiums (% change) | 15.7 | 3.7 | (16.6 | ) | 21.6 | 16.6 | 48.5 | ||||||||||||
Renewal business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 14,678 | $ | 14,233 | $ | 13,837 | $ | 1,083 | $ | 1,140 | $ | 1,110 | |||||||
Renewal ratio(1)(2) | 89.7 | 88.0 | 86.6 | 74.6 | 79.9 | 81.6 | |||||||||||||
PIF (% change)(1)(2) | 4.1 | (0.2 | ) | (5.5 | ) | (6.4 | ) | (4.0 | ) | (1.6 | ) | ||||||||
Average premium (% change)(1)(2) | 0.5 | 5.2 | 8.0 | 14.1 | 9.8 | 6.1 |
The following table shows the net rate changes that were approved for auto (standard and non-standard) during 2004.
|
# of States |
Weighted Average Rate Change (%)(1) |
Annual Impact of Rate Changes on State Specific Premiums Written (%)(2) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | 26 | 1.3 | 3.4 | |||
Encompass brand | 34 | (3) | 2.7 | 4.3 |
36
Homeowners premiums written increased 9.3% to $6.19 billion in 2004 from $5.66 billion in 2003, following a 10.2% increase in 2003 from $5.14 billion in 2002.
|
Allstate brand |
Encompass brand |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homeowners |
|||||||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||
New business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 823 | $ | 687 | $ | 493 | $ | 71 | $ | 44 | $ | 31 | |||||||
New business premiums (% change) | 19.8 | 39.4 | 9.8 | 61.4 | 41.9 | 24.0 | |||||||||||||
Renewal business premiums ($ millions) | $ | 4,816 | $ | 4,466 | $ | 4,160 | $ | 481 | $ | 466 | $ | 453 | |||||||
Renewal ratio(1)(2) | 88.4 | 87.5 | 87.9 | 88.5 | 87.9 | 86.8 | |||||||||||||
PIF (% change)(1)(2) | 6.4 | 3.4 | (0.5 | ) | 2.1 | (4.5 | ) | (6.2 | ) | ||||||||||
Average premium (% change)(1)(2) | 3.7 | 6.5 | 19.8 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 13.3 |
The Allstate brand homeowners PIF increase in 2004 compared to 2003 is the result of the increases in new business due to a broader marketing approach in most of the U.S. and an increased renewal ratio, which management believes is related to reduced rate activity and increased customer loyalty. Due to recent hurricanes, beginning in September 2004, we have curtailed our acceptance of new business in Florida, which will continue to adversely impact our growth in new business premiums. Sequential growth of Allstate brand homeowners PIF for the last four quarters has averaged 1.6% each quarter. The increases in average premium during 2004 and 2003 were primarily due to higher average renewal premiums in both years. Higher average renewal premiums were related to increasing home values, along with rate actions taken in the current and prior year. The reduced level of rate changes in the current year are due to declines in frequency and severity as discussed in the Underwriting Results section. The Allstate brand homeowners PIF increase in 2003 compared to 2002 was the result of the increased competitiveness of our underwriting practices, products and rates in the homeowners market.
Encompass brand homeowners new business premiums written increased in 2004 compared to 2003 due to increases in PIF and average premium. Increases in Encompass brand homeowners average premium were due to rate actions taken during the current and prior year.
The following table shows the net rate changes that were approved for homeowners during 2004.
|
# of States |
Weighted Average Rate Change (%)(1) |
Annual Impact of Rate Changes on State Specific Premiums Written (%)(2) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | 11 | 0.3 | 3.3 | |||
Encompass brand | 31 | (3) | 9.3 | 6.2 |
37
Premiums earned by brand are shown in the following table.
|
Allstate brand |
Encompass brand |
Total Allstate Protection |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Standard auto | $ | 14,290 | $ | 13,406 | $ | 12,667 | $ | 1,208 | $ | 1,195 | $ | 1,194 | $ | 15,498 | $ | 14,601 | $ | 13,861 | ||||||||||
Non-standard auto | 1,823 | 2,075 | 2,413 | 161 | 163 | 89 | 1,984 | 2,238 | 2,502 | |||||||||||||||||||
Auto | 16,113 | 15,481 | 15,080 | 1,369 | 1,358 | 1,283 | 17,482 | 16,839 | 16,363 | |||||||||||||||||||
Homeowners | 5,349 | 4,892 | 4,275 | 529 | 494 | 470 | 5,878 | 5,386 | 4,745 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 2,482 | 2,316 | 2,147 | 141 | 123 | 96 | 2,623 | 2,439 | 2,243 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 23,944 | $ | 22,689 | $ | 21,502 | $ | 2,039 | $ | 1,975 | $ | 1,849 | $ | 25,983 | $ | 24,664 | $ | 23,351 | ||||||||||
Underwriting results are shown in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Premiums written | $ | 26,527 | $ | 25,175 | $ | 23,910 | ||||
Premiums earned | $ | 25,983 | $ | 24,664 | $ | 23,351 | ||||
Claims and claims expense | (17,208 | ) | (16,858 | ) | (17,424 | ) | ||||
Amortization of DAC | (3,874 | ) | (3,520 | ) | (3,216 | ) | ||||
Other costs and expenses | (2,387 | ) | (2,316 | ) | (2,097 | ) | ||||
Restructuring and related charges | (46 | ) | (67 | ) | (117 | ) | ||||
Underwriting income | $ | 2,468 | $ | 1,903 | $ | 497 | ||||
Catastrophe losses | $ | 2,468 | $ | 1,489 | $ | 731 | ||||
Underwriting income (loss) by brand | ||||||||||
Allstate brand | $ | 2,340 | $ | 1,941 | $ | 681 | ||||
Encompass brand | 128 | (38 | ) | (184 | ) | |||||
Underwriting income | $ | 2,468 | $ | 1,903 | $ | 497 | ||||
Allstate Protection generated underwriting income of $2.47 billion during 2004 compared to $1.90 billion in 2003. The increase in underwriting income was the result of increased premiums earned, declines in auto and homeowners claim frequency (rate of claim occurrence) excluding catastrophes and favorable reserve reestimates related to prior years, partially offset by higher catastrophe losses, increased operating costs and expenses and increased current year claim severity (average cost per claim). For further discussion and quantification of the impact of reserve estimates, reserve reestimates and assumptions, see the Property-Liability Claims and Claims Expense Reserves section of the MD&A.
Claims and claims expense during 2004 includes estimated catastrophe losses of $2.00 billion, net of recoveries from the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund ("FHCF"), related to hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne. This estimate includes net losses on personal lines auto and property policies and net losses on commercial policies. For a further discussion of catastrophe losses, see page 42.
Allstate Protection generated underwriting income of $1.90 billion during 2003 compared to $497 million in 2002. The increase in underwriting income was the result of increased premiums earned, declines in auto and homeowners claim frequency and favorable prior year reserve reestimates, partially offset by increased catastrophe losses, increased operating costs and expenses and increased current year claim severity.
38
Changes in auto current year claim severity are generally influenced by inflation in the medical and auto repair sectors of the economy. We mitigate these effects through various loss management programs. Injury claims are affected largely by medical cost inflation while physical damage claims are affected largely by auto repair cost inflation and used car prices. Our rate of increase in incurred injury claim severity during 2004 and 2003 was lower than the relevant medical cost indices. We believe our claim settlement initiatives, such as improvements to the claim settlement process, medical management programs, the use of special investigative units to detect fraud and handle suspect claims, litigation management and defense strategies, as well as various loss management initiatives underway, contribute positively to the mitigation of injury severity trends. However, auto injury claim severity could offset the success of these programs; therefore, we will continue to pursue claim mitigation programs.
For auto physical damage coverages, we monitor our rate of increase in average cost per claim against a weighted average of the Body Work price index and the Used Car price index. In 2004, our rate of increase in incurred physical damage current year claim severity was generally lower than the weighted index. In 2003, our rate of increase in incurred physical damage current year claim severity was generally higher than the weighted index. We believe that results were favorably impacted by the application of enhanced claim settlement practices for auto physical damage claims. Accordingly, we continue to pursue various loss management initiatives that we expect to contribute positively to the mitigation of physical damage severity trends. However, during 2003 the increase in auto physical damage claim severity more than offset the success of these programs.
Changes in homeowners current year claim severity are generally influenced by inflation in the cost of building materials, the cost of construction and property repair services, the cost of replacing home furnishings and other contents, the types of claims that qualify for coverage, deductibles and other economic and environmental factors. In 2004 and 2003, we experienced an increase in homeowners severity compared to prior year. We employ various loss management programs to mitigate the effect of these factors; however, homeowners severity may increase, offsetting the success of these programs. We have also taken numerous actions that we expect to contribute to profitable trends in the homeowners loss ratio.
39
Loss ratios are a measure of profitability. Loss ratios by product, and expense and combined ratios by brand, are shown in the following table. These ratios are defined on page 29.
|
Loss Ratio |
Effect of Catastrophe Losses on the Loss Ratio |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
Allstate brand loss ratio: | |||||||||||||
Standard auto | 64.4 | 70.1 | 74.9 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.7 | |||||||
Non-standard auto | 53.9 | 65.6 | 72.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | |||||||
Auto | 63.2 | 69.5 | 74.5 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.6 | |||||||
Homeowners | 67.4 | 63.2 | 75.8 | 29.2 | 21.8 | 12.0 | |||||||
Other | 84.6 | 68.1 | 70.7 | 27.7 | 5.6 | 3.3 | |||||||
Total Allstate brand loss ratio |
66.3 |
68.0 |
74.4 |
9.8 |
6.2 |
3.2 |
|||||||
Allstate brand expense ratio | 23.9 | 23.5 | 22.5 | ||||||||||
Allstate brand combined ratio | 90.2 | 91.5 | 96.9 | ||||||||||
Encompass brand loss ratio: |
|||||||||||||
Standard auto | 61.3 | 69.4 | 79.1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | |||||||
Non-standard auto (Deerbrook) | 75.8 | 84.7 | 109.0 | 0.6 | 0.7 | | |||||||
Auto | 63.1 | 71.2 | 81.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | |||||||
Homeowners | 63.7 | 76.7 | 75.1 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 10.4 | |||||||
Other | 84.4 | 71.5 | 40.6 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 3.1 | |||||||
Encompass brand loss ratio |
64.7 |
72.6 |
77.5 |
5.1 |
4.9 |
3.1 |
|||||||
Encompass brand expense ratio | 29.0 | 29.3 | 32.5 | ||||||||||
Encompass brand combined ratio | 93.7 | 101.9 | 110.0 | ||||||||||
Total Allstate Protection loss ratio |
66.2 |
68.4 |
74.6 |
9.5 |
6.0 |
3.1 |
|||||||
Allstate Protection expense ratio | 24.3 | 23.9 | 23.3 | ||||||||||
Allstate Protection combined ratio | 90.5 | 92.3 | 97.9 | ||||||||||
Standard auto loss ratio declined 5.7 points for the Allstate brand and 8.1 points for the Encompass brand in 2004 when compared to 2003. These declines were due to higher premiums earned, favorable reserve reestimates related to prior years and lower claim frequency, partially offset by higher current year claim severity. Standard auto claim frequency in the fourth quarter of 2004 increased slightly over the prior year quarter due to weather related events in the last two weeks of 2004; however, our underlying frequency trends remain favorable. In 2003, the Allstate brand standard auto loss ratio declined 4.8 points and the Encompass brand standard auto loss ratio declined 9.7 points when compared to 2002. The declines in 2003 were due to higher premiums earned, lower claim frequency and favorable reserve reestimates related to prior years, partially offset by higher catastrophe losses and claim severity.
Non-standard auto loss ratio declined 11.7 points for the Allstate brand and 8.9 points for Encompass brand in 2004 when compared to 2003. These declines were due to favorable reserve reestimates related to prior years and lower claim frequency, partially offset by higher current year claim severity. In 2003, the Allstate brand non-standard loss ratio declined 6.8 points and the Encompass brand non-standard loss ratio declined 24.3 points. These declines were due to lower claim frequency, favorable reserve
40
reestimates and higher premiums earned in Encompass brand, partially offset by higher catastrophe losses and higher claim severities.
Auto loss ratio declined 6.3 points for the Allstate brand and 8.1 points for the Encompass brand in 2004 when compared to 2003. These declines were due to favorable reserve reestimates related to prior years, lower claim frequency and higher premiums earned for Allstate brand, partially offset by higher current year claim severity. In 2003, the Allstate brand auto loss ratio declined 5.0 points and the Encompass brand auto loss ratio declined 9.9 points when compared to 2002. These declines were due to higher premiums earned and lower claim frequency and favorable reserve reestimates, partially offset by higher catastrophe losses and claim severity.
Homeowners loss ratio increased 4.2 points for the Allstate brand and declined 13.0 points for the Encompass brand in 2004 when compared to 2003. These fluctuations were due to higher catastrophes partially offset by higher premiums earned, favorable reserve reestimates related to prior years and lower claim frequency, excluding catastrophes for the Allstate brand, and higher current year claim severity. In 2003, the Allstate brand loss ratio declined 12.6 points and the Encompass brand loss ratio increased 1.6 points when compared to 2002. These fluctuations were due to higher premiums earned, lower claim frequency and favorable reserve reestimates for the Allstate brand, including lower than anticipated losses in Texas related to mold claims, offset by increased catastrophe losses, higher claim severity and higher reserve reestimates for Encompass brand. Allstate brand incurred losses related to mold claims in Texas were negligible in 2003 compared to losses of $326 million in 2002.
For homeowners, we implemented programs such as market or state-specific product designs, rate increases, underwriting and rating changes, discontinuation of specific coverages, specific policy language clarifying coverage for mold claims and loss management initiatives to improve the profitability of this business. Because of the success of these programs we returned this business to profitability in 2003, although volatility in underwriting results during 2004 was caused by catastrophes.
Expense ratio for Allstate Protection increased in 2004 compared to 2003 due to higher amortization of DAC resulting from higher agent incentives and increases in marketing expense. Higher agent incentives were based on higher underlying profitability and increases in premium written. Expense ratio for Allstate Protection increased in 2003 compared to 2002 due to higher agent incentives, marketing expenditures, charitable contributions and employee-related expenses.
The impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio is included in the following table.
|
Allstate brand |
Encompass brand |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
Amortization of DAC | 14.5 | 13.9 | 13.3 | 19.6 | 19.1 | 19.8 | ||||||
Other costs and expenses | 9.2 | 9.3 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 12.6 | ||||||
Restructuring and related charges | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | ||||||
Total expense ratio | 23.9 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 29.0 | 29.3 | 32.5 | ||||||
The expense ratio for the standard auto and homeowners businesses generally approximate the total Allstate Protection expense ratio of 24.3 in 2004, 23.9 in 2003 and 23.3 in 2002. The expense ratio for the non-standard auto business generally is lower than the total Allstate Protection expense ratio due to lower agent commission rates and higher average premiums for non-standard auto as compared to standard auto. The Encompass brand expense ratio is higher on average than the expense ratio of the Allstate brand due to higher commission rates and licensing fees paid to CNA Financial Corporation.
41
Allstate Protection underwriting income was impacted by restructuring charges. For a more detailed discussion of these charges, see Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements. Net income was also favorably impacted in 2003 by adjustments for prior year tax liabilities totaling $69 million.
DAC We establish a DAC asset for costs that vary with and are primarily related to acquiring business, principally agents' remuneration, premium taxes, certain underwriting and direct mail solicitation expenses. For the Allstate Protection business, DAC is amortized to income consistent with the timeframes in which premiums are earned.
The balance of DAC for each product type at December 31, is included in the following table.
|
Allstate brand |
Encompass brand |
Total Allstate Protection |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Standard auto | $ | 537 | $ | 491 | $ | 123 | $ | 112 | $ | 660 | $ | 603 | |||||||
Non-standard auto | 62 | 63 | 4 | 5 | 66 | 68 | |||||||||||||
Auto | 599 | 554 | 127 | 117 | 726 | 671 | |||||||||||||
Homeowners | 447 | 392 | 61 | 52 | 508 | 444 | |||||||||||||
Other personal lines | 213 | 198 | 13 | 12 | 226 | 210 | |||||||||||||
Total DAC | $ | 1,259 | $ | 1,144 | $ | 201 | $ | 181 | $ | 1,460 | $ | 1,325 | |||||||
Catastrophe Losses are an inherent risk of the property-liability insurance industry that have contributed, and will continue to contribute, to potentially material year-to-year fluctuations in our results of operations and financial position. We define a "catastrophe" as an event that produces pre-tax losses before reinsurance in excess of $1 million and involves multiple first party policyholders, or an event that produces a number of claims in excess of a preset, per-event threshold of average claims in a specific area, occurring within a certain amount of time following the event. Catastrophes are caused by various natural events including earthquakes, volcanoes, wildfires, tornadoes, hailstorms, hurricanes, tropical storms, high winds and winter storms. We are also exposed to human-made catastrophic events, such as certain acts of terrorism or industrial accidents. The nature and level of catastrophes in any period cannot be predicted.
Over time we have limited our aggregate insurance exposure to catastrophe losses in certain regions of the country that are subject to high levels of natural catastrophes. Actions we have taken to limit our exposure include purchase of reinsurance in certain states; restricting the amount and location of new business; limiting the availability of certain policy coverages; placing policies with third parties; and increasing our participation in catastrophe pools. However, the impact of these actions may be diminished by the growth in insured values, the effect of state insurance laws and regulations and by the effect of competitive considerations. We have also requested and received rate increases and have expanded the use of hurricane, tropical cyclone and earthquake deductibles in certain regions that are subject to high levels of catastrophes.
We consider the greatest areas of potential catastrophe losses due to hurricanes to be major metropolitan centers near the eastern and gulf coasts of the United States, and the greatest areas of potential catastrophe losses due to earthquakes to be California, areas surrounding the New Madrid fault system in the Midwest and faults in and surrounding Seattle, Washington and Charleston, South Carolina. For further disclosure of our participation in the FHCF, Citizens Property Insurance Corporation and the California Earthquake Authority ("CEA"), which limit our exposure to catastrophes in certain areas, see Notes 9 and 13 of the consolidated financial statements.
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We include catastrophe losses in property-liability claims and claims expense. As a result, catastrophe losses affect both our underwriting results and loss ratios. During 2004, catastrophe losses totaled $2.47 billion, compared to catastrophe losses of $1.49 billion in 2003 and $731 million in 2002. Of the $2.47 billion of catastrophe losses incurred during 2004, $2.00 billion related to hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne, which struck portions of Florida, the southeastern seaboard, and other parts of the United States.
Estimates of losses from hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne at December 31, 2004 are shown in the table below:
(in millions) Personal Lines |
Gross Losses |
FHCF Recoveries |
Net Losses |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charley (August 13) | $ | 756 | ($ | 323 | ) | $ | 433 | |||
Frances (September 3) | 650 | (235 | ) | 415 | ||||||
Ivan (September 14) | 576 | (47 | ) | 529 | ||||||
Jeanne (September 25) | 330 | | 330 | |||||||
Subtotal | $ | 2,312 | ($ | 605 | ) | 1,707 | ||||
Commercial |
393 |
(98 |
) |
295 |
||||||
Total Loss Estimate | $ | 2,705 | $ | (703 | ) | $ | 2,002 | |||
Since our preliminary provision for losses of $1.64 billion, net of recoveries from the FHCF, as of September 30, 2004, we revised our provision for these four hurricane losses to $2.00 billion, net of recoveries from the FHCF, as of December 31, 2004. Estimates of losses for these storms were increased due to increased estimates of claim severity on personal lines and commercial property claims in Florida. When the initial estimates for these storms were prepared in the third quarter, these storms had only recently occurred, very few losses had been paid, and due to the extensive devastation and massive scale of these storms, it was not possible to gain access to and physically inspect a sufficiently large portion of claims. During the fourth quarter, property inspections were completed by claim adjusters and, consequently, we were able to develop more accurate assessments of the actual cost of physical damages. A significant amount of these losses have been paid.
Estimates of gross qualifying personal property losses for Charley, Frances and Ivan have exceeded the $312 million per occurrence FHCF retention, thus permitting reimbursement of 90% of qualifying losses above the retention. For Jeanne, estimated qualifying property losses are $279 million, which is below the FHCF retention. Estimates of qualifying commercial habitational property losses for Charley and Frances have exceeded the $30 million per occurrence FHCF retention. For Ivan and Jeanne, estimated qualifying commercial habitational property losses are $27 million and $14 million, respectively, which are below the FHCF retention. For all of the storms, any adverse development of losses not qualifying for FHCF reimbursement will adversely impact net income if and when determined.
The current estimates of losses for these storms have a much greater degree of certainty than previous estimates, which were prepared shortly after these storms occurred. However, there are still factors and complications that may cause future development of these estimates to be either favorable or unfavorable. Among other things, there are still claims to be reported; we are still evaluating the impact in communities that were hit by more than one hurricane; and our evaluation of losses is complicated by the fact that property damage resulted from both flooding, which Allstate policies do not cover, and high winds, which Allstate policies typically do cover. In addition, because of increased demand for services and supplies in the areas affected by the hurricanes and the length of time required to repair the
43
damage, our loss estimates may not accurately reflect inflated costs of repair. Finally, the net loss estimates could be affected by the amount of FHCF reimbursements actually received.
Historical Catastrophe Experience In the last 13 years, the average annual impact of catastrophes on our Property-Liability loss ratio was 6.5 pts. However, this average does not reflect the impact of some of the more significant actions we have taken to limit our catastrophe exposure. Consequently, we think it is useful to consider the impact of catastrophes after excluding losses that are now substantially covered by the CEA, FHCF or placed with a third party. The average annual impact of all catastrophes, excluding losses from Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki and losses from California earthquakes, on our Property-Liability loss ratio was 4.4 during the last 13 years. Comparatively, the average annual impact of catastrophes on the homeowners loss ratio over the last 12 years, excluding losses from Hurricane Andrew, California earthquakes and Hawaii hurricanes during that period was 16.3 points, with an impact of 16.2 in areas bordering the eastern and gulf coasts with hurricane exposure and an impact of 16.5 in all other areas.
Allstate Protection Outlook
44
DISCONTINUED LINES AND COVERAGES SEGMENT
Overview The Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment includes results from insurance coverage that we no longer write and results for certain commercial and other businesses in run-off. We have assigned management of this segment to a designated group of professionals with expertise in claims handling, policy coverage interpretation and exposure identification. Our exposure to asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines claims arises in this segment.
Summarized underwriting results for the years ended December 31, are presented in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Premiums written | $ | 4 | $ | 12 | $ | 7 | ||||
Premiums earned | $ | 6 | $ | 13 | $ | 10 | ||||
Claims and claims expense | (635 | ) | (574 | ) | (233 | ) | ||||
Other costs and expenses | (9 | ) | (10 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||
Underwriting loss | $ | (638 | ) | $ | (571 | ) | $ | (234 | ) | |
During 2004, the underwriting loss was primarily due to reestimates of asbestos reserves totaling $463 million, and an increase of $136 million in the allowance for future uncollectible reinsurance. The cost of administering claims settlements totaled $22 million, $23 million and $39 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
During 2003, the underwriting loss was also primarily due to our annual review of reserves for asbestos, environmental, and other discontinued lines exposures, resulting in an increase in reserves totaling $514 million, including increases for asbestos of $442 million, $34 million due to new information received for two manufacturing insureds in bankruptcy, and $38 million for an excess insurance policyholder who submitted new and unanticipated claims that were for previously not designated, and therefore unexpected, coverage years.
See the Property-Liability Claims and Claims Expense Reserves for a more detailed discussion.
Discontinued Lines and Coverages Outlook
PROPERTY-LIABILITY INVESTMENT RESULTS
Net investment income increased 5.7% in 2004 when compared to last year, after increasing 1.3% in 2003 when compared to 2002. These increases were due to higher portfolio balances resulting from positive cash flows from operations and investment activities and higher income from partnerships, partially offset by lower portfolio yields.
45
The following table presents the average pre-tax investment yields(1) for the year ended December 31.
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed income securities: tax-exempt | 5.4 | % | 5.5 | % | 5.6 | % | |
Fixed income securities: tax-exempt equivalent | 7.9 | 7.8 | 8.0 | ||||
Fixed income securities: taxable | 5.2 | 5.5 | 6.5 | ||||
Equity securities | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | ||||
Mortgage loans | 5.5 | 7.7 | 5.8 | ||||
Total portfolio | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
Net realized capital gains and losses, after-tax were $397 million in 2004 compared to $192 million in 2003 and $(314) million in 2002. The following table presents the factors driving the net realized capital gains and losses results.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Investment write-downs | $ | (46 | ) | $ | (110 | ) | $ | (148 | ) | |
Dispositions | 697 | 385 | (129 | ) | ||||||
Valuation of derivative instruments | 10 | 10 | (24 | ) | ||||||
Settlements of derivative instruments | (69 | ) | 3 | (195 | ) | |||||
Realized capital gains and losses, pretax | 592 | 288 | (496 | ) | ||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (195 | ) | (96 | ) | 182 | |||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | $ | 397 | $ | 192 | $ | (314 | ) | |||
For a further discussion of net realized capital gains and losses, see the Investments section of the MD&A.
Investment Outlook
PROPERTY-LIABILITY CLAIMS AND CLAIMS EXPENSE RESERVES
Underwriting results of Property-Liability are significantly influenced by estimates of property-liability claims and claims expense reserves. We describe our reserve process in the Application of Critical Accounting Policies section of the MD&A and Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements. These reserves are an estimate of amounts necessary to settle all outstanding claims, including IBNR claims, as of the reporting date.
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Reserves are established for claims as they occur for each line of business based on estimates of the ultimate cost to settle the claims. The actual loss results are compared to prior estimates and differences are recorded as reserve reestimates. The primary actuarial technique used to estimate reserves and provide for losses is a "chain ladder" estimation process in which historical loss patterns are applied to actual paid losses and reported losses (paid losses plus individual case reserves set by claim adjusters) for an accident year or a report year to create an estimate of how losses are likely to develop over time. An accident year refers to classifying claims based on the year in which the claims occurred. A report year refers to classifying claims based on the year in which the claims are reported. Both classifications are used to prepare estimates of required reserves for payments to be made in the future.
In the chain ladder estimation technique, a ratio (development factor) is calculated which compares current results to results in the prior period for each accident year. A three-year or two-year average development factor, based on historical results, is usually multiplied by the current experience to estimate the development of losses of each accident year from the current time period into the next time period. The development factors for the next time periods for each accident year are compounded over the remaining calendar years to calculate an estimate of ultimate losses for each accident year. Occasionally, unusual aberrations in loss patterns are caused by factors such as changes in claim reporting, settlement patterns, unusually large losses, process changes, legal or regulatory changes, and other influences. In these instances, analyses of alternate development factor selections are performed to evaluate the effect of these factors, and actuarial judgment is applied to make appropriate development factor assumptions needed to develop a best estimate of ultimate losses. Paid losses are then subtracted from estimated ultimate losses to determine the indicated reserves. The difference between indicated reserves and recorded reserves is the amount of reserve reestimate.
Reserves are reestimated quarterly. When new development factors are calculated from actual losses, and they differ from estimated development factors used in previous reserve estimates, assumptions about losses and required reserves are revised based on the new development factors. Changes to reserves are recorded in the period in which development factor changes result in reserve reestimates.
Over one thousand actuarial estimates of the types described above are prepared each quarter to monitor losses for each line of insurance, major components of losses (such as coverages and perils), major states or groups of states and for reported losses and IBNR. Often, several different estimates are prepared for each detailed component, incorporating alternative analyses of changing claim settlement patterns and other influences on losses, from which we select our best estimate for each component, occasionally incorporating additional analyses and actuarial judgment, as described above. These estimates also incorporate the historical impact of inflation into reserve estimates, the implicit assumption being that a multi-year average development factor represents an adequate provision. Based on our review of these estimates, our best estimate of required reserves for each state/line/coverage component is recorded for each accident year, and the required reserves for each component are summed to create the reserve balances carried on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
The facts and circumstances leading to our reestimate of reserves relate to revisions to the development factors used to predict how losses are likely to develop from the end of a reporting period until all claims have been paid. Reestimates occur because actual losses are different than that predicted by the estimated development factors used in prior reserve estimates. At December 31, 2004, the impact of a reserve reestimation resulting in a one percent increase in net reserves would be a decrease of approximately $110 million in net income. A reserve reestimation resulting in a one percent decrease in net reserves would increase net income by approximately $110 million. For a further description of our reserving policies and the potential variability in our reserve estimates, see the Application of Critical Accounting Policies section of the MD&A.
47
For Allstate Protection, at each reporting date the highest degree of uncertainty in estimates of losses arises from claims remaining to be settled for the current accident year and the most recent preceding accident year. The greatest degree of uncertainty exists in the current accident year because, at the end of the current accident year, the percentage of losses that have not been reported or settled and that consequently must be estimated, is higher than it will be as time elapses. Most of these losses relate to damaged property such as automobiles and to medical care for injuries from accidents. During the first year after the end of an accident year, a large portion of the total losses for that accident year are settled. When accident year losses paid through the end of the first year following the accident year are incorporated into updated actuarial estimates, the trends inherent in the settlement of claims emerge more clearly. Consequently, this is the point in time at which we tend to make our largest reestimates of losses for an accident year. After the second year, the losses that we pay for an accident year typically relate to claims that are more difficult to settle, such as those involving serious injuries or litigation. Private passenger auto insurance provides a good illustration of the uncertainty of future loss estimates: our typical annual percentage payout of reserves (estimated losses) for an accident year is approximately 45% in the first year after the end of the accident year, 25% in the second year, 10% in the third year, 10% in the fourth year, and the remaining 10% thereafter.
The table below shows total net reserves as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 for Allstate brand, Encompass brand and Discontinued Lines and Coverages lines of business.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | $ | 13,204 | $ | 12,866 | $ | 12,361 | |||
Encompass brand | 1,230 | 1,277 | 1,227 | ||||||
Total Allstate Protection | $ | 14,434 | $ | 14,143 | $ | 13,588 | |||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 2,327 | 1,837 | 1,430 | ||||||
Total Property-Liability | $ | 16,761 | $ | 15,980 | $ | 15,018 | |||
The table below shows net reserves representing the estimated cost of outstanding claims as they were recorded at the beginning of years 2004, 2003 and 2002, and the effect of reestimates in each year.
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
|||||||||||||
Allstate brand | $ | 12,866 | $ | (872 | ) | $ | 12,361 | $ | (209 | ) | $ | 12,092 | $ | 386 | |||||
Encompass brand | 1,277 | 7 | 1,227 | 36 | 1,247 | 68 | |||||||||||||
Total Allstate Protection | $ | 14,143 | $ | (865 | ) | $ | 13,588 | $ | (173 | ) | $ | 13,339 | $ | 454 | |||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 1,837 | 635 | 1,430 | 574 | 1,494 | 231 | |||||||||||||
Total Property-Liability | $ | 15,980 | $ | (230 | ) | $ | 15,018 | $ | 401 | $ | 14,833 | $ | 685 | ||||||
Reserve reestimates, after-tax | $ | (150 | ) | $ | 261 | $ | 445 | ||||||||||||
Net income | 3,181 | 2,705 | 1,134 | ||||||||||||||||
Reserve reestimates as a % of net income | 4.7 | % | (9.6 | )% | (39.2 | )% | |||||||||||||
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The table below shows Allstate Protection net reserves representing the estimated cost of outstanding claims as they were recorded at the beginning of years 2004, 2003 and 2002, and the effect of reestimates in each year.
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
|||||||||||||
Auto | $ | 10,419 | $ | (657 | ) | $ | 10,378 | $ | (221 | ) | $ | 10,339 | $ | 44 | |||||
Homeowners | 1,873 | (169 | ) | 1,664 | 13 | 1,488 | 367 | ||||||||||||
Other Lines | 1,851 | (39 | ) | 1,546 | 35 | 1,512 | 43 | ||||||||||||
Total Allstate Protection | $ | 14,143 | $ | (865 | ) | $ | 13,588 | $ | (173 | ) | $ | 13,339 | $ | 454 | |||||
Underwriting income (loss) | 2,468 | 1,903 | 497 | ||||||||||||||||
Reserve reestimates as a % of underwriting income (loss) | 35.0 | % | 9.1 | % | (91.3 | )% | |||||||||||||
Auto reserve reestimates in 2004 and 2003 were primarily the result of auto injury severity development in 2003 and 2002 that was better than expected and late reported loss development that was better than expected due to lower frequency trends in recent years. Auto reserve reestimates in 2002 were primarily due to increasing severity trends for automobile repair and medical costs of $55 million for Encompass brand operations and $17 million for Canadian operations, partially offset by reduced reserve reestimates for the Allstate brand.
Homeowners reserve reestimates in 2004 were primarily due to late reported loss development that was better than expected. Homeowners reserve reestimates in 2003 were primarily due to severity development that was greater than expected and additional losses from the 1994 Northridge earthquake, partially offset by the release of reserves due to lower than anticipated losses in Texas related to mold claims.
Homeowners reserve reestimates in 2002 were primarily due to claim severity and late reported losses that were greater than the level anticipated in previous reserve estimates. This resulted in reserve reestimates including $78 million related to IBNR, $95 million related to claim severity and $169 million related to mold claims in Texas. In addition, reserves were increased $25 million for settlement of losses remaining from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. In March 2002, a new Texas homeowner policy form was implemented that restricted mold coverage from what had been provided by a previous broad state-mandated policy form. As a result, coverage provided and the incidence of losses for mold diminished in the second half of the year. Reserve reestimates in 2003 and 2002 for the 1994 Northridge earthquake losses were to provide for higher than anticipated losses resulting from settlement of class action litigation and due to greater than expected additional losses and expenses caused by coverage afforded due to the passage of California's Senate Bill 1899 in 1999.
Other lines reserve reestimates in 2004, 2003, and 2002 were primarily the result of claim severity development different than anticipated in previous estimates.
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Pending, new and closed claims for Allstate Protection, for the years ended December 31, are summarized in the following table.
Number of Claims |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Auto | |||||||
Pending, beginning of year | 569,549 | 635,304 | 684,324 | ||||
New | 5,367,891 | 5,480,516 | 5,973,807 | ||||
Total closed | (5,386,229 | ) | (5,546,271 | ) | (6,022,827 | ) | |
Pending, end of year | 551,211 | 569,549 | 635,304 | ||||
Homeowners | |||||||
Pending, beginning of year | 62,080 | 87,058 | 87,743 | ||||
New | 995,569 | 962,673 | 966,023 | ||||
Total closed | (972,739 | ) | (987,651 | ) | (966,708 | ) | |
Pending, end of year | 84,910 | 62,080 | 87,058 | ||||
Other lines | |||||||
Pending, beginning of year | 46,671 | 53,117 | 53,851 | ||||
New | 385,298 | 356,037 | 386,453 | ||||
Total closed | (371,397 | ) | (362,483 | ) | (387,187 | ) | |
Pending, end of year | 60,572 | 46,671 | 53,117 | ||||
Total Allstate Protection | |||||||
Pending, beginning of year | 678,300 | 775,479 | 825,918 | ||||
New | 6,748,758 | 6,799,226 | 7,326,283 | ||||
Total closed | (6,730,365 | ) | (6,896,405 | ) | (7,376,722 | ) | |
Pending, end of year | 696,693 | 678,300 | 775,479 | ||||
We believe the net loss reserves for Allstate Protection exposures are appropriately established based on available facts, technology, laws and regulations.
The following tables reflect the accident years to which the reestimates shown above are applicable for Allstate brand, Encompass brand and Discontinued Lines and Coverages lines of business. Favorable reserve reestimates are shown in these tables in parentheses.
2004 Prior year reserve reestimates
(in millions) |
1994 & Prior |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | $ | 131 | $ | 28 | $ | 11 | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (26 | ) | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (102 | ) | $ | (105 | ) | $ | (192 | ) | $ | (549 | ) | $ | (872 | ) | ||||
Encompass brand | (4 | ) | | | | | 8 | 10 | 2 | 9 | (18 | ) | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total Allstate Protection | 127 | 28 | 11 | (11 | ) | (26 | ) | (49 | ) | (92 | ) | (103 | ) | (183 | ) | (567 | ) | (865 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 635 | | | | | | | | | | 635 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Property-Liability | $ | 762 | $ | 28 | $ | 11 | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (26 | ) | $ | (49 | ) | $ | (92 | ) | $ | (103 | ) | $ | (183 | ) | $ | (567 | ) | $ | (230 | ) | ||||
50
2003 Prior year reserve reestimates
(in millions) |
1993 & Prior |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | $ | 50 | $ | 38 | $ | 7 | $ | 17 | $ | 19 | $ | 26 | $ | 4 | $ | (21 | ) | $ | (78 | ) | $ | (271 | ) | $ | (209 | ) | ||||||||
Encompass brand | (2 | ) | | | | | | | 12 | 10 | 16 | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Allstate Protection | 48 | 38 | 7 | 17 | 19 | 26 | 4 | (9 | ) | (68 | ) | (255 | ) | (173 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 574 | | | | | | | | | | 574 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Property-Liability | $ | 622 | $ | 38 | $ | 7 | $ | 17 | $ | 19 | $ | 26 | $ | 4 | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (68 | ) | $ | (255 | ) | $ | 401 | |||||||||
2002 Prior year reserve reestimates
(in millions) |
1992 & Prior |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
Total |
||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allstate brand | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 25 | $ | 4 | $ | 1 | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 2 | $ | 57 | $ | 324 | $ | 386 | |||||||
Encompass brand | | | | | | | | 17 | 23 | 28 | 68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Allstate Protection | (3 | ) | (6 | ) | 25 | 4 | 1 | (14 | ) | (4 | ) | 19 | 80 | 352 | 454 | ||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 231 | | | | | | | | | | 231 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Property-Liability | $ | 228 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 25 | $ | 4 | $ | 1 | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 19 | $ | 80 | $ | 352 | $ | 685 | ||||||||
Allstate brand The Allstate brand experienced $872 million of favorable prior year reserve reestimates in 2004. This was primarily due to auto injury severity development that was better than expected and late reported loss development that was better than expected due to lower frequency trends in recent years.
The Allstate brand experienced $209 million of favorable prior year reserve reestimates in 2003. This was primarily due to auto injury severity and late reported loss development that was better than expected and the release of reserves due to lower than anticipated losses in Texas related to mold claims.
The Allstate brand experienced $386 million of unfavorable prior year reserve reestimates in 2002. This was primarily due to $338 million of homeowners reestimates resulting from claim severity development and late reported losses that were greater than what was anticipated in previous reserve estimates, including $169 million related to mold claims in Texas and $25 million for settlement of losses remaining from the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Reestimates of reserves from prior years for auto and other businesses were $48 million for the year, of which $20 million was for Canadian business reserves. These reestimates were primarily due to increasing inflationary pressures on auto severities and for some of the small non-auto products.
These trends are primarily responsible for revisions to loss development factors, as previously described, used to predict how losses are likely to develop from the end of a reporting period until all claims have been paid. Because these trends cause actual losses to differ from those predicted by the estimated development factors used in prior reserve estimates, reserves are revised as actuarial studies validate new trends, based on the indications of updated development factor calculations.
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The impact of these reestimates on the Allstate brand underwriting income (loss) is shown in the table below.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reserve reestimates | $ | 872 | $ | 209 | $ | (386 | ) | |||
Allstate brand underwriting income (loss) | 2,340 | 1,941 | 681 | |||||||
Reserve reestimates as a % of underwriting income (loss) | 37.3 | % | 10.8 | % | (56.7 | )% |
Encompass brand Reserve reestimates in 2004, 2003 and 2002 were related to higher than anticipated claim settlement costs.
The impact of these reestimates on the Encompass brand underwriting (loss) income is shown in the table below.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reserve reestimates | $ | (7 | ) | $ | (36 | ) | $ | (68 | ) | |
Encompass brand underwriting (loss) income | 128 | (38 | ) | (184 | ) | |||||
Reserve reestimates as a % of underwriting (loss) income | (5.5 | )% | (94.7 | )% | (37.0 | )% |
Discontinued Lines and Coverages We conduct an annual review in the third quarter of each year to evaluate and establish asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines reserves. Reserves are recorded in the reporting period in which they are determined. Using established industry and actuarial best practices and assuming no change in the regulatory or economic environment, this detailed and comprehensive "ground up" methodology determines reserves based on assessments of the characteristics of exposure (e.g. claim activity, potential liability, jurisdiction, products versus non-products exposure) presented by individual policyholders.
Reserve reestimates for the Discontinued Lines and Coverages, as shown in the table below, were increased primarily for asbestos in 2004 and 2003, and for asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines losses in 2002.
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
Jan 1 Reserves |
Reserve Reestimate |
|||||||||||||
Asbestos Claims | $ | 1,079 | $ | 463 | $ | 635 | $ | 520 | $ | 675 | $ | 121 | |||||||
Environmental Claims | 257 | | 304 | 2 | 343 | 26 | |||||||||||||
Other Discontinued Lines | 501 | 172 | 491 | 52 | 476 | 84 | |||||||||||||
Total Discontinued Lines and Coverages | $ | 1,837 | $ | 635 | $ | 1,430 | $ | 574 | $ | 1,494 | $ | 231 | |||||||
Underwriting (loss) income | (638 | ) | (571 | ) | (234 | ) | |||||||||||||
Reserve reestimates as a % of underwriting (loss) income | (99.5 | )% | (100.5 | )% | (98.7 | )% | |||||||||||||
Reserve additions for asbestos in 2004, totaling $463 million, were primarily for products-related coverage. This increase essentially was a result of a continuing level of increased claim activity being reported by excess insurance policyholders with existing active claims, and reestimates of liabilities for increased assumed reinsurance cessions, as ceding companies (other insurance carriers) also experienced increased claim activity. Increased claim activity over prior estimates has also resulted in an
52
increased estimate for future claims reported. These trends are consistent with the trends of other carriers in the industry, which we believe are related to increased publicity and awareness of coverage, ongoing litigation, potential congressional activity and bankruptcy actions. During 2004, reserve reestimates, including an increase in the allowance for future uncollectible reinsurance recoverables, included $150 million for other discontinued lines exposures in run-off, and $22 million related to the cost of administering claim settlements and miscellaneous run-off exposures.
Reserve additions for asbestos in 2003, totaling $520 million, were primarily for products-related coverage. This increase essentially was a result of more claimants being reported by excess insurance policyholders with existing active claims and new claims being reported in our assumed reinsurance business. This trend is consistent with the trends of other carriers in the industry. We believe it is related to increased publicity and awareness of coverage, ongoing litigation, potential congressional activity and bankruptcy actions. During 2003, reserve reestimates included $29 million for other discontinued lines exposures in run-off, and $23 million related to the cost of administering claim settlements and miscellaneous run-off exposures.
In 2002, asbestos reserves were increased by $121 million primarily due to final settlement of exposure to an insured and adverse reestimates on other estimated asbestos losses due to an increase in claims from smaller more peripheral exposures. Pending asbestos claims related to excess policies issued to manufacturers that have filed for bankruptcy protection also increased to a minor extent. Reserve reestimates also included $45 million for other discontinued lines exposures in run-off and $39 million related to the cost of administering claim settlements and miscellaneous run-off exposures.
Our exposure to asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines claims arises principally from assumed reinsurance coverage written during the 1960s through the mid-1980s, including reinsurance on primary insurance written on large United States companies, and from direct excess insurance written from 1972 through 1985, including substantial excess general liability coverages on Fortune 500 companies. Additional exposure stems from direct primary commercial insurance written during the 1960s through the mid-1980s. Other discontinued lines exposures primarily relate to general liability and product liability mass tort claims, such as those for medical devices and other products.
In 1986, the general liability policy form used by us and others in the property-liability industry was amended to introduce an "absolute pollution exclusion," which excluded coverage for environmental damage claims, and to add an asbestos exclusion. Most general liability policies issued prior to 1987 contain annual aggregate limits for product liability coverage. General liability policies issued in 1987 and thereafter contain annual aggregate limits for product liability coverage and annual aggregate limits for all coverages. Our experience to date is that these policy form changes have limited the extent of our exposure to environmental and asbestos claim risks.
Our exposure to liability for asbestos, environmental, and other discontinued lines losses manifests differently depending on whether it arises from assumed reinsurance coverage, direct excess insurance, or direct primary commercial insurance. The direct insurance coverage we provided that covered asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines was substantially "excess" in nature.
Direct excess insurance and reinsurance involve coverage written by us for specific layers of protection above retentions and other insurance plans. The nature of excess coverage and reinsurance provided to other insurers limits our exposure to loss to specific layers of protection in excess of policyholder retention or primary insurance plans. Our exposure is further limited by the significant reinsurance that we have purchased on our excess business.
53
Our assumed reinsurance business involved writing generally small participations in other insurers' reinsurance programs. The reinsured losses in which we participate may be a proportion of all eligible losses or eligible losses in excess of defined retentions. The majority of our assumed reinsurance exposure, approximately 85%, is for excess of loss coverage, while the remaining 15% is for pro-rata coverage.
Our direct primary commercial insurance business did not include coverage to large asbestos manufacturers. This business comprises a cross section of policyholders engaged in many diverse business sectors located throughout the country.
The table below summarizes reserves and claim activity for asbestos and environmental claims before (Gross) and after (Net) the effects of reinsurance for the past three years.
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions, except ratios) |
Gross |
Net |
Gross |
Net |
Gross |
Net |
|||||||||||||
Asbestos claims | |||||||||||||||||||
Beginning reserves | $ | 1,583 | $ | 1,079 | $ | 904 | $ | 635 | $ | 929 | $ | 675 | |||||||
Incurred claims and claims expense | 971 | 463 | 800 | 520 | 180 | 121 | |||||||||||||
Claims and claims expense paid | (127 | ) | (78 | ) | (121 | ) | (76 | ) | (205 | ) | (161 | ) | |||||||
Ending reserves | $ | 2,427 | $ | 1,464 | $ | 1,583 | $ | 1,079 | $ | 904 | $ | 635 | |||||||
Annual survival ratio | 19.1 | 18.8 | 13.1 | 14.2 | 4.4 | 3.9 | |||||||||||||
3-year survival ratio | 16.1 | 13.9 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 | |||||||||||||
Environmental claims |
|||||||||||||||||||
Beginning reserves | $ | 315 | $ | 257 | $ | 393 | $ | 304 | $ | 444 | $ | 343 | |||||||
Incurred claims and claims expense | 1 | | | 2 | 34 | 26 | |||||||||||||
Claims and claims expense paid | (35 | ) | (25 | ) | (78 | ) | (49 | ) | (85 | ) | (65 | ) | |||||||
Ending reserves | $ | 281 | $ | 232 | $ | 315 | $ | 257 | $ | 393 | $ | 304 | |||||||
Annual survival ratio | 8.1 | 9.1 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.7 | |||||||||||||
3-year survival ratio | 4.3 | 5.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.1 | |||||||||||||
Combined environmental and asbestos claims |
|||||||||||||||||||
Annual survival ratio | 16.7 | 16.4 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 4.5 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||
3-year survival ratio | 12.5 | 11.2 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 | |||||||||||||
Percentage of IBNR in ending reserves | 61.6 | % | 59.9 | % | 53.5 | % |
The survival ratio is calculated by taking our ending reserves divided by payments made during the year. This is a commonly used but extremely simplistic and imprecise approach to measuring the adequacy of asbestos and environmental reserve levels. Many factors, such as mix of business, level of coverage provided and settlement procedures have significant impacts on the amount of environmental and asbestos claims and claims expense reserves, claim payments and the resultant ratio. As payments result in corresponding reserve reductions, survival ratios can be expected to vary over time.
In 2004 and 2003, the asbestos survival ratios improved due to higher reserve balances and relatively low payments. In 2004, the environmental survival ratios improved due to lower claim payments paid, while in 2003 the ratios declined slightly due to a lower reserve balance.
54
The total commutations, policy buy-backs, and settlement agreements and the survival ratios for asbestos and environmental claims for 2004, 2003 and 2002 excluding these commutations, policy buy-backs, and settlement agreements, are represented in the following table.
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions, except ratios) |
Gross |
Net |
Gross |
Net |
Gross |
Net |
||||||||||||
Asbestos claims | ||||||||||||||||||
Commutations, policy buy-backs & settlement agreements | $ | 32 | $ | 22 | $ | 54 | $ | 33 | $ | 118 | $ | 102 | ||||||
Annual survival ratio | 25.2 | 25.5 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 9.5 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||
3-year survival ratio | 31.7 | 28.4 | 21.9 | 22.2 | 11.0 | 12.5 | ||||||||||||
Environmental claims |
||||||||||||||||||
Commutations, policy buy-backs & settlement agreements | $ | 22 | $ | 14 | $ | 42 | $ | 24 | $ | 29 | $ | 22 | ||||||
Annual survival ratio | 21.7 | 20.7 | 8.4 | 10.0 | 6.6 | 6.9 | ||||||||||||
3-year survival ratio | 9.7 | 10.0 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 9.5 | ||||||||||||
Combined environmental and asbestos claims |
||||||||||||||||||
Total commutations, policy buy-backs & settlement agreements | $ | 54 | $ | 36 | $ | 96 | $ | 57 | $ | 147 | $ | 124 | ||||||
Annual survival ratio | 24.8 | 24.7 | 17.7 | 19.0 | 8.4 | 8.9 | ||||||||||||
3-year survival ratio | 25.6 | 22.6 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 10.6 | 11.3 | ||||||||||||
Our three-year net average survival ratio excluding commutations, policy buy-backs, and settlement agreements is viewed to be another measure of current reserve adequacy. Now at 28.4 years for asbestos as of December 31, 2004, we consider it to represent a strong reserve position. A one-year increase in the three-year average asbestos survival ratio at December 31, 2004 would require an after-tax increase in reserves of approximately $34 million.
Our net asbestos reserves by type of exposure and total reserve additions are shown in the following table.
|
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2003 |
December 31, 2002 |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Active Policy- holders |
Net Reserves |
% of Reserves |
Active Policy- holders |
Net Reserves |
% of Reserves |
Active Policy- holders |
Net Reserves |
% of Reserves |
|||||||||||||
Direct policyholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | 52 | $ | 23 | 2 | % | 52 | $ | 28 | 3 | % | 40 | $ | 16 | 2 | % | |||||||
Excess | 322 | 297 | 20 | 286 | 201 | 19 | 240 | 87 | 14 | |||||||||||||
Total | 374 | 320 | 22 | % | 338 | 229 | 22 | % | 280 | 103 | 16 | % | ||||||||||
Assumed reinsurance | 222 | 15 | 191 | 17 | 173 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||
IBNR claims | 922 | 63 | 659 | 61 | 359 | 57 | ||||||||||||||||
Total net reserves | $ | 1,464 | 100 | % | $ | 1,079 | 100 | % | $ | 635 | 100 | % | ||||||||||
Total reserve additions |
$ |
463 |
$ |
514 |
(1) |
$ |
121 |
|||||||||||||||
During the last three years, 211 direct primary and excess policyholders reported new claims, and 99 policyholders were closed, increasing the number of active policyholders by 112 during the period. The 112 increase comprised 36 from 2004, 58 from 2003 and 18 from 2002. The increase of 36 from 2004
55
included 64 new policyholders reporting new claims and 28 policyholders' claims were closed. Reserve additions for asbestos for the year ended December 31, 2004, totaled $463 million and included the following factors:
|
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
Year ended December 31, 2003 |
Year ended December 31, 2002 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Claims(1) | 361 | 265 | 197 |
Our non-products case reserves represent approximately 3.9% of total asbestos case reserves. We do not anticipate significant changes in this percentage as insureds' retentions associated with excess insurance programs and assumed reinsurance exposure are seldom exceeded. We did not write direct primary insurance on policyholders with the potential for significant non-products-related loss exposure.
For environmental exposures, a comprehensive "ground up" review, using processes similar to those used for the asbestos review, is also conducted in the third quarter of each year. The analysis performed in 2004 and 2003 produced essentially no change in reserve estimates. Environmental loss emergence in 2002 was primarily due to losses from one large reinsurance contract and a few other direct losses. In past years environmental reestimates have been favorable.
Pending, new, total closed and closed without payment claims for asbestos and environmental exposures for the years ended December 31, are summarized in the following table.
Number of Claims |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asbestos | |||||||
Pending, beginning of year | 8,210 | 6,900 | 6,426 | ||||
New | 1,959 | 2,267 | 1,165 | ||||
Total closed | (1,539 | ) | (957 | ) | (691 | ) | |
Pending, end of year | 8,630 | 8,210 | 6,900 | ||||
Closed without payment | 805 | 594 | 444 | ||||
56
Environmental |
|||||||
Pending, beginning of year | 6,100 | 7,352 | 8,486 | ||||
New | 1,125 | 954 | 845 | ||||
Total closed | (1,450 | ) | (2,206 | ) | (1,979 | ) | |
Pending, end of year | 5,775 | 6,100 | 7,352 | ||||
Closed without payment | 1,006 | 1,776 | 1,442 | ||||
Our reserves for asbestos and environmental exposures could be affected by tort reform, class action litigation, and other potential legislation and judicial decisions. Environmental exposures could also be affected by a change in the existing federal Superfund law and similar state statutes. There can be no assurance that any reform legislation will be enacted or that any such legislation will provide for a fair, effective and cost-efficient system for settlement of asbestos or environmental claims. We are unable to determine the effect, if any, that such legislation will have on results of operations or financial position.
Reserves for Other Discontinued Lines provide for remaining loss and loss expense liabilities related to business no longer written by us, other than asbestos and environmental, and are presented in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Other mass torts | $ | 205 | $ | 234 | $ | 236 | |||
Workers' compensation | 152 | 132 | 137 | ||||||
Commercial and other | 274 | 135 | 118 | ||||||
Other discontinued lines | $ | 631 | $ | 501 | $ | 491 | |||
Other mass torts describes excess and reinsurance general liability coverage provided for cumulative injury losses other than asbestos and environmental. Workers' compensation and commercial and other include run-off from discontinued primary, excess and reinsurance commercial insurance operations of various coverage exposures other than asbestos and environmental. Reserves are based on considerations similar to those previously described, as they relate to the characteristics of specific individual coverage exposures.
We believe that our reserves are appropriately established based on assessments of pertinent factors and characteristics of exposure (e.g. claim activity, potential liability, jurisdiction, products versus non-products exposure) presented by individual policyholders, assuming no change in the legal, legislative or economic environment. Another comprehensive "ground up" review will be completed in the third quarter of 2005, as well as assessments each quarter to determine if any intervening significant events or developments require an interim adjustment to reserves.
Property-Liability Reinsurance Ceded We participate in various reinsurance mechanisms, including industry pools and facilities, and have purchased reinsurance to mitigate long-tail liability lines, including environmental, asbestos and other discontinued lines exposures. We retain primary liability as a direct insurer for all risks ceded to reinsurers.
57
The impacts of reinsurance on our reserve for claims and claims expense at December 31 are summarized in the following table, net of allowances we have established for uncollectible amounts.
|
Gross claims and claims expense reserves |
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid claims, net |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||
Industry pools and facilities | $ | 2,217 | $ | 902 | $ | 1,596 | $ | 829 | ||||
Asbestos and environmental | 2,708 | 1,898 | 1,045 | 636 | ||||||||
Other including allowance for future uncollectible reinsurance recoverables | 14,413 | 14,914 | 86 | 439 | ||||||||
Total Property-Liability | $ | 19,338 | $ | 17,714 | $ | 2,727 | $ | 1,904 | ||||
When purchasing reinsurance, we evaluate the financial condition of the reinsurer, as well as the terms and price of coverage. Estimating amounts of reinsurance recoverables is also impacted by the uncertainties involved in the establishment of loss reserves. We believe the recoverables are appropriately established; however, as our underlying reserves continue to develop, the amount ultimately recoverable may vary from amounts currently recorded. We regularly evaluate the reinsurers and the respective amounts recoverable, and a provision for uncollectible reinsurance is recorded if needed.
Adverse developments in the insurance industry have recently led to a decline in the financial strength of some of our reinsurance carriers, causing amounts recoverable from them and future claims ceded to them to be considered a higher risk. Recently there has also been consolidation activity between some of our carriers and potential carriers in the industry, which causes reinsurance risk across the industry to be concentrated among fewer companies. In addition, over the last several years the industry has increasingly segregated asbestos, environmental, and other discontinued lines exposures into separate legal entities with dedicated capital. Regulatory bodies in certain cases have supported these actions. We are unable to determine the impact, if any, that these developments will have on the collectibility of reinsurance recoverables in the future.
The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance relates to Discontinued Lines and Coverages reinsurance recoverables and was $230 million and $101 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. These amounts represent 16.9% and 8.6%, respectively of the related reinsurance recoverable balances. The increase in 2004 is due to potential uncollectible reinsurance related to the asbestos reserve increase and the refinement of our bad debt allowance to provide a greater allowance for companies who have reorganized to segregate asbestos, environmental, and other discontinued lines exposures into separate legal entities with dedicated capital.
58
The ten largest reinsurance recoverable balances are shown in the following table at December 31, net of allowances we have established for uncollectible amounts.
|
A.M. Best Financial Strength Rating |
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid claims, net |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
|
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
Industry pools and facilities | ||||||||
Michigan Catastrophic Claim Association ("MCCA") | N/A | $ | 831 | $ | 560 | |||
New Jersey Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund | N/A | 176 | 186 | |||||
North Carolina Reinsurance Facility | N/A | 73 | 66 | |||||
Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund | N/A | 486 | | |||||
Other | N/A | 30 | 17 | |||||
Total | 1,596 | 829 | ||||||
Asbestos and environmental and Other |
||||||||
Lloyd's of London ("Lloyd's") | A | 236 | 112 | |||||
Employers Reinsurance Corporation | A | 87 | 87 | |||||
Turegum Vers.Ges.Ag | N/A | 52 | 38 | |||||
ACE American Reinsurance Corporation | B+ | 44 | 32 | |||||
New England Reinsurance Corporation | N/A | 51 | 32 | |||||
Odyssey Reinsurance Corporation | A | 52 | 26 | |||||
Other, including allowance for future uncollectible reinsurance recoverables | N/A | 609 | 748 | |||||
Total | 1,131 | 1,075 | ||||||
Total Property-Liability | $ | 2,727 | $ | 1,904 | ||||
For a detailed description of the MCCA and Lloyd's, see Note 9 of the consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2004, no other amount due or estimated to be due from any single Property-Liability reinsurer was in excess of $29 million. We enter into certain inter-company insurance and reinsurance transactions for the Property-Liability operations in order to maintain underwriting control and manage insurance risk among various legal entities. These reinsurance agreements have been approved by the appropriate regulatory authorities. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
ALLSTATE FINANCIAL 2004 HIGHLIGHTS
59
Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts" ("SOP 03-1"), which was adopted on January 1, 2004.
(in millions) |
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Favorable (unfavorable): | |||||
Total revenues | $ | (233 | ) | ||
Contract benefits | 122 | ||||
Amortization of DAC | 37 | ||||
Operating costs and expenses | 73 | ||||
Loss on disposition of operations | 24 | ||||
Income tax expense | (8 | ) | |||
Net income | $ | 15 | |||
ALLSTATE FINANCIAL SEGMENT
Overview and Strategy The Allstate Financial segment is a major provider of life insurance, retirement and investment products to individual and institutional customers. Allstate Financial's mission is to assist financial services professionals in meeting their clients' financial protection, savings and retirement needs by providing top-tier products delivered with reliable and efficient service.
We will pursue the following to grow our current business profitably: maintain and develop focused, top-tier products; deepen distribution partner relationships; improve our cost structure; and advance our systematic risk management program. Allstate Financial also leverages the strength of the Allstate brand name across products and distribution channels.
Our individual retail product line includes a wide variety of products designed to meet the financial protection, savings and retirement needs of our customers. Individual retail products include traditional life, interest-sensitive life, supplemental accident and health insurance, variable life, long-term care insurance, variable and fixed annuities and funding agreements backing retail medium-term notes ("RMTNs"). Banking products and services are also offered to customers through the Allstate Bank. Individual retail products are sold through a variety of distribution channels including Allstate exclusive agencies, independent agents (including master brokerage agencies and workplace enrolling agents), and financial service firms such as banks, broker/dealers and specialized structured settlement brokers. Allstate Bank products can also be obtained directly through the Internet and a toll-free number. Our institutional product line consists primarily of funding agreements sold to unaffiliated trusts that use them to back medium-term notes issued to institutional and individual investors.
60
Summarized financial data for the years ended December 31 is presented in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues | ||||||||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | $ | 2,072 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,293 | ||||
Net investment income | 3,410 | 3,233 | 3,121 | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | 1 | (85 | ) | (432 | ) | |||||
Total revenues | 5,483 | 5,452 | 4,982 | |||||||
Costs and expenses |
||||||||||
Contract benefits | (1,618 | ) | (1,851 | ) | (1,770 | ) | ||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds | (2,001 | ) | (1,846 | ) | (1,764 | ) | ||||
Amortization of DAC | (591 | ) | (538 | ) | (478 | ) | ||||
Operating costs and expenses | (634 | ) | (672 | ) | (649 | ) | ||||
Restructuring and related charges | (5 | ) | (7 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Total costs and expenses | (4,849 | ) | (4,914 | ) | (4,663 | ) | ||||
Loss on disposition of operations |
(24 |
) |
(46 |
) |
(6 |
) |
||||
Income tax expense | (189 | ) | (170 | ) | (52 | ) | ||||
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax |
421 | 322 | 261 | |||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (175 | ) | (17 | ) | (283 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 246 | $ | 305 | $ | (22 | ) | |||
Investments |
$ |
72,530 |
$ |
62,895 |
$ |
55,264 |
||||
Separate Accounts assets | 14,377 | 13,425 | 11,125 | |||||||
Investments, including Separate Accounts assets | $ | 86,907 | $ | 76,320 | $ | 66,389 | ||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges Premiums represent revenues generated from traditional life, immediate annuities with life contingencies, accident and health and other insurance products that have significant mortality or morbidity risk. Contract charges are revenues generated from interest-sensitive life, variable annuities, fixed annuities and institutional products for which deposits are classified as contractholder funds or separate accounts liabilities. Contract charges are assessed against the contractholder account values for maintenance, administration, cost of insurance and surrender prior to contractually specified dates. As a result, changes in contractholder funds and separate accounts liabilities are considered in the evaluation of growth and as indicators of future levels of revenues.
61
The following table summarizes premiums and contract charges by product.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Premiums | |||||||||
Traditional life | $ | 321 | $ | 388 | $ | 403 | |||
Immediate annuities with life contingencies | 316 | 413 | 416 | ||||||
Accident and health and other | 408 | 564 | 552 | ||||||
Total premiums | 1,045 | 1,365 | 1,371 | ||||||
Contract charges |
|||||||||
Interest-sensitive life | 729 | 688 | 672 | ||||||
Fixed annuities | 52 | 37 | 32 | ||||||
Variable annuities | 246 | 206 | 212 | ||||||
Institutional products | | 8 | 6 | ||||||
Total contract charges | 1,027 | 939 | 922 | ||||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | $ | 2,072 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,293 | |||
The following table summarizes premiums and contract charges by distribution channel.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Premiums | |||||||||
Allstate agencies | $ | 395 | $ | 319 | $ | 278 | |||
Independent agents | 356 | 373 | 351 | ||||||
Specialized brokers | 243 | 390 | 415 | ||||||
Direct marketing | 51 | 283 | 327 | ||||||
Total premiums | 1,045 | 1,365 | 1,371 | ||||||
Contract charges |
|||||||||
Allstate agencies | 462 | 440 | 429 | ||||||
Independent agents | 301 | 279 | 271 | ||||||
Broker dealers | 199 | 172 | 183 | ||||||
Banks | 35 | 15 | 14 | ||||||
Specialized brokers | 27 | 30 | 25 | ||||||
Direct marketing | 3 | 3 | | ||||||
Total contract charges | 1,027 | 939 | 922 | ||||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | $ | 2,072 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,293 | |||
Total premiums decreased 23.4% in 2004 compared to 2003. The decrease was primarily due to the disposal of substantially all of our direct response distribution business, which resulted in lower accident and health and other premiums and traditional life premiums. Additionally, 2004 reflects lower premiums on immediate annuities with life contingencies as underwriting actions taken in 2003 reduced the maximum premium received on individual contracts sold.
Total premiums decreased 0.4% in 2003 compared to 2002. The decrease was primarily the result of the discontinuance of the majority of our direct response business in 2003, lower traditional life and immediate annuity premium, partially offset by higher premiums from supplemental accident and health and other products sold through the workplace.
62
Contract charges increased 9.4% in 2004 compared to 2003. The increase was primarily due to higher contract charges on interest-sensitive life and variable annuities. The increase in the interest-sensitive life contract charges was attributable to in-force business growth resulting from deposits and credited interest more than offsetting contract charges, surrenders and benefits. Higher variable annuity contract charges were the result of increased average account values during 2004, reflecting positive investment results during 2003 and 2004. Variable annuity contract charges, as a percent of average separate account values, increased to 175 basis points in 2004 from 166 basis points in 2003 driven by increases in fees charged for our variable annuity benefits on the Allstate Advisor product in addition to a higher percentage of our in-force contracts providing these benefits.
Contract charges increased 1.8% in 2003 compared to 2002. The slight increase was the result of higher interest-sensitive life contract charges resulting from in-force business growth, partially offset by lower variable annuity contract charges on lower average variable annuity account balances during the period. Variable annuity contract charges, as a percent of average separate account values, increased to 166 basis points in 2003 from 163 basis points in 2002 as a result of increases in benefit rider fee rates and utilization by contractholders.
Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of individual and institutional products, such as interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities, bank deposits and funding agreements. The balance of contractholder funds is equal to the cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract maturities, benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.
63
The following table shows the changes in contractholder funds.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contractholder funds, beginning balance | $ | 47,071 | $ | 40,751 | $ | 33,560 | ||||
Impact of adoption of SOP 03-1(1) |
421 |
|
|
|||||||
Deposits |
||||||||||
Fixed annuities (immediate and deferred) | 7,322 | 5,266 | 4,971 | |||||||
Retail funding agreements | 85 | | | |||||||
Institutional products (primarily funding agreements) | 3,902 | 2,713 | 1,873 | |||||||
Interest-sensitive life | 1,375 | 1,074 | 964 | |||||||
Variable annuity and life deposits allocated to fixed accounts | 495 | 893 | 1,212 | |||||||
Bank and other deposits | 701 | 681 | 498 | |||||||
Total deposits | 13,880 | 10,627 | 9,518 | |||||||
Interest credited |
1,991 |
1,846 |
1,764 |
|||||||
Maturities, benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments |
||||||||||
Maturities of institutional products | (2,518 | ) | (2,163 | ) | (1,056 | ) | ||||
Benefits | (729 | ) | (505 | ) | (429 | ) | ||||
Surrenders and partial withdrawals | (3,438 | ) | (2,728 | ) | (2,093 | ) | ||||
Contract charges | (655 | ) | (622 | ) | (567 | ) | ||||
Net transfers to separate accounts | (412 | ) | (416 | ) | (474 | ) | ||||
Fair value hedge adjustments for institutional products | 38 | 131 | 363 | |||||||
Other adjustments | 60 | 150 | 165 | |||||||
Total maturities, benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments | (7,654 | ) | (6,153 | ) | (4,091 | ) | ||||
Contractholder funds, ending balance | $ | 55,709 | $ | 47,071 | $ | 40,751 | ||||
Contractholder deposits increased 30.6% in 2004 compared to 2003 due primarily to greater issuances of fixed annuities, interest-sensitive life policies and retail and institutional funding agreements. These deposits led to an increase in average contractholder funds, excluding the impact of adopting SOP 03-1, of 16.6% in 2004 compared to 2003. Fixed annuity deposits increased 39.0% in 2004 compared to 2003 due to strong consumer demand, competitive pricing and effective distribution efforts in our bank channel. Institutional product deposits increased 43.8% in 2004 compared to 2003, largely due to favorable market conditions for our funding agreements and the broadening of our customer base through the development and launch of our new Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") registered program in the second quarter of 2004 and our new registered RMTN program in the fourth quarter. The registered programs generated $1.74 billion of new funding agreement deposits during the year including $85 million in RMTN deposits.
Benefits, surrenders and partial withdrawals increased 28.9% in 2004 compared to 2003 reflecting a withdrawal rate of 11.2% for 2004 based on the beginning of period contractholder funds balance excluding institutional product reserves. This compares to a withdrawal rate of 10.2% and 9.7% for 2003
64
and 2002 respectively. Surrenders and withdrawals may vary with changes in interest rates and equity market conditions and the aging of our in-force contracts.
Contractholder deposits increased 11.7% in 2003 compared to 2002, and average contractholder funds increased 18.2% in 2003 compared to 2002, due to significant increases in institutional product and fixed annuity deposits in 2003. Fixed annuity deposits increased 5.9% over 2002 due to competitive pricing and our decision to maintain a market presence despite a challenging interest rate environment. Institutional products deposits increased 44.8% largely due to our assessment of market opportunities.
Separate accounts liabilities represent contractholders' claims to the related separate accounts assets. Separate accounts liabilities primarily arise from the sale of variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies. The following table shows the changes in separate accounts liabilities.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Separate accounts liabilities, beginning balance | $ | 13,425 | $ | 11,125 | $ | 13,587 | ||||
Impact of adoption of SOP 03-1(1) |
(204 |
) |
|
|
||||||
Variable annuity and life deposits |
1,763 |
2,284 |
2,432 |
|||||||
Variable annuity and life deposits allocated to fixed accounts | (495 | ) | (893 | ) | (1,212 | ) | ||||
Net deposits | 1,268 | 1,391 | 1,220 | |||||||
Investment results | 1,348 | 2,393 | (2,167 | ) | ||||||
Contract charges | (256 | ) | (220 | ) | (212 | ) | ||||
Net transfers from fixed accounts | 412 | 416 | 474 | |||||||
Surrenders and benefits | (1,616 | ) | (1,680 | ) | (1,777 | ) | ||||
Separate accounts liabilities, ending balance | $ | 14,377 | $ | 13,425 | $ | 11,125 | ||||
Separate accounts liabilities, excluding the impact of adopting SOP 03-1, increased $1.16 billion during 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to positive investment results. Net deposits and transfers from fixed accounts were mostly offset by surrenders and benefits. Variable annuity contractholders often allocate a significant portion of their initial variable annuity contract deposit into a fixed rate investment option. The level of this activity is reflected above in the deposits allocated to fixed accounts, while all other transfer activity between the fixed and separate accounts investment options is reflected in net transfers from fixed accounts. The liability for the fixed portion of variable annuity contracts is reflected in contractholder funds.
Separate accounts liabilities increased $2.30 billion during 2003 compared to 2002 reflecting a significant improvement in investment results and net deposits, partially offset by surrenders and benefits. The increase in the variable annuity net deposits in 2003 resulted from the increasing attractiveness of the separate accounts equity investment funds following improved equity market performance and the introduction of the multi-manager Allstate® Advisor variable annuity product.
Net investment income increased 5.5% in 2004 compared to 2003 and 3.6% in 2003 compared to 2002. The increase in both periods was the result of the effect of higher portfolio balances, partially offset by lower portfolio yields. Higher portfolio balances resulted from the investment of cash flows from operating and financing activities related primarily to deposits from fixed annuities and interest-sensitive
65
life policies and institutional funding agreements. Investment balances as of December 31, 2004, increased 15.3% from December 31, 2003 and increased 13.8% as of December 31, 2003 compared to December 31, 2002. The lower portfolio yields were primarily due to purchases, including reinvestments, of fixed income securities with yields lower than the current portfolio average.
Net income analysis is presented in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | $ | 2,072 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,293 | ||||
Net investment income | 3,410 | 3,233 | 3,121 | |||||||
Periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments(1) | 49 | 23 | 5 | |||||||
Contract benefits | (1,618 | ) | (1,851 | ) | (1,770 | ) | ||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds(2) | (1,956 | ) | (1,846 | ) | (1,764 | ) | ||||
Gross margin | 1,957 | 1,863 | 1,885 | |||||||
Amortization of DAC and DSI |
(498 |
) |
(492 |
) |
(476 |
) |
||||
Operating costs and expenses | (634 | ) | (672 | ) | (649 | ) | ||||
Restructuring and related charges | (5 | ) | (7 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Income tax expense | (269 | ) | (243 | ) | (202 | ) | ||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | (3 | ) | (53 | ) | (287 | ) | ||||
DAC and DSI amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | (89 | ) | (30 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
Reclassification of periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments, after-tax | (32 | ) | (15 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||
Loss on disposition of operations, after-tax | (6 | ) | (29 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (175 | ) | (17 | ) | (283 | ) | ||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 246 | $ | 305 | $ | (22 | ) | |||
Gross margin, a non-GAAP measure, represents life and annuity premiums and contract charges and net investment income, less contract benefits and interest credited to contractholder funds. We use gross margin as a component of our evaluation of the profitability of Allstate Financial's life insurance and financial product portfolio. Additionally, for many of our products, including fixed annuities, variable life and annuities, and interest-sensitive life insurance, the amortization of DAC and DSI is determined based on actual and expected gross margin. Gross margin is comprised of four components that are utilized to further analyze the business: investment margin, benefit margin, maintenance charges and surrender charges. We believe gross margin and its components are useful to investors because they allow for the evaluation of income components separately and in the aggregate when reviewing performance. Gross margin, investment margin and benefit margin should not be considered as a substitute for net income and do not reflect the overall profitability of the business. Net income is the GAAP measure that is most directly comparable to these margins. Gross margin is reconciled to Allstate Financial's GAAP net income in the table above.
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The components of gross margin are reconciled to the corresponding financial statement line items in the following table.
|
2004 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Investment Margin |
Benefit Margin |
Maintenance Charges |
Surrender Charges |
Gross Margin |
|||||||||||
Life and annuity premiums | $ | | $ | 1,045 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,045 | ||||||
Contract charges | | 558 | 393 | 76 | 1,027 | |||||||||||
Net investment income | 3,410 | | | | 3,410 | |||||||||||
Periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments(1) | 49 | | | | 49 | |||||||||||
Contract benefits | (538 | ) | (1,080 | ) | | | (1,618 | ) | ||||||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds(2) | (1,956 | ) | | | | (1,956 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 965 | $ | 523 | $ | 393 | $ | 76 | $ | 1,957 | |||||||
|
2003 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Investment Margin |
Benefit Margin |
Maintenance Charges |
Surrender Charges |
Gross Margin |
|||||||||||
Life and annuity premiums | $ | | $ | 1,365 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,365 | ||||||
Contract charges | | 518 | 342 | 79 | 939 | |||||||||||
Net investment income | 3,233 | | | | 3,233 | |||||||||||
Periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments(1) | 23 | | | | 23 | |||||||||||
Contract benefits | (514 | ) | (1,337 | ) | | | (1,851 | ) | ||||||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds | (1,846 | ) | | | | (1,846 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 896 | $ | 546 | $ | 342 | $ | 79 | $ | 1,863 | |||||||
|
2002 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Investment Margin |
Benefit Margin |
Maintenance Charges |
Surrender Charges |
Gross Margin |
|||||||||||
Life and annuity premiums | $ | | $ | 1,371 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,371 | ||||||
Contract charges | | 505 | 342 | 75 | 922 | |||||||||||
Net investment income | 3,121 | | | | 3,121 | |||||||||||
Periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments(1) | 5 | | | | 5 | |||||||||||
Contract benefits | (493 | ) | (1,277 | ) | | | (1,770 | ) | ||||||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds | (1,764 | ) | | | | (1,764 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 869 | $ | 599 | $ | 342 | $ | 75 | $ | 1,885 | |||||||
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Gross margin increased 5.0% in 2004 compared to 2003. The increase was attributable to increased investment margin and higher maintenance charges, partially offset by lower benefit margin. Gross margin declined 1.2% in 2003 compared to 2002 as an increased investment margin was more than offset by lower benefit margin.
Investment margin is a component of gross margin, both of which are non-GAAP measures. Investment margin represents the excess of net investment income over interest credited to contractholder funds and the implied interest on life-contingent immediate annuities included in the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits. We use investment margin to evaluate Allstate Financial's profitability related to the difference between investment returns on assets supporting certain products and amounts credited to customers ("spread") during a fiscal period.
Investment margin by product group is shown in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annuities | $ | 620 | $ | 546 | $ | 505 | |||
Life insurance | 212 | 234 | 249 | ||||||
Institutional products | 121 | 107 | 107 | ||||||
Bank and other | 12 | 9 | 8 | ||||||
Total investment margin | $ | 965 | $ | 896 | $ | 869 | |||
Investment margin increased 7.7% in 2004 compared to 2003 and increased 3.1% in 2003 compared to 2002. Both increases were primarily due to higher contractholder funds and actions to reduce crediting rates, partially offset by lower portfolio yields. The difference between the weighted average crediting rate and the average guaranteed rate on interest-sensitive life and deferred annuities, excluding market value adjusted annuities and equity indexed annuities, was 52 basis points as of December 31, 2004 compared with 70 basis points as of December 31, 2003 and 140 basis points as of December 31, 2002. The crediting rates on approximately 62% of these contracts were at the minimum guaranteed rate at December 31, 2004.
The following table summarizes the annualized weighted average investment yield, interest crediting rates and investment spreads during 2004, 2003 and 2002.
|
Weighted Average Investment Yield |
Weighted Average Interest Crediting Rate |
Weighted Average Investment Spreads |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||
Interest-sensitive life | 6.5 | % | 6.9 | % | 7.3 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.9 | % | 5.1 | % | 1.8 | % | 2.0 | % | 2.2 | % | |
Fixed annuitiesdeferred annuities | 5.8 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | ||||||||||
Fixed annuitiesimmediate annuities with and without life contingencies | 7.6 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
Institutional | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | ||||||||||
Investments supporting capital, traditional life and other products | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.9 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
68
The following table summarizes the liabilities as of December 31 for these contracts and policies.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed annuitiesimmediate annuities with life contingencies | $ | 7,720 | $ | 7,433 | $ | 7,024 | ||||
Other life contingent contracts and other | 4,034 | 3,587 | 3,232 | |||||||
Reserve for life-contingent contracts | $ | 11,754 | $ | 11,020 | $ | 10,256 | ||||
Interest-sensitive life |
$ |
8,280 |
$ |
7,536 |
$ |
7,065 |
||||
Fixed annuitiesdeferred annuities | 31,390 | 25,917 | 21,468 | |||||||
Fixed annuitiesimmediate annuities without life contingencies | 3,247 | 2,866 | 2,562 | |||||||
Institutional | 11,279 | 9,387 | 8,620 | |||||||
Allstate Bank | 840 | 806 | 610 | |||||||
Market value adjustments related to derivative instruments and other | 673 | 559 | 426 | |||||||
Contractholder funds | $ | 55,709 | $ | 47,071 | $ | 40,751 | ||||
Benefit margin is a component of gross margin, both of which are non-GAAP measures. Benefit margin represents life and life-contingent immediate annuity premiums and cost of insurance contract charges less contract benefits. Benefit margin excludes the implied interest on life-contingent immediate annuities, which is included in the calculation of investment margin, and mortality charges on variable annuities, which are included as a component of maintenance charges. We use the benefit margin to evaluate Allstate Financial's underwriting performance, as it reflects the profitability of our products with respect to mortality or morbidity risk during a fiscal period.
Benefit margin by product group is shown in the following table.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life insurance | $ | 608 | $ | 658 | $ | 666 | ||||
Annuities | (85 | ) | (112 | ) | (67 | ) | ||||
Total benefit margin | $ | 523 | $ | 546 | $ | 599 | ||||
Benefit margin decreased 4.2% in 2004 compared to 2003. This decline was primarily the result of the disposal of substantially all of our direct response distribution business and unfavorable mortality experience on life-contingent immediate annuities, partially offset by an improved benefit margin on life insurance products and lower contract benefits related to guaranteed minimum death benefits ("GMDBs") on variable annuities.
As required by SOP 03-1, as of January 1, 2004, a reserve was established for benefits provided for under variable annuities and secondary guarantees on interest-sensitive life insurance and certain fixed annuity contracts. For variable annuities, the reserve includes GMDBs and guaranteed minimum income benefits ("GMIBs"). In previous periods, GMDBs were expensed as paid and no costs were recognizable for GMIBs or other guarantees. Under the SOP, we anticipate that the benefit margin will be less volatile, as contract benefit expense pertaining to product guarantees will be proportionate to the related revenue rather than cash payments made during the period. Included in the benefit margin for 2004 are additions to these secondary product guarantee reserves of $46 million for variable annuities, net of reinsurance and hedging gains and losses and $3 million for fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life policies.
69
Included in the benefit margin for 2003 are GMDB payments of $83 million, net of reinsurance, hedging gains and losses and other contractual arrangements. For further explanation of the impacts of the adoption of this accounting guidance, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Benefit margin was $546 million in 2003, reflecting a $53 million or 8.8% decline compared to 2002. An increase in GMDBs on variable annuity contracts in 2003 compared to 2002 represents $30 million of the $53 million decline. The remainder was due to a larger number of life claims in the first quarter of 2003, poor mortality results on certain closed blocks of business and the effect of the discontinuance of direct response non-life credit insurance, partially offset by higher mortality margin from growth of interest-sensitive life and accident and health products sold through the workplace. In 2003, GMDB payments were $83 million, net of reinsurance, hedging results and other contractual arrangements ("net GMDB payments"), compared to $53 million in 2002. While 2003 net GMDB payments were higher than in 2002, improved equity market performance during 2003 resulted in sequential quarterly reductions in gross GMDB payments. Direct response non-life credit insurance generated a benefit margin of $2 million and $7 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Amortization of DAC and DSI increased 1.2% during 2004 compared to 2003. The higher amortization is reflective of increased gross margins on fixed and variable annuities. In 2003, amortization of DAC and DSI included an acceleration of DAC amortization (commonly referred to as "DAC unlocking") totaling $89 million and $37 million of DAC amortization on the direct response distribution business sold in 2004.
The adoption of SOP 03-1 required a new modeling approach for estimating expected future gross profits that are used when determining the amortization of DAC. Because of this new modeling approach, effective January 1, 2004, the variable annuity DAC and DSI assets were reduced by $124 million. This reduction was recognized as a component of cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle.
Amortization of DAC increased 3.4% during 2003 compared to 2002. The increase was primarily due to in-force business growth, partially offset by decreased amortization from lower gross margins on variable annuities and certain fixed annuities. Net DAC unlocking totaled $89 million and $94 million in 2003 and 2002.
We performed our annual comprehensive evaluation of DAC assumptions in the first quarter of 2003 and concluded that, due to sustained poor performance of the equity markets coupled with an expectation of moderate future performance due to continuing weakness in the U.S. economy and uncertainty in the geopolitical environment, it was no longer reasonably possible that variable annuity fund returns would revert to the expected long-term mean within the time horizon used in our reversion to the mean model.
The changes in the DAC asset are summarized in the following tables.
(in millions) |
Beginning balance December 31, 2003 |
Impact of Adoption of SOP 03-1(2) |
Impact of Disposal of DR |
Acquisition costs deferred |
Amortization charged to income(3) |
Amortization (acceleration) deceleration charged to income(1) |
Effect of unrealized capital gains and losses |
Ending balance December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional life | $ | 720 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (145 | ) | $ | 73 | $ | (61 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | 581 | |||||
Interest-sensitive life | 1,355 | 18 | | 207 | (129 | ) | 67 | 11 | 1,529 | |||||||||||||||
Variable annuities | 766 | (143 | ) | | 123 | (134 | ) | | 16 | 628 | ||||||||||||||
Investment contracts | 453 | (7 | ) | | 429 | (231 | ) | (59 | ) | 9 | 594 | |||||||||||||
Accident, health and other | 223 | 4 | (93 | ) | 86 | (44 | ) | | | 176 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,517 | $ | (134 | ) | $ | (238 | ) | $ | 918 | $ | (599 | ) | $ | 8 | $ | 36 | $ | 3,508 | |||||
70
(in millions) |
Beginning balance December 31, 2002 |
Acquisition costs deferred |
Amortization charged to income(3) |
Amortization (acceleration) deceleration charged to income(1) |
Effect of unrealized capital gains and losses |
Ending balance December 31, 2003 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional life | $ | 709 | $ | 83 | $ | (72 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | 720 | |||||
Interest-sensitive life | 1,261 | 193 | (136 | ) | 16 | 21 | 1,355 | |||||||||||
Variable annuities | 834 | 143 | (36 | ) | (124 | ) | (51 | ) | 766 | |||||||||
Investment contracts | 190 | 321 | (141 | ) | 19 | 64 | 453 | |||||||||||
Accident, health and other | 211 | 76 | (64 | ) | | | 223 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,205 | $ | 816 | $ | (449 | ) | $ | (89 | ) | $ | 34 | $ | 3,517 | ||||
Operating costs and expenses decreased 5.7% in 2004 compared to 2003 and increased 3.5% in 2003 compared to 2002. The following table summarizes operating costs and expenses.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-deferrable acquisition costs | $ | 256 | $ | 286 | $ | 240 | |||
Other operating costs and expenses | 378 | 386 | 409 | ||||||
Total operating costs and expenses | $ | 634 | $ | 672 | $ | 649 | |||
The decline in total operating costs and expenses in 2004 compared to 2003 was primarily attributable to the disposal of substantially all of our direct response distribution business. Excluding the impact of the disposition, non-deferrable acquisition costs increased due to higher non-deferrable renewal commissions; taxes, licenses and fees; and costs related to loss experience on certain credit insurance policies. For other operating costs and expenses, the decline due to the disposition was partially offset by higher technology and employee related expenses.
The increase in total operating costs and expenses in 2003 compared to 2002 was primarily due to higher non-deferrable commissions. Other operating costs and expenses in 2003 compared to 2002 decreased as higher employee benefit and technology related costs were more than offset by lower litigation expense
71
Net realized capital gains and losses are presented in the following table for the years ended December 31.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Investment write-downs | $ | (82 | ) | $ | (180 | ) | $ | (311 | ) | |
Dispositions | 131 | 71 | (104 | ) | ||||||
Valuation of derivative instruments | (55 | ) | 6 | (36 | ) | |||||
Settlement of derivative instruments | 7 | 18 | 19 | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, pretax | 1 | (85 | ) | (432 | ) | |||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (4 | ) | 32 | 145 | ||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (53 | ) | $ | (287 | ) | |
For further discussion of realized capital gains and losses, see the Investments section of MD&A.
Reinsurance Ceded We enter into reinsurance agreements with unaffiliated carriers to limit our risk of mortality losses. As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, 49% and 44%, respectively, of our face amount of life insurance in force is reinsured. In 2004, for certain term life insurance policies, we ceded 25-100% of the mortality risk depending on the length of the term and policy premium guarantees. Comparatively, in 2003, mortality risk ceded on certain term life insurance policies was in the range of 60-100%, depending on the length of the term and policy premium guarantees. Additionally, we cede 100% of the morbidity risk on our long-term care contracts. Since 1998, we have ceded the mortality risk on new life contracts that exceed $2 million per individual, whereas prior to 1998, we ceded mortality risk in excess of specific amounts up to $1 million per life for individual coverage. Also, on certain in-force variable annuity contracts we cede 100% of the mortality and certain other risks related to product features. We retain primary liability as a direct insurer for all risks ceded to reinsurers.
The impacts of reinsurance on our reserve for life-contingent contract benefits at December 31, are summarized in the following table.
|
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid claims |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||
Life insurance(1) | $ | 1,010 | $ | 836 | ||
Long-term care | 315 | 180 | ||||
Other(1) | 271 | 201 | ||||
Total Allstate Financial | $ | 1,596 | $ | 1,217 | ||
Estimating amounts of reinsurance recoverables is impacted by the uncertainties involved in the establishment of reserves.
Developments in the insurance industry have led to a decline in the financial strength of some of our reinsurance carriers, causing amounts recoverable from them to be considered a higher risk. There has also been consolidation activity between reinsurers in the industry, which has resulted in reinsurance risk across the industry to be concentrated among fewer companies. As a result, we have increased our percentage of underwriting retention of new term life insurance policies by approximately 20-30% on average depending on product mix.
72
Our reinsurance recoverables, summarized by the reinsurers' Standard & Poor's financial strength ratings as of December 31, are shown in the following table. In certain cases, these ratings refer to the financial strength of the affiliated group or parent company of the reinsurer.
|
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Reinsurance Recoverable |
% |
Reinsurance Recoverable |
% |
|||||||
AAA | $ | 33 | 2.1 | % | $ | 22 | 1.8 | % | |||
AA+ | 90 | 5.6 | | | |||||||
AA | 370 | 23.2 | 410 | 33.7 | |||||||
AA- | 359 | 22.5 | 271 | 22.3 | |||||||
A+ | 318 | 19.9 | 304 | 25.0 | |||||||
A | | | 1 | 0.1 | |||||||
A-(1) | 117 | 7.3 | 167 | 13.7 | |||||||
Other(1) | 309 | 19.4 | 42 | 3.4 | |||||||
Total | $ | 1,596 | 100 | % | $ | 1,217 | 100 | % | |||
Our reinsurance recoverables, summarized by reinsurer as of December 31, are shown in the following table.
|
|
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid claims |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
S&P Financial Strength Rating |
|||||||
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||
Employers Reassurance Corporation | A+ | $ | 246 | $ | 186 | |||
RGA Reinsurance Company | AA- | 230 | 73 | |||||
Paul Revere Life Insurance Company | BBB+ | 156 | 160 | |||||
Transamerica Financial Life Insurance | AA | 146 | 116 | |||||
Swiss Re Life and Health America, Inc. | AA | 144 | 135 | |||||
Scottish Re Group | A- | 111 | | |||||
Investors Partner Life Insurance Company | AA+ | 90 | 92 | |||||
Munich American Reassurance | A+ | 72 | 63 | |||||
Mutual of Omaha Insurance | AA- | 69 | 5 | |||||
American Health & Life Insurance Co. | N/A (A+ A.M. Best Rating) | 60 | 9 | |||||
Security Life of Denver | AA | 59 | 58 | |||||
Triton Insurance Company | N/A (A A.M. Best Rating) | 58 | | |||||
Lincoln National Life Insurance | AA- | 52 | 48 | |||||
Other(1) | 103 | 272 | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,596 | $ | 1,217 | ||||
73
We continuously monitor the creditworthiness of reinsurers in order to determine our risk of recoverability on an individual and aggregate basis, and a provision for uncollectible reinsurance is recorded if needed. No amounts have been deemed unrecoverable in the three-years ended December 31, 2004.
We enter into certain inter-company reinsurance transactions for the Allstate Financial operations in order to maintain underwriting control and manage insurance risk among various legal entities. These reinsurance agreements have been approved by the appropriate regulatory authorities. All significant inter-company transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Allstate Financial Outlook
INVESTMENTS
An important component of our financial results is the return on our investment portfolios. Investment portfolios are segmented between the Property-Liability, Allstate Financial and Corporate and Other operations. The investment portfolios are managed based upon the nature of each respective business and its corresponding liability structure.
Overview and Strategy The Property-Liability portfolio's investment strategy emphasizes safety of principal and consistent income generation, within a total return framework. This approach, which has produced competitive returns over time, is designed to ensure financial strength and stability for paying claims, while maximizing economic value and surplus growth. We employ a strategic asset allocation model, which takes into account the nature of the liabilities and risk tolerances, as well as the risk/return parameters of the various asset classes in which we invest. The model's recommended asset allocation, along with duration and liquidity considerations, guides our initial asset allocation. This is further adjusted based on our analysis of relative value opportunities in different markets. As part of our total return framework, we may sell securities during the period in which fair value has declined below amortized cost
74
for fixed income securities or cost for equity securities. Portfolio performance is measured against outside benchmarks at target allocation weights. Portfolio reviews, which include identifying securities that are other than temporarily impaired, are conducted regularly. For more information, see the Portfolio Monitoring section of the MD&A.
The Allstate Financial portfolio's investment strategy focuses on the need for risk-adjusted spread on the underlying liabilities while maximizing return on capital. We believe investment spread is maximized by selecting assets that perform favorably on a long-term basis and by disposing of certain assets to minimize the effect of downgrades and defaults. We believe this strategy maintains the investment margin necessary to sustain income over time. The portfolio management approach employs a combination of recognized market, analytical and proprietary modeling, including a strategic asset allocation model, as the primary basis for the allocation of interest sensitive, illiquid and credit assets as well as for determining overall below investment grade exposure and diversification requirements. Within the targets set by the strategic asset allocation model, tactical investment decisions are made in consideration of prevailing market conditions. Portfolio reviews, which include identifying securities that are other than temporarily impaired, are conducted regularly. For more information, see the Portfolio Monitoring section of the MD&A.
Portfolio Composition The composition of the investment portfolios at December 31, 2004 is presented in the table below. Also see Notes 2 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements for investment accounting policies and additional information.
|
Property-Liability |
Allstate Financial |
Corporate and Other |
Total |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
|
Percent to total |
|
Percent to total |
|
Percent to total |
|
Percent to total |
||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities(1) | $ | 32,499 | 80.7 | % | $ | 61,419 | 84.7 | % | $ | 1,797 | 65.8 | % | $ | 95,715 | 82.8 | % | ||||||
Equity securities(2) | 5,623 | 14.0 | 220 | 0.3 | 52 | 1.9 | 5,895 | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | 382 | 0.9 | 7,474 | 10.3 | | | 7,856 | 6.8 | ||||||||||||||
Short-term | 1,759 | 4.4 | 1,491 | 2.0 | 883 | 32.3 | 4,133 | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
Other | 4 | | 1,926 | 2.7 | 1 | | 1,931 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 40,267 | 100.0 | % | $ | 72,530 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,733 | 100.0 | % | $ | 115,530 | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Total investments increased to $115.53 billion at December 31, 2004 from $103.08 billion at December 31, 2003, primarily due to positive cash flows from operating and financing activities and increased funds associated with securities lending.
The Property-Liability investment portfolio increased to $40.27 billion at December 31, 2004 from $37.86 billion at December 31, 2003, due to positive cash flows from operating activities, partially offset by dividends paid by AIC to The Allstate Corporation and decreased net unrealized gains on fixed income securities.
The Allstate Financial investment portfolio increased to $72.53 billion at December 31, 2004, from $62.90 billion at December 31, 2003, primarily due to positive cash flows from operating and financing activities and increased funds associated with securities lending.
75
The Corporate and Other investment portfolio increased to $2.73 billion at December 31, 2004, from $2.33 billion at December 31, 2003. This increase primarily reflects additional investments made in the portfolio of Kennett Capital, Inc. ("Kennett Capital"), a wholly owned subsidiary of The Allstate Corporation.
Total investments at amortized cost related to collateral, primarily due to securities lending, increased to $4.85 billion at December 31, 2004, from $3.75 billion at December 31, 2003.
We use different methodologies to estimate the fair value of publicly and non-publicly traded marketable investment securities and exchange traded and non-exchange traded derivative contracts. For a discussion of these methods, see the Application of Critical Accounting Policies section of the MD&A.
The following table shows total investments, categorized by the method used to determine fair value at December 31, 2004.
|
Investments |
Derivative Contracts |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fair Value |
Percent to total |
||||||
(in millions) |
Fair Value |
|||||||
Value based on independent market quotations | $ | 91,063 | 78.8 | % | $ | 57 | ||
Value based on models and other valuation methods | 13,582 | 11.8 | 898 | |||||
Mortgage loans, policy loans, bank loans and certain limited partnership investments, valued at cost, amortized cost and the equity method | 10,885 | 9.4 | | |||||
Total | $ | 115,530 | 100.0 | % | $ | 955 | ||
Fixed Income Securities See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for a table showing the amortized cost, unrealized gains, unrealized losses and fair value for each type of fixed income security for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003.
Municipal bonds, including tax-exempt and taxable securities, totaled $26.33 billion and 96.8% were rated investment grade at December 31, 2004. Approximately 62.6% of the municipal bond portfolio was insured by seven bond insurers and accordingly have a rating of Aaa or Aa. The municipal bond portfolio at December 31, 2004 consisted of approximately 3,500 issues from approximately 2,500 issuers. The largest exposure to a single issuer was less than 1.1% of the municipal bond portfolio. Corporate entities were the ultimate obligors of approximately 10.3% of the municipal bond portfolio.
Corporate bonds totaled $40.38 billion and 89.1% were rated investment grade at December 31, 2004. As of December 31, 2004, the portfolio contained $17.41 billion of privately placed corporate obligations, 43.1% of the total corporate obligations in the portfolio, compared with $15.84 billion at December 31, 2003. Approximately $15.13 billion or 86.9% of the privately placed corporate obligations consisted of fixed rate privately placed securities. The benefits of fixed rate privately placed securities when compared to publicly issued securities are generally higher yields, improved cash flow predictability through pro-rata sinking funds, and a combination of covenant and call protection features designed to better protect the holder against losses resulting from credit deterioration, reinvestment risk or fluctuations in interest rates. A disadvantage of fixed rate privately placed securities when compared to publicly issued securities is relatively reduced liquidity. At December 31, 2004, 86.3% of the privately placed securities were rated investment grade.
Foreign government securities totaled $2.70 billion and 93.7% were rated investment grade at December 31, 2004.
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Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") totaled $9.22 billion at December 31, 2004, substantially all of which were investment grade. In our MBS portfolio, the credit risk associated with MBS is mitigated due to the fact that the portfolio consists primarily of securities that were issued by, or have underlying collateral that is guaranteed by, U.S. government agencies or U.S. government sponsored entities. The MBS portfolio is subject to interest rate risk since price volatility and the ultimate realized yield are affected by the rate of prepayment of the underlying mortgages. The current consistently low interest rate environment has resulted in prepayments, which have eroded the prepayment protection in this portfolio over recent years.
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities ("CMBS") totaled $6.92 billion at December 31, 2004. CMBS positions primarily represent pools of commercial mortgages, broadly diversified across property types and geographical area. The CMBS portfolio is subject to credit risk, but unlike other structured products, is generally not subject to prepayment risk. Due to protections within the underlying commercial mortgages, borrowers are restricted from prepaying their mortgages due to changes in interest rates. Credit defaults can result in credit directed prepayments. Approximately 81.6% of the CMBS portfolio had a Moody's rating of Aaa or a Standard & Poor's rating of AAA, the highest rating category, at December 31, 2004.
Asset-backed securities ("ABS") totaled $6.00 billion at December 31, 2004. Our ABS portfolio is subject to credit and interest rate risk. Credit risk is managed by monitoring the performance of the collateral. In addition, many of the securities in the ABS portfolio are credit enhanced with features such as over-collateralization, subordinated debt, reserve funds, guarantees and/or insurance. Approximately 54.8% of the ABS portfolio had a Moody's rating of Aaa or a Standard & Poor's ("S&P") rating of AAA, the highest rating category. A portion of the ABS portfolio is also subject to interest rate risk since, for example, price volatility and ultimate realized yield are affected by the rate of prepayment of the underlying assets. The ABS portfolio includes collateralized debt obligations and other bonds that are secured by a variety of asset types, predominately credit card receivables, home equity loans, and auto loans.
At December 31, 2004, 94.1% of the consolidated fixed income securities portfolio was rated investment grade, which is defined as a security having a rating from The National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") of 1 or 2; a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody's or a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P, Fitch or Dominion; or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available.
The following table summarizes the credit quality of the fixed income securities portfolio at December 31, 2004.
|
|
Property-Liability |
Allstate Financial |
Corporate and Other |
Total |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NAIC Rating |
Moody's Equivalent |
Fair Value |
Percent to total |
Fair Value |
Percent to total |
Fair Value |
Percent to total |
Fair Value |
Percent to total |
||||||||||||||
(in millions) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
1 | Aaa/Aa/A | $ | 27,862 | 85.7 | % | $ | 40,661 | 66.2 | % | $ | 1,455 | 81.0 | % | $ | 69,978 | 73.1 | % | ||||||
2 | Baa | 3,054 | 9.4 | 16,988 | 27.7 | 59 | 3.3 | 20,101 | 21.0 | ||||||||||||||
3 | Ba | 600 | 1.9 | 2,266 | 3.7 | 108 | 6.0 | 2,974 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||
4 | B | 662 | 2.0 | 1,303 | 2.1 | 131 | 7.3 | 2,096 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||
5 | Caa or lower | 259 | 0.8 | 140 | 0.2 | 15 | 0.8 | 414 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||||
6 | In or near default | 62 | 0.2 | 61 | 0.1 | 29 | 1.6 | 152 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 32,499 | 100.0 | % | $ | 61,419 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,797 | 100.0 | % | $ | 95,715 | 100.0 | % | |||||||
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Equity Securities Equity securities include common and non-redeemable preferred stocks, real estate investment trust equity investments and limited partnership investments. The equity securities portfolio was $5.90 billion at December 31, 2004 compared to $5.29 billion at December 31, 2003. The increase is attributable to new money from operations. Gross unrealized gains totaled $1.34 billion at December 31, 2004 compared to $1.28 billion at December 31, 2003. Gross unrealized losses totaled $14 million at December 31, 2004 compared to $18 million at December 31, 2003.
Unrealized Gains and Losses See Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for further disclosures regarding unrealized losses on fixed income and equity securities and factors considered in determining whether they are not other than temporarily impaired. The unrealized net capital gains on fixed income and equity securities at December 31, 2004 totaled $6.39 billion, a decrease of $7 million since December 31, 2003. Gross unrealized losses on fixed income securities are provided in the table below.
|
|
Gross unrealized |
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At December 31, 2004 |
Amortized cost |
Fair value |
|||||||||||
Gains |
Losses |
||||||||||||
(in millions) |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Corporate: | |||||||||||||
Consumer goods (cyclical and non-cyclical) | $ | 6,918 | $ | 334 | $ | (19 | ) | $ | 7,233 | ||||
Public utilities | 5,362 | 565 | (4 | ) | 5,923 | ||||||||
Banking | 5,399 | 264 | (18 | ) | 5,645 | ||||||||
Capital goods | 3,924 | 192 | (14 | ) | 4,102 | ||||||||
Communications | 3,388 | 211 | (8 | ) | 3,591 | ||||||||
Basic industry | 2,870 | 161 | (6 | ) | 3,025 | ||||||||
Financial services | 4,063 | 148 | (13 | ) | 4,198 | ||||||||
Energy | 2,343 | 120 | (7 | ) | 2,456 | ||||||||
Transportation | 1,733 | 110 | (12 | ) | 1,831 | ||||||||
Other | 1,522 | 140 | (4 | ) | 1,658 | ||||||||
Technology | 688 | 36 | (4 | ) | 720 | ||||||||
Total corporate fixed income portfolio | 38,210 | 2,281 | (109 | ) | 40,382 | ||||||||
U.S. government and agencies | 3,120 | 849 | (2 | ) | 3,967 | ||||||||
Municipal | 24,955 | 1,417 | (45 | ) | 26,327 | ||||||||
Foreign government | 2,334 | 367 | (1 | ) | 2,700 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | 9,122 | 118 | (21 | ) | 9,219 | ||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 6,762 | 167 | (14 | ) | 6,915 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 5,958 | 72 | (35 | ) | 5,995 | ||||||||
Redeemable preferred stock | 196 | 15 | (1 | ) | 210 | ||||||||
Total fixed income securities | $ | 90,657 | $ | 5,286 | $ | (228 | ) | $ | 95,715 | ||||
The consumer goods, banking, capital goods, financial services, and transportation sectors had the highest concentration of gross unrealized losses in our corporate fixed income securities portfolio at December 31, 2004. The gross unrealized losses in these sectors were primarily interest rate related or company specific. Approximately $9 million of the total gross unrealized losses in the corporate fixed income portfolio and $11 million of the total gross unrealized losses in the asset-backed securities portfolio were associated with the airline industry for which values were generally depressed due to company specific issues and economic issues primarily related to fuel and labor costs. We expect eventual recovery of these securities. Every security was included in our portfolio monitoring process.
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The following table shows the composition by credit quality of the fixed income securities with gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2004.
NAIC Rating |
Moody's Equivalent |
Unrealized Loss |
Percent to Total |
Fair Value |
Percent to Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
1 | Aaa/Aa/A | $ | (122 | ) | 53.5 | % | $ | 10,809 | 75.6 | % | |||
2 | Baa | (49 | ) | 21.5 | 2,613 | 18.3 | |||||||
3 | Ba | (20 | ) | 8.8 | 390 | 2.7 | |||||||
4 | B | (23 | ) | 10.1 | 335 | 2.4 | |||||||
5 | Caa or lower | (8 | ) | 3.5 | 104 | 0.7 | |||||||
6 | In or near default | (6 | ) | 2.6 | 48 | 0.3 | |||||||
Total | $ | (228 | ) | 100.0 | % | $ | 14,299 | 100.0 | % | ||||
The table above includes redeemable preferred securities with a fair value of $6 million and an unrealized loss of $1 million. It also includes 36 securities that have not yet received an NAIC rating, for which we have assigned a comparable internal rating, with a fair value totaling $668 million and an unrealized loss of $7 million. Due to lags between the funding of an investment, processing of final legal documents, filing with the Securities Valuation Office of the NAIC ("SVO"), and rating by the SVO, we will always have a small number of securities that have a pending rating.
At December 31, 2004, $171 million, or 75.0%, of the gross unrealized losses were related to investment grade fixed income securities. Unrealized losses on investment grade securities principally relate to changes in interest rates or changes in sector-related credit spreads since the securities were acquired.
As of December 31, 2004, $57 million of the gross unrealized losses were related to below investment grade fixed income securities. Of this amount, 26.0% were in a significant unrealized loss position (greater than or equal to 20% of amortized cost) for six or more consecutive months prior to December 31, 2004. Included among the securities rated below investment grade are both public and privately placed high-yield bonds and securities that were investment grade when originally acquired. We mitigate the credit risk of investing in below investment grade fixed income securities by limiting the percentage of our fixed income portfolio invested in such securities, through diversification of the portfolio, and active credit monitoring and portfolio management.
The scheduled maturity dates for fixed income securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2004 is shown below. Actual maturities may differ from those scheduled as a result of prepayments by the issuers.
(in millions) |
Unrealized Loss |
Percent to Total |
Fair Value |
Percent to Total |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Due in one year or less | $ | (2 | ) | 0.9 | % | $ | 154 | 1.1 | % | ||
Due after one year through five years | (19 | ) | 8.3 | 2,146 | 15.0 | ||||||
Due after five years through ten years | (50 | ) | 21.9 | 3,186 | 22.3 | ||||||
Due after ten years | (101 | ) | 44.3 | 4,188 | 29.3 | ||||||
Mortgage- and asset- backed securities(1) | (56 | ) | 24.6 | 4,625 | 32.3 | ||||||
Total | $ | (228 | ) | 100.0 | % | $ | 14,299 | 100.0 | % | ||
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The equity portfolio is comprised of securities in the following sectors.
|
|
Gross unrealized |
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At December 31, 2004 |
|
|
||||||||||
Cost |
Gains |
Losses |
Fair Value |
|||||||||
(in millions) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Consumer goods (cyclical and non-cyclical) | $ | 1,053 | $ | 313 | $ | (9 | ) | $ | 1,357 | |||
Technology | 507 | 139 | (2 | ) | 644 | |||||||
Financial services | 614 | 171 | (1 | ) | 784 | |||||||
Real estate | 255 | 181 | | 436 | ||||||||
Capital goods | 367 | 165 | | 532 | ||||||||
Banking | 251 | 82 | | 333 | ||||||||
Communications | 315 | 71 | (1 | ) | 385 | |||||||
Energy | 233 | 125 | | 358 | ||||||||
Basic industry | 103 | 37 | (1 | ) | 139 | |||||||
Utilities | 100 | 40 | | 140 | ||||||||
Transportation | 33 | 18 | | 51 | ||||||||
Other | 735 | 1 | | 736 | ||||||||
Total equities | $ | 4,566 | $ | 1,343 | $ | (14 | ) | $ | 5,895 | |||
At December 31, 2004, the consumer goods sector had the highest concentration of gross unrealized losses in our equity portfolio, which was primarily company specific. We expect eventual recovery of these securities. We included every security in our portfolio monitoring process.
Portfolio Monitoring We have a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate fixed income and equity securities whose carrying value may be other than temporarily impaired. The process includes a quarterly review of all securities using a screening process to identify those securities whose fair value compared to amortized cost for fixed income securities or cost for equity securities is below established thresholds for certain time periods, or which are identified through other monitoring criteria such as ratings downgrades or payment defaults. The securities identified, in addition to other securities for which we may have a concern, are evaluated based on facts and circumstances for inclusion on our watch-list. The watch-list is reviewed in detail to determine whether any other than temporary impairment exists.
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The following table summarizes fixed income and equity securities in a gross unrealized loss position according to significance, aging and investment grade classification.
|
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2003 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fixed Income |
|
|
Fixed Income |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions except number of issues) |
Investment Grade |
Below Investment Grade |
Equity |
Total |
Investment Grade |
Below Investment Grade |
Equity |
Total |
||||||||||||||||||
Category (i): Unrealized loss less than 20% of cost(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Issues | 1,889 | 145 | 105 | 2,139 | 1,076 | 154 | 143 | 1,373 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ | 13,418 | $ | 841 | $ | 175 | $ | 14,434 | $ | 10,320 | $ | 911 | $ | 167 | $ | 11,398 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | $ | (169 | ) | $ | (41 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (221 | ) | $ | (234 | ) | $ | (47 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (290 | ) | ||
Category (ii): Unrealized loss greater than or equal to 20% of cost for a period of less than 6 consecutive months(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Issues | 4 | 3 | 22 | 29 | 10 | 24 | 29 | 63 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ | 4 | $ | 2 | $ | 6 | $ | 12 | $ | | $ | 53 | $ | 19 | $ | 72 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (20 | ) | $ | (24 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (53 | ) | ||
Category (iii): Unrealized loss greater than or equal to 20% of cost for a period of 6 or more consecutive months, but less than 12 consecutive months(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Issues | | 3 | 22 | 25 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ | | $ | 19 | $ | 3 | $ | 22 | $ | 7 | $ | 51 | $ | 1 | $ | 59 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | $ | | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (7 | ) | $ | (8 | ) | $ | (23 | ) | $ | | $ | (31 | ) | ||||
Category (iv): Unrealized loss greater than or equal to 20% of cost for twelve or more consecutive months(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Issues | | 5 | | 5 | | 9 | 1 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value | $ | | $ | 15 | $ | | $ | 15 | $ | | $ | 37 | $ | | $ | 37 | ||||||||||
Unrealized | $ | | $ | (9 | ) | $ | | $ | (9 | ) | $ | | $ | (14 | ) | $ | | $ | (14 | ) | ||||||
Total Number of Issues | 1,893 | 156 | 149 | 2,198 | 1,088 | 194 | 179 | 1,461 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total Fair Value | $ | 13,422 | $ | 877 | $ | 184 | $ | 14,483 | $ | 10,327 | $ | 1,052 | $ | 187 | $ | 11,566 | ||||||||||
Total Unrealized Losses | $ | (171 | ) | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (242 | ) | $ | (262 | ) | $ | (108 | ) | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (388 | ) | ||
The largest individual unrealized loss was $3 million for category (i), $1 million for category (ii), $3 million for category (iii) and $3 million for category (iv) as of December 31, 2004.
81
Categories (i) and (ii) have generally been adversely affected by overall economic conditions including interest rate changes and the market's evaluation of certain sectors. The degree to which and/or length of time that the securities have been in an unrealized loss position does not suggest that these securities pose a high risk of being other than temporarily impaired. Categories (iii) and (iv) have primarily been adversely affected by industry and issue specific conditions. All of the securities in these categories are monitored for impairment. We expect that the fair values of these securities will recover over time.
Whenever our initial analysis indicates that a fixed income security's unrealized loss of 20% or more for at least 36 months or any equity security's unrealized loss of 20% or more for at least 12 months is temporary, additional evaluations and management approvals are required to substantiate that a write-down is not appropriate. As of December 31, 2004, no securities met these criteria.
The following table contains the individual securities with the largest unrealized losses as of December 31, 2004. No other fixed income or equity security had an unrealized loss greater than $2 million or 1.0% of the total unrealized loss on fixed income and equity securities.
(in millions) |
Unrealized Loss |
Fair Value |
NAIC Rating |
Unrealized Loss Category |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food Processing Company | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 16 | N/A | (i) | ||||
Asset Backed Security | (3 | ) | 5 | 4 | (iv) | ||||||
Municipal Utility | (3 | ) | 27 | 4 | (i) | ||||||
Domestic Bank | (3 | ) | 47 | 1 | (i) | ||||||
Asset Backed Security | (3 | ) | 7 | 3 | (iii) | ||||||
State General Obligation for a Pension Fund | (3 | ) | 67 | 1 | (i) | ||||||
Pharmaceutical Company | (3 | ) | 62 | N/A | (i) | ||||||
Major U.S. Airline | (3 | ) | 20 | 2 | (i) | ||||||
Regional Telephone Company | (3 | ) | 13 | 3 | (i) | ||||||
Total | $ | (28 | ) | $ | 264 | ||||||
We also monitor the quality of our fixed income portfolio by categorizing certain investments as "problem", "restructured" or "potential problem." Problem fixed income securities are securities in default with respect to principal or interest and/or securities issued by companies that have gone into bankruptcy subsequent to our acquisition of the security. Restructured fixed income securities have rates and terms that are not consistent with market rates or terms prevailing at the time of the restructuring. Potential problem fixed income securities are current with respect to contractual principal and/or interest, but because of other facts and circumstances, we have concerns regarding the borrower's ability to pay future principal and interest, which causes us to believe these securities may be classified as problem or restructured in the future.
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The following table summarizes problem, restructured and potential problem fixed income securities at December 31.
|
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Amortized cost |
Fair value |
Percent of total Fixed Income portfolio |
Amortized cost |
Fair value |
Percent of total Fixed Income portfolio |
|||||||||||
Problem | $ | 150 | $ | 153 | 0.1 | % | $ | 325 | $ | 322 | 0.4 | % | |||||
Restructured | 75 | 75 | 0.1 | 77 | 78 | 0.1 | |||||||||||
Potential problem | 265 | 269 | 0.3 | 397 | 382 | 0.4 | |||||||||||
Total net carrying value | $ | 490 | $ | 497 | 0.5 | % | $ | 799 | $ | 782 | 0.9 | % | |||||
Cumulative write-downs recognized | $ | 351 | $ | 347 | |||||||||||||
We have experienced a decrease in the amortized cost of fixed income securities in all categories as of December 31, 2004 compared to December 31, 2003. The decreases were primarily related to prepayments by issuers, sales in these categories due to specific developments causing a change in our outlook and intent to hold those securities, and an improvement in the outlook for these securities.
We also evaluated each of these securities through our portfolio monitoring process at December 31, 2004 and recorded write-downs when appropriate. We further concluded that any remaining unrealized losses on these securities were temporary in nature. While these balances may increase in the future, particularly if economic conditions are unfavorable, management expects that the total amount of securities in these categories will remain low relative to the total fixed income securities portfolio.
Net Realized Capital Gains and Losses The following table presents the components of realized capital gains and losses and the related tax effect for the years ended December 31.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Investment write-downs | $ | (129 | ) | $ | (294 | ) | $ | (467 | ) | |
Dispositions(1) | 828 | 453 | (221 | ) | ||||||
Valuation of derivative instruments | (46 | ) | 16 | (60 | ) | |||||
Settlement of derivative instruments | (62 | ) | 21 | (176 | ) | |||||
Realized capital gains and losses, pretax | 591 | 196 | (924 | ) | ||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (199 | ) | (62 | ) | 326 | |||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | $ | 392 | $ | 134 | $ | (598 | ) | |||
Investment write-downs during 2004 represented approximately 0.1% of the average total investment portfolio value during the year. Included in losses from written down investments were $29 million related to airline industry holdings. For the year ended December 31, 2004, the $828 million in net gains from sales was comprised of gross gains of $1.26 billion and gross losses of $434 million. Gross losses from sales of fixed income and equity securities combined with investment write-downs on fixed income and equity securities of $128 million, represented total gross realized losses of $562 million. Of the $434 million in gross losses from sales of fixed income and equity securities, $228 million resulted from sales of fixed income securities and $206 million resulted from sales of equity securities.
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Dispositions in the above table include sales and other transactions such as calls and prepayments. We may sell securities during the period in which fair value has declined below amortized cost for fixed income securities or cost for equity securities. In certain situations new factors such as negative developments, subsequent credit deterioration, relative value opportunities, market liquidity concerns and portfolio reallocations can subsequently change our previous intent to continue holding a security.
A changing interest rate environment will also drive changes in our portfolio duration targets at a tactical level. A duration target and range is established with an economic view of liabilities relative to a long-term portfolio view. Tactical duration adjustments within management's approved ranges are accomplished through both cash market transactions and derivative activities that generate realized gains and losses. As a component of our approach to managing portfolio duration, realized gains and losses on futures are most appropriately considered in conjunction with the unrealized gains and losses on the Property-Liability fixed income portfolio. This approach mitigates the impacts of general interest rate changes to the overall financial condition of the corporation.
The ten largest losses from sales of individual securities for the year ended December 31, 2004 totaled $73 million with the largest being $16 million and the smallest being $4 million. None of the $73 million related to securities that were in an unrealized loss position greater than or equal to 20% of amortized cost for fixed income securities or cost for equity securities for a period of six or more consecutive months prior to sale.
Our largest aggregate loss on sales and writedowns are shown in the following table by issuer and its affiliates. No other issuer together with its affiliates had an aggregated loss on sales and writedowns greater than 2.0% of the total gross loss on sales and writedowns on fixed income and equity securities.
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We have also included in this table the related circumstances giving rise to the losses and a discussion of how those circumstances may have affected other material investments held.
(in millions) |
Fair Value at Sale ("Proceeds") |
Loss on Sale |
Write- downs |
December 31, 2004 Holdings(1) |
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A leading producer of graphics chips for personal computers and servers. A slowdown in demand for semiconductors and a delayed rollout of new products resulted in earnings falling significantly short of expectations. The position was liquidated at a loss. | $ | 15 | $ | (16 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
A pharmaceutical company dealing with a lean drug pipeline, litigation risk, and political risk. We expect improvement in the company's operating environment. Sales were made in conjunction with the repositioning of our equity portfolio. |
18 |
(9 |
) |
(7 |
) |
58 |
4 |
||||||||
An international vehicle manufacturer that filed for insolvency in early 2004. |
|
|
(14 |
) |
6 |
|
|||||||||
A major U.S. airline. A write down was taken in the third quarter of 2004 reflecting a heightened probability of bankruptcy. Subsequently, the airline reached an agreement with its pilots and restructured certain near-term debt maturities through exchange offers. Current holdings are secured by specific aircraft. Valuations in the industry continue to be under stress. |
1 |
|
(12 |
) |
21 |
|
|||||||||
A foreign company with operations related to infrastructure projects, including rail renewal and road design and construction. |
|
|
(12 |
) |
17 |
|
|||||||||
A leading developer of software products used in the design and manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The combination of a faltering business cycle and less than expected product renewals caused results to fall significantly short of expectations. The position was liquidated at a loss. |
16 |
(12 |
) |
|
2 |
|
|||||||||
Total |
$ |
50 |
$ |
(37 |
) |
$ |
(45 |
) |
$ |
104 |
$ |
4 |
|||
The circumstances of the above losses are considered to be company specific and are not expected to have an effect on other holdings in our portfolios.
Mortgage Loans Our mortgage loans portfolio which is primarily held in the Allstate Financial portfolio was $7.86 billion at December 31, 2004 and $6.54 billion at December 31, 2003, and comprised primarily of loans secured by first mortgages on developed commercial real estate. Geographical and property type diversification are key considerations used to manage our mortgage loan risk.
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We closely monitor our commercial mortgage loan portfolio on a loan-by-loan basis. Loans with an estimated collateral value less than the loan balance, as well as loans with other characteristics indicative of higher than normal credit risk, are reviewed by financial and investment management at least quarterly for purposes of establishing valuation allowances and placing loans on non-accrual status. The underlying collateral values are based upon either discounted property cash flow projections or a commonly used valuation method that utilizes a one-year projection of expected annual income divided by an expected rate of return. We had net realized capital losses related to write-downs on mortgage loans of $1 million, $4 million and $2 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Short-Term Investments Our short-term investment portfolio was $4.13 billion and $1.82 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. We invest available cash balances primarily in taxable short-term securities having a final maturity date or redemption date of less than one year.
We also participate in securities lending, primarily as an investment yield enhancement, with third parties such as brokerage firms. We obtain collateral in an amount equal to 102% and 105% of the fair value of domestic and foreign securities, respectively, and monitor the market value of the securities loaned on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained as necessary. The cash we receive is invested in short-term and fixed income investments, and an offsetting liability is recorded in other liabilities. At December 31, 2004, the amount of securities lending collateral reinvested in short-term investments had a carrying value of $1.43 billion. This compares to $569 million at December 31, 2003.
MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in equity, interest, commodity, or currency exchange rates and prices. Our primary market risk exposures are to changes in interest rates and equity prices, although we also have a smaller exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
The active management of market risk is integral to our results of operations. We may use the following approaches to manage exposure to market risk within defined tolerance ranges: 1) rebalancing existing asset or liability portfolios, 2) changing the character of investments purchased in the future and 3) using derivative instruments to modify the market risk characteristics of existing assets and liabilities or assets expected to be purchased. For a more detailed discussion of our use of derivative financial instruments, see Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements.
Overview We generate substantial investable funds from our Property-Liability and Allstate Financial businesses. In formulating and implementing guidelines for investing funds, we seek to earn returns that enhance our ability to offer competitive rates and prices to customers while contributing to attractive and stable profits and long-term capital growth. Accordingly, our investment decisions and objectives are a function of the underlying risks and product profiles of each business.
Investment policies define the overall framework for managing market and other investment risks, including accountability and control over risk management activities. Subsidiaries that conduct investment activities follow policies that have been approved by their respective boards of directors. These investment policies specify the investment limits and strategies that are appropriate given the liquidity, surplus, product profile and regulatory requirements of the subsidiary. These activities are conducted primarily through subsidiaries' boards of directors and investment committees. For Allstate Financial, the asset-liability management ("ALM") policy guidelines further define the overall asset-liability framework for managing market and investment risks. The Allstate Financial ALM activities follow asset-liability policies that have been approved by their respective boards of directors. These ALM policies specify
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limits, ranges and targets for investments that best meet Allstate Financial's business objectives in light of its product liabilities.
We manage our exposure to market risk through the use of asset allocation, duration and value-at-risk limits, through the use of simulation and, as appropriate, through the use of stress tests. We have asset allocation limits that place restrictions on the total funds that may be invested within an asset class. We have duration limits on the Property-Liability and Allstate Financial investment portfolios and, as appropriate, on individual components of these portfolios. These duration limits place restrictions on the amount of interest rate risk that may be taken. Our value-at-risk limits restrict the potential loss in fair value that could arise from adverse movements in the fixed income, equity, and currency markets based on historical volatilities and correlations among market risk factors. Comprehensive day-to-day management of market risk within defined tolerance ranges occurs as portfolio managers buy and sell within their respective markets based upon the acceptable boundaries established by investment policies. For Allstate Financial, this day-to-day management is integrated within the day-to-day activities of the ALM function. One result of this work is the development and implementation of an asset allocation strategy for optimizing Allstate Financial's investment income.
Although we apply a common overall philosophy to market risk, the underlying business frameworks and the accounting and regulatory environments differ considerably between the Property-Liability and Allstate Financial businesses affecting investment decisions and risk parameters.
Interest rate risk is the risk that we will incur a loss due to adverse changes in interest rates. This risk arises from many of our primary activities, as we invest substantial funds in interest-sensitive assets and issue interest-sensitive liabilities, primarily in our Allstate Financial operations.
We manage the interest rate risk in our assets relative to the interest rate risk in our liabilities. One of the measures used to quantify this exposure is duration. Duration measures the price sensitivity of the assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase 100 basis points, the fair value of an asset exhibiting a duration of 5 is expected to decrease in value by approximately 5%. At December 31, 2004, the difference between our asset and liability duration was approximately 0.84, compared to a 0.99 gap at December 31, 2003. A positive duration gap indicates that the fair value of our assets is more sensitive to interest rate movements than the fair value of our liabilities.
Most of our duration gap originates from the Property-Liability operations, with the primary liabilities being auto and homeowners claims. In the management of investments supporting the Property-Liability business, we adhere to an objective of emphasizing safety of principal and consistency of income within a total return framework. This approach is designed to ensure our financial strength and stability for paying claims, while maximizing economic value and surplus growth. This objective generally results in a positive duration mismatch between the Property-Liability assets and liabilities.
For the Allstate Financial business, we seek to invest premiums, contract charges and deposits to generate future cash flows that will fund future claims, benefits and expenses, and that will earn stable margins across a wide variety of interest rate and economic scenarios. In order to achieve this objective and limit interest rate risk for Allstate Financial, we adhere to a philosophy of managing the duration of assets and related liabilities. This philosophy may include using interest rate swaps, futures, forwards, caps and floors to reduce the interest rate risk resulting from mismatches between existing assets and liabilities, and financial futures and other derivative instruments to hedge the interest rate risk of anticipated purchases and sales of investments and product sales to customers.
We pledge and receive collateral on certain types of derivative contracts. For futures and option contracts traded on exchanges, we have pledged securities as margin deposits totaling $27 million as of December 31, 2004. For over-the-counter derivative transactions involving interest rate swaps, foreign
87
currency swaps, interest rate caps, interest rate floor agreements, and credit default swaps, master netting agreements are used. These agreements allow us to net payments due for transactions covered by the agreements, and when applicable, we are required to post collateral. As of December 31, 2004,we had posted $1 million of securities, while counterparties pledged $490 million of cash as collateral for over-the-counter instruments.
To calculate the duration gap between assets and liabilities, we project asset and liability cash flows and calculate their net present value using a risk-free market interest rate adjusted for credit quality, sector attributes, liquidity and other specific risks. Duration is calculated by revaluing these cash flows at alternative interest rates and determining the percentage change in aggregate fair value. The cash flows used in this calculation include the expected maturity and repricing characteristics of our derivative financial instruments, all other financial instruments (as described in Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements), and certain other items including unearned premiums, property-liability claims and claims expense reserves, interest-sensitive liabilities and annuity liabilities. The projections include assumptions (based upon historical market experience and our experience) that reflect the effect of changing interest rates on the prepayment, lapse, leverage and/or option features of instruments, where applicable. Such assumptions relate primarily to mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, municipal housing bonds, callable municipal and corporate obligations, and fixed rate single and flexible premium deferred annuities. Additionally, the calculations include assumptions regarding the renewal of property-liability policies.
Based upon the information and assumptions we use in this duration calculation, and interest rates in effect at December 31, 2004, we estimate that a 100 basis point immediate, parallel increase in interest rates ("rate shock") would decrease the net fair value of the assets and liabilities by approximately $1.79 billion, compared to $1.77 billion at December 31, 2003. Additionally, there are $7.32 billion of assets supporting life insurance products such as traditional and interest-sensitive life that are not financial instruments and as a result have not been included in the above estimate. This amount has increased from the $6.20 billion reported at December 31, 2003 due to increases in policies in force. Based on assumptions described above, in the event of a 100 basis point immediate increase in interest rates, these assets would decrease in value by $427 million, compared to a decrease of $278 million at December 31, 2003. Also reflected in the duration calculation are the effects of a program that uses short futures to manage the Property-Liability interest rate risk exposures relative to duration targets. Based on contracts in place at December 31, 2004, we would recognize realized capital gains totaling $45 million in the event of a 100 basis point immediate, parallel interest rate increase and $45 million in realized capital losses in the event of a 100 basis point immediate, parallel interest rate decrease. The selection of a 100 basis point immediate parallel change in interest rates should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.
To the extent that conditions differ from the assumptions we used in these calculations, duration and rate shock measures could be significantly impacted. Additionally, our calculations assume that the current relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (the term structure of interest rates) will remain constant over time. As a result, these calculations may not fully capture the effect of non-parallel changes in the term structure of interest rates and/or large changes in interest rates.
Equity price risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in the general levels of the equity markets. At December 31, 2004, we held approximately $4.88 billion in common stocks and $1.82 billion in other securities with equity risk (including primarily convertible securities, limited partnership funds and non-redeemable preferred securities), compared to approximately $4.42 billion in common stocks and $1.30 billion in other equity investments at December 31, 2003. Approximately 99.8%
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and 65.8% of these totals, respectively, represented assets of the Property-Liability operations at December 31, 2004, compared to approximately 99.0% and 58.8%, respectively, at December 31, 2003.
At December 31, 2004, our portfolio of equity investments had a beta of approximately 0.85, compared to a beta of approximately 0.84 at December 31, 2003. Beta represents a widely used methodology to describe, quantitatively, an investment's market risk characteristics relative to the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Price Index ("S&P 500"). Based on the beta analysis, we estimate that if the S&P 500 decreases by 10%, the fair value of our equity investments will decrease by approximately 8.5%. Likewise, we estimate that if the S&P 500 increases by 10%, the fair value of our equity investments will increase by approximately 8.5%. Based upon the information and assumptions we used to calculate beta at December 31, 2004, we estimate that an immediate decrease in the S&P 500 of 10% would decrease the net fair value of our equity investments identified above by approximately $569 million, compared to $478 million at December 31, 2003. The selection of a 10% immediate decrease in the S&P 500 should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.
The beta of our equity investments was determined by comparing the monthly total returns of the equity investments to monthly total returns of the S&P 500 over a three-year historical period. Since beta is historically based, projecting future price volatility using this method involves an inherent assumption that historical volatility and correlation relationships between stocks will not change in the future. Therefore, the illustrations noted above may not reflect our actual experience if future volatility and correlation relationships differ from the historical relationships.
At December 31, 2004 and 2003, we had separate accounts assets related to variable annuity and variable life contracts with account values totaling $14.38 billion and $13.43 billion, respectively. We earn contract charges as a percentage of these account values. In the event of an immediate decline of 10% in the account values due to equity market declines, we would have earned approximately $24 million and $21 million less in fee income at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively.
Variable annuity contracts sold by Allstate Financial have a GMDB and customers may choose to purchase an enhanced GMDB, guaranteed minimum income benefits ("GMIB") prior to 2004, a TrueReturnSM guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit ("GMAB") beginning in 2004, and beginning in 2005, a SureIncomeSM guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit ("GMWB"). These guarantees subject us to additional equity market risk because the beneficiary or contractholder may receive a benefit that is greater than their corresponding account value. GMDBs are payable upon death. GMIBs may be exercised on or after the tenth-year anniversary (not prior to 2008) of the contract if the contractholder elects to receive a defined stream of payments ("annuitize"). GMABs are credited to the contractholder account on a contract anniversary date that is pre-determined by the contractholder, between the eighth and twentieth year after contract issue (not prior to 2012). GMABs guarantee an account value of up to 2.5 times (or 250%) of the amount deposited in the contract, depending on the amount of time the contract is in force and adherence to certain fund allocation requirements. GMWBs will be payable if the contractholder elects to take partial withdrawals. GMWBs guarantee that the contractholder can take annual partial withdrawals up to 8% of the amount deposited in the contract until their withdrawals total the initial deposit.
In January 2004, we established reserves for GMDBs and GMIBs in conjunction with the adoption of SOP 03-1. Because of this change in accounting, guarantee payments will be recognized overfuture periods rather than expensed as paid. For more details see Notes 2 and 8 of the consolidated financial statements.
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At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the guaranteed value of the death benefits in excess of account values was estimated to be $1.80 billion and $2.46 billion, respectively, net of reinsurance. The decrease in this estimate between periods is attributable to improved equity markets during 2004 and customer surrenders of contracts with in-the-money GMDBs. In both periods, approximately two-thirds of this exposure is related to the return of deposits guarantee, while the remaining one-third is attributable to a death benefit guarantee greater than the original deposits. In addition to reinsurance for a portion of these benefits, we entered into various derivative instruments beginning in 2003 to offset the risk of future death claims on substantially all new business issued on or after January 1, 2003. A similar program for GMABs was established in 2004 and a similar program for GMWBs will be established in 2005.
In the event of an immediate decline in account values of 10% due to equity market declines, payments for guaranteed death benefits at December 31, 2004 would increase by an estimated $15 million in 2005. These payments would be charged against the related reserve rather than directly to earnings as paid. Contributions to the reserve for GMDBs would be reduced by approximately $1 million in 2005 in the event of an immediate 10% decline in account values. For discussion of the accounting treatment, see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements. The selection of a 10% immediate decrease should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an example to illustrate the potential effect on earnings and cash flow of equity market declines as a result of this guarantee. Also, our actual payment experience in the future may not be consistent with the assumptions used in the model.
GMIB contracts that we sold provide the contractholder with the right to annuitize based on the highest account value at any anniversary date or on a guaranteed earnings rate based on the initial account value over the specified period. The guaranteed income benefit feature was first offered in our variably annuity products beginning in 1998, with guaranteed benefits available for election by contractholders ten years after issue. Accordingly, the earliest date at which benefits would become payable is 2008. In the event of an immediate decline of 10% in contractholders' account values as of December 31, 2004 due to equity market declines, contributions to the reserve would be reduced by a nominal amount in 2005. For discussion of the accounting treatment, see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements. The selection of a 10% immediate decrease should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an example to illustrate the potential effect on earnings and cash flow of equity market declines as a result of this guarantee.
In the event of an immediate decline of 10% in GMAB contractholders' account values as of December 31, 2004, due to equity market declines, there would be no net impact on our earnings because these benefits are fully hedged, however the reserve for GMABs would be increased by approximately $5 million.
In addition to our GMDB, GMIB and GMAB equity risk, at December 31, 2004 and 2003 we had approximately $2.02 billion and $1.55 billion, respectively, in equity-indexed annuity liabilities that provide customers with interest crediting rates based on the performance of the S&P 500. We hedge the equity risk associated with these liabilities through the purchase and sale of equity-indexed options and futures, swap futures, and eurodollar futures, maintaining risk within specified value-at-risk limits.
Allstate Financial also is exposed to equity risk in DAC. Fluctuations in the value of the variable annuity and life contract account values due to the equity market affect DAC amortization, because the expected fee income and guaranteed benefits payable are components of the EGP for variable annuity and life contracts. For a more detailed discussion of DAC, see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements and the Application of Critical Accounting Policies section of the MD&A.
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Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This risk primarily arises from our foreign equity investments, including real estate funds and our Canadian operations. We also have funding agreement programs and a small amount of fixed income securities that are denominated in foreign currencies, but we use derivatives to hedge the foreign currency risk of these funding agreements and securities. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, we had approximately $1.22 billion and $1.36 billion, respectively, in funding agreements denominated in foreign currencies.
At December 31, 2004, we had approximately $455 million in foreign currency denominated equity securities and an additional $567 million net investment in our Canadian subsidiaries. These amounts were $380 million and $492 million, respectively, at December 31, 2003. The foreign currency exposure is almost entirely in the Property-Liability business.
Based upon the information and assumptions we used at December 31, 2004, we estimate that a 10% immediate unfavorable change in each of the foreign currency exchange rates that we are exposed to would decrease the value of our foreign currency denominated instruments by approximately $102 million, compared with an estimated $87 million decrease at December 31, 2003. The selection of a 10% immediate decrease in all currency exchange rates should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event. Our currency exposure is diversified across 32 countries, compared to 31 countries at December 31, 2003. Our largest individual currency exchange exposures at December 31, 2004 were to the Canadian dollar (56.5%) and the British pound (11.0%). The largest individual currency exchange exposures at December 31, 2003 were to the Canadian dollar (58.9%) and the British pound (10.5%). Our primary regional exposure is to Western Europe, approximately 28.7% at December 31, 2004, compared to 27.8% at December 31, 2003.
The modeling technique we use to report our currency exposure does not take into account correlation among foreign currency exchange rates. Even though we believe it is very unlikely that all of the foreign currency exchange rates that we are exposed to would simultaneously decrease by 10%, we nonetheless stress test our portfolio under this and other hypothetical extreme adverse market scenarios. Our actual experience may differ from these results because of assumptions we have used or because significant liquidity and market events could occur that we did not foresee.
PENSION PLANS
We have defined benefit pension plans, which cover most full-time and certain part-time employees and employee-agents. See Note 16 of the consolidated financial statements for a complete discussion of these plans and their effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Net periodic pension cost in 2005 is estimated to be $313 million based on current assumptions. Net periodic pension cost increased in 2004 and 2003 principally due to unfavorable returns on plan assets, decreases in the weighted average discount rate assumption which is based on long-term interest rates, and, in 2003, a decrease in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. In each of the years 2004, 2003 and 2002, net pension cost included non-cash settlement charges primarily resulting from lump sum distributions made to agents. Settlement charges are expected to continue in the future as we settle our remaining agent pension obligations by making lump sum distributions to agents.
As provided for in Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") No. 87 "Employers' Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits," the market-related value component of expected returns recognizes plan equity losses and gains over a five-year period, which we believe is consistent with the long-term nature of pension
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obligations. As a result, the effect of changes in fair value on our net periodic pension cost may be experienced in periods subsequent to those in which the fluctuations actually occur.
Amounts recorded for pension cost and minimum pension liabilities are significantly affected by fluctuations in the returns on plan assets and the amortization of unrecognized actuarial gains and losses. Plan assets sustained net losses in 2002 primarily due to the decline in the equity markets. These asset losses, combined with all other unrecognized actuarial gains and losses, resulted in amortization of net actuarial loss (and additional net periodic pension cost) of $121 million in 2004 and $92 million in 2003. We anticipate that the unrealized loss for our pension plans will exceed 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligations or the market-related value of assets during the foreseeable future, resulting in additional amortization and net periodic pension cost.
Amounts recorded for net periodic pension cost and minimum pension liabilities are also significantly affected by changes in the assumptions used to determine the weighted average discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The weighted average discount rate is based on rates at which expected pension benefits attributable to past employee service could effectively be settled on a present value basis at the measurement date. We develop the assumed weighted average discount rate by utilizing the weighted average yield of a theoretical dedicated portfolio derived from bonds available in the Lehman corporate bond universe having ratings of at least "AA" by Standard & Poor's or at least "Aa" by Moody's on the measurement date with cash flows that match expected plan benefit requirements. Significant changes in discount rates, such as those caused by changes in the yield curve, the mix of bonds available in the market, the duration of selected bonds and expected benefit payments, may result in volatility in pension cost and minimum pension liabilities.
Holding other assumptions constant, a hypothetical decrease of 100 basis points in the weighted average discount rate would result in an increase of $50 million in net periodic pension cost and an $867 million increase in the minimum pension liability after-tax as of October 31, 2004, our most recent measurement date, versus an increase of $48 million in net periodic pension cost and a $762 million increase in the minimum pension liability after-tax as of October 31, 2003. A hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in the weighted average discount rate would decrease net periodic pension cost by $41 million and would decrease the minimum pension liability after-tax by $49 million as of October 31, 2004, versus a decrease in net periodic pension cost of $40 million and a $52 million decrease in the minimum pension liability after-tax as of October 31, 2003. This non-symmetrical range results from the non-linear relationship between discount rates and pension obligations, and changes in the amortization of unrealized net actuarial gains and losses.
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on plan assets. While this rate reflects long-term assumptions and is consistent with long-term historical returns, sustained changes in the market or changes in the mix of plan assets may lead to revisions in the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets that may result in variability of pension cost. Differences between the actual return on plan assets and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets are a component of unrecognized gains or losses, which may be amortized as a component of net actuarial gains and losses. As a result, the effect of changes in fair value on our pension cost may be experienced in periods subsequent to those in which the fluctuations actually occur.
Holding other assumptions constant, a hypothetical decrease of 100 basis points in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets would result in an increase of $37 million in pension cost at October 31, 2004, compared to an increase of $34 million at October 31, 2003. A hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets would result in a decrease in net periodic pension cost of $37 million at October 31, 2004, compared to a decrease of $34 million at
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October 31, 2003. Changes in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets do not affect the minimum pension liability.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Capital Resources consist of shareholders' equity and debt, representing funds deployed or available to be deployed to support business operations or for general corporate purposes. The following table summarizes our capital resources at December 31.
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Common stock, retained earnings and other shareholders' equity items | $ | 19,208 | $ | 17,809 | $ | 15,705 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 2,615 | 2,756 | 1,733 | ||||||||
Total shareholders' equity | 21,823 | 20,565 | 17,438 | ||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities | | | 200 | ||||||||
Debt | 5,334 | 5,076 | 4,240 | ||||||||
Total capital resources | $ | 27,157 | $ | 25,641 | $ | 21,878 | |||||
Ratio of debt and mandatorily redeemable preferred securities to shareholders' equity |
24.4 |
% |
24.7 |
% |
25.5 |
% |
Shareholders' equity increased in 2004 when compared to 2003, as net income was partially offset by share repurchases and dividends paid to shareholders. Shareholders' equity increased in 2003 when compared to 2002, as net income, unrealized net capital gains on investments and a decrease in the minimum pension liability were partially offset by dividends paid to shareholders and share repurchases. Our $1.50 billion share repurchase program was completed as of December 31, 2004. Commencing in January 2005, we have a new $4.00 billion share repurchase program which is expected to be completed in 2006.
Treasury stock is a component of shareholders' equity and, since 1995, we have repurchased 292 million shares of our common stock at a cost of $9.90 billion, primarily as part of various stock repurchase programs. We have reissued 76 million shares since 1995, primarily associated with our equity incentive plans, the 1999 acquisition of American Heritage Life Investment Corporation ("AHL") and the redemption of certain mandatorily redeemable preferred securities.
Debt increased in 2004 compared to 2003 primarily due to increases in long-term borrowings outstanding. We issued $650 million of 5.00% Senior Notes due in 2014, utilizing the registration statement filed with the SEC in June 2000. The proceeds of this issuance will be used for general corporate purposes, including to facilitate the repayment of a portion of the $900 million of 77/8% Senior Notes due 2005 at their scheduled maturity on May 1, 2005. We anticipate having adequate sources of liquidity from existing investments and dividends from subsidiaries to repay the remaining portion of the $900 million of 77/8% Senior Notes. The increase in debt was partially offset by a decrease of $412 million related to the deconsolidation of a variable interest entity ("VIE") resulting from the sale of a portion of the equity interest in the VIE. For more information on the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46 ("FIN 46"), see Notes 2, 3 and 11 of the consolidated financial statements.
At December 31, 2004, we had outstanding commercial paper borrowings of $43 million with a weighted average interest rate of 2.22%.
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The increase in debt in 2003 compared to 2002 was primarily due to the adoption of FIN 46 and increases in long-term borrowings outstanding, partly offset by declines in short-term borrowings outstanding. The adoption of FIN 46, effective July 1, 2003, increased long-term debt by $1.05 billion, including $691 million for the consolidation of two VIEs to hold assets under the management of an affiliate on behalf of third-party investors, $112 million for the consolidation of a VIE for a headquarters office building and up to 38 automotive collision repair stores, $45 million for the consolidation of the debt of a previously unconsolidated investment security, and $200 million of the debt we issued to Allstate Financing II ("AF II") that is no longer required to be consolidated. Although we were required to consolidate the two VIEs used to hold assets on behalf of third-party investors under FIN 46, we had no legal ownership of the assets and no obligation to repay the debt. Our maximum exposure related to these two entities was the current value of our equity investment, which totaled $12 million at December 31, 2003. Moody's and Standard and Poor's had apprised us that the reported debt associated with the consolidation of these VIEs would be excluded for analytical purposes from the ratio of debt to shareholders' equity for ratings considerations. This analytical ratio was 21.3% as of December 31, 2003.
In 2003, we issued $400 million of 5.350% Senior Notes due in 2033, utilizing the registration statement filed with the SEC in 2000. The proceeds of this issuance were used to redeem the $300 million of 63/4% Notes due 2003 and for general corporate purposes.
Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities were eliminated as a separate line item on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Position effective July 1, 2003, because of the adoption of FIN 46. This accounting guidance required the de-consolidation of AF II, a subsidiary that we own 100%, and the recognition of debt pursuant to debentures that we had previously issued to AF II, which are held as collateral for the mandatorily redeemable preferred securities. For further discussion of the capital structure of AF II, see Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements.
Financial Ratings and Strength The following table summarizes our debt, commercial paper and insurance financial strength ratings at December 31, 2004.
|
Moody's |
Standard & Poor's |
A.M. Best |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Allstate Corporation (senior long-term debt) | A1 | A+ | a | |||
The Allstate Corporation (commercial paper) | P-1 | A-1 | AMB-1 | |||
Allstate Insurance Company (financial strength) | Aa2 | AA | A+ | |||
Allstate Life Insurance Company ("ALIC") (financial strength) | Aa2 | AA | A+ |
Our ratings are influenced by many factors including our operating and financial performance, asset quality, liquidity, asset/liability management, overall portfolio mix, financial leverage (i.e., debt), exposure to risks such as catastrophes and the current level of operating leverage. We have distinct groups of subsidiaries licensed to sell property and casualty insurance in New Jersey and Florida. These groups have separate group ratings and are not reinsured by other Allstate subsidiaries that are not part of each of these respective groups. The ratings of the New Jersey and Florida groups are influenced by the risks noted above as they relate distinctly to each group. In 2004, A.M. Best revised the rating of Allstate Floridian Insurance Company ("Allstate Floridian") and Allstate Floridian Indemnity Company from A- (Excellent) to B+ (Very Good). These ratings remain under review with negative implications as the current risk-adjusted capitalization is not supportive of the rating, as a result of a decline in capital of Allstate Floridian due to hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne. The resolution of the ratings review will be influenced by developments prior to the 2005 hurricane season, including Florida regulatory and legislative actions, Allstate and Allstate Floridian management actions, A.M. Best's assessment of the timing and nature of such developments and their view on the amount of capital and risk-adjusted
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capitalization deemed necessary to support the ratings. Although at present it is not clear when a ratings decision will be made, it is believed A.M. Best will make a ratings decision before the 2005 hurricane season. A.M. Best has indicated it is evaluating its methodology for determining the level of capital needed to support property insurance written in areas of hurricane loss exposure in Florida. Allstate Floridian also has a Demotech rating of A1.
The ratio of net premiums written to statutory surplus is a common measure of operating leverage used in the property-casualty insurance industry and serves as an indicator of a company's premium growth capacity. Ratios in excess of 3 to 1 are typically considered outside the usual range by insurance regulators and rating agencies. AIC's premium to surplus ratio was 1.5x on December 31, 2004 compared to 1.5x in the prior year.
State laws specify regulatory actions if an insurer's risk-based capital ("RBC"), a measure of an insurer's solvency, falls below certain levels. The NAIC has a standard formula for annually assessing RBC. The formula for calculating RBC for property-liability companies takes into account asset and credit risks but places more emphasis on underwriting factors for reserving and pricing. The formula for calculating RBC for life insurance companies takes into account factors relating to insurance, business, asset and interest rate risks. At December 31, 2004, the RBC for each of our domestic insurance companies was above levels that would require regulatory actions.
The NAIC has also developed a set of financial relationships or tests known as the Insurance Regulatory Information System to assist state regulators in monitoring the financial condition of insurance companies and identifying companies that require special attention or actions by insurance regulatory authorities. The NAIC analyzes financial data provided by insurance companies using prescribed ratios, each with defined "usual ranges". Generally, regulators will begin to monitor an insurance company if its ratios fall outside the usual ranges for four or more of the ratios. If an insurance company has insufficient capital, regulators may act to reduce the amount of insurance it can issue. The ratios of our domestic insurance companies are within these ranges.
Liquidity Sources and Uses Our potential sources of funds principally include activities shown in the following table.
|
Property- Liability |
Allstate Financial |
Corporate and Other |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Receipt of insurance premiums | X | X | ||||
Allstate Financial contractholder fund deposits | X | |||||
Reinsurance recoveries | X | X | ||||
Receipts of principal, interest and dividends on investments | X | X | X | |||
Sales of investments | X | X | X | |||
Funds from investment repurchase agreements, securities lending, dollar roll, commercial paper and lines of credit agreements | X | X | X | |||
Inter-company loans and tax refunds/settlements | X | X | X | |||
Capital contributions from parent | X | X | ||||
Dividends from subsidiaries | X | X | X | |||
Funds from periodic issuance of additional securities | X | |||||
Funds from the settlement of our benefit plans | X |
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Our potential uses of funds principally include activities shown in the following table.
|
Property- Liability |
Allstate Financial |
Corporate and Other |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payment of claims and related expenses | X | |||||
Payment of contract benefits, maturities, surrenders and withdrawals | X | |||||
Reinsurance cessions and payments | X | X | ||||
Operating costs and expenses | X | X | X | |||
Purchase of investments | X | X | X | |||
Repayment of investment repurchase agreements, securities lending, dollar roll, commercial paper and lines of credit agreements | X | X | X | |||
Payment or repayment of inter-company loans | X | X | X | |||
Capital contributions to subsidiaries | X | X | X | |||
Dividends to shareholders | X | X | X | |||
Share repurchases | X | |||||
Debt service expenses and repayment | X | |||||
Settlement payments of employee and agent benefit plans | X | X |
The following table summarizes consolidated cash flow activities by business unit.
|
Property-Liability |
Allstate Financial |
Corporate and Other |
Consolidated |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities | $ | 4,092 | $ | 3,450 | $ | 2,543 | $ | 1,916 | $ | 2,256 | $ | 1,887 | $ | (540 | ) | $ | (15 | ) | $ | (7 | ) | $ | 5,468 | $ | 5,691 | $ | 4,423 | ||||||||||
Investing activities | (1,903 | ) | (2,344 | ) | (1,613 | ) | (8,039 | ) | (6,769 | ) | (7,560 | ) | (781 | ) | (351 | ) | 165 | (10,723 | ) | (9,464 | ) | (9,008 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Financing activities | 49 | 11 | 92 | 6,506 | 4,554 | 5,443 | (1,252 | ) | (888 | ) | (751 | ) | 5,303 | 3,677 | 4,784 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in consolidated cash | $ | 48 | $ | (96 | ) | $ | 199 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property-Liability Higher operating cash flows of the Property-Liability business in 2004 and 2003 were primarily due to increased underwriting income despite catastrophe losses in 2004 and contributions made to our defined benefit pension plans in 2004 and 2003. Cash used in investing activities decreased in 2004 primarily as a result of less underwriting income being available for investment due to higher operating cash flows offset by dividends paid by AIC to its parent. Cash used in investing activities increased in 2003 as higher operating cash flows were invested in the fixed income and equity portfolios.
Cash flows were impacted by dividends paid by AIC to its parent, The Allstate Corporation, totaling $2.49 billion, $1.27 billion and $675 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. For a description of limitations on the payment of these dividends, see Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements.
Allstate Financial Lower cash flows from operating activities in 2004, compared to 2003, were primarily due to lower premium collections and higher deferrable expenses paid, partially offset by lower policy and contract benefits paid and higher interest received on fixed income securities and mortgage loans. The lower premium collections were primarily the result of the disposal of substantially all of our direct response distribution business and lower sales of life-contingent immediate annuities. Higher operating cash flows of Allstate Financial in 2003 primarily relate to increases in investment income, partially offset by an increase in benefits and acquisition related expenses from new business growth.
Cash flows used in investing activities increased in 2004 compared to 2003 as the investment of higher financing cash flows was partially offset by lower operating cash flow. Cash flows used in
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investing activities declined in 2003 compared to 2002 as the investment of higher operating cash flows were offset by lower financing cash flow.
Increased cash flows from financing activities in 2004, compared to 2003, were primarily attributable to higher deposits of fixed annuities and institutional products, partially offset by fixed annuity withdrawals and institutional product maturities. Lower cash flow from financing activities during 2003 reflect an increase in maturities of institutional products and benefits and withdrawals from contractholders' accounts, partially offset by increased deposits received from contractholders. For quantification of the changes in contractholder funds, see the Allstate Financial Segment section of the MD&A.
A portion of the Allstate Financial product portfolio, primarily fixed annuity and interest-sensitive life insurance products, is subject to surrender and withdrawal at the discretion of contractholders. The following table summarizes Allstate Financial's liabilities for these products by their contractual withdrawal provisions at December 31, 2004. Approximately 16.7% of these liabilities is subject to discretionary withdrawal without adjustment.
(in millions) |
2004 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal | $ | 15,074 | ||
Subject to discretionary withdrawal with adjustments: | ||||
Specified surrender charges(1) | 21,902 | |||
Market value(2) | 9,453 | |||
Subject to discretionary withdrawal without adjustments | 9,280 | |||
Total Contractholder funds | $ | 55,709 | ||
To ensure we have the appropriate level of liquidity in this segment, we perform actuarial tests on the impact to cash flows of policy surrenders and other actions under various scenarios. Depending upon the years in which certain policy types were sold with specific surrender provisions, the Allstate Financial cash flow could vary due to higher surrender of policies exiting their surrender charge periods.
Corporate and Other Lower operating cash flow of the Corporate and Other segment in 2004 was primarily due to the timing of intercompany settlements. Financing cash flows of the Corporate and Other segment reflect actions such as fluctuations in short-term debt, proceeds from the issuance of debt, dividends to shareholders of The Allstate Corporation and share repurchases; therefore, financing cash flows are affected when we increase or decrease the level of these activities. Higher uses of cash in investing activities during 2004 and 2003 reflect additional net investments made in the portfolio of Kennett Capital, a subsidiary of The Allstate Corporation. Kennett Capital has $1.90 billion of capital that is available to pay dividends to The Allstate Corporation, that are not subject to insurance company limitations.
We have established external sources of short-term liquidity that include a commercial paper program, lines-of-credit, dollar rolls and repurchase agreements. In the aggregate, at December 31, 2004, these sources could provide over $3.16 billion of additional liquidity. For additional liquidity, we can also issue new insurance contracts, incur additional debt and sell assets from our investment portfolio. The liquidity of our investment portfolio varies by type of investment. For example, $17.41 billion of privately
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placed corporate obligations that represent 15.1% of the investment portfolio, and $7.86 billion of mortgage loans that represent 6.8% of the investment portfolio, generally are considered to be less liquid than many of our other types of investments, such as our U.S. government and agencies, municipal and public corporate fixed income security portfolios.
We have access to additional borrowing to support liquidity as follows:
Our only financial covenant exists with respect to our primary credit facility and $18 million of our capital lease obligations. The covenant requires that we not exceed a 37.5% debt to capital resources ratio as defined in the agreements. This ratio at December 31, 2004 was 19.9%.
We closely monitor and manage our liquidity through long- and short-term planning that is integrated between the corporation, the business segments and investments. Allstate Financial manages the duration of assets and related liabilities through ALM, using a dynamic process that addresses liquidity utilizing the investment portfolio, and components of the portfolio as appropriate, which is routinely subjected to stress testing. Allstate Protection's underwriting cash transactions comprise millions of small transactions that make it possible to statistically determine reasonable expectations of patterns of liquidity, which are subject to volatility from unpredictable catastrophe losses. Allstate Protection monitors the duration of its assets and liabilities and maintains a portfolio of highly liquid fixed income and equity securities, including short-term investments, exchange-traded common stock, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, and U.S. government and government agency securities in order to address the variability of its cash flows. Discontinued Lines and Coverages' liabilities are expected to be paid over many years and do not present a significant liquidity risk. Allstate Financial and Allstate Protection also have access to funds from our commercial paper program.
Certain remote events and circumstances could constrain our liquidity. Those events and circumstances include, for example, a catastrophe resulting in extraordinary losses, a downgrade in our long-term debt rating of A1 and A+ (from Moody's and Standard & Poor's, respectively) to non-investment grade status of below Baa3/BBB-, a downgrade in AIC's financial strength rating from Aa2, AA and A+ (from Moody's, Standard & Poor's and A.M. Best, respectively) to below Baa/BBB/A-, or a downgrade in ALIC's financial strength ratings from Aa2, AA and A+ (from Moody's, Standard & Poor's
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and A.M. Best, respectively) to below Aa3/AA-/A-. The rating agencies also consider the interdependence of our individually rated entities, therefore, a rating change in one entity could potentially affect the ratings of other related entities.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2004 and the payments due by period are shown in the following table.
(in millions) |
Total |
Less than 1 year |
1-3 years |
4-5 years |
Over 5 years |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Securities lending, dollar rolls, and repurchase agreements(1) |
$ | 4,364 | $ | 4,364 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
Commercial paper | 43 | 43 | | | | ||||||||||
Contractholder funds(2) | 75,033 | 8,194 | 19,337 | 10,914 | 36,588 | ||||||||||
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits(3) | 28,208 | 927 | 2,773 | 1,852 | 22,656 | ||||||||||
Long-term debt(4) | 5,293 | 900 | 706 | 750 | 2,937 | ||||||||||
Capital lease obligations(4) | 34 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 24 | ||||||||||
Operating leases(4) | 816 | 220 | 279 | 155 | 162 | ||||||||||
Unconditional purchase obligations(4) | 495 | 233 | 231 | 31 | | ||||||||||
Pension obligations(4)(5) | 89 | 71 | 12 | 6 | | ||||||||||
Reserve for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense(6) |
19,338 | 8,104 | 6,043 | 2,356 | 2,835 | ||||||||||
Other liabilities and accrued expenses(7)(8) | 8,146 | 3,381 | 191 | 139 | 4,435 | ||||||||||
Total Contractual Cash Obligations | $ | 141,859 | $ | 26,439 | $ | 29,576 | $ | 16,207 | $ | 69,637 | |||||
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experience and our expectation of future payment patterns. Uncertainties relating to these liabilities include mortality, morbidity, expenses, customer lapse and withdrawal activity, and renewal premium for life policies, which may significantly impact both the timing and amount of future payments. Such cash outflows reflect adjustments for the estimated timing of mortality, retirement, and other appropriate factors, but are undiscounted with respect to interest. As a result, the sum of the cash outflows shown for all years in the table of $28.21 billion exceeds the corresponding liability amounts of $11.75 billion included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2004 for reserve for life-contingent contract benefits. The liability amount in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position reflects the discounting for interest as well as adjustments for the timing of other factors as described above.
Our contractual commitments as of December 31, 2004 and the payments due by period are shown in the following table.
(in millions) |
Total |
Less than 1 year |
1-3 years |
4-5 years |
Over 5 years |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Other CommitmentsConditional(1) | $ | 166 | $ | 166 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
Other CommitmentsUnconditional(1) | 844 | 54 | 466 | 305 | 19 | ||||||||||
Total Commitments | $ | 1,010 | $ | 220 | $ | 466 | $ | 305 | $ | 19 | |||||
We have agreements in place for services we conduct, generally at cost, between subsidiaries relating to insurance, reinsurance, loans and capitalization. All material inter-company transactions have appropriately been eliminated in consolidation. Inter-company transactions among insurance subsidiaries and affiliates have been approved by the appropriate departments of insurance as required.
ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk management is primarily employed within the business unit where the risk resides. In addition, we have a senior management advisory committee called the Enterprise Risk Council ("ERC"). Although the work of the ERC is in the early stages, ultimately it will be responsible for assessing risks on an integrated basis across subsidiaries and organizations.
Among the risks that the ERC will be assessing are catastrophe risk management techniques employed by Allstate Protection; asset/liability management techniques primarily employed by Allstate Financial; and investment risk, including market risk, credit/counterparty risk, liquidity risk, operating risk
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and derivatives exposure limits employed by our Credit Risk Management Committee ("CRMC") in our investment organization. In addition to integrating these elements, other objectives of the ERC include:
We are utilizing for Allstate Protection an internally developed stochastic model as a significant component in our determination of an appropriate level of economic capital needed, given a defined tolerance for risk. Economic capital modeling capabilities enable us to more fully understand and optimize risk/reward tradeoffs across the portfolio of businesses. The economic capital model accounts for the unique and specific nature and interaction of the risks inherent in our businesses, and also provides a basis upon which capital may be allocated to each business unit. Future plans include adding to the model similar economic capital evaluations with respect to the Allstate Financial business unit and our investment operations so that there is a total enterprise perspective.
REGULATION AND LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are subject to extensive regulation and we are involved in various legal and regulatory actions, all of which have an effect on specific aspects of our business. For a detailed discussion of the legal and regulatory actions in which we are involved, see Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements.
PENDING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
As of December 31, 2004, there are several pending and proposed accounting standards that we have not implemented either because the standard has not been finalized or the implementation date has not yet occurred. For a discussion of these pending and proposed standards, see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements.
The effect of implementing certain accounting standards on our financial results and financial condition is often based in part on market conditions at the time of implementation of the standard and other factors we are unable to determine prior to implementation. For this reason, we are sometimes unable to estimate the effect of certain pending accounting standards until the relevant authoritative body finalizes these standards or until we implement them.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTORS
This document contains "forward-looking statements" that anticipate results based on our estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These statements are made subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future events or developments.
These forward-looking statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may be identified by their use of words like "plans," "seeks," "expects," "will," "should," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "believes," "likely," "targets" and other words with similar meanings. These statements may address, among other things, our strategy for growth, product development, regulatory approvals, market position, expenses, financial results, litigation and reserves. We believe that these statements are based on reasonable estimates, assumptions and plans. However, if the estimates, assumptions or plans
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underlying the forward-looking statements prove inaccurate or if other risks or uncertainties arise, actual results could differ materially from those communicated in these forward-looking statements. Factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by such forward-looking statements include but are not limited to those discussed or identified in this document (including the risks described below) and in our public filings with the SEC.
In addition to the normal risks of business, we are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including those listed below, which apply to us as an insurer and a provider of other financial services.
Risks Relating to the Property-Liability business
As a property and casualty insurer, we may face significant losses from catastrophes and severe weather events
Because of the exposure of our property and casualty business to catastrophic events, our operating results and financial condition may vary significantly from one period to the next. Catastrophes can be caused by various natural and man-made disasters, including earthquakes, volcanoes, wildfires, tornadoes, hurricanes, tropical storms and terrorism. While we believe that our natural event catastrophe management initiatives have reduced the potential magnitude of possible future natural event losses, we continue to be exposed to catastrophes that could have a material adverse effect on operating results and financial position. For example, in 2004 we incurred losses of $2.00 billion, net of recoveries from the FHCF, in connection with a series of four hurricanes (Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne) that struck portions of Florida, the southeastern seaboard, and other parts of the United States. In addition, our historical catastrophe experience includes losses relating to Hurricane Andrew in 1992, totaling $2.3 billion, and to the Northridge earthquake of 1994, totaling $2.1 billion. We are also exposed to assessments from the California Earthquake Authority and various Florida state-created catastrophe loss management facilities, and to losses that could surpass the capitalization of these facilities. Our liquidity could be constrained by a catastrophe, or multiple catastrophes, which result in extraordinary losses or a downgrade of our debt or financial strength ratings.
In addition, we are also subject to claims arising from weather events such as winter storms, rain, hail and high winds. The incidence and severity of weather conditions are inherently unpredictable. There is generally an increase in the frequency and severity of auto and homeowners claims when severe weather conditions occur.
Unanticipated increases in the severity or frequency of claims may adversely affect our profitability
Changes in the severity or frequency of claims may affect the profitability of our Allstate Protection segment. Changes in bodily injury claim severity are driven primarily by inflation in the medical sector of the economy. Changes in auto physical damage claim severity are driven primarily by inflation in auto repair costs, auto parts prices and used car prices. Changes in homeowner's claim severity are driven by inflation in the construction industry, in building materials and in home furnishings and by other economic and environmental factors. However, changes in the level of the severity of claims are not limited to the effects of inflation in these various sectors of the economy. Increases in claim severity can arise from unexpected events that are inherently difficult to predict. Examples of such events include a decision in 2001 by the Georgia Supreme Court that diminished value coverage was included in auto policies under Georgia law, and the emergence of mold-related homeowners losses in the state of Texas. Although from time to time we pursue various loss management initiatives in the Allstate Protection segment in order to mitigate future increases in claim severity, there can be no assurances that these initiatives will successfully identify or reduce the effect of future increases in claim severity.
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Our Allstate Protection segment has experienced a decline in claim frequency. The industry has experienced a similar decline. We believe that this decrease may be attributable to a combination of several factors, including an increase in the level of policy deductibles chosen by policyholders, a decrease in policyholder submission of claims for minor losses, and our implementation of improved underwriting criteria. The favorable level of claim frequency we have experienced may not be sustainable over the longer term. A significant increase in claim frequency could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Actual claims incurred may exceed current reserves established for claims
Recorded claim reserves in the Property-Liability business are based on our best estimates of losses, both reported and incurred but not reported, after considering known facts and circumstances, internal factors including our experience with similar losses, historical trends involving claim payment patterns, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs and product mix. In addition, reserve estimates are influenced by external factors including changes in regulation, court decisions, economic conditions and public attitudes. Because reserves are estimates of losses that have occurred, including IBNR losses, the establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, is an inherently uncertain and complex process. The ultimate cost of losses may vary materially from recorded reserves and such variance may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
Predicting claim expense relating to asbestos and other environmental and discontinued lines is inherently uncertain
The process of estimating asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines liabilities is complicated by complex legal issues concerning, among other things, the interpretation of various insurance policy provisions and whether those losses are, or were ever intended to be, covered; the ability of policyholders to file claims or add claimants to active claims; and whether losses could be recoverable through retrospectively determined premium, reinsurance or other contractual agreements. Asbestos-related bankruptcies and other asbestos litigations are complex, lengthy proceedings that involve substantial uncertainty for insurers. While we believe that improved actuarial techniques and databases have assisted in estimating asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines net loss reserves, these refinements may subsequently prove to be inadequate indicators of the extent of probable loss. Consequently, ultimate net losses from these discontinued lines could materially exceed established loss reserves and expected recoveries, and have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, operating results and financial position.
Regulation limiting rate increases and requiring us to underwrite business and participate in loss sharing arrangements may decrease our profitability
From time to time, political events and positions affect the insurance market, including efforts to suppress rates to a level that may not allow us to reach targeted levels of profitability. Moreover, because Allstate Protection's loss ratio currently compares favorably to that of the industry, state regulatory authorities may resist or delay our efforts to raise rates in the future even if the property and casualty industry generally is not experiencing regulatory resistance to rate increases. Such resistance affects our ability in all product lines to obtain approval for rate changes that may be required to achieve targeted levels of profitability and returns on equity. Additionally, homeowners premium growth rates and retention could be adversely impacted by the need to adjust our business structure, size and underwriting practices in Florida and other markets with significant catastrophe risk exposure.
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In addition to regulating rates, certain states have enacted laws that require a property-liability insurer conducting business in that state to participate in assigned risk plans, reinsurance facilities and joint underwriting associations or require the insurer to offer coverage to all consumers, often restricting an insurer's ability to charge the price it might otherwise charge. In these markets, we may be compelled to underwrite significant amounts of business at lower than desired rates, possibly leading to an unacceptable return on capital. Laws and regulations of many states also limit an insurer's ability to withdraw from one or more lines of insurance in the state, except pursuant to a plan that is approved by the state insurance department. Additionally, certain states require insurers to participate in guaranty funds for impaired or insolvent insurance companies. These funds periodically assess losses against all insurance companies doing business in the state. Our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected by any of these factors.
The potential benefits of implementing Tiered Pricing may not be fully realized
We believe that Tiered Pricing and underwriting (including SRM which, in some situations, considers information that is obtained from credit reports among other factors) has allowed us to be more competitive and operate more profitably. However, because some of our competitors have adopted underwriting criteria and Tiered Pricing models similar to those we use and because other competitors may follow suit, we may lose our competitive advantage. Further, the use of insurance scoring from information that is obtained from credit reports as a factor in underwriting and pricing has at times been challenged by regulators, legislators, litigants and special interest groups in various states. Competitive pressures could also force us to modify our Tiered Pricing model. Furthermore, because we have been using Tiered Pricing only for the last several years, we cannot make assurances that Tiered Pricing models will accurately reflect the level of losses that we will ultimately incur from the mix of new business generated. Moreover, to the extent that competitive pressures limit our ability to attract new customers, our expectation that the amount of business written using Tiered Pricing will increase may not be realized.
Allstate Protection may be adversely affected by the cyclical nature of the property and casualty business
The property and casualty market is cyclical and has experienced periods characterized by relatively high levels of price competition, less restrictive underwriting standards and relatively low premium rates, followed by periods of relatively lower levels of competition, more selective underwriting standards and relatively high premium rates. A downturn in the profitability cycle of the property and casualty business could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Relating to the Allstate Financial Segment
Changes in underwriting and actual experience could materially affect profitability
Our product pricing includes long-term assumptions regarding investment returns, mortality, morbidity, persistency and operating costs and expenses of the business. Management establishes target returns for each product based upon these factors and the average amount of regulatory and rating agency capital that the company must hold to support in-force contracts. We monitor and manage our pricing and overall sales mix to achieve target returns on a portfolio basis. Profitability from new business emerges over a period of years depending on the nature and life of the product and is subject to variability as actual results may differ from pricing assumptions.
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Our profitability in this segment depends on the adequacy of investment margins, the management of market and credit risks associated with investments, our ability to maintain premiums and contract charges at a level adequate to cover mortality and morbidity benefits, the adequacy of contract charges on variable contracts to cover the costs of various product features, the persistency of policies to ensure recovery of acquisition expenses, and the management of operating costs and expenses within anticipated pricing allowances. Legislation and regulation of the insurance marketplace and products could also affect our profitability.
Changes in reserve estimates may reduce profitability
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits is computed on the basis of long-term actuarial assumptions of future investment yields, mortality, morbidity, policy terminations and expenses. We periodically review the adequacy of these reserves on an aggregate basis and if future experience differs significantly from assumptions, adjustments to reserves may be required which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Changes in market interest rates may lead to a significant decrease in the sales and profitability of spread-based products
Our ability to manage the Allstate Financial investment margin for spread-based products is dependent upon maintaining profitable spreads between investment yields and interest crediting rates. As interest rates decrease or remain at low levels, proceeds from investments that have matured, prepaid or sold may be reinvested at lower yields, reducing investment margin. Lowering interest crediting rates can offset decreases in investment margin on some products. However, these changes could be limited by market conditions, regulatory or contractual minimum rate guarantees on many contracts and may not match the timing or magnitude of changes in asset yields. Decreases in the rates offered on products in the financial segment could make those products less attractive, leading to lower sales and/or changes in the level of surrenders and withdrawals for these products. Increases in market interest rates can also have negative effects on Allstate Financial, for example by increasing the attractiveness of other investments, which can lead to higher surrenders at a time when the segment's investment asset values are lower as a result of the increase in interest rates. For certain products, principally fixed annuity and interest sensitive life products, the earned rate on assets could lag behind market yields. We may react to market conditions by increasing crediting rates, which could narrow spreads. Unanticipated surrenders could result in DAC unlocking or affect the recoverability of DAC and thereby increase expenses and reduce profitability.
Declining equity markets may reduce both sales of products and income from contract charges and may adversely affect operating results and financial condition
Conditions in the United States and international stock markets affect the sale and profitability of Allstate Financial's variable annuities. In general, sales of variable annuities decrease when stock markets are declining over an extended period of time. The effect of decreasing separate accounts balances resulting from volatile equity markets, lower underlying fund performance or declining consumer confidence could cause contract charges earned to decrease. In addition, it is possible that the assumptions and projections we use to establish prices for GMDB, GMIB, GMAB and GMWB products, particularly assumptions and projections about investment performance, do not accurately reflect the level of costs that we will ultimately incur in providing those benefits, resulting in adverse margin trends. These factors may result in accelerated DAC amortization and require increases in reserves, which would reduce statutory capital and surplus and/or Allstate Financial's net income. Poor fund performance could also
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result in higher partial withdrawals of account value which, for some contracts, do not reduce the GMDB by a proportional amount.
Changes in estimates of profitability on interest-sensitive and variable products may have an adverse effect on results through increased amortization of DAC
DAC related to interest-sensitive life, variable life and annuity and investment contracts is amortized in proportion to EGP over the estimated lives of the contracts. Assumptions underlying EGP, including those relating to margins from mortality, investment margin, contract administration, surrender and other contract charges, are updated from time to time in order to reflect actual and expected experience and its potential effect on the valuation of DAC. Updates to these assumptions could result in DAC unlocking, which in turn could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
A loss of key product distribution relationships could materially affect sales
Certain products in the Allstate Financial segment are distributed under agreements with other members of the financial services industry that are not affiliated with us. Termination of one or more of these agreements due to, for example, a change in control of one of these distributors, could have a detrimental effect on the sales of Allstate Financial.
Changes in tax laws may decrease sales and profitability of products
Under current federal and state income tax law, certain products (primarily life insurance and annuities) we offer receive favorable tax treatment. This favorable treatment may give certain of our products a competitive advantage over noninsurance products. Congress from time to time considers legislation that would reduce or eliminate the favorable policyholder tax treatment currently applicable to life insurance and annuities. Congress also considers proposals to reduce the taxation of certain products or investments that may compete with life insurance and annuities. Legislation that increases the taxation on insurance products or reduces the taxation on competing products could lessen the advantage of certain of our products as compared to competing products. Such proposals, if adopted, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or ability to sell such products and could result in the surrender of some existing contracts and policies. In addition, changes in the federal estate tax laws have negatively affected the demand for the types of life insurance used in estate planning.
Risks Relating to the Insurance Industry
Our future results are dependent in part on our ability to successfully operate in an insurance industry that is highly competitive
The insurance industry is highly competitive. Our competitors include other insurers and, because many of our products include a savings or investment component, securities firms, investment advisers, mutual funds, banks and other financial institutions. Many of our competitors have well-established national reputations and market similar insurance products. Because of the competitive nature of the insurance industry, including competition for producers such as exclusive and independent agents, there can be no assurance that we will continue to effectively compete with our industry rivals, or that competitive pressure will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. The ability of banks to affiliate with insurers may have a material adverse effect on all of our product lines by substantially increasing the number, size and financial strength of potential competitors. Furthermore, certain competitors operate using a mutual insurance company structure and therefore, may have dissimilar profitability and return targets.
106
We are subject to market risk and so changing interest rates and declines in credit quality may have adverse effects
Because we have large investment portfolios, we are subject to market risk, the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in equity, interest, commodity or foreign currency exchange rates and prices. Our primary market risk exposures are to changes in interest rates and equity prices and, to a lesser degree, changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For additional information on market risk, see the "Market Risk" section of MD&A.
A decline in market interest rates could have an adverse effect on our investment income as we invest cash in new investments that may yield less than the portfolio's average rate. In a declining interest rate environment, borrowers may prepay or redeem securities we hold more quickly than expected as they seek to refinance at lower rates. A decline could also cause the purchase of longer-term assets in order to obtain adequate investment yields resulting in a duration gap when compared to the duration of liabilities. An increase in market interest rates could have an adverse effect on the value of our investment portfolio, for example, by decreasing the fair values of the fixed income securities that comprise a substantial majority of our investment portfolio. Increases in interest rates also may lead to an increase in policy loans, surrenders and withdrawals that generally would be funded at a time when fair values of fixed income securities are lower. A decline in the quality of our investment portfolio as a result of adverse economic conditions or otherwise could cause additional realized losses on securities, including realized losses relating to derivative strategies not adequately addressing portfolio risks. A declining market could also cause the investments in our pension plans to decrease below the accumulated benefit obligation, resulting in additional pension liability and expense and increasing required contributions to the pension plans.
Concentration of our investment portfolios in any particular segment of the economy may have adverse effects
The concentration of our investment portfolios in any particular industry, group of related industries or geographic sector could have an adverse effect on our investment portfolios and consequently on our results of operations and financial position. Events or developments that have a negative impact on any particular industry, group of related industries or geographic sector may have a greater adverse effect on the investment portfolios to the extent that the portfolios are concentrated rather than diversified.
We may suffer losses from litigation
As is typical for a large company, we are involved in a substantial amount of litigation, including class action litigation challenging a range of company practices. Our litigation exposure could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition in a future period in the event of an unexpected adverse outcome or if additional reserves are required to be established for such litigation. For a description of our current legal proceedings, see Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements.
We are subject to extensive regulation and potential further restrictive regulation may increase our operating costs and limit our growth
As insurance companies, broker-dealers, investment advisers and/or investment companies, many of our subsidiaries are subject to extensive laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are complex and subject to change. Moreover, they are administered and enforced by a number of different governmental authorities, including state insurance regulators, state securities administrators, the SEC, the National Association of Securities Dealers, the U.S. Department of Justice, and state attorneys general, each of which exercises a degree of interpretive latitude. Consequently, we are subject to the risk that
107
compliance with any particular regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of a legal issue may not result in compliance with another regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of the same issue, particularly when compliance is judged in hindsight. In addition, there is risk that any particular regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of a legal issue may change over time to our detriment, or that changes in the overall legal environment may, even absent any particular regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of a legal issue changing, cause us to change our views regarding the actions we need to take from a legal risk management perspective, thus necessitating changes to our practices that may, in some cases, limit our ability to grow and improve the profitability of our business. Furthermore, in some cases, these laws and regulations are designed to protect the interests of a specific constituency rather than a range of constituencies. For example, state insurance laws and regulations are generally intended to protect purchasers or users of insurance products, not holders of securities issued by The Allstate Corporation. In many respects, these laws and regulations limit our ability to grow and improve the profitability of our business.
In recent years, the state insurance regulatory framework has come under public scrutiny and members of Congress have discussed proposals to provide for optional federal chartering of insurance companies. We can make no assurances regarding the potential impact of state or federal measures that may change the nature or scope of insurance regulation.
Reinsurance may be unavailable at historical levels and prices which may limit our ability to write new business
Market conditions beyond our control determine the availability and cost of the reinsurance we purchase. No assurances can be made that reinsurance will remain continuously available to us to the same extent and on the same terms and rates as are currently available. If we were unable to maintain our current level of reinsurance or purchase new reinsurance protection in amounts that we consider sufficient and at prices that we consider acceptable, we would have to either accept an increase in our net liability exposure, reduce our insurance writings, or develop or seek other alternatives.
Reinsurance subjects us to the credit risk of our reinsurers and may not be adequate to protect us against losses arising from ceded insurance
The collectibility of reinsurance recoverables is subject to uncertainty arising from a number of factors, including whether insured losses meet the qualifying conditions of the reinsurance contract and whether reinsurers, or their affiliates, have the financial capacity and willingness to make payments under the terms of a reinsurance treaty or contract. Our inability to collect a material recovery from a reinsurer could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
The continued threat of terrorism and ongoing military actions may adversely affect the level of claim losses we incur and the value of our investment portfolio
The continued threat of terrorism, both within the United States and abroad, and ongoing military and other actions and heightened security measures in response to these types of threats, may cause significant volatility and declines in the equity markets and with interest rates in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, and result in loss of life, property damage, additional disruptions to commerce and reduced economic activity. Some of the assets in our investment portfolio may be adversely affected by declines in the equity markets and reduced economic activity caused by the continued threat of terrorism. We seek to mitigate the potential impact of terrorism on our commercial mortgage portfolio by limiting geographical concentrations in key metropolitan areas and by requiring terrorism insurance to the extent
108
that it is commercially available. Additionally, in the event that a terrorist act occurs, both Allstate Protection and Allstate Financial may be adversely affected, depending on the nature of the event.
Any decrease in our financial strength ratings may have an adverse effect on our competitive position
Financial strength ratings are important factors in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies and generally have an effect on an insurance company's business. On an ongoing basis, rating agencies review the financial performance and condition of insurers and could downgrade or change the outlook on an insurer's ratings due to, for example, a change in an insurer's statutory capital; a change in a rating agency's determination of the amount of risk-adjusted capital required to maintain a particular rating; an increase in the perceived risk of an insurer's investment portfolio; a reduced confidence in management or a host of other considerations that may or may not be under the insurer's control. The insurance financial strength ratings of both AIC and ALIC are A+, AA and Aa2 (from A.M. Best, Standard & Poor's and Moody's, respectively). Several other affiliates have been assigned their own financial strength ratings by one or more rating agencies. Because all of these ratings are subject to continuous review, the retention of these ratings cannot be assured. A multiple level downgrade in any of these ratings could have a material adverse effect on our sales, our competitiveness, and the marketability of our product offerings impacting our liquidity, operating results and financial condition.
Changes in accounting standards issued by the FASB or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our financial statements
Our financial statements are subject to the application of GAAP, which is periodically revised and/or expanded. Accordingly, we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards from time to time issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the FASB. It is possible that future changes we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material adverse effect on our results and financial condition. For a description of potential changes in accounting standards that could affect us currently, see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements.
The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends may affect our liquidity and ability to meet our debt service obligations
The Allstate Corporation is a holding company with no significant operations. The principal asset is the stock of its subsidiaries. State insurance regulatory authorities limit the payment of dividends by insurance subsidiaries, as described in Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements. In addition, competitive pressures generally require the subsidiaries to maintain insurance financial strength ratings. These restrictions and other regulatory requirements affect the ability of the subsidiaries to make dividend payments. Limits on the ability of the subsidiaries to pay dividends could adversely affect our liquidity, including our ability to pay dividends to shareholders and service our debt.
The occurrence of events unanticipated in our disaster recovery systems and management continuity planning could impair our ability to conduct business effectively
In the event of a disaster such as a natural catastrophe, an industrial accident, a terrorist attack or war, events unanticipated in our disaster recovery systems could have an adverse impact on our ability to conduct business and on our results of operations and financial condition, particularly if those events affect our computer-based data processing, transmission, storage and retrieval systems. In the event that a significant number of our managers could be unavailable in the event of a disaster, our ability to effectively conduct our business could be severely compromised.
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information required for Item 7A is incorporated by reference to the material under the caption "Market Risk" in Part II, Item 7 of this report.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Consolidated Statements of Operations | 111 | |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 112 | |
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position | 113 | |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity | 114 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 115 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Notes) |
116 |
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
186 |
110
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions except per share data) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||
Property-liability insurance premiums (net of reinsurance ceded of $399, $298, and $337) | $ | 25,989 | $ | 24,677 | $ | 23,361 | ||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges (net of reinsurance ceded of $608, $485, and $481) | 2,072 | 2,304 | 2,293 | |||||||
Net investment income | 5,284 | 4,972 | 4,849 | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | 591 | 196 | (924 | ) | ||||||
33,936 | 32,149 | 29,579 | ||||||||
Costs and expenses | ||||||||||
Property-liability insurance claims and claims expense (net of reinsurance recoveries of $1,599, $455, and $345) | 17,843 | 17,432 | 17,657 | |||||||
Life and annuity contract benefits (net of reinsurance recoveries of $483, $366, and $428) | 1,618 | 1,851 | 1,770 | |||||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds | 2,001 | 1,846 | 1,764 | |||||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | 4,465 | 4,058 | 3,694 | |||||||
Operating costs and expenses | 3,040 | 3,001 | 2,761 | |||||||
Restructuring and related charges | 51 | 74 | 119 | |||||||
Interest expense | 308 | 275 | 278 | |||||||
29,326 | 28,537 | 28,043 | ||||||||
(Loss) gain on disposition of operations | (24 | ) | (41 | ) | 4 | |||||
Income from operations before income tax expense, dividends on preferred securities, and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 4,586 | 3,571 | 1,540 | |||||||
Income tax expense |
1,230 |
846 |
65 |
|||||||
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 3,356 | 2,725 | 1,475 | |||||||
Dividends on preferred securities of subsidiary trusts |
|
(5 |
) |
(10 |
) |
|||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax |
(175 |
) |
(15 |
) |
(331 |
) |
||||
Net income | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | ||||
Earnings per share: | ||||||||||
Net income per sharebasic | $ | 4.57 | $ | 3.85 | $ | 1.60 | ||||
Net income per sharediluted | $ | 4.54 | $ | 3.83 | $ | 1.60 | ||||
Weighted average sharesbasic | 695.6 | 703.5 | 707.1 | |||||||
Weighted average sharesdiluted | 700.3 | 706.2 | 709.9 | |||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
111
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
Net income | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | |||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income, after-tax |
|||||||||||
Changes in: |
|||||||||||
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |
(137 |
) |
523 |
813 |
|||||||
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |
26 |
39 |
(6 |
) |
|||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
(30 |
) |
461 |
(737 |
) |
||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income, after-tax |
(141 |
) |
1,023 |
70 |
|||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ |
3,040 |
$ |
3,728 |
$ |
1,204 |
|||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
112
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
|
December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions except par value data) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Assets | |||||||||
Investments | |||||||||
Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost $90,657 and $82,607) | $ | 95,715 | $ | 87,741 | |||||
Equity securities, at fair value (cost $4,566 and $4,028) | 5,895 | 5,288 | |||||||
Mortgage loans | 7,856 | 6,539 | |||||||
Short-term | 4,133 | 1,815 | |||||||
Other | 1,931 | 1,698 | |||||||
Total investments | 115,530 | 103,081 | |||||||
Cash |
414 |
366 |
|||||||
Premium installment receivables, net | 4,721 | 4,386 | |||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | 4,968 | 4,842 | |||||||
Reinsurance recoverables, net | 4,323 | 3,121 | |||||||
Accrued investment income | 1,014 | 1,068 | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 1,018 | 1,046 | |||||||
Goodwill | 825 | 929 | |||||||
Other assets | 2,535 | 1,878 | |||||||
Separate Accounts | 14,377 | 13,425 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 149,725 | $ | 134,142 | |||||
Liabilities |
|||||||||
Reserve for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense | $ | 19,338 | $ | 17,714 | |||||
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits | 11,754 | 11,020 | |||||||
Contractholder funds | 55,709 | 47,071 | |||||||
Unearned premiums | 9,932 | 9,187 | |||||||
Claim payments outstanding | 787 | 698 | |||||||
Other liabilities and accrued expenses | 9,842 | 8,283 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | 829 | 1,103 | |||||||
Short-term debt | 43 | 3 | |||||||
Long-term debt | 5,291 | 5,073 | |||||||
Separate Accounts | 14,377 | 13,425 | |||||||
Total liabilities | 127,902 | 113,577 | |||||||
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Notes 6 and 13) |
|||||||||
Shareholders' Equity |
|||||||||
Preferred stock, $1 par value, 25 million shares authorized, none issued | | | |||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 2.0 billion shares authorized and 900 million issued, 683 million and 704 million shares outstanding | 9 | 9 | |||||||
Additional capital paid-in | 2,685 | 2,614 | |||||||
Retained income | 24,043 | 21,641 | |||||||
Deferred compensation expense | (157 | ) | (194 | ) | |||||
Treasury stock, at cost (217 million and 196 million shares) | (7,372 | ) | (6,261 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income: |
|||||||||
Unrealized net capital gains and losses | 2,988 | 3,125 | |||||||
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments | 16 | (10 | ) | ||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment | (389 | ) | (359 | ) | |||||
Total accumulated other comprehensive income | 2,615 | 2,756 | |||||||
Total shareholders' equity | 21,823 | 20,565 | |||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 149,725 | $ | 134,142 | |||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
113
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions except per share data) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
Common stock | $ | 9 | $ | 9 | $ | 9 | |||||
Additional capital paid-in |
|||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | 2,614 | 2,599 | 2,599 | ||||||||
Redemption of shareholder rights | | (7 | ) | | |||||||
Equity incentive plans activity | 71 | 22 | | ||||||||
Balance, end of year | 2,685 | 2,614 | 2,599 | ||||||||
Retained income |
|||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | 21,641 | 19,584 | 19,044 | ||||||||
Net income | 3,181 | 2,705 | 1,134 | ||||||||
Dividends ($1.12, $.92 and $.84 per share, respectively) | (779 | ) | (648 | ) | (594 | ) | |||||
Balance, end of year | 24,043 | 21,641 | 19,584 | ||||||||
Deferred compensation expense |
|||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | (194 | ) | (178 | ) | (193 | ) | |||||
Restricted stock activity, net | (22 | ) | (104 | ) | (27 | ) | |||||
Amortization and reductions | 59 | 88 | 42 | ||||||||
Balance, end of year | (157 | ) | (194 | ) | (178 | ) | |||||
Treasury stock |
|||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | (6,261 | ) | (6,309 | ) | (5,926 | ) | |||||
Shares acquired | (1,373 | ) | (153 | ) | (446 | ) | |||||
Shares reissued under equity incentive plans, net | 262 | 201 | 63 | ||||||||
Balance, end of year | (7,372 | ) | (6,261 | ) | (6,309 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|||||||||||
Balance, beginning of year | 2,756 | 1,733 | 1,663 | ||||||||
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses | (137 | ) | 523 | 813 | |||||||
Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments | 26 | 39 | (6 | ) | |||||||
Change in minimum pension liability adjustment | (30 | ) | 461 | (737 | ) | ||||||
Balance, end of year | 2,615 | 2,756 | 1,733 | ||||||||
Total shareholders' equity |
$ |
21,823 |
$ |
20,565 |
$ |
17,438 |
|||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
114
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | ||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation, amortization and other non-cash items | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | (62 | ) | ||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | (591 | ) | (196 | ) | 924 | |||||||||
Loss (gain) on disposition of operations | 24 | 41 | (4 | ) | ||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle | 175 | 15 | 331 | |||||||||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds | 2,001 | 1,846 | 1,764 | |||||||||||
Changes in: | ||||||||||||||
Policy benefit and other insurance reserves | 1,680 | 1,127 | 331 | |||||||||||
Unearned premiums | 614 | 546 | 617 | |||||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | (443 | ) | (414 | ) | (309 | ) | ||||||||
Premium installment receivables | (345 | ) | (284 | ) | (99 | ) | ||||||||
Reinsurance recoverables | (1,052 | ) | (227 | ) | (190 | ) | ||||||||
Income taxes payable | 11 | 582 | 66 | |||||||||||
Other operating assets and liabilities | 217 | (47 | ) | (85 | ) | |||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 5,468 | 5,691 | 4,418 | |||||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities |
||||||||||||||
Proceeds from sales | ||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities | 19,839 | 20,298 | 17,700 | |||||||||||
Equity securities | 4,580 | 2,700 | 3,892 | |||||||||||
Investment collections | ||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities | 5,904 | 6,652 | 5,447 | |||||||||||
Mortgage loans | 772 | 733 | 603 | |||||||||||
Investment purchases | ||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities | (33,720 | ) | (35,627 | ) | (31,553 | ) | ||||||||
Equity securities | (4,659 | ) | (3,351 | ) | (3,138 | ) | ||||||||
Mortgage loans | (2,106 | ) | (1,175 | ) | (927 | ) | ||||||||
Change in short-term investments, net | (1,098 | ) | 419 | (440 | ) | |||||||||
Change in other investments, net | (35 | ) | 56 | (348 | ) | |||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment, net | (200 | ) | (169 | ) | (239 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (10,723 | ) | (9,464 | ) | (9,003 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities |
||||||||||||||
Change in short-term debt, net | 40 | (276 | ) | 52 | ||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 647 | 410 | 599 | |||||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt | (19 | ) | (332 | ) | (338 | ) | ||||||||
Contractholder fund deposits | 13,616 | 10,373 | 9,484 | |||||||||||
Contractholder fund withdrawals | (7,088 | ) | (5,794 | ) | (4,036 | ) | ||||||||
Dividends paid | (756 | ) | (633 | ) | (582 | ) | ||||||||
Treasury stock purchases | (1,373 | ) | (153 | ) | (446 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 236 | 82 | 51 | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 5,303 | 3,677 | 4,784 | |||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash |
48 |
(96 |
) |
199 |
||||||||||
Cash at beginning of year | 366 | 462 | 263 | |||||||||||
Cash at end of year | $ | 414 | $ | 366 | $ | 462 | ||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
115
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. General
Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Allstate Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries, primarily Allstate Insurance Company ("AIC"), a property-liability insurance company with various property-liability and life and investment subsidiaries, including Allstate Life Insurance Company ("ALIC") (collectively referred to as the "Company" or "Allstate"). These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
To conform to the 2004 presentation, certain amounts in the prior years' consolidated financial statements and notes have been reclassified.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Nature of operations
Allstate is engaged, principally in the United States, in the property-liability insurance, life insurance, retirement and investment product business. Allstate's primary business is the sale of private passenger auto and homeowner's insurance. The Company also sells several other personal property and casualty insurance products, life insurance, annuities, funding agreements, and select commercial property and casualty coverages. Allstate primarily distributes its products through exclusive agencies and financial specialists and independent agencies.
The Allstate Protection segment principally sells private passenger auto and homeowner's insurance, with earned premiums accounting for approximately 77% of Allstate's 2004 consolidated revenues. Allstate was the country's second largest insurer for both private passenger auto and homeowners insurance in 2004. Allstate Protection, through several companies, is authorized to sell certain property-liability products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The Company is also authorized to sell certain insurance products in Canada. For 2004, the top geographic locations for premiums earned by the Allstate Protection segment were Texas, California, New York and Florida. No other jurisdiction accounted for more than 5% of premiums earned for Allstate Protection.
Allstate has exposure to catastrophes, an inherent risk of the property-liability insurance business, which have contributed to, and will continue to contribute to, material year-to-year fluctuations in the Company's results of operations and financial position (see Note 7). The Company also has exposure to environmental and asbestos claims and other discontinued lines exposures (see Note 13).
The Allstate Financial segment sells life insurance, retirement and investment products to individual and institutional customers through several distribution channels. The principal individual products are deferred and immediate fixed annuities, variable annuities, interest-sensitive and traditional life insurance, and supplemental accident and health insurance. The principal institutional product is funding agreements backing medium-term notes.
Allstate Financial, through several companies, is authorized to sell life insurance and retirement products in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam. For 2004, the top geographic locations for statutory premiums and annuity considerations for the Allstate Financial segment were Delaware, New York, California and Florida. No other jurisdiction accounted for more than 5% of statutory premiums and annuity considerations for Allstate Financial. Allstate Financial distributes its products to individuals through multiple intermediary distribution channels, including
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Allstate Exclusive Agencies, independent agents, banks, broker-dealers, and specialized structured settlement brokers. Allstate Financial has distribution relationships with over half of the 75 largest banks, most of the national broker-dealers, a number of regional brokerage firms and many independent broker-dealers. Allstate Financial sells products through independent agents affiliated with master brokerage agencies. Independent workplace enrolling agents and Allstate Exclusive Agencies also sell Allstate Financial's supplemental accident and health insurance products to employees of small and medium size firms. Allstate Financial sells funding agreements to unaffiliated trusts used to back medium-term notes issued to institutional and individual investors. Banking products and services are sold through the Allstate Bank. Although the Company currently benefits from agreements with financial services entities that market and distribute its products, change in control of these non-affiliated entities could negatively impact Allstate Financial's sales.
The Company monitors economic and regulatory developments that have the potential to impact its business. The ability of banks to affiliate with insurers may have a material adverse effect on all of the Company's product lines by substantially increasing the number, size and financial strength of potential competitors. Furthermore, federal and state laws and regulations affect the taxation of insurance companies and life insurance and annuity products. Congress and various state legislatures have considered proposals that, if enacted, could impose a greater tax burden on the Company or could have an adverse impact on the tax treatment of some insurance products offered by the Company, including favorable policyholder tax treatment currently applicable to life insurance and annuities. Legislation that reduced the federal income tax rates applicable to certain dividends and capital gains realized by individuals, or other proposals, if adopted, that reduce the taxation, or permit the establishment, of certain products or investments that may compete with life insurance or annuities could have an adverse effect on the Company's financial position or ability to sell such products and could result in the surrender of some existing contracts and policies. In addition, changes in the federal estate tax laws have negatively affected the demand for the types of life insurance used in estate planning.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Investments
Fixed income securities include bonds, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and redeemable preferred stocks. Fixed income securities are carried at fair value and may be sold prior to their contractual maturity ("available for sale"). The fair value of publicly traded fixed income securities is based upon independent market quotations. The fair value of non-publicly traded securities is based on either widely accepted pricing valuation models which use internally developed ratings and independent third party data (e.g., term structures and current publicly traded bond prices) as inputs or independent third party pricing sources. The valuation models use indicative information such as ratings, industry, coupon, and maturity along with related third party data and publicly traded bond prices to determine security specific spreads. These spreads are then adjusted for illiquidity based on historical analysis and broker surveys. Periodic changes in fair values, net of deferred income taxes, certain life and annuity deferred policy acquisition costs, certain deferred sales inducement costs, and certain reserves for life-contingent contract benefits, are reflected as a component of other comprehensive income. Cash received from calls, principal payments and make-whole payments is reflected as a component of proceeds from sales. Cash received from maturities and pay-downs is reflected as a component of investment collections.
Equity securities include common and non-redeemable preferred stocks, real estate investment trust equity investments, and limited partnership interests. Common and non-redeemable preferred stocks and real estate investment trust equity investments are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair
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value. The difference between cost and fair value, net of deferred income taxes, is reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Investments in limited partnership interests are accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting except for instances in which the Company's interest is so minor that it exercises virtually no influence over operating and financial policies, in which case, the Company applies the cost method of accounting.
Mortgage loans are carried at outstanding principal balances, net of unamortized premium or discount and valuation allowances. Valuation allowances are established for impaired loans when it is probable that contractual principal and interest will not be collected. Valuation allowances for impaired loans reduce the carrying value to the fair value of the collateral or the present value of the loan's expected future repayment cash flows discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate.
Short-term investments are carried at cost or amortized cost that approximates fair value, and include the reinvestment of collateral received in connection with certain securities included in repurchase, resale and lending activities and collateral posted by counterparties in derivative transactions. For these transactions, the Company records an offsetting liability in other liabilities and accrued expenses for the Company's obligation to repay the collateral. Other investments, which consist primarily of policy loans, are carried at the unpaid principal balances.
Investment income consists primarily of interest and dividends, net investment income from partnership interests and income from certain derivative transactions. Interest is recognized on an accrual basis and dividends are recorded at the ex-dividend date. Interest income on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities is determined using the effective yield method, based on estimated principal repayments. Interest income on certain beneficial interests in securitized financial assets is determined using the prospective yield method, based upon projections of expected future cash flows. Income from investments in partnership interests, accounted for on the cost basis, is recognized upon receipt of amounts distributed by the partnerships as income. Accrual of income is suspended for fixed income securities and mortgage loans that are in default or when the receipt of interest payments is in doubt.
Realized capital gains and losses include gains and losses on investment dispositions, write-downs in value due to other than temporary declines in fair value and changes in the fair value of certain derivatives including related periodic and final settlements. Realized capital gains and losses on investment dispositions are determined on a specific identification basis.
The Company writes down, to fair value, fixed income and equity securities that are classified as other than temporarily impaired in the period the security is deemed to be other than temporarily impaired (see Note 5).
Derivative and embedded derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments include swaps, futures, options, interest rate caps and floors, warrants, certain forward contracts for purchases of to-be-announced ("TBA") mortgage securities, certain investment risk transfer reinsurance agreements, forward sale commitments and certain bond forward purchase commitments, mortgage funding commitments and mortgage forward sale commitments. Derivatives that are required to be separated from the host instrument and accounted for as derivative financial instruments ("subject to bifurcation") are embedded in convertible and other fixed income securities, equity-indexed life and annuity contracts, certain variable life and annuity contracts and trust preferred securities issued (see Note 6).
All derivatives are accounted for on a fair value basis and reported as other investments, other assets, other liabilities and accrued expenses or contractholder funds. Embedded derivative instruments subject to bifurcation are also accounted for on a fair value basis and are reported together with the host contract. The change in the fair value of derivatives embedded in assets and subject to bifurcation is
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reported in realized capital gains and losses. The change in the fair value of derivatives embedded in liabilities and subject to bifurcation is reported in life and annuity contract benefits or realized capital gains and losses.
When derivatives meet specific criteria, they may be designated as accounting hedges and accounted for as fair value, cash flow, foreign currency fair value or foreign currency cash flow hedges. The hedged item may be either all or a specific portion of a recognized asset, liability or an unrecognized firm commitment attributable to a particular risk. At the inception of the hedge, the Company formally documents the hedging relationship and risk management objective and strategy. The documentation identifies the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged and the methodology used to assess how effective the hedging instrument is in offsetting the exposure to changes in the hedged item's fair value attributable to the hedged risk, or in the case of a cash flow hedge, the exposure to changes in the hedged item's or transaction's variability in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk. The Company does not exclude any component of the change in fair value of the hedging instrument from the effectiveness assessment. At each reporting date, the Company confirms that the hedging instrument continues to be highly effective in offsetting the hedged risk. Ineffectiveness in fair value hedges and cash flow hedges is reported in realized capital gains and losses. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the hedge ineffectiveness reported as realized capital gains and losses amounted to losses of $1 million, gains of $9 million and losses of $15 million, respectively.
Fair value hedges The Company designates certain of its interest rate and foreign currency swap contracts and certain investment risk transfer reinsurance agreements as fair value hedges when the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged item.
For hedging instruments used in fair value hedges, when the hedged items are investment assets or a portion thereof, the change in the fair value of the derivatives is reported in net investment income, together with the change in the fair value of the hedged items. The change in the fair value of hedging instruments used in fair value hedges of contractholder funds liabilities or a portion thereof are reported in life and annuity contract benefits, together with the change in the fair value of the hedged item. Accrued periodic settlements on swaps are reported together with the changes in fair value of the swaps in net investment income, life and annuity contract benefits or interest expense. The book value of the hedged asset or liability is adjusted for the change in the fair value of the hedged risk.
Cash flow hedges The Company designates certain of its foreign currency swap contracts and bond forward commitments as cash flow hedges when the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting the exposure of variations in cash flows for the hedged risk that could affect net income. The Company's cash flow exposure may be associated with an existing asset, liability, or a forecasted transaction. Anticipated transactions must be probable of occurrence and their significant terms and specific characteristics must be identified.
For hedging instruments used in cash flow hedges, the changes in fair value of the derivatives are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income as unrealized net capital gains and losses. Amounts are reclassified to net investment income or realized capital gains and losses as the hedged transaction affects net income or when the forecasted transaction affects net income. Accrued periodic settlements on derivatives used in cash flow hedges are reported in net investment income. The amount reported in accumulated other comprehensive income for a hedged transaction is limited to the lesser of the cumulative gain or loss on the derivative less the amount reclassified to net income; or the cumulative gain or loss on the derivative needed to offset the cumulative change in the expected future cash flows on the hedged transaction from inception of the hedge less the derivative gain or loss previously
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reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income. If the Company expects at any time that the loss reported in accumulated other comprehensive income would lead to a net loss on the combination of the hedging instrument and the hedged transaction which may not be recoverable, a loss is recognized immediately in realized capital gains and losses. If an impairment loss is recognized on an asset or an additional obligation is incurred on a liability involved in a hedge transaction, any offsetting gain in accumulated other comprehensive income is reclassified and reported together with the impairment loss or recognition of the obligation.
Termination of hedge accounting If, subsequent to entering into a hedge transaction, the derivative becomes ineffective (including if the hedged item is sold or otherwise extinguished, the occurrence of a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable, or the hedged asset becomes impaired), the Company may terminate the derivative position. The Company may also terminate derivative instruments or redesignate them as non-hedge as a result of other events or circumstances. If the derivative financial instrument is not terminated when a fair value hedge is no longer effective, the future gains and losses recognized on the derivative are reported in realized capital gains and losses. When a fair value hedge is no longer effective, is redesignated as a non-hedge, or when the derivative has been terminated, the gain or loss recognized on the item being hedged and used to adjust the book value of the asset, liability or portion thereof is amortized over the remaining life of the hedged item to net investment income or life and annuity contract benefits, beginning in the period that hedge accounting is no longer applied. If the hedged item of a fair value hedge is an asset, which has become impaired, the adjustment made to the book value of the asset is subject to the accounting policies applied to impaired assets. When a derivative financial instrument used in a cash flow hedge of an existing asset or liability is no longer effective or is terminated, the gain or loss recognized on the derivative is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as the hedged risk impacts net income, beginning in the period hedge accounting is no longer applied or the derivative instrument is terminated. If the derivative financial instrument is not terminated when a cash flow hedge is no longer effective, the future gains and losses recognized on the derivative are reported in realized capital gains and losses. When a derivative financial instrument used in a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction is terminated because the forecasted transaction is no longer probable the gain or loss recognized on the derivative is immediately reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to realized capital gains and losses in the period that hedge accounting is no longer applied. If the cash flow hedge is no longer effective, the gain or loss recognized on the derivative is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as the remaining hedged item affects net income.
Non-hedge derivative financial instruments The Company also has certain derivatives that are used in interest rate, equity price and credit risk management strategies for which hedge accounting is not applied. These derivatives primarily consist of indexed instruments, certain interest rate swap agreements and financial futures contracts, interest rate cap and floor agreements, certain forward contracts for TBA mortgage securities and credit default swaps. Based upon the type of derivative instrument and strategy, the income statement effects of these derivatives are reported in a single line item, with the results of the associated risk. Therefore, the derivatives' fair value gains and losses and accrued periodic settlements are recognized together in one of the following during the reporting period: net investment income, realized capital gains and losses, operating costs and expenses or life and annuity contract benefits.
The Company also uses derivatives to replicate returns of fixed income securities that are either unavailable or more expensive in the cash market. These replicated securities are comprised of a credit default swap and a highly rated fixed income security that when combined replicate a third security. Premiums on credit default swaps over the life of the contract and changes in fair value are recorded in realized capital gains and losses.
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Security repurchase and resale and securities loaned
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, including a mortgage dollar roll program, are treated as financing arrangements and the related obligations to return the collateral are carried at the amounts at which the securities will be subsequently resold or reacquired, including accrued interest, as specified in the respective agreements. The Company's policy is to take possession or control of securities purchased under agreements to resell. Assets to be repurchased are the same, or substantially the same, as the assets transferred and the transferor, through the right of substitution, maintains the right and ability to redeem the collateral on short notice. The market value of securities to be repurchased or resold is monitored, and additional collateral is obtained, where appropriate, to protect against credit exposure.
Securities loaned are treated as financing arrangements and the collateral received is recorded in short-term investments, fixed income securities and other liabilities and accrued expenses. The Company obtains collateral in an amount equal to 102% and 105% of the fair value of domestic and foreign securities, respectively. The Company monitors the market value of securities loaned on a daily basis and obtains additional collateral as necessary. Substantially all of the Company's securities loaned are placed with large brokerage firms.
Security repurchase and resale agreements and securities lending transactions are used to generate net investment income. The cash received from repurchase and resale agreements also provides a source of liquidity. These instruments are short-term in nature (usually 30 days or less) and are collateralized principally by Corporate, U.S. Government and mortgage-backed securities. The carrying values of these instruments approximate fair value because of their relatively short-term nature.
Recognition of premium revenues and contract charges, and related benefits and interest credited
Property-liability premiums are deferred and earned on a pro-rata basis over the terms of the policies. The portion of premiums written applicable to the unexpired terms of the policies is recorded as unearned premiums. Premium installment receivables, net, include premiums written and not yet collected. The Company regularly evaluates premium installment receivables and establishes valuation allowances as appropriate. The valuation allowance for uncollectible premium installment receivables was $48 million and $44 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Traditional life insurance products consist principally of products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, primarily term and whole life insurance products. Premiums from these products are recognized as revenue when due. Benefits are recognized in relation to such revenue so as to result in the recognition of profits over the life of the policy and are reflected in life and annuity contract benefits.
Immediate annuities with life contingencies, including certain structured settlement annuities, provide insurance protection over a period that extends beyond the period during which premiums are collected. Premiums from these products are recognized as revenue when due, at the inception of the contract. Benefits and expenses are recognized in relation to such revenue such that profits are recognized over the lives of the contracts.
Interest-sensitive life contracts, such as universal life and single premium life, are insurance contracts whose terms are not fixed and guaranteed. The terms that may be changed include premiums paid by the contractholder, interest credited to the contractholder account balance and any amounts assessed against the contractholder account balance. Premiums from these contracts are reported as contractholder fund deposits. Contract charges consist of fees assessed against the contractholder account balance for cost of insurance (mortality risk), contract administration and early surrender. These revenues are recognized when assessed against the contractholder account balance. Life and annuity contract benefits include life-contingent benefit payments in excess of the contractholder account balance.
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Contracts that do not subject the Company to significant risk arising from mortality or morbidity are referred to as investment contracts. Fixed annuities, including market value adjusted annuities, equity-indexed annuities and immediate annuities without life contingencies, funding agreements (primarily backing medium-term notes) and certain guaranteed investment contracts ("GICs") are considered investment contracts. Deposits received for such contracts are reported as contractholder fund deposits. Contract charges for investment contracts consist of fees assessed against the contractholder account balance for maintenance, administration, and surrender of the contract prior to contractually specified dates, and are recognized when assessed against the contractholder account balance.
Interest credited to contractholder funds represents interest accrued or paid on interest-sensitive life contracts and investment contracts. Crediting rates for certain fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life contracts are adjusted periodically by the Company to reflect current market conditions subject to contractually guaranteed minimum rates. Crediting rates for indexed annuities and indexed funding agreements are based on a specified index, such as LIBOR, or an equity index, such as the S&P 500. Pursuant to the adoption of Statement of Position No. 03-1, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts" ("SOP 03-1") in 2004, interest credited also includes amortization of deferred sales inducement ("DSI") expenses. DSI is amortized into interest credited using the same method used for deferred policy acquisition costs.
Separate account products include variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts. The assets supporting these products are legally segregated and available only to settle separate account contract obligations. Deposits received are reported as separate accounts liabilities. Contract charges for these products consist of fees assessed against the contractholder account values for contract maintenance, administration, mortality, expense and early surrender. Contract benefits incurred include guaranteed minimum death, income and accumulation benefits incurred on variable annuity and life insurance contracts.
Deferred policy acquisition and sales inducement costs
Costs that vary with and are primarily related to acquiring property-liability insurance, life insurance and investment contracts are deferred and recorded as deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC"). These costs are principally agents' and brokers' remuneration, premium taxes, inspection costs, certain underwriting costs and direct mail solicitation expenses. DSI costs related to sales inducements offered on sales to new customers, principally on investment contracts and primarily in the form of additional credits to the customer's account value or enhancements to interest credited for a specified period, which are beyond amounts currently being credited to existing contracts, are deferred and recorded as other assets. All other acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and included in operating costs and expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. DAC associated with property-liability insurance is amortized to income as premiums are earned, and is included in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Future investment income is considered in determining the recoverability of DAC. DAC associated with life insurance and investment contracts is amortized to income and included in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. DSI is amortized to income using the same methodology and assumptions as DAC and is included in interest credited to contractholder funds on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. DAC and DSI associated with life insurance and investment contracts is periodically reviewed for recoverability and written down when necessary.
For traditional life insurance and other premium paying contracts, DAC is amortized in proportion to the estimated revenues on such business. Assumptions used in amortization of DAC and reserve calculations are determined based upon conditions as of the date of policy issue and are generally not revised during the life of the policy. Any deviations from projected business in force, resulting from actual
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policy terminations differing from expected levels, and any estimated premium deficiencies change the rate of amortization in the period such events occur. Generally, the amortization period for these contracts approximates the estimated lives of the policies.
For internal exchanges of traditional life insurance, the unamortized balance of costs previously deferred under the original contracts are charged to income. The new costs associated with the exchange are deferred and amortized to income.
For interest-sensitive life, variable annuities and investment contracts, DAC and DSI are amortized in proportion to the incidence of the present value of estimated gross profits ("EGP") on such business over the estimated lives of the contracts. Generally, the amortization period ranges from 15-30 years; however, estimates of customer surrender rates result in the majority of deferred costs being amortized over the surrender charge period. The rate of amortization during this term is matched to the pattern of EGP. EGP consists of estimates of the following components: benefit margins, primarily from mortality, including guaranteed minimum death, income, and accumulation benefits; investment margin including realized capital gains and losses; and contract administration, surrender and other contract charges, less maintenance expenses.
DAC and DSI amortization for variable annuity and life contracts is estimated using stochastic modeling and is significantly impacted by the return on the underlying funds. The Company's long-term expectation of separate accounts fund performance net of fees was approximately 8%. Whenever actual separate accounts fund performance based on the two most recent years varies from the 8% expectation, the Company projects performance levels over the next five years such that the mean return over that seven year period equals the long-term 8% expectation. This approach is commonly referred to as "reversion to the mean" and is commonly used by the life insurance industry as an appropriate method for amortizing variable annuity and life DAC and DSI. In applying the reversion to the mean process, the Company does not allow the future mean rates of return after fees projected over the five-year period to exceed 12.75% or fall below 0%. The Company periodically evaluates the results of utilization of this process to confirm that it is reasonably possible that variable annuity and life fund performance will revert to the expected long-term mean within this time horizon.
Changes in the amount or timing of EGP result in adjustments to the cumulative amortization of DAC and DSI. All such adjustments are reflected in the current results of operations.
The Company performs quarterly reviews of DAC and DSI recoverability for interest-sensitive life, variable annuities and investment contracts in the aggregate using current assumptions. If a change in the amount of EGP is significant, it could result in the unamortized DAC and DSI not being recoverable, resulting in a charge which is included as a component of amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs or interest credited to contractholder funds, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The cost assigned to the right to receive future cash flows from certain business purchased from other insurers is also classified as deferred policy acquisition costs in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The costs capitalized represent the present value of future profits expected to be earned over the life of the contracts acquired. These costs are amortized as profits emerge over the life of the acquired business and are periodically evaluated for recoverability. Present value of future profits was $175 million and $182 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Amortization expense on present value of future profits was $19 million, $55 million and $49 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
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Reinsurance recoverables
In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to limit aggregate and single exposure to losses on large risks by purchasing reinsurance from reinsurers (see Note 9). The amounts reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position include amounts billed to reinsurers on losses paid as well as estimates of amounts expected to be recovered from reinsurers on incurred losses that have not yet been paid. Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses are estimated based upon assumptions consistent with those used in establishing the liabilities related to the underlying reinsured contract. Insurance liabilities are reported gross of reinsurance recoverables. Prepaid reinsurance premiums are deferred and reflected in income in a manner consistent with the recognition of premiums on the reinsured contracts. Reinsurance does not extinguish the Company's primary liability under the policies written. Therefore, the Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of the reinsurers including their activities with respect to claim settlement practices and commutations, and establishes allowances for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables as appropriate.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of amounts paid for acquiring businesses over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") No. 142, "Goodwill and other Intangible Assets", effective January 1, 2002. The statement eliminates the requirement to amortize goodwill and requires that goodwill and separately identified intangible assets with indefinite lives be evaluated for impairment on an annual basis (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) on a fair value basis.
During the second quarter of 2002, the Company completed its initial goodwill impairment test and recorded a $331 million after-tax impairment charge, which is reflected as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The impairment relates to goodwill arising from the Company's purchase of American Heritage Life Investment Corporation ("AHL") in 1999 and Pembridge, Inc. in 1998 and is the result of the Company adopting the fair value-based approach to goodwill impairment testing required by SFAS No. 142.
The Company annually tests goodwill for impairment using a trading multiple analysis, which is a widely accepted valuation technique, to estimate the fair value of its SFAS No. 142 reporting units. Based on the Company's decision to sell two life insurance companies for their licenses, the Company recognized an aggregate goodwill and other intangible assets impairment loss of $4 million ($2 million after-tax) in 2004. In 2004, the Company also determined that approximately $100 million of certain Encompass related liabilities originally established through purchase accounting were no longer necessary and, as a result, were eliminated through a reduction of the related goodwill.
Goodwill impairment testing indicated no impairment at December 31, 2003.
Property and equipment
Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Included in property and equipment are capitalized costs related to computer software licenses and software developed for internal use. These costs generally consist of certain external payroll and payroll related costs. Property and equipment depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 3 to 10 years for equipment and 40 years for real property. Certain facilities and equipment held under capital and synthetic leases are classified as property and equipment and amortized using the straight-line method over the lease terms with the related obligations recorded as liabilities. Depreciation expense, including lease amortization, is reported in operating costs and expenses. Accumulated depreciation on property and equipment was $1.52 billion and $1.37 billion at December 31,
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2004 and 2003, respectively. Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $219 million, $225 million and $205 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The Company reviews its property and equipment for impairment at least annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Income taxes
The income tax provision is calculated under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates. The principal assets and liabilities giving rise to such differences are unrealized capital gains and losses on certain investments, insurance reserves, unearned premiums, deferred policy acquisition costs and employee benefits. A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is established when there is uncertainty that such assets would be realized.
Reserves for property liability insurance claims and claims expense and life-contingent contract benefits
The reserve for property-liability claims and claims expense is the estimated amount necessary to settle both reported and unreported claims of insured property-liability losses, based upon the facts in each case and the Company's experience with similar cases. Estimated amounts of salvage and subrogation are deducted from the reserve for claims and claims expense. The establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, is an inherently uncertain process. Reserve estimates are regularly reviewed and updated, using the most current information available. Any resulting reestimates are reflected in current operations (see Note 7).
The reserve for life-contingent contract benefits, which relates to traditional life and supplemental accident and health insurance and immediate annuities with life contingencies, is computed on the basis of long-term actuarial assumptions as to future investment yields, mortality, morbidity, terminations and expenses. These assumptions, which for traditional life insurance are applied using the net level premium method, include provisions for adverse deviation and generally vary by such characteristics as type of coverage, year of issue and policy duration. Detailed reserve assumptions and reserve interest rates are outlined in Note 8. To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities would result in a premium deficiency had those gains actually been realized, the related increase in reserves for certain immediate annuities with life contingencies is recorded net of tax as a reduction of the unrealized net capital gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Contractholder funds
Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products, such as interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities, bank deposits and funding agreements. Contractholder funds are comprised primarily of deposits received and interest credited to the benefit of the contractholder less surrenders and withdrawals, mortality charges and administrative expenses. Contractholder funds also include reserves for secondary guarantees on interest-sensitive life insurance and certain fixed annuity contracts. Detailed information on crediting rates and surrender and withdrawal provisions on contractholder funds are outlined in Note 8.
Separate accounts
The Company issues variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts, the assets and liabilities of which are legally segregated and recorded as assets and liabilities of the separate accounts. The assets of the separate accounts are carried at fair value. Separate accounts liabilities represent the
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contractholders' claims to the related assets and are carried at the fair value of the assets. Investment income and realized capital gains and losses of the separate accounts accrue directly to the contractholders and therefore, are not included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Revenues to the Company from the separate accounts consist of contract charges for maintenance, administration, cost of insurance and surrender of the contract prior to the contractually specified dates and are reflected in life and annuity premiums and contract charges. Deposits to the separate accounts are not included in consolidated cash flows.
Absent any contract provision wherein the Company guarantees either a minimum return or account value upon death, a specified contract anniversary date, or annuitization, variable annuity and variable life insurance contractholders bear the investment risk that the separate accounts' funds may not meet their stated investment objectives. The account balances of variable contracts' separate accounts with guarantees included $13.41 billion of equity, fixed income and balanced mutual funds and $656 million of money market mutual funds at December 31, 2004.
Liabilities for variable contract guarantees
The Company offers various guarantees to variable annuity contractholders including a return of no less than (a) total deposits made on the contract less any customer withdrawals, (b) total deposits made on the contract less any customer withdrawals plus a minimum return or (c) the highest contract value on a specified anniversary date minus any customer withdrawals following the contract anniversary. These guarantees include benefits that are payable in the event of death (death benefits), upon annuitization (income benefits), or at specified dates during the accumulation period (accumulation benefits). Liabilities for variable contract guarantees related to death benefits are included in reserve for life-contingent contract benefits and the liabilities related to the income and accumulation benefits are included in contractholder funds in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Detailed information regarding the Company's variable contracts with guarantees is outlined in Note 8.
Pursuant to the adoption of SOP 03-1 in 2004, the liability for death and income benefit guarantees is established equal to a benefit ratio multiplied by the cumulative contract charges earned, plus accrued interest less contract benefit payments. The benefit ratio is calculated as the estimated present value of all expected contract benefits divided by the present value of all expected contract charges. The establishment of reserves for these guarantees requires the projection of future separate account fund performance, mortality, persistency and customer benefit utilization rates. These assumptions are periodically reviewed and updated. For guarantees related to death benefits, benefits represent the current guaranteed minimum death benefit payments in excess of the current account balance. For guarantees related to income benefits, benefits represent the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuitization benefits in excess of the current account balance.
Projected benefits and contract charges used in determining the liability for certain guarantees are developed using models and stochastic scenarios that are also used in the development of estimated expected gross profits. Underlying assumptions for the liability related to income benefits include assumed future annuitization elections based on factors such as the extent of benefit to the potential annuitant, eligibility conditions and the annuitant's attained age. The liability for guarantees is re-evaluated periodically, and adjustments are made to the liability balance through a charge or credit to life and annuity contract benefits.
Guarantees related to accumulation benefits are considered to be derivative financial instruments; therefore, the liability for accumulation benefits is established based on its fair value.
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Deferred compensation expense represents the remaining unrecognized cost of shares acquired by the Allstate Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") to pre-fund a portion of the Company's contribution to The Savings and Profit Sharing Plan of Allstate Employees and the unrecognized cost associated with the restricted shares granted under equity incentive plans for Allstate employees (see Note 17). A detailed description of the ESOP and the impacts on the consolidated financial statements is included in Note 16.
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company has three equity incentive plans which permit the Company to grant nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted or unrestricted shares of the Company's stock and restricted stock units to certain employees and directors of the Company. In 2003, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation", and selected the prospective method of adoption in accordance with SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation". Therefore, the Company began prospectively expensing the fair value of all stock options granted on or after January 1, 2003. In 2002, the Company applied APB 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"), and related Interpretations in accounting for its employee equity incentive plans. Accordingly, no compensation cost was recognized in 2002 for its employee plan as the exercise price of the options equaled the market price at the grant date. See Note 17 for pro forma net income and earnings per share, as well as additional information related to equity incentive plans.
Off-balance-sheet financial instruments
Commitments to invest, commitments to purchase private placement securities, commitments to extend mortgage loans, financial guarantees and credit guarantees have off-balance-sheet risk because their contractual amounts are not recorded in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The contractual amounts and fair values of these instruments are outlined in Note 6.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs")
The Company consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE and if it has a variable interest that will absorb a majority of the expected losses if they occur, receive a majority of the entity's expected returns, or both (see Note 11).
Foreign currency translation
The local currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is deemed to be the functional currency in which these subsidiaries operate. The financial statements of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of a reporting period for assets and liabilities and at average exchange rates during the period for results of operations. The unrealized gains and losses from the translation of the net assets are recorded as unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments and included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Changes in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are reported in operating costs and expenses and have not been significant.
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Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding. For Allstate, dilutive potential common shares consist of outstanding stock options.
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, are presented in the following table.
(in millions, except per share data) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numerator (applicable to common shareholders): | ||||||||||||
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | $ | 3,356 | $ | 2,725 | $ | 1,475 | ||||||
Dividends on preferred securities of subsidiary trusts | | (5 | ) | (10 | ) | |||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (175 | ) | (15 | ) | (331 | ) | ||||||
Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | ||||||
Denominator: | ||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 695.6 | 703.5 | 707.1 | |||||||||
Effect of potential dilutive securities: | ||||||||||||
Stock options | 4.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | |||||||||
4.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | ||||||||||
Weighted average common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding | 700.3 | 706.2 | 709.9 | |||||||||
Earnings per shareBasic: | ||||||||||||
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | $ | 4.82 | $ | 3.87 | $ | 2.08 | ||||||
Dividends on preferred securities of subsidiary trusts | | | (0.01 | ) | ||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (0.25 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.47 | ) | ||||||
Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | 4.57 | $ | 3.85 | $ | 1.60 | ||||||
Earnings per shareDiluted: | ||||||||||||
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | $ | 4.79 | $ | 3.85 | $ | 2.07 | ||||||
Dividends on preferred securities of subsidiary trusts | | | (0.01 | ) | ||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (0.25 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.46 | ) | ||||||
Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | 4.54 | $ | 3.83 | $ | 1.60 | ||||||
Options to purchase 3.1 million, 8.7 million and 9.0 million Allstate common shares, with exercise prices ranging from $46.99 to $50.79, $36.99 to $50.72 and $37.06 to $50.72, were outstanding at December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share since inclusion of those options would have an anti-dilutive effect as the options' exercise prices exceeded the average market price of Allstate common shares in those years.
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Adopted accounting standards
Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 03-1, "The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments" ("EITF 03-1") and FSP EITF 03-1-1, "Effective Date of Paragraphs 10-20 of EITF Issue No. 03-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments" ("FSP EITF 03-1-1")
In March 2004, the Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") reached a final consensus on EITF 03-1, which was to be effective for fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2004. EITF 03-1 requires that when the fair value of an investment security is less than its carrying value an impairment exists for which a determination must be made as to whether the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary. In September 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued, and the Company adopted, FSP EITF Issue 03-1-1, which deferred the effective date of the impairment measurement and recognition provisions contained in paragraphs 10-20 of EITF 03-1 until proposed FSP EITF 03-1-a is issued as final guidance (See Pending and Recently Issued Accounting Standards). The disclosure requirements of EITF 03-1 were previously adopted by the Company as of December 31, 2003 for investments accounted for under SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities". For all other investments within the scope of EITF 03-1, the disclosures are effective and have been adopted by the Company as of December 31, 2004.
FASB Staff Position Nos. FAS 106-1 and FAS 106-2, "Accounting and Disclosure Requirements Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003" ("FSP FAS 106-1" and "FSP FAS 106-2")
In January 2004, the FASB issued FSP FAS 106-1 to address the accounting implications of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 ("Act"). The Act, which was signed into law on December 8, 2003, provides, among other things, a federal subsidy to plan sponsors who maintain postretirement health care plans ("plans") that provide prescription drug benefits and meet certain equivalency criteria. FSP FAS 106-1 allowed reporting entities to make a one-time election to defer recognizing the impact of the Act on their accumulated postretirement benefit obligation ("APBO") and net periodic postretirement benefit cost determined in accordance with SFAS No. 106, "Employer's Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions" until sufficient guidance was developed to permit a determination of both the qualification for the subsidy and how to recognize the impact of the subsidy on its APBO and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The Company adopted FSP FAS 106-1 in the first quarter of 2004 and elected to defer recognition of the accounting impact of the Act as information was not available to determine with sufficient certainty whether the Company's plans meet the equivalency criteria, and if so, how to recognize the impact of the subsidy on its APBO and net periodic postretirement benefit cost.
In May 2004, the FASB issued FSP FAS 106-2, which supercedes FSP FAS 106-1, to provide guidance on accounting for the effects of the Act. FSP FAS 106-2, which the Company adopted in the third quarter of 2004, requires reporting entities that elected deferral under FSP FAS 106-1 and are able to determine if their plans are actuarially equivalent to recognize the impact of the Act no later than the first interim or annual reporting period beginning after June 15, 2004. In July 2004, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") issued proposed regulations for the Act, including three different proposals for the determination of actuarial equivalence. Depending on which proposal is adopted, the Company's plans may not meet the actuarial equivalence criteria. As a result, the Company was unable to determine if its plans are actuarially equivalent, accordingly, the measurement of its APBO and net periodic postretirement benefit cost do not reflect any amount associated with the subsidy at December 31, 2004. In January 2005, the CMS issued the final regulations for the Act including the determination of actuarial
129
equivalence. The Company is currently evaluating the final regulations and the potential impact of the Act on its APBO and net periodic postretirement benefit cost which is not expected to be material to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations or Financial Position.
SOP 03-1, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts" ("SOP 03-1")
On January 1, 2004, the Company adopted SOP 03-1. The major provisions of the SOP affecting the Company require:
The cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle from implementing SOP 03-1 was a loss of $175 million, after-tax ($269 million, pre-tax). It was comprised of an increase in benefit reserves (primarily for variable annuity contracts) of $145 million, pre-tax, and a reduction in DAC and DSI of $124 million, pre-tax.
The SOP requires consideration of a range of potential results to estimate the cost of variable annuity death benefits and income benefits, which generally necessitates the use of stochastic modeling techniques. To maintain consistency with the assumptions used in the establishment of reserves for variable annuity guarantees, the Company utilized the results of this stochastic modeling to estimate expected gross profits, which form the basis for determining the amortization of DAC and DSI. This new modeling approach resulted in a lower estimate of expected gross profits, and therefore resulted in a write-down of DAC and DSI.
In 2004, DSI and related amortization is classified within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and Operations as other assets and interest credited to contractholder funds, respectively. The amounts are provided in Note 10. Pursuant to adopting this guidance, the Company also reclassified $204 million of separate accounts assets and liabilities to investments and contractholder funds, respectively.
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA") Technical Practice Aid ("TPA") re. SOP 03-1
In September 2004, the staff of the AICPA, aided by industry experts, issued a set of technical questions and answers on financial accounting and reporting issues related to SOP 03-1 that will be included in the AICPA's TPAs. The TPA addresses a number of issues related to SOP 03-1 including when it is necessary to establish a liability in addition to the account balance for certain contracts such as single premium and universal life that meet the definition of an insurance contract and have amounts assessed against the contractholder in a manner that is expected to result in profits in earlier years and losses in subsequent years from the insurance benefit function. The impact of adopting the provisions of the TPA was not material to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations or Financial Position.
FASB Interpretation No. 46 and 46R, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" ("FIN 46" and "FIN 46R")
In December 2003, the FASB revised FIN 46, which was originally issued in January 2003. FIN 46R addressed whether certain types of entities, referred to as variable interest entities ("VIEs"), should be
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consolidated in a company's financial statements. A company must consolidate a VIE if it has a variable interest that will absorb a majority of the expected losses if they occur, receive a majority of the entity's expected returns, or both. The Company elected to adopt FIN 46 as of July 1, 2003 for its existing VIEs with the exception of two VIEs used to manage assets on behalf of unrelated third party investors. FIN 46 was adopted as of December 31, 2003 for those remaining VIEs subsequent to the issuance of FIN 46R. See Note 11 for the impact of adoption.
SFAS No. 149, "Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS No. 149")
In April 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, which amends, clarifies and codifies financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and used for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". While this statement applies primarily to certain derivative contracts and embedded derivatives entered into or modified after June 30, 2003, it also codifies conclusions previously reached by the FASB at various dates on certain implementation issues. The impact of adopting the provisions of the statement was not material to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations or Financial Position.
Derivatives Implementation Group Statement 133 Implementation Issue No. B36, "Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposures That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor under Those Instruments"("Implementation Issue B36")
In April 2003, the FASB issued Implementation Issue B36, which became effective October 1, 2003. Implementation Issue B36 was applied to one of the Company's modified coinsurance agreements, and as a result, the embedded derivative was bifurcated from the agreement and marked to market value at October 1, 2003. The effect of adopting Implementation Issue B36 was the recognition of a loss of $17 million, after-tax, which is reflected as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS No. 148")
In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148 which amends SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation". The amendment enabled companies that choose to adopt the fair value based method to report the full effect of employee stock options in their financial statements immediately upon adoption. The statement sets forth clearer and more prominent disclosures about the cost of employee stock options and increased the frequency of those disclosures to include publication in quarterly financial statements. Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company began expensing the fair value of all stock options granted on or after January 1, 2003. The Company recognized $9 million, after-tax, expense associated with stock options granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2003.
Pending Accounting Standards
SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment ("SFAS No. 123R")
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R, which revises SFAS No. 123 and supersedes APB 25. SFAS No. 123R eliminates an entity's ability to account for share-based payments using APB 25 and requires all such transactions be accounted for using a fair value based method. In addition, although it does not require use of a binomial lattice model, SFAS No. 123R indicates that a binomial lattice model may be more effective in valuing employee stock options than the Black-Scholes model,
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which was primarily developed to value publicly traded options. SFAS No. 123R is effective for all awards granted, modified, repurchased, or cancelled in the interim period beginning after June 15, 2005 and requires the recognition of compensation cost over the remaining vesting period for the portion of outstanding awards that are not vested as of the effective date. Beginning January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the fair value based method of accounting for all stock options granted or modified on or after January 1, 2003. Beginning in 2005, the Company will begin using a binomial lattice model instead of the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of employee stock options. SFAS No. 123R is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations or Financial Position.
FSP EITF Issue 03-1-a, "Implementation Guidance for the Application of Paragraph 16 of EITF Issue No. 03-1, "The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments" ("FSP EITF Issue 03-1-a").
In September 2004, the FASB issued proposed FSP EITF 03-1-a to address the application of paragraph 16 of EITF Issue 03-1 to debt securities that are impaired because of increases in interest rates, and/or sector spreads. Thereafter, in connection with its decision to defer the effective date of paragraphs 10-20 of EITF 03-1 through the issuance of FSP EITF Issue 03-1-1, the FASB requested from its constituents comments on the issues set forth in FSP EITF 03-1-a and the issues that arose during the comment letter process for FSP EITF 03-1-b, "Effective Date of Paragraph 16 of EITF Issue No. 03-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments".
Due to the uncertainty as to how the outstanding issues will be resolved, the Company is unable to determine the impact of adopting paragraphs 10-20 of EITF 03-1 until final implementation guidance is issued. Adoption of paragraphs 10-20 of EITF 03-1 may have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations but is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as fluctuations in fair value are already recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.
3. Dispositions
In 2004, the Company disposed of Columbia Universal Life Insurance Company ("CUL"), a wholly owned life insurance subsidiary, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with Verde Financial Corporation. As a result, the Company recognized a nominal gain on the disposition and a net tax benefit of approximately $11 million. The tax benefit was reported as a reduction of the Company's income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. All contracts in force, primarily fixed annuity and interest-sensitive life policies written by CUL, had been ceded to ALIC or third party reinsurers prior to the disposition.
In 2004, the Company disposed of a portion of its equity investment in a consolidated investment management VIE. This action triggered a reconsideration of whether the Company remained the primary beneficiary of the investment management VIE under FIN 46R. After such reconsideration, the Company determined it was no longer the primary beneficiary of the investment management VIE. Therefore, the investment management VIE was deconsolidated as of the disposition date in the first quarter of 2004. The deconsolidation of the investment management VIE resulted in a decrease in assets of $428 million and a decrease in long-term debt of $412 million at the time of deconsolidation. The carrying value of the Company's portion of its investment in this investment management VIE reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as fixed income securities was $.3 million at December 31, 2004.
In 2003, the Company announced its intention to exit the Allstate Financial direct response distribution business and, based on its decision to sell the business, reached a measurement date that resulted in the recognition of an estimated loss on the disposition of $44 million ($29 million, after-tax). In
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2004, the Company disposed of substantially all of Allstate Financial's direct response distribution business pursuant to reinsurance transactions with subsidiaries of Citigroup and Scottish Re (U.S.) Inc. In connection with those disposal activities, the Company recorded an additional loss on disposition of $21 million pretax ($14 million after-tax) in 2004 (see Notes 9 and 10).
4. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Non-cash investment exchanges and modifications, which primarily reflect refinancings of fixed income securities and mergers completed with equity securities, totaled $149 million, $56 million and $137 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Secured borrowing reinvestment transactions excluded from cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Purchases | $ | 4,531 | $ | 4,722 | $ | 3,306 | |||||
Sales | (4,638 | ) | (3,961 | ) | (2,966 | ) | |||||
Collections | | | (25 | ) | |||||||
Net change in short-term investments | 1,170 | (11 | ) | (166 | ) | ||||||
Net purchases | $ | 1,063 | $ | 750 | $ | 149 | |||||
5. Investments
Fair values
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value for fixed income securities are as follows:
|
|
Gross unrealized |
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amortized cost |
Fair value |
|||||||||||
(in millions) |
Gains |
Losses |
|||||||||||
At December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||
U.S. government and agencies | $ | 3,120 | $ | 849 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 3,967 | ||||
Municipal | 24,955 | 1,417 | (45 | ) | 26,327 | ||||||||
Corporate | 38,210 | 2,281 | (109 | ) | 40,382 | ||||||||
Foreign government | 2,334 | 367 | (1 | ) | 2,700 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | 9,122 | 118 | (21 | ) | 9,219 | ||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 6,762 | 167 | (14 | ) | 6,915 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 5,958 | 72 | (35 | ) | 5,995 | ||||||||
Redeemable preferred stock | 196 | 15 | (1 | ) | 210 | ||||||||
Total fixed income securities | $ | 90,657 | $ | 5,286 | $ | (228 | ) | $ | 95,715 | ||||
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At December 31, 2003 | |||||||||||||
U.S. government and agencies | $ | 3,317 | $ | 745 | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 4,058 | ||||
Municipal | 23,354 | 1,514 | (60 | ) | 24,808 | ||||||||
Corporate | 34,224 | 2,471 | (202 | ) | 36,493 | ||||||||
Foreign government | 2,155 | 319 | (2 | ) | 2,472 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | 8,523 | 152 | (20 | ) | 8,655 | ||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,828 | 190 | (35 | ) | 5,983 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 5,036 | 102 | (42 | ) | 5,096 | ||||||||
Redeemable preferred stock | 170 | 11 | (5 | ) | 176 | ||||||||
Total fixed income securities | $ | 82,607 | $ | 5,504 | $ | (370 | ) | $ | 87,741 | ||||
Scheduled maturities
The scheduled maturities for fixed income securities are as follows at December 31, 2004:
(in millions) |
Amortized cost |
Fair value |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Due in one year or less | $ | 2,379 | $ | 2,417 | |||
Due after one year through five years | 14,124 | 14,721 | |||||
Due after five years through ten years | 23,512 | 24,802 | |||||
Due after ten years | 35,562 | 38,561 | |||||
75,577 | 80,501 | ||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities | 15,080 | 15,214 | |||||
Total | $ | 90,657 | $ | 95,715 | |||
Actual maturities may differ from those scheduled as a result of prepayments by the issuers. Because of the potential for prepayment on mortgage- and asset-backed securities, they are not categorized by contractual maturity. The commercial mortgage-backed securities are categorized by contractual maturity because they generally are not subject to prepayment risk.
Net investment income
Net investment income for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed income securities | $ | 4,907 | $ | 4,621 | $ | 4,477 | |||||
Equity securities | 213 | 162 | 156 | ||||||||
Mortgage loans | 456 | 429 | 420 | ||||||||
Other | (77 | ) | (59 | ) | 1 | ||||||
Investment income, before expense | 5,499 | 5,153 | 5,054 | ||||||||
Investment expense | 215 | 181 | 205 | ||||||||
Net investment income | $ | 5,284 | $ | 4,972 | $ | 4,849 | |||||
Net investment income from equity securities includes income from partnership interests of $97 million, $71 million and $75 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
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Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax
Realized capital gains and losses by security type for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed income securities | $ | 167 | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (91 | ) | ||||
Equity securities | 416 | 108 | (360 | ) | ||||||||
Other investments | 8 | 106 | (473 | ) | ||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, pre-tax | 591 | 196 | (924 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (199 | ) | (62 | ) | 326 | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | $ | 392 | $ | 134 | $ | (598 | ) | |||||
Realized capital gains and losses by transaction type for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Investment write-downs | $ | (129 | ) | $ | (294 | ) | $ | (467 | ) | ||
Dispositions(1) | 828 | 453 | (221 | ) | |||||||
Valuation of derivative instruments | (46 | ) | 16 | (60 | ) | ||||||
Settlement of derivative instruments | (62 | ) | 21 | (176 | ) | ||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, pre-tax | 591 | 196 | (924 | ) | |||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (199 | ) | (62 | ) | 326 | ||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | $ | 392 | $ | 134 | $ | (598 | ) | ||||
Excluding the effects of calls and prepayments, gross gains of $454 million, $394 million and $404 million and gross losses of $224 million, $264 million and $488 million were realized on sales of fixed income securities during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Unrealized net capital gains and losses
Unrealized net capital gains and losses on fixed income, equity securities and derivative instruments included in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2004 are as follows:
|
|
Gross unrealized |
|
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fair value |
Unrealized net gains (losses) |
||||||||||||
(in millions) |
Gains |
Losses |
||||||||||||
Fixed income securities | $ | 95,715 | $ | 5,286 | $ | (228 | ) | $ | 5,058 | |||||
Equity securities | 5,895 | 1,343 | (14 | ) | 1,329 | |||||||||
Derivative instruments | (10 | ) | 6 | (23 | ) | (17 | ) | |||||||
Total | 6,370 | |||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes, deferred policy acquisition costs, premium deficiency reserve and deferred sales inducements |
(3,382 |
) |
||||||||||||
Unrealized net capital gains and losses | $ | 2,988 | ||||||||||||
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At December 31, 2003, equity securities had gross unrealized gains of $1.28 billion and gross unrealized losses of $18 million.
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses
The change in unrealized net capital gains and losses for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed income securities | $ | (76 | ) | $ | 105 | $ | 2,604 | ||||
Equity securities | 69 | 800 | (400 | ) | |||||||
Derivative instruments | (22 | ) | (5 | ) | (6 | ) | |||||
Total | (29 | ) | 900 | 2,198 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes, deferred policy acquisition costs, premium deficiency reserve and deferred sales inducements | (108 | ) | (377 | ) | (1,385 | ) | |||||
(Decrease) increase in unrealized net capital gains and losses | $ | (137 | ) | $ | 523 | $ | 813 | ||||
Portfolio monitoring
Inherent in the Company's evaluation of a particular security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Some of the factors considered in evaluating whether a decline in fair value is other than temporary are: 1) the Company's ability and intent to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in value; 2) the recoverability of principal and interest; 3) the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost for equity securities or amortized cost for fixed income securities; 4) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issuer, including relevant industry conditions and trends, and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; and 5) the specific reasons that a security is in a significant unrealized loss position, including market conditions which could affect access to liquidity.
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The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of fixed income and equity securities by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
|
Less than 12 months |
12 months or more |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
($ in millions) |
Number of issues |
Fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Number of issues |
Fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Total unrealized losses |
|||||||||||||||
At December 31, 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. government and agencies | 20 | $ | 79 | $ | (1 | ) | 2 | $ | 28 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | |||||||
Municipal | 416 | 1,730 | (22 | ) | 90 | 437 | (23 | ) | (45 | ) | ||||||||||||
Corporate | 408 | 4,624 | (60 | ) | 102 | 1,298 | (49 | ) | (109 | ) | ||||||||||||
Foreign government | 12 | 101 | (1 | ) | | | | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 96 | 1,132 | (10 | ) | 16 | 239 | (4 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | 673 | 2,695 | (19 | ) | 49 | 125 | (2 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 134 | 1,523 | (16 | ) | 26 | 282 | (19 | ) | (35 | ) | ||||||||||||
Redeemable preferred stock | 5 | 6 | (1 | ) | | | | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total fixed income securities | 1,764 | 11,890 | (130 | ) | 285 | 2,409 | (98 | ) | (228 | ) | ||||||||||||
Equity securities | 128 | 161 | (9 | ) | 21 | 23 | (5 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total fixed income & equity securities | 1,892 | $ | 12,051 | $ | (139 | ) | 306 | $ | 2,432 | $ | (103 | ) | $ | (242 | ) | |||||||
Investment grade fixed income securities | 1,653 | 11,402 | (110 | ) | 240 | 2,020 | (61 | ) | (171 | ) | ||||||||||||
Below investment grade fixed income securities | 111 | 488 | (20 | ) | 45 | 389 | (37 | ) | (57 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total fixed income securities | 1,764 | $ | 11,890 | $ | (130 | ) | 285 | $ | 2,409 | $ | (98 | ) | $ | (228 | ) | |||||||
At December 31, 2003 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. government and agencies | 16 | $ | 164 | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | | $ | | $ | (4 | ) | ||||||||
Municipal | 256 | 1,281 | (38 | ) | 41 | 227 | (22 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||||||||
Corporate | 374 | 4,068 | (152 | ) | 79 | 675 | (50 | ) | (202 | ) | ||||||||||||
Foreign government | 13 | 106 | (2 | ) | | | | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 99 | 1,472 | (34 | ) | 10 | 61 | (1 | ) | (35 | ) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | 237 | 2,129 | (20 | ) | 36 | 30 | | (20 | ) | |||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 78 | 843 | (16 | ) | 38 | 278 | (26 | ) | (42 | ) | ||||||||||||
Redeemable preferred stock | 4 | 24 | (1 | ) | 1 | 21 | (4 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total fixed income securities | 1,077 | 10,087 | (267 | ) | 205 | 1,292 | (103 | ) | (370 | ) | ||||||||||||
Equity securities | 120 | 161 | (16 | ) | 59 | 25 | (2 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total fixed income & equity securities | 1,197 | $ | 10,248 | $ | (283 | ) | 264 | $ | 1,317 | $ | (105 | ) | $ | (388 | ) | |||||||
Investment grade fixed income securities | 952 | 9,571 | (222 | ) | 136 | 756 | (38 | ) | (260 | ) | ||||||||||||
Below investment grade fixed income securities | 125 | 516 | (45 | ) | 69 | 536 | (65 | ) | (110 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total fixed income securities | 1,077 | $ | 10,087 | $ | (267 | ) | 205 | $ | 1,292 | $ | (103 | ) | $ | (370 | ) | |||||||
As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, $221 million and $290 million, respectively, of unrealized losses related to securities with an unrealized loss position less than 20% of cost or amortized cost, the degree of which suggests that these securities do not pose a high risk of being other than temporarily impaired.
137
Of the $221 million and $290 million, $169 million and $234 million, respectively, related to unrealized losses on investment grade fixed income securities. Investment grade is defined as a security having a rating from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") of 1 or 2; a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody's or a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from Standard & Poor's ("S&P"), Fitch or Dominion; or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available. Unrealized losses on investment grade securities are principally related to changes in interest rates or changes in issuer and sector related credit spreads since the securities were acquired.
As of December 31, 2004, the remaining $21 million of unrealized losses related to securities in unrealized loss positions greater than or equal to 20% of cost or amortized cost. Of the $21 million, $2 million related to investment grade fixed income securities, $16 million related to below investment grade fixed income securities and $3 million related to equity securities. Of these amounts, $9 million of the below investment grade fixed income securities and $0 million of equity securities had been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve months or more as of December 31, 2004. Additionally, $11 million of the unrealized losses from below investment grade securities were airline industry issues.
As of December 31, 2003, the remaining $98 million of unrealized losses related to securities in unrealized loss positions greater than or equal to 20% of cost or amortized cost. Of the $98 million, $28 million related to investment grade fixed income securities, $61 million related to below investment grade fixed income securities and $9 million related to equity securities. Of these amounts, $10 million, $31 million and $1 million, respectively, had been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve months or more as of December 31, 2003. Additionally, $13 million of the unrealized losses from below investment grade securities were airline industry issues.
As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, the securities comprising the $21 million and $98 million, respectively, of unrealized losses were evaluated based on factors such as the financial condition and near-term and long-term prospects of the issuer and were determined to have adequate resources to fulfill contractual obligations, such as recent financings or bank loans, cash flows from operations, collateral or the position of a subsidiary with respect to its parent's bankruptcy.
As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had the intent and ability to hold these investments for a period of time sufficient for them to recover in value.
As of December 31, 2004, the carrying value for cost method investments was $467 million, which primarily included limited partnership interests in fund investments. Each cost method investment was evaluated utilizing certain criteria such as a measurement of the Company's percentage share of the investee's equity relative to the carrying value and certain financial trends to determine if an event or change in circumstance occurred that could indicate an other-than-temporary impairment existed. Investments meeting any one of these criteria were further evaluated and, if it was determined that an other-than-temporary impairment existed, the investment was written down to the estimated fair value. The estimated fair value was generally based on the fair value of the underlying investments in the limited partnership funds. It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of each cost method investment in accordance with paragraphs 14 and 15 of SFAS 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments" because the investments are private in nature and do not trade frequently. In addition, the information that would be utilized to estimate fair value is not readily available. The Company had write-downs of $14 million related to cost method investments that were other-than-temporarily impaired in 2004.
Mortgage loan impairment
A mortgage loan is impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.
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The net carrying value of impaired loans at December 31, 2004 and 2003 was $22 million and $4 million, respectively. No valuation allowances were held at December 31, 2004 and 2003 because the fair value of the collateral was greater than the recorded investment in the loans.
Interest income for impaired loans is recognized on an accrual basis if payments are expected to continue to be received; otherwise cash basis is used. The Company recognized interest income on impaired loans of $2 million, $2 million, and $1 million during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The average balance of impaired loans was $29 million, $23 million and $16 million during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Valuation allowances charged to operations during 2004, 2003 and 2002 were $1 million, $3 million and $0 million, respectively. Direct write-downs charged against the allowances were $0 million, $3 million and $5 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and in 2004, $1 million of a balance previously written off was recovered.
Investment concentration for municipal bond and commercial mortgage portfolios and other investment information
The Company maintains a diversified portfolio of municipal bonds. The following table shows the principal geographic distribution of municipal bond issuers represented in the Company's portfolio. No other state represents more than 5.0% of the portfolio at December 31, 2004.
(% of municipal bond portfolio carrying value) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
California | 13.3 | % | 12.3 | % | |
Texas | 11.1 | 11.2 | |||
Illinois | 7.7 | 9.3 | |||
New York | 5.4 | 5.8 |
The Company's mortgage loans are collateralized by a variety of commercial real estate property types located throughout the United States. Substantially all of the commercial mortgage loans are non-recourse to the borrower. The following table shows the principal geographic distribution of commercial real estate represented in the Company's mortgage portfolio. No other state represented more than 5.0% of the portfolio at December 31, 2004 and 2003.
(% of commercial mortgage portfolio carrying value) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
California | 14.3 | % | 14.2 | % | |
Illinois | 8.6 | 9.5 | |||
Texas | 8.2 | 7.9 | |||
Pennsylvania | 6.5 | 5.4 | |||
New Jersey | 5.6 | 6.0 | |||
Georgia | 5.1 | 5.5 | |||
New York | 5.0 | 5.1 | |||
Florida | 4.5 | 6.1 |
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The types of properties collateralizing the commercial mortgage loans at December 31 are as follows:
(% of commercial mortgage portfolio carrying value) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Office buildings | 30.7 | % | 32.1 | % | |
Retail | 25.6 | 22.2 | |||
Warehouse | 25.0 | 24.2 | |||
Apartment complex | 15.2 | 17.2 | |||
Industrial | 1.3 | 1.6 | |||
Other | 2.2 | 2.7 | |||
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||
The contractual maturities of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio as of December 31, 2004 for loans that were not in foreclosure are as follows:
($ in millions) |
Number of loans |
Carrying value |
Percent |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 46 | $ | 331 | 4.2 | |||||
2006 | 86 | 661 | 8.4 | ||||||
2007 | 101 | 832 | 10.6 | ||||||
2008 | 101 | 766 | 9.8 | ||||||
2009 | 130 | 1,279 | 16.3 | ||||||
Thereafter | 511 | 3,985 | 50.7 | ||||||
Total | 975 | $ | 7,854 | 100.0 | % | ||||
In 2004, $263 million of commercial mortgage loans were contractually due. Of these, 63% were paid as due, 26% were refinanced at prevailing market terms and 11% were extended for one year or less. None were foreclosed or in the process of foreclosure, and none were in the process of refinancing or restructuring discussions.
At December 31, 2004, the carrying value of residential mortgage loans outstanding was $2 million.
Included in fixed income securities are below investment grade assets totaling $5.64 billion and $6.01 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
At December 31, 2004, the carrying value of investments that were non-income producing, excluding equity securities, was $20 million. At December 31, 2004, fixed income securities with a carrying value of $315 million were on deposit with regulatory authorities as required by law.
Security repurchase and resale and securities loaned
The Company participates in securities lending programs with third parties, mostly large brokerage firms. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, fixed income securities with a carrying value of $2.89 billion and $2.16 billion, respectively, were on loan under these agreements. In return, the Company receives cash that it invests and includes in short-term investments and fixed income securities, with an offsetting liability recorded in other liabilities and accrued expenses to account for the Company's obligation to return the collateral. Interest income on collateral, net of fees, was $6 million, $6 million and $9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The Company participates in programs to purchase securities under agreements to resell and programs to sell securities under agreements to repurchase, primarily including a mortgage dollar roll program. At the end of December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had $1.16 billion and $1.13 billion of
140
securities that were subject to these agreements. In return, the Company receives cash collateral that it invests and includes in short-term and fixed income securities, with an offsetting liability recorded in other liabilities and accrued expenses to account for the Company's obligation to return the collateral. Interest income recorded as a result of the program was $47 million, $39 million, and $40 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
6. Financial Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company invests in various financial assets, incurs various financial liabilities and enters into agreements involving derivative financial instruments and other off-balance-sheet financial instruments. The fair value estimates of financial instruments presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company might pay or receive in actual market transactions. Potential taxes and other transaction costs have not been considered in estimating fair value. The disclosures that follow do not reflect the fair value of the Company as a whole since a number of the Company's significant assets (including DAC, property and equipment, net and reinsurance recoverables, net) and liabilities (including reserve for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense, reserve for life-contingent contract benefits and deferred income taxes) are not considered financial instruments and are not carried at fair value. Other assets and liabilities considered financial instruments such as premium installment receivables, accrued investment income, cash and claim payments outstanding are generally of a short-term nature. Their carrying values are deemed to approximate fair value.
Financial assets
|
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2003 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Carrying value |
Fair value |
Carrying value |
Fair value |
||||||||
Fixed income securities | $ | 95,715 | $ | 95,715 | $ | 87,741 | $ | 87,741 | ||||
Equity securities | 5,895 | 5,895 | 5,288 | 5,288 | ||||||||
Mortgage loans | 7,856 | 8,187 | 6,539 | 6,937 | ||||||||
Short-term investments | 4,133 | 4,133 | 1,815 | 1,815 | ||||||||
Policy loans | 1,217 | 1,217 | 1,250 | 1,250 | ||||||||
Separate Accounts | 14,377 | 14,377 | 13,425 | 13,425 |
Fair values of publicly traded fixed income securities are based upon quoted market prices or dealer quotes. The fair value of non-publicly traded securities, primarily privately placed corporate obligations, is based on either widely accepted pricing valuation models, which use internally developed ratings and independent third party data (e.g., term structures and current publicly traded bond prices) as inputs, or independent third party pricing sources. Equity securities are valued based principally on quoted market prices. Mortgage loans are valued based on discounted contractual cash flows. Discount rates are selected using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar characteristics, using similar properties as collateral. Loans that exceed 100% loan-to-value are valued at the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral. Short-term investments are highly liquid investments with maturities of one year or less whose carrying values are deemed to approximate fair value. The carrying value of policy loans is deemed to approximate fair value. Separate accounts assets are carried in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value based on quoted market prices.
141
Financial liabilities
|
December 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2003 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Carrying value |
Fair value |
Carrying value |
Fair value |
||||||||
Contractholder funds on investment contracts | $ | 47,173 | $ | 45,387 | $ | 39,438 | $ | 38,022 | ||||
Short-term debt | 43 | 43 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
Long-term debt | 5,291 | 5,601 | 5,073 | 5,431 | ||||||||
Security repurchase agreements | 4,854 | 4,854 | 3,749 | 3,749 | ||||||||
Separate Accounts | 14,377 | 14,377 | 13,425 | 13,425 |
Contractholder funds include interest-sensitive life insurance contracts and investment contracts. Interest-sensitive life insurance contracts are not considered financial instruments subject to fair value disclosure requirements. The fair value of investment contracts is based on the terms of the underlying contracts. Fixed annuities are valued at the account balance less surrender charges. Immediate annuities without life contingencies, funding agreements and GICs are valued at the present value of future benefits using current interest rates. Market value adjusted annuities' fair value is estimated to be the market adjusted surrender value. Equity-indexed annuity contracts' fair value approximates carrying value since the embedded equity options are carried at fair value in the consolidated financial statements.
Short-term debt is valued at carrying value due to its short-term nature. The fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices or, in certain cases, is determined using discounted cash flow calculations based on interest rates of comparable instruments. Security repurchase agreements are valued at carrying value due to their short-term nature. Separate accounts liabilities are carried at the fair value of the underlying assets.
142
Derivative financial instruments
The Company primarily uses derivative financial instruments to reduce its exposure to market risk (principally interest rate, equity price and foreign currency risk), to replicate fixed income securities, and in conjunction with asset/liability management in its Allstate Financial segment. The following table summarizes the notional amount, fair value and carrying value of the Company's derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2004.
|
|
|
Carrying value |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Notional amount |
Fair value(1) |
|||||||||||
(in millions) |
assets(1) |
(liabilities)(1) |
|||||||||||
Interest rate contracts | |||||||||||||
Interest rate swap agreements | $ | 17,592 | $ | (134 | ) | $ | (48 | ) | $ | (86 | ) | ||
Financial futures contracts | 6,882 | (3 | ) | 1 | (4 | ) | |||||||
Interest rate cap and floor agreements | 4,851 | 43 | 31 | 12 | |||||||||
Total interest rate contracts | 29,325 | (94 | ) | (16 | ) | (78 | ) | ||||||
Equity and index contracts |
|||||||||||||
Options, financial futures and warrants | 2,083 | 58 | 92 | (34 | ) | ||||||||
Foreign currency contracts |
|||||||||||||
Foreign currency swap agreements | 1,704 | 535 | 547 | (12 | ) | ||||||||
Foreign currency futures contracts | 21 | | | | |||||||||
Total foreign currency contacts | 1,725 | 535 | 547 | (12 | ) | ||||||||
Embedded derivative financial instruments |
|||||||||||||
Guaranteed accumulation benefit | 623 | 1 | | 1 | |||||||||
Conversion options in fixed income securities | 1,258 | 455 | 455 | | |||||||||
Equity-indexed options in life and annuity product contracts | 1,774 | (30 | ) | | (30 | ) | |||||||
Forward starting options in annuity product contracts | 1,928 | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | |||||||
Put options in variable product contracts | 14 | | | | |||||||||
Term-extending options in trust preferred securities | 200 | | | | |||||||||
Credit default swaps | 28 | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | | |||||||
Total embedded derivative financial instruments | 5,825 | 423 | 454 | (31 | ) | ||||||||
Other derivative financial instruments |
|||||||||||||
Replication credit default swaps | 295 | | | | |||||||||
Reinsurance of guaranteed minimum income annuitization options in variable product contracts | 25 | 14 | 14 | | |||||||||
Forward contracts for TBA mortgage securities | 100 | 1 | 1 | | |||||||||
Commitments to fund mortgage loans | 12 | | | | |||||||||
Forward sale commitments | 12 | | | | |||||||||
Total other derivative financial instruments | 444 | 15 | 15 | | |||||||||
Total derivative financial instruments | $ | 39,402 | $ | 937 | $ | 1,092 | $ | (155 | ) | ||||
143
The following table summarizes the notional amount, fair value and carrying value of the Company's derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2003.
|
|
|
Carrying value |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Notional amount |
Fair value(1) |
|||||||||||
(in millions) |
assets(1) |
(liabilities)(1) |
|||||||||||
Interest rate contracts | |||||||||||||
Interest rate swap agreements | $ | 11,529 | $ | (229 | ) | $ | (88 | ) | $ | (141 | ) | ||
Financial futures contracts | 968 | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | |||||||
Interest rate cap and floor agreements | 4,705 | 84 | 54 | 30 | |||||||||
Total interest rate contracts | 17,202 | (146 | ) | (34 | ) | (112 | ) | ||||||
Equity and index contracts |
|||||||||||||
Options, financial futures and warrants | 920 | 1 | 4 | (3 | ) | ||||||||
Foreign currency contracts |
|||||||||||||
Foreign currency swap agreements | 1,690 | 454 | 436 | 18 | |||||||||
Foreign currency futures contracts | 5 | | | | |||||||||
Total foreign currency contacts | 1,695 | 454 | 436 | 18 | |||||||||
Embedded derivative financial instruments |
|||||||||||||
Conversion options in fixed income securities | 670 | 240 | 240 | | |||||||||
Equity-indexed options in life and annuity product contracts | 1,297 | 9 | | 9 | |||||||||
Forward starting options in annuity product contracts | 1,464 | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | |||||||
Put options in variable product contracts | 19 | | | | |||||||||
Term-extending options in trust preferred securities | 200 | | | | |||||||||
Credit default swap agreements | 48 | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | | |||||||
Total embedded derivative financial instruments | 3,698 | 246 | 239 | 7 | |||||||||
Other derivative financial instruments |
|||||||||||||
Synthetic guaranteed investment product contracts | 1 | | | | |||||||||
Reinsurance of guaranteed minimum income annuitization options in variable product contracts | 34 | 28 | 28 | | |||||||||
Forward contracts for TBA mortgage securities | 270 | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | |||||||
Commitments to fund mortgage loans | 14 | | | | |||||||||
Forward sale commitments | 14 | | | | |||||||||
Total other derivative financial instruments | 333 | 27 | 28 | (1 | ) | ||||||||
Total derivative financial instruments | $ | 23,848 | $ | 582 | $ | 673 | $ | (91 | ) | ||||
The notional amounts specified in the contracts are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under the agreements, and are not representative of the potential for gain or loss on these agreements.
Fair value, which is equal to the carrying value, is the estimated amount that the Company would receive (pay) to terminate the derivative contracts at the reporting date. For exchange traded derivative contracts, the fair value is based on dealer or exchange quotes. The fair value of non-exchange traded derivative contracts, including embedded derivative financial instruments subject to bifurcation, is based on either independent third party pricing sources, including broker quotes, or widely accepted pricing and valuation models which use independent third party data as inputs.
144
The Company manages its exposure to credit risk by utilizing highly rated counterparties, establishing risk control limits, executing legally enforceable master netting agreements and obtaining collateral where appropriate. The Company uses master netting agreements for over-the-counter derivative transactions, including interest rate swap, foreign currency swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor and credit default swap agreements. These agreements permit either party to net payments due for transactions covered by the agreements. Under the provisions of the agreements, collateral is either pledged or obtained when certain predetermined exposure limits are exceeded. As of December 31, 2004, counterparties pledged $490 million in cash to the Company under these agreements. To date, the Company has not incurred any losses on derivative financial instruments due to counterparty nonperformance. Other derivatives including futures and certain option contracts are traded on organized exchanges, which require margin deposits and guarantee the execution of trades, thereby mitigating any associated potential credit risk.
Credit exposure represents the Company's potential loss if all of the counterparties failed to perform under the contractual terms of the contracts and all collateral, if any, became worthless. This exposure is measured by the fair value of freestanding derivative contracts with a positive fair value at the reporting date reduced by the effect, if any, of master netting agreements.
The following table summarizes the counterparty credit exposure by counterparty credit rating at December 31, as it relates to interest rate swap, currency swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor and replication credit default swap agreements.
($ in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rating(1) |
Number of counter- parties |
Notional amount |
Credit exposure(2) |
Exposure, net of collateral(2) |
Number of counter- parties |
Notional amount |
Credit exposure(2) |
Exposure, net of collateral(2) |
||||||||||||||
AAA | 2 | $ | 1,984 | $ | | $ | | 2 | $ | 1,819 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
AA | 2 | 2,228 | 183 | 13 | 3 | 1,630 | 146 | 22 | ||||||||||||||
AA- | 4 | 5,825 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4,539 | 19 | 19 | ||||||||||||||
A+ | 6 | 10,599 | 323 | 17 | 6 | 7,889 | 235 | 27 | ||||||||||||||
A | 2 | 3,806 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 2,067 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Total | 16 | $ | 24,442 | $ | 526 | $ | 40 | 17 | $ | 17,944 | $ | 401 | $ | 69 | ||||||||
Market risk is the risk that the Company will incur losses due to adverse changes in market rates and prices. Market risk exists for all of the derivative financial instruments the Company currently holds, as these instruments may become less valuable due to adverse changes in market conditions. To limit this risk, the Company's senior management has established risk control limits. In addition, changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments that the Company uses for risk management purposes are generally offset by the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged risk component of the related assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions.
The Company reclassified pretax net gains of $3 million and $3 million related to cash flow hedges to net income from accumulated other comprehensive income during 2004 and 2003, respectively. At December 31, 2004, there is no remaining accumulated other comprehensive income to amortize to net income during 2005.
145
The following table presents information about the nature and accounting treatment of Allstate's primary derivative instruments. Included in the table is a description of the individual derivative instruments, the risk management strategies to which they relate, and the financial statement reporting for the derivative instruments in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Amounts reported are in millions on a pre-tax basis.
|
|
Asset / (Liability) |
Income / (Expense) |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Description, Risk Management Strategy and Financial Statement Reporting |
||||||||||||||||||
Instrument |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||
Interest Rate Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap agreements | Description Swap agreements are contracts that periodically exchange the difference between two designated sets of cash flows, (fixed to variable rate, variable to fixed rate, or variable to variable rate) based upon designated market rates or rate indices and a notional amount. |
||||||||||||||||||
Master netting agreements are used to minimize credit risk. In addition, when applicable, parties are required to post collateral. As of December 31, 2004, the Company pledged to counterparties $1.0 million of securities as collateral for over-the-counter instruments. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Risk Management Strategy Primarily used to change the interest rate characteristics of existing assets or liabilities to facilitate asset-liability management. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Financial Position |
|||||||||||||||||||
Fair values are reported as follows: | |||||||||||||||||||
Other investments. | $ | (48 | ) | $ | (88 | ) | |||||||||||||
Other liabilities and accrued expenses. | (86 | ) | (141 | ) | |||||||||||||||
When hedge accounting is applied, the carrying values of the hedged items are adjusted for changes in the fair value of the hedged risks. The fair value of hedged risks are reported as follows: | |||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities. | 161 | 295 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans. | 33 | 56 | |||||||||||||||||
Contractholder funds. | (55 | ) | (103 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations |
|||||||||||||||||||
For hedge accounting, changes in fair value of the instruments are matched together with changes in fair value of the hedged risks and are reported as follows: | |||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income. | $ | 117 | $ | 100 | $ | (390 | ) | ||||||||||||
Life and annuity contract benefits. | (64 | ) | (38 | ) | 94 | ||||||||||||||
Hedge ineffectiveness is reported as Realized capital gains and losses. | (3 | ) | 9 | (15 | ) | ||||||||||||||
When hedge accounting is not applied, changes in fair value of the instruments and the periodic accrual and settlements are reported in realized capital gains and losses. | 12 | 2 | 55 | ||||||||||||||||
Financial futures contracts | Description Financial futures contracts are commitments to purchase or sell designated financial instruments at a future date for a specified price or yield. These contracts are traded on organized exchanges and cash settle on a daily basis. The exchange requires margin deposits as well as daily cash settlements of margin. As of December 31, 2004, the Company pledged margin deposits in the form of marketable securities totaling $11 million. |
||||||||||||||||||
Risk Management Strategies Generally used to manage interest rate risk related to fixed income securities and certain annuity contracts. Financial futures are also used to reduce interest rate risk related to forecasted purchases and sales of marketable investment securities. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Financial Position Fair values are reported as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Other investments. | $ | 1 | $ | | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities and accrued expenses. | (4 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Under non-hedge accounting, changes in fair value of the instruments, some of which are recognized through daily cash settlements, are classified consistent with the risks being economically hedged and are reported as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses. | $ | (103 | ) | $ | 12 | $ | (193 | ) | |||||||||||
Life and annuity contract benefits. | | | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||||
146
|
|
Asset / (Liability) |
Income / (Expense) |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Description, Risk Management Strategy and Financial Statement Reporting |
||||||||||||||||||
Instrument |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap and floor agreements | Description In exchange for a premium, these derivative contracts provide the holder with the right to receive at a future date, the amount, if any, by which a specified market interest rate exceeds the fixed cap rate or falls below the fixed floor rate, applied to a notional amount. |
||||||||||||||||||
Risk Management Strategies Used to reduce exposure to rising or falling interest rates relative to certain existing assets and liabilities in conjunction with asset-liability management. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Financial Position Fair values are reported as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Other investments. | $ | 31 | $ | 54 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities and accrued expenses. | 12 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Under non-hedge accounting, changes in fair value of the instruments and the periodic accruals and settlements are reported in realized capital gains and losses. |
$ |
(36 |
) |
$ |
(20 |
) |
$ |
(5 |
) |
||||||||||
Equity and Index Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||
Options, financial futures, and warrants | Description These indexed derivative instruments provide returns at specified or optional dates based upon a specified index applied to the instrument's notional amount. Index futures are traded on organized exchanges and cash settle on a daily basis. The exchange requires margin deposits as well as daily cash settlements of margin. The Company pledged $15 million of securities in the form of margin deposits as of December 31, 2004. |
||||||||||||||||||
Risk Management Strategies Indexed instruments are primarily used to reduce the market risk associated with certain annuity and deferred compensation liability contracts. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Financial Position Fair values are reported as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Equity securities | $ | | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Other investments. | 92 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities and accrued expenses. | (34 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Under non-hedge accounting, changes in fair values of the instruments, some of which are recognized through daily cash settlements, are classified on one line consistent with the risk being economically hedged and reported as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Life and annuity contract benefits. | $ | 47 | $ | 80 | $ | (66 | ) | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses. | 12 | 20 | (17 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses. | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
147
|
|
Asset / (Liability) |
Income / (Expense) |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Description, Risk Management Strategy and Financial Statement Reporting |
||||||||||||||||||
Instrument |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||
Foreign Currency Contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency swap agreements | Description These derivative contracts involve the periodic exchange of consideration based on relative changes in two designated currencies and, if applicable, differences between fixed rate and variable cash flows or two different variable cash flows, all based on a pre-determined notional amount. |
||||||||||||||||||
Risk Management Strategies These agreements are entered into primarily to manage the foreign currency risk associated with issuing foreign currency denominated funding agreements. In addition to hedging foreign currency risk, they may also change the interest rate characteristics of the funding agreements for asset-liability management purposes. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Financial Position |
|||||||||||||||||||
Fair values are reported as follows: | |||||||||||||||||||
Other investments. | $ | 547 | $ | 436 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities and accrued expenses. | (12 | ) | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
Since hedge accounting is applied for fair value hedges, the carrying value of the hedged item, contractholder funds, is adjusted for changes in the fair value of the hedged risk. For cash flow hedges, the market value of the derivative reduced other comprehensive income by $23 million and $0 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. | (556 | ) | (454 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations |
|||||||||||||||||||
Under hedge accounting, changes in fair value of the instruments are matched together with the changes in fair values of the hedged risks and are reported in life and annuity contract benefits. | $ | 110 | $ | 171 | $ | 263 | |||||||||||||
Hedge ineffectiveness is reported in realized capital gains and losses. | 2 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Conversion options in fixed income securities | Description These securities have embedded options, which provide the Company with the right to convert the instrument into a predetermined number of shares of common stock or provides a return based on a notional amount applied to an index such as the S&P 500. Securities owned and subject to bifurcation include convertible bonds and convertible redeemable preferred stocks. |
||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Financial Position Fair value is reported together with the host contracts in fixed income securities. |
$ |
455 |
$ |
240 |
|||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Changes in fair value are reported in realized capital gains and losses. |
$ |
18 |
$ |
39 |
$ |
(88 |
) |
||||||||||||
Other derivatives | Statement of Financial Position Fair values are reported as follows: |
||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities. | $ | | $ | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other assets. | 14 | 28 | |||||||||||||||||
Contractholder funds. | (45 | ) | (21 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Changes in fair value are reported as follows: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses. | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | 10 | |||||||||||
Life and annuity contract benefits. | (40 | ) | (26 | ) | 86 | ||||||||||||||
148
Off-balance-sheet financial instruments
The contractual amounts and fair values of off-balance-sheet financial instruments at December 31 are as follows:
|
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Contractual amount |
Fair value |
Contractual amount |
Fair value |
||||||||
Commitments to invest | $ | 836 | $ | | $ | 500 | $ | | ||||
Private placement commitments | 45 | | 49 | | ||||||||
Commitments to extend mortgage loans | 103 | 1 | 86 | 1 | ||||||||
Credit guarantees | 151 | | 87 | |
Except for credit guarantees, the contractual amounts represent the amount at risk if the contract is fully drawn upon, the counterparty defaults and the value of any underlying security becomes worthless. Unless noted otherwise, the Company does not require collateral or other security to support off-balance-sheet financial instruments with credit risk.
Commitments to invest generally represent commitments to acquire financial interests or instruments. The Company enters into these agreements to allow for additional participation in certain limited partnership investments. Because the equity investments in the limited partnerships are not actively traded, it is not practical to estimate the fair value of these commitments.
Private placement commitments represent conditional commitments to purchase private placement debt and equity securities at a specified future date. The Company regularly enters into these agreements in the normal course of business. The fair value of these commitments generally cannot be estimated on the date the commitment is made as the terms and conditions of the underlying private placement securities are not yet final.
Commitments to extend mortgage loans are agreements to lend to a borrower provided there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. The Company enters these agreements to commit to future loan fundings at a predetermined interest rate. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Commitments to extend mortgage loans, which are secured by the underlying properties, are valued based on estimates of fees charged by other institutions to make similar commitments to similar borrowers.
Credit guarantees represent conditional commitments included in certain fixed income securities owned by the Company, and exclude those credit guarantees reported as derivatives under SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". These commitments provide for obligations to exchange credit risk or to forfeit principal due, depending on the nature or occurrence of credit events for the referenced entities. The Company enters into these transactions in order to achieve higher yields than direct investment in referenced entities. The fees for assuming the conditional commitments are reflected in the interest receipts reported in net investment income over the lives of the contracts. The fair value of credit guarantees are estimates of the conditional commitments only and are calculated using quoted market prices or valuation models, which incorporate external market data.
In the event of bankruptcy or other default of the referenced entities, the Company's maximum amount at risk, assuming the value of the referenced credits becomes worthless, is the fair value of the subject fixed income securities, which totaled $151 million at December 31, 2004. The Company includes the impact of credit guarantees in its analysis of credit risk, and the referenced credits were current to their contractual terms at December 31, 2004.
149
7. Reserve for Property-Liability Insurance Claims and Claims Expense
As described in Note 2, the Company establishes reserves for claims and claims expense on reported and unreported claims of insured losses. These reserve estimates are based on known facts and interpretations of circumstances and internal factors including the Company's experience with similar cases, historical trends involving claim payment patterns, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs and product mix. In addition, the reserve estimates are influenced by external factors including law changes, court decisions, changes to regulatory requirements, economic conditions, and public attitudes. The Company, in the normal course of business, may also supplement its claims processes by utilizing third party adjusters, appraisers, engineers, inspectors, other professionals and information sources to assess and settle catastrophe and non-catastrophe related claims. The effects of inflation are implicitly considered in the reserving process.
Because reserves are estimates of losses that have occurred, including incurred but not reported ("IBNR") losses, the establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, is an inherently uncertain and complex process. The ultimate cost of losses may vary materially from recorded amounts, which are based on management's best estimates. The Company regularly updates its reserve estimates as new information becomes available and as events unfold that may affect the resolution of unsettled claims. Changes in prior year reserve estimates, which may be material, are reflected in the results of operations in the period such changes are determinable.
Activity in the reserve for property-liability insurance claims and claims expense is summarized as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance at January 1 | $ | 17,714 | $ | 16,690 | $ | 16,500 | |||||
Less reinsurance recoverables | 1,734 | 1,672 | 1,667 | ||||||||
Net balance at January 1 | 15,980 | 15,018 | 14,833 | ||||||||
Incurred claims and claims expense related to: | |||||||||||
Current year | 18,073 | 17,031 | 16,972 | ||||||||
Prior years | (230 | ) | 401 | 685 | |||||||
Total incurred | 17,843 | 17,432 | 17,657 | ||||||||
Claims and claims expense paid related to: | |||||||||||
Current year | 10,989 | 10,195 | 10,598 | ||||||||
Prior years | 6,073 | 6,275 | 6,874 | ||||||||
Total paid | 17,062 | 16,470 | 17,472 | ||||||||
Net balance at December 31 | 16,761 | 15,980 | 15,018 | ||||||||
Plus reinsurance recoverables | 2,577 | 1,734 | 1,672 | ||||||||
Balance at December 31 | $ | 19,338 | $ | 17,714 | $ | 16,690 | |||||
150
Incurred claims and claims expense represents the sum of paid losses and reserve changes in the calendar year. This expense includes losses from catastrophes of $2.47 billion, $1.49 billion and $731 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. In 2004, losses from catastrophes includes $2.0 billion, net of recoveries from the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund ("FHCF"), related to Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne (see Note 9). This estimate includes net losses in personal lines auto and property policies and net losses on commercial policies. Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property-liability insurance business that have contributed to, and will continue to contribute to, material year-to-year fluctuations in the Company's results of operations and financial position. The level of catastrophic loss and weather-related losses (wind, hail, lightning, freeze and water losses) experienced in any year cannot be predicted and could be material to results of operations and financial position.
During 2004, incurred claims and claims expense related to prior years was primarily composed of increases to asbestos reserves of $463 million, decreases in auto reserves of $657 million due to auto injury severity development that was better than expected and late reported loss development that was better than expected due to lower frequency trends in recent years, and decreases in homeowners reserves of $169 million due to late reported loss development that was better than expected.
During 2003, incurred claims and claims expense related to prior years was primarily composed of increases to asbestos reserves of $520 million and decreases in auto reserves of $221 million due to improved auto injury severity development that was better than expected and late reported loss development that was better than expected.
During 2002, incurred claims and claims expense related to prior years was primarily composed of increases to asbestos reserves of $121 million and increases in homeowners reserves of $367 million primarily as a result of claim severity development and late reported losses greater than the level anticipated in previous reserve estimates.
For further discussion of asbestos and environmental reserves, see Note 13.
8. Reserves for Life-Contingent Contract Benefits and Contractholder Funds
At December 31, the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits consists of the following:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Immediate annuities: | ||||||||
Structured settlement annuities | $ | 6,392 | $ | 5,989 | ||||
Other immediate annuities | 2,414 | 2,376 | ||||||
Traditional life(1) | 2,144 | 2,340 | ||||||
Other(1) | 804 | 315 | ||||||
Total reserve for life-contingent contract benefits | $ | 11,754 | $ | 11,020 | ||||
151
The following table highlights the key assumptions generally used in calculating the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits:
Product |
Mortality |
Interest rate |
Estimation method |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Structured settlement annuities | U.S. population with projected calendar year improvements; age setforwards for impaired lives grading to standard | Interest rate assumptions range from 4.1% to 11.7% | Present value of contractually specified future benefits | ||||
Other immediate annuities |
1983 group annuity mortality table |
Interest rate assumptions range from 1.9% to 11.5% |
Present value of expected future benefits based on historical experience |
||||
Traditional life |
Actual company experience plus loading |
Interest rate assumptions range from 4.0% to 11.3% |
Net level premium reserve method using the Company's withdrawal experience rates |
||||
Other: | |||||||
Variable annuity guaranteed minimum death benefits | 90% of 1994 group annuity reserving table | 7% | Projected benefit ratio applied to cumulative assessments | ||||
Accident & health |
Actual company experience plus loading |
Unearned premium; additional contract reserves for traditional life |
To the extent that unrealized gains on fixed income securities would result in a premium deficiency had those gains actually been realized, a premium deficiency reserve has been recorded for certain immediate annuities with life contingencies. A liability of $1.09 billion and $932 million is included in the reserve for life-contingent contract benefits with respect to this deficiency as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The offset to this liability is recorded as a reduction of the unrealized net capital gains included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
At December 31, contractholder funds consists of the following:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interest-sensitive life | $ | 8,280 | $ | 7,536 | ||||
Investment contracts: | ||||||||
Fixed annuities | 34,637 | 28,783 | ||||||
Guaranteed investment contracts | 485 | 1,066 | ||||||
Funding agreements backing medium-term notes | 10,135 | 7,256 | ||||||
Other investment contracts | 1,332 | 1,624 | ||||||
Allstate Bank deposits | 840 | 806 | ||||||
Total contractholder funds | $ | 55,709 | $ | 47,071 | ||||
152
The following table highlights the key contract provisions relating to contractholder funds:
Product |
Interest rate |
Withdrawal/Surrender charges |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interest-sensitive life | Interest rates credited range from 2.0% to 7.25% | Either a percentage of account balance or dollar amount grading off generally over 20 years | |||
Fixed annuities |
Interest rates credited range from 1.3% to 11.5% for immediate annuities and 0% to 16% for fixed annuities (which include equity-indexed annuities whose returns are indexed to the S&P 500) |
Either a declining or a level percentage charge generally over nine years or less. Additionally, approximately 30.5% of fixed annuities are subject to market value adjustment for discretionary withdrawals. |
|||
Guaranteed investment contracts |
Interest rates credited range from 2.95% to 8.14% |
Generally not subject to discretionary withdrawal |
|||
Funding agreements backing medium-term notes |
Interest rates credited range from 2.1% to 7.4% (excluding currency-swapped medium-term notes) |
Not applicable |
|||
Other investment contracts: |
|||||
Variable guaranteed minimum income benefit and secondary guarantees on interest- sensitive life and fixed annuities | Interest rates used in establishing reserves range from 1.75% to 10.3% | Withdrawal and surrender charges are based on the terms of the related interest-sensitive life or fixed annuity contract. | |||
Other investment contracts |
Interest rates credited range from 2.2% to 2.5% |
Not applicable |
|||
Allstate Bank |
Interest rates credited range from 0% to 5.5% |
A percentage of principal balance for time deposits withdrawn prior to maturity |
Contractholder funds include funding agreements held by VIEs issuing medium-term notes. The VIEs are Allstate Life Funding, LLC, Allstate Financial Global Funding, LLC, Allstate Life Global Funding and Allstate Life Global Funding II, and their primary assets are funding agreements used exclusively to back medium-term note programs.
153
Contractholder funds activity for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 47,071 | $ | 40,751 | |||
Impact of adoption of SOP 03-1(1) | 421 | | |||||
Deposits | 13,880 | 10,627 | |||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds | 1,991 | 1,846 | |||||
Benefits and withdrawals | (4,167 | ) | (3,233 | ) | |||
Maturities of institutional products | (2,518 | ) | (2,163 | ) | |||
Transfers to Separate Accounts | (412 | ) | (416 | ) | |||
Contract charges | (655 | ) | (622 | ) | |||
Fair value adjustments for institutional products | 38 | 131 | |||||
Other adjustments | 60 | 150 | |||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 55,709 | $ | 47,071 | |||
The table below presents information regarding the Company's variable contracts with guarantees. The Company's variable annuity contracts may offer more than one type of guarantee in each contract; therefore, the sum of amounts listed exceeds the total account balances of variable annuity contracts' separate accounts with guarantees.
($ in millions) |
December 31, 2004 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
In the event of death | ||||
Account value | $ | 14,071 | ||
Net amount at risk(1) | $ | 1,900 | ||
Average attained age of contractholders | 66 years | |||
At annuitization | ||||
Account value | $ | 3,893 | ||
Net amount at risk(2) | $ | 72 | ||
Weighted average waiting period until annuitization options available | 7 years | |||
Accumulation at specified dates | ||||
Account value | $ | 582 | ||
Net amount at risk(3) | $ | | ||
Weighted average waiting period until guarantee date | 11 years |
154
The following table summarizes the liabilities for guarantees:
(in millions) |
Liability for guarantees related to death benefits and interest-sensitive life products |
Liability for guarantees related to income benefits |
Liability for guarantees related to accumulation benefits |
Total |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance at January 1, 2004 | $ | 118 | $ | 41 | $ | | $ | 159 | ||||||
Less reinsurance recoverables | (12 | ) | (2 | ) | | (14 | ) | |||||||
Net balance at January 1, 2004 | 106 | 39 | | 145 | ||||||||||
Incurred guaranteed benefits | 41 | 7 | (1 | ) | 47 | |||||||||
Paid guarantee benefits | (62 | ) | | | (62 | ) | ||||||||
Net change | (21 | ) | 7 | (1 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||
Net balance at December 31, 2004 | 85 | 46 | (1 | ) | 130 | |||||||||
Plus reinsurance recoverables | 10 | | | 10 | ||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2004(1) | $ | 95 | $ | 46 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 140 | |||||
9. Reinsurance
The effects of reinsurance on property-liability premiums written and earned and life and annuity premiums and contract charges for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Property-liability insurance premiums written | ||||||||||
Direct | $ | 25,262 | $ | 23,649 | $ | 22,438 | ||||
Assumed | 1,711 | 1,856 | 1,822 | |||||||
Ceded | (442 | ) | (318 | ) | (343 | ) | ||||
Property-liability insurance premiums written, net of reinsurance | $ | 26,531 | $ | 25,187 | $ | 23,917 | ||||
Property-liability insurance premiums earned | ||||||||||
Direct | $ | 24,574 | $ | 23,132 | $ | 21,894 | ||||
Assumed | 1,814 | 1,843 | 1,804 | |||||||
Ceded | (399 | ) | (298 | ) | (337 | ) | ||||
Property-liability insurance premiums earned, net of reinsurance | $ | 25,989 | $ | 24,677 | $ | 23,361 | ||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | ||||||||||
Direct | $ | 2,628 | $ | 2,655 | $ | 2,645 | ||||
Assumed | 52 | 134 | 129 | |||||||
Ceded | (608 | ) | (485 | ) | (481 | ) | ||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges, net of reinsurance | $ | 2,072 | $ | 2,304 | $ | 2,293 | ||||
Property-liability
Total amounts recoverable from reinsurers at December 31, 2004 and 2003 were $2.73 billion and $1.90 billion, respectively. The amounts recoverable from reinsurers at December 31, 2004 and 2003 include $150 million and $170 million, respectively, related to property-liability losses paid by the Company
155
and billed to reinsurers, and $2.58 billion and $1.73 billion, respectively, estimated by the Company with respect to ceded unpaid losses (including IBNR), which are not billable until the losses are paid.
Reinsurance recoverable from industry pools and facilities on paid and unpaid claims including IBNR at December 31, 2004 and 2003 include $831 million and $560 million, respectively, recoverable from the Michigan Catastrophic Claim Association ("MCCA"). The MCCA established in 1978, is a mandatory reinsurance mechanism for personal injury protection losses over a retention level that increases each MCCA fiscal year. The retention levels are $325 thousand per claim and $350 thousand per claim for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004 and 2005, respectively. The MCCA is funded by assessments from member companies who, in turn, can recover the assessment from policyholders.
The Company purchases reinsurance after evaluating the financial condition of the reinsurer, as well as the terms and price of coverage. Developments in the insurance industry have fostered a movement to segregate environmental, asbestos and other discontinued lines exposures into separate legal entities with dedicated capital. Regulatory bodies in certain cases have supported these actions. The Company is unable to determine the impact, if any, that these developments will have on the collectibility of reinsurance recoverables in the future. Reinsurance recoverables from asbestos and environmental and other reinsurers include $236 million and $112 million of recoverables from Lloyd's of London at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Lloyd's of London implemented a restructuring plan in 1996 to solidify its capital base and to segregate claims for years prior to 1993. In addition, efforts have been recently made by Lloyd's of London to impose increased documentation standards on reinsurance claims. The impact, if any, of the restructuring and related actions on the collectibility of the recoverable from Lloyd's of London is uncertain at this time. The recoverable from Lloyd's of London syndicates is spread among thousands of investors who have unlimited liability.
Estimates of gross qualifying personal property losses for Charley, Frances and Ivan exceed the $312 million per occurrence FHCF retention, thus permitting 90% reimbursement of qualifying losses up to an estimated maximum total for this season of $991 million. Reinsurance recoverables at December 31, 2004 include $486 million recoverable from the FHCF for qualifying property losses related to these hurricanes. There was no reinsurance recoverable outstanding from the FHCF at December 31, 2003. In the event of a qualifying catastrophe in the 2005 hurricane season, the Company also has access to reimbursement provided by the FHCF for 90% of hurricane losses in excess of approximately the first $342 million for each storm, up to an aggregate of $985 million (90% of approximately $1,094 million) in a single hurricane season, and $1.97 billion total reimbursement over two hurricane seasons.
In 2004, Allstate Floridian Insurance Company ("Floridian") entered into two reinsurance contracts to cover losses from future catastrophic events in the state of Florida through May 2005. Allstate Protection also entered into several three-year cancellable excess of loss reinsurance contracts in 2004 through broker transactions to reinsure personal property losses for business written in certain states. There were no reinsurance recoverables outstanding from these reinsurers at December 31, 2004.
In connection with the Company's acquisition of the personal lines auto and homeowners business ("Encompass") of CNA Financial Corporation ("CNA") in 1999, Allstate and Continental Casualty Company ("Continental"), a subsidiary of CNA, entered into a four-year aggregate stop loss reinsurance agreement. In connection with this reinsurance agreement, the Company had reinsurance recoverables from Continental on paid and unpaid losses of $190 million as of December 31, 2003. There was no amount outstanding in connection with this agreement at December 31, 2004. Additionally, in connection with the sale of the Company's reinsurance business to SCOR U.S. Corporation in 1996, the Company entered into a reinsurance agreement for the associated post-1984 reinsurance liabilities.
With the exception of industry pools and facilities and the recoverable balances from Lloyd's of London, FHCF and Continental discussed above, the largest reinsurance recoverable balance the
156
Company had outstanding was $87 million from Employers' Reinsurance Company at both December 31, 2004 and 2003. No other amount due or estimated to be due from any single property-liability reinsurer was in excess of $52 million and $57 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance was $230 million and $101 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and is primarily related to the Company's discontinued lines and coverages segment. There were $9 million and $1 million of deductions related to previous year provisions in 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Allstate Financial
The Company's Allstate Financial segment reinsures certain of its risks to other insurers primarily under yearly renewable term, coinsurance, and coinsurance with funds withheld agreements. These agreements result in a passing of the agreed-upon percentage of risk to the reinsurer in exchange for negotiated reinsurance premium payments. Coinsurance with funds withheld is similar to coinsurance except that the cash and investments that support the liability for contract benefits are not transferred to the assuming company and settlements are made on a net basis between the companies. Allstate Financial cedes 100% of the morbidity risk on its long-term care contracts. Allstate Financial ceded specified percentages of the mortality risk on certain life policies, depending upon the issue date and product, to a pool of thirteen unaffiliated reinsurers. Since November 1998, Allstate Financial ceded mortality risk on new life contracts that exceeded $2 million per life for individual coverage. For business sold prior to October 1998, Allstate Financial ceded mortality risk in excess of specific amounts up to $1 million per life for individual coverage. Also, on certain in-force variable annuity contracts Allstate Financial cedes 100% of the mortality and certain other risks related to product features.
In addition, Allstate Financial has used reinsurance to effect the acquisition or disposition of certain blocks of business. As of December 31, 2004, Allstate Financial ceded $169 million to subsidiaries of Citigroup and Scottish Re (U.S.) Inc. in connection with the disposition of substantially all of the direct response distribution business (see Note 3).
As of December 31, 2004, the gross life insurance in force was $431.60 billion of which $210.01 billion was ceded to the unaffiliated reinsurers.
Reinsurance recoverables at December 31 are summarized in the following table.
|
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid claims |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||
Life insurance | $ | 1,010 | $ | 836 | ||
Long-term care | 315 | 180 | ||||
Other | 271 | 201 | ||||
Total Allstate Financial | $ | 1,596 | $ | 1,217 | ||
At December 31, 2004 and 2003, approximately 81% and 97%, respectively, of reinsurance recoverables are due from companies rated A- or better by S&P.
157
10. Deferred Policy Acquisition and Sales Inducement Costs
Deferred policy acquisition costs for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
|
2004 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Allstate Financial |
Property- Liability |
Total |
|||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 3,517 | $ | 1,325 | $ | 4,842 | ||||
Impact of adoption of SOP 03-1(1) | (134 | ) | | (134 | ) | |||||
Disposition of operation(2) | (238 | ) | | (238 | ) | |||||
Acquisition costs deferred | 918 | 4,009 | 4,927 | |||||||
Amortization charged to income | (591 | ) | (3,874 | ) | (4,465 | ) | ||||
Effect of unrealized gains and losses | 36 | | 36 | |||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 3,508 | $ | 1,460 | $ | 4,968 | ||||
|
2003 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Allstate Financial |
Property- Liability |
Total |
|||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 3,205 | $ | 1,180 | $ | 4,385 | ||||
Acquisition costs deferred | 816 | 3,665 | 4,481 | |||||||
Amortization charged to income | (538 | ) | (3,520 | ) | (4,058 | ) | ||||
Effect of unrealized gains and losses | 34 | | 34 | |||||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 3,517 | $ | 1,325 | $ | 4,842 | ||||
|
2002 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Allstate Financial |
Property- Liability |
Total |
|||||||
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 3,286 | $ | 1,135 | $ | 4,421 | ||||
Acquisition costs deferred | 742 | 3,261 | 4,003 | |||||||
Amortization charged to income | (478 | ) | (3,216 | ) | (3,694 | ) | ||||
Effect of unrealized gains and losses | (345 | ) | | (345 | ) | |||||
Balance, end of year | $ | 3,205 | $ | 1,180 | $ | 4,385 | ||||
Amortization charged to income includes $120 million, $46 million and $2 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, due to realized capital gains and losses.
158
In 2004, DSI and related amortization is classified within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and Operations as other assets and interest credited to contractholder funds, respectively. Deferred sales inducement activity for Allstate Financial for the twelve months ended December 31, 2004 was as follows:
(in millions) |
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Balance, January 1, 2004(1) | $ | 99 | ||
Sales inducements deferred | 55 | |||
Amortization charged to income | (45 | ) | ||
Effects of unrealized gains and losses | 25 | |||
Balance, December 31, 2004 | $ | 134 | ||
11. Capital Structure
Debt outstanding
Total debt outstanding at December 31 consisted of the following:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.875% Senior Notes, due 2005(1) | $ | 900 | $ | 902 | |||
5.375% Senior Notes, due 2006(1) | 540 | 545 | |||||
7.20% Senior Notes, due 2009(1) | 750 | 750 | |||||
6.125% Senior Notes, due 2012(1) | 350 | 350 | |||||
5.00% Senior Notes, due 2014(1) | 650 | | |||||
6.125% Senior Notes, due 2032(1) | 250 | 250 | |||||
5.350% Senior Notes, due 2033(1) | 400 | 400 | |||||
7.83% Junior Subordinated Debentures, due 2045, callable | 200 | 200 | |||||
7.50% Debentures, due 2013 | 250 | 250 | |||||
6.75% Senior Debentures, due 2018 | 250 | 250 | |||||
6.90% Senior Debentures, due 2038 | 250 | 250 | |||||
Synthetic lease VIE obligations, floating rates, due 2006 | 117 | 112 | |||||
Investment management VIE obligations, floating rates, due 2013 | 279 | 691 | |||||
Structured investment security VIE obligations, due 2007 | 47 | 45 | |||||
Floating rate notes, due 2012 to 2017, callable | 57 | 77 | |||||
Other various notes, due 2008 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Total long-term debt | 5,291 | 5,073 | |||||
Short-term debt(2) | 43 | 3 | |||||
Total debt | $ | 5,334 | $ | 5,076 | |||
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Total debt outstanding by maturity at December 31 consisted of the following:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Due within one year or less | $ | 943 | $ | 3 | ||
Due after one year through 5 years | 1,455 | 1,605 | ||||
Due after 5 years through 10 years | 1,541 | 2,064 | ||||
Due after 10 years through 20 years | 295 | 304 | ||||
Due after 20 years | 1,100 | 1,100 | ||||
Total debt | $ | 5,334 | $ | 5,076 | ||
In 2004, the Company issued $650 million of 5.00% senior notes due 2014, the net proceeds of which will be used for general corporate purposes, including to facilitate the repayment of a portion of the $900 million of 7.875% senior notes due 2005 at their scheduled maturity on May 1, 2005.
In 2003, the Company issued $400 million of 5.350% senior notes due 2033, the net proceeds of which were used to redeem the $300 million of 6.75% notes due in 2003 and for general corporate purposes.
In 1996, the Company issued junior subordinated debentures to Allstate Financing II ("AF II"), a VIE, which used the junior subordinated debentures as collateral to issue $200 million of 7.83% mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust ("trust preferred securities") to unrelated third party investors. Pursuant to the adoption of FIN 46 on July 1, 2003, the Company is not required to consolidate the VIE because the Company owns none of the variable interests issued by the VIE. AF II issued 200,000 shares of trust preferred securities at $1,000 per share. The sole assets of AF II are junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company. The junior subordinated debentures held by AF II will mature on December 1, 2045 and are redeemable by the Company at a liquidation value of $1,039 per share in whole or in part beginning on December 1, 2006, at which time the trust preferred securities are callable. The liquidation value per share gradually declines each year and remains at a liquidation value of $1,000 per share on December 1, 2016. Dividends on the trust preferred securities are cumulative, payable semi-annually in arrears, and are deferrable at the Company's option for up to 5 years. The obligations of the Company with respect to the junior subordinated debentures and related instruments constitute full and unconditional guarantees by the Company of AF II's obligations under the trust preferred securities, including the payment of the liquidation or redemption price and any accumulated and unpaid interest and yield enhancements, but only to the extent of funds held by the trust.
Allstate will be prohibited from paying dividends on its common stock and any preferred stock that it may issue, or repurchasing capital stock if the Company elects to defer dividend payments on these preferred securities. Dividends on the preferred securities have been reported as interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the twelve months of 2004 and the last six months of 2003, and were classified as minority interest and reported as dividends on preferred securities of subsidiary trust in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during 2002 and the first six months of 2003.
Pursuant to the adoption of FIN 46 in 2003, the Company is the primary beneficiary of a consolidated VIE used to acquire a headquarters office building and up to 38 automotive collision repair stores ("synthetic lease VIE"). The Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position include $117 million and $112 million of property and equipment, net, and long-term debt as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Beginning July 1, 2003, payments previously reported as operating costs and expenses are classified as interest expense.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company was also the primary beneficiary of two previously unconsolidated investment management VIEs and, as a result of consolidation pursuant to FIN 46R, the
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Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment gain of approximately $3 million, after-tax, in 2003. In February 2004, the Company disposed of a portion of its equity investment in one of the consolidated investment management VIEs, which resulted in deconsolidation of that VIE in the first quarter of 2004 (see Note 3). The Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position include $304 million and $725 million of assets ($296 million and $663 million of which are classified as investments) and long-term debt of $279 million and $691 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Despite the consolidation of the debt issued by the investment management VIEs, those investors have no recourse to the equity of the Company as the sole source of payment of the liabilities is the assets of the investment management VIEs. Allstate's maximum loss exposure related to its investment in the investment management VIEs is the current carrying value of its equity investment, which totaled $11 million and $12 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
The Company is also the primary beneficiary of a consolidated structured investment security VIE. The Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position include $54 million and $53 million of investments and long term debt of $47 million and $45 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The holders of the consolidated long-term debt have no recourse to the equity of the Company as the sole source of payment is the assets of the VIE.
To manage short-term liquidity, Allstate can issue commercial paper, draw on its credit facilities, and engage in securities repurchase and resale agreements (see Note 2). The Company currently maintains two credit facilities as a potential source of funds for The Allstate Corporation, AIC and ALIC. These include a $1 billion five-year revolving line of credit expiring in 2009 and a $50 million one-year revolving line of credit expiring in 2005. The five-year facility contains an increase provision that would make up to an additional $500 million available for borrowing provided the increased portion could be fully syndicated at a later date among existing or new lenders. The right to borrow from the five-year facility is subject to a requirement to maintain a 37.5% debt to capital resources ratio as defined in the agreements. Although the right to borrow under the five-year facility is not subject to a minimum rating requirement, the costs of maintaining the five-year facility and borrowing under it are based on the ratings of our senior, unsecured, nonguaranteed long-term debt. No amounts were outstanding under any of these lines of credit during 2004 and 2003. The Company had $43 million of commercial paper outstanding at December 31, 2004 with a weighted average interest rate of 2.22% and no outstanding balance as of December 31, 2003. The Company paid $301 million, $269 million and $269 million of interest on debt in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
At December 31, 2004, the Company may issue up to an additional $2.15 billion of debt securities, equity securities, warrants for debt and equity securities, trust preferred securities, stock purchase contracts and stock purchase units under the $2.80 billion shelf registration filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2003.
Capital stock
The Company had 900 million shares of issued common stock of which 683 million were outstanding and 217 million were held in treasury as of December 31, 2004. In 2004, the Company repurchased 29.4 million shares at an average cost of $46.78.
Shareholder rights agreement
In 2003, the Company terminated its Shareholder Rights Agreement and redeemed the "Rights" at a price of $0.01 per Right (approximately $7 million), which was paid on January 2, 2004. The Rights Agreement, under which all shareholders received a dividend distribution of one Right on each outstanding share of the Company's common stock, would have expired on February 12, 2009.
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12. Company Restructuring
Restructuring and related charges include employee termination and relocation benefits, post-exit rent expenses, and a non-cash charge resulting from pension benefit payments made to agents in connection with the 1999 reorganization of Allstate's multiple agency programs to a single exclusive agency program.
In 2003, the Company completed the restructuring program initiated in 2001 to improve the efficiency of its claims handling and certain other back-office processes primarily through a consolidation and reconfiguration of field claim offices, customer information centers and satellite offices ("2001 program"). The 2001 program resulted in a reduction of the total number of field claim offices and an increase in the average size of individual claim offices. In addition, two customer information centers and two satellite offices were closed. As part of the 2001 program, employees working in facilities selected for closure were given the option to either relocate or collect severance benefits. The Company realized approximately $175 million of annual pre-tax expense savings as a result of implementing the 2001 program.
In addition, the Company undertakes various initiatives to reduce expenses and/or increase productivity ("other programs"). The other programs generally involve a reduction in staffing levels, and in certain cases, office closures.
The following table illustrates the inception to date change in the restructuring liability at December 31, 2004:
(in millions) |
Employee costs |
Exit costs |
Total liability |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001 program: | |||||||||||
2001 program liability at inception | $ | 17 | $ | 79 | $ | 96 | |||||
Net adjustments to liability | 5 | (8 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||
Payments applied against the liability | (22 | ) | (69 | ) | (91 | ) | |||||
2001 program liability at December 31, 2004 | | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Other programs: |
|||||||||||
Other programs liability at inception | 35 | 17 | 52 | ||||||||
Payments applied against the liability | (21 | ) | (10 | ) | (31 | ) | |||||
Other programs liability at December 31, 2004 | 14 | 7 | 21 | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2004 | $ | 14 | $ | 9 | $ | 23 | |||||
In 2004, the Company eliminated the remaining $10 million of an accrual established in prior years for post-exit rent expenses as a result of the Company's ability to occupy the previously vacant leased space for the remainder of the lease term.
The payments applied against the liability for employee costs primarily reflect severance costs, and the payments for exit costs generally consist of post-exit rent expenses and contract termination penalties.
13. Commitments, Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities
Leases
The Company leases certain office facilities and computer equipment. Total rent expense for all leases was $367 million, $367 million and $425 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
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Minimum rental commitments under noncancelable capital and operating leases with an initial or remaining term of more than one year as of December 31, 2004 are as follows:
(in millions) |
Capital leases |
Operating leases |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | $ | 2 | $ | 220 | ||
2006 | 2 | 163 | ||||
2007 | 2 | 116 | ||||
2008 | 2 | 85 | ||||
2009 | 2 | 70 | ||||
Thereafter | 24 | 162 | ||||
$ | 34 | $ | 816 | |||
Present value of minimum lease payments | $ | 18 | ||||
California Earthquake Authority
Exposure to certain potential losses from earthquakes in California is limited by the Company's participation in the California Earthquake Authority ("CEA"), which provides insurance for California earthquake losses. The CEA is a privately-financed, publicly-managed state agency created to provide insurance coverage for earthquake damage. Insurers selling homeowners insurance in California are required to offer earthquake insurance to their customers either through their company or by participation in the CEA. The Company's homeowners policies continue to include coverages for losses caused by explosions, theft, glass breakage and fires following an earthquake, which are not underwritten by the CEA.
Should losses arising from an earthquake cause a deficit in the CEA, additional funding would be obtained through assessments on participating insurance companies and reinsurance proceeds. Participating insurers are required to pay an assessment, currently estimated not to exceed $2.18 billion, if the capital of the CEA falls below $350 million. Participating insurers are required to pay a second assessment, currently estimated not to exceed $1.46 billion, if aggregate CEA earthquake losses exceed $5.14 billion and the capital of the CEA falls below $350 million. At December 31, 2004, the CEA's capital balance was approximately $1.81 billion. If the CEA assesses its member insurers for any amount, the amount of future assessments on members is reduced by the amounts previously assessed. To date, the only assessment made by the CEA has been its initial assessment paid by participating insurers beginning in 1996. The authority of the CEA to assess participating insurers for the first assessment expires when it has completed twelve years of operation, at year-end 2008. All future assessments on participating CEA insurers are based on their CEA insurance market share as of December 31 of the preceding year. As of December 31, 2003, the Company's share of the CEA was 23%. Allstate does not expect its CEA market share to materially change. At this level, the Company's maximum possible CEA assessment would be $830 million. However, Allstate does not expect its portion of these additional contingent assessments, if any, to exceed $498 million, its share of the first assessment. This is based on the low likelihood of an event exceeding the CEA claims paying capacity of $5.14 billion, and therefore the need for a second assessment is remote. Management believes Allstate's exposure to earthquake losses in California has been significantly reduced as a result of its participation in the CEA.
Florida hurricane assessments
Floridian and Allstate Floridian Indemnity Company ("AFI") sell and service Allstate's Florida residential property policies and have access to reimbursements on certain qualifying Florida hurricane
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losses (see Note 9), as well as exposure to assessments from the FHCF. The FHCF has the authority to issue bonds to pay its obligations to participating insurers in excess of its capital balances, which are funded by assessments on all property and casualty premiums in the state, except workers' compensation, medical malpractice and accident and health insurance. By law, these assessments are the obligation of insurance policyholders, which insurance companies must collect. The FHCF assessments are limited to 6% of premiums per year beginning the first year in which reimbursements require bonding, and up to a total of 10% of premiums per year for assessments in the second and subsequent years, if required to fund additional bonding. Upon the order of the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation ("FL OIR"), companies are required to collect the FHCF assessments directly from residential property policyholders and remit them to the FHCF as they are collected.
In addition, Floridian and AFI are subject to assessments from Citizens Property Insurance Corporation ("Citizens"), which was created by the state of Florida to provide insurance to property owners unable to obtain coverage in the private insurance market. Citizens, at the discretion and direction of its Board of Directors, can levy a Regular Assessment on participating companies for a deficit in any calendar year equal to the greater of 10% of the deficit or 10% of Florida property premiums industry-wide for the prior year. An insurer may recoup a Regular Assessment through a surcharge to policyholders subject to a cap on the amount that can be charged in any one year. A rate filing or any portion of a rate change attributable entirely to an assessment is subject to the FL OIR's statutory authority to review the "adequacy" of any rate at any time. If a deficit remains after the Regular Assessment, Citizens can also fund the remaining deficit by issuing bonds. The costs of these bonds are then funded through Emergency Assessments in subsequent years. Companies are required to collect the Emergency Assessments directly from residential property policyholders and remit them to Citizens as they are collected. Participating companies are obligated to purchase any unsold bonds issued by Citizens. In order to recoup its Citizens assessment, an insurer must file for a policy surcharge with the FL OIR at least 15 days prior to imposing the surcharge on policies.
While facilities such as the FHCF and Citizens are designed so that the ultimate cost is borne by policyholders, the exposure to assessments and the availability of recoveries from these facilities may not offset each other. Moreover, even if they do offset each other, they may not offset each other in the same fiscal period's financial statements. This would be due to the ultimate timing of the assessments and recoupments, as well as the possibility of policies not being renewed in subsequent years. Citizens is expected to report higher losses from the hurricanes that struck Florida in the third quarter of 2004. Its Board of Directors is meeting in March 2005 to review its financial condition and determine if it will assess the industry.
Other hurricane exposure
The Company has also mitigated its ultimate exposure to hurricanes by placing insurance coverage with a third party; examples include insurance coverage in areas of Florida where Floridian and AFI do not write homeowners insurance and in Hawaii for hurricane insurance coverage to a non-affiliated company.
Shared markets
As a condition of maintaining its licenses to write personal property and casualty insurance in various states, the Company is required to participate in assigned risk plans, reinsurance facilities and joint underwriting associations that provide various types of insurance coverage to individuals or entities that otherwise are unable to purchase such coverage from private insurers. Underwriting results related to these arrangements, which tend to be adverse, have been immaterial to the results of operations.
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Guaranty funds
Under state insurance guaranty fund laws, insurers doing business in a state can be assessed, up to prescribed limits, for certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants. The Company's policy is to accrue assessments as the related written premium upon which the assessment is based is written. The Company's expenses related to these funds have totaled $58 million, $61 million and $38 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
PMI runoff support agreement
The Company has certain limited rights and obligations under a capital support agreement ("Runoff Support Agreement") with PMI Mortgage Insurance Company ("PMI"), the primary operating subsidiary of PMI Group. Under the Runoff Support Agreement, the Company would be required to pay claims on PMI policies written prior to October 28, 1994 if PMI fails certain financial covenants and fails to pay such claims. In the event any amounts are so paid, the Company would receive a commensurate amount of preferred stock or subordinated debt of PMI Group or PMI. The Runoff Support Agreement also restricts PMI's ability to write new business and pay dividends under certain circumstances. Management does not believe this agreement will have a material adverse effect on results of operations, liquidity or financial position of the Company.
Guarantees
The Company provides residual value guarantees on Company leased automobiles. If all outstanding leases were terminated effective December 31, 2004, the Company's maximum obligation pursuant to these guarantees, assuming the automobiles have no residual value, would be $19 million at December 31, 2004. The remaining term of each residual value guarantee is equal to the term of the underlying lease that range from less than one year to three years. Historically, the Company has not made any material payments pursuant to these guarantees.
The Company owns certain fixed income securities that obligate the Company to exchange credit risk or to forfeit principal due, depending on the nature or occurrence of specified credit events for the referenced entities. In the event all such specified credit events were to occur, the Company's maximum amount at risk on these fixed income securities, as measured by their par value was $151 million at December 31, 2004. The obligations associated with these fixed income securities expire at various times during the next seven years.
Lincoln Benefit Life Company ("LBL"), a wholly owned subsidiary of ALIC, has issued universal life insurance contracts to third parties who finance the premium payments on the universal life insurance contracts through a commercial paper program. LBL has issued a repayment guarantee on the outstanding commercial paper balance that is fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the universal life insurance contracts. At December 31, 2004, the amount due under the commercial paper program is $301 million and the cash surrender value of the policies is $305 million. The repayment guarantee expires April 30, 2006.
In the normal course of business, the Company provides standard indemnifications to counterparties in contracts in connection with numerous transactions, including acquisitions and divestitures. The types of indemnifications typically provided include indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties, taxes and certain other liabilities, such as third party lawsuits. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms and were entered into in the normal course of business based on an assessment that the risk of loss would be remote. The terms of the indemnifications vary in duration and nature. In many cases, the maximum obligation is not explicitly stated and the contingencies triggering
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the obligation to indemnify have not occurred and are not expected to occur. Consequently, the maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications is not determinable. Historically, the Company has not made any material payments pursuant to these obligations.
The aggregate liability balance related to all guarantees was not material as of December 31, 2004.
Regulation
The Company is subject to changing social, economic and regulatory conditions. Recent state and federal regulatory initiatives and proceedings have included efforts to influence and restrict premium rates in a manner adverse to insurers, restrict the ability of insurers to cancel policies, limit insurers' ability to impose underwriting standards, impose additional regulations regarding agent and broker compensation and otherwise expand overall regulation of insurance products and the insurance industry. The ultimate changes and eventual effects of these initiatives on the Company's business, if any, are uncertain.
Regulatory bodies have contacted various subsidiaries of the Company and have requested information relating to variable insurance products, including such areas as market timing and late trading and sales practices. The Company believes that these inquiries are similar to those made to many financial services companies as part of an industry-wide investigation by various regulatory agencies into the practices, policies and procedures relating to variable insurance products sales and subaccount trading practices. The various subsidiaries of the Company have and will continue to respond to these information requests and investigations. The Company at the present time is not aware of any systemic problems with respect to such matters that may have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position.
Legal proceedings
Background
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are named as defendants in a number of lawsuits and other legal proceedings arising out of various aspects of its business. As background to the "Proceedings" sub-section below, please note the following:
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they can seek without risking removal from state court to federal court. In our experience, monetary demands in plaintiffs' court pleadings bear little relation to the ultimate loss, if any, to the Company.
Proceedings
There are two active nationwide class action lawsuits against Allstate regarding its specification of after-market (non-original equipment manufacturer) replacement parts in the repair of insured vehicles. One of these suits alleges that the specification of such parts constitutes breach of contract and fraud, and this suit mirrors to a large degree lawsuits filed against other carriers in the industry. These plaintiffs allege that after-market parts are not "of like kind and quality" as required by the insurance policy, and they are seeking actual and punitive damages. The Company has been vigorously defending this lawsuit, but its outcome is uncertain. In the second lawsuit, plaintiffs allege that Allstate and three co-defendants have violated federal antitrust laws by conspiring to manipulate the price of auto physical damage coverages in such a way that not all savings realized by the use of aftermarket parts are passed on to the policyholders. These plaintiffs seek actual and treble damages. In November 2002, a nationwide class was certified in this case. The defendants filed a petition to appeal the class certification. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals did not reach the question of class certification, but ruled in favor of the defendants and ordered the lower court to dismiss the case on the grounds that under the McCarran-Ferguson Act, the defendants' alleged actions are not covered by the federal antitrust laws. The plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration, which was denied by the court on January 25, 2005. The Company is awaiting further actions, if any, by the plaintiffs.
There are several statewide and nationwide class action lawsuits pending against Allstate alleging that its failure to pay "inherent diminished value" to insureds under the collision, comprehensive, uninsured motorist property damage, or auto property damage liability provisions of auto policies constitutes breach of contract and fraud. Plaintiffs define "inherent diminished value" as the difference between the market value of the insured automobile before an accident and the market value after repair. Plaintiffs allege that they are entitled to the payment of inherent diminished value under the terms of the policy. To a large degree, these lawsuits mirror similar lawsuits filed against other carriers in the industry. These lawsuits are pending in various state and federal courts, and they are in various stages of development. Classes have been certified in only two cases. Both are multi-state class actions. A trial in one of these multi-state class action cases involving collision and comprehensive coverage concluded on April 29, 2004, with a jury verdict in favor of the Company. The plaintiffs made a motion for a new trial, which was denied, and have now filed an appeal from the judgment. In the other certified class action lawsuit, which involves uninsured motorist property damage coverage, the appellate court has granted the Company's petition for review of the order of certification. The Company has been vigorously defending all of these lawsuits and, since 1998, has been implementing policy language in more than 40 states
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reaffirming that its collision and comprehensive coverages do not include diminished value claims. The outcome of these disputes remains uncertain.
There are a number of state and nationwide class action lawsuits pending in various state courts challenging the legal propriety of Allstate's medical bill review processes on a number of grounds, including, among other things, the manner in which Allstate determines reasonableness and necessity. One nationwide class action has been certified. These lawsuits, which to a large degree mirror similar lawsuits filed against other carriers in the industry, allege these processes result in a breach of the insurance policy as well as fraud. Plaintiffs seek monetary damages in the form of contractual and extra-contractual damages. The Company denies those allegations and has been vigorously defending these lawsuits. The outcome of these disputes is currently uncertain.
A number of nationwide and statewide putative class actions are pending against Allstate, which challenge Allstate's use of certain automated database vendors in valuing total loss automobiles. To a large degree, these lawsuits mirror similar lawsuits filed against other carriers in the industry. Plaintiffs allege that flaws in these databases result in valuations to the detriment of insureds. The plaintiffs are seeking actual and punitive damages. The lawsuits are in various stages of development and Allstate has been vigorously defending them, but the outcome of these disputes is currently uncertain.
The Company is defending a putative nationwide class action that alleges that the Company discriminates against non-Caucasian policyholders, through underwriting and rate-making practices including the use of credit by charging them higher premiums. The plaintiffs seek both monetary relief, in the form of actual and punitive damages, and equitable relief, in the form of injunctive and other remedies. The Company is also defending a putative statewide class action challenging its use of credit under certain state insurance statutes. These plaintiffs seek monetary and equitable relief. The Company removed the case to Federal Court. Plaintiff's motion to remand to state court was denied and is now being appealed. The Company denies these allegations and has been vigorously defending these lawsuits. The outcome of these disputes is currently uncertain.
Allstate is defending various lawsuits involving worker classification issues. These lawsuits include a number of putative class actions and one certified class action challenging the overtime exemption claimed by the Company under the Fair Labor Standards Act or state wage and hour laws. In the one certified class action, the trial court has found Allstate liable and the case will proceed to trial on damages. In these cases, Plaintiffs seek monetary relief, such as penalties and liquidated damages, and non-monetary relief, such as injunctive relief and an accounting. These class actions mirror similar lawsuits filed recently against other carriers in the industry and other employers. A putative nationwide class action filed by former employee agents also includes a worker classification issue; these agents are challenging certain amendments to the Agents Pension Plan and are seeking to have exclusive agent independent contractors treated as employees for benefit purposes. This matter was dismissed with prejudice in late March 2004 by the trial court but is the subject of further proceedings on appeal. Allstate has been vigorously defending these and various other worker classification lawsuits. The outcome of these disputes is currently uncertain.
The Company is defending certain matters relating to the Company's agency program reorganization announced in 1999. These matters include a lawsuit filed in December 2001 by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") alleging retaliation under federal civil rights laws, a class action filed in August 2001 by former employee agents alleging retaliation and age discrimination under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, breach of contract and ERISA violations, and a lawsuit filed in October 2004 by the EEOC alleging age discrimination with respect to a policy limiting the rehire of agents affected by the agency program reorganization. The Company is also defending another action, in which a class was certified in June 2004, filed by former employee agents who terminated their employment prior to the agency program reorganization. These plaintiffs have asserted claims under
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ERISA and for constructive discharge, and are seeking the benefits provided in connection with the reorganization. In late March 2004, in the first EEOC lawsuit and class action lawsuit, the trial court issued a memorandum and order that, among other things, certified classes of agents, including a mandatory class of agents who had signed a release, for purposes of effecting the court's declaratory judgment that the release is voidable at the option of the release signer. The court also ordered that an agent who voids the release must return to Allstate "any and all benefits received by the [agent] in exchange for signing the release." The court also "concluded that, on the undisputed facts of record, there is no basis for claims of age discrimination." The EEOC and plaintiffs have asked the court to clarify and/or reconsider its memorandum and order. The case otherwise remains pending. A putative nationwide class action has also been filed by former employee agents alleging various violations of ERISA. This matter was dismissed with prejudice in late March 2004 by the trial court but is the subject of further proceedings on appeal. In these matters, plaintiffs seek compensatory and punitive damages, and equitable relief. Allstate has been vigorously defending these lawsuits and other matters related to its agency program reorganization. In addition, Allstate is defending certain matters relating to its life agency program reorganization announced in 2000. These matters include an investigation by the EEOC with respect to allegations of age discrimination and retaliation. Allstate is cooperating with the agency investigation and will continue to vigorously defend these and other claims related to the life agency program reorganization. The outcome of these disputes is currently uncertain.
The Company is defending a number of lawsuits brought by plaintiffs challenging trading restrictions the Company adopted in an effort to limit market-timing activity in its variable annuity sub-accounts. In one case, plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment on their breach of contract claims was granted and the matter will proceed to trial on damages. In these various lawsuits, plaintiffs seek a variety of remedies including monetary and equitable relief. The Company has been vigorously defending these matters, but their outcome is currently uncertain.
Other Matters
The Company and some of its agents and subsidiaries have received interrogatories and demands to produce information from several regulatory and enforcement authorities. These authorities are seeking information relevant to on-going investigations into the possible violation of antitrust or insurance laws by unnamed parties and, in particular, are seeking information as to whether any person engaged in activities for the purpose of price fixing, market allocation, or bid rigging. Published press reports have indicated that numerous demands of this nature have been sent to insurance companies as part of industry-wide investigations. The Company has cooperated and intends to continue to cooperate with these and any similar requests for information.
Various other legal and regulatory actions are currently pending that involve the Company and specific aspects of its conduct of business. Like other members of the insurance industry, the Company is the target of a number of class action lawsuits and other types of litigation, some of which involve claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts. This litigation is based on a variety of issues and targets a range of the Company's practices. The outcome of these disputes is currently unpredictable. However, at this time, based on their present status, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate liability, if any, in one or more of these other actions in excess of amounts currently reserved is not expected to have a material effect on the results of operations, liquidity or financial position of the Company.
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Establishing net loss reserves for asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines claims is subject to uncertainties that are greater than those presented by other types of claims. Among the complications are lack of historical data, long reporting delays, uncertainty as to the number and identity of insureds with potential exposure, unresolved legal issues regarding policy coverage, unresolved legal issues regarding the determination, availability and timing of exhaustion of policy limits, evolving and expanding theories of liability, availability and collectibility of recoveries from reinsurance, retrospectively determined premiums and other contractual agreements, and estimating the extent and timing of any contractual liability, and other uncertainties. There are complex legal issues concerning the interpretation of various insurance policy provisions and whether those losses are covered, or were ever intended to be covered, and could be recoverable through retrospectively determined premium, reinsurance or other contractual agreements. Courts have reached different and sometimes inconsistent conclusions as to when losses are deemed to have occurred and which policies provide coverage; what types of losses are covered; whether there is an insurer obligation to defend; how policy limits are determined; how policy exclusions and conditions are applied and interpreted; and whether clean-up costs represent insured property damage. Management believes these issues are not likely to be resolved in the near future, and the ultimate cost may vary materially from the amounts currently recorded resulting in an increase in loss reserves.
Allstate's reserves for asbestos claims were $1.46 billion and $1.08 billion, net of reinsurance recoverables of $963 million and $504 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Reserves for environmental claims were $232 million and $257 million, net of reinsurance recoverables of $49 million and $58 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Approximately 62% and 60% of the total net asbestos and environmental reserves at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, were for incurred but not reported estimated losses.
Management believes its net loss reserves for environmental, asbestos and other discontinued lines exposures are appropriately established based on available facts, technology, laws and regulations. However, due to the inconsistencies of court coverage decisions, unresolved legal issues regarding policy coverage, unresolved legal issues regarding the determination, availability and timing of exhaustion of policy limits, plaintiffs' evolving and expanded theories of liability, the risks inherent in major litigation, availability and collectibility of recoveries from reinsurance, retrospectively determined premiums and other contractual agreements, and estimating the extent and timing of any contractual liability, and other uncertainties, the ultimate cost of these claims may vary materially from the amounts currently recorded, resulting in an increase in loss reserves. In addition, while the Company believes that improved actuarial techniques and databases have assisted in its ability to estimate asbestos, environmental, and other discontinued lines net loss reserves, these refinements may subsequently prove to be inadequate indicators of the extent of probable losses. Due to the uncertainties and factors described above, management believes it is not practicable to develop a meaningful range for any such additional net loss reserves that may be required.
14. Income Taxes
The Company and its eligible domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Tax liabilities and benefits realized by the consolidated group are allocated as generated by the respective entities. Tax liabilities and benefits of ineligible domestic subsidiaries are computed separately based on taxable income of the individual subsidiary and reported on separate federal tax returns.
The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has completed its review of the Company's federal income tax returns through the 1996 tax year. Any adjustments that may result from IRS examinations of tax returns
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are not expected to have a material impact on the financial position, liquidity or results of operations of the Company.
The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deferred assets | |||||||||
Discount on loss reserves | $ | 444 | $ | 452 | |||||
Unearned premium reserves | 675 | 620 | |||||||
Life and annuity reserves | 975 | 734 | |||||||
Other postretirement benefits | 264 | 249 | |||||||
Other assets | 478 | 488 | |||||||
Total deferred assets | 2,836 | 2,543 | |||||||
Deferred liabilities | |||||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | (1,557 | ) | (1,549 | ) | |||||
Unrealized net capital gains | (1,609 | ) | (1,679 | ) | |||||
Pension | (267 | ) | (237 | ) | |||||
Other liabilities | (232 | ) | (181 | ) | |||||
Total deferred liabilities | (3,665 | ) | (3,646 | ) | |||||
Net deferred liability | $ | (829 | ) | $ | (1,103 | ) | |||
Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, will be realized based on the assumption that certain levels of income will be achieved. The total amount of the valuation allowance reducing deferred tax assets was $2 million and $8 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
The components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current | $ | 1,280 | $ | 538 | $ | (8 | ) | ||||
Deferred | (50 | ) | 308 | 73 | |||||||
Total income tax expense | $ | 1,230 | $ | 846 | $ | 65 | |||||
The Company paid income taxes of $1.21 billion and $279 million in 2004 and 2003, respectively, and received net income tax refunds of $14 million in 2002. The Company had a current income tax payable of $145 million and $125 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate on income from operations for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statutory federal income tax rate | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | |
Tax-exempt income | (7.4 | ) | (9.1 | ) | (20.0 | ) | |
Adjustment to prior year tax liabilities | (0.2 | ) | (1.6 | ) | (8.5 | ) | |
Other | (0.6 | ) | (0.6 | ) | (2.2 | ) | |
Effective income tax rate | 26.8 | % | 23.7 | % | 4.3 | % | |
171
Prior to January 1, 1984, ALIC and certain other life insurance subsidiaries included in the Allstate Financial segment were entitled to exclude certain amounts from taxable income and accumulate such amounts in a "policyholder surplus" account. Pursuant to the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 ("the 2004 Act"), ALIC and the affected subsidiaries can reduce the policyholders surplus account in 2005 and 2006 without incurring any tax liability. The aggregate balance in this account at December 31, 2004 was $103 million, which prior to the 2004 Act would have resulted in federal income taxes payable of $36 million if such amounts had been distributed or deemed distributed from the policyholders surplus account. No provision for taxes has ever been made for this item since the affected subsidiaries had no intention of distributing such amounts. ALIC and the affected subsidiaries expect to utilize this provision, thereby eliminating or substantially reducing this potential tax liability.
15. Statutory Financial Information
Allstate's domestic property-liability and life insurance subsidiaries prepare their statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. Prescribed statutory accounting practices include a variety of publications of the NAIC, as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. Permitted statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices not so prescribed.
All states require domiciled insurance companies to prepare statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual ("Codification"), subject to any deviations prescribed or permitted by the applicable insurance commissioner and/or director.
Statutory accounting practices primarily differ from GAAP since they require charging policy acquisition and certain sales inducement costs to expense as incurred, establishing life insurance reserves based on different actuarial assumptions, and valuing investments and establishing deferred taxes on a different basis.
Statutory net income and capital and surplus of Allstate's domestic insurance subsidiaries, determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by insurance regulatory authorities are as follows:
|
Net income |
Capital and Surplus |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||
Amounts by major business type: | ||||||||||||||||
Property-Liability | $ | 3,334 | $ | 2,976 | $ | 1,626 | $ | 13,111 | $ | 12,541 | ||||||
Allstate Financial | 294 | 605 | 92 | 3,804 | 3,746 | |||||||||||
Amount per statutory accounting practices | $ | 3,628 | $ | 3,581 | $ | 1,718 | $ | 16,915 | $ | 16,287 | ||||||
The Property-Liability statutory capital and surplus balances above exclude wholly-owned subsidiaries included in the Allstate Financial segment.
Dividends
The ability of the Company to pay dividends is dependent on business conditions, income, cash requirements of the Company, receipt of dividends from AIC and other relevant factors. The payment of shareholder dividends by AIC without the prior approval of the state insurance regulator is limited to formula amounts based on net income and capital and surplus, determined in conformity with statutory accounting practices, as well as the timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. Notification and approval of inter-company lending activities is also required by the Illinois Department of
172
Insurance ("IL DOI") for transactions that exceed a level that is based on a formula using statutory admitted assets and statutory surplus.
In the twelve-month period beginning January 1, 2004, AIC paid dividends of $2.49 billion, which was less than the maximum amount allowed under Illinois insurance law, without the prior approval of the IL DOI based on 2003 formula amounts. Based on 2004 AIC statutory net income, the maximum amount of dividends AIC will be able to pay without prior IL DOI approval at a given point in time during 2005 is $3.86 billion, less dividends paid during the preceding twelve months measured at that point in time.
16. Benefit Plans
Pension and other postretirement plans
Defined benefit pension plans cover most full-time employees, certain part-time employees and employee-agents. Benefits under the pension plans are based upon the employee's length of service and eligible annual compensation. A cash balance formula was added to the Allstate Retirement Plan effective January 1, 2003. All eligible employees hired before August 1, 2002 were provided with a one-time opportunity to choose between the cash balance formula and the final average pay formula. The cash balance formula applies to all eligible employees hired after August 1, 2002.
The Company also provides certain health care and life insurance subsidies for employees hired before January 1, 2003 when they retire ("Postretirement benefits"). Qualified employees may become eligible for these benefits if they retire in accordance with the Company's established retirement policy and are continuously insured under the Company's group plans or other approved plans in accordance with the plan's participation requirements. The Company shares the cost of the retiree medical benefits with retirees based on years of service, with the Company's share being subject to a 5% limit on annual medical cost inflation after retirement. The Company has the right to modify or terminate these plans.
Obligations and funded status
The Company calculates benefit obligations based upon generally accepted actuarial methodologies using the projected benefit obligation ("PBO") for pension plans and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for other postretirement plans. The determination of pension costs and other postretirement obligations as of December 31 are determined using an October 31 measurement date. The benefit obligations are the actuarial present value of all benefits attributed to employee service rendered. The PBO is measured using the pension benefit formula and assumptions as to future compensation levels. A plan's funded status is calculated as the difference between the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. The Company's funding policy for the pension plans is to make annual contributions in accordance with regulations under the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") and in accordance with generally accepted actuarial principles. The Company's postretirement benefit plans are not funded.
173
A reconciliation of the plans' funded status to amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31 is as follows:
|
Pension benefits |
Postretirement benefits |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets | $ | 3,983 | $ | 3,437 | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Benefit obligation | 4,981 | 4,317 | 1,244 | 1,163 | |||||||||||
Funded status | (998 | ) | (880 | ) | (1,244 | ) | (1,163 | ) | |||||||
Amounts not recognized: | |||||||||||||||
Unamortized prior service cost | (27 | ) | (32 | ) | (14 | ) | (16 | ) | |||||||
Unrecognized net actuarial loss | 2,333 | 2,044 | 290 | 277 | |||||||||||
Net amount recognized | $ | 1,308 | $ | 1,132 | $ | (968 | ) | $ | (902 | ) | |||||
Prepaid benefit costs | $ | 980 | $ | 814 | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Accrued benefit cost | (279 | ) | (243 | ) | (968 | ) | (902 | ) | |||||||
Intangible assets | 8 | 9 | | | |||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 599 | 552 | | | |||||||||||
Net amount recognized | $ | 1,308 | $ | 1,132 | $ | (968 | ) | $ | (902 | ) | |||||
The majority of the $2.33 billion and $2.04 billion of unrecognized net actuarial pension benefit losses in 2004 and 2003, respectively, reflect the effect of increases in the PBO resulting from decreases in the discount rate as well as the impact of unfavorable equity market conditions on the value of the pension plan assets in prior years. Allstate amortizes its excess unrecognized net actuarial losses over the average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits.
The accumulated benefit obligation ("ABO") for all defined benefit pension plans was $4.14 billion and $3.62 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The ABO is the actuarial present value of all benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee service rendered. However, it differs from the PBO due to the exclusion of an assumption as to future compensation levels. A minimum pension liability is recognized as a reduction to accumulated other comprehensive income when the ABO exceeds the fair value of plan assets. In 2004, the minimum pension liability increased by $30 million, after-tax, and was reported as a decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income. In 2003, the Company recorded a decrease in the minimum pension liability of $461 million, after-tax, which was reported as an increase to accumulated other comprehensive income.
The PBO, ABO, and fair value of plan assets for the Company pension plans with an ABO in excess of plan assets were $1.09 billion, $1.04 billion, and $758 million, respectively as of December 31, 2004, and $945 million, $934 million, and $692 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2003.
Included in the accrued benefit cost of the pension benefits are certain unfunded non-qualified plans with accrued benefit costs of $116 million and $83 million for 2004 and 2003, respectively.
174
The changes in benefit obligations for all plans for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
|
Pension benefits |
Postretirement benefits |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||
Change in benefit obligation | |||||||||||||
Benefit obligation, beginning of year | $ | 4,317 | $ | 3,684 | $ | 1,163 | $ | 1,032 | |||||
Service cost | 157 | 134 | 28 | 18 | |||||||||
Interest cost | 268 | 254 | 71 | 71 | |||||||||
Participant contributions | 1 | 1 | 39 | 32 | |||||||||
Actuarial loss | 496 | 472 | 27 | 91 | |||||||||
Benefits paid | (266 | ) | (250 | ) | (86 | ) | (84 | ) | |||||
Translation adjustment and other | 8 | 22 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
Benefit obligation, end of year | $ | 4,981 | $ | 4,317 | $ | 1,244 | $ | 1,163 | |||||
Benefits paid include lump sum distributions, a portion of which may trigger settlement accounting treatment.
Components of net periodic cost
The components of net periodic cost for all plans for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
|
Pension benefits |
Postretirement benefits |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 157 | $ | 134 | $ | 123 | $ | 28 | $ | 18 | $ | 16 | ||||||||
Interest cost | 268 | 254 | 233 | 71 | 71 | 67 | ||||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (288 | ) | (221 | ) | (306 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
Amortization of: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Prior service costs | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | 5 | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||||
Unrecognized transition obligation | | (1 | ) | 1 | | | | |||||||||||||
Net loss | 121 | 92 | 11 | 14 | 8 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Settlement loss | 41 | 43 | 59 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Net periodic cost | $ | 296 | $ | 298 | $ | 126 | $ | 112 | $ | 96 | $ | 87 | ||||||||
Assumptions
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net pension cost and net postretirement benefit cost for the years ended December 31 are:
|
Pension benefits |
Postretirement benefits |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
Weighted average discount rate | 6.25 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.25 | % | 6.25 | % | 7.0 | % | 7.25 | % | |
Rate of increase in compensation levels | 4.0-4.5 | 4.0-5.0 | 4.0-5.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||||||
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets | 8.5 | 8.5 | 9.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
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Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, based on an October 31 measurement date, are:
|
Pension benefits |
Postretirement benefits |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
Discount rate | 5.75 | % | 6.25 | % | 5.75 | % | 6.25 | % | |
Rate of increase in compensation levels | 4.0-4.5 | 4.0-5.0 | n/a | n/a |
The weighted average health care cost trend rate used in measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit cost is 10.50% for 2005, gradually declining to 5.50% in 2010 and remaining at that level thereafter.
Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement health care plans. A one percentage-point increase in assumed health care cost trend rates would increase the total of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost of other postretirement benefits and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation by $6 million and $62 million, respectively. A one percentage-point decrease in assumed health care cost trend rates would decrease the total of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost of other postretirement benefits and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation by $8 million and $54 million, respectively.
Plan Assets
The pension plans target percentage of plan assets at 2004 and the actual percentage of plan assets, by asset category at December 31 are as follows:
|
Target percentage of plan assets |
Percentage of plan assets |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asset Category |
||||||||
2004 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||
Equity securities | 66 | % | 62 | % | 63 | % | ||
Fixed income securities | 29 | 31 | 32 | |||||
Real estate | 1 | 1 | | |||||
Other | 4 | 6 | 5 | |||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on plan assets. This assumption is reviewed annually giving consideration to appropriate financial data including, but not limited to, the plan asset allocation, the period over which benefits will be paid, historical returns on plan assets and other relevant market data. As of the 2004 measurement date, the arithmetic average of the annual actual return on plan assets for the most recent 10 and 5 years was 10.8% and 1.7%, respectively. This is consistent with the allocation used to determine the long-term return on plan assets assumption at December 31, 2004 and 2003 of 8.5%.
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The change in pension plan assets for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
|
Pension benefits |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year | $ | 3,437 | $ | 2,322 | |||
Actual return on plan assets | 340 | 475 | |||||
Employer contribution | 468 | 871 | |||||
Benefits paid | (266 | ) | (250 | ) | |||
Translation adjustment and other | 4 | 19 | |||||
Fair value of plan assets, end of year | $ | 3,983 | $ | 3,437 | |||
Cash Flows
There was no minimum funding requirement under the IRC for the tax qualified pension plans as of December 31, 2004. The company currently plans to contribute $71 million to its pension plans in 2005. This plan is subject to revision at the discretion of management.
The Company contributed to the postretirement benefit plans $47 million and $51 million in 2004 and 2003, respectively. The Company estimates that it will contribute $59 million for its postretirement benefit plans in 2005. Contributions by participants to the postretirement benefit plans were $39 million and $32 million for the years ending December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
Estimated future benefit payments expected to be paid in the next ten years based on the assumptions used to measure the Company's benefit obligation at December 31, 2004 are as follows:
(in millions) |
Pension benefits |
Postretirement benefits |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | $ | 188 | $ | 59 | |||
2006 | 204 | 62 | |||||
2007 | 230 | 66 | |||||
2008 | 268 | 68 | |||||
2009 | 323 | 72 | |||||
2010-2014 | 2,182 | 407 | |||||
Total benefit payments | $ | 3,395 | $ | 734 | |||
Profit sharing plans
Employees of the Company, with the exception of those employed by the Company's Canadian subsidiaries and Sterling, are eligible to become members of The Savings and Profit Sharing Fund of Allstate Employees ("Allstate Plan"). The Company's contributions are based on the Company's matching obligation and performance. The Allstate Plan includes an ESOP to pre-fund a portion of the Company's anticipated contribution. In connection with the Allstate Plan, the Company has a note from the ESOP with a current principal balance of $70 million. The ESOP note has a fixed interest rate of 7.9% and matures in 2019.
177
The Company's contribution to the Allstate Plan was $112 million, $125 million and $120 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. These amounts were reduced by the ESOP benefit computed for the years ended December 31 as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interest expense recognized by ESOP | $ | 6 | $ | 8 | $ | 10 | ||||
Less dividends accrued on ESOP shares | (14 | ) | (14 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||
Cost of shares allocated | 17 | 24 | 27 | |||||||
9 | 18 | 11 | ||||||||
Reduction of defined contribution due to ESOP | 107 | 128 | 120 | |||||||
ESOP benefit | $ | (98 | ) | $ | (110 | ) | $ | (109 | ) | |
The Company contributed $24 million, $34 million and $10 million to the ESOP in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. At December 31, 2004, total committed to be released, allocated and unallocated ESOP shares were 2 million, 26 million, and 11 million, respectively.
Allstate has profit sharing plans for eligible employees of its Canadian insurance subsidiaries and Sterling. Profit sharing expense for these plans is not significant.
17. Equity Incentive Plans
The Company has three equity incentive plans which permit the Company to grant nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted or unrestricted shares of the Company's stock and restricted stock units to certain employees and directors of the Company. A maximum of 78.1 million shares of common stock will be subject to awards under the plans, subject to adjustment in accordance with the plans' terms. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, 22.7 million and 26.9 million shares, respectively, were reserved and remained available for future issuance under these plans. To date, the Company has not issued incentive stock options. During 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company issued 0.6 million, 1.1 million and ..1 million shares of restricted stock, respectively, to employees under the plans. The weighted average grant date fair value of these restricted shares was $45.98, $32.00 and $37.20 as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Generally, the restricted shares unrestrict in full on the fourth anniversary of the grant date, with awards subject to forfeiture upon termination (other than termination due to retirement, upon which shares continue to unrestrict as provided for in the original grant).
The Company records compensation expense for the restricted shares over the vesting period and the unamortized cost of the restricted shares is included in deferred compensation expense as a component of shareholders' equity. In 2003, the Company began prospectively expensing the fair value of all stock options granted on or after January 1, 2003 in accordance with SFAS 148 (see Note 2). Options are granted under the plans at exercise prices equal to the fair value of the Company's common stock on the applicable grant date. The options granted under the Allstate plans generally vest ratably over a three or four-year period. The options granted may be exercised once vested and will expire ten years after the date of grant.
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The changes in stock options for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(number of shares in thousands) |
2004 |
Weighted average exercise price |
2003 |
Weighted average exercise price |
2002 |
Weighted average exercise price |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beginning balance | 32,597 | $ | 34.12 | 31,957 | $ | 33.57 | 25,544 | $ | 32.96 | |||||||||
Granted | 4,272 | 45.93 | 4,724 | 32.28 | 8,508 | 33.52 | ||||||||||||
Exercised | (7,560 | ) | 31.32 | (3,198 | ) | 25.34 | (1,263 | ) | 20.42 | |||||||||
Canceled or expired | (608 | ) | 35.67 | (886 | ) | 35.90 | (832 | ) | 34.53 | |||||||||
Ending balance | 28,701 | 36.59 | 32,597 | 34.12 | 31,957 | 33.57 | ||||||||||||
Exercisable | 16,440 | 35.30 | 18,448 | 34.11 | 16,026 | 32.40 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average fair value (at grant date) for options granted during the year | $ | 12.10 | $ | 8.08 | $ | 8.81 |
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for grants in 2004, 2003 and 2002; dividend yield of 2.4%, 2.7% and 2.5%, respectively; volatility factor of 30%; risk-free interest rate of 3.28%, 3.15% and 4.94%, respectively; and expected life of six years.
Information on the range of exercise prices for options outstanding as of December 31, 2004 is as follows:
(number of shares in thousands) |
Options outstanding |
Options exercisable |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range of exercise prices |
Number outstanding at 12/31/2004 |
Weighted average exercise price |
Weighted average remaining contractual life |
Number exercisable at 12/31/2004 |
Weighted average exercise price |
|||||||
$12.82 - $26.69 | 3,088 | $ | 25.12 | 4.48 years | 3,088 | $ | 25.12 | |||||
$27.44 - $33.38 | 9,732 | 32.74 | 7.33 | 3,402 | 32.96 | |||||||
$34.50 - $42.00 | 9,826 | 38.87 | 5.15 | 8,097 | 38.49 | |||||||
$42.25 - $50.79 | 6,055 | 44.92 | 7.31 | 1,853 | 42.64 | |||||||
28,701 | 36.59 | 6.27 | 16,440 | 35.30 | ||||||||
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The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share as if the fair value based method, adopted prospectively by the Company on January 1, 2003, had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards in each period:
(in millions except per share data) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net income, as reported | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | |||||
Add: Employee stock option expense included in reported net income, after-tax | 14 | 9 | | ||||||||
Deduct: Total employee stock option expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, after-tax | (40 | ) | (40 | ) | (40 | ) | |||||
Pro forma net income | $ | 3,155 | $ | 2,674 | $ | 1,094 | |||||
Earnings per sharebasic |
|||||||||||
As reported | $ | 4.57 | $ | 3.85 | $ | 1.60 | |||||
Pro forma | 4.54 | 3.80 | 1.55 | ||||||||
Earnings per sharediluted | |||||||||||
As reported | 4.54 | 3.83 | 1.60 | ||||||||
Pro forma | 4.51 | 3.79 | 1.54 |
18. Business Segments
Allstate management is organized around products and services, and this structure is considered in the identification of its four reportable segments. These segments and their respective operations are as follows:
Allstate Protection sells principally private passenger auto and homeowners insurance in the United States and Canada. Revenues generated outside the United States were $622 million, $596 million and $509 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The Company evaluates the results of this segment based upon underwriting results.
Discontinued Lines and Coverages consists of business no longer written by Allstate, including results from environmental, asbestos and other discontinued lines exposures, and certain commercial and other business in run-off. This segment also includes the historical results of the commercial and reinsurance businesses sold in 1996. The Company evaluates the results of this segment based upon underwriting results.
Allstate Financial sells life insurance, retirement and investment products to individual and institutional customers. Individual retail products include traditional life, interest-sensitive life, supplemental accident and health insurance, variable life, long-term care insurance, variable and fixed annuities and funding agreements. Banking products and services are also offered to customers through the Allstate Bank. The principal institutional product is funding agreements backing medium-term notes. Revenues generated outside the United States were immaterial with respect to Allstate Financial total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002. The Company evaluates the results of this segment based upon operating income.
Corporate and Other comprises holding company activities and certain non-insurance operations.
Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages together comprise Property-Liability. The Company does not allocate Property-Liability investment income, realized capital gains and losses, or assets to the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments. Management reviews assets at the Property-Liability, Allstate Financial, and Corporate and Other levels for decision-making purposes.
180
The accounting policies of the business segments are the same as those described in Note 2. The effects of certain inter-segment transactions are excluded from segment performance evaluation and therefore eliminated in the segment results.
Measuring segment profit or loss
The measure of segment profit or loss used by Allstate's management in evaluating performance is underwriting income (loss) for the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments and operating income (loss) for Allstate Financial and Corporate and Other segments. A reconciliation of these measures to income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax, is provided below.
Underwriting income (loss) is calculated as premiums earned, less claims and claims expenses ("losses"), amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses, and restructuring and related charges as determined using GAAP.
Operating income (loss) is income (loss) before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax, excluding:
181
Summarized revenue data for each of the Company's business segments for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenues | ||||||||||||
Property-Liability | ||||||||||||
Property-liability insurance premiums | ||||||||||||
Standard Auto | $ | 15,498 | $ | 14,601 | $ | 13,861 | ||||||
Non-standard auto | 1,984 | 2,238 | 2,502 | |||||||||
Auto | 17,482 | 16,839 | 16,363 | |||||||||
Homeowners | 5,878 | 5,386 | 4,745 | |||||||||
Other | 2,623 | 2,439 | 2,243 | |||||||||
Allstate Protection | 25,983 | 24,664 | 23,351 | |||||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 6 | 13 | 10 | |||||||||
Total property-liability insurance premiums | 25,989 | 24,677 | 23,361 | |||||||||
Net investment income | 1,773 | 1,677 | 1,656 | |||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | 592 | 288 | (496 | ) | ||||||||
Total Property-Liability | 28,354 | 26,642 | 24,521 | |||||||||
Allstate Financial |
||||||||||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | ||||||||||||
Traditional Life | 321 | 388 | 403 | |||||||||
Immediate annuities with life contingencies | 316 | 413 | 416 | |||||||||
Accident, health and other | 408 | 564 | 552 | |||||||||
Total life and annuity premiums | 1,045 | 1,365 | 1,371 | |||||||||
Interest-sensitive life | 729 | 688 | 672 | |||||||||
Fixed annuities | 52 | 37 | 32 | |||||||||
Variable annuities | 246 | 206 | 212 | |||||||||
Institutional products | | 8 | 6 | |||||||||
Total contract charges | 1,027 | 939 | 922 | |||||||||
Total life and annuity premiums and contract charges | 2,072 | 2,304 | 2,293 | |||||||||
Net investment income | 3,410 | 3,233 | 3,121 | |||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | 1 | (85 | ) | (432 | ) | |||||||
Total Allstate Financial | 5,483 | 5,452 | 4,982 | |||||||||
Corporate and Other |
||||||||||||
Service fees | 12 | 13 | 40 | |||||||||
Net investment income | 101 | 62 | 72 | |||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses | (2 | ) | (7 | ) | 4 | |||||||
Total Corporate and Other before reclassification of service fees | 111 | 68 | 116 | |||||||||
Reclassification of service fees(1) | (12 | ) | (13 | ) | (40 | ) | ||||||
Total Corporate and Other | 99 | 55 | 76 | |||||||||
Consolidated Revenues | $ | 33,936 | $ | 32,149 | $ | 29,579 | ||||||
182
Summarized financial performance data for each of the Company's reportable segments for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | |||||||||||||
Property-Liability | |||||||||||||
Underwriting income (loss) | |||||||||||||
Allstate Protection | $ | 2,468 | $ | 1,903 | $ | 497 | |||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | (638 | ) | (571 | ) | (234 | ) | |||||||
Total underwriting income | 1,830 | 1,332 | 263 | ||||||||||
Net investment income | 1,773 | 1,677 | 1,656 | ||||||||||
Income tax expense on operations | 955 | 682 | 290 | ||||||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | 397 | 192 | (314 | ) | |||||||||
Gain on disposition of operations, after-tax | | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||
Property-Liability income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 3,045 | 2,522 | 1,321 | ||||||||||
Allstate Financial |
|||||||||||||
Life and annuity premiums and contract charges | 2,072 | 2,304 | 2,293 | ||||||||||
Net investment income | 3,410 | 3,233 | 3,121 | ||||||||||
Periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative financial instruments | 49 | 23 | 5 | ||||||||||
Contract benefits and interest credited to contractholder funds | 3,601 | 3,697 | 3,534 | ||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses and amortization of deferred acquisition costs | 1,105 | 1,164 | 1,125 | ||||||||||
Restructuring and related charges | 5 | 7 | 2 | ||||||||||
Income tax expense on operations | 269 | 243 | 202 | ||||||||||
Operating income | 551 | 449 | 556 | ||||||||||
Loss on disposition of operations, after-tax | (6 | ) | (29 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | (3 | ) | (53 | ) | (287 | ) | |||||||
Reclassification of periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments, after-tax | (32 | ) | (15 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||
DAC and DSI amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | (89 | ) | (30 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||
Allstate Financial income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 421 | 322 | 261 | ||||||||||
Corporate and Other |
|||||||||||||
Service fees(1) | 12 | 13 | 40 | ||||||||||
Net investment income | 101 | 62 | 72 | ||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses | 330 | 291 | 322 | ||||||||||
Income tax benefit on operations | (109 | ) | (102 | ) | (100 | ) | |||||||
Operating loss | (108 | ) | (114 | ) | (110 | ) | |||||||
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax | (2 | ) | (5 | ) | 3 | ||||||||
Corporate and Other loss before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | (110 | ) | (119 | ) | (107 | ) | |||||||
Consolidated income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | $ | 3,356 | $ | 2,725 | $ | 1,475 | |||||||
183
Additional significant financial performance data for each of the Company's reportable segments for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | |||||||||||
Property-Liability | $ | 3,874 | $ | 3,520 | $ | 3,216 | |||||
Allstate Financial | 591 | 538 | 478 | ||||||||
Consolidated | $ | 4,465 | $ | 4,058 | $ | 3,694 | |||||
Income tax expense | |||||||||||
Property-Liability | $ | 1,150 | $ | 780 | $ | 112 | |||||
Allstate Financial | 189 | 170 | 52 | ||||||||
Corporate and Other | (109 | ) | (104 | ) | (99 | ) | |||||
Consolidated | $ | 1,230 | $ | 846 | $ | 65 | |||||
In 2004, the Company wrote down $108 million of DAC and $16 million of DSI due to the adoption of SOP 03-1 (see Note 2). In addition, the Company recorded $45 million of amortization related to DSI in 2004.
Interest expense is primarily incurred in the Corporate and Other segment. Capital expenditures for long-lived assets are generally made in the Property-Liability segment. A portion of these long-lived assets are used by entities included in the Allstate Financial and Corporate and Other segments, and accordingly, are charged expenses in proportion to their use.
Summarized data for total assets and investments for each of the Company's reportable segments as of December 31 are as follows:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assets | ||||||||||
Property-Liability | $ | 52,458 | $ | 49,191 | $ | 43,812 | ||||
Allstate Financial | 94,274 | 82,890 | 72,566 | |||||||
Corporate and Other | 2,993 | 2,061 | 1,048 | |||||||
Consolidated | $ | 149,725 | $ | 134,142 | $ | 117,426 | ||||
Investments | ||||||||||
Property-Liability | $ | 40,267 | $ | 37,859 | $ | 34,253 | ||||
Allstate Financial | 72,530 | 62,895 | 55,264 | |||||||
Corporate and Other | 2,733 | 2,327 | 1,133 | |||||||
Consolidated | $ | 115,530 | $ | 103,081 | $ | 90,650 | ||||
184
19. Other Comprehensive Income
The components of other comprehensive income (loss) on a pretax and after-tax basis for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
Pretax |
Tax |
After- tax |
Pretax |
Tax |
After- tax |
Pretax |
Tax |
After- tax |
|||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized net holding gains arising during the period | $ | 416 | $ | (145 | ) | $ | 271 | $ | 961 | $ | (336 | ) | $ | 625 | $ | 370 | $ | (129 | ) | $ | 241 | |||||||
Less: reclassification adjustment | 627 | (219 | ) | 408 | 157 | (55 | ) | 102 | (881 | ) | 309 | (572 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized net capital gains (losses) | (211 | ) | 74 | (137 | ) | 804 | (281 | ) | 523 | 1,251 | (438 | ) | 813 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments | 40 | (14 | ) | 26 | 60 | (21 | ) | 39 | (9 | ) | 3 | (6 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized minimum pension liability adjustments | (46 | ) | 16 | (30 | ) | 710 | (249 | ) | 461 | (1,134 | ) | 397 | (737 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (217 | ) | $ | 76 | $ | (141 | ) | $ | 1,574 | $ | (551 | ) | $ | 1,023 | $ | 108 | $ | (38 | ) | $ | 70 | ||||||
20. Quarterly Results (unaudited)
|
First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions except per share data) |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 8,311 | $ | 7,861 | $ | 8,304 | $ | 7,899 | $ | 8,442 | $ | 8,127 | $ | 8,879 | $ | 8,262 | ||||||||
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 1,124 | 668 | 1,034 | 590 | 56 | 692 | 1,142 | 775 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | 949 | 665 | 1,034 | 588 | 56 | 691 | 1,142 | 761 | ||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share-Basic: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 1.60 | 0.95 | 1.47 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 1.65 | 1.09 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | 1.35 | 0.95 | 1.47 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.98 | 1.65 | 1.08 | ||||||||||||||||
Earnings per share-Diluted: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income before dividends on preferred securities and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, after-tax | 1.59 | 0.94 | 1.47 | 0.84 | 0.09 | 0.98 | 1.64 | 1.09 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | 1.34 | 0.94 | 1.47 | 0.84 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 1.64 | 1.08 |
185
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND
SHAREHOLDERS OF THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION
We have audited the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Position of The Allstate Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related Consolidated Statements of Operations, Comprehensive Income, Shareholders' Equity, and Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004. We also have audited management's assessment, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements, an opinion on management's assessment, and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management's assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that
186
the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, management's assessment that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on the criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for certain nontraditional long-duration contracts and separate accounts in 2004, method of accounting for stock-based compensation, embedded derivatives in modified coinsurance agreements, and variable interest entities in 2003 and method of accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets in 2002.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Chicago,
Illinois
February 24, 2005
187
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with or submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act is made known to management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 based on the criteria related to internal control over financial reporting described in "Internal ControlIntegrated Framework" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2004.
Our management's assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that issued an attestation report on management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2004, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
The following disclosures relate to actions taken by the Board of Directors of The Allstate Corporation and the Compensation and Succession Committee of the Board on February 22, 2005 and would otherwise have been filed during the first fiscal quarter of 2005 on a Form 8-K under the heading "Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement:"
188
addition, the Compensation and Succession Committee granted the following restricted stock unit (RSU) awards under the 2001 Equity Incentive Plan to the company's named executive officers: Edward M. Liddy, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, 35,083 RSUs; Danny L. Hale, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, 9,097 RSUs; Ronald D. McNeil, Senior Vice President, Allstate Protection Product Distribution, 6,009 RSUs; Robert W. Pike, Vice President and Secretary, 8,847 RSUs; and Thomas J. Wilson, II, President, Allstate Protection, 16,818 RSUs.
The Committee approved performance goals and target awards for 2005. The same performance goals and target awards apply to both the Covered Employee Plan and Executive Plan. For the chief executive officer and executive officers in corporate functions, there are two equally-weighted goals. One is based on an adjusted operating income per diluted share measure as approved by the Committee. The other goal is based on combined business unit results.
For Allstate Protection executive officers, their award opportunity is based on five performance goals, weighted as follows: 50% based on a matrix that measures the results of premium growth, policy growth and combined ratio; 15% based on a matrix measuring sales of Allstate Financial products by Allstate exclusive agencies; 10% based on expense ratio reduction; 15% based on a measure of customer loyalty; and 10% based on the corporate adjusted operating income per diluted share measure.
For the Allstate Financial executive officer, there are six performance goals, weighted as follows: 30% based on adjusted Allstate Financial operating income; 20% based on expense management; 15% based on new traditional life premiums; 15% based on annuity sales; 10% based on profitability of new sales; and 10% based on the corporate adjusted operating income per diluted share measure.
For the executive officer in the Investments business unit, there are four performance goals, weighted as follows: 45% based on property/casualty portfolio total return; 35% on Allstate Financial spread volume goal; 10% on Allstate Financial portfolio loss reduction; and 10% based on the corporate adjusted operating income per diluted share measure.
Threshold, target and maximum levels of performance are established for each performance goal. If the maximum level of performance is achieved, the award would be three times the executive officer's target award, with target awards ranging from 70% to 120% of annual salary for the fiscal year.
189
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Information regarding directors of The Allstate Corporation is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference to the descriptions in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Items to be Voted OnItem 1. Election of Directors."
Information regarding our audit committee and audit committee financial experts is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference to the discussion of director independence in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Corporate Governance PracticesDeterminations of Independence of Nominees for Election" and to the discussion of the audit committee in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Corporate Governance PracticesBoard Structure, Meetings and Board CommitteesAudit Committee."
Information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference to "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Proxy Statement.
Information regarding executive officers of The Allstate Corporation is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference to Part I, Item 1 of this report under the caption "Executive Officers."
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and controller. The text of our code of ethics is posted on our Internet website, allstate.com.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required for Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the sections of the Proxy Statement with the following captions:
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated in this Item 12 by reference to the sections of the Proxy Statement with the following captions:
190
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table includes information as of December 31, 2004 with respect to The Allstate Corporation's equity compensation plans:
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plan Category |
Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) |
|
|||
|
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
|
|||
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders(1) | 28,700,832 | $36.588 | 22,725,965(2) | ||||
Total |
28,700,832 |
$36.588 |
22,725,965 |
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Information required for Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the material in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Certain Transactions."
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information required for Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the material in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Items to be Voted OnItem 2. Ratification of Appointment of Independent Public Accountants."
191
Item 15 (a) (1) Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The following consolidated financial statements, notes thereto and related information of The Allstate Corporation (the "Company") are included in Item 8.
Consolidated Statements of Operations |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
Quarterly Results |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Item 15 (a) (2)
The following additional financial statement schedules and report of independent registered public accounting firm are furnished herewith pursuant to the requirements of Form 10-K.
The Allstate Corporation |
Page |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Schedules required to be filed under the provisions of Regulation S-X Article 7: | ||||
Schedule I |
Summary of InvestmentsOther than Investments in Related Parties |
S-1 |
||
Schedule II | Condensed Financial Information of The Allstate Corporation (Registrant) | S-2 | ||
Schedule III | Supplementary Insurance Information | S-6 | ||
Schedule IV | Reinsurance | S-7 | ||
Schedule V | Valuation Allowances and Qualifying Accounts | S-8 | ||
Schedule VI | Supplementary Information Concerning Consolidated Property-Liability Insurance Operations | S-9 | ||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | S-10 |
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or not required, or because the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or in notes thereto.
Item 15. (a) (3)
The following is a list of the exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-K. The exhibit numbers followed by an asterisk (*) indicate exhibits that are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. The SEC File Number for the exhibits incorporated by reference is 1-11840.
3(i) | Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on February 4, 1999, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999 | |
3(ii) |
Amended and Restated By-Laws of The Allstate Corporation effective September 10, 2001, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001 |
|
192
4(iii) |
The Allstate Corporation hereby agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, the instruments defining the rights of holders of each issue of long-term debt of it and its consolidated subsidiaries. |
|
10.1 |
Credit Agreement dated as of June 4, 2004, among The Allstate Corporation, Allstate Insurance Company, Allstate Life Insurance Company, as borrowers; the Lenders party thereto; JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Syndication Agent; Bank of America, N.A., Citibank, N.A. and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as Documentation Agents; and the Bank of New York, as Administrative Agent, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004 |
|
10.2* |
The Allstate Corporation Annual Covered Employee Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective March 9, 2004, incorporated herein by reference to Appendix E to The Allstate Corporation Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement dated March 26, 2004 |
|
10.3* |
The Allstate Corporation Annual Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated as of March 9, 2004, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 |
|
10.4* |
The Allstate Corporation Annual Incentive PlansPerformance Goals and Target Awards for 2004 and 2005 |
|
10.5* |
The Allstate Corporation Long-Term Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective March 9, 2004, incorporated herein by reference to Appendix F to The Allstate Corporation Notice of Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement dated March 26, 2004 |
|
10.6* |
The Allstate Corporation Long-Term Executive Incentive Compensation PlanPerformance Goals and Target Awards for the Current Cycles |
|
10.7* |
The Allstate Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated as of May 28, 2004, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004 |
|
10.8* |
The Allstate Corporation 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, effective May 15, 2001, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 |
|
10.9* |
Amendment approved by the Board of Directors on March 9, 2004 to The Allstate Corporation 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 |
|
10.10* |
Form of Executive Officer Option Award Agreement dated May 15, 2001 under The Allstate Corporation 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 |
|
10.11* |
Form of Executive Officer Option Award Agreement under The Allstate Corporation 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2003 |
|
10.12* |
Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Award Agreement under The Allstate Corporation 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2003 |
|
10.13* |
Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under The Allstate Corporation 2001 Equity Incentive Plan |
|
193
10.14* |
The Allstate Corporation Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of November 10, 1998, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1998 |
|
10.15* |
Amendments approved by the Board of Directors on March 3, 1999 and March 13, 2001 to The Allstate Corporation Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of November 10, 1998, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 |
|
10.16* |
Form of stock option under The Allstate Corporation Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1999 |
|
10.17* |
Form of stock option with reload under The Allstate Corporation Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1999 |
|
10.18* |
Form of restricted stock grant under The Allstate Corporation Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1999 |
|
10.19* |
The Allstate Corporation Employees Replacement Stock Plan, as amended and restated on November 10, 1998, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1998 |
|
10.20* |
Amendments approved by the Board of Directors on March 3, 1999 and March 13, 2001 to The Allstate Corporation Employees Replacement Stock Plan, as amended and restated on November 10, 1998, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 |
|
10.21* |
Form of stock option under The Allstate Corporation Employees Replacement Stock Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1995 |
|
10.22* |
Allstate Insurance Company Supplemental Retirement Income Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 1996, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1995 |
|
10.23* |
Retirement Benefits of Edward M. Liddy, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2003 |
|
10.24* |
CEO Change of Control Employment Agreement, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999 |
|
10.25* |
Form of Other Executive Officer Change of Control Employment AgreementTier One, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to The Allstate Corporation quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999 |
|
10.26* |
Form of Other Executive Officer Change of Control Employment AgreementTier One, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2002 |
|
10.27* |
Form of Other Executive Officer Change of Control Employment AgreementTier Two, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2003 |
|
10.28* |
Summary of Named Executive Officers' Salaries for 2005 |
|
10.29* |
Letter dated December 9, 2002 to Danny L. Hale, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2003 |
|
194
10.30* |
Letter dated July 14, 2002 to Eric A. Simonson, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2003 |
|
10.31* |
Summary of The Allstate Corporation Non-Employee Director Fees |
|
10.32* |
The Allstate Corporation Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended and restated as of February 5, 1997, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 1997 |
|
10.33* |
The Allstate Corporation Equity Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors as amended and restated effective as of November 9, 2004 |
|
11 |
Computation of Earnings per Common Share |
|
12 |
Computation of Earnings to Fixed Charges Ratio |
|
21 |
Subsidiaries of The Allstate Corporation |
|
23 |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
|
31.1 |
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer |
|
31.2 |
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer |
|
32 |
Section 1350 Certification |
Item 15. (b)
The exhibits are listed in Item 15. (a)(3) above.
Item 15. (c)
The financial statement schedules are listed in Item 15. (a)(2) above.
195
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION (Registrant) |
|||
/s/ SAMUEL H. PILCH |
|||
By: | Samuel H. Pilch (chief accounting officer and duly authorized officer of the registrant) |
||
February 22, 2005 |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacity and on the dates indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
/s/ EDWARD M. LIDDY Edward M. Liddy |
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director (Principal Executive Officer) | February 22, 2005 | ||
/s/ DANNY L. HALE Danny L. Hale |
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ F. DUANE ACKERMAN F. Duane Ackerman |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ JAMES G. ANDRESS James G. Andress |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ EDWARD A. BRENNAN Edward A. Brennan |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ W. JAMES FARRELL W. James Farrell |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ JACK M. GREENBERG Jack M. Greenberg |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ RONALD T. LEMAY Ronald T. LeMay |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ J. CHRISTOPHER REYES J. Christopher Reyes |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
196
/s/ H. JOHN RILEY, JR. H. John Riley, Jr. |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ JOSHUA I. SMITH Joshua I. Smith |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ JUDITH A. SPRIESER Judith A. Sprieser |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
||
/s/ MARY ALICE TAYLOR Mary Alice Taylor |
Director |
February 22, 2005 |
197
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE ISUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS
OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
DECEMBER 31, 2004
(in millions) |
Cost/ amortized cost |
Fair value |
Carrying value |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Investment | |||||||||||
Fixed Income Securities, Available for Sale: | |||||||||||
Bonds: | |||||||||||
United States government, government agencies and authorities | $ | 3,120 | $ | 3,967 | $ | 3,967 | |||||
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 24,955 | 26,327 | 26,327 | ||||||||
Foreign governments | 2,334 | 2,700 | 2,700 | ||||||||
Public utilities | 5,343 | 5,902 | 5,902 | ||||||||
Convertibles and bonds with warrants attached | 1,251 | 1,256 | 1,256 | ||||||||
All other corporate bonds | 31,723 | 33,337 | 33,337 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | 9,122 | 9,219 | 9,219 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities | 5,958 | 5,995 | 5,995 | ||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 6,762 | 6,915 | 6,915 | ||||||||
Redeemable preferred stocks | 89 | 97 | 97 | ||||||||
Total fixed income securities | 90,657 | $ | 95,715 | 95,715 | |||||||
Equity Securities: |
|||||||||||
Common Stocks: | |||||||||||
Public utilities | 81 | $ | 118 | 118 | |||||||
Banks, trusts and insurance companies | 584 | 793 | 793 | ||||||||
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other | 3,690 | 4,760 | 4,760 | ||||||||
Nonredeemable preferred stocks | 211 | 224 | 224 | ||||||||
Total equity securities | 4,566 | $ | 5,895 | 5,895 | |||||||
Mortgage loans on real estate |
7,856 |
7,856 |
|||||||||
Derivative instruments | 670 | 660 | |||||||||
Real estate | 23 | 23 | |||||||||
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of debt | 18 | 18 | |||||||||
Policy loans | 1,216 | 1,216 | |||||||||
Short-term investments | 4,133 | 4,133 | |||||||||
Other long term investments | 14 | 14 | |||||||||
Total Investments | $ | 109,153 | $ | 115,530 | |||||||
S-1
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IICONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
|
Year ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Investment income, less investment expense | $ | 4 | $ | 2 | $ | 2 | |||||
Other income | 104 | 106 | 120 | ||||||||
108 | 108 | 122 | |||||||||
Expenses |
|||||||||||
Interest expense | 303 | 297 | 315 | ||||||||
Other operating expenses | 18 | 15 | 13 | ||||||||
321 | 312 | 328 | |||||||||
Loss from operations before income tax benefit and equity in net income of subsidiaries |
(213 |
) |
(204 |
) |
(206 |
) |
|||||
Income tax benefit |
(116 |
) |
(112 |
) |
(115 |
) |
|||||
Loss before equity in net income of subsidiaries | (97 | ) | (92 | ) | (91 | ) | |||||
Equity in net income of subsidiaries |
3,278 |
2,797 |
1,225 |
||||||||
Net income |
$ |
3,181 |
$ |
2,705 |
$ |
1,134 |
|||||
Other comprehensive income, after-tax |
|||||||||||
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |
(137 |
) |
523 |
813 |
|||||||
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments | 26 | 39 | (6 | ) | |||||||
Unrealized minimum pension liability adjustment | (30 | ) | 461 | (737 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income, after-tax | (141 | ) | 1,023 | 70 | |||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ |
3,040 |
$ |
3,728 |
$ |
1,204 |
|||||
See accompanying notes to condensed financial information and notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
S-2
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II (CONTINUED)CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
|
December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions except par value data) |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Assets | |||||||||
Investments in subsidiaries | $ | 25,854 | $ | 24,876 | |||||
Investments | |||||||||
Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost $ and $7) | | 7 | |||||||
Derivative financial instruments | | 1 | |||||||
Short-term | 495 | 90 | |||||||
Total investments | 495 | 98 | |||||||
Cash | | 8 | |||||||
Receivable from subsidiaries | 403 | 345 | |||||||
Other assets | 352 | 165 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 27,104 | $ | 25,492 | |||||
Liabilities |
|||||||||
Short-term debt | $ | 43 | $ | | |||||
Long-term debt | 4,790 | 4,147 | |||||||
Payable to subsidiaries | | 405 | |||||||
Deferred compensation | 169 | 137 | |||||||
Dividends payable to shareholders | 192 | 169 | |||||||
Other liabilities | 87 | 69 | |||||||
Total liabilities | 5,281 | 4,927 | |||||||
Shareholders' Equity |
|||||||||
Preferred stock, $1 par value, 25 million shares authorized, none issued | | | |||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 2.0 billion shares authorized and 900 million issued, 683 million and 704 million shares outstanding | 9 | 9 | |||||||
Additional capital paid-in | 2,685 | 2,614 | |||||||
Retained income | 24,043 | 21,641 | |||||||
Deferred compensation expense | (157 | ) | (194 | ) | |||||
Treasury stock, at cost (217 million and 196 million shares) | (7,372 | ) | (6,261 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income: | |||||||||
Unrealized net capital gains and losses | 2,988 | 3,125 | |||||||
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments | 16 | (10 | ) | ||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment | (389 | ) | (359 | ) | |||||
Total accumulated other comprehensive income | 2,615 | 2,756 | |||||||
Total shareholders' equity | 21,823 | 20,565 | |||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 27,104 | $ | 25,492 | |||||
See accompanying notes to condensed financial information and notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
S-3
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II (CONTINUED)CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
Year ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 3,181 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 1,134 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||
Equity in net income of subsidiaries | (3,278 | ) | (2,797 | ) | (1,225 | ) | |||||||
Dividends received from subsidiaries | 2,545 | 1,294 | 1,158 | ||||||||||
Other operating assets and liabilities | (63 | ) | 36 | (28 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 2,385 | 1,238 | 1,039 | ||||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities |
|||||||||||||
Proceeds from sales and collections of investments | 208 | 24 | 34 | ||||||||||
Investment purchases | (201 | ) | (29 | ) | (31 | ) | |||||||
Capital contributions to subsidiaries | (338 | ) | (370 | ) | (292 | ) | |||||||
Change in short-term investments, net | (405 | ) | (80 | ) | 1 | ||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (736 | ) | (455 | ) | (288 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from financing activities |
|||||||||||||
Change in short-term debt, net | 43 | (279 | ) | 62 | |||||||||
Transfers to subsidiaries through intercompany loan agreement, net | (43 | ) | 100 | (98 | ) | ||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt | (405 | ) | (300 | ) | (338 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 641 | 395 | 599 | ||||||||||
Dividends paid to shareholders | (756 | ) | (626 | ) | (582 | ) | |||||||
Treasury stock purchases | (1,373 | ) | (153 | ) | (445 | ) | |||||||
Other | 236 | 82 | 50 | ||||||||||
Net cash used in financing activities | (1,657 | ) | (781 | ) | (752 | ) | |||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash |
(8 |
) |
2 |
(1 |
) |
||||||||
Cash at beginning of year | 8 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||
Cash at end of year | $ | | $ | 8 | $ | 6 | |||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed financial information and notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
S-4
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II (CONTINUED)CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1. General
The financial statements of the Registrant should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8. To conform to the 2004 presentation, certain amounts in the prior years' condensed financial statements of the registrant have been reclassified. The short-term debt and long-term debt presented in Note 11 "Capital Structure" are direct obligations of the Company, with the exception of the following obligations at December 31:
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short-term: | ||||||
Federal Funds purchased | $ | | $ | 3 | ||
Long-term: |
||||||
Floating Rate Notes, due 2012 to 2017, callable | 57 | 77 | ||||
Investment management VIE obligations, floating rates, due 2012 to 2013 | 279 | 691 | ||||
Other Various Notes, due 2008 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Synthetic lease VIE obligations, floating rates, due 2006 | 117 | 112 | ||||
Structured investment security VIE obligations, due 2007 | 47 | 45 |
2. Receivable and Payable to Subsidiaries
The majority of the proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper has been loaned to subsidiaries through an intercompany loan agreement and is used for general purposes.
In August of 2004, the registrant fully repaid a promissory note (the "note") with a principal balance of $405 million to its subsidiary Allstate Insurance Company ("AIC"). The note, which was payable on December 1, 2007 or earlier upon demand, was issued to AIC in December of 2002 to replace a previous note for the same amount due April 2003. The note had a stated annual interest rate of 4.25%. The Registrant recorded $11 million, $17 million and $24 million of interest expense in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, related to these borrowings.
In 1996, the registrant issued 200,000 junior subordinated debentures ("debentures") with a par value of $1,000 per debenture and an interest rate of 7.83% and a contractual maturity of December 1, 2045 to Allstate Financing II ("AF II"), a variable interest entity ("VIE"), which in prior periods met the consolidation requirements of existing accounting guidance for reporting in the Consolidated Financial Statements of The Allstate Corporation. As a result, in prior periods, the debentures were reported as a component of payable to subsidiaries on the Statements of Financial Position of the registrant. During 2003, the Company's adoption of FASB Interpretation No. 46 resulted in the deconsolidation of AF II, resulting in the registrant reclassifying the debentures from payable to subsidiaries to long-term debt. The registrant recorded $16 million of interest expense in 2004, 2003 and 2002 related to these debentures. The debentures are redeemable in whole, or in part, in 2006.
3. Supplemental Disclosures of Non-Cash Investing Activity and Cash Flow Information
The Registrant paid $294 million, $299 million and $306 million of interest on debt in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
S-5
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IIISUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
|
At December 31, |
For the Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Reserves for Claims, Claims Expense and Contract Benefits |
|
|
|
Claims, Claims Expense and Contract Benefits |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Premium Revenue and Contract Charges |
|
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) |
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs |
|
|
Other Operating Costs and Expenses |
Premiums Written (Excluding Life) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment |
Unearned Premiums |
Net Investment Income(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Propertyliability operations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allstate Protection | $ | 1,460 | $ | 16,005 | $ | 9,677 | $ | 25,983 | $ | 17,208 | $ | 3,874 | $ | 2,433 | $ | 26,527 | ||||||||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | | 3,333 | | 6 | 635 | | 9 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total propertyliability | 1,460 | 19,338 | 9,677 | 25,989 | $ | 1,773 | 17,843 | 3,874 | 2,442 | 26,531 | ||||||||||||||||||
Allstate Financial operations | 3,508 | 67,463 | 255 | 2,072 | 3,410 | 3,619 | 591 | 639 | 315 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate and other | | | | | 101 | | | 318 | | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 4,968 | $ | 86,801 | $ | 9,932 | $ | 28,061 | $ | 5,284 | $ | 21,462 | $ | 4,465 | $ | 3,399 | $ | 26,846 | ||||||||||
2003 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Propertyliability operations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allstate Protection | $ | 1,325 | $ | 15,146 | $ | 9,069 | $ | 24,664 | $ | 16,858 | $ | 3,520 | $ | 2,383 | $ | 25,175 | ||||||||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | | 2,568 | | 13 | 574 | | 10 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total propertyliability | 1,325 | 17,714 | 9,069 | 24,677 | $ | 1,677 | 17,432 | 3,520 | 2,393 | 25,187 | ||||||||||||||||||
Allstate Financial operations | 3,517 | 58,091 | 118 | 2,304 | 3,233 | 3,697 | 538 | 679 | 462 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate and other | | | | | 62 | | | 278 | | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 4,842 | $ | 75,805 | $ | 9,187 | $ | 26,981 | $ | 4,972 | $ | 21,129 | $ | 4,058 | $ | 3,350 | $ | 25,649 | ||||||||||
2002 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Propertyliability operations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allstate Protection | $ | 1,180 | $ | 14,694 | $ | 8,488 | $ | 23,351 | $ | 17,424 | $ | 3,216 | $ | 2,214 | $ | 23,910 | ||||||||||||
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | | 1,996 | | 10 | 233 | | 11 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total propertyliability | 1,180 | 16,690 | 8,488 | 23,361 | $ | 1,656 | 17,657 | 3,216 | 2,225 | 23,917 | ||||||||||||||||||
Allstate Financial operations | 3,205 | 51,007 | 90 | 2,293 | 3,121 | 3,534 | 478 | 651 | 503 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate and other | | | | | 72 | | | 282 | | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 4,385 | $ | 67,697 | $ | 8,578 | $ | 25,654 | $ | 4,849 | $ | 21,191 | $ | 3,694 | $ | 3,158 | $ | 24,420 | ||||||||||
S-6
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE IVREINSURANCE
(in millions) |
Gross amount |
Ceded to other companies |
Assumed from other companies |
Net amount |
Percent of amount assumed to net |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year Ended December 31, 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in force | $ | 423,204 | $ | 210,014 | $ | 8,394 | $ | 221,584 | 3.8 | % | ||||||
Premiums and contract charges: | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance | $ | 2,049 | $ | 393 | $ | 25 | $ | 1,681 | 1.5 | % | ||||||
Accident-health insurance | 579 | 215 | 27 | 391 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||
Property-liability insurance | 24,574 | 399 | 1,814 | 25,989 | 7.0 | % | ||||||||||
Total premiums and contract charges | $ | 27,202 | $ | 1,007 | $ | 1,866 | $ | 28,061 | 6.6 | % | ||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in force | $ | 400,324 | $ | 182,104 | $ | 8,744 | $ | 226,964 | 3.9 | % | ||||||
Premiums and contract charges: | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance | $ | 2,078 | $ | 345 | $ | 52 | $ | 1,785 | 2.9 | % | ||||||
Accident-health insurance | 577 | 140 | 82 | 519 | 15.8 | % | ||||||||||
Property-liability insurance | 23,132 | 298 | 1,843 | 24,677 | 7.5 | % | ||||||||||
Total premiums and contract charges | $ | 25,787 | $ | 783 | $ | 1,977 | $ | 26,981 | 7.3 | % | ||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2002 | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in force | $ | 388,674 | $ | 162,125 | $ | 8,269 | $ | 234,818 | 3.5 | % | ||||||
Premiums and contract charges: | ||||||||||||||||
Life insurance | $ | 2,077 | $ | 343 | $ | 52 | $ | 1,786 | 2.9 | % | ||||||
Accident-health insurance | 568 | 138 | 77 | 507 | 15.2 | % | ||||||||||
Property-liability insurance | 21,894 | 337 | 1,804 | 23,361 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||||
Total premiums and contract charges | $ | 24,539 | $ | 818 | $ | 1,933 | $ | 25,654 | 7.5 | % | ||||||
S-7
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VVALUATION ALLOWANCES AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
|
|
Additions |
|
|
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) Description |
Balance at Beginning of Period |
Charged to costs and expenses |
Other Additions |
Deductions |
Balance at End of Period |
||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||||
Allowance for estimated losses on mortgage loans and real estate | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | | |||||
Allowance for reinsurance recoverables | 101 | 138 | | 9 | 230 | ||||||||||
Allowance for premium installment receivable | 44 | 62 | | 58 | 48 | ||||||||||
Allowance for deferred tax assets | 8 | 6 | | 12 | 2 | ||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2003 |
|||||||||||||||
Allowance for estimated losses on mortgage loans and real estate | $ | | $ | 4 | $ | | $ | 3 | $ | 1 | |||||
Allowance for reinsurance recoverables | 85 | 17 | | 1 | 101 | ||||||||||
Allowance for premium installment receivable | 51 | 61 | | 68 | 44 | ||||||||||
Allowance for deferred tax assets | 8 | 2 | | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2002 |
|||||||||||||||
Allowance for estimated losses on mortgage loans and real estate | $ | 5 | $ | | $ | | $ | 5 | $ | | |||||
Allowance for reinsurance recoverables | 89 | | | 4 | 85 | ||||||||||
Allowance for premium installment receivable | 54 | 81 | | 84 | 51 | ||||||||||
Allowance for deferred tax assets | 15 | 8 | | 15 | 8 |
S-8
THE ALLSTATE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VISUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONCERNING
CONSOLIDATED PROPERTY-LIABILITY INSURANCE OPERATIONS
|
At December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions) |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs | $ | 1,460 | $ | 1,325 | $ | 1,180 | |||
Reserves for insurance claims and claims expense | 19,338 | 17,714 | 16,690 | ||||||
Unearned premiums | 9,677 | 9,069 | 8,488 |
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||
Earned premiums | $ | 25,989 | $ | 24,677 | $ | 23,361 | ||||
Net investment income | 1,773 | 1,677 | 1,656 | |||||||
Claims and claims adjustment expense incurred | ||||||||||
Current year | 18,073 | 17,031 | 16,972 | |||||||
Prior years | (230 | ) | 401 | 685 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | 3,874 | 3,520 | 3,216 | |||||||
Paid claims and claims adjustment expense | 17,062 | 16,470 | 17,472 | |||||||
Premiums written | 26,531 | 25,187 | 23,917 |
S-9
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
The Allstate Corporation
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of The Allstate Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, management's assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, and the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 and have issued our report thereon dated February 24, 2005 (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to a change in The Allstate Corporation's method of accounting for certain nontraditional long-duration contracts and for separate accounts in 2004, its method for accounting for stock-based compensation, embedded derivatives in modified coinsurance agreements and variable interest entities in 2003 and its method of accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets in 2002); such report is included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules of the Company listed in the accompanying index at Item 15. These financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Chicago,
Illinois
February 24, 2005
S-10