UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One) | |
ý |
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2003 |
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or |
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o |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 0-8360
IHOP CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
95-3038279 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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450 North Brand Boulevard, Glendale, California (Address of principal executive offices) |
91203-1903 (Zip Code) |
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(818) 240-6055 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes ý No o
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class |
Outstanding as of April 30, 2003 |
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Common Stock, $.01 par value | 21,439,754 |
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
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Page |
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PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||
Item 1Financial Statements |
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Consolidated Balance SheetsMarch 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002 |
3 |
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Consolidated Statements of OperationsThree Months Ended March 31, 2003 and 2002 |
4 |
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Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsThree Months Ended March 31, 2003 and 2002 |
5 |
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
6 |
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Item 2Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
9 |
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Item 3Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
18 |
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Item 4Controls and Procedures |
18 |
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PART II. |
OTHER INFORMATION |
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Item 6Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K |
19 |
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(a) Exhibits |
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(b) Reports on Form 8-K |
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Signatures |
20 |
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Certifications |
21 & 22 |
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)
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March 31, 2003 |
December 31, 2002 |
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(Unaudited) |
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Assets | |||||||||
Current assets | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 65,393 | $ | 98,739 | |||||
Marketable securities | 21,123 | | |||||||
Receivables, net | 46,967 | 46,740 | |||||||
Reacquired franchises and equipment held for sale, net | 2,535 | 2,619 | |||||||
Inventories | 911 | 889 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses | 8,964 | 10,114 | |||||||
Total current assets | 145,893 | 159,101 | |||||||
Long-term receivables | 333,487 | 332,792 | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 300,153 | 286,226 | |||||||
Reacquired franchises and equipment held for sale, net | 14,364 | 14,842 | |||||||
Excess of costs over net assets acquired, net | 10,767 | 10,767 | |||||||
Other assets | 18,742 | 16,072 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 823,406 | $ | 819,800 | |||||
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||
Current liabilities | |||||||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 5,949 | $ | 5,949 | |||||
Accounts payable | 15,764 | 24,079 | |||||||
Accrued employee compensation and benefits | 8,733 | 7,625 | |||||||
Dividends payable | 5,359 | | |||||||
Other accrued expenses | 14,180 | 11,936 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | 1,472 | 1,370 | |||||||
Capital lease obligations | 2,724 | 2,605 | |||||||
Total current liabilities | 54,181 | 53,564 | |||||||
Long-term debt | 145,259 | 145,768 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | 69,522 | 69,606 | |||||||
Capital lease obligations | 171,545 | 171,170 | |||||||
Other liabilities | 17,054 | 15,303 | |||||||
Commitments and contingencies | | | |||||||
Stockholders' equity | |||||||||
Preferred stock, $1 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued | | | |||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized; March 31, 2003: 21,437,754 shares issued and 21,382,553 shares outstanding; December 31, 2002: 21,427,287 shares issued and 21,279,500 outstanding | 214 | 214 | |||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 91,541 | 90,770 | |||||||
Retained earnings | 275,373 | 274,768 | |||||||
Deferred compensation | (380 | ) | (434 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (651 | ) | (680 | ) | |||||
Treasury stock, at cost (55,201 shares and 147,787 shares at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively) | (809 | ) | (2,247 | ) | |||||
Contribution to ESOP | 557 | 1,998 | |||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 365,845 | 364,389 | |||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 823,406 | $ | 819,800 | |||||
See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2003 |
2002 |
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Revenues | |||||||
Franchise revenues | $ | 33,786 | $ | 30,040 | |||
Rental income | 28,314 | 23,974 | |||||
Company restaurant sales | 19,674 | 17,790 | |||||
Financing revenues | 12,217 | 9,736 | |||||
Total revenues | 93,991 | 81,540 | |||||
Costs and Expenses | |||||||
Franchise expenses | 15,401 | 13,757 | |||||
Rental expenses | 19,985 | 17,488 | |||||
Company restaurant expenses | 20,908 | 18,554 | |||||
Financing expenses | 6,833 | 4,035 | |||||
General and administrative expenses | 12,267 | 10,685 | |||||
Other (income) expense, net | 2,347 | 1,411 | |||||
Reorganization charges | 6,709 | | |||||
Total costs and expenses | 84,450 | 65,930 | |||||
Income before income taxes | 9,541 | 15,610 | |||||
Provision for income taxes | 3,578 | 5,854 | |||||
Net income | $ | 5,963 | $ | 9,756 | |||
Net Income Per Share | |||||||
Basic | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.47 | |||
Diluted | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.46 | |||
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding | |||||||
Basic | 21,313 | 20,771 | |||||
Diluted | 21,443 | 21,169 | |||||
Dividends Declared Per Share | $ | 0.25 | $ | | |||
See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2003 |
2002 |
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Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 5,963 | $ | 9,756 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 4,414 | 3,859 | ||||||||
Reorganization charges | 5,534 | | ||||||||
Deferred income taxes | 18 | (1,713 | ) | |||||||
Contribution to ESOP | 557 | 404 | ||||||||
Tax benefit from stock option exercise | 22 | 584 | ||||||||
Changes in current assets and liabilities | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable | 471 | 1,532 | ||||||||
Inventories | (22 | ) | 31 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses | 1,150 | 4,361 | ||||||||
Accounts payable | (8,315 | ) | (4,597 | ) | ||||||
Accrued employee compensation and benefits | 1,108 | (284 | ) | |||||||
Other accrued expenses | 2,244 | 2,458 | ||||||||
Other | 178 | (164 | ) | |||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 13,322 | 16,227 | ||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||
Additions to property and equipment | (27,306 | ) | (20,857 | ) | ||||||
Additions to notes | (2,022 | ) | (1,735 | ) | ||||||
Purchase of marketable securities | (21,123 | ) | | |||||||
Principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable | 3,489 | 3,740 | ||||||||
Additions to reacquired franchises held for sale | (447 | ) | (258 | ) | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (47,409 | ) | (19,110 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, including revolving line of credit | | 16,763 | ||||||||
Proceeds from sale and leaseback arrangements | 1,619 | 10,885 | ||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt, including revolving line of credit | (509 | ) | (15,347 | ) | ||||||
Principal payments on capital lease obligations | (558 | ) | (440 | ) | ||||||
Exercise of stock options | 189 | 1,771 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 741 | 13,632 | ||||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (33,346 | ) | 10,749 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 98,739 | 6,252 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 65,393 | $ | 17,001 | ||||||
Supplemental disclosures | ||||||||||
Interest paid, net of capitalized amounts | $ | 4,585 | $ | 4,984 | ||||||
Income taxes paid | 30 | 45 | ||||||||
Capital lease obligations incurred | 1,052 | |
See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. General: The accompanying consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). These financial statements have not been audited by independent public accountants but include all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring accruals, which in the opinion of management of IHOP Corp. and Subsidiaries ("IHOP" or "the Company") are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2002, has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2003 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2003.
2. Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period information to conform to the current period presentation.
3. Segments: On January 13, 2003 the Company announced significant changes in the way we conduct our business. These include a transition from Company-financed restaurant development to a more traditional franchise development model, in which franchisees finance and develop their new restaurants. As a result of the change in IHOP's business model the Company has also changed the presentation of its segment information. IHOP identifies its operating segments based on the organizational units used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. The Franchise Operations segment includes restaurants operated by franchisees and area licensees in the United States and Canada. The Franchise Operations segment consists primarily of royalty revenues, sales of proprietary products, advertising fees and franchise fees. The Rental Operations segment consists of rental income and expense and direct financing lease interest income and capital lease expense on restaurants operated by franchisees. The Company Restaurant Operations segment includes Company-operated restaurants in the United States. The Finance Operations segment consists of sales of franchises and equipment as well as interest income from the financing of franchise fee and equipment contract notes. Prior period segment information has been restated to conform with the current year presentation. Information on segments and a reconciliation to income before income taxes are as follows:
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Franchise Operations |
Rental Operations |
Company Restaurant Operations |
Finance Operations |
General and Administrative and Other |
Consolidated Total |
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenues from external customers | $ | 33,786 | $ | 28,314 | $ | 19,674 | $ | 12,217 | $ | | $ | 93,991 | ||||||
Intercompany real estate charges | | 3,472 | 496 | | (3,968 | ) | | |||||||||||
Depreciation & amortization | | 1,160 | 1,106 | | 2,148 | 4,414 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | | 4,398 | 429 | 1,670 | | 6,497 | ||||||||||||
Reorganization charges | | | | | 6,709 | 6,709 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | 18,385 | 4,857 | (1,591 | ) | 5,384 | (17,494 | ) | 9,541 | ||||||||||
Income tax expense | | | | | 3,578 | 3,578 | ||||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2002 |
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Revenues from external customers | $ | 30,040 | $ | 23,974 | $ | 17,790 | $ | 9,736 | $ | | $ | 81,540 | ||||||
Intercompany real estate charges | | 1,559 | 411 | | (1,970 | ) | | |||||||||||
Depreciation & amortization | | 1,651 | 1,063 | | 1,145 | 3,859 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | | 4,131 | 562 | 577 | | 5,270 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | 16,283 | 4,927 | (1,074 | ) | 5,701 | (10,227 | ) | 15,610 | ||||||||||
Income tax expense | | | | | 5,854 | 5,854 |
6
4. New Accounting Pronouncements: In June 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities" ("SFAS 146"). This statement addresses significant issues regarding the recognition, measurement, and reporting of costs associated with exit or disposal activities, and nullifies Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, "Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring)." Costs addressed by SFAS No. 146 include costs to terminate a contract that is not a capital lease, costs of involuntary employee termination benefits pursuant to a one-time benefit arrangement, costs to consolidate facilities, and costs to relocate employees. This statement will be effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 146 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosurean amendment of FASB Statement No. 123." This statement amends FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The amendments to Statement No. 123 regarding disclosure are effective for financial statements for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002. The Company has adopted the annual disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 148 in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002 and adopted the interim disclosure provisions for its financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. As the adoption of this standard involves only the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect a material impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others" ("FIN 45"). This interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees that it has issued and requires that they be recorded at fair value. The initial recognition and measurement provisions of this interpretation are to be applied only on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002, which is the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2003 for IHOP. The disclosure requirements of this interpretation are effective for financial statements of interim or annual periods ending after December 15, 2002. The Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 45 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, result of operations or cash flows.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 ("FIN 46"), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51." The purpose of this interpretation is to provide guidance on how to identify a variable interest entity ("VIE") and determine when the assets, liabilities, non-controlling interests, and results of operations of a VIE need to be included in a company's consolidated financial statements. FIN 46 is effective for all VIEs created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For VIEs created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 must be applied for the first interim or annual period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company currently has no contractual relationship or other business relationship with a VIE and therefore the adoption of FIN 46 did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
7
5. Stock Based Employee Compensation: In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," we have elected to account for our stock-based employee compensation plans under the intrinsic value method which requires compensation expense to be recorded only if, on the date of grant, the current market price of the Company's common stock exceeds the exercise price the employee must pay for the stock. The Company's policy is to grant stock options at the fair market value of the underlying stock at the date of grant. Had compensation expense for our stock option plans been determined based on the fair value at the grant date for awards through March 31, 2003 consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, our after-tax net income and after-tax net income per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below (in thousands, except net income per share data):
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2003 |
2002 |
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Net income, as reported | $ | 5,963 | $ | 9,756 | |||
Add stock-based compensation expense included in reported net income, net of tax | 34 | | |||||
Less stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair-value accounting method, net of tax | (248 | ) | (349 | ) | |||
Net income, pro forma | $ | 5,749 | $ | 9,407 | |||
Net income per sharediluted, as reported | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.46 | |||
Net income per sharediluted, pro forma | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.44 |
6. Reorganization Charges: In January 2003, the Company adopted a new operating model, moving from Company-developed and financed restaurant growth to franchisee-financed development. As a result, 2003 financial results will be impacted by certain transition and reorganization charges. We incurred $5.5 million in expenses related to the write-off of development costs associated with potential sites that we are no longer going to develop as a result of the adoption of our new business model. In addition, we incurred $1.2 million in management consulting and legal fees associated with the transition to our new business model.
7. Stockholder's Equity: On March 24, the Company declared its first quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per common stock, which will be payable on May 19, 2003 to stockholders of record as of May 1, 2003. As a result, the Company recorded both a reduction in retained earnings and a current liability in the amount of $5.4 million.
8. Marketable Securities: Marketable securities are classified as "held-to-maturity" and carried at amortized cost which approximates fair value. These securities consist of corporate bonds, with maturities of less than one year, in the amount of $21.1 million as of March 31, 2003.
8
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain operating data for IHOP restaurants:
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2003 |
2002 |
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(In thousands) (Unaudited) |
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Restaurant Data | ||||||||||
Effective restaurants(a) | ||||||||||
Franchise | 903 | 823 | ||||||||
Company | 76 | 74 | ||||||||
Area license | 125 | 121 | ||||||||
Total | 1,104 | 1,018 | ||||||||
System-wide | ||||||||||
Sales(b) | $ | 413,825 | $ | 365,840 | ||||||
Percent change | 13.1 | % | 10.6 | % | ||||||
Average sales per effective restaurant | $ | 375 | $ | 359 | ||||||
Percent change | 4.5 | % | 5.0 | % | ||||||
Comparable sales percentage change(c) | 2.2 | % | 2.0 | % | ||||||
Franchise | ||||||||||
Sales | $ | 358,373 | $ | 314,723 | ||||||
Percent change | 13.9 | % | 14.4 | % | ||||||
Average sales per effective restaurant | $ | 397 | $ | 382 | ||||||
Percent change | 3.9 | % | 3.2 | % | ||||||
Comparable sales percentage change(c) | 2.4 | % | 2.1 | % | ||||||
Company | ||||||||||
Sales | $ | 19,674 | $ | 17,790 | ||||||
Percent change | 10.6 | % | 6.0 | % | ||||||
Average sales per effective restaurant | $ | 259 | $ | 240 | ||||||
Percent change | 7.9 | % | 4.3 | % | ||||||
Area License | ||||||||||
Sales | $ | 35,778 | $ | 33,327 | ||||||
Percent change | 7.4 | % | (13.9 | )% | ||||||
Average sales per effective restaurant | $ | 286 | $ | 275 | ||||||
Percent change | 4.0 | % | 7.8 | % |
9
The following table summarizes IHOP's restaurant development and franchising activity:
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2003 |
2002 |
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(Unaudited) |
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RESTAURANT DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY | ||||||||
IHOP-beginning of period | 1,103 | 1,017 | ||||||
New openings | ||||||||
IHOP-developed | 17 | 10 | ||||||
Franchisee-developed | 3 | 1 | ||||||
Area license | | 1 | ||||||
Total new openings | 20 | 12 | ||||||
Closings | ||||||||
Company and franchise | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
IHOP-end of period | 1,118 | 1,028 | ||||||
Summary-end of period | ||||||||
Franchise | 913 | 830 | ||||||
Company | 80 | 75 | ||||||
Area license | 125 | 123 | ||||||
Total IHOP | 1,118 | 1,028 | ||||||
RESTAURANT FRANCHISING ACTIVITY | ||||||||
IHOP-developed | 11 | 9 | ||||||
Franchisee-developed | 3 | 1 | ||||||
Rehabilitated and refranchised | 1 | | ||||||
Total restaurants franchised | 15 | 10 | ||||||
Reacquired by IHOP | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Closed | (2 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
Net addition | 11 | 7 | ||||||
Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion and analysis provides information we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of IHOP's consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Certain forward-looking statements are contained in this report. They use such words as "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "plan," or other similar terminology. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results to be materially different than those expressed or implied in such statements. These factors include, but are not limited to: risks associated with the implementation of the Company's new strategic growth plan; availability of suitable locations and terms for the sites designated for development; legislation and government regulation, including the ability to obtain satisfactory regulatory approvals; conditions beyond IHOP's control such as weather, natural disasters or acts of war or terrorism; availability and cost of materials and labor; cost and availability of capital; competition; continuing acceptance of the International House of Pancakes brand and concept by guests and franchisees; IHOP's overall marketing, operational and financial performance; economic and political conditions; adoption of new, or changes in, accounting policies and practices and other factors discussed from time to time in our press releases, public statements and/or filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking information is provided by us pursuant to the safe harbor established under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and should be evaluated in the context of these factors. In addition, we disclaim any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.
10
On January 13, 2003 the Company announced significant changes in the way we conduct our business. These include a transition from Company-financed restaurant development (the "Old Model") to a more traditional franchise development model, in which franchisees finance and develop their new restaurants (the "New Model").
Franchising
The Company views 2003 as a year of transition from the Old Model to the New Model. Accordingly, our franchising activities will include both models in 2003. For clarity of presentation, the discussion below is separated between those activities specific to the Old Model and those which apply to the New Model.
Old Model
Under the Old Model, when we develop a restaurant we identify the site for the new restaurant, purchase the site or lease it from a third party, and build the restaurant and equip it with all required equipment. We select and train the franchisee and supervisory personnel who will operate the restaurant. In addition, we finance approximately 80% of the franchise fee and lease the restaurant and equipment to the franchisee. After the franchisee is operating the restaurant, we provide continuing support with respect to operations, marketing and new product development.
Our involvement in the development of new restaurants allows IHOP to charge a franchise and development fee ranging from $200,000 to $375,000. In addition, we derive income from the financing of the franchise fee and from the leasing of property and equipment to franchisees. However, we also incur obligations in the development, franchising and start-up operations of the new restaurants.
The franchisee typically pays approximately 20% of the initial franchise fee in cash, and we finance the remaining amount over five to eight years. We also receive continuing revenues from the franchisee as follows: (1) a royalty equal to 4.5% of the restaurant's sales; (2) income from the leasing of the restaurant property and related equipment; (3) revenue from the sale of certain proprietary products, primarily pancake mixes; (4) a local advertising fee equal to about 2% of the restaurant's sales, which is usually collected by IHOP and then paid to a local advertising cooperative; and (5) a national advertising fee equal to 1% of the restaurant's sales.
New Model
Under the New Model, IHOP's approach to franchising is similar to that of most of our franchising competitors in the foodservice industry. Franchisees can undertake individual store development or multi-store development. Under the single store development program, the franchisee will be required to pay a non-refundable location fee of $15,000. If the proposed site is approved for development, the location fee of $15,000 will be credited against an initial franchise fee of $50,000. The franchisee will then use his or her own capital and financial resources to acquire this site, build and equip the business and to fund working capital needs.
In addition to offering franchises for individual restaurants, the Company intends to enter into multi-store development agreements with qualified franchisees. These multi-store development agreements will provide franchisees with an exclusive right to develop new IHOP restaurants in designated geographic territories for a specified period of time. Multi-store developers will be required to develop and operate a specified number of restaurants according to an agreed upon development schedule. Multi-store developers will be required to pay a development fee of $20,000 for each restaurant to be developed under a multi-store development agreement. Additionally, for each store which is actually developed, there will be an initial franchise fee of $40,000 against which the
11
development fee of $20,000 will be credited. The number of stores and the schedule of stores to be developed under multi-store development agreements will be negotiated on an agreement by agreement basis. Therefore, the total development and initial franchise fees will be subject to the outcome of those negotiations. With respect to restaurants developed under the New Model, the Company will receive continuing revenues from the franchisee as follows: (1) a royalty equal to 4.5% of the restaurant's sales; (2) revenue from the sale of certain proprietary products, primarily pancake mixes; (3) a local advertising fee equal to about 2% of the restaurant's sales, which is usually paid to a local advertising cooperative; and (4) a national advertising fee equal to 1% of the restaurant's sales.
It is the Company's expectation that under the New Model a larger proportion of restaurants will be franchised to people who are new to the IHOP system. While there is no specific profile for franchise candidates, the Company expects to market franchises to existing multi-unit operators who currently own and operate restaurants in both the IHOP system and in other non-competing segments of the restaurant business, e.g. quick service restaurants or casual dining.
Segment Reporting
IHOP's revenues and expenses are recorded in four categories: franchise operations, rental operations, Company restaurant operations and finance operations.
Franchise revenue includes payments from franchisees and area licensees of royalties, advertising fees, proceeds from the sale of proprietary products, primarily pancake mix, and franchise fees. Franchise expenses include advertising and the cost of proprietary products.
Rental revenue includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental expenses are costs of operating leases and interest expense on capital leases on franchise-operated restaurants.
Company restaurant sales are retail sales at IHOP-operated restaurants. Company restaurant costs and expenses are operating expenses at IHOP-operated restaurants and include food, labor and benefits, utilities, rent and other real estate related costs.
Financing revenues include the portion of franchise fees associated with development and financing, proceeds from the sale of restaurant equipment, and interest income from the financing of franchise and equipment notes. Financing operations costs and expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment and interest expense not associated with capital leases.
Other (income) expense, net consists of revenues and expenses not related to IHOP's core business operations. These include gains and losses realized from closing and selling restaurants, which are no longer operated as IHOP Restaurants, and are unpredictable in timing and amount.
Comparison of Quarter Ended March 31, 2003 to Quarter Ended March 31, 2002
The fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2003 and 2002 were comprised of 13 weeks (91 days).
System-Wide Retail Sales
System-wide retail sales include the sales of all IHOP restaurants as reported to IHOP by its franchisees, area licensees and Company-operated restaurants. System-wide retail sales grew by $48.0 million or 13.1% in the first quarter of 2003 over the same period in 2002. Growth in the number of effective restaurants from 1,018 to 1,104 and increases in average sales per effective restaurant from $359,000 to $375,000 caused the growth in system-wide sales. "Effective restaurants" are the number of restaurants in operation in a given fiscal period, adjusted to account for restaurants in operation for only a portion of the fiscal period. Effective restaurants grew by 8.4% in the first quarter of 2003 over the same period in the prior year due to new restaurant development. Average sales per effective
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restaurant increased by 4.5% in the first quarter of 2003 over the same period in 2002. Newly developed restaurants generally have seating capacities and sales greater than the system-wide averages. Management continues to pursue growth in sales through new restaurant development, marketing efforts, new products, improvements in operations, and remodeling of existing restaurants.
Franchise Operations
Franchise revenues are the revenues received by IHOP from its franchisees and area licensees and primarily include royalties, sales of proprietary products, advertising fees and franchise fees. Franchise and license revenues grew by 12.5% to $33.8 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $30.0 million in the same period of 2002. Franchise and license revenues grew due primarily to an increase in retail sales in franchise restaurants of 13.9% from $314.7 million in the first quarter of 2002 to $358.4 million in the first quarter of 2003. Retail sales in franchised restaurants grew primarily due to a 9.7% increase in the number of effective franchise restaurants from 823 to 903, and a 3.9% increase in average sales per effective franchise restaurant from $382,000 to $397,000, in the first quarter of 2003 over the first quarter of 2002.
Franchise expenses primarily include advertising and the cost of proprietary products. Franchise expenses increased by 12.0% to $15.4 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $13.8 million in the first quarter of 2002. The increase in franchise and expenses was primarily a result of the increase in the number of effective franchise restaurants mentioned above.
Franchise operations margin increased by 12.9% from $16.3 million in the first quarter of 2002 to $18.4 million in the same period in 2003. The increase in franchise operations margin was primarily a result of the increases in franchise retail sales and effective franchise restaurants mentioned above, and a 2.4% increase in same-store sales in franchise restaurants.
Rental Operations
Rental revenues are revenues from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental revenues increased by 18.1% to $28.3 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $24.0 million in the same period of 2002. Increases in the number of franchised restaurants from 830 to 913, or 10.0%, in the first quarter of 2003 over the same period in 2002 was the primary cause of the revenue increase. In addition, an increase in the number of operating leases also contributed to the increase in revenues.
Rental expenses are primarily costs of operating leases and interest expense on direct financing leases. Rental expenses increased by 14.3% to $20.0 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $17.5 million in the same period of 2002. Increases in the number of franchised restaurants was the primary cause of the increase in expenses.
Rental operations margin increased by 28.4% from $6.5 million in the first quarter of 2002 to $8.3 million in the same period in 2003. The increase in rental operations margin was primarily a result of the operating leases described above and the result of the elimination of a greater amount of intercompany rent expenses in 2003 over the same period in 2002.
Company Restaurant Operations
Company restaurant operations revenues are retail sales to customers at restaurants operated by IHOP. Company restaurant operations revenues increased by 10.6% to $19.7 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $17.8 million in the same period of 2002. Increases in the number of effective IHOP-operated restaurants coupled with an increase in average sales per IHOP-operated restaurant caused the revenue increase. Effective IHOP-operated restaurants increased from 74 to 76, or 2.7%, in the first quarter of 2003 over the same period in 2002. Average sales per effective IHOP-operated
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restaurant increased from approximately $240,000 in the first quarter of 2002 to $259,000 in the same period of 2003, or 7.9%.
Company restaurant expenses include food, labor and benefits, utilities, rent and other real estate related costs. Company restaurant expenses increased by 12.7% to $20.9 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $18.6 million in the same period of 2002. Company restaurant expenses were impacted by higher labor related costs. The higher labor related expenses were due primarily to the hiring of new Assistant General Managers.
Company restaurant operations margin is Company restaurant operations revenues less Company restaurant expenses. Company restaurant operations margin was a negative $1.2 million in the first quarter of 2003, or 61.5% greater than the negative gross margin of $.8 million in the same period of 2002. The primary reason for the increased loss on Company restaurant operations was an increase in labor related expenses in the first quarter of 2003 over 2002. Higher labor related expenses were due primarily to the hiring of new Assistant General Managers.
Financing Operations
Financing operations revenues are primarily revenues from the sale of franchises and equipment and interest income on the financing of franchise fee and equipment notes. Finance operations revenues increased by 25.5% to $12.2 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $9.7 million in the same period of 2002. The increase in revenues was primarily due to a 22.2% increase in the sale of IHOP-developed restaurants from nine in the first quarter of 2002 to eleven in the same period of 2003.
Financing operations costs and expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment and interest expense not associated with capital leases. Finance operations costs and expenses increased by 69.3% to $6.8 million in the first quarter of 2003 from $4.0 million in the same period of 2002. The increase in costs was primarily due to the increase in the sale of IHOP-developed restaurants mentioned above and an increase in interest expense associated with the private placement that occurred in November 2002.
Financing operations margin in the first quarter of 2003 was $5.4 million, or 5.6% below the prior period gross margin of $5.7 million. The primary reason for the decrease in finance operations margin was the additional interest expense of $1.3 million associated with the 2002 private placement. The additional interest expense was partially offset by an increase in franchises and equipment note interest income of $0.7 million.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $1.6 million, or 14.8%, from $10.7 million in the first quarter of 2002 to $12.3 million in the same period of 2003. The increase in general and administrative expenses was due primarily to the investment in initiatives related to the move from a Company developed and financing model to a more traditional franchising model with a focus on marketing and operations. Additionally, the Company continued to incur general and administrative expenses in the first quarter of 2003 associated with the Old Model.
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other income and expenses, net, increased $936,000, or 66.3%, from $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2002 to $2.3 million in the same period of 2003.
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Reorganization Charges
Reorganization charges of $6.7 million were expenses incurred as a result of IHOP's transition to its new business model. Reorganization charges are described more fully in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate was 37.5% for both the first quarters of 2003 and 2002.
Balance Sheet Accounts
The balance of cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2003 decreased to $65.4 million from $98.7 million at December 31, 2002, primarily due to the purchase of marketable securities of $21.1 million.
Marketable securities at March 31, 2003 increased to $21.1 million from zero at December 31, 2002, due primarily to the purchase of investment grade corporate bonds maturing at various dates through February 2004.
The balance of property and equipment, net at March 31, 2003 increased 4.9% to $300.2 million from $286.2 million at December 31, 2002, primarily due to new restaurant development.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
In 2003, the Company will still invest in the development of additional restaurants and, to a lesser extent, in the remodeling of older Company-operated restaurants. 2003 will be a transition year to the Company's New Model with a reduced level of development-related investments in 2003 and little or no investment in development thereafter.
In 2003, IHOP and its franchisees and area licensees plan to develop and open approximately 75 to 85 restaurants. Included in that number is the development of 55 to 60 new restaurants by the Company and the development of 20 to 25 restaurants by our franchisees and area licensees. Capital expenditure projections for 2003, which include our portion of the above development program, are estimated to be approximately $90 million to $100 million. In November 2003, the fourth installment of $3.9 million in principal is due on our senior notes due 2008. We expect that funds from operations and proceeds from the recent private placement of senior notes, proceeds from leasehold mortgage term debt, proceeds from sale and leaseback arrangements, and our $25 million revolving line of credit will be sufficient to cover our operating requirements, our budgeted capital expenditures, our principal repayments on our senior notes, dividend payments and share repurchases through 2003. At March 2003, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $65.4 million, and $25 million was available to be borrowed under our noncollateralized bank revolving line of credit agreement.
The Company began repurchasing shares of its common stock in 2000. As of March 31, 2003, the Company had cumulatively repurchased 389,168 shares of its common stock, of which 333,967 were contributed to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan. In addition, on January 13, 2002, the Company announced that the Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 2.6 million shares of IHOP Corp. common stock.
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The following are our significant contractual obligations and payments as of March 31, 2003 (in thousands):
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Payments Due By Period |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contractual Obligations |
Less than 1 Year |
1-3 Years |
4-5 Years |
Thereafter |
Total |
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Debt excluding capital leases | $ | 5,949 | $ | 11,961 | $ | 39,361 | $ | 93,937 | $ | 151,208 | |||||
Operating leases | 57,041 | 112,697 | 112,077 | 872,840 | 1,154,655 | ||||||||||
Capital leases | 21,541 | 44,077 | 44,383 | 296,023 | 406,024 | ||||||||||
Contractual obligations | $ | 84,531 | $ | 168,735 | $ | 195,821 | $ | 1,262,800 | $ | 1,711,887 | |||||
Outlook
In January 2003, the Company adopted a new operating model, moving from Company-developed and financed restaurant growth to franchisee-financed development. 2003 will be characterized by the continued execution of our old operating model at a lower level than in 2002 with a migration to the new model.
The Company believes that in 2003 the continuation of the old business model will result in the development and financing of approximately 55-60 new restaurants. We expect all other revenue factors to be consistent with past practice. We believe that franchise royalties will continue to be 4.5% of franchise restaurant sales, and there will continue to be margin on the sale of proprietary products. We will also continue to charge our franchisees for national and cooperative advertising at a combined rate of 3% of restaurant sales. In addition, interest charges related to the financing of franchise and equipment notes will also be the same as past practices.
We project our 2003 results will be as follows:
As we move to 2004 and beyond, we expect to internally finance very few or no new IHOP restaurants and we expect the number of franchisee-developed restaurants to increase from historical levels. We do not expect to reach our ongoing franchisee development level until 2005. In 2005 and beyond, we expect that our franchisees will develop 65 to 85 restaurants per year.
In 2004 and thereafter, other economic terms should remain consistent with past practices. However, we will no longer receive new or additional streams of revenue from leasing and financing activities. We will continue to receive revenues from pre-existing leases and notes entered into in 2003 and earlier.
Critical Accounting Policies
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
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Leasing
IHOP leases equipment (consisting of restaurant equipment, furniture and fixtures) to our franchisees and retains title to the leased equipment. These equipment contracts are accounted for as sales-type leases upon acceptance of the equipment by the franchisee. Leases of restaurant facilities that meet the criteria are recorded as direct financing leases or are treated as operating leases.
Accounting for Long-Lived Assets
The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," effective January 1, 2002. SFAS No. 144 provides new guidance on the recognition of impairment losses on long-lived assets to be held and used or to be disposed of. The statement also broadens the definition of what constitutes a discontinued operation and how the results of a discontinued operation are to be measured and presented. The adoption of this Statement did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
The Company reviews long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might not be recoverable. For purposes of evaluating the recoverability of long-lived assets, the recoverability test is performed using undiscounted future cash flows of the individual stores and consolidated undiscounted future cash flows for long-lived assets not identifiable to individual stores compared to the related carrying value. If the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized which is measured as the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the related asset.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities" ("SFAS 146"). This statement addresses significant issues regarding the recognition, measurement, and reporting of costs associated with exit or disposal activities, and nullifies Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, "Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring)." Costs addressed by SFAS No. 146 include costs to terminate a contract that is not a capital lease, costs of involuntary employee termination benefits pursuant to a one-time benefit arrangement, costs to consolidate facilities, and costs to relocate employees. This statement will be effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 146 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosurean amendment of FASB Statement No. 123." This statement amends FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The amendments to Statement No. 123 regarding disclosure are effective for financial statements for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002. The Company has adopted the annual disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 148 in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002 and adopted the interim disclosure provisions for its financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. As the adoption of this standard involves only disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect a material impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
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In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others" ("FIN 45"). This interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees that it has issued and requires that they be recorded at fair value. The initial recognition and measurement provisions of this interpretation are to be applied only on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002, which is the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2003 for IHOP. The disclosure requirements of this interpretation are effective for financial statements of interim or annual periods ending after December 15, 2002. The Company does not expect the adoption of FIN 45 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 ("FIN 46"), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51." The purpose of this interpretation is to provide guidance on how to identify a variable interest entity ("VIE") and determine when the assets, liabilities, non-controlling interests, and results of operations of a VIE need to be included in a company's consolidated financial statements. FIN 46 is effective for all VIEs created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For VIEs created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 must be applied for the first interim or annual period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company currently has no contractual relationship or other business relationship with a VIE and therefore the adoption of FIN 46 did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk for its investments in marketable securities. At March 31, 2003, the Company had $21.1 million in marketable securities maturing at various dates through February 2004. The Company's investments are comprised primarily of investment grade corporate bonds. The Company generally holds investments until maturity, and therefore should not bear any interest risk due to early disposition. Any premium or discount recognized upon the purchase of an investment is amortized over the term of the investment. At March 31, 2003, the fair value of investments approximated the carrying value.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The President and Chief Executive Officer, and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company (its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively) have concluded, based on their evaluation as of a date within 90 days prior to the date of the filing of this Report, that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, as appropriate to ensure timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There were no significant changes in the Company's internal control or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of such evaluation.
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Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K.
3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IHOP Corp. (Exhibit 3.1 to IHOP Corp.'s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002) is incorporated herein by reference. | |
3.2 |
Bylaws of IHOP Corp. (Exhibit 3.2 to the 2002 Form 10-K) is incorporated herein by reference. |
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3.3 |
Amendment to the bylaws of IHOP Corp. dated November 14, 2000 (Exhibit 3.3 to IHOP Corp.'s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2001) is incorporated herein by reference. |
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11.0 |
Statement Regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings. |
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99.1 |
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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99.2 |
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
Current report on Form 8-K dated January 2, 2003, relating to the resignation of Richard K. Herzer, Chairman of the Board of Directors and the election of Larry Alan Kay as the new Chairman.
Current report on Form 8-K dated January 13, 2003, relating to the new strategic growth plan designed to increase long-term shareholder value.
Current report on Form 8-K dated March 24, 2003, relating to the announcement of several strategic financial decisions, including a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock, which will be payable May 19, 2003 to stockholders of record as of May 1, 2003.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
IHOP Corp. | ||||
(Registrant) | ||||
May 8, 2003 (Date) |
BY: |
/s/ JULIA A. STEWART President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
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May 8, 2003 (Date) |
/s/ THOMAS CONFORTI Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
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I, Julia A. Stewart, President and Chief Executive Officer of IHOP Corp., certify that:
and
Date: May 8, 2003 | ||
/s/ JULIA A. STEWART Julia A. Stewart President and Chief Executive Officer |
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I, Thomas Conforti, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of IHOP Corp., certify that:
and
Date: May 8, 2003 | ||
/s/ THOMAS CONFORTI Thomas Conforti Chief Financial Officer |
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