ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC - 10-Q Quarterly Report

Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12(b)-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes ý No o

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

Note: The balance sheet at December 31, 2002 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date.

ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except for per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2003

(Unaudited)

The unaudited interim financial statements for the six month periods ended June 30, 2003 and 2002 have been prepared on the same basis as the Company's audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002. The financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position at such dates and the operating results and cash flows for those periods. Results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year. For more complete financial information, these financial statements, and notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Company recognizes revenue when all contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.

The Company recognizes research and development revenue under collaborative agreements as it incurs the related expenses, up to contractual limits. The Company defers payments received under these agreements that are related to future performance and records revenue as it is earned over the specified future performance period. The Company recognizes revenue that relates to nonrefundable, upfront fees over the period of the contractual arrangements as it satisfies its performance obligations. The Company recognizes revenue that relates to milestones, under existing arrangements, upon completion of the milestone's performance requirement. The Company will recognize revenue related to milestones that are part of arrangements entered into subsequent to June 30, 2003 in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-21 (EITF 00-21). EITF 00-21 requires the Company to recognize revenue related to the milestones over the period of obligation. The Company records revenue from federal research grants during the period in which it incurs the related expenditures. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales as it ships the products.

As part of the Company's alliance with Eli Lilly and Company in August 2001, Lilly provided Isis a $100.0 million interest free loan to fund the research collaboration. As of June 30, 2003, the Company had drawn down $61.3 million on the $100.0 million loan. The Company discounted the $61.3 million to its net present value by imputing interest on the amount at 20%, which represented market conditions in place at the time the Company entered into the loan. The Company accretes the loan up to its face value over its term by recording interest expense. The difference between the cash received and the present value of the loan represents value Lilly gave to Isis to help fund the research collaboration. The Company accounts for this value as deferred revenue and recognizes it as revenue over the period of performance.

The Company recognized research and development revenue from affiliates as it incurred the related expenses, up to contractual limits. The Company recognized revenue related to milestones upon

completion of the milestone's performance requirement. In late 2002, the Company terminated its HepaSense and Orasense collaborations with Elan Corporation plc and as a result, the Company no longer earns revenue from these collaborations.

The Company recognizes licensing and royalty revenue immediately, if collectibility is reasonably assured, for arrangements in which the Company is not required to provide services in the future.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term investments and receivables. The Company places its cash equivalents and certain of its short-term investments with high credit-quality financial institutions. The Company invests its excess cash primarily in auction and money market instruments, and municipal and floating rate bonds. The Company and its audit committee established guidelines relative to credit ratings, diversification and maturities that seek to maintain safety and liquidity.

The Company considers all liquid investments with maturities of ninety days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company's short-term investments have initial maturities of greater than ninety days from date of purchase. The Company classifies its securities as "available-for-sale" in accordance with SFAS 115, Accounting for Certain Investment in Debt and Equity Securities. The Company carries these investments at fair market value with any unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Fair value is based upon market prices quoted on the last day of the fiscal quarter. The cost of debt securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company includes gross realized gains and losses in investment income and these amounts have not been material. To date, the Company has not had any material losses related to its cash or cash equivalents. During the first quarter of 2003, the Company recorded a non-cash loss of $2.4 million related to the impairment of its equity investments in Antisense Therapeutics Limited (ATL) and Hybridon, Inc. This charge reflected the then-current market climate and was associated with the decline in market value of the equity investments from their initial valuations and was determined to be other-than-temporary. In the second quarter of 2003, the Company recorded unrealized gains related to its equity investments in ATL and Hybridon as a separate component of stockholders' equity, which reflected the increase in the market value of the investments since the first quarter of 2003.

The value at which the Company carries its inventory directly impacts the Company's results of operations. The Company's inventory includes drugs with alternative uses that are used primarily for its development activities and drugs it manufactures for its partners under contractual terms. The Company states its inventories at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined under the first-in, first-out method. The Company reviews inventories periodically and reduces the carrying value of items considered to be slow moving or obsolete to its estimated net realizable value. In the second quarter of 2003, the Company reduced the carrying value of its raw materials related to Affinitak to their

estimated net realizable value. Inventory includes the following categories as of June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, net of reserves (in thousands):

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In April 2003, the Company implemented an employee stock option exchange program to maintain one of the Company's key assets, its employee base, in a manner that was sensitive to shareholder interests. The exchange program allowed employees during the offering period, which began on April 8, 2003 and ended on May 8, 2003, to surrender options, granted prior to January 5, 2002, which typically were higher priced, in exchange for a lesser number of options, which typically were lower priced. Employees exchanged 2.2 million options with a weighted-average exercise price of $14.89 for 1.0 million options with an exercise price of $5.15. The new options vest over 3 years beginning on January 1, 2003 and expire on December 31, 2008. The Company accounted for the affected options using variable accounting consistent with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 and Financial Accounting Standard Board Interpretation No. 44. As a result, the Company recorded compensation expense of approximately $115,000 in the second quarter of 2003 and will continue to account for the affected options using variable accounting until all affected options have been exercised or cancelled.

The Company has adopted the disclosure-only provision of SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Accordingly, no compensation expense, except for compensation expense primarily related to the affected options from the 2000 and 2003 exchange programs, has been recognized for the Company's stock option plans. Had compensation expense been determined consistent with SFAS 123,

the Company's net loss and basic and diluted net loss per share would have been changed to the following proforma amounts (in thousands, except per share amounts):

		Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2003			2002			2003			2002
Net loss applicable to common stock		$	(23,270	)	$	(21,200	)	$	(47,761	)	$	(39,507	)
Stock based compensation			2,025			(6,346	)		(990	)		(12,302	)

Proforma net loss applicable to common stock		$	(21,245	)	$	(27,546	)	$	(48,751	)	$	(51,809	)

Earnings per share:
	Basic and diluted	$	(0.42	)	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.86	)	$	(0.73	)
	Basic and diluted, proforma	$	(0.38	)	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.88	)	$	(0.96	)

For the purpose of this proforma calculation, the Company estimates the fair value of each option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for June 30, 2003 and 2002: 1) a risk free rate of 3.53% and 4.82%, respectively; 2) a dividend yield of 0% each year; 3) a volatility factor of 85.6% and 73.9%, respectively; and 4) an option life of 5.1 and 5.8 years, respectively. The weighted average fair value of options granted was $5.11 and $5.79 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively. The weighted average fair value of options granted was $12.04 and $17.83 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002, respectively.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current presentation.

In November 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued Issue No. 00-21 (EITF 00-21), Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. This issue addresses the timing and method of revenue recognition for revenue arrangements that include the delivery of more than one product or service. EITF 00-21 is effective for revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal quarters beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company reviewed EITF 00-21 and determined that this issue will not have a material impact on its operating results and financial position.

In December 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure, effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002. The rule amends SFAS 123 to provide several alternatives for adopting the stock option expense provisions of SFAS 123, as well as additional required interim financial statement disclosures. SFAS 148 does not require companies to expense stock options in current earnings. The Company has not adopted the provisions of SFAS 123 for expensing stock based compensation; however, the Company has adopted the additional interim disclosure provisions of the statement (see Stock-Based Employee Compensation above). The impact of the new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations or the financial position of the Company.

Due to the significant minority investor rights retained by Elan and its subsidiaries, the Company accounted for its investment in Orasense under the equity method of accounting. Through December 2002, Orasense incurred research and development expenses, performed by Elan and the Company on Orasense's behalf, in the course of its product development. In conjunction with its continuing restructuring efforts, Elan concluded its participation in the Orasense collaboration effective December 31, 2002, and the Company reacquired all rights to ISIS 104838, the compound that the collaboration had been developing. The following table presents summary results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 for Orasense (in thousands):

Due to the significant minority investor rights retained by Elan and its subsidiaries, the Company accounted for its investment in HepaSense under the equity method of accounting. Through December 2002, HepaSense incurred research and development expenses, performed by Elan and the Company on HepaSense's behalf, in the course of its product development. In conjunction with its continuing restructuring efforts, Elan concluded its participation in the HepaSense collaboration in 2002 and the Company reacquired all rights to ISIS 14803, the compound that the collaboration had been developing. As a result of the collaboration termination, there was no activity during the six months ended June 30, 2003. The following table presents summary results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 for HepaSense (in thousands):

In February 2003, the Company earned a second research milestone in its drug discovery collaboration with Amgen, which was initiated in December 2001. Amgen and the Company are collaborating to discover and develop new antisense drugs utilizing the Company's proprietary second-

generation chemistry. Amgen has the right to develop and commercialize antisense drugs resulting from the collaboration.

In April 2003, the Company earned a $1.5 million milestone from Lilly in the development of ISIS 23722, the antisense inhibitor of survivin, as part of the research collaboration oncology expansion entered into in fiscal year 2002 with Lilly. ISIS 23722 is the first compound from the partnership to be selected for clinical development by Lilly.

In May 2003, the Company entered into an amended and restated license agreement with Pantheco A/S. The amended and restated license agreement replaces the nonexclusive license agreement the Company entered with Pantheco in September 2000 and the exclusive license agreement the Company entered with Pantheco in November 1998. Under the terms of the amended and restated license agreement, the Company licensed its novel antisense chemistry, Peptide Nucleic Acid, or PNA, to Pantheco on a limited exclusive basis to develop products. The license is restricted to a limited number of molecular targets that are subject to the Company's approval. In consideration for the license, Pantheco agreed to pay the Company royalties and milestones on any products developed under the license.

In addition, in May 2003, Pantheco A/S and Cureon A/S merged to form Santaris Pharma A/S. Prior to the merger, the Company purchased additional shares of Pantheco for $55,000 as the result of antidilution provisions in Pantheco's stock. After the merger and as of June 30, 2003, the Company's ownership interest in Santaris is 7.4%.

In May 2003, the Company and Ercole Biotech, Inc. (Ercole) initiated a multi-year collaboration to discover antisense drugs that regulate alternative RNA splicing. As part of the collaboration, the parties cross-licensed their respective splicing-related intellectual property. Ercole also received a license to some of the Company's chemistry patents. The Company has taken an equity ownership in Ercole, with the initial funding in the form of convertible debt, which the companies anticipate will convert into securities Ercole issues in its next venture capital financing. The Company also has the option to make an additional equity investment in Ercole.

In June 2003, the Company and Lilly reached a mutually beneficial renegotiation of their manufacturing relationship. Lilly waived repayment of the $21.2 million manufacturing loan it provided the Company to build the Affinitak manufacturing facility. Lilly agreed to allow the Company to use the facility to manufacture other drugs. In exchange, the Company released Lilly from its obligations contained in the supply agreement for Affinitak, including the obligation to purchase additional product from the Company and the obligation to pay for the costs of maintaining an idle manufacturing suite.

In June 2003, Isis initiated a collaboration with the Industrial and Technology Research Institutes (ITRI) of Taiwan to identify antisense candidates targeting the coronavirus associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The Company is conducting the antisense drug discovery research and ITRI will provide up to $2.0 million in funding to support the collaboration, with the potential for further funding.

SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income, requires the company to report, in addition to net loss, comprehensive loss and its components. A summary follows (in thousands):

		Three months ended, June 30,						Six months ended, June 30,
		2003			2002			2003			2002
Comprehensive loss:
	Change in unrealized gains (losses)	$	1,474		$	(1,445	)	$	3,684		$	(1,260	)
	Net loss applicable to common stock		(23,270	)		(21,200	)		(47,761	)		(39,507	)

Comprehensive loss		$	(21,796	)	$	(22,645	)	$	(44,077	)	$	(40,767	)

In November 2002, the Company discontinued its GeneTrove database product offering and reorganized the GeneTrove division. As a result, the Company reduced its workforce by approximately 25 people. The restructuring plan also provided for the write-down of certain intellectual property. As a result of this plan, the Company recognized restructuring related charges of approximately $1.4 million as operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2002. The Company did not recognize any additional GeneTrove restructuring related charges in the first six months of 2003 and expects to complete utilization of the reserve related to this restructuring by October 2003.

In April 2003, the Company initiated a restructuring in response to disappointing results from the first Phase III trial of Affinitak. As a result, the Company had a small reduction in its workforce, which primarily represented positions that were in support of the commercialization and manufacture of Affinitak. Consequently, the Company incurred a one-time restructuring charge of approximately $1.8 million during the second quarter of 2003 and expects to complete the utilization of the reserve related to this restructuring in the fourth quarter of 2003.

The following table summarizes the balance of the accrued restructuring reserve related to GeneTrove and Affinitak, which has been included in accrued liabilities at June 30, 2003 (in thousands):

			GeneTrove Severance Cost For Involuntary Employee Terminations			Affinitak Severance Cost For Involuntary Employee Terminations			Total
Balance at March 31, 2003			$	132		$	—		$	132
	Reserve additions			—			1,803			1,803
	Utilization of reserve:
		Cash		(51	)		(1,102	)		(1,153	)

Balance at June 30, 2003			$	81		$	701		$	782

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In addition to historical information contained in this Report, this Report contains forward-looking statements regarding our business and the therapeutic and commercial potential of our technologies and products in development. Any statement describing our goals, expectations, intentions or beliefs is a forward-looking statement and should be considered an at-risk statement. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, particularly those risks and uncertainties inherent in the process of discovering, developing and commercializing drugs that can be proven to be safe and effective for use as human therapeutics, in the process of conducting gene functionalization and target validation services, and in the endeavor of building a business around such products and services. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in this Form 10-Q. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, which is on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and those identified in the section of Item 2 entitled "Risk Factors" beginning on page 24 of this Report. As a result, you are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements.

Since our inception in 1989, we have pioneered the science of antisense for the development of a new class of drugs. We design antisense drugs to treat a wide variety of diseases. Due to their gene selectivity, antisense drugs have the potential to be highly effective and less toxic than traditional drugs. We have made significant progress in understanding the capabilities of antisense drugs in treating disease. We have developed new chemistries and novel formulations to enhance the potency and utility of antisense drugs, and we have successfully turned our expertise into a broad pipeline of antisense products currently in all phases of clinical development. Our drugs in development treat a variety of health conditions, including inflammatory, viral, metabolic and dermatological diseases, and cancer, and we are studying these drugs in intravenous, subcutaneous, topical cream, enema and oral formulations. We achieved marketing clearance for the world's first antisense drug Vitravene® (fomivirsen) in 1998.

Affinitak™, formerly LY900003 or ISIS 3521, is our most advanced product in development. In March 2003, we announced the results of our Phase III clinical trial of Affinitak to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer, which were not sufficient to support a single-study new drug application. Lilly and we completed an analysis of the data from this trial and presented a summary of the findings at the 39^th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in June 2003. In a second Phase III study, Lilly is continuing to follow patients currently enrolled, but has suspended further enrollment in this study and other studies of Affinitak. Pending a review upon completion of the second Phase III trial, Lilly and we will make a decision about the future development of Affinitak. In June 2003, Lilly and we reached a mutually beneficial renegotiation of our manufacturing relationship. Lilly waived repayment of the $21.2 million manufacturing loan it provided us to build the Affinitak manufacturing facility. Lilly agreed to allow us to use the facility to manufacture other drugs. In exchange, we released Lilly from its obligations contained in the supply agreement for Affinitak, including the obligation to purchase additional product from us and the obligation to pay for the costs of maintaining an idle manufacturing suite.

We currently are conducting two Phase III clinical trials for another product, alicaforsen, or ISIS 2302, in an inflammatory bowel disease known as Crohn's disease. These trials are being conducted in North America and Europe and we expect to complete enrollment of these trials in the first half of 2004. Alicaforsen is an antisense inhibitor of ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1), a molecule that plays a key role in the recruitment and activation of the immune cells associated with the inflammatory response in a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease. We are also studying alicaforsen in an enema formulation for patients with ulcerative colitis. We also have several products in Phase II and earlier stages of development.

Our GeneTrove program uses our antisense technology as a tool to provide important information about the function of genes and has automated the inital steps in our antisense drug discovery process. Our current focus is to use GeneTrove information to direct our own drug discovery research and that of our antisense drug discovery partners, such as Lilly and Amgen. We also offer antisense-based gene function information and license our antisense based functional genomics patents to pharmaceutical company partners that are evaluating the genes as targets for their own drug discovery programs. In November 2002, we announced the termination of GeneTrove's subscription database product originally added in August 2001. This resulted in a reorganization of the GeneTrove program.

Our Ibis program has invented platform technology that has the potential to revolutionize the detection and treatment of infectious disease. We are creating a sensor that can detect known and unknown infectious agents, and are working to discover small molecule drugs that work by binding to RNA. Our scientists have invented methods of identifying common binding sites in RNA that facilitate the identification of organisms or serve as targets for drug binding. We have also invented mass spectrometry-based screening methods for both diagnostic and drug discovery applications. In a project called Triangulation Identification for Genetic Evaluation of Risks, or TIGER, we apply our Ibis technology to develop a sensor to detect infectious agents that could be used in biological warfare attacks. We collaborate with San Diego-based Science Applications International Corporation, or SAIC, on this multi-year project funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA. Ibis expects to receive funding of up to $11.7 million for its efforts related to TIGER. In early 2002, Ibis received a three-year contract from the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, or USAMRIID, to use its technology to develop broad-spectrum anti-infective drugs that we believe will have usefulness in national defense. The contract provides for funding of up to $2.4 million. In addition to DARPA and USAMRIID, Ibis also has research relationships with several other government entities including the United States Navy, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. As such, we are required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable, based upon the information available to us. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported balances and amounts within our financial statements and supporting notes. The significant accounting policies, which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, include the following:

We generally recognize revenue when we have satisfied all contractual obligations and we are reasonably assured of collecting the resulting receivable. We often enter into collaborations where we receive nonrefundable up-front payments for prior or future expenditures. In compliance with current accounting rules, we recognize revenue related to up-front payments over the period of the contractual arrangements as we satisfy our performance obligations. Occasionally, we are required to estimate the period of a contractual arrangement or our performance obligation when the information is not clearly defined in the agreements we enter into. Should different estimates prevail, revenue recognized could be materially different. Agreements where we have made estimates of our continuing obligations include our collaborations with Antisense Therapeutics Limited, or ATL, Amgen, Chiron, Industrial Technology Research Institutes, Lilly, and Pfizer. As of June 30, 2003, we evaluated our estimates for the periods of contractual arrangements and determined that our estimates are appropriate.

We recognize revenue related to milestones upon completion of the milestone's performance requirement. During the first quarter of 2003, we earned a milestone through our research

collaboration with Amgen. In addition, during the second quarter of 2003, we earned a $1.5 million milestone from Lilly in the development of ISIS 23722, the antisense inhibitor of survivin.

In November 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued Issue No. 00-21 (EITF 00-21), Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables. This issue addresses the timing and method of revenue recognition for revenue arrangements that include the delivery of more than one product or service. EITF 00-21 is effective for revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal quarters beginning after June 15, 2003. We reviewed EITF 00-21 and have determined that this issue will not have a material impact on our operating results and financial positions.

We generally recognize revenue related to the sale of our inventory as we ship or deliver drugs to our partners. Occasionally, we complete the manufacturing of drugs, but our partners ask us to deliver the drug on a later date. Under these circumstances, we ensure that our obligation is complete under the terms of the manufacturing agreement in place and title has transferred to the customer before we recognize the related revenue.

As part of our Lilly alliance, Lilly provided us a $100.0 million interest free loan to fund the research collaboration. As of June 30, 2003, we had drawn down $61.3 million on the $100.0 million loan. We discounted the $61.3 million that had been drawn on the loan as of June 30, 2003 to its net present value by imputing interest on the amount at 20%, which represented market conditions in place at the time we entered into the loan. We are accreting the loan up to its face value over its term by recording interest expense. The difference between the cash received and the present value of the loan represents value Lilly gave to us to help fund the research collaboration, and is accounted for as deferred revenue and is recognized as revenue over the period of performance.

Additionally, we recognize as revenue immediately those licensing and royalty agreements we enter into for which we have no future performance obligations and are reasonably assured of collecting the resulting receivable.

The value at which we carry our inventory directly impacts our results of operations. Our inventories include drugs with alternative uses that are used primarily in our development activities and drugs we manufacture for our partners under contractual terms. Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, cost being determined under the first-in, first-out method. We review inventories periodically and reduce our carrying value of items considered to be slow moving or obsolete to its estimated net realizable value. In the second quarter of 2003, we reduced the carrying value of our raw materials related to Affinitak to their estimated net realizable values.

We evaluate our licenses and patent assets for impairment on a quarterly basis, and whenever indicators of impairment exist. During this process, we review our portfolio of pending domestic and international patent applications, domestic and international issued patents, and licenses we have acquired from other parties. To determine if any impairment is present, we consider challenges or potential challenges to our existing patents, the likelihood of applications being issued, the scope of our issued patents and our experience. In the event that we determine that an impairment exists where we had previously determined that one did not exist, it may result in a material adjustment to our financial statements.

We primarily invest our excess cash in U.S. Government securities and debt instruments of financial institutions and corporations with strong credit ratings. We have established guidelines relative

to diversification and maturities that maintain safety and liquidity. These guidelines are periodically reviewed and modified to take advantage of trends and interest rates. In determining if and when a decline in market value below amortized cost is other-than-temporary, we, together with our external portfolio managers, evaluate the market conditions, offering prices, trends of earnings, price multiples, and other key measures for our investments in debt instruments. To date, we have not had any material losses related to our cash or cash equivalents.

We also have equity investments in biotech companies where we have an ownership interest of less than 20%. In determining if and when a decrease in market value below our cost is other-than-temporary in our equity positions, we examine historical trends in stock price, the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, and our current need for cash. When such a decline in value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, we recognize an impairment loss in the period operating results to the extent of the decline. During the first quarter of 2003, we recorded a non-cash loss of $2.4 million related to the impairment of our equity investments in ATL and Hybridon, Inc. This charge reflected the then-current market climate and was associated with the decline in market value of the equity investments from their initial valuations and was determined to be other-than-temporary. In the second quarter of 2003, we recorded unrealized gains related to our equity investments in ATL and Hybridon as a separate component of stockholders' equity, which reflected the increase in the market value of the investments since the first quarter of 2003.

In preparing our financial statements to conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for fixed assets for depreciation calculations, useful lives for intellectual property for amortization calculations, estimated lives for license agreements related to deferred revenue, valuation of inventory, and assumptions for valuing stock options. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Our total revenue was $15.0 million and $29.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively, compared with $20.1 million and $38.0 million for the same periods in 2002. The decrease in revenue was primarily due to the reduction in revenue associated with the clinical development of Affinitak and the conclusion of Elan's participation in the Orasense and HepaSense collaborations. In late 2002, we reacquired product rights to ISIS 14803 for hepatitis C and an oral formulation of ISIS 104838 as a result of Elan's conclusion of its participation in the HepaSense and Orasense joint ventures. As a result, we did not earn revenue from these affiliates in 2003.

Under the category of research and development revenue under collaborative agreements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, we reported $14.9 million and $28.7 million, respectively, compared to $17.9 million and $32.6 million for the same periods in 2002. The decrease was primarily a result of drug shipments occurring in the first six months of 2002 that were absent in the same period of 2003 and the reduction in revenue associated with the clinical development of Affinitak.

Research and development revenue from affiliates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 consisted of revenue associated with our two joint ventures with Elan, Orasense and HepaSense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2002, we recognized $2.1 million and $5.1 million, respectively, from these collaborations as revenue. During the same periods in 2003, we did not earn revenue from these collaborations as Elan concluded its participation in the joint ventures in 2002.

Our revenue from licensing activities and royalties was $116,000 and $316,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively, compared to $85,000 and $296,000 for the same periods in 2002.

Total operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 were $34.5 million and $67.4 million, respectively, compared to $32.4 million and $60.1 million for the same periods in 2002. On a proforma basis, operating expenses, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 were $32.6 million and $65.5 million, respectively, compared to $34.0 million and $63.2 million for the same periods in 2002. The decrease to the proforma basis operating expenses in the second quarter ended June 30, 2003 compared to the same period in 2002 was primarily due to our implementation of an expense reduction plan in the second quarter of 2003. The increase in expense for the first half of 2003 over the same period last year was primarily due to our continued investment in our products in development and the full implementation of our research collaboration with Lilly. Proforma operating expenses, which include research and development and general and administrative expenses, but exclude compensation expense or benefit related to stock options and restructuring activities expense, provide a supplemental comparison of results of operating expenses and represent the costs of key activities and cost drivers for us. We believe that it is important to exclude compensation expense or benefit related to stock options from proforma operating expenses because it is based on the variability of our stock price rather than operations. We believe that it is important to exclude restructuring activities because these costs are directly related to a first quarter event, which was an isolated event, and should be excluded for comparability purposes and analysis of results of operations. We have provided a reconciliation of GAAP operating expenses to proforma operating expenses. Proforma operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively, were the following (in thousands):

Our research and development expenses consist of costs for antisense drug discovery, antisense drug development, our Ibis Therapeutics' program and R&D Support costs. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, we reported total research and development expenditures of $30.2 million and $60.4 million, respectively, compared to $31.5 million and $58.5 million for the same periods in 2002. The $1.9 million increase for the first six months in 2003 over 2002 was primarily due to our continued investment in our products advancing in development, particularly Affinitak for non-small cell lung cancer and alicaforsen for Crohn's disease, and to the full implementation of our research collaboration with Lilly.

Antisense drug discovery costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 totaled $9.1 million and $19.2 million, respectively, compared to $10.7 million and $19.5 million for the same periods in 2002. The decrease of $300,000 for the six months of 2003 over 2002 was principally a result of our implementation of an expense reduction plan in the second quarter of 2003. This decrease was slightly offset by the increased gene functionalization and target validation activities to support our in-house drug discovery programs and our research collaborations with Lilly and with Amgen.

Antisense drug development expenditures totaled $13.5 million and $25.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively, compared to $13.0 million and $24.5 million for the same periods in 2002. The increase of $1.1 million for the six months in 2003 over 2002 consists of additional expenses resulting from the advancement of our pipeline. This advancement includes the costs related to the Phase III trial of Affinitak for non-small cell lung cancer and two Phase III trials of alicaforsen for Crohn's disease, with the second trial initiated in June 2002.

Expenditures related to Affinitak for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 were $4.3 million and $7.2 million, respectively, compared to $4.1 million and $6.5 million for the same periods of 2002. The increase of $700,000 for the first six months of 2003 over 2002 was primarily due to costs related to the final phases of our Phase III trial and $3.4 million of capitalized costs related to preparing for the commercial manufacture of Affinitak. These costs were reimbursed by Lilly and the reimbursement was recorded as revenue under collaborative agreements. Costs related to the final phases of our Phase III trial primarily occurred in the first quarter of 2003 with minimal amounts incurred in the second quarter of 2003. In March 2003, we announced the results of Affinitak for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. In this trial, we observed no difference in overall survival of those patients who received Affinitak plus a standard chemotherapy regimen compared to those patients who received the standard chemotherapy alone. Based on these results, we will not file an NDA for Affinitak in 2003. In April 2003, we initiated a restructuring of the company in response to the disappointing results from this first Phase III trial of Affinitak. As a result, we had a small reduction in our workforce, which primarily represented positions that were in support of the commercialization and manufacture of Affinitak. Consequently, we incurred a one-time restructuring charge of approximately $1.8 million during the second quarter of 2003 and we expect to complete the utilization of the reserve related to this restructuring in the fourth quarter of 2003. As a result of disappointing results from the first Phase III trial of Affinitak and no NDA filing in 2003, we expect a decrease in total Affinitak related expenses for the 2003 year compared to 2002.

Our second drug in Phase III clinical trials, alicaforsen for Crohn's disease, had development expenditures totaling $1.8 million and $3.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively, compared to $1.8 million and $3.2 million for the same periods of 2002. The increase of $400,000 for the six months of 2003 over 2002 is a result of the initiation of our second Phase III trial in June 2002 in Europe.

Expenditures related to our other products in development totaled $8.7 million and $13.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, respectively, compared to $8.2 million and $13.6 million for the same periods of 2002. For the six months of 2003 over 2002, our expenses decreased on our early stage products. This decrease was offset by increased expenses related to increased enrollment in Phase II trials.

Ibis expenditures for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 were $2.3 million and $4.9 million, respectively, compared to $2.2 million and $4.2 million for the same periods in 2002. The $700,000 increase for the six months of 2003 over 2002 was primarily related to Ibis' performance obligations under its multi-year government contracts with DARPA, awarded in October 2001, and USAMRIID, awarded in March 2002.

R&D Support costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 were $5.1 million and $10.7 million, respectively, compared to $5.7 million and $10.3 million for the same periods in 2002. The $600,000 decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2003 over the same period of 2002 is primarily due to our planned expense reduction in the second quarter of 2003. The $400,000 increase for the six months of 2003 over 2002 is a direct result of increases in our research and development efforts to prepare for the manufacture and commercialization of Affinitak in the first quarter of 2003. This increase was partially offset by our planned expense reductions. While we work to control R&D

Support costs, we expect that they will be directly related to fluctuations in our research and development expenses.

General and administration expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 were $2.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively, compared to $2.4 million and $4.7 million for the same periods in 2002. The $400,000 increase for the six months of 2003 over 2002 was primarily a result of an increase in employees and related benefits in the first quarter of 2003. As a result of the restructuring in April 2003, we reduced the number of employees to levels comparable to the first six months of 2002.

Compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 was $123,000 and $132,000, respectively, which primarily consisted of compensation expense related to stock options associated with the employee stock option exchange program initiated in April 2003 and stock options granted to consultants, which we accounted for in accordance with EITF 96-18. We accounted for options affected by the employee stock option exchange program as variable stock options in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 and Financial Accounting Standard Board Interpretation No. 44. In the same periods in 2002, we reported compensation benefit of $1.6 million and $3.1 million, which primarily represented the reversal of previously recorded compensation expense related to stock options accounted for as variable stock options. This benefit was associated with the option exchange program we offered to non-officer employees in January 2000. These variable stock options were either exercised or cancelled by December 31, 2002.

In the second quarter of 2003, we recorded a one-time restructuring charge of $1.8 million related to our expense reduction plan, which included a small reduction in our workforce. There were no restructuring charges in the same period of 2002.

We used the equity method of accounting for our investments in the Orasense and HepaSense joint ventures in which we own 80.1% and Elan owns 19.9%. As a result, we recognized 80.1% of the total loss reported by Orasense and HepaSense under equity in loss of affiliates. In 2002, Elan concluded its participation in the associated collaborations and as a result, we did not recognize any equity in loss of affiliates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003. This compares to $4.0 million and $9.7 million for the respective periods in 2002.

Investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 totaled $1.2 million and $2.8 million, respectively, compared to $1.9 million and $4.0 million for the same periods in 2002. The $1.2 million decrease in investment income for the first six months in 2003 over 2002 is primarily due to our lower average cash balance in the first half of 2003 compared to the first half of 2002. In addition, our investment income was affected by the decline in interest rates as a result of current market conditions.

Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 totaled $4.7 million and $9.4 million, respectively, compared to $4.2 million and $8.8 million for the same periods in 2002. The effect of a higher debt balance as of June 30, 2003 compared to June 30, 2002 was primarily offset by a decrease in the average interest rate on our debt. The decrease in the average interest rate, which resulted in a net interest savings, is primarily due to the retirement, in May 2002 and July 2002, of higher interest rate debt with the proceeds from the issuance, in May 2002, of our 5¹/2% convertible subordinated notes due 2009.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, we reported a net loss applicable to common stock of $23.3 million and $47.8 million, respectively, which included $172,000 and $343,000 of accreted dividends on preferred stock, respectively. Our net loss applicable to common stock was $21.2 million and $39.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002, respectively, which included $335,000 and $670,000 of accreted dividends on preferred stock, respectively. The net loss applicable to common stock for the six months ended June 30, 2003 included a non-cash loss on investments of $2.4 million related to the other-than-temporary impairment of our investments in ATL and Hybridon.

We have financed our operations with revenue from research and development under collaborative agreements and from affiliates. Additionally, we have earned licensing and royalty revenue from the sale or licensing of our intellectual property. We have also financed our operations through the sale of our equity securities and the issuance of long-term debt. From our inception through June 30, 2003, we have earned approximately $379.5 million in revenue from contract research and development and the sale and licensing of our intellectual property. Since we were founded, we have raised net proceeds of approximately $588.3 million from the sale of equity securities. We have borrowed approximately $312.7 million under long-term debt arrangements to finance a portion of our operations.

As of June 30, 2003, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaling $255.9 million and working capital of $216.7 million. In comparison, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $289.4 million and working capital of $244.2 million as of December 31, 2002. The decreases in our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and working capital are due primarily to cash used to fund our operations, to purchase property, plant, and equipment and to pay our debt and capital lease obligations.

As of June 30, 2003, our debt obligations totaled $232.0 million, compared to $242.6 million at December 31, 2002. Our debt obligations include long-term and current deferred contract revenue and contractual obligations that represent our payment obligations. The decrease was primarily due to the renegotiation of our manufacturing relationship with Lilly, including Lilly's waiver on repayment of the $21.2 million manufacturing loan it provided to us to build the Affinitak manufacturing facility, of which we had $15.4 million outstanding at December 31, 2002. In addition, we repaid principal and interest related to a note payable to Abbott Laboratories and we repaid certain of our capital leases. The decreases were offset by the additional draw downs from the $100.0 million interest-free loan from Lilly, which we discounted to their present value by imputing interest on the amount at 20% and accreting to its face value over their terms by recording interest expense and by the accrued interest on our convertible debt facility with Elan. We expect that capital lease obligations will increase over time to fund capital equipment acquisitions required for our growing business. We will continue to use lease financing as long as the terms remain commercially attractive. Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at June 30, 2003 when combined with investment income and committed contractual cash payments from our partners, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated requirements for at least the next 36 months. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2003. The table provides a breakdown of when

obligations become due. A more detailed description of the major components of our debt is provided in the paragraphs following the table.

	Payments Due by Period (in thousands)
Contractual Obligations (selected balances described below)	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years	3-5 years		After 5 years
Convertible Partner Debt	$	91,475		$	16,200	$	75,275		$	—	$	—
5.5% Convertible Subordinated Notes	$	125,000		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	125,000
Standard Operating Debt	$	7,810		$	726	$	1,452		$	5,632	$	—
Capital Lease Obligations	$	7,664		$	3,534	$	4,067		$	63	$	—
Operating Leases	$	13,699		$	2,684	$	4,580		$	3,488	$	2,947

Our contractual obligations are composed primarily of publicly traded convertible debt and partner debt that we can repay on favorable terms with equity at our option. Convertible partner debt includes 1) the interest-free loan Lilly made available to us to fund the joint research collaboration; 2) the convertible promissory note provided by Elan to us in conjunction with the Orasense joint venture; and 3) the convertible debt provided by Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, or BI, associated with the collaborative agreement between the two companies.

In August 2001, Lilly made available to us a $100.0 million interest-free loan to fund the joint research collaboration between the two companies. The loan is interest-free and is repayable, at our option, in cash or common stock at $40 per share at the end of four years. The term of the loan provides for quarterly drawdowns by us. As of June 30, 2003, we had drawn down $61.3 million of the $100.0 million available. We are accounting for this loan using an imputed interest rate of 20%, consistent with market conditions in place at the time the loan was agreed to. We carry the net present value of the drawdowns as a long-term obligation and record interest expense over the term of the loan. The difference between the cash received and the present value of the loan represents value given to us by Lilly to help fund the research collaboration, and we are accounting for the difference as deferred revenue related to the collaboration, which is recognized as revenue over the period of performance. At June 30, 2003, the balance in long-term obligations was $39.9 million and the balance in deferred revenue was $21.4 million.

In April 1999, in conjunction with the Orasense joint venture, Elan made available to us an $18.4 million line of credit evidenced by a convertible promissory note. The terms of the convertible promissory note provide for interest at 12% per annum, compounded semi-annually, maturing April 19, 2005. No principal or interest payments are required until the end of the loan. The loan may be prepaid by us at any time, at our option, in whole or in part, in cash or in common stock at a price equal to the average market value of the common stock for the 60 trading days ending two business days prior to the date of prepayment. At any time prior to maturity, Elan may convert all or any portion of the loan outstanding into the number of shares of our common stock. Elan's conversion price for each amount we drew on the line of credit was set at the time we drew such amount. As of June 30, 2003, Elan's weighted average conversion price for the outstanding debt was $16.63 per share. The balance under this borrowing facility, including accrued interest, as of June 30, 2003 was $7.6 million. We cannot borrow any additional principal under this promissory note.

In 1996 and 1997, we borrowed a total of $22.6 million under a $40.0 million line of credit made available under the terms of our collaborative agreement with BI. The borrowed funds were used to fund research and development costs associated with the collaboration. Borrowings under the line of credit bear interest at the seven year U.S. interbanking rate plus 2.0%, determined at the time each advance was made, and range from 8.36% to 8.46%. Interest payments are due twice each year with principal repayment due seven years after the advance date. The principal may be repaid in cash or stock, at our option. If we elect to repay the loan in shares of our common stock, repayment will be

made at a share price equal to 90% of the average market value over the 20 trading days preceding the maturity date. The balance under this line of credit as of June 30, 2003 was $22.6 million.

The 5¹/2% convertible subordinated notes are due May 2009 and interest on these notes is payable on a semi-annual basis. The notes are convertible by its holders into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $16.625 per share. At June 30, 2003, the principal balance on this debt was $125.0 million.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risks described below before purchasing our securities. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business could be materially harmed, and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment.

If we or our partners fail to obtain regulatory approval for our products, we will not be able to sell them.

We and our partners must conduct time-consuming, extensive and costly clinical trials to show the safety and efficacy of each of our drug candidates before a drug candidate can be approved for sale. We must conduct these trials in compliance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations and with comparable regulations in other countries. If the FDA or another regulatory agency believes that we or our partners have not sufficiently demonstrated the safety or efficacy of our drug candidates, it will not approve them or will require additional studies, which can be time consuming and expensive and which will delay commercialization of a drug candidate. We and our partners may not be able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all, for any of our drug candidates. Failure to receive these approvals or delays in such receipt could prevent or delay commercial introduction of a product and, as a result, could negatively impact our ability to generate revenue from product sales. In addition, following approval of a drug candidate, we and our partners must comply with comprehensive government regulations regarding how we manufacture, market and distribute products. If we fail to comply with these regulations, regulators could force us to withdraw a drug candidate from the market or impose other penalties or requirements that could have a similar negative impact.

We have only introduced one commercial product, Vitravene. We cannot guarantee that any of our other drug candidates will be safe and effective, will be approved for commercialization or that our partners or we can successfully commercialize these drug candidates.

If the results of clinical testing indicate that any of our drugs under development, including Affinitak, are not suitable for commercial use, or if additional testing is required to demonstrate such suitability, we may need to abandon one or more of our drug development programs.

Drug discovery and development has inherent risks, including the risk that molecular targets prove not to be important in a particular disease, the risk that compounds that demonstrate attractive activity in preclinical studies do not demonstrate similar activity in human beings, and the risk that a compound is not safe or effective for use in humans. Antisense technology in particular is relatively new and unproven. We are applying most of our resources to create safe and effective drugs for human use. Any of the risks described above could prevent us from meeting this goal. In the past, we have invested in clinical studies of drug candidates, including some that remain in our pipeline, that have not resulted in proof of efficacy against targeted indications. In March 2003, we reported the results of our Phase III clinical trial of Affinitak in patients with late stage non-small cell lung cancer. In this trial, Affinitak, when added to carboplatin and paclitaxol, failed to demonstrate improved survival sufficient enough to support an NDA filing. A similar result could occur with the Affinitak trial Lilly is currently conducting as well as the trials for our other drugs.

If the market does not accept our products, we are not likely to generate significant revenues or become profitable.

Our success will depend upon the medical community, patients and third-party payors accepting our products as medically useful, cost-effective and safe. We cannot guarantee that, if approved for commercialization, doctors will use our products to treat patients. We currently have one commercially

available product, Vitravene, a treatment for cytomegalovirus, or CMV, retinitis in AIDS patients, which addresses a small market. Our partners and we may not successfully commercialize additional products.

The degree of market acceptance for any of our products depends upon a number of factors, including:

Based on the profile of our drug candidates, physicians, patients, patient advocates, payors or the medical community in general may not accept and use any products that we may develop.

If any of our collaborative partners fail to fund our collaborative programs or develop or sell any of our products under development, or if we cannot obtain additional partners, we may have to delay or stop progress on our drug development programs.

We have entered into collaborative arrangements with third parties to develop certain product candidates. We enter into these collaborations in order to:

If any of our partners fail to develop or sell any drug in which we have retained a financial interest, our business may suffer. These collaborations may not continue or result in commercialized drugs. Our collaborators can terminate their relationships with us under certain circumstances, some of which are outside of our control. Examples of terminated collaborations include the termination of our Hepatitis C research collaboration with Merck at the end of May 2003, the termination in 2002 of our HepaSense and Orasense collaborations with Elan and the termination of our collaboration with Merck to develop ISIS 113715.

We are collaborating with Lilly to develop Affinitak, our most advanced drug candidate, with Lilly funding Affinitak's development. Lilly could decide to discontinue its funding of Affinitak at any time. The results of our recently completed Phase III clinical trial for Affinitak, the market potential of Affinitak or negative results from Lilly's Phase III clinical trial for Affinitak could influence Lilly's decision to discontinue funding of future Affinitak activities.

Additional drug candidates in our development pipeline are being developed and/or funded by corporate partners, including Antisense Therapeutics Limited, OncoGenex Technologies Inc. and Lilly with respect to ISIS 23722, the antisense inhibitor to survivin. If any of these pharmaceutical company partners were to stop funding and/or developing these drug candidates, our business could suffer.

Certain of our partners are pursuing other technologies or developing other drug candidates either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors, to develop treatments for the

same diseases targeted by our own collaborative programs. Such competition may negatively impact the partners' focus on and commitment to our drug candidate and, as a result, could delay or otherwise negatively affect the commercialization of such drug candidate.

Historically, corporate partnering has played a key role in our strategy to fund our development programs and to add key development resources. We plan to continue to rely on additional collaborative arrangements to develop and commercialize our products. However, we may not be able to negotiate additional attractive collaborative arrangements, and, even if negotiated, the collaborative arrangements may not be successful.

In addition, the disappointing results of our recently completed Affinitak Phase III trial could cause our existing partners to reevaluate their commitment to our drug discovery platforms or could impair our ability to attract new collaborative partners. If any of our collaborative partners withdraw their resources or if we cannot continue to secure additional collaborative partners, our revenues could decrease and the development of our drug candidates could suffer.

If our GeneTrove program cannot market its products and services as planned, we could lose our investment in this technology.

Our business could suffer if pharmaceutical companies do not use our GeneTrove target validation or gene functionalization services. We have invested in the development of a gene target validation and gene functionalization service business for validation and functionalization of gene targets for drug discovery. If pharmaceutical companies fail to use these services due to competition or other factors, our GeneTrove program could fail to make the planned contribution to our financial performance.

For example, in November 2002, we terminated our GeneTrove database product offering and reorganized our GeneTrove program. Consequently, we incurred a one-time charge of approximately $1.4 million associated with the restructuring during the fourth quarter of 2002.

We have incurred losses, and our business will suffer if we fail to achieve profitability in the future.

Because drug discovery and development and research services require substantial lead-time and money prior to commercialization, our expenses have exceeded our revenue since we were founded in January 1989. As of June 30, 2003, our accumulated losses were approximately $507.7 million. Most of the losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with our research and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations. Most of our revenue has come from collaborative arrangements, with additional revenue from interest income and research grants and the sale or licensing of patents. We currently derive our current product revenue solely from sales of Vitravene. This product has limited sales potential. We expect to incur additional operating losses over the next several years, and these losses may increase if we cannot increase or sustain revenue. We may not successfully develop any additional products or services, or achieve or sustain future profitability.

If we fail to obtain timely funding, we may need to curtail or abandon some of our programs.

Most of our product candidates are still undergoing clinical trials or are in the early stages of research and development. All of our products under development will require significant additional research, development, preclinical and/or clinical testing, regulatory approval and a commitment of significant additional resources prior to their commercialization. Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of June 30, 2003, combined with investment income and committed contractual cash payments will be sufficient to meet our anticipated requirements for at least the next 36 months. If we do not meet our goals to commercialize our drug products and research services or to license our proprietary technologies, we

may need additional funding in the future. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, such as the following:

If we need additional funds, we may need to raise them through public or private financing. Additional financing may not be available at all or on acceptable terms. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the shares of existing stockholders will be diluted and their price, as well as the price of our other securities, may decline. If adequate funds are not available, we may have to cut back on one or more of our research, drug discovery or development programs or obtain funds through arrangements with collaborative partners or others. These arrangements may require us to give up rights to certain of our technologies, product candidates or products.

If we cannot manufacture our products or contract with a third party to manufacture our products at costs that allow us to charge competitive prices to buyers, we will not be able to market products profitably.

If we successfully commercialize any of our drug candidates, we may be required to establish large-scale commercial manufacturing capabilities. In addition, as our drug development pipeline increases and matures, we will have a greater need for clinical trial and commercial manufacturing capacity. Pharmaceutical products of the chemical class represented by our drug candidates, called oligonucleotides, have never been manufactured on a large scale. We have a limited number of suppliers for certain capital equipment and raw materials that we use to manufacture our drugs, and some of these suppliers will need to increase their scale of production to meet our projected needs for commercial manufacturing. Further, we must continue to improve our manufacturing processes to allow us to reduce our product costs. We may not be able to manufacture at a cost or in quantities necessary to make commercially successful products.

Also, manufacturers, including us, must adhere to the FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations, which the FDA enforces through its facilities inspection program. We and our contract manufacturers may not be able to comply or maintain compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices regulations. Non-compliance could significantly delay our receipt of marketing approval for potential products or result in FDA enforcement action after approval that could limit the commercial success of our potential product.

If we fail to compete effectively, our products will not contribute significant revenues.

Our competitors are engaged in all areas of drug discovery throughout the world, are numerous, and include, among others, major pharmaceutical companies and specialized biopharmaceutical firms. Other companies are engaged in developing antisense technology. Our competitors may succeed in developing drug candidates that are more effective than any drug candidates that we are developing. These competitive developments could make our products obsolete or non-competitive.

Our GeneTrove program competes with other companies in the use of antisense technology, including siRNA, for gene target validation and gene functionalization, as well as with other technologies that are useful for target validation and gene functionalization. Our competition may provide services having more value to potential customers or may market their services more effectively to potential customers. In either case, our gene functionalization and target validation businesses may not contribute to our financial performance as planned.

Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do. In addition, many of these competitors have significantly greater experience than we do in conducting preclinical testing and human clinical trials of new pharmaceutical products and in obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals of products for use in health care. Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for products earlier than we do. We will also compete with respect to marketing and sales capabilities, areas in which we have limited or no experience.

If we cannot protect our patents or our proprietary rights, others may compete more directly against us.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to develop and secure intellectual property rights to proprietary products and services. However, we may not receive issued patents on any of our pending patent applications in the United States or in other countries. In addition, the scope of any of our issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to provide us with a competitive advantage. Furthermore, our issued patents or patents licensed to us may be successfully challenged, invalidated or circumvented so that our patent rights would not create an effective competitive barrier.

Intellectual property litigation could be expensive and prevent us from pursuing our programs.

It is possible that in the future we may have to defend our intellectual property rights. In the event of an intellectual property dispute, we may be forced to litigate to defend our rights or assert them against others. Disputes could involve litigation or proceedings declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International Trade Commission. Intellectual property litigation can be extremely expensive, and this expense, as well as the consequences should we not prevail, could seriously harm our business.

If a third party claims that our products or technology infringe their patents or other intellectual property rights, we may have to discontinue an important product or product line, alter our products and processes, pay license fees or cease certain activities. We may not be able to obtain a license to such intellectual property on favorable terms, if at all. There are many patents issued or applied for in the biotechnology industry, and we may not be aware of patents or applications held by others that relate to our business. This is especially true since patent applications in the United States are filed confidentially. Moreover, the validity and breadth of biotechnology patents involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal issues remain unresolved.

If we do not progress in our programs as anticipated, the price of our securities could decrease.

For planning purposes, we estimate the timing of a variety of clinical, regulatory and other milestones, such as when a certain product candidate will enter the clinic, when a clinical trial will be completed or when an application for marketing approval will be filed. Our estimates are based on present facts and a variety of assumptions. Many of the underlying assumptions are outside of our control. If milestones are not achieved when we expect them to be, investors could be disappointed and the price of our securities would likely decrease.

For example, since the data from our Phase III trial for Affinitak were not sufficiently positive to support a single study NDA, we now must wait for the results of Lilly's ongoing Phase III Affinitak

trial before we reevaluate whether the data are sufficiently positive to support filing an NDA for Affinitak. We expect results from this second Phase III trial in 2004.

The loss of key personnel, or the inability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, could make it more difficult to run our business and reduce our likelihood of success.

We are dependent on the principal members of our management and scientific staff. We do not have employment agreements with any of our management. The loss of our management and key scientific employees might slow the achievement of important research and development goals. It is also critical to our success that we recruit and retain qualified scientific personnel to perform research and development work. We may not be able to attract and retain skilled and experienced scientific personnel on acceptable terms because of intense competition for experienced scientists among many pharmaceutical and health care companies, universities and non-profit research institutions. Failure to succeed in specific clinical trials, including the recently announced Phase III Affinitak results, may make it more challenging to recruit and retain qualified scientific personnel.

If the price of our securities continues to be highly volatile, this could make it harder for you to liquidate your investment and could increase your risk of suffering a loss.

The market price of our common stock, like that of the securities of many other biopharmaceutical companies, has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile. These fluctuations in our common stock price may significantly affect the trading price of our convertible notes. During the 12 months preceding June 30, 2003, the market price of our common stock has ranged from $2.50 to $11.86 per share. Many factors can affect the market price of our securities, including, for example, fluctuations in our operating results, announcements of collaborations, clinical trial results, technological innovations or new drug products being developed by us or our competitors, governmental regulation, regulatory approval, developments in patent or other proprietary rights, public concern regarding the safety of our drugs and general market conditions.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation, other agreements and Delaware law may prevent stockholders from receiving a premium for their shares.

Our certificate of incorporation provides for classified terms for the members of our board of directors. Our certificate also includes a provision that requires at least 66²/3% of our voting stockholders to approve a merger or certain other business transactions with, or proposed by, any holder of 15% or more of our voting stock, except in cases where certain directors approve the transaction or certain minimum price criteria and other procedural requirements are met.

Our certificate of incorporation also requires that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be taken at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken by written consent. In addition, only our board of directors, chairman of the board or chief executive officer can call special meetings of our stockholders. We also have implemented a stockholders' rights plan, also called a poison pill, which could make it uneconomical for a third party to acquire our company on a hostile basis. These provisions, as well as Delaware law and other of our agreements, may discourage certain types of transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices, and may limit the ability of our stockholders to approve transactions that they think may be in their best interests. In addition, our board of directors has the authority to fix the rights and preferences of and issue shares of preferred stock, which may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company without action by our stockholders.

If registration rights that we have previously granted are exercised, then the price of our securities may be negatively affected.

We have granted registration rights in connection with the issuance of our securities to Elan International Services, Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company, and Reliance Insurance Company. In the aggregate, these registration rights cover approximately 4,166,667 shares of our common stock, which are currently outstanding and additional shares of our common stock, which may become outstanding upon the conversion of outstanding convertible securities. If these holders exercise their registration rights, it will bring additional shares of our common stock into the market, which may have an adverse effect on the price of our securities.

We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily from our long-term debt arrangements and, secondarily, investments in certain short-term investments. We invest our excess cash in highly liquid short-term investments that are typically held for the duration of the term of the respective instrument. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions to manage exposure to interest rate changes. Accordingly, we believe that, while the securities we hold are subject to changes in the financial standing of the issuer of such securities, we are not subject to any material risks arising from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices or other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments.

For the period ended June 30, 2003, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2003. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to June 30, 2003.

On June 10, 2003, the Company's Annual Meeting of Stockholders was held in Carlsbad, California for the following purposes:

Exhibit Number		Description of Document
10.1—		Waiver and Release Agreement dated June 5, 2003 between the Registrant and Eli Lilly and Company (with certain confidential information deleted).
10.2—		Amendment Number One to Development and License Agreement dated June 5, 2003 between the Registrant and Eli Lilly and Company (with certain confidential information deleted).
10.3—		Initial Collaboration Agreement dated June 23, 2003 between the Registrant and Industrial Technology Research Institutes (with certain confidential information deleted).
10.4—		Form of Severance Agreement dated April 2003 entered into between the Registrant and its executive officers and certain key employees, together with related schedule.
31.1—		Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2—		Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1—		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

(Mark One)
ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2003
OR
o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporations or organization)		33-0336973 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2292 Faraday Avenue, Carlsbad, CA 92008 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(760) 931-9200 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

			Page
PART I		FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	ITEM 1:	Financial Statements:
		Condensed Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2003 (unaudited) and December 31, 2002	3
		Condensed Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002 (unaudited)	4
		Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002 (unaudited)	5
		Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	6
	ITEM 2:	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:	14
		Results of Operations	17
		Liquidity and Capital Resources	21
		Risk Factors	24
	ITEM 3:	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
	ITEM 4:	Controls and Procedures	31
PART II		OTHER INFORMATION
	ITEM 1:	Legal Proceedings	31
	ITEM 2:	Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
	ITEM 3:	Default upon Senior Securities	31
	ITEM 4:	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders	31
	ITEM 5:	Other Information	31
	ITEM 6:	Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K	32
SIGNATURES			33

				June 30, 2003			December 31, 2002
				(Unaudited)			(Note)
ASSETS
Current assets:
	Cash and cash equivalents			$	85,318		$	101,856
	Short-term investments				170,614			187,497
	Contracts receivable				2,725			14,906
	Inventory				6,564			11,090
	Other current assets				6,733			4,831

		Total current assets			271,954			320,180
Property, plant and equipment, net					39,269			59,094
Licenses, net					29,507			30,749
Patents, net					20,644			18,904
Deposits and other assets					8,856			9,186
Long-term investments					626			570

		Total assets		$	370,856		$	438,683

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
	Accounts payable			$	3,781		$	5,524
	Accrued compensation				3,740			3,330
	Accrued liabilities				7,713			6,794
	Amount due to affiliates				—			5,193
	Current portion of long-term obligations				20,332			21,435
	Current portion of deferred contract revenues				19,642			33,674

		Total current liabilities			55,208			75,950
5¹/2% convertible subordinated notes					125,000			125,000
Long-term obligations, less current portion					65,221			67,893
Long-term deferred contract revenue, less current portion					12,592			14,363
Stockholders' equity:
	Series B Convertible Exchangeable 5% Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 16,620 shares authorized, 12,015 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002				12,015			12,015
	Accretion of Series B Preferred stock dividends				2,209			1,866
	Common stock, $.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 55,391,983 shares and 55,215,785 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively				55			55
	Additional paid-in capital				603,364			602,101
	Deferred compensation				(230	)		(59	)
	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)				3,076			(608	)
	Accumulated deficit				(507,654	)		(459,893	)

		Total stockholders' equity			112,835			155,477

			Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	370,856		$	438,683

			Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
			2003			2002			2003			2002
Revenue:
	Research and development revenue under collaborative agreements		$	14,900		$	17,889		$	28,681		$	32,603
	Research and development revenue from affiliates			—			2,087			—			5,121
	Licensing and royalty revenue			116			85			316			296

		Total revenue		15,016			20,061			28,997			38,020

Operating expenses:
	Research and development			30,179			31,530			60,439			58,513
	General and administrative			2,431			2,444			5,054			4,671
	Compensation (benefit) related to stock options			123			(1,574	)		132			(3,106	)
	Restructuring activities			1,803			—			1,803			—

		Total operating expenses		34,536			32,400			67,428			60,078

Loss from operations				(19,520	)		(12,339	)		(38,431	)		(22,058	)
Other income (expenses):
	Equity in loss of affiliates			—			(3,960	)		—			(9,726	)
	Investment income			1,167			1,892			2,803			4,036
	Interest expense			(4,745	)		(4,164	)		(9,352	)		(8,795	)
	Loss on investments			—			—			(2,438	)		—
	Loss on prepayment of debt			—			(2,294	)		—			(2,294	)

Net loss				(23,098	)		(20,865	)		(47,418	)		(38,837	)
Accretion of dividends on preferred stock				(172	)		(335	)		(343	)		(670	)

Net loss applicable to common stock			$	(23,270	)	$	(21,200	)	$	(47,761	)	$	(39,507	)

Basic and diluted net loss per share			$	(0.42	)	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.86	)	$	(0.73	)

Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share				55,380			54,117			55,378			54,022

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2003			2002
Net cash used in operating activities			$	(40,308	)	$	(70,777	)
Investing activities:
	Purchase of short-term investments			(93,594	)		(105,932	)
	Proceeds from the sale of short-term investments			110,578			74,560
	Purchase of property, plant and equipment			(5,343	)		(12,450	)
	Other assets			(2,481	)		(2,667	)
	Investments in affiliates			(5,193	)		(3,690	)

		Net cash provided from (used in) investing activities		3,967			(50,179	)

Financing activities:
	Net proceeds from issuance of equity			962			6,475
	Proceeds from long-term borrowings			22,116			18,513
	Net proceeds from issuance of convertible debt			—			120,935
	Principal payments on debt and capital lease obligations			(3,275	)		(1,901	)
	Principal payment on prepayment of debt			—			(40,060	)

		Net cash provided from financing activities		19,803			103,962

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents				(16,538	)		(16,994	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period				101,856			127,011

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period			$	85,318		$	110,017

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
	Interest paid		$	4,931		$	34,003

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
	Decrease in property, plant and equipment and notes payable		$	21,200		$	—

	Decrease in inventory and deferred revenue		$	8,750		$	—

	June 30, 2003		December 31, 2002
Raw materials	$	2,780	$	10,186
Work-in-process		3,784		904

	$	6,564	$	11,090

		Three Months Ended June 30, 2002			Six Months Ended June 30, 2002
Revenue		$	—		$	—
Research and development expense			1,080			4,311

	Net loss	$	(1,080	)		(4,311	)

		Three Months Ended June 30, 2002			Six Months Ended June 30, 2002
Revenue		$	—		$	—
Research and development expense			3,864			7,833

	Net loss	$	(3,864	)	$	(7,833	)

Signatures	Title	Date

/s/ STANLEY T. CROOKE, M.D., PH.D. Stanley T. Crooke, M.D., Ph.D.	Chairman of the Board, President, and Chief Executive Officer (Principal executive officer)	August 13, 2003
/s/ B. LYNNE PARSHALL B. Lynne Parshall, Esq.	Director, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (Principal financial and accounting officer)	August 13, 2003