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FAIRMARKET, INC. FORM 10-K For the Year Ended December 31, 2002 INDEX
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2002 |
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or |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition Period from to |
Commission File Number 000-29423
FAIRMARKET, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
04-3351937 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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500 Unicorn Park Drive, Woburn, MA (Address of principal executive offices) |
01801-3341 (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (781) 376-5600
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: | Common Stock, $0.001 par value Preferred Stock Purchase Rights (Title of each class) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in the definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $14,236,208 on June 28, 2002, based on the closing sales price of the registrant's common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market as of such date.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock as of March 18, 2003 was 26,653,361.
FAIRMARKET, INC.
FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2002
INDEX
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Part I. Business | |||
Item 1. | Business | ||
Item 2. | Properties | ||
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | ||
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | ||
Part II | |||
Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters | ||
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | ||
Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | ||
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | ||
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | ||
Part III | |||
Item 10. | Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant | ||
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | ||
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | ||
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | ||
Item 14. | Controls and Procedures | ||
Part IV | |||
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K | ||
Signatures |
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. FairMarket's actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Certain factors that might cause such a difference are discussed in the section entitled "Factors that May Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition" on page 25 of this Form 10-K. You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, and FairMarket assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
Overview
FairMarket is an online auction and promotions technology and service provider that enables marketers to create results-oriented rewards programs and helps commerce companies automate the process of selling their excess inventory online to wholesale and consumer buyers.
In the promotions area we offer a range of services, technology and expertise that enable large brands to quickly and easily create fun, innovative, interactive and customized marketing programs in conjunction with off-line sales and marketing initiatives. We work with leading brands and agencies to execute programs that help marketers engage customers, drive sales and leverage the eBay community through the exclusive marketing arrangement we entered into with eBay during the second quarter of 2002. Our promotion solution is effective as either the central program concept for a rewards promotion using newly created points currency or as a value added redemption module for use with an existing loyalty program. Our auction and promotions platform can help optimize the return on investment on marketing and promotional budgets and lead to the creation of a higher quality customer database to assist future marketing initiatives.
We also utilize our technology, services and expertise in the commerce area to help large merchants maximize yield on clearance, excess and off-lease inventory and to realize process efficiencies. Our solutions enable merchants to sell to their existing base of wholesale buyers or to buyers on eBay as well as to consumers on their own sites. Our technology is designed to enable our customers to leverage their existing inventory, transaction and fulfillment infrastructures by integrating seamlessly with those systems.
Our services are used in four primary areas: (1) retail and discount clearance; (2) promotions and interactive marketing; (3) business-to-business surplus; and (4) outsourced auctions and e-commerce to portals and other web communities. We provide a broad suite of dynamic pricing and points based formats, including auctions, our primary format, as well as fixed transaction formats for commerce and promotions, falling price formats for commerce, and integrated marketing capability, to create a comprehensive e-business selling and marketing service offering.
We offer our commerce customers the ability to distribute their listings to other sites through two methods. First, through our MarketSelectSM service, we enable customers (with or without their own FairMarket-hosted dynamic pricing site) to list, manage and transact sales on eBay. Second, because we host our customer's dynamic pricing sites on our central systems, we have the ability to aggregate listings of goods and services available for sale on our customers' FairMarket-hosted sites and make those listings available for display and sale on other FairMarket-hosted customer sites.
We provide an array of operational and support services to customers. In addition to hosting, customer support and end-user support services, our professional services group provides our customers with a range of business applications, technical customization, integration, e-marketing, usability and other consulting services related to our product offerings.
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We derive revenue from: (1) application fees, which consist of implementation and fixed monthly hosting, support and operating fees; (2) transaction fees; and (3) professional services fees, which include fees for the development of business applications, technical customization and integration (including as part of the implementation process), and e-marketing, usability and other consulting services. Beginning in the second half of 2001, we began to experience a shift in the nature of our revenue, from the fixed monthly fees we traditionally charge for hosting and maintaining customers' sites, to transaction-based fees. We believe that this revenue shift is partly a result of recent economic conditions and pricing competition, and partly a result of an increasing portion of our customers using our MarketSelect service (which we launched during the second quarter of 2001), the fees for which are primarily transaction-based. Revenues related to application fees represented approximately 74.6% of total revenue in 2002 compared to 77.1% in 2001, revenues related to transaction fees represented approximately 20.5% of total revenue in 2002 compared to 10.6% in 2001 and professional services fee revenue represented approximately 5% of total revenue in 2002 compared to 12.3% in 2001. We are uncertain if this shift from monthly fixed revenue to transaction revenue is permanent in nature. Revenue derived from promotions customers is primarily fixed in nature and we expect to experience an increase in revenue derived from promotions customers in the future. Promotions revenue in 2002 represented 18.9% as compared to 13.1% in 2001.
We believe our success is dependent in large part on increasing our customer base and further developing the breadth and functionality of our service offerings, as well as on the volume of our customers' sales on their FairMarket-hosted sites and through our MarketSelect service. We intend to continue to invest in the further enhancement of our service offerings and technology and in the promotion of our service offerings.
FairMarket was formed in February 1997. From our inception through May 1998, we devoted substantially all of our efforts to our initial business model of matching buyers and sellers of computer products and peripherals utilizing our own Internet auction web site. In December 1998, we began to execute our business model involving the offering of outsourced, private-label auction solutions as described above, which we have since expanded to include additional transaction pricing and extended marketing and distribution capabilities. We ceased operating our own auction site during the third quarter of 1999 and focused operations on providing outsourced ecommerce solutions as described above.
The FairMarket Product Offerings
The following are the principal characteristics of FairMarket's product offerings which in general are used in both the commerce and promotions areas.
Comprehensive Array of Transaction Types or Pricing Formats. In the commerce area, we provide a comprehensive set of pricing formats designed to enable e-commerce market participants to buy and sell goods efficiently. Our pricing options range from traditional auction transactions such as English and Dutch auctions to falling price and fixed price transactions. Our customers can select the pricing mechanisms that they believe will optimize the sale price for their goods and services and/or the time it will take to complete sales.
We also offer a points-based promotions service that enables businesses to reward their customers by offering them the chance to bid on and buy merchandise, memorabilia and other items either under the customer's existing loyalty program or through the creation of a new loyalty program, using either our auction-style bidding or fixed price formats.
Private label technology. Our service allows customers to promote their brands and products through the creation of private-label dynamic pricing sites, designed to have the look and feel of the customer's home web site. All of the features available to visitors of a customer's dynamic pricing site, including search and automatic bidding capabilities, automatic email notifications to bidders and sellers
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and individual account tracking, are customized so that users are not aware that they are leaving the customer's home web site or using a third party service. The result is a user-friendly experience with a breadth of features that can enhance the user's visit to the customer's web site. We believe that our customers' ability to offer this experience to their users can increase new and repeat user visits to their main web sites, thereby expanding their marketing and revenue opportunities. Customers can also use our service to market specific products by the use of merchandising and email capabilities that deliver product offers to their consumers.
Distribution. For customers who desire to distribute their product offers beyond their FairMarket-hosted site, we offer two methods of distribution. Through our MarketSelect service, we enable customers (with or without their own FairMarket-hosted site) to list, manage and transact sales on eBay. Because we host our customer's dynamic pricing sites on our central systems, we also have the ability to aggregate listings of goods and services available for sale on our customers' FairMarket-hosted sites and make those listings available for display and sale on other FairMarket-hosted customer sites. We refer to this network of FairMarket-hosted sites as the FairMarket NetworkSM.
Outsourced Solutions. By outsourcing their online commerce and promotion needs to us, our customers can remain focused on their businesses while benefiting from our dynamic pricing expertise. We develop, host and maintain our customers' online commerce and promotion sites and MarketSelect implementations on our central operational system. Our central technology enables us to rapidly deploy our service offerings for customers, quickly implement new features and other enhancements and centrally provide direct customer support, end-user support and maintenance services. Our customers do not need to invest in additional software or hardware or devote significant engineering or support resources to develop and maintain their FairMarket-powered solution.
Management Control. As part of our service offering, we provide a web-based site management and configuration module that enables our customers to control the activity on their sites. Customers can set the sale parameters for individual product and service listings, register site users, configure their points database and set transaction, listing and merchandising fees. Because the site management module is located on our central system, each customer is also able to monitor and analyze current and historical activity data from its FairMarket-powered site to improve its sales strategies. Many of these features are also available with our MarketSelect service.
Reliability and Scalability. Our system is comprised of computing and network hardware and proprietary transactional software. This system is designed to easily expand to accommodate larger numbers of users and transactions, as well as future enhancements, without delay and without additional cost to our customers. The system incorporates standby hardware components and specialized control software that are designed to allow operations to continue despite failures in individual components. Also, our system provides a central point of maintenance, reducing the likelihood of system errors and the time and personnel needed to maintain and upgrade our systems.
Product Features
Pricing and Point Based Transaction Features.
Our dynamic pricing site offering includes the following pricing features for both commerce and promotions customers:
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Our dynamic pricing site offering includes the following pricing features specific to commerce customers only:
Our MarketSelect service supports all pricing formats currently offered by eBay (auctions and fixed price).
Listing Features. Our customers begin the process by uploading their product listings either through periodic manual uploads or through our automated XML-based interface. Customers can also upload their product catalog into the FairMarket database. When the customer uploads product listings, it selects the transaction parameters for each listing, including product category, pricing format and duration of the sale, special bidding, payment or shipping instructions, and export or other sale
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limitations. We also supply the ability to create alternate layouts featuring photos for each listing through our shop-by-photo feature, which offers end-users a way to shop that mimics catalog shopping and shows off goods immediately and easily.
For customers who desire to automate the listing process further, our professional services team can implement our automated listing management system. This tool, which includes both a listing management module and an inventory management module, automatically creates and places listings for the customer, assigning transaction parameters based on the customer's business rules and additionally for commerce customers based on prior sale results.
Site Merchandising. Our technology offers our customers a number of marketing and merchandising features designed to increase yield for commerce customers and promote brand for our promotions customers on their FairMarket-powered sites. A customer can select certain listings for display on the home page of the site, on the higher level category pages or on a special featured listings page, to showcase listings of special interest or special sales events. Customers can also link individual listings to other areas of their main web sites or to product reviews. Our automatic site merchandising tool speeds the time-consuming job of both deciding which merchandise to promote and then placing the merchandise on the high traffic portions of the FairMarket-powered site. Commerce customers using our shopping cart functionality for fixed price and falling price listings also have the ability to display related listings on the shopping cart page.
Our service transmits a number of automatic email messages to end-users of our customers' FairMarket-powered sites that can be customized through our site management module to cross-sell or up-sell other items. These emails include registration and welcome emails, bid status emails and winning bidder confirmation emails. Our service also enables users to specify whether they wish to receive notifications of specials via email. Users can also configure their own auction agent to automatically notify them by email when products specified by the user become available within a price or point range specified by the user.
Reporting and Data Mining Features. Our online commerce and promotion site service includes a number of reporting functions. Through our site management module, customers can monitor activity on specific listings and obtain aggregated information on transaction activity for a given time period and fulfillment information on closed listings, as well as information for a variety of reporting metrics, through WebTrend reports, designed to analyze site traffic. Customers can also manually conduct end-user based searches, listing searches and bid searches to refine their listing and pricing or point strategies. We also offer the ability to automate reports through an XML-based interface that allows the customer to query fulfillment, listings, products and user data directly from the FairMarket system. Many of these features are also available through our MarketSelect service.
Integration Features. We have developed a number of APIs designed to enhance our ability to integrate our solutions with our customers' back end systems and improve our customers' ability to upload product catalogs and process orders.
Using our Remote Authentication API, a customer can integrate its FairMarket-hosted site with its existing site's registration system. This allows the customer to maintain a single registration system where the customer maintains the master record and enables their registered user base to seamlessly access their FairMarket-hosted site.
Customers can integrate their inventory systems through FairMarket's X/Load API by programming their inventory systems to allocate inventory to their FairMarket-hosted site or our MarketSelect service, configure an XML file with the necessary information, and automatically upload that file on a regular basis onto their hosted site or onto the eBay site through our MarketSelect service.
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Automated delivery of fulfillment reports can be accomplished using our X/Report API, which allows the customer to retrieve XML-based reports via a secure connection as often as once per hour to obtain the latest fulfillment information. As part of our MarketSelect service, we provide a series of order capture pages and can integrate a customer's existing payment processes to enable automatic credit card billing of purchase orders.
Integration of the platform with an existing points database can be accomplished using our X/Points API. For example, this option would be utilized when a loyalty site is a component of a larger promotion or when the platform is leveraging an existing frequent flyer "miles" system. The X/Points API integration leverages existing processes when multiple methods of burning points are available.
Our commerce customers can achieve real-time integration between their hosted application and their proprietary systems through our Freight and Tax API. Specifically this integration occurs at the point where a user is bidding or buying an offer. The FairMarket system builds a light weight XML message composed of the elements required by the customer's system to calculate freight and / or tax. This value is calculated and returned in the XML stream and processed by the FairMarket engine for display to the bidder / buyer.
FairMarket Professional Services
Our professional services group provides a range of business applications, technical customization, integration, e-marketing, usability and other consulting services related to our solutions.
Technical and Creative Services. Our technical development and creative services teams work closely with our customers to develop a site that presents the customer's desired branding and maintains the look and feel of its main web site. For our MarketSelect customers, we can design customers' "About Me" and "Stores" pages for display on the eBay site and customize our customers' FairMarket-hosted order capture pages to maintain the customer's branding. Our creative services team can develop customized FairMarket-hosted gallery pages for all links and searches of hosted site listings containing images or off of a customer's eBay About Me page. Our dynamic pricing site solutions can be customized by our technical and engineering groups for vertically driven and other specialized applications. Our technical staff also works to create a seamless integration between the customer's existing e-commerce systems and their FairMarket-powered solution.
Marketing Services. Our marketing services team focuses on connecting merchants' products with qualified buyers and leveraging targeted merchandising, distributed offers and tailored email marketing. Our email marketing team works to identify promotional and cross-sell/up-sell opportunities, design email campaigns to meet the customer's marketing objectives, design and compose email communications, segment the customer's user base to provide the most targeted offers, set up and deliver a customer's email campaign, provide response management services and provide comprehensive reports regarding the email campaign.
End-User Support Services. We provide private-label support to our customer's end-users via email on a 24 hour per day, seven day per week basis.
Sales and Marketing
We sell our services primarily through our direct sales force. Our sales personnel identify potential customers through direct contact, through our exclusive loyalty marketing agreement with eBay, Inc. executed in the second quarter of 2002, by responding to requests we receive by telephone or through our web site, and through attendance at tradeshows. Our U.S. sales organization is based at our corporate headquarters in Woburn, Massachusetts, and we also have a sales office in England.
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We have focused our marketing efforts on generating qualified leads for our sales team. We promote the FairMarket name and services through press releases, our corporate web site and attendance at trade shows. Our contracts generally provide for the inclusion of a FairMarket logo on each web page of a customer's FairMarket-powered site.
Customers
Our customers include traditional retailers, distributors and manufacturers as well as Internet portals and other web communities primarily engaged in e-commerce. We had three customers in 2002 that each accounted for more that 10% of our total revenue, Sam's West, Inc. accounted for 13.6%, revenue from providing promotion services to Burger King under our exclusive marketing agreement with eBay, Inc. accounted for 13.1% and Microsoft Corporation accounted for 12.6% of total revenue. In November 2002, our contract with eBay, Inc. related to the Burger King promotion program was terminated. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue for 2001 and 2000.
Business Segments and Geographic Areas
We currently operate in one business segment. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, approximately 27.0%, 21.0% and 10.3%, respectively, of our total revenue was derived from customers located outside the U.S.
Technology
We deliver our product offerings from central systems consisting of our proprietary application software, third party software and third party computing, storage and network equipment. Currently, our most important software technologies are those embodied in our proprietary dynamic pricing software and in the FairMarket Network. We also license or have purchased software, equipment and/or systems from third parties, including Microsoft Corporation (through distributors) and, in the U.S., EMC Corporation and TIBCO Software, Inc., for use in our development and production systems. We maintain a separate system for each of our U.S., U.K. and Australia services. Each system is designed to easily expand to accommodate larger numbers of users and transactions, as well as added features. Each system is designed so that parts of the overall workload are assigned to specific classes of machines and it incorporates standby hardware components and specialized control software designed to allow operations to continue despite failures in individual components. For example, all interaction with web site users is handled by web servers and all data storage is handled by database servers. Each customer site is maintained on multiple servers and can be expanded to accommodate additional users or functional requirements without redesign. A shared, secure administrative server is used for site internal administrative traffic and reporting activities and for diagnostic and performance monitoring of the sites. Customer sites are available on a 24 hour per day, seven day per week basis, subject to scheduled maintenance. Our systems are located at third party hosting facilities that provide a secure environment, redundant communications lines and emergency power backup. We expect to continue to enhance the breadth and functionality of our software technologies and invest in systems development to ensure the continued reliability and scalability of our technology.
As of December 31, 2002 approximately twenty five percent of our employees were devoted to development and engineering efforts. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for research and development costs, which are included in total development and engineering expenses, were approximately $1.2 million, $3.2 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
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Competition
The market for Internet-based e-commerce software and services utilized by both our commerce and promotions customers is highly competitive and is evolving rapidly.
In the commerce area many companies offer some form of Internet auction or other single e-commerce pricing application, including non-networked auction hosting, such as ADB Systems International (formerly bid.com), auction and other dynamic pricing software applications, auction aggregators, such as ChannelAdvisor, and general third-party destination auction sites, such as Yahoo! Auctions.
In the promotions area, both traditional and non traditional advertising and marketing agencies are now using online sales promotions as a method for influencing off line consumer behavior. Online demand aggregators are also providing these programs to major brands. As a result, many technology providers have emerged in this space. Those that appear to compete directly with the company's current offering include Softcoin, Inc., edeal Services Corp. and RocketCash, LLC.
We compete for customers with those providers of commerce and promotions technology and services, as well as with developers of in-house dynamic pricing and points based applications. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the market in which we compete are the quality and breadth of services provided, potential for successful transaction activity and price. We believe that the breadth of the pricing solutions currently available through our service and our ability to develop and rapidly deploy new pricing solutions distinguish us from our competitors and are important factors in our ability to attract and retain customers. The market for e-commerce services, however, is highly competitive and we expect this competition to intensify in the future. Many of our competitors have, and new potential competitors may have, more experience developing Internet-based software applications and integrated purchasing solutions, larger technical staffs, larger customer bases, more and longer-standing distribution channels, greater brand recognition and greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have. For more information on competition, please see "Factors that May Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition."
Intellectual Property
We rely on various types of intellectual property for our success and competitive positioning. We use trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and the laws pertaining to them as well as contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property. Currently, our most important proprietary technologies are those embodied in our dynamic pricing software and in the FairMarket Network. We have applications pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office but, while we continue to evaluate the importance of patents to our business, we do not believe that our ability to obtain patents is material to the success of our business and results of operations. We also license or have purchased software, equipment and/or systems from EMC Corporation, Microsoft Corporation (through distributors), TIBCO Software, Inc. and other third parties for use in our development and production systems. Because our technology is located on our operating systems and we generally do not license any of our material software to any customer or other third party, we believe that the risk of unauthorized use of our technology is low. However, no combination of intellectual property protections can guarantee the continued security and availability of our intellectual property.
Creation and/or implementation of our technology, business model, marketing research and plans, lead generation activities, customer lists, strategic plans and similar proprietary assets are protected by confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements which each of our employees is required to execute upon entering into employment with us. We also rely on confidentiality agreements entered into with contractors and vendors. "FairMarket" is a registered service mark in the U.S. We have filed trademark applications on other service marks and also claim rights in other marks. We rely on our marks to protect our domain and brand names.
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We take such action as we may deem necessary or advisable to protect our intellectual property. While such actions have not entailed litigation to date, we might have to litigate in the future to protect our intellectual property rights. For more information on the effect of intellectual property rights on our business, please see "Factors that May Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition."
Privacy
Issues relating to privacy and use of personal information of Internet users are becoming increasingly important as the Internet and its commercial use grow. Users of a customer's FairMarket-powered site must agree to that site's use and privacy policy when registering to use the site. Customers' use and privacy policies may vary and we depend on our customers to maintain adequate privacy policies on their sites and to comply with those policies and applicable privacy laws. While FairMarket does not sell or rent any personally identifiable information about users to any third party without the consent of the user, we cannot guarantee that the privacy policies of our customers contain similar protections. Sellers and buyers do receive information about each other to enable them to complete a sale. In addition, our customers may utilize information about their users in order to improve marketing and promotional efforts, to analyze site usage, and to improve content, product offerings and site layout, and may use such information for other purposes. We utilize aggregated user data, other than identifiable user data such as names, residence or email addresses or telephone numbers, from FairMarket-powered sites for similar purposes.
Law and Governmental Regulation
We are subject to various laws and regulations affecting our business. Congress passed legislation concerning the availability and protection of copyrighted works on the Internet under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and continues to consider laws relating to Internet taxation. In addition, there are recommended uniform state laws relating to technology that are currently under consideration in a number of state legislatures. The European Union has enacted regulations relating to online privacy protections and other aspects of e-commerce. These laws and regulations are recent and their impact on us and our industry has yet to be determined. This impact could include litigation which, whether successful or not, would likely be time-consuming and costly and require substantial management attention and resources. Also, while there are relatively few laws today that specifically regulate Internet-related companies and e-commerce in general, the sizeable growth in Internet usage and e-commerce transactions has prompted many governmental bodies to consider legislation in such areas as pricing, content, data protection, privacy protection, intellectual property protection, taxation and consumer protection. Enactment of laws or regulations in these areas could place burdens on us, either directly or as a burden to e-commerce in general. In addition, numerous jurisdictions have laws and regulations regarding the conduct of auctions and the liability of auctioneers. We do not believe that these laws and regulations, which were enacted for consumer protection before the development of the Internet, apply to our online commerce services. However, one or more jurisdictions may attempt to impose these laws and regulations on our operations or our customers in the future. For more information on law and governmental regulation, please see "Factors that May Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition."
Employees
As of December 31, 2002, we had 39 full-time employees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.
FAIRMARKET and MarketSelect are registered service marks, and the FairMarket logo, AutoMarkdown, FairMarket Network, and Quick Win are service marks, of FairMarket, Inc. The names of other companies and products mentioned in this Report may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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Our headquarters offices are located in an office park in Woburn, Massachusetts, where we lease approximately 68,000 square feet of office space. Of that amount, we occupy approximately 18,000 square feet and approximately 11,000 square feet is subleased to one subtenant. We intend to sublease the remaining unoccupied space. In the U.K. we lease approximately 10,000 square feet of office space, of which we sublease approximately 3,000 square feet to two subtenants.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
FairMarket has been named as a defendant in certain purported class action lawsuits filed by individual shareholders in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against FairMarket, Scott Randall (former President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of FairMarket), John Belchers (former Chief Financial Officer of FairMarket), U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and FleetBoston Robertson Stephens, Inc. The lawsuits have been filed by individual shareholders who purport to seek class action status on behalf of all other similarly situated persons who purchased the common stock of FairMarket between March 14, 2000 and December 6, 2000. The lawsuits allege that certain underwriters of FairMarket's initial public offering solicited and received excessive and undisclosed fees and commissions in connection with that offering. The lawsuits further allege that the defendants violated the federal securities laws by issuing a registration statement and prospectus in connection with FairMarket's initial public offering, which failed to accurately disclose the amount and nature of the commissions and fees paid to the underwriter defendants. On or about October 8, 2002, the Court entered an Order dismissing the claims asserted against certain individual defendants in the consolidated actions, including the claims against Mr. Randall and Mr. Belchers, without any payment from these individuals or the Company. On or about February 19, 2003, the Court entered an Order dismissing with prejudice the claims asserted against the Company under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As a result, the only claims that remain against the Company are those arising under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1934. The Company intends to vigorously defend the remaining claims asserted against it in the actions.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not applicable.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Price Range of Common Stock
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "FAIM." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale price per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market:
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High |
Low |
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Year Ended December 31, 2002: | ||||||
First Quarter | $ | 1.72 | $ | 1.01 | ||
Second Quarter | $ | 1.56 | $ | 1.12 | ||
Third Quarter | $ | 1.58 | $ | 1.09 | ||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 1.74 | $ | 1.18 |
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High |
Low |
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Year Ended December 31, 2001: | ||||||
First Quarter | $ | 2.56 | $ | 1.13 | ||
Second Quarter | $ | 1.84 | $ | 0.90 | ||
Third Quarter | $ | 1.25 | $ | 0.84 | ||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 1.20 | $ | 0.77 |
As of March 18, 2003, there were approximately 194 holders of record of our common stock.
We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on shares of our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determinations as to the payment of dividends on our common stock will depend upon our capital requirements, earnings, liquidity and such other factors as our Board of Directors may consider. Our Series B preferred stock is entitled to cash dividends payable quarterly at the rate of 6.5% per annum in preference to any dividend on any other series of preferred stock or common stock.
On May 17, 2002, we issued and sold 952,380 shares of our series B preferred stock to eBay, Inc. for an aggregate offering price of $2.0 million. The series B preferred stock was offered and sold in reliance upon Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Use of Proceeds from Sale of Registered Securities
On March 17, 2000, we completed the sale of 5,750,000 shares of our common stock in an initial public offering pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-92677), as amended, that was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2000. The proceeds to us from the initial public offering were $89.1 million, net of offering expenses. We estimate that as of December 31, 2002, approximately $29.8 million has been used for working capital purposes, including approximately $5.1 million used for the purchase of equipment and $4.0 million to repurchase 3.1 million shares of our common stock from our founder. At December 31, 2002, substantially all of the remaining net proceeds (approximately $55.3 million) were held in investments in commercial paper, government bonds and other interest-bearing accounts.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and other financial data included elsewhere in this Report. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements.
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For the Years Ended December 31, |
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Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 5,747 | $ | 8,571 | $ | 10,937 | $ | 2,121 | $ | 4 | ||||||
Total operating expenses | 29,075 | 51,688 | 66,732 | 19,146 | 1,423 | |||||||||||
Loss from operations | (23,328 | ) | (43,117 | ) | (55,795 | ) | (17,025 | ) | (1,419 | ) | ||||||
Net loss | (22,115 | ) | (40,183 | ) | (51,267 | ) | (16,509 | ) | (1,388 | ) | ||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.79 | ) | $ | (1.39 | ) | $ | (2.15 | ) | $ | (3.30 | ) | $ | (0.30 | ) | |
Shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share | 28,080 | 28,870 | 23,811 | 5,010 | 4,571 |
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December 31, |
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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | |||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 54,734 | $ | 63,372 | $ | 76,104 | $ | 13,079 | $ | 540 | |||||
Working capital | 39,572 | 40,411 | 79,075 | 12,305 | 458 | ||||||||||
Total assets | 59,267 | 71,450 | 93,449 | 20,071 | 771 | ||||||||||
Obligation under capital lease excluding current portion | | | 148 | | | ||||||||||
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | 52,909 | 68,857 | 87,282 | (1,118 | ) | 658 |
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "assume" and other similar expressions which predict or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters. You should not rely on forward-looking statements, because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. Our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Certain factors that might cause such a difference include the following: market acceptance of our online auction and other e-commerce services; growth of the market for dynamic e-commerce services; the competitive nature of the online markets in which we operate; economic conditions; our ability to generate significant revenue to reach profitability; our ability to retain existing customers and to obtain new customers; our ability to expand our operations in our geographic markets and the currency, regulatory and other risks associated with doing business in international markets; our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the operation and capacity of our network system infrastructure; our limited operating history; and the other risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading "Factors that May Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition" on page 25 of this Form 10-K. You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Overview
FairMarket is an online auction and promotions technology and service provider that enables marketers to create results-oriented rewards programs and helps commerce companies automate the process of selling their excess inventory online to wholesale and consumer buyers.
In the promotions area we offer a range of services, technology and expertise that enable large brands to quickly and easily create fun, innovative, interactive and customized marketing programs in conjunction with off-line sales and marketing initiatives. We work with leading brands and agencies to execute programs that help marketers engage customers, drive sales and leverage the eBay community through the exclusive marketing arrangement we entered into with eBay during the second quarter of 2002. Our promotion solution is effective as either the central program concept for a rewards promotion using newly created points currency or as a value added redemption module for use with an existing loyalty program. Our auction and promotions platform can help optimize the return on investment on marketing and promotional budgets and lead to the creation of a higher quality customer database to assist future marketing initiatives.
We also utilize our technology, services and expertise in the commerce area to help large merchants maximize yield on clearance, excess and off-lease inventory and to realize process efficiencies. Our solutions enable merchants to sell to their existing base of wholesale buyers or to buyers on eBay as well as to consumers on their own sites. Our technology is designed to enable our customers to leverage their existing inventory, transaction and fulfillment infrastructures by integrating seamlessly with those systems.
Our services are used in four primary areas: (1) retail and discount clearance; (2) promotions and interactive marketing; (3) business-to-business surplus; and (4) outsourced auctions and e-commerce to portals and other web communities. We provide a broad suite of dynamic pricing and points based formats, including auctions, our primary format, as well as fixed transaction formats for commerce and
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promotions, falling price formats for commerce, and integrated marketing capability, to create a comprehensive e-business selling and marketing service offering.
We offer our commerce customers the ability to distribute their listings to other sites through two methods. First, through our MarketSelectSM service, we enable customers (with or without their own FairMarket-hosted dynamic pricing site) to list, manage and transact sales on eBay. Second, because we host our customer's dynamic pricing sites on our central systems, we have the ability to aggregate listings of goods and services available for sale on our customers' FairMarket-hosted sites and make those listings available for display and sale on other FairMarket-hosted customer sites.
We provide an array of operational and support services to customers. In addition to hosting, customer support and end-user support services, our professional services group provides our customers with a range of business applications, technical customization, integration, e-marketing, usability and other consulting services related to our product offerings.
We believe our success is dependent in large part on increasing our customer base and further enhancing the breadth and functionality of our service offerings, as well as on the volume of our customers' sales on their FairMarket-hosted sites and through our MarketSelect service. We intend to continue to invest in the further enhancement of our service offerings and technology and in the promotion of our service offerings.
Because of our limited operating history, there is limited operating and financial data about our business upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. During 2002, our net losses and negative operating cash flows improved during each quarter. For 2003, we expect our operating losses and negative operating cash flows to improve as we continue in our effort to achieve operating cash flow breakeven. Period-to-period comparisons of operating results should not be relied upon as an indicator of future operating results.
Sources of Revenue
We derive revenue from: (1) application fees, which consist of implementation and fixed monthly hosting, support and operating fees; (2) transaction fees; and (3) professional services fees, which include fees for the development of business applications, technical customization and integration (including as part of the implementation process), and e-marketing, usability and other consulting services.
We generally charge a one-time set-up fee for the design, development and implementation of a customer's dynamic pricing or points based site or our MarketSelect service. Implementation also frequently entails customization and other professional services, for which we charge a professional services fee. The set-up fee and implementation-related professional services fees vary depending on the nature and the anticipated complexity of the service being implemented. These fees are generally payable upon execution of the contract, recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue, ratably, over the contract period.
Fixed monthly fees are generally charged to customers whose dynamic pricing sites we host and cover hosting services, direct customer support services, end-user customer support services, services for online billing and collection of fees for community sites and other monthly operating services. Fixed monthly fees vary by customer depending on the number of software modules employed, the required level of services and the anticipated level of site activity. These fees are recognized as revenue in the month that the service is provided.
Our Professional Services Group offers our customers a range of business applications, technical customization, integration, e-marketing, usability and other consulting services related to our product offerings for which we may charge either a one-time or a monthly professional services fee, generally based on time and materials used, depending on the nature of the service. These fees are generally
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recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue, ratably, over the contract period if the service provided is related to an ongoing service relationship, and are recognized as revenue in the period in which the service is provided if unrelated to an ongoing service relationship.
Merchant customers, including MarketSelect customers, pay transaction fees at varying percentages based on the gross proceeds from the sale of their listed products and services, whether sold on their sites, on eBay or on other FairMarket Network sites. For community customers, transaction fees consist of our share of success fees charged to sellers upon a completed sale, listing fees, and enhanced listing fees, which are fees charged for the prominent display of a particular seller or listing (such as under a list of "Featured Merchants" or "Featured Listings"). Community customers pay transaction fees calculated in one of two ways. Generally, under contracts entered into before 2000, these fees are calculated based on a percentage of the gross proceeds from the sale of the items that are listed through the community site and sold either on the community site or on other FairMarket Network sites. The fee percentages vary by customer depending on the anticipated level of activity on the customer's site and the level of the fixed monthly fees. These communities receive a percentage of the gross proceeds from the sale of items that are listed directly on other sites in the FairMarket Network and sold through the community site. Contracts entered into starting in early 2000 generally provide for payment by the community customer of transaction fees with respect to the sale of listings that are placed on the community site that are calculated as a percentage of the percentage transaction fee that the community charges to its end-users when the listing sells; similarly, for listings that are listed directly through other sites in the FairMarket Network and sold through the community site, the community site receives a percentage of the percentage transaction fee that the listing site charges to the listing site's end-user when the listing sells. We record revenue net of amounts shared with our customers, which we recognize as revenue at the end of the listing period.
Beginning in the second half of 2001, we began to experience a shift in the nature of our revenue, from the fixed monthly fees we traditionally charge for hosting and maintaining customers' sites, to transaction-based fees. We believe that this revenue shift is partly a result of recent economic conditions and pricing competition, and partly a result of an increasing portion of our customers using our MarketSelect service (which we launched during the second quarter of 2001), the fees for which are primarily transaction-based. We are uncertain if this shift from monthly fixed revenue to transaction revenue is permanent in nature. Revenue derived from promotions customers is primarily fixed in nature and we expect to experience an increase in revenue derived from promotions customers in the future.
Revenues related to application fees represented approximately 74.6% of total revenue in 2002 compared to 77.1% in 2001, revenues related to transaction fees represented approximately 20.5% of total revenue in 2002 compared to 10.6% in 2001 and professional services fee revenue represented approximately 4.9% of total revenue in 2002 compared to 12.3% in 2001.
At no point during the sale process do we take possession of either the products being sold or the buyers' payment for the item. Because merchants and individual sellers, rather than FairMarket, sell the items listed, we have no cost of goods sold, procurement, or carrying or shipping costs and no inventory risk related to the items sold.
Critical Accounting Policies
In December 2001, the SEC requested that all registrants discuss their most "critical accounting policies" in management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations. The SEC indicated that a "critical accounting policy" is one which is both important to the portrayal of the company's financial condition and results and requires management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2,
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report, we believe the following accounting policies to be critical:
Revenue Recognition. In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, we do not record revenue until all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; services have been rendered; our price to our customer is fixed and determinable; and collectibility is reasonably assured. We derive revenue from application fees, transaction fees and professional services fees. Application fees consist of implementation fees and fixed monthly hosting, support and operating fees. We record implementation fees as deferred revenue and recognize these fees as revenue, ratably, over the contract period which approximates the life of our customer relationship. We recognize fixed monthly hosting fees as revenue in the month that the service is provided. We recognize transaction fees as revenue, net of amounts paid to our customers, at the completion of the listing period. We record certain professional services fees related to ongoing service relationships as deferred revenue and recognize these fees as revenue ratably over the remaining contract period. Professional services fees which represent a separate earnings process and are unrelated to ongoing services are recognized as revenue in the period the service is provided.
We follow the guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force issue No. 01-09, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer or a Reseller of the Vendor's Products ("EITF 01-09") in determining whether consideration, including equity instruments, given to a customer should be recorded as an operating expense or a reduction of revenue recognized from that same customer. Consideration given to a customer is recorded as a reduction of revenue unless both of the following conditions are met:
If both of the conditions are met, we record consideration paid to customers as an expense. Consideration, including equity instruments, not meeting the above criteria, is recorded as a reduction of revenue; to the extent the Company has recorded cumulative revenue from the customer or reseller. Any consideration in excess of cumulative revenue recognized from the customer or reseller is recorded as an operating expense.
Identifying transactions that are within the scope of EITF 01-09, determining whether those transactions meet the criteria for recognition as an expense and determining the methodology of cost recognition associated with these arrangements requires us to make significant judgments. If we reached different conclusions, reported revenue could be materially different.
Allowance for doubtful accounts and revenue reserve When estimating our allowance for doubtful accounts, we analyze our accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and other factors. If collection of accounts receivable is not reasonably assured, we establish a reserve for any revenue within the current reporting period for that customer and we charge bad debt expense for any revenue recognized in prior reporting periods for that customer.
Deferred tax assets We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. While we consider future taxable income and tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, if management were to determine that the Company would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would effect the provision for income taxes in the period such determination was made.
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Unutilized Office Space In the first quarter of 2002, we recorded a one-time charge of $4.5 million for unutilized office space at our Woburn, Massachusetts headquarters. This charge included rent and other related costs for a significant portion of our leased space which has been vacated for the remaining lease term and the write-down of related leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. While we estimated the likelihood of future sublease income in the original charge, in the fourth quarter of 2002, we recorded a reversal of $513,000 related to an additional sublease of approximately 11,000 square feet of the unutilized office space. During 2002, we charged $746,000 against this reserve, which represented rent payments related to the unutilized office space. In addition we recorded $1.2 million for the write-down of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. As of December 31, 2002, $2.1 million of the total charge remained accrued and unpaid relating to future rent payments and other related costs.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities." This statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and nullifies EITF Issue No. 94-3, "Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring)" ("EITF 94-3"). SFAS No. 146 requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. EITF 94-3 allowed for an exit cost liability to be recognized at the date of an entity's commitment to an exit plan. SFAS No. 146 also requires that liabilities recorded in connection with exit plans be initially measured at fair value. The provisions of SFAS No. 146 are effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002, with early adoption encouraged. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 146 to have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosure. SFAS 148 provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation as originally provided by SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Additionally, SFAS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosure in both the annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The transitional requirements of SFAS 148 will be effective for all financial statements for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002. The disclosure requirements shall be effective for financial reports containing condensed financial statements for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2002. The Company has adopted the disclosure portion of this statement for the year ending December 31, 2002. The Company does not expect the adoption of FAS 148 will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation 45, ("FIN 45"), "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Othersan interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57, and 107 and rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34." FIN 45 elaborates on the existing disclosure requirements for most guarantees, including loan guarantees such as standby letters of credit. It also clarifies that at the time a company issues a guarantee, the company must recognize an initial liability for the fair value, or market value, of the obligations it assumes under the guarantee and must disclose that information in its interim and annual financial statements. The initial recognition and initial measurement provisions apply on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the initial recognition and measurement provisions of FIN 45 will have on its consolidated financial statements. The disclosure provisions of FIN 45 are effective for this Annual
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Report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, the Company has included a discussion of its guarantees in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
In November 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued EITF 00-21, "Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables." EITF 00-21 addresses certain aspects of the accounting by a vendor for arrangements under which it will perform multiple revenue-generating activities. EITF No. 00-21 establishes three principles: revenue should be recognized separately for separate units of accounting, revenue for a separate unit of accounting should be recognized only when the arrangement consideration is reliably measurable and the earnings process is substantially complete, and consideration should be allocated among the separate units of accounting in an arrangement based on their fair values. EITF No. 00-21 is effective for all revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of EITF No. 00-21 to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation FIN 46 "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB 51." FIN 46 provides guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than through voting rights called "variable interest entities" or "VIEs" and how to determine when and which business enterprise should consolidate the VIE (the "primary beneficiary"). This new model for consolidation applies to an entity which either (1) the equity investors (if any) do not have a controlling financial interest or (2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity's activities without receiving additional subordinated financial support from other parties. In addition, FIN No. 46 requires that both the primary beneficiary and all other enterprises with a significant variable interest in a VIE make additional disclosures. Certain transitional disclosures are required in financial statements initially issued after January 31, 2003, if it is reasonably possible that once this guidance is effective the enterprise will either be required to consolidate a VIE or will hold a significant variable interest in a VIE. We currently do not have any interests that would change our current reporting entity or require additional disclosures outlined in FIN No. 46.
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, our net loss was $22.1 million, $40.2 million and $51.3 million, respectively. The reduction in net loss of $18.1 million when comparing 2002 to 2001 was primarily due to a decrease in total operating expenses of $22.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in revenue of $2.8 million and a decrease in interest income of $1.7 million. The improvement in net loss of $11.1 million from 2000 to 2001 was primarily due to a decrease in total operating expenses of $15.0 million over such periods, partially offset by a decrease in revenue of $3.3 million and a decrease in interest income of $1.4 million.
Revenue
Total revenue was $5.7 million for 2002 compared to $8.6 million in 2001. The decrease of $2.9 million in revenue for 2002 compared to the prior year was due primarily to a reduction in the average revenue per customer and the decrease in the number of our customers described below. Application fees, which represented approximately 74.6% of total revenue for 2002 compared to approximately 77.1% of total revenue for 2001, decreased by $2.3 million, or 35.2%, as compared to 2001. Also reflected in these decreases was the effect of the revenue shift we began to experience during the second half of 2001, from fixed monthly fees for hosting and maintaining customers' sites to transaction-based fees, and the percentage increase in the number of our customers that use our Market Select service, the fees for which are primarily transaction based. Transaction fees, which represented approximately 20.5% of total revenue in 2002 compared to approximately 10.6% of total revenue for 2001, increased by $270,000, or 29.7%, for 2002 as compared to 2001. We believe that this revenue shift is partly a result of recent economic conditions and pricing competition, and partly a
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result of an increasing portion of our customers using our MarketSelect service (which we launched during the second quarter of 2001), the fees for which are primarily transaction-based. Professional services fees, which represented approximately 4.9% of total revenue in 2002, compared to approximately 12.3% in 2001, decreased by $768,000, or 73.1%, for 2002 as compared to the prior year. The decrease was due primarily to customer engagements being smaller in scale and shorter in duration when compared to the services provided in 2001.
Total revenue decreased to $8.6 million in 2001 from $10.9 million in 2000. The decrease in revenue of $2.3 million is primarily due to the decrease in the number of our customers described below. Also contributing to the decrease was the effect of the revenue shift we began to experience in the second half of 2001 from fixed monthly fees for hosting and maintaining customers' sites to transaction-based fees, and the percentage increase in the portion of our customers that use our MarketSelect service, the fees for which are primarily transaction-based. In addition, revenue for the second half of 2000 included $946,000 in one-time business development revenues. The decrease in fixed monthly service revenue was partially offset by professional services revenue generated by our Professional Services Group, which we formed in the fourth quarter of 2000. Professional services revenue represented 11.6% of total revenue in 2001 compared to 4.6% of total revenue in 2000.
International revenue was $1.6 million, $1.8 million and $1.1 million or 27.0%, 21.0% and 10.3% of total revenue, in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. In the first quarter of 2002, we completed the closing our office in Australia, and in the third quarter of 2001 we completed the closing of our office in Germany. We continue to service our existing Australian customers out of our U.S. operations and continue to assess our international strategy. There are risks inherent in doing business internationally, including, among others, fluctuating currency exchange rates, differing legal and regulatory requirements and differing accounting practices. We price, invoice and collect fees for our international services primarily in the currency of our local subsidiary. To date, currency fluctuations have not had a material effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
The one-time set-up fees we charge for the implementation of customer sites and our MarketSelect service and implementation-related professional services are deferred and recorded as revenue over the term of the related contracts. At December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, there was $333,000, $207,000 and $549,000 of deferred revenue, respectively, relating to set-up fees and $187,000, $31,000 and $457,000, respectively, relating to professional services.
In 2002, we added twenty-four new customers and terminated twenty contracts, either by us or by the customer, ending 2002 with 51 customers, a decrease of 4 customers from 55 customers at December 31, 2001. During 2001, approximately 56 customer contracts were terminated, either by us or by the customer, terminations by customers occurred primarily as a result of economic conditions that led in some cases to the customer ceasing operations and in other cases to the customer refocusing on other areas of their business. During 2000, approximately 75 customer contracts were terminated, partially as a result of a general price increase that we effected in early 2000 and partially as a result of a shift in our sales focus away from outsourced e-commerce for portals and traffic building applications for dot-coms to providing demand chain sell-side solutions, such as enabling the web-based sale of retail and discount clearance items and business-to-business surplus and hosting interactive marketing promotions for larger retailers and manufacturers with higher brand awareness and greater financial resources.
Average annual revenue per customer, excluding $946,000 of one-time business development revenues in 2000, was $112,700, $144,000 and $105,800 for 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The decrease in average revenue was due primarily to a change in our mix of customers and the service offerings provided to those customers that used more transaction based services and less fixed price and professional services in 2002 compared to 2001. Average revenue per customer for future periods
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will depend on a number of factors such as our customer mix, the mix of our service offerings, technological changes, our pricing strategies and pricing competition.
We had three customers in 2002 that each accounted for more than 10% of total revenue; Sam's West, Inc. accounted for 13.6%, revenue from providing promotion services to Burger King under our exclusive marketing agreement with the eBay, Inc. accounted for 13.1% and Microsoft Corporation accounted for 12.6%, of total revenue. In 2001 and 2000, no one customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue.
Operating Expenses
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue was $3.6 million in 2002, $4.9 million in 2001 and $4.9 million in 2000. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased to 61.9% in 2002 from 57.4% in 2001 and from 44.9% in 2000.
Cost of revenue consists of costs for direct customer support and support to end-users of our customers' sites, depreciation of network equipment, fees paid to network providers for bandwidth and monthly fees paid to third-party network providers.
The decrease of $1.3 million in 2002 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a reduction in salaries and related expenses resulting from headcount reductions in the second and third quarters of 2001 and the second quarter of 2002 and a reduction in the fees paid to network providers for bandwidth. In addition, we realized cost reductions by relocating our UK Data Center to our US Data Center.
Cost of revenue reflected a reduction in salaries and related expenses in 2001 compared to 2000 resulting from the headcount reductions in the second and third quarters of 2001, partially offset by the effect for the full year of costs related to the expansion of our U.S. data center and the opening of international data centers in the U.K. and Australia during 2000, including depreciation of network equipment and fees paid for bandwidth and third-party network providers. During the second quarter of 2001, we relocated our Australia data center back to the U.S.
Gross profit was 38.1%, 42.6% and 55.1% of total revenue for 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. This decrease in gross profit for 2002 and 2001 was primarily attributable to the decrease in revenue discussed above. The gross profit reported above is not necessarily indicative of gross profit for future periods. Actual gross profit may vary significantly depending on, among other things, customer mix, product mix, price competition, technological changes and extraordinary costs. Our cost of revenue components are primarily fixed in nature and will continue to be fixed in the short term, as a result gross profit is largely based on revenue results.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses were $2.3 million for 2002 compared to $8.0 million in 2001. The decrease of $5.7 million was due primarily due to the absence of amortization of $3.5 million of an email marketing database which we purchased from At Home Corporation (formerly known as Excite, Inc.) in the fourth quarter of 2000 for cash in connection with the termination of an auction services agreement which was amortized over its useful life in 2001. Also contributing to the decrease in sales and marketing expenses was a reduction in salaries and related expenses of $1.7 million, resulting from lower headcount and a reduction of $453,000 in marketing expenses.
Sales and marketing expenses decreased to $8.0 million in 2001 from $23.3 million in 2000. The decrease of $15.3 million in 2001 is primarily due to a reduction in amortization of advertising expenses of $10.3 million related to advertising services purchased from At Home Corporation during 2000
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under an auction services agreement which was terminated in December 2000. This decrease in amortization was partially offset by amortization expense of $3.5 million during 2001 related to an email marketing database which we purchased from At Home in December 2000 for cash in connection with the termination of the auction services agreement and amortized over its useful life in 2001. Also contributing to the decrease in sales and marketing expenses was a reduction in marketing expenses of approximately $5.1 million in 2001 compared to 2000, primarily relating to the discontinuation of certain marketing programs during the fourth quarter of 2000, a reduction in salaries and related expenses of $2.9 million resulting from lower headcount and a $395,000 decrease in fees paid to outside contract service providers.
Development and Engineering
Development and engineering expenses were $2.2 million for 2002, a decrease of $2.7 million, or 55.1%, compared to development and engineering expenses of $4.9 million for 2001. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in salaries and related expenses resulting from lower headcount.
Development and engineering expenses decreased to $4.9 million in 2001 from $8.8 million in 2000. The $3.9 million decrease in 2001 was primarily due to a $2.9 million reduction in salaries and related expenses resulting from lower headcount, a $320,000 decrease in computer related expenses and a $448,000 decrease in fees paid to outside contract service providers.
Our policy is to capitalize development and engineering costs associated with the design and implementation of our systems for internal use, including internally and externally developed software, in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use." Accordingly, costs capitalized were $0, $0 and $310,000 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. These costs are being amortized over 36 months, which is the expected useful life of the software. The amortization expense was $102,000, $102,000 and $64,000 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses were $6.6 million in 2002, a decrease of $4.1 million, or 38.5%, compared to general and administrative expenses of $10.7 million in 2001. The decrease in 2002 of $4.1 million was attributable to a reduction in salary and related expenses of $1.0 million resulting from lower headcount, a reduction in depreciation and rent expense of $808,000 resulting from the one-time charge for unutilized office space in the first quarter of 2002 and the relocation of our UK Data Center in the second quarter of 2002, a decrease in bad debt expense of $738,000, a decrease in contract services of $394,000, a decrease in depreciation of $823,000 resulting from certain fixed assets becoming fully depreciated and other general and administrative operating expense reductions of $239,000.
General and administrative expenses decreased to $10.7 million in 2001 from $13.0 million in 2000. The $2.3 million decrease in 2001 was primarily due to decrease of $1.3 million in salaries and related expenses (resulting primarily from the headcount reductions effected in 2001), $881,000 in recruiting costs, $549,000 in bad debt expense and $423,000 in legal expense partially offset by increases of $408,000 in insurance costs and $662,000 in depreciation expense.
Restructuring Charges
In June 2002, as part of our plan to continue to implement cost-cutting measures, we eliminated 18 positions worldwide, representing approximately 31% of our total employee base. In addition, we relocated our U.K. data center to the U.S. We recognized a charge of $530,000 in the second quarter of 2002 for the costs related to these initiatives, of which $200,000 related to non-cash costs for the
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write-down of computers and equipment. At December 31, 2002, all of the expenses relating to the restructuring had been paid.
We recognized a charge of approximately $2.0 million in 2001 for the costs related to a workforce reduction (which eliminated 78 positions), severance payments to certain other employees and other restructuring initiatives, including closing our offices in Australia and Germany. We completed the closing of our office in Germany during the third quarter of 2001 and the closing of our office in Australia during the first quarter of 2002. We continue to service our Australian customers out of our U.S. operations. Approximately $141,000 of the charge relates to non-cash costs associated with the restructuring initiatives. At December 31, 2001, all of the expenses relating to the restructuring initiatives had been paid.
Unutilized office space charge
In the first quarter of 2002, we recorded a one-time charge of $4.5 million for unutilized office space at our Woburn, Massachusetts headquarters. This charge included rent and other related costs for a significant portion of our leased space which has been vacated for the remaining lease term and the write-down of related leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. While we estimated the likelihood of future sublease income in our original charge, in the fourth quarter of 2002, we recorded a reversal of $513,000 related to an additional sublease of approximately 11,000 square feet of the unutilized office space. During 2002, we recorded $746,000 against this reserve, which represented rent payments related to unutilized office space. In addition, we recorded $1.2 million for the write-down of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. As of December 31, 2002, $2.1 million of the total reserve remained accrued and unpaid and relates to future rent payments and other related costs. Of this amount, $1.1 million is expected to be recorded against this reserve over the next 12 months and has been classified as a short-term liability in the consolidated balance sheet.
Equity-related Charges
Equity-related charges consist of the amortization of (1) deferred stock compensation resulting from the grant of stock options to employees at exercise prices subsequently deemed to be less than the fair value of the common stock on the grant date and (2) the fair value of warrants issued to strategic customers and shares of Series D convertible preferred stock issued to strategic customers at prices below their fair value.
At December 31, 2002, deferred stock compensation, which is a component of deferred compensation and equity-related charges in stockholders' equity, totaled $159,000, net of $527,000 and $1.8 million relating to stock options canceled in 2002 and 2001, respectively, and net of amortization of $1.0 million in 2002, $1.5 million in 2001 and $1.8 million in 2000. Deferred stock compensation is being amortized ratably over the vesting periods of the applicable stock options, typically four years, with 25% vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the balance vesting 6.25% quarterly thereafter. We expect to incur equity-related compensation expense of at least $159,000 in 2003.
At December 31, 2002, equity-related charges on the consolidated balance sheet were $0 net of $18.0 million that we reversed through equity as a result of the relinquishment by Microsoft of certain warrants discussed below, and net of amortization of $9.4 million in 2002, $20.1 million in 2001 and $14.5 million in 2000. Equity-related charges were amortized ratably over the terms of the related agreements of approximately three years after giving effect to the amendment of the Microsoft agreement and termination of the original Excite agreement discussed below.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income was $1.4 million, $3.1 million and $4.5 million in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The decrease in interest income for 2002 and 2001 was due principally to lower average cash, cash
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equivalents and marketable securities balances during these periods as a result of cash used in operating activities and to a lesser extent a decrease in interest rates.
Microsoft and Excite Contracts
In June 2001, we amended the auction services agreement that we entered into with Microsoft in July 1999, which originally provided that, if Microsoft drove more than a specified number of Internet users to the FairMarket Network through its Internet portal site, we would guarantee a minimum level of transaction fee revenue regardless of actual transaction fee revenue earned by Microsoft. Under this provision, if Microsoft met its minimum annual traffic guarantee but such increase in traffic did not produce sufficient revenue to meet the minimum guaranteed revenue, we would have had a financial obligation to Microsoft equal to the difference between the minimum guaranteed payment and its portion of fees actually collected. The minimum guaranteed revenue was $5.0 million for the first contract year. Microsoft did not meet its minimum annual traffic guarantee for the first contract year and therefore no payment was required. As part of the June 2001 amendment, this provision was eliminated from the auction services agreement. Also under the terms of the amendment, Microsoft relinquished the warrants it held to purchase 4,500,000 shares of our common stock, which were issued in connection with the original July 1999 agreement with Microsoft. In exchange for the above, we waived our status as "pre-eminent auction services provider" to Microsoft's online properties. We valued the warrants at $28.5 million at the time of issuance and recorded a deferred charge to be amortized over the term of the Microsoft contract. As of June 2001, the unamortized value of the warrants on our balance sheet was approximately $18 million, which we reversed through equity during the third quarter of 2001 as a result of the relinquishment of the warrants. From the time we issued the warrants until Microsoft relinquished the warrants in June 2001, Microsoft beneficially owned in excess of 5% of our common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, we recognized revenue of $727,000 and $335,000, respectively, from Microsoft for monthly service fees and a share of the transaction fees charged on the Microsoft sites.
In December 2000, we restructured our relationship with Excite, now known as At Home Corporation, by terminating our original auction services agreement with Excite and entering into a new Outlet Center agreement with At Home. Under the termination agreement, we purchased an incremental $500,000 in banner advertising from At Home during the fourth quarter of 2000, which was reflected as an expense in that quarter, and also licensed a permission-based email marketing database from an affiliate of At Home for $3.5 million, which was paid during the fourth quarter of 2000 and was amortized over its useful life in 2001. As a result of the termination of the original Excite agreement, we were released from our obligation to purchase an additional $7.5 million of online banner and other advertising services under the remaining term of the original agreement, and we released any exclusive rights to provide auction services to consumers on the Excite network. Under the new Outlet Center agreement, which has an initial term of 18 months, we agreed to provide an Excite-branded version of our Outlet Center service.
During the third quarter of 2001, At Home filed for protection pursuant to Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. In October 2001, At Home instructed us to shut down the Excite Outlet Center and notified us that it intends to seek rejection of the new auction services agreement in the Bankruptcy Court. At December 31, 2002, the value of the stock issued to Excite had been fully amortized.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Prior to our initial public offering in March 2000, we financed our operations primarily through private sales of capital stock, the net proceeds of which totaled $27.1 million as of December 31, 1999. In March 2000, we sold 5,750,000 shares of common stock in our initial public offering. The proceeds to us from the initial public offering were $89.1 million, net of offering expenses. At December 31, 2002, cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted cash (primarily related to a lease deposit) totaled $55.3 million.
Net cash used in operating activities was $6.3 million for 2002, $13.1 million for 2001 and $24.4 million for 2000. Net cash flows from operating activities in 2002 reflect a net loss of $22.0 million reduced by depreciation expense of $2.9 million, non-cash charges for loss on disposal of property and equipment of $1.4 million, short and long-term unutilized office space of $2.8 million and amortization of deferred compensation and equity-related charges of $9.9 million. To a lesser extent, net cash flows from operating activities for 2002 reflect an increase in accounts receivable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue, partially offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses, other current assets and accounts payable.
Net cash flows from operating activities in 2001 reflect a net loss of $40.2 million reduced by depreciation expense of $3.7 million, non-cash charges for advertising of $3.5 million and amortization of deferred compensation and equity-related charges of $21.6 million. To a lesser extent, net cash flows from operating activities for 2001 reflect a decrease in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue and other non-current liabilities, partially offset by an increase in other current assets, excluding non-cash advertising expenses.
Net cash flows from operating activities in 2000 reflected a net loss of $51.3 million reduced by non-cash charges for advertising of $10.3 million and amortization of deferred compensation and equity-related charges of $17.3 million. To a lesser extent, net cash flows from operating activities for 2000 also reflected an increase in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets and a decrease in accounts payable, offset in part by increases in deferred revenue and accrued expenses.
In 2002, cash provided by investing activities was $20.9 million primarily from the sale of marketable securities. Cash used in investing activities was $27.6 million in 2001 and $19.9 million in 2000. Net cash used in investing activities for 2001 and 2000 includes $28.0 million and $12.9 million, respectively, for the purchase of marketable securities, net, and $905,000 and $7.0 million, respectively, for the purchase of property and equipment, net of capital lease obligations of $145,000 and $345,000 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. During 2000 we purchased computers and servers at a total cost of $4.6 million and furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements at a total cost of $2.3 million.
Cash used in financing activities was $2.2 million for 2002, resulting primarily from the purchase of 3,181,000 shares of our Common Stock from the original founder of the Company for $4.0 million offset by the issuance of 952,380 shares of our Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock to eBay in May 2002 for net proceeds of $1.8 million as described in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Cash used in financing activities in 2001 was $63,000, primarily from the repayment of capital lease obligations. Cash provided by financing activities was $94.5 million in 2000. Cash provided by financing activities in 2000 included proceeds of $89.1 million from our initial public offering, net of expenses of $8.6 million. In addition, in connection with our initial public offering, Excite paid us $5.0 million in accordance with a stock purchase agreement in which Excite purchased 2,500,000 shares of our Series D convertible preferred stock for cash consideration of $17.5 million in the third quarter of 1999, which payment was withheld as a prepayment against our obligation to purchase advertising from Excite under our original auction services agreement with Excite. The cash consideration withheld was recorded as a subscription receivable in the stockholders' equity section of the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 1999. The subscription receivable was reduced by Excite's payment of
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$5.0 million in connection with our initial public offering and by advertising we purchased from Excite totaling $10.0 million in 2000 and $2.5 million in 1999.
We expect our operating expenses to decrease for the full year 2003 compared to the full year 2002, primarily as a result of the cost containment measures we implemented throughout 2002, and expect to fund these operating expenses primarily from available cash. In addition, we may utilize our cash resources to fund acquisitions or investments in complementary businesses or technologies. We believe, based on our present business plan, that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and our cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and operating resource expenditure requirements for both the short-term and long-term. If the assumptions underlying our business plan regarding future revenue and expenditures change or if unexpected opportunities or needs arise, we may find it necessary to obtain additional equity or debt financing. If additional financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on acceptable terms or at all.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The following table presents our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2002 and over the periods indicated below (in thousands):
|
Payments due by period |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contractual Obligations |
Amount |
Less than one year |
13 years |
||||||
Operating and capital leases | $ | 5,066 | $ | 2,405 | $ | 2,661 | |||
Other contractual obligation | 297 | 297 | |
Factors that May Affect Results of Operations and Financial Condition
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "assume" and other similar expressions which predict or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters. You should not rely on forward-looking statements, because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. Our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
Some of the factors that might cause these differences include those set forth below. You should carefully review all of these factors, and you should be aware that there may be other factors that could cause these differences. These forward-looking statements were based on information, plans and estimates at the date of this Form 10-K, and we do not promise to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events or other changes.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our business is difficult to evaluate, our business strategy may not successfully address risks we face and your basis for evaluating us is limited.
We were formed in February 1997 and we began to execute our current business model involving the offering of outsourced, private-label auction solutions in December 1998, which we have since expanded to include additional transaction pricing and points based promotions and distribution capabilities. While a high percentage of our operating expenses have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, fixed in the short term, our operating expenses are largely based on unpredictable revenue trends. Because of our limited operating history, our business strategy may not successfully address all of the risks we face, and you have limited operating and financial data about our business upon which to base an evaluation of our performance.
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We face the following risks, expenses and difficulties as a company seeking to develop a new Internet-based service:
if we fail to attract and retain quality customers we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to support our business;
if we fail to attract and retain qualified sales, engineering and other personnel we may be unable to maintain and expand our business;
if we fail to maintain and upgrade our service offerings and technology to keep pace with the rapidly growing Internet market we serve we may be unable to compete effectively; and
if we fail to raise additional capital if and when we need it we may be unable to develop or sustain our business.
We expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses in the near future.
For the year ended December 31, 2002, we incurred a net loss of approximately $22.1 million, which represented approximately 387.8% of our revenue for the same period. As of December 31, 2002, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $131.9 million. We have not achieved profitability and we will continue to incur net losses until we can produce sufficient revenues to cover our costs, which may not occur. While it is our goal to achieve profitability, even if we achieve profitability, we may be unable to sustain or increase our profitability in the future because we intend to continue to invest in the further development of our service offerings and technology and in the promotion of our service offerings. Any such investment will depend on the availability of funds.
We expect to continue to have negative operating cash flow in the near future, and we may need to seek additional financing, which could be difficult to obtain.
We expect to continue to experience negative operating cash flows for the foreseeable future because we intend to continue to invest in the further enhancement of our service offerings and technology and in the promotion of our service offerings. We expect that we will fund these expenditures primarily from available cash.
We believe, based on our present business plan, that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and our cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and operating resource expenditure requirements for both the short-term and long-term. If the assumptions underlying our business plan regarding future revenue and expenditures change or if unexpected opportunities or needs arise, including potential acquisitions using cash, we may find it necessary to obtain additional equity or debt financing. If additional financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on acceptable terms or at all.
We may acquire other businesses or technologies, which could result in dilution to our stockholders, or operational or integration difficulties which could impair our financial performance.
If appropriate opportunities present themselves, we may acquire businesses, technologies, services or products that we believe will be useful in the growth of our business. We do not currently have any commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisition. We may not be able to identify, negotiate or finance any future acquisition successfully. Even if we do succeed in acquiring a business, technology, service or product, the process of integration may produce unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and may require significant attention from our management that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development of our business. Moreover, we have not made any acquisitions, have no experience in integrating an acquisition into our business and may never achieve any of the benefits that we might anticipate from a future acquisition. If we make future acquisitions, we may
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issue shares of stock that dilute other stockholders, incur debt or assume contingent liabilities, any of which might harm our financial results and cause our stock price to decline. Any financing that we might need for future acquisitions may only be available to us on terms that restrict our business or that impose on us costs that reduce our revenue.
We may not be able to continue to attract new customers or retain existing customers.
The success of our business model depends in large part on our ability to increase our number of customers and to retain existing customers. The market for our services may grow more slowly than anticipated or become saturated with competitors, many of which may offer lower prices or broader distribution. In addition, the sales cycle for larger brand companies, retailers and manufacturers, where we currently focus our sales efforts, is generally longer than for the smaller companies and e-commerce companies that made up a larger part of our customer base in prior years. We also believe that uncertain economic conditions during 2001 and 2002 have resulted in a longer decision-making and implementation process with customers and during 2001 and 2002 led in many cases to customer contract terminations as a result of the customer ceasing operations or focusing on other areas of their business. If we cannot continue to attract new customers on a timely basis or at all, or if we cannot maintain our existing customer base, our business and revenues would be adversely affected.
A loss of any client that accounts for a large portion of our revenues could cause our revenues to decline.
For 2002, three of our customers accounted for approximately 39% of total revenue. If any one of these contracts is not renewed or otherwise terminates, and if we are unable to replace it with other client agreements, our revenues would decline and our losses would likely increase.
Because our industry is highly competitive and has low barriers to entry, we may not be able to effectively compete.
The U.S. market for e-commerce services is extremely competitive. We expect competition to intensify as current competitors expand their product offerings and new competitors enter the market. In the surplus online auction market, in addition to competition from internally-developed solutions by individual organizations, we face competition for customers from third party providers in the following areas:
third party online auction enablers, such as ChannelAdvisor and Auctionworks, that facilitate the distribution of listings to third party auction sites such as eBay and Yahoo! Auctions; and
In the online loyalty program market, in addition to competition from internally-developed solutions by individual organizations, we face competition from third party providers in the following areas:
destination sites with loyalty auction programs, such as Yahoo! Auctions; and
third party loyalty program enablers such as SoftCoin, eDeals and Rocketcash who may extend their offerings to incorporate capabilities similar to those offered by our loyalty program service.
The principal competitive factors include price, quality and breadth of services provided and potential for successful transaction activity. E-commerce and marketing technology markets are characterized by rapidly changing technologies, changing requirements of customers and frequent new product and service introductions. We may fail to introduce new online pricing formats and features on a timely basis or at all. If we fail to introduce new service offerings or to improve our existing service offerings in response to industry developments, or if our prices are not competitive, we could lose customers, which could lead to a loss of revenues.
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Because there are relatively low barriers to entry in the e-commerce market, competition from other established and emerging companies may develop in the future. Many of our competitors may also have well-established relationships with our existing and prospective customers. Increased competition is likely to result, and in some cases has resulted, in fee reductions, reduced margins, longer sales cycles for our services and a decrease or loss of our market share, any of which could harm our business, operating results or financial condition.
Many of our competitors have, and new potential competitors may have, more experience developing Internet-based software applications and integrated purchasing solutions, larger technical staffs, larger customer bases, more and longer-standing distribution channels, greater brand recognition and greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have. In addition, competitors may be able to develop products and services that are superior to ours or that achieve greater customer acceptance. We cannot assure you that the e-commerce solutions offered by our competitors now or in the future will not be perceived as superior to ours by either businesses or consumers.
Our customers may not successfully increase transactions on their dynamic pricing sites.
Beginning in the second half of 2001, we began to experience a shift in the nature of our revenue, from the fixed monthly fees we traditionally charge for hosting and maintaining customers' sites, to transaction-based fees. We believe that this revenue shift is partly a result of recent economic conditions and pricing competition, and partly a result of an increasing portion of our customers using our MarketSelect service (which we launched during the second quarter of 2001), the fees for which are primarily transaction-based. To the extent this revenue shift continues, our success will increasingly depend on increases in the amount of user traffic and the number of transactions on our customers' FairMarket-hosted sites or on eBay through our MarketSelect service. For this to occur, our existing customers must drive sufficient numbers of users to their FairMarket-hosted sites, they must devote sufficient resources to making their sites attractive to buyers and sellers and there must be demand for the products being offered on those sites and on eBay through our MarketSelect service. We cannot assure you that our customers will be successful in accomplishing any of these objectives and their failure to do so could impede our growth and adversely affect our business and revenues.
Our workforce reductions may impact our ability to attract or retain key personnel.
Our future success will depend, in part, on attracting and retaining qualified personnel. In late June 2002, we eliminated 18 positions worldwide, representing approximately 31% of our total employee base. Previously, in 2001, we implemented two workforce reductions in which we eliminated 78 positions, and in 2000 we implemented a workforce reduction in which we eliminated 35 positions. We also experienced a number of management changes in the first half of 2001 and the first half of 2002. Management changes during the first half of 2002 included the election of Nanda Krish as full-time President and Chief Executive Officer, the appointment of three new directors to our Board of Directors, and the resignations of our Vice President of Sales and Marketing and our Vice President of Engineering. We experienced some attrition in personnel prior to and following these workforce reductions and believe that we may experience additional attrition in the future.
We cannot assure you that we will be successful in hiring or retaining qualified personnel. Our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel on a timely basis, or the departure of key employees, could harm our existing business and ability to expand or maintain our operations.
We may not be successful in international markets.
A component of our strategy has been to attract customers outside the U.S. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, revenue under contracts with customers outside the U.S. (primarily in the United Kingdom) represented approximately 27.0%, 21.0% and 10.3% of our total revenue,
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respectively. During 2000, we opened offices in England, Australia and Germany. We completed the closing of our office in Germany during the third quarter of 2001 and the closing of our office in Australia during the first quarter of 2002. We continue to service our Australian customers out of our U.S. operations. We believe that significant opportunities exist in international markets, and we continue to evaluate our international strategy. Doing business in international markets requires significant management, financial, development, sales, marketing and other resources. We have limited experience in localizing our services, and some of our competitors have expanded or are undertaking expansion into foreign markets. We cannot assure you that we will expand into new, or continue our existing operations in, international markets or that we will be successful in international markets.
In addition to the uncertainty regarding our ability to generate revenues from foreign operations and expand or maintain our international presence, there are risks inherent in doing business internationally, including, among others:
different legal and regulatory requirements;
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
longer payment cycles;
different accounting practices;
fluctuating currency exchange rates;
problems in collecting accounts receivable;
legal uncertainty regarding liability, ownership and protection of intellectual property;
tariffs and other trade barriers;
seasonal reductions in business activity;
potentially adverse tax consequences; and
political instability.
Any of the above factors could adversely affect the success of our international operations. To the extent we expand our international operations; we will become more exposed to the above risks. To the extent we have increasing portions of our revenues denominated in foreign currencies, we will become subject to increased risks relating to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We cannot assure you that one or more of the factors discussed above will not have a material adverse effect on our international operations and, consequently, on our results of operations and financial condition.
Buyers and sellers might not adopt online auction or other dynamic pricing solutions as a means for buying and selling goods and services.
Online auction and other dynamic pricing solutions are relatively new methods of buying and selling that market participants may not adopt at levels sufficient to sustain our business. Traditional purchasing is often based on long-standing relationships or familiarity with sellers. For online dynamic pricing solutions to succeed, buyers and sellers must adopt new purchasing practices. Buyers must be willing to rely less upon traditional relationships in making purchasing decisions, and businesses must be willing to offer products for sale through online dynamic pricing solutions. We cannot assure you that online dynamic pricing solutions will be adopted at levels sufficient to sustain our business.
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We may need to enter into strategic alliances or license technologies to expand our business or service offerings but may not be successful in doing so.
In addition to internal development of new technologies, our future success may depend to a certain degree on our ability to enter into and implement strategic alliances to expand our product and service offerings and our distribution channels and/or to jointly market or gain market awareness for our service offerings. For example, during the second quarter of 2001 we expanded our auction service in the U.S. to provide customers with the opportunity to list, manage and transact sales through eBay. In the second quarter of 2002, we entered into an exclusive 18-month agreement with eBay to provide our loyalty marketing program technology platform to third parties. We may also expand our service offerings by licensing or purchasing complementary technologies from third parties. For example, during the first quarter of 2001 we announced that we licensed certain real-time e-business infrastructure software from TIBCO Software Inc. to enable us to provide real-time messaging infrastructure. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying, developing or maintaining such alliances and relationships or that such alliances and relationships will achieve their intended purposes.
Others may assert that our technology infringes their intellectual property rights.
The e-commerce industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and litigation based on allegations of patent infringement and violation of other intellectual property rights. As the e-commerce market and the functionality of products in the industry continues to grow and overlap, we believe that the possibility of intellectual property claims against us will increase. For example, we may inadvertently infringe a patent of which we are unaware, or there may be patent applications now pending of which we are unaware which we may be infringing when they are issued in the future, or our service or systems may incorporate third party technologies that infringe the intellectual property rights of others. We have been and expect to continue to be subject to alleged infringement claims. The defense of any claims of infringement made against us by third parties, whether or not meritorious, could involve significant legal costs and require our management to divert time from our business operations. Either of these consequences of an infringement claim could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. If we are unsuccessful in defending any claims of infringement, we may be forced to obtain licenses or to pay royalties to continue to use our technology. We may not be able to obtain any necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we fail to obtain necessary licenses or other rights, or if these licenses are costly, our operating results may suffer either from reductions in revenues through our inability to serve customers or from increases in costs to license third-party technologies.
Our business may suffer if we are not able to protect important intellectual property.
Our ability to compete effectively against other companies in our industry will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology and systems designs. While we have attempted to safeguard and maintain our proprietary rights, we cannot assure you that we have been or will be completely successful in doing so. Further, our competitors may independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to ours.
We have applied for patents on aspects of our technology and processes and those applications are pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. We cannot assure you that any patents will be issued. Even if some or all of these patents are issued, we cannot assure you that they will not be successfully challenged by others or invalidated, that they will adequately protect our technology and processes or that they will result in commercial advantages for us. "FairMarket" is a registered service mark in the U.S. We have applied for trademark registrations for some of our other brand names, and our marketing materials are copyrighted, but these protections may not be adequate. Effective patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country
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where we provide services. We may, at times, have to incur significant legal costs and spend time defending our copyrights and, if issued, our service marks and patents. Any defense efforts, whether successful or not, would divert both time and resources from the operation and growth of our business.
We may not be able to maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary knowledge.
We rely, in part, on contractual provisions to protect our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge. These agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. Our trade secrets may also be known without breach of such agreements or may be independently developed by competitors. Our inability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition by adversely affecting our ability to compete.
Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to continue to license software that is necessary for our service offering.
Through distributors, we license a variety of commercially-available Microsoft technologies, including our database software and Internet server software, which is used in our services and systems to perform key functions. We also license other third party technology to perform certain functions of our service, such as our search functionality, which utilizes technology from Verity, Inc., and technology that we license from TIBCO Software Inc., which we use in certain of our integration solutions. As a result, we are to a certain extent dependent upon those third parties continuing to maintain their technologies. We cannot assure you that we would be able to replace the functionality provided by these third party technologies on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The absence of or any significant delay in the replacement of certain functionalities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our systems infrastructure may not keep pace with the demands of our customers.
Interruptions of service as a result of a high volume of traffic and/or transactions could diminish the attractiveness of our services and our ability to attract and retain customers. We cannot assure you that we will be able to accurately project the rate or timing of increases, if any, in the use of our service, or that we will be able to expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate such increases in a timely manner. We currently maintain separate systems in the U.S. for our U.S., U.K. and Australia services. Any failure to expand or upgrade our systems could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition by reducing or interrupting revenue flow and by limiting our ability to attract new customers. Any such failure could also have a material adverse effect on the business of our customers, which could damage our reputation and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and potential liability. The majority of the server capacity of our systems for each of the countries named above is currently not utilized.
A system failure could cause delays or interruptions of service to our customers.
Service offerings involving complex technology often contain errors or performance problems. Many serious defects are frequently found during the period immediately following introduction and initial implementation of new services or enhancements to existing services. Although we attempt to resolve all errors that we believe would be considered serious by our customers before implementation, our systems are not error-free. Errors or performance problems could result in lost revenues or cancellation of customer agreements and may expose us to litigation and potential liability. We have from time to time discovered errors in our software or software of others used in our operating systems after its incorporation into our systems. We cannot assure you that undetected errors or performance problems in our existing or future services will not be discovered or that known errors considered minor by us will not be considered serious by our customers. We have experienced periodic minor
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system interruptions, which may continue to occur from time to time. Most of our contracts provide for the payment or credit to the customer of specified money damages (based on the monthly service fee paid by the customer) if we are unable to maintain specified levels of service based on downtime of either their FairMarket-hosted sites or our centralized service over a specified period, typically one month. The total dollar amount of our potential payment or credit obligations under these provisions if the service levels specified in all of those agreements were not met over the typical one month measurement period could be material. In addition, certain of our contracts also provide the customer with the right to terminate the contract if we are unable to maintain a minimum specified level of service. Performance problems in our technology could also damage our reputation, which could reduce market acceptance of our services and lead to a loss of revenues.
The functioning of our systems or the hosting facilities of third parties on which we rely could be disrupted by factors outside our control.
Our success depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications hardware systems. Substantially all of our computer hardware for operating our U.S., U.K. and Australia services is currently located at the facilities of NaviSite, Inc. in Andover, Massachusetts. The computer hardware for our end-user customer service system is also hosted by a third party. These systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, fires, power loss, telecommunication failures, break-ins, sabotage, computer viruses, intentional acts of vandalism, acts of terrorism and similar events. All of our systems are located in the same facility and we do not currently have a backup system in place for any of these systems. Despite any precautions we take or plan to take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems at any third party hosting facility could result in interruptions in our services. In addition, if any third party hosting service fails to provide the data communications capacity we require, as a result of human error, natural disaster or other operational disruption, interruptions in our service could result. Any damage to or failure of our systems could result in reductions in, or terminations of, our service, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business may suffer if buyers and sellers do not make payments or deliver goods.
Our success may depend to some extent upon sellers on customer sites reliably delivering and accurately representing their listed goods and buyers paying the agreed purchase price. Our customers have received in the past, and we anticipate that they will receive in the future, communications from sellers and buyers who did not receive the purchase price or the goods that were to have been exchanged. Neither we nor our customers have the ability to require end-users to make payments or deliver goods or otherwise make end-users whole. Our customers also periodically receive complaints from buyers as to the quality of the goods purchased. We are unaware of any complaints that have materially impacted our customers' businesses in a detrimental manner. Neither we nor our customers have the ability to determine the level of such complaints that are made directly between buyers and sellers. We expect that both we and our customers will continue to receive requests from end-users requesting reimbursement or threatening legal action against either our customers or us if no reimbursement is made.
We may have to monitor or control activities on customer sites.
The law relating to the liability of providers of online services for the activities of users of their services is currently unsettled in the U.S. and in other countries. Our service automatically screens by key word all listings submitted by end-users for pornographic material. We also have notice and take-down procedures related to infringing and illegal goods. These procedures are not foolproof and goods that may be subject to regulation by U.S. local, state or federal authorities or local foreign authorities could be sold through our service. These goods include, for example, firearms, alcohol and
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tobacco. We cannot assure you that we will be able to prevent the unlawful exchange of goods on our service or that we will successfully avoid civil or criminal liability for unlawful activities carried out by users through our service. The potential imposition of liability for unlawful activities of end-users of our customers could require us to implement measures to reduce our exposure to such liability, which may require us, among other things, to spend substantial resources and/or to discontinue one or more of our service offerings. Any costs incurred as a result of such liability or asserted liability would harm our results of operations.
Future government regulation of auctions and auctioneers may add to our operating costs.
Numerous U.S. jurisdictions have laws and regulations regarding the conduct of auctions and the liability of auctioneers, which were enacted for consumer protection many years ago. We believe that the U.S. laws and regulations do not apply to our online auction services. However, little precedent exists in this area, and one or more jurisdictions in the U.S. or in other countries in which we do business are attempting or may attempt to impose these laws and regulations to online auction providers and may attempt to impose these laws and regulations on our operations or the operations of our customers in the future. Certain states are currently considering whether to apply their auctioneer regulations to online auctions and at least one state has passed legislation that applies to the conduct of all auctions, including auctions conducted over the Internet. If any such statute or regulation is interpreted to apply to us or to our customers, we and/or those of our customers to whom the statute applies could be required to obtain a license. This could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers, could adversely affect our results of operations by decreasing activity on our customers' auction sites and could subject us or our customers to fines if we or our customers are unable to obtain the required licenses. In addition, as the nature of the products listed by our customers or their end-users changes, we may become subject to new regulatory restrictions. If we do become subject to these laws and regulations in the future, it could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers and could adversely affect our results of operations by decreasing activity on our customers' FairMarket-hosted sites.
Future sales of our common stock could adversely affect our stock price.
A substantial portion of our common stock is held by a small number of investors and can be resold or is subject to registration rights. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that a large number of shares are available for sale, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition to the adverse effect a price decline could have on holders of our common stock, such a decline would likely impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities. Such a decline could also cause our common stock to trade at a per share price of less than $1.00 which could lead to a delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq.
The holders of approximately 9,757,029 shares of our common stock (including at least 952,380 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Series B Preferred Stock), have rights, subject to some conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their shares, or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for FairMarket or other stockholders. Pursuant to the exercise of these rights, we have registered the resale of 9,757,029 shares of our common stock on a Form S-3 registration statement. By selling a large number of shares, these holders could cause the price of our common stock to decline. Furthermore, if we were to include in a FairMarket-initiated registration statement shares held by those holders pursuant to the exercise of their registration rights, those sales could impair our ability to raise needed capital by depressing the price at which we could sell our common stock.
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Our success depends on the continued growth of the Internet and online commerce.
Our future revenues and profits depend upon the widespread acceptance and use of the Internet and other online services as a medium for commerce by businesses and consumers. The use of the Internet and e-commerce may not continue to develop at past rates and a sufficiently broad base of business and individual customers may not adopt or continue to use the Internet as a medium of commerce. The market for the sale of goods and services over the Internet is an emerging market. Demand and market acceptance for online services and for the sale of goods and services over the Internet are subject to a high level of uncertainty. Growth in our customer base depends on obtaining businesses and consumers who have historically used traditional means of commerce to purchase goods and services. For us to be successful, these market participants must accept and use novel ways of conducting business and exchanging information.
E-commerce may not prove to be a viable medium for purchasing for the following reasons, any of which could seriously harm our business:
the necessary infrastructure for Internet communications may not develop adequately;
our potential customers, buyers and suppliers may have security and confidentiality/privacy concerns;
complementary products, such as high-speed modems and high-speed communication lines, may not be developed;
alternative purchasing solutions may be implemented;
buyers may dislike the reduction in the human contact inherent in traditional purchasing methods;
use of the Internet and other online services may not continue to increase or may increase more slowly than expected;
the development or adoption of new technology standards and protocols may be delayed or may not occur; and
new and burdensome governmental regulations may be imposed.
Our success depends on the continued reliability of the Internet.
The Internet continues to experience significant growth in the number of users, frequency of use and bandwidth requirements. We cannot assure you that the infrastructure of the Internet and other online services will be able to support the demands placed upon them. Furthermore, the Internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damage to portions of its infrastructure, and could face such outages and delays in the future. These outages and delays could adversely affect the level of Internet usage and also the level of traffic and the processing of transactions. In addition, the Internet or other online services could lose their viability due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols required to handle increased levels of Internet or other online service activity, or due to increased governmental regulation. Changes in or insufficient availability of telecommunications services or other Internet service providers to support the Internet or other online services also could result in slower response times and adversely affect usage of the Internet and other online services generally and our service in particular. If use of the Internet and other online services does not continue to grow or grows more slowly than expected, if the infrastructure of the Internet and other online services does not effectively support growth that may occur, or if the Internet and other online services do not become a viable commercial marketplace, we will have to adapt our business model to the new environment, which would materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
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Government regulation of the Internet may impede our growth or add to our operating costs.
Like many Internet-based businesses, we operate in an environment of tremendous uncertainty as to potential government regulation. The Internet has rapidly emerged as a commerce medium, and governmental agencies have not yet been able to adapt all existing regulations to the Internet environment. Laws and regulations have been introduced or are under consideration and court decisions have been or may be reached in the U.S. and other countries in which we do business that affect the Internet or other online services, covering issues such as pricing, user privacy, freedom of expression, access charges, content and quality of products and services, advertising, intellectual property rights and information security. In addition, it is uncertain how existing laws governing issues such as taxation, property ownership, copyrights and other intellectual property issues, libel, obscenity and personal privacy will be applied to the Internet. The majority of these laws were adopted prior to the introduction of the Internet and, as a result, do not address the unique issues of the Internet. Recent laws that contemplate the Internet, such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in the U.S., the European Union Electronic Commerce Directive (the "Electronic Commerce Directive") and the European Union Directive on Copyright in the Information Society ("Copyright Directive"), have not yet been fully interpreted by the courts and their applicability is therefore uncertain. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act provides certain "safe harbors" that limit the risk of copyright infringement liability for service providers such as FairMarket with respect to infringing activities engaged in by users of the service, such as end-users of our customers' dynamic pricing sites. We have adopted policies and practices to qualify for one or more of these safe harbors, but we cannot assure you that our efforts will be successful since the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has not been fully interpreted by the courts and its interpretation is therefore uncertain. The European Union Electronic Commerce Directive has already been implemented in the United Kingdom, Spain and Germany. Other Member States should also be implementing this Directive in due course. The UK Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations contain informational requirements for online sellers, requirements for electronic communications and concluding contracts online and provisions limiting the liability of service providers for unlawful content in certain instances. These regulations may affect our operations in the U.K. if our customers or we, as applicable, do not adequately update our respective practices to comply with the new U.K. regulations implementing this Directive. Legislation implementing the Directive in other Member States may similarly affect us or our customers. In Australia, recent amendments have been made to the Copyright Act 1968 to regulate copyright issues arising in the context of the Internet. In addition, the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 has been recently amended to establish a notice and take-down procedure with respect to offensive or obscene content. These amendments provide specific immunities and/or defenses for Internet service providers. However, the full application of these immunities and defenses has not yet been tested. The European Union Copyright Directive attempts to harmonize copyright in areas of digital transmission but has yet to be implemented in the Member States across Europe (including the U.K.). Although Member States should have implemented the Copyright Directive by December 22, 2002, this has not yet taken place. However implementation by Member States is expected to occur in the near future and this may impact on our and our customer's business.
In the area of user privacy, several states have proposed legislation that would limit the uses of personal user information gathered online or require online services to establish privacy policies. The Federal Trade Commission also has become increasingly involved in this area, and recently settled an action with one online service regarding the manner in which personal information is collected from users and provided to third parties. The European Union Directive on the Protection of Personal Data, as implemented in the relevant member states, may affect our operations in the U.K. if we or our customers do not afford adequate privacy to end-users of our customers' sites. Additionally, the recently adopted European Union Directive on Protection of Privacy in the Electronic Communications sector, when implemented in the relevant Member States, may also affect our operations in the UK if we, or our customers, do not update our policies and practices accordingly. This Directive contains a
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number of provisions regulating unsolicited communications, including email. Member States have until 31 October 2003 to implement this Directive. The Australian Privacy Amendment (Privacy Sector) Act 2000, which has an exemption for certain types of small businesses, became effective in December 2001 and may have a similar effect. We do not sell personal user information from our customers' sites. Generally, as between FairMarket and our customers, the personal user information belongs to the customer, not FairMarket, and each site is governed by the respective customer's own privacy policy. We do use aggregated data for analyses regarding our services, and do use personal user information in the performance of our services for our customers. Since we do not control what our customers do with the personal user information they collect, we cannot assure you that our customers' sites will be considered compliant.
As online commerce evolves, we expect that federal, state or foreign agencies will adopt regulations covering issues such as pricing, content, user privacy, hosting liability and quality of products and services. Any future regulation may have a negative impact on our business by restricting our methods of operation or imposing additional costs. Although many of these regulations may not apply to our business directly, we anticipate that laws regulating the solicitation, collection or processing of personal information could indirectly affect our business.
Title V of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, known as the Communications Decency Act of 1996, prohibited the knowing transmission of any comment, request, suggestion, proposal, image or other communication that is obscene or pornographic to any recipient under the age of 18. Substantial portions of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 regarding such communications have been held to be unconstitutional. Subsequent similar legislation, know as the Child Online Protection Act, designed to comport with the constitutional concerns articulated by the Supreme Court, has been enacted; however, the constitutionality of that legislation is currently being litigated as well. As such, the prohibition's scope and the liability associated with a violation are currently unsettled. In addition, we cannot be certain that similar legislation will not be enacted and upheld in the future. It is possible that such legislation could expose companies involved in online commerce to liability, which could limit the growth of online commerce generally. Legislation like the Communications Decency Act could reduce the growth in Internet usage and decrease its acceptance as a communications and commerce medium.
The worldwide availability of Internet web sites often results in sales of goods to buyers outside the jurisdiction in which we or our customers are located, and foreign jurisdictions may claim that we or our customers are required to comply with their laws. As an Internet company, it is unclear which jurisdictions may find that we are conducting business therein. Our failure to qualify to do business in a jurisdiction that requires us to do so could subject us to fines or penalties and could result in our inability to enforce contracts in that jurisdiction.
Regulation of promotional programs and email marketing may restrict our operations or increase our operating costs.
We offer to our customers a variety of promotional and incentive programs including coupon and rebate programs as well as sweepstakes, contests and other games. These types of programs are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations. Some of these states, including New York, Florida, Rhode Island and Arizona, require that sponsors of certain types of sweepstakes and contests register with the state and provide a bond to secure the prizes. In addition, a number of states have special disclosure and registration requirements for promotions offered in connection with certain industries, such as alcohol, gasoline, and milk or offered in conjunction with a charitable organization.
In addition, marketing via email continues to be an area of focus for both federal and state legislatures, and regulators. Presently, more than half the states have statutes regulating the sending of emails. Many of these states provide exemptions if the email is being sent to existing customers or to
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people who have consented to receive the emails. More states have legislation pending, some of which propose the establishment of an email do-not-solicit program, similar to the various state do-not-call programs established for solicitations via telemarketing.
These and the other applicable laws and regulations are very detailed and require extensive disclosures to consumers. However, some of the laws are conflicting or out of date. In addition, the applicable laws, cases and interpretations are often vague, inconsistent or incomplete and are subject to continual reinterpretation by attorneys general and other regulators. Furthermore, at almost all times there are relevant administrative rules or legislation pending which may become effective after a promotion commences making timely compliance extremely difficult. These laws and regulations could have a material impact on our business by restricting our method of operations or imposing additional compliance costs.
New taxes may be imposed on Internet commerce.
In the U.S., we do not collect sales or other similar taxes on goods sold by customers and users through customers' FairMarket-powered sites or service taxes on fees paid by end-users of those sites. The Internet Tax Freedom Act of 1998, which was extended through November 28, 2003 by the Internet Tax Non-Discrimination Act, prohibits the imposition of taxes on internet access services and new taxes on electronic commerce by U.S. federal and state taxing authorities. If the moratorium is not extended past the November 28, 2003 deadline, states may seek to impose sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state companies which engage in or facilitate online commerce, and a number of proposals previously have been made at the state and local level that would impose additional taxes on the sale of goods and services through the Internet. Such proposals, if adopted, could substantially impair the growth of electronic commerce, and could adversely affect our opportunity to derive financial benefit from such activities. Many non-U.S. countries impose service tax (such as value-added tax) collection obligations on companies that engage in or facilitate Internet commerce. We do not collect sales or other similar taxes on goods sold by customers and/or users of our customers' sites in Australia or the U.K., it being the responsibility of our customers to do so if required. Our systems in each of those countries do enable value-added or goods and services taxes to be charged and collected with respect to site usage fees, the determination of which is also the responsibility of our customers. A successful assertion by one or more states or any foreign country that we (rather than our customers) should collect sales or other taxes on the exchange of merchandise or site usage fees or other Internet-based taxes (or any failure of our customers to collect any such taxes if required to do so) could impair our revenue and our ability to acquire and retain customers.
There may be significant security risks and privacy concerns relating to online commerce.
A significant barrier to online commerce and communications is the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks. A compromise or breach of the technology used to protect our customers' and their end-users' transaction data could result from, among other things, advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography, or other events or developments. Any such compromise could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and, therefore, on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, a party who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. Concerns over the security of transactions conducted on the Internet and other online services and the privacy of users may also inhibit the growth of the Internet and other online services generally, especially as a means of conducting commercial transactions. We currently have practices and procedures in place to protect the confidentiality of our customers' and their end-users' information. However, our security procedures to protect against the risk of inadvertent disclosure or intentional breaches of security might
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fail to adequately protect information that we are obligated to keep confidential. We may not be successful in adopting more effective systems for maintaining confidential information, and our exposure to the risk of disclosure of the confidential information of others may grow with increases in the amount of information we possess. To the extent that our activities involve the storage and transmission of proprietary information, such as credit card numbers, security breaches could damage our reputation and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability. Our insurance policies may not be adequate to reimburse us for losses caused by security breaches.
We could be subject to potential product liability claims and third party liability claims related to products and services purchased through our customers' sites.
Any errors, defects or other performance problems in our services and systems could result in financial or other damages to our customers. Although our agreements with our customers typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to claims, existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions could negate these limitation of liability provisions.
In addition, we may not be able to successfully avoid civil or criminal liability for problems related to the products and services sold on customer sites. Even if we are successful, any such claims or litigation could still require expenditure of management time and other resources to defend ourselves. Liability of this sort could require us to implement measures to reduce our exposure to this liability, which may require us, among other things, to expend substantial resources or to discontinue service offerings or to take precautions to ensure that certain products and services are not available on customer sites.
Moreover, deliveries of products purchased on customer sites that are nonconforming, late or are not accompanied by information required by applicable law or regulations, could expose us to liability or result in decreased adoption and use of those sites and therefore our services, which would lead to decreased revenue.
Our stock price is likely to be highly volatile.
The stock market, and in particular the market for Internet-related stocks, has, from time to time, experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Many factors may cause the market price for our common stock to decline, perhaps substantially, including:
failure to meet our development plans;
the demand for our common stock;
changes in general market conditions;
technological innovations by competitors or in competing technologies; and
investor perception of our industry or our prospects.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Investment Portfolio
We do not use derivative financial instruments for investment purposes and only invest in financial instruments that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy guidelines. This policy also limits the amount of credit exposure of any one issue, issuer, and type of investment. Due to the conservative nature of our investments, we do not believe that we have a material exposure to interest rate risk.
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Foreign Currency Risk
International sales are made from our foreign sales subsidiaries in the respective countries and are denominated in the local currency of each country. These subsidiaries also incur most of their expenses in the local currency. Accordingly, all foreign subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency. Our international business is subject to risks typical of an international business, including, but not limited to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, other regulations and restrictions, and foreign exchange rate volatility. Accordingly, our future results could be materially adversely impacted by changes in these or other factors. Our intercompany accounts are typically denominated in the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary in order to centralize foreign exchange risk with the parent company in the United States. We are also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars in consolidation. As exchange rates vary, these results, when translated, may vary from expectations and adversely impact overall financial results. The effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on FairMarket in the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was not significant.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements are included in this Report beginning at page F-1.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Set forth below are the names and ages of each of our directors, nominees for directors and executive officers, their respective positions with our Company, and a brief summary of their business experience for the past five years.
Name |
Age |
Position |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nanda Krish | 42 | President and Chief Executive Officer and DirectorClass ITerm Expires 2004 | ||
Matthew Ackley | 35 | Vice President, Corporate Development | ||
Janet Smith | 45 | Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary | ||
David George | 35 | Vice President of Worldwide Sales | ||
Rory J. Cowan | 50 | Chairman of the Board of DirectorsClass II Term Expires 2005 | ||
Shikar Ghosh | 45 | DirectorClass III Term Expires 2003 | ||
Thomas J. Litle, IV | 62 | DirectorClass I Term Expires 2004 | ||
Joseph R. Wright, Jr. | 64 | DirectorClass II Term Expires 2005 |
Nanda Krish was elected as President and Chief Executive Officer of FairMarket on January 17, 2002, after having served as Interim Chief Executive Officer of FairMarket from July 2001. Mr. Krish has served as a director of FairMarket since April 1997. Mr. Krish has extensive professional experience in general management, sales and marketing and business development at private and public companies in multinational environments. Prior to joining FairMarket, Mr. Krish was co-founder and an operating officer of Verilytics, Inc. (formerly iBelong), a software company that focused on the e-analytics market, from November 1998 to June 2001. At Verilytics, Mr. Krish's overall responsibility for revenues included direct sales, indirect sales and professional services worldwide. Mr. Krish joined Verilytics from Open Market, Inc., where from 1995 until November 1998, he was a member of the senior management team and played an instrumental role in that company's growth from start-up to a leading market provider of Internet commerce software. As Vice President of Corporate Development at Open Market, Mr. Krish helped revenue growth within strategic accounts such as BT, Sprint and UPS, led the company's European expansion and oversaw three merger and acquisition activities. Mr. Krish is a graduate of BU/India with a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering. Mr. Krish came to the U.S. to join graduate studies at the New Jersey Institute of Technology/Rutgers University, where he graduated with dual masters degrees in computer and information services, and management engineering.
Matthew Ackley joined FairMarket in December 1998 and has served as Vice President of Corporate Development since September 2001. Before that, Mr. Ackley served as Vice President of Professional Services from October 2000 to September 2001 and as Vice President of Product Management of FairMarket from May 1999 to October 2000. Before joining FairMarket, Mr. Ackley held management positions at Andersen Consulting from September 1990 to August 1996 and attended Harvard Business School from August 1996 to June 1998. In February 1998, Mr. Ackley co-founded SocialGoods.com, now part of 4charity.com, an Internet shopping site, and served as Chief Operating Officer of that company through November 1998. He graduated from Duke University with a degree in Biomedical and Electrical Engineering and received his MBA from Harvard Business School.
Janet Smith joined FairMarket in January 2001 as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and as Secretary in July 2002. From May 2001 to January 2002, Ms. Smith also served as Interim President of FairMarket. From April to December 2000, Ms. Smith served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of ByAllAccounts.com, Inc., a provider of online account aggregation and portfolio management tools to financial institutions, from June 1999 to March 2000 as Vice President of Finance and
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Administration of toysmart.com, Inc., an online toy retailer, from February 1997 to June 1999 as Controller of Boston Gas Company and from November 1995 to February 1997 as Director of Finance and Information Technology of Barry Controls, a manufacturer of shock and vibration equipment Ms. Smith is a CPA, holds a BS in General Management from Boston College and a Masters in Accounting from Northeastern University.
David George joined FairMarket in February 2003 as Vice President of Worldwide Sales. Mr. George has extensive professional experience in sales, business development, marketing and professional services both domestically and internationally. He has grown revenue at both start up and public organizations throughout his career. Prior to joining FairMarket, Mr. George held several executive level positions at NetGenesis Corporation, a provider of analytic software and services, from 1996 through 2001. From 2000 through 2001, he was Vice President of Corporate Development until the company was acquired by SPSS Corporation. From 1999 to 2000, Mr. George was Vice President of Sales and General Manger for their European Operation where he built out their organization and facilitated an acquisition of a German competitor. From 1998 to 1999, Mr. George served as Vice President of Worldwide Channel Sales where he established revenue producing partnerships with organizations such as IBM Global Services, DoubleClick, Vignette, Interwoven Oracle and Sun Microsystems. From June of 1996 thru 1998, Mr. George served as Director of Worldwide Sales and Business Development where he established direct and in-direct sales in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific regions. Mr. George earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Business from the University of Rhode Island and studied International Business and Marketing at Ealing College, London, U.K.
Rory J. Cowan, age 50, was elected as a director of FairMarket in March 2001. Mr. Cowan is the founder of Lionbridge Technologies, Inc., a provider of globalization products and services for worldwide deployment of technology and information-based products, where he has served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since September 1996. From September 1996 to March 2000, Mr. Cowan also served as President of Lionbridge. Before founding Lionbridge, Mr. Cowan served as Chief Executive Officer of Interleaf, Inc., a document automation software services company from October 1996 to January 1997. From May 1995 to June 1996, Mr. Cowan served as Chief Executive Officer of Stream International, Inc., a software and services provider and a division of R.R. Donnelley & Sons, a provider of commercial print and print-related services. Mr. Cowan joined R.R. Donnelley in 1988 and served most recently as Executive Vice President from 1991 to June 1996. Before joining R.R. Donnelley, Mr. Cowan was founder of CSA Press of Hudson, Mass., a software duplication firm, and held positions at Compugraphic Corporation, an automated publishing hardware firm. Mr. Cowan is a graduate of Harvard University and Harvard Business School.
Shikhar Ghosh, age 45, was elected as a director of FairMarket on January 11, 2002. Mr. Ghosh was a founding team member of Verilytics, Inc. (formerly iBelong) and has served as the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Verilytics since November 1998. Mr. Ghosh was a founder of Open Market, Inc., where he served as Chairman of the Board from December 1995 to December 2000 and as President and Chief Executive Officer from June 1994 to December 1995. Before founding Open Market, Mr. Ghosh served as Vice President of EDS Communications Industry Group, a systems integration corporation, from 1991 to 1993. Before that, Mr. Ghosh served as CEO of Appex Corporation, an information services and software company that provides software to the wireless industry, and served with the Boston Consulting Group, a strategic consulting firm. Mr. Ghosh earned an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and an undergraduate degree from the University of Bombay, India.
Thomas J. Litle, IV, age 62, was elected as a director of FairMarket on January 11, 2002. Mr. Litle is the founder of Litle & Company and has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of that company since its founding in 1985. From 1985 to 1995, Litle & Company was a provider of information sharing, payment processing and electronic network services for the direct marketing industry. In 1995, the operating business of Litle & Company was sold to First USA. Since that time,
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Litle & Company has managed various investments, primarily in the direct marketing industry. Since August 2001, Mr. Litle has served as Acting CEO of Phoenix Processing, LLC, a provider of value added payment transaction services to direct marketers. From 1995 to June 2001, Mr. Litle was Chairman of OrderTrust, Inc., which provided services to direct marketers, retailers and loyalty program providers. From January to June 2001, Mr. Litle served as the Interim CEO of OrderTrust, Inc. Mr. Litle is also a director of The J. Jill Group, Inc. Mr. Litle earned an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and a Bachelor of Science degree from the California Institute of Technology.
Joseph R. Wright, Jr., age 64, has served as a director of FairMarket since May 8, 2002. Mr. Wright is President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of PanAmSat Corporation, one of the world's largest providers of global satellite-based communications services, servicing news organizations, telecommunications companies, DirecTV services, Internet networks and others around the globe. In the six years prior to this position, Mr. Wright was Vice Chairman of Terremark Worldwide Inc., a public company that develops and operates Network Access Point (NAP) centers in the U.S. and Brazil. Mr. Wright was also Chairman and Director of GRC International, Inc., a public company providing advanced IT, Internet, and software systems technologies to government and commercial customers, which was sold to AT&T. He was also Co-Chairman and Director of Baker & Taylor Holdings, Inc., an international book/video/software distribution and e-commerce company that is majority owned by the Carlyle Group. From 1989 to 1994, Mr. Wright was Executive Vice President, Vice Chairman and Director of W.R. Grace & Co., Chairman of Grace Energy Company, and President of Grace Environmental Company. Mr. Wright was Deputy Director and Director of the Federal Office of Management and Budget and a member of the President's Cabinet during the Reagan Administration from 1982 to 1989 and Deputy Secretary of the Department of Commerce from 1981 to 1982. He previously held positions as President of two of Citibank's subsidiaries, as a partner of Booze Allen and Hamilton and in various management/economic positions in the Federal Departments of Commerce and Agriculture. In addition, Mr. Wright is the Chairman of the Advisory Board of Barington Companies Equity Partners, L.P., and serves on the Board of Directors/Advisors of Terremark Worldwide Inc., Titan Corporation, Baker & Taylor, Verso Technologies Inc., Proxim Corporation, musicmaker.com, Inc. and the AT&T Washington Advisory Board. Mr. Wright graduated from Yale University with a Master's Degree in Industrial Administration and from Colorado School of Mines with a Professional Engineering Degree.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires FairMarket's executive officers and directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of FairMarket's common stock to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC and to furnish copies to FairMarket.
Based upon a review of the reports furnished to FairMarket and representations made to FairMarket. FairMarket believes that, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002, all reports required by Section 16(a) to be filed by its officers and directors and 10% beneficial owners were filed on a timely basis.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Director Compensation
For 2002, the one director who is a FairMarket employee receive no compensation for their services as director. Each non-employee director received a cash retainer of $35,000 and also received reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending Board and Committee
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meetings. Non-employee directors are eligible to participate in FairMarket's 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan at the discretion of the full Board of Directors. Non-employee directors typically are granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares, with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of common stock on the date of grant and vest in three equal annual installments, in connection with their initial election to the Board. During 2002, each of Mr. Ghosh, Mr. Litle and Mr. Wright were granted an option to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock on such terms upon their initial election as directors. In July 2002, in consideration of additional Board of Director services performed by Mr. Cowan, the Board of Directors granted Mr. Cowan an additional option to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock, which vests in three equal annual installments, at an exercise price of $1.32 per share, the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant.
Executive Compensation
The following table provides information as to compensation paid by FairMarket for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 to the Chief Executive Officer and to each other executive officer serving as such as of December 31, 2002, other than the CEO, whose total annual salary and bonus for the fiscal year exceeded $100,000 (the "Named Executive Officers").
|
|
|
|
Long-term Compensation Awards |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Annual Compensation |
|||||||||||
Name and Principal Position |
Restricted Stock Awards |
Number of Options |
||||||||||
Year |
Salary |
Bonus |
||||||||||
Matthew Ackley Vice President, Corporate Development |
2002 2001 2000 |
$ $ $ |
150,000 150,000 129,615 |
$ $ $ |
26,563 14,063 9,375 |
|
130,000 15,000 |
|||||
Nanda Krish (1) President & Chief Executive Officer |
2002 2001 |
$ $ |
279,220 156,182 |
$ $ |
93,750 50,000 |
|
775,000 288,000 |
|||||
Janet Smith (2) Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Secretary |
2002 2001 |
$ $ |
175,000 171,648 |
$ $ |
32,157 108,362 |
|
380,000 |
43
Option Grants in Fiscal Year 2002
The following table provides certain information with respect to stock options granted by FairMarket during 2002 to each of the Named Executive Officers.
|
|
|
|
|
Potential Realizable Value at Assumed Annual Rates of Stock Price Appreciation for Option Term (4) |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Individual Grants |
||||||||||||||
|
|
Percent of Total Options Granted to Employees in Fiscal Year |
|
|
|||||||||||
Name |
Options Granted (1) |
Exercise Price per Share (3) |
Expiration Date (1) |
||||||||||||
5% |
10% |
||||||||||||||
Matthew Ackley (5) | 0 | 0 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
Nanda Krish (2) | 775,000 | 54.5 | % | $ | 1.36 | 1/17/12 | $ | 662,855 | $ | 1,679,805 | |||||
Janet Smith (5) | 0 | 0 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Aggregate Option Exercises in Fiscal Year 2002 and Year-End Option Values
The following table sets forth the number of shares of our common stock covered by all stock options held by the Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2002. None of the Named Executive Officers exercised any stock options during 2002. The value of unexercised in-the-money options is based on the closing price of our common stock as reported by Nasdaq on December 31, 2002, minus the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares underlying the options.
|
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options at December 31, 2002 |
|
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Value of Outstanding In-the-Money Options at December 31, 2002 |
|||||||||
Name |
||||||||||
Exercisable |
Unexercisable |
Exercisable |
Unexercisable |
|||||||
Matthew Ackley | 141,250 | 143,750 | $ | 181,013 | $ | 69,788 | ||||
Nanda Krish | 408,313 | 839,688 | $ | 141,408 | $ | 258,222 | ||||
Janet Smith | 137,500 | 242,500 | $ | 37,594 | $ | 69,806 |
44
Severance and Change of Control Agreements
Severance Agreements. In January 2002, FairMarket entered into a severance agreement with Mr. Krish which provides that if Mr. Krish's employment with FairMarket is terminated other than "for cause" (as defined in that severance agreement) or if he terminates his employment with FairMarket for "good reason" (as defined in that severance agreement) during the one-year period following the occurrence of a "change of control" (as defined in that severance agreement), then (a) all outstanding options held by him (including those listed above under "Option Grants in Fiscal Year 2002" and all other options granted to him to date) will accelerate in full upon such termination and (b) FairMarket will pay him a lump-sum cash amount equal to one year of his base salary plus one year's target bonus. This agreement also provides that if Mr. Krish's employment with FairMarket is terminated other than "for cause" or if he terminates his employment with FairMarket for "good reason," in each case other than during the one-year period following the occurrence of a "change of control," then all outstanding options held by him (including those listed above under "Options Grants in Fiscal Year 2002," other than the option granted to him in August 2001) will accelerate by one year and FairMarket will continue to pay him his base salary for twelve months following his termination date.
FairMarket and each of Mr. Ackley and Ms. Smith are parties to an amended severance agreements dated as of October 11, 2001. These agreements provide that if the officer's employment with FairMarket is terminated other than "for cause" (as defined in the severance agreements) or if the officer terminates their employment with FairMarket for "good reason" (as defined in the severance agreements) during the two-year period following the occurrence of a "change of control" (as defined in the severance agreements), then (a) all outstanding options held by that person other than the options granted in August 2001 will accelerate in full upon such termination and (b) FairMarket will pay that person a lump-sum cash amount equal to the greater of (1) the sum of that person's annual base salary as of the termination date plus their target bonus (defined as 25% of that person's annual base salary) or (2) the sum of the base salary paid or payable to that person during the 12 months preceding the termination date plus the total of the bonuses paid to or payable to that person with respect to the preceding four quarters. The agreement with Ms. Smith also provides that if her employment with FairMarket is terminated other than "for cause" or she terminates her employment with FairMarket for "good reason," in each case other than during the two-year period following the occurrence of a "change of control," then (a) all outstanding options held by her other than the option granted to her in August 2001 will accelerate by one year and (b) FairMarket will continue to pay Ms. Smith her base salary for six months following her termination date.
Each of the agreements described also prohibits the executive from competing with FairMarket and its affiliates or soliciting any employee of FairMarket or its affiliates for a period of one year following termination of the executive's employment with FairMarket.
45
Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on Executive Compensation
The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending to the Board of Directors the amount and type of consideration to be paid to senior management, administering FairMarket's stock option and employee stock purchase plans and establishing and reviewing general policies relating to compensation and benefits of employees. During 2002, the Compensation Committee consisted of Messrs. Cowan, Ghosh and Litle. Mr. Krish did not participate in deliberations by the Board or the Compensation Committee regarding his individual compensation for 2002.
The goals of FairMarket's compensation program are to align compensation with business objectives and performance, to enable FairMarket to attract, retain and reward executive officers and other employees who contribute to FairMarket's long-term success and to motivate those officers and employees to enhance long-term stockholder value. The compensation of FairMarket's officers and employees consists of an annual base salary, short-term performance incentives in the form of cash bonuses and long-term performance incentives in the form of stock options. FairMarket has in the past and continues to emphasize the award of stock options in its executive compensation policy and believes that in the highly competitive, evolving markets in which FairMarket operates, equity-based compensation provides the greatest incentive for outstanding executive performance and encourages the greatest alignment of management and stockholder long-term interests
Base Salary. The initial annual base salary for executive officers hired by FairMarket during 2002 was reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors. When reviewing those base salaries, the Board has considered level of responsibility, breadth of knowledge and prior experience as well as publicly available compensation information and informal survey information obtained by FairMarket's management with respect to other companies in the Internet industry. The relative importance of these factors varies, depending on the particular individual whose salary is being reviewed. The Board has not determined it necessary to specifically analyze compensation levels at companies included in the index under the caption "Performance Graph." For 2002, in light of economic conditions, the Compensation Committee determined not to effect any salary increase for any executive officers for that year.
Bonuses. During 2002, FairMarket's executive officers were eligible to receive a quarterly cash bonus of up to a specified percentage of their quarterly base salary based on the extent to which business and individual performance objectives, approved by the Board of Directors for each such person, were achieved. These objectives consisted of operating, strategic and/or financial goals that are considered to be important to FairMarket's fundamental long-term goal of building stockholder value. Cash bonuses were paid to executive officers for the four quarters of 2002, based on the extent to which officers achieved their objectives, as approved by the Compensation Committee. In addition, Mr. Krish was paid a cash bonus of $50,000 in March 2002 in connection with his service as Interim Chief Executive Officer from July 2001 to January 2002.
Stock Options. FairMarket's equity incentive plans are designed to provide its employees with an opportunity to share, along with its stockholders, in FairMarket's long-term performance. Initial grants of stock options are generally made to employees upon commencement of employment, with additional grants being made to certain employees following a significant change in job responsibility, scope or title. Options granted under FairMarket's standard stock option program generally vest over a four-year period and expire 10 years from the date of grant. The exercise price of the options is usually 100% of the fair market value of FairMarket's common stock on the date of grant.
The number of shares of FairMarket's common stock covered by options granted to new employees other than executive officers is generally determined based on a schedule of option grant ranges for each job level, as approved by the Board of Directors. These ranges take into account publicly available compensation information and informal survey information obtained by FairMarket's management with respect to other companies in the Internet industry. The number of shares of
46
FairMarket's common stock covered by options granted to new executive officers is determined on an individual basis taking into account the same factors as are considered in establishing the officers' initial base salary, as described above. Follow-on option grants to employees are based upon a number of factors, including performance of the individual, job level, potential and past option grants.
Compensation of the Chief Executive Officer. Effective January 17, 2002, the Board of Directors elected Nanda Krish as President and Chief Executive Officer of FairMarket. Mr. Krish's initial annual base salary was set at $300,000 per year and Mr. Krish was eligible to receive an annual bonus based on performance measures. For 2002, the target annual bonus was equal to 50% of the annualized base salary, with a minimum equal to 25% and a maximum equal to 100% of the annualized base salary. The actual bonus amount was subject to the Board of Directors assessment of Mr. Krish's performance which includedobjectives that consisted of operating, strategic and/or financial goals that are considered to be important to FairMarket's fundamental long-term goal of building stockholder value. For 2002, Mr. Krish was paid $143,750, including $50,000 bonus for objectives achieved while serving as interim Chief Executive Officer during 2001. As described above under "Stock Options," in January 2002 the Compensation Committee also granted Mr. Krish an option to purchase 775,000 shares, at an exercise price of $1.36 per share that vest quarterly over four years, under the executive incentive option program. The salary level, targeted bonus and stock options granted to Mr. Krish were determined by the Board based on a study by independent compensation consultants.
Deductibility of Executive Compensation. Compensation payments in excess of $1 million to the chief executive officer or the other four most highly compensated executive officers are subject to a limitation on deductibility for FairMarket under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Certain performance-based compensation is not subject to the limitation on deductibility. The Compensation Committee does not expect cash compensation in 2003 to its chief executive officer or any other executive officer to be in excess of $1 million. FairMarket intends to maintain qualification of its applicable stock option plans for the performance-based exception to the $1 million limitation on deductibility of compensation payments.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS and COMPENSATION COMMITTEE |
||
Rory J. Cowan Shikhar Ghosh Thomas J. Litle, IV |
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
For the year ended December 31, 2002, FairMarket's executive compensation program was administered by either the full Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on FairMarket's common stock with the cumulative total return of (a) the Nasdaq Stock Market Index (U.S.) (the "Nasdaq Index"), (b) the JP Morgan H&Q Internet 100 Index through December 31, 2001 and (c) the RDG Internet. The graph assumes that $100 was invested in each of our common stock, the Nasdaq Index, the JP Morgan H&Q Internet 100 Index and the RDG Internet group on March 14, 2000 (the date on which our common stock was first publicly traded) and reflects the return through December 31, 2002, and assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any. The comparisons in the graph below are based on
47
historical data and are not indicative of, or intended to forecast, possible future performance of FairMarket's common stock. We replaced the JP Morgan H&Q Index used in the graph below with the RDG Internet group because the JP Morgan H&Q Index ceased publication on December 31, 2001.
|
3/14/00 |
12/00 |
12/01 |
12/02 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAIRMARKET, INC. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 8.82 | $ | 6.59 | $ | 9.47 | ||||
NASDAQ STOCK MARKET (U.S.) | $ | 100.00 | $ | 52.49 | $ | 41.65 | $ | 28.79 | ||||
JP MORGAN H & Q INTERNET 100 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 32.28 | $ | 20.77 | ||||||
RDG INTERNET | $ | 100.00 | $ | 56.25 | $ | 34.74 | $ | 22.91 |
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table shows the amount of capital stock of FairMarket beneficially owned as of February 28, 2003 by:
Beneficial ownership includes shares that are directly owned or jointly owned, as well as shares over which the individual or entity has sole or shared investment or voting authority. Beneficial ownership also includes shares that the individual or entity has the right to acquire (through the exercise of options or warrants or any other right) within 60 days after February 28, 2003. Each share of series B preferred stock is convertible initially into one share of common stock. Unless otherwise
48
indicated, the address for the directors and executive officers of FairMarket listed in the table below is c/o FairMarket, Inc., 500 Unicorn Park Drive, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership |
Percent of Class(1) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Common Stock: | |||||
Directors and Executive Officers | |||||
Matthew Ackley | 118,325 | (2) | * | ||
Nanda Krish | 613,888 | (3) | 2.3 | % | |
Janet Smith | 162,500 | (4) | * | ||
Rory J. Cowan | 85,000 | (5) | * | ||
Shikhar Ghosh | 25,000 | (6) | * | ||
Thomas J. Litle, IV | 25,000 | (7) | * | ||
Joseph R. Wright, Jr.(9) | 0 | * | |||
All directors and Named Executive Officers as a group (7 persons) | 1,029,713 | (8) | 3.8 | % | |
Other 5% Beneficial Owners | |||||
JHC Investment Partners, LLC c/o Barington Capital Group, L.P. 888 Seventh Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
3,485,500 | (10) | 13.2 | % | |
Lloyd I. Miller, III 4550 Gordon Drive Naples, FL 34102 |
3,687,988 | (11) | 13.9 | % | |
Sierra Ventures Associates VII LLC 3000 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, CA 94025 |
4,925,334 | (12) | 18.6 | % | |
Ticketmaster 3701 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90010 |
2,250,000 | (13) | 8.5 | % | |
Series B Preferred Stock: | |||||
eBay Inc. 2145 Hamilton Avenue San Jose, CA 95125 |
952,380 | 100 | % |
49
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2002 regarding shares of common stock of the Company that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans, including the Company's 1997 Stock Option Plan (the "1997 Plan"), 1999 Stock Option Plan (the "1999 Plan"), and 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "2000 Plan") and the Company's 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). These Plans are more fully described in Note 10.
|
Equity Compensation Plan Information |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plan category |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Weighted Average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plan (excluding securities referenced in column (a)) |
||||||
|
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1) | 2,463,939 | (2) | $ | 1.71 | 4,159,025 | (3) | |||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(4) | 1,106,598 | $ | 1.70 | 1,543,152 | |||||
Total | 3,570,537 | $ | 1.71 | 5,702,177 | |||||
50
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
In February 2002, FairMarket entered into a three-year Commerce Services Agreement with eBay Inc., the beneficial owner of all of our outstanding shares of series B preferred stock, under which FairMarket provided the private-label promotional technology platform behind a Burger King Corporation online loyalty program. This agreement provided for the payment by eBay to FairMarket of an implementation fee, certain professional services fees and quarterly application fees. Under this agreement, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002, eBay paid FairMarket a total of $752,993 for implementation, application and professional services fees. This agreement was subject to a one-year extension and to early termination in certain events, including any termination of the related agreement between eBay and Burger King. This agreement was terminated in November 2002.
ITEM 14. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-14(c) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), within 90 days of the filing date of this report. Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Controls
There have been no significant changes (including corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies or material weaknesses) in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of the evaluation referenced in paragraph (a) above.
51
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(1) Financial Statements
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Report of Independent Accountants | F-2 | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 | F-3 | |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 | F-4 | |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 | F-5 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 | F-7 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-8 |
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedule IIValuation and Qualifying Accounts | II-2 |
(3) Exhibits
Exhibits indicated with (+) constitute all of the management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements required to be filed as exhibits to the Report on Form 10-K.
Exhibit No. |
Title |
|
---|---|---|
3.1 | Form of Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company(1) | |
3.2 | Composite Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company as amended by Amendment to Bylaws adopted May 16, 2001(4) | |
3.3 | Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of a Series of Preferred Stock of the Company classifying and designating the Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock(2) | |
3.4 | Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of a Series of Preferred Stock of FairMarket, Inc. classifying and designating the Series B Preferred Stock.(6) | |
4.1 | Form of Specimen Certificate for the Company's Common Stock(4) | |
4.2 | Shareholder Rights Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2001, between the Company and EquiServe Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent, including form of Right Certificate(2) | |
4.3 | Investors' Rights Agreement, dated February 25, 1999, between the Company and the stockholders named therein(1) | |
4.4 | Amendment to Investors' Rights Agreement, dated August 23, 1999, between the Company and the stockholders named therein(1) | |
4.5 | Amendment to Investors' Rights Agreement, dated September 15, 1999, between the Company and TicketMaster Online-CitySearch, Inc.(1) | |
4.6 | Registration Rights Agreement dated May 17, 2002 between FairMarket, Inc. and eBay, Inc.(6) | |
4.7 | Voting and Standstill Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2002 between FairMarket, Inc. and eBay, Inc.(6) |
52
10.1 | Form of Indemnity Agreement entered into by the Company with each of its directors(1) | |
10.2 | Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan(1)(+) | |
10.3 | October 2001 Amendment to Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan(4)(+) | |
10.4 | 1999 Stock Option Plan(1)(+) | |
10.5 | 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan(1)(+) | |
10.6 | Composite Transaction Bonus Plan adopted August 28, 2001 as amended on March 12, 2002(4)(+) | |
10.7 | Employee Stock Purchase Plan(1)(+) | |
10.8 | Letter agreement dated June 26, 2001 between the Company and Nanda Krish(3)(+) | |
10.9 | Amended and Restated Agreement Concerning Termination of Employment, Severance Pay and Related Matters dated as of October 11, 2001 between the Company and Mathew Ackley(4)(+) | |
10.10 | Second Amended and Restated Agreement Concerning Termination of Employment, Severance Pay and Related Matters dated as of October 11, 2001 between the Company and Janet Smith(4)(+) | |
10.11 | Lease Agreement dated November 9, 1999, between DIV Unicorn, LLC and the Company(1) | |
10.12 | Siteharbor Services Agreement between the Company and NaviSite, Inc. dated as of November 1, 2001 together with Amendment to Siteharbor Services Agreement dated as of November 1, 2001(4) | |
10.13 | Indemnification Agreement among the Company and Sierra Ventures VII, LP, and Sierra Ventures Associates VII, LLC, dated February 25, 1999(1) | |
10.14 | Warrant to Purchase Common Stock between the Company and Lycos, Inc. dated as of May 12, 1999(1) | |
10.15 | Auction Services Agreement, dated September 15, 1999, by and between the Company and Ticketmaster Online-CitySearch(1) | |
10.16 | Agreement Concerning termination of Employment, Severance Pay and related Matters dated as of January 17,2003 between the Company and Nanda Krish(5)(+) | |
10.17 | Second Amendment to Agreement dated as of March 15, 2002 between the Company and NaviSite, Inc.(5) | |
10.18 | Promotions Agreement dated as of April 10, 2002 between the Company and eBay Inc.(7) | |
10.19 | Third Amendment to Agreement dated as of December 1, 2002 between the Company and NaviSite, Inc. * | |
10.20 | Agreement Concerning Employment and Termination dated as of January 20, 2003 between the Company and David George.*(+) | |
21 | List of Subsidiaries* | |
23.1 | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP* | |
24.1 | Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page hereto) | |
99.1 | Section 906 Chief Executive Officer Certification* | |
99.2 | Section 906 Chief Financial Officers Certification* |
53
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
None.
54
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on March 28, 2003.
FAIRMARKET, INC. | |||
By: |
/s/ NANDA KRISH Nanda Krish President and Chief Executive Officer |
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Janet Smith, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments or post-effective amendments to this annual report and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or his or her substitute may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
/s/ NANDA KRISH Nanda Krish |
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | March 28, 2003 | ||
/s/ JANET SMITH Janet Smith |
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
March 28, 2003 |
||
/s/ RORY J. COWAN Rory J. Cowan |
Director |
March 28, 2003 |
||
/s/ SHIKHAR GHOSH Shikhar Ghosh |
Director |
March 28, 2003 |
||
/s/ THOMAS J. LITLE Thomas J. Litle IV |
Director |
March 28, 2003 |
||
/s/ JOSEPH R. WRIGHT, JR. Joseph R. Wright, Jr. |
Director |
March 28, 2003 |
55
I, Nanda Krish, Chief Executive Officer, certify that:
Date: March 28, 2003 | |||
By: |
/s/ NANDA KRISH Nanda Krish Chief Executive Officer |
56
I, Janet Smith, Chief Financial Officer, certify that:
Date: March 28, 2003 | |||
By: |
/s/ JANET SMITH Janet Smith Chief Financial Officer |
57
FairMarket, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statements
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Report of Independent Accountants | F-2 | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 | F-3 | |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 | F-4 | |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 | F-5 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 | F-7 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-8 |
F-1
Report of Independent Accountants
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of FairMarket, Inc.:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) on page 52 present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of FairMarket, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2002 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston,
Massachusetts
February 7, 2003
F-2
FAIRMARKET, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
|
December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
ASSETS | |||||||||
Current assets: | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 32,743 | $ | 20,329 | |||||
Marketable securities | 6,991 | 19,977 | |||||||
Restricted cash | 548 | 481 | |||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $267 and $563 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively | 1,328 | 639 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses | 610 | 520 | |||||||
Other assets | 534 | 720 | |||||||
Total current assets | 42,754 | 42,666 | |||||||
Long-term marketable securities | 15,000 | 23,066 | |||||||
Long-term prepaid expenses | 35 | | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 1,478 | 5,718 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 59,267 | $ | 71,450 | |||||
LIABILITIES, PREFERED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 133 | $ | 383 | |||||
Deferred revenue | 520 | 238 | |||||||
Accrued expenses | 1,489 | 1,489 | |||||||
Current portion of unutilized space accrual | 1,040 | | |||||||
Current portion of long-term capital lease obligation | | 145 | |||||||
Total current liabilities | 3,182 | 2,255 | |||||||
Long term unutilized space accrual | 1,040 | | |||||||
Other long-term liabilities | 169 | 338 | |||||||
Total liabilities | 4,391 | 2,593 | |||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | |||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, 952,380 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2002 | 1,967 | | |||||||
Stockholders' equity | |||||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized, 29,420,682 and 29,061,861 shares issued at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively | 30 | 29 | |||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 188,747 | 189,370 | |||||||
Treasury stock, (at cost of $1.27 per share); 2,989,265 and zero shares at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively | (3,795 | ) | | ||||||
Deferred compensation and equity-related charges | (159 | ) | (10,580 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net | 12 | (13 | ) | ||||||
Accumulated deficit | (131,926 | ) | (109,949 | ) | |||||
Total stockholders' equity | 52,909 | 68,857 | |||||||
Total liabilities, preferred stock and stockholders' equity | $ | 59,267 | $ | 71,450 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-3
FAIRMARKET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
|
For the Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||
Revenue | $ | 5,747 | $ | 8,571 | $ | 10,937 | |||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
Cost of revenue, exclusive of $134, $200 and $224 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, reported below as equity-related charges | 3,555 | 4,919 | 4,910 | ||||||||
Sales and marketing, exclusive of $9,465, $20,196 and $15,535 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, reported below as equity-related charges | 2,284 | 7,986 | 23,341 | ||||||||
Development and engineering, exclusive of $195, $400 and $858 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, reported below as equity-related charges | 2,213 | 4,926 | 8,784 | ||||||||
General and administrative, exclusive of $100, $352 and $841 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, reported below as equity-related charges | 6,612 | 10,744 | 12,999 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | 530 | 1,965 | 349 | ||||||||
Unutilized office space charge | 3,987 | | | ||||||||
Equity-related charges | 9,894 | 21,148 | 16,349 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 29,075 | 51,688 | 66,732 | ||||||||
Loss from operations | (23,328 | ) | (43,117 | ) | (55,795 | ) | |||||
Interest income | 1,351 | 3,083 | 4,545 | ||||||||
Interest expense | | (27 | ) | | |||||||
Other expense | | (122 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||
Net loss | $ | (21,977 | ) | $ | (40,183 | ) | $ | (51,267 | ) | ||
Dividends and accretion on redeemable convertible preferred stock | 138 | | | ||||||||
Net loss attributable to common shareholders | $ | (22,115 | ) | $ | (40,183 | ) | $ | (51,267 | ) | ||
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | (0.79 | ) | $ | (1.39 | ) | $ | (2.15 | ) | ||
Shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share | 28,080 | 28,870 | 23,811 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-4
FAIRMARKET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK,
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
(In thousands)
|
Convertible Preferred Stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Common Stock |
|
|
|
Deferred Compensation and Equity-related Charges |
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
|
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Treasury Stock |
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Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) |
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Shares |
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Amount at Par |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Stock Subscription Receivable |
Accumulated Deficit |
Comprehensive Loss |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amount |
Shares |
Shares |
Amount |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 1999 | 16,313 | $ | 52,578 | 5,243 | $ | 5 | $ | 40,136 | $ | (60,026 | ) | $ | (15,312 | ) | $ | (18,499 | ) | $ | (1,118 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Conversion of convertible preferred stock | (16,313 | ) | (52,578 | ) | 16,313 | 16 | 70,062 | 17,500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (51,267 | ) | $ | (51,267 | ) | (51,267 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | $ | (47 | ) | (47 | ) | (47 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on marketable securities | 19 | 19 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss | $ | (51,295 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon the Company's initial public offering, net of offering costs | 5,750 | 7 | 89,142 | 89,149 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Excite payment | 5,000 | 5,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Remeasurement of shares issued to Excite | 10,500 | (10,500 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation related to employee stock options | 2,679 | (2,679 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cancellation of employee stock options | (4,436 | ) | 4,436 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-related charges | 17,278 | 17,278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cash advertising | 10,312 | 10,312 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of employee stock options | 525 | 179 | 179 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 84 | 277 | 277 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock to employees | 50 | 500 | (500 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of Lycos warrants | 725 | 1 | (1 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2000 | | | 28,690 | 29 | $ | 209,038 | (51,991 | ) | | (28 | ) | (69,766 | ) | 87,282 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (40,183 | ) | (40,183 | ) | (40,183 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (39 | ) | (39 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on marketable securities | 54 | 54 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss | $ | (40,168 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cancellation of employee stock options | (1,761 | ) | 1,761 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return of warrants issued to Microsoft | (18,034 | ) | 18,034 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-related charges | 21,616 | 21,616 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of employee stock options | 329 | 91 | 91 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 43 | 36 | 36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | | | 29,062 | 29 | 189,370 | (10,580 | ) | | (13 | ) | (109,949 | ) | 68,857 |
F-5
FAIRMARKET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK,
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
(In thousands)
|
Convertible Preferred Stock |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Common Stock |
|
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Deferred Compensation and Equity-related Charges |
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Treasury Stock |
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
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Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shares |
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Amount at Par |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Stock Subscription Receivable |
Accumulated Deficit |
Comprehensive Loss |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Amount |
Shares |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (21,977 | ) | $ | (21,977 | ) | (21,977 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 98 | 98 | 98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on marketable securities | (73 | ) | (73 | ) | (73 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss | $ | (21,952 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock | 952 | 1,796 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effective EITF 01-09 on convertible preferred stock | 114 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series B convertible preferred stock dividend | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series B convertible preferred stock accretion | 57 | (57 | ) | (57 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common stock | 3,181 | (4,039 | ) | (4,039 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of employee stock options | 320 | 1 | 10 | (192 | ) | 244 | 255 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan | 39 | 32 | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cancellation of employee stock options | (527 | ) | 527 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-related charges | 9,414 | 9,414 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation related to employee stock options | 480 | 480 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 952 | $ | 1,967 | 29,421 | $ | 30 | $ | 188,747 | 2,989 | $ | (3,795 | ) | $ | (159 | ) | $ | | $ | 12 | $ | (131,926 | ) | $ | 52,909 | |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-6
FAIRMARKET, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
|
For the Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (21,977 | ) | $ | (40,183 | ) | $ | (51,267 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation | 2,940 | 3,742 | 2,684 | |||||||||
Provision for bad debt | (177 | ) | 23 | 348 | ||||||||
Non-cash advertising expense | | 3,500 | 10,312 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred compensation and equity-related charges | 9,894 | 21,616 | 17,278 | |||||||||
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 1,379 | 240 | 17 | |||||||||
Unutilized office space charge | 2,080 | | | |||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock issued to customer | 114 | | | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | (512 | ) | 1,329 | (1,484 | ) | |||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 96 | (91 | ) | (4,431 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable | (250 | ) | (760 | ) | (264 | ) | ||||||
Accrued expenses | | (1,634 | ) | 1,478 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue | 282 | (753 | ) | 411 | ||||||||
Other non-current liabilities | (169 | ) | (169 | ) | 508 | |||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | (6,300 | ) | (13,140 | ) | (24,410 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
Long term prepaid | (35 | ) | | | ||||||||
Additions to property and equipment | (17 | ) | (905 | ) | (7,020 | ) | ||||||
Purchase of marketable securities | (304,522 | ) | (74,754 | ) | (29,426 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from maturity of marketable securities | 325,502 | 46,743 | 16,486 | |||||||||
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash | (67 | ) | 1,320 | | ||||||||
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | | 27 | 26 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 20,861 | (27,569 | ) | (19,934 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
Repayment of capital lease obligation | (145 | ) | (190 | ) | (148 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | 287 | 127 | 89,605 | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs | 1,796 | | | |||||||||
Purchase of treasury stock | (4,039 | ) | | | ||||||||
Dividends paid on Series B convertible preferred stock | (81 | ) | | | ||||||||
Collection of subscription receivable | | | 5,000 | |||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (2,182 | ) | (63 | ) | 94,457 | |||||||
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and equivalents | 35 | (25 | ) | (47 | ) | |||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents | 12,414 | (40,797 | ) | 50,066 | ||||||||
Cash and equivalents, beginning of period | 20,329 | 61,126 | 11,060 | |||||||||
Cash and equivalents, end of period | $ | 32,743 | $ | 20,329 | $ | 61,126 | ||||||
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
Cash paid during the period for interest | | $ | 27 | $ | 2 | |||||||
Non-cash investing activity: | ||||||||||||
Acquisition of assets under capital lease | | | $ | 493 | ||||||||
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock | | | $ | 70,078 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F-7
FAIRMARKET, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. The Company
FairMarket is an online auction and promotions technology and service provider that enables marketers to create results-oriented rewards programs and helps commerce companies automate the process of selling their excess inventory online to wholesale and consumer buyers.
In the promotions area we offer a range of services, technology and expertise that enable large brands to quickly and easily create fun, innovative, interactive and customized marketing programs in conjunction with off-line sales and marketing initiatives. We work with leading brands and agencies to execute programs that help marketers engage customers, drive sales and leverage the eBay community through the exclusive marketing arrangement we entered into with eBay during the second quarter of 2002. Our promotion solution is effective as either the central program concept for a rewards promotion using newly created points currency or as a value added redemption module for use with an existing loyalty program. Our auction and promotions platform can help optimize the return on investment on marketing and promotional budgets and lead to the creation of a higher quality customer database to assist future marketing initiatives.
We also utilize our technology, services and expertise in the commerce area to help large merchants maximize yield on clearance, excess and off-lease inventory and to realize process efficiencies. Our solutions enable merchants to sell to their existing base of wholesale buyers or to buyers on eBay as well as to consumers on their own sites. Our technology is designed to enable our customers to leverage their existing inventory, transaction and fulfillment infrastructures by integrating seamlessly with those systems.
Our services are used in four primary areas: (1) retail and discount clearance; (2) promotions and interactive marketing; (3) business-to-business surplus; and (4) outsourced auctions and e-commerce to portals and other web communities. We provide a broad suite of dynamic pricing and points based formats, including auctions, our primary format, as well as fixed transaction formats for commerce and promotions, falling price formats for commerce, and integrated marketing capability to create a comprehensive e-business selling and marketing service offering.
We offer our commerce customers the ability to distribute their listings to other sites through two methods. First, through our MarketSelectsmservice, we enable customers (with or without their own FairMarket-hosted dynamic pricing site) to list, manage and transact sales on eBay. Second, because we host our customer's dynamic pricing sites on our central systems, we have the ability to aggregate listings of goods and services available for sale on our customers' FairMarket-hosted sites and make those listings available for display and sale on other FairMarket-hosted customer sites.
We provide an array of operational and support services to customers. In addition to hosting, customer support and end-user support services, our professional services group provides our customers with a range of business applications, technical customization, integration, e-marketing, usability and other consulting services related to our product offerings.
We have a single operating segment, providing outsourced online auction and promotions technology, private-label dynamic pricing or points based solutions. We have no organizational structure dictated by product lines, geography or customer type.
F-8
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FairMarket and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform with current year presentation.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investment instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of cash placed in an overnight investment account, commercial paper and money market accounts.
Marketable Securities
The Company has classified its marketable securities as "available for sale." Marketable securities are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is a separate component of stockholders' equity, until realized. Net realized gains and losses on securities transactions are determined on the specific identification basis and are included in interest income. The Company reviews all investments for reductions in fair value that are other-than-temporary. When such reductions occur, the cost of the investment is adjusted to its fair value through loss on investments in the consolidated statement of operations. The market value of the Company's marketable securities is based on quoted market prices.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company's future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Factors that could affect the Company's future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to: market acceptance of the Company's online auction and other e-commerce services; growth of the market for dynamic e-commerce services; the competitive nature of the online markets in which the Company operates; economic conditions; the Company's ability to generate significant revenue to reach profitability; the Company's ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the Company's ability to retain existing customers and to obtain new customers; the operation and capacity of the Company's network system infrastructure; the Company's ability to expand its operations in its geographic markets and the currency, regulatory and other risks associated with doing business in international markets; and the Company's limited operating history.
The Company has no significant concentration of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable
F-9
securities and trade accounts receivable. The Company places its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities with what the Company believes are high credit quality financial institutions.
Our customers include traditional retailers, distributors and manufacturers as well as Internet portals and other web communities primarily engaged in e-commerce. We had three customers in 2002 that each accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue, Sam's West, Inc. accounted for 13.6%, revenue from providing promotion services to Burger King under our exclusive marketing agreement with eBay, Inc. accounted for 13.1% and Microsoft Corporation accounted for 12.6% of total revenue. In November 2002, our contract with eBay, Inc. related to the Burger King promotion program was terminated. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue for 2001 and 2000.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized; maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of the respective assets are charged to operations. On disposal, the related accumulated depreciation or amortization is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
|
Estimated Useful Life |
|
---|---|---|
Computer equipment | 3 years | |
Furniture and fixtures | 5 years | |
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of lease term or asset useful life |
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events, such as service discontinuance, technological obsolescence, facility closure or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. When such events occur, the Company compares the carrying amount of the assets to their undiscounted expected future cash flows. If this comparison indicates that there is an impairment, the amount of the impairment is calculated using expected, discounted cash flows using the Company's weighted average cost of capital. To date, the Company believes that no such impairment has occurred.
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenue from application fees, transaction fees and professional services fees. In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, the Company does not record revenue until all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; services have been rendered; the Company's price to its customer is fixed and determinable; and collectibility is reasonably assured.
Application fees consist of implementation fees and fixed monthly hosting, support and operating fees. An implementation fee is generally charged for the initial design, development and implementation of a customer's dynamic pricing or points based site or the Company's MarketSelect service, in accordance with the terms of the contract. The implementation fee is generally payable upon
F-10
execution of the contract, recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue, ratably, over the contract period. A fixed monthly hosting fee covers hosting services, direct customer support services, end-user customer support services, services for online billing and collection of fees for community sites, and other monthly operating services provided by the Company. Fixed monthly service fees are recognized as revenue in the month that the service is provided.
Merchant customers generally pay transaction fees at varying percentages of the gross proceeds from the sale of their listed products and services, whether sold on their sites or on other FairMarket Network sites or, in the case of the Company's MarketSelect service, on the eBay site. For community customers, transaction fees consist of the Company's share of listing fees charged by community customers for the listing of products and services, enhanced listing fees charged by community customers for the prominent display of a particular seller listing and success fees charged to sellers upon a completed sale of a listing. Community customers pay transaction fees calculated in one of two ways. Generally, under contracts entered into before 2000, these fees are calculated based on a percentage of the gross proceeds from the sale of the items that are listed through the community site and sold either on the community site or on other FairMarket Network sites. These communities receive a percentage of the gross proceeds from the sale of items that are listed directly on other sites in the FairMarket Network and sold through the community site. Contracts entered into starting in early 2000 generally provide for payment by the community customer of transaction fees with respect to the sale of listings that are placed on the community site that are calculated as a percentage of the transaction fee that the community site charges to its end-users; similarly, for listings that are listed directly through other sites in the FairMarket Network and sold through the community site, the community site receives from the Company a percentage of the success fee that the listing site charges to the listing site's end-user when the listing sells. The Company records transaction revenue net of amounts paid to its customers as described above. Transaction fees are invoiced and recognized as revenue at the completion of the listing period.
Professional services fees primarily consist of fees for consulting services provided by the Company related to the Company's outsourced, private-label, dynamic pricing solutions, including business applications, technical customization, integration, e-marketing, usability and other consulting services. Certain professional services fees, including technical customization and integration related to ongoing service relationships, are billed over the term of the service, recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue, ratably, over the remaining term of the service contract. Fees for consulting services, which represent a separate earnings process and are unrelated to ongoing services, including business applications, e-marketing, usability and other consulting services, are generally billed and recognized as revenue in the period the service was provided.
We follow the guidance of Emerging Issues Task Force issue No. 01-09, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer or a Reseller of the Vendor's Products ("EITF 01-09") in determining whether consideration, including equity instruments, given to a customer should be recorded as an operating expense or a reduction of revenue recognized from that same customer. Consideration given to a customer is recorded as a reduction of revenue unless both of the following conditions are met:
F-11
If both of the conditions are met, we record consideration paid to customers as an expense. Consideration, including equity instruments, not meeting the above criteria, is recorded as a reduction of revenue; to the extent we have recorded cumulative revenue from the customer or reseller. Any consideration in excess of cumulative revenue recognized from the customer or reseller is recorded as an operating expense.
As a result, we reduced revenue by $114,200 for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 to reflect the amount by which the fair value of the shares of our Series B convertible preferred stock issued to eBay Inc. in May 2002 exceeded the amount invested by eBay in FairMarket. In addition, FairMarket has reclassified $468,000 and $929,000 previously recorded as revenue as a reduction to non-cash stock compensation for the year ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, in connection with its agreement with Microsoft Corporation and its former agreements with At Home Corporation (formerly known as Excite, Inc.).
Deferred Tax Assets
We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. While we consider future taxable income and tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, if management were to determine that the Company would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would effect the provision for income taxes in the period such determination was made.
Unutilized Office Space
In the first quarter of 2002, we recorded a one-time charge of $4.5 million for unutilized office space at our Woburn, Massachusetts headquarters. This charge includes rent and other related costs for a significant portion of our leased space which has been vacated for the remaining lease term and the write-down of related leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. While we estimated the likelihood of future sublease income in our original charge, in the fourth quarter of 2002, we recorded a reversal of $513,000 related to an additional sublease of approximately 11,000 square feet of the unutilized office space. During 2002, we recorded $746,000 against this reserve, which represented rent payments related to unutilized office space. In addition, we recorded $1.2 million for the write-down of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. As of December 31, 2002, $2.1 million of the total reserve remained accrued and unpaid relating to future rent payments and other related costs.
Advertising
All advertising costs are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, advertising expense totaled $0, $3.7 million and $14.7 million, respectively.
Development and Engineering
Development and engineering costs consist primarily of labor and related costs for the design, deployment, testing and enhancement of the Company's operating systems and are expensed as incurred except where eligible for capitalization.
F-12
The Company capitalizes costs for purchased software and for upgrades and significant enhancements which are at least probable to result in increased functionality of existing software. The Company capitalizes certain development and engineering costs associated with the design and implementation of its systems for internal use, including internally and externally developed software, in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use." Accordingly, costs capitalized were $0, $0 and $310,000 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. These costs are being amortized over 36 months, which is the expected useful life of the software. The amortization expense was $102,000, $102,000 and $64,000 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the expected future tax consequences, using current tax rates, of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the income tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is applied against any net deferred tax asset if, based on the weighted available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," encourages but does not require companies to record compensation costs for stock-based employee compensation at fair value. The Company has chosen to account for stock-based compensation granted to employees using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and related interpretations. Accordingly, compensation costs for stock options granted to employees is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the Company's stock at the date of the grant over the amount that must be paid by the employee to acquire the stock under the terms of the stock option. Subsequent changes to option terms can also give rise to compensation. Stock-based compensation issued to non-employees is measured and recorded using the fair value method prescribed in SFAS No. 123.
The Company follows the disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123 and has applied APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in accounting for its stock option plans. Had compensation cost for the Company's stock-based compensation plans been determined based on the fair value at the grant dates as calculated in accordance with SFAS No. 123, the Company's net loss for the years ended
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December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 would have increased to the pro forma amounts indicated below (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | |||||||||||
As reported | $ | (22,115 | ) | $ | (40,183 | ) | $ | (51,267 | ) | ||
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported results | 480 | 1,555 | 2,679 | ||||||||
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair-value-based method for all awards | (1,524 | ) | (4,787 | ) | (5,211 | ) | |||||
Pro forma | $ | (23,159 | ) | $ | (43,415 | ) | $ | (53,799 | ) | ||
Net loss per common share | |||||||||||
As reported | $ | (0.79 | ) | $ | (1.39 | ) | $ | (2.15 | ) | ||
Pro forma | $ | (0.82 | ) | $ | (1.50 | ) | $ | (2.26 | ) |
The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions:
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expected dividend yield | 0% | 0% | 0% | |||
Expected stock price volatility | 100% | 100% | 100% | |||
Risk-free interest rate | 4.1% | 4.5% | 6.1% | |||
Expected option term | 7 years | 4.25 years | 6 years |
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), which includes foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities classified as available for sale.
Foreign Currency
The functional currencies of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies. Assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the end of the year. Revenue and expense amounts are translated using the average exchange rates for the period. Net unrealized gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translation are included in other comprehensive loss which is a separate component of stockholders' equity. Net realized gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statement of operations.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities." This statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and nullifies EITF Issue No. 94-3, "Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a
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Restructuring)" ("EITF 94-3"). SFAS No. 146 requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. EITF 94-3 allowed for an exit cost liability to be recognized at the date of an entity's commitment to an exit plan. SFAS No. 146 also requires that liabilities recorded in connection with exit plans be initially measured at fair value. The provisions of SFAS No. 146 are effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002, with early adoption encouraged. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 146 to have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAB No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosure ("SFAS 148"). SFAS 148 provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation as originally provided by SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Additionally, SFAS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosure in both the annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The transitional requirements of SFAS 148 will be effective for all financial statements for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002. The disclosure requirements shall be effective for financial reports containing condensed financial statements for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2002. The Company has adopted the disclosure portion of this statement for the year ending December 31, 2002. The Company does not expect the adoption of FAS 148 will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation 45, ("FIN 45"), "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Othersan interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57, and 107 and rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34." FIN 45 elaborates on the existing disclosure requirements for most guarantees, including loan guarantees such as standby letters of credit. It also clarifies that at the time a company issues a guarantee, the company must recognize an initial liability for the fair value, or market value, of the obligations it assumes under the guarantee and must disclose that information in its interim and annual financial statements. The initial recognition and initial measurement provisions apply on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the initial recognition and measurement provisions of FIN 45 will have on its consolidated financial statements. The disclosure provisions of FIN 45 are effective for this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, the Company has included a discussion of its guarantees in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
In November 2002, the Emerging Issues Task Force EITF issued No. 00-21, "Accounting for Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables." EITF No. 00-21 addresses certain aspects of the accounting by a vendor for arrangements under which it will perform multiple revenue-generating activities. EITF No. 00-21 establishes three principles: revenue should be recognized separately for separate units of accounting, revenue for a separate unit of accounting should be recognized only when the arrangement consideration is reliably measurable and the earnings process is substantially complete, and consideration should be allocated among the separate units of accounting in an arrangement based on their fair values. EITF No. 00-21 is effective for all revenue arrangements entered into in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2003, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of EITF No. 00-21 to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition.
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In January 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation FIN No. 46 "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB 51." FIN No. 46 provides guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than through voting rights called "variable interest entities" or "VIEs" and how to determine when and which business enterprise should consolidate the VIE (the "primary beneficiary"). This new model for consolidation applies to an entity which either (1) the equity investors (if any) do not have a controlling financial interest or (2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity's activities without receiving additional subordinated financial support from other parties. In addition, FIN No. 46 requires that both the primary beneficiary and all other enterprises with a significant variable interest in a VIE make additional disclosures. Certain transitional disclosures are required in financial statements initially issued after January 31, 2003, if it is reasonably possible that once this guidance is effective the enterprise will either be required to consolidate a VIE or will hold a significant variable interest in a VIE. We currently do not have any interests that would change our current reporting entity or require additional disclosures outlined in FIN No. 46.
3. Net Loss per Common Share
Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the effect of any dilutive potential common shares. Dilutive potential common equivalent shares consist of the assumed exercise of stock options, the proceeds of which are then assumed to have been used to repurchase outstanding stock using the treasury stock method, and the assumed conversion of convertible preferred stock and warrants. Potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of net loss per common share for the periods presented since their inclusion would be antidilutive. At December 31,2002, there were options to purchase 3,572,000 shares of common stock outstanding and 952,380 shares of convertible preferred stock; at December 31, 2001, there were options to purchase 4,809,000 shares of common stock outstanding; and at December 31, 2000, there were options to purchase 5,250,000 shares of common stock outstanding and warrants to purchase 4,650,000 shares of common stock outstanding, all of which have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share.
4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities consist of the following (in thousands):
|
December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||
Cash and cash equivalents | |||||||
Cash and money market funds | $ | 8,783 | $ | 10,338 | |||
Corporate and government commercial paper | 23,960 | 9,991 | |||||
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 32,743 | $ | 20,329 | |||
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Marketable securities classified as available-for-sale consist of the following (in thousands):
|
December 31, 2002 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amortized Cost |
Unrealized Gains in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Unrealized Losses in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Estimated Fair Value |
||||||||||
Current: | ||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | $ | 1,991 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,991 | ||||||
Municipal bonds | 5,000 | | | 5,000 | ||||||||||
Total current marketable securities | 6,991 | | | 6,991 | ||||||||||
Non-current: | ||||||||||||||
Municipal bonds | 15,000 | | | 15,000 | ||||||||||
Total marketable securities | $ | 21,991 | $ | | $ | | $ | 21,991 | ||||||
|
December 31, 2001 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amortized Cost |
Unrealized Gains in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Unrealized Losses in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Estimated Fair Value |
||||||||||
Current: | ||||||||||||||
Commercial paper | $ | 6,970 | $ | | $ | | $ | 6,970 | ||||||
Municipal bonds | 13,001 | 6 | | 13,007 | ||||||||||
Total current marketable securities | 19,971 | 6 | | 19,977 | ||||||||||
Non-current: | ||||||||||||||
Municipal bonds | 22,999 | 72 | (5 | ) | 23,066 | |||||||||
Total marketable securities | $ | 42,970 | $ | 78 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 43,043 | |||||
Available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity are as follows (in thousands):
|
December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||
Due in 1 year or less | |||||||
Commercial paper | $ | 1,991 | $ | 6,970 | |||
Municipal bonds | 5,000 | 13,007 | |||||
6,991 | 19,977 | ||||||
Due in 1-2 years | |||||||
Municipal bonds | 15,000 | 23,066 | |||||
Total marketable securities | $ | 21,991 | $ | 43,043 | |||
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5. Restricted Cash
At December 31, 2000, in accordance with an operating lease agreement for its headquarters, the Company had placed a deposit of $1.8 million with its bank to collateralize an irrevocable stand-by letter of credit in the name of the landlord (see Note 8). During the third quarter of 2001, the amount of the letter of credit was reduced as a result of the Company meeting certain requirements of the operating lease agreement. At December 31, 2002, the deposit to collateralize the letter of credit was $471,000. The letter of credit is redeemable only if the Company defaults on the lease under specific criteria. These funds are restricted from the Company's use during the lease period, although the Company is entitled to all interest earned on the funds. In addition to the letter of credit we have $77,000 of restricted cash related to a disputed contract with a vendor.
6. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
|
December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||
Computer equipment | $ | 8,735 | $ | 8,775 | |||
Furniture and fixtures | 487 | 1,557 | |||||
Leasehold improvements | 540 | 1,466 | |||||
Equipment under capital lease | | 493 | |||||
Property and equipment | 9,762 | 12,291 | |||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (8,284 | ) | (6,573 | ) | |||
Property and equipment, net | $ | 1,478 | $ | 5,718 | |||
Depreciation expense was $2,940,000, $3,742,000 and $2,684,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The accumulated depreciation and amortization of equipment under capital leases was $163,000, $247,000 and $83,000 at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Assets under capital leases collateralize the related lease obligation.
7. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
||||
Payroll and benefits | $ | 347 | $ | 678 | ||
Professional fees | 279 | 265 | ||||
Accrued rent | 169 | 169 | ||||
Other | 694 | 377 | ||||
Total accrued expenses | $ | 1,489 | $ | 1,489 | ||
8. Commitments and Contingencies
In November 1999, the Company entered into a five-year lease agreement for approximately 68,000 square feet of office space in Woburn, Massachusetts, for the Company's current headquarters.
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The term of the lease began on January 1, 2000. The Company's base rental obligations were $793,000 in the first year of the lease and are $1,515,000 in each subsequent year for the remainder of the lease term. In connection with the lease, the Company paid the lessor a security deposit in the amount of $1,800,000, in the form of an irrevocable, freely transferable letter of credit. During the third quarter of 2001, the amount of the letter of credit was reduced as a result of the Company meeting certain requirements of the operating lease agreement. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the deposit to collateralize the letter of credit was $471,000 and $481,000, respectively, and is recorded as restricted cash (see Note 5). In December 2000, the Company entered into a two-year agreement to sublease approximately 11,000 square feet of its excess office space under this lease, which ended in October 2002. In November 2002, the Company entered into a two-year agreement to sublease approximately 11,000 square feet of its excess office space under this lease, which expires in December 2004.
In October 2000, the Company and its subsidiary, FairMarket UK Ltd, entered into a 10-year lease agreement for approximately 10,000 square feet of office space in Twickenham, U.K. Under the agreement, the Company may terminate the lease without further obligation after five years. The base rental obligation is approximately $270,000 annually for the first three years and approximately $273,000 in each of the next two years. After year five, the rental obligation will be subject to a rental review process.
Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases at December 31, 2002 are as follows (in thousands): |
Future minimum lease payments to be received under noncancelable operating subleases at December 31, 2002 are as follows (in thousands): |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | 2,099 | 2003 | 306 | |||||
2004 | 2,098 | 2004 | 291 | |||||
2005 | 236 | 2005 | 37 | |||||
Thereafter | | Thereafter | | |||||
Total | $ | 4,433 | Total | $ | 634 | |||
Rental expense, net of sublease income, under operating leases amounted to $1,722,000, $1,667,000 and $1,662,000 for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Indemnification Obligations
In November 2002, the FASB issued FIN No. 45 "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57, and 107 and rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34 ("FIN 45"). FIN 45 requires that a guarantor recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken by issuing the guarantee. FIN 45 also requires additional disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees it has issued. The accounting requirements for the initial recognition of guarantees are applicable on a prospective basis for guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. The disclosure requirements are effective for all guarantees outstanding, regardless of when they were issued or modified, during the first quarter of fiscal 2003. The adoption of FIN 45 did not have an effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of the agreements that the Company has determined are within the scope of FIN 45.
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As permitted under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the by-laws of FairMarket, Inc. provide that FairMarket shall, to the extent legally permitted, indemnify each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of FairMarket, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at the request of FairMarket, as a director, officer, trustee, partner, employee or agent of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. The indemnification provided for in the by-laws is expressly not exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any law, agreement or vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such persons. The term of the indemnification period is for the officer's or director's lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, we have a Director and Officer insurance policy that enables us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of our insurance policy coverage, we believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. We have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2002.
Our customer contracts contain indemnification provisions as a standard term of those contracts. Generally, these indemnification provisions require that we indemnify, defend and hold harmless the customer and certain related parties for third party claims, liabilities and costs arising from the breach of any warranty, representation or covenant in the agreement by us or any claim that our technology or service infringes or violates any third party's copyright, patent, trade secret, trademark, right of publicity or right of privacy or contains any defamatory content. Generally, our aggregate potential liability under these indemnification provisions is capped at the total amount paid to us by the customer under the contract, although some customer contracts contain higher limits and some contain no limit for specified types of claims. The term of these indemnification provisions is generally perpetual from the time of execution of the agreement. Some of our other types of agreements with third parties contain similar provisions. We believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal and we have no liabilities recorded for these provisions as of December 31, 2002.
9. Stockholders' Equity
At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the authorized capital stock of the Company consisted of (i) 90,000,000 shares of voting common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share and (ii) 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The Company's Board of Directors has the authority to determine the voting powers, designations, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred shares.
In May 2001, pursuant to the shareholder rights plan described below in Note 11, the Board of Directors of the Company designated 75,000 shares of its authorized preferred stock as Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share ("Junior Preferred Stock"). Dividends accrue on the Junior Preferred Stock at a quarterly rate equal to the greater of $1.00 or, subject to adjustment, 10,000 times the aggregate per share amount of all dividends paid during the quarter on the Company's common stock. The Junior Preferred Stock carries a liquidation preference of $10,000 per share (subject to adjustment), is redeemable, and entitles the holder to 10,000 votes per share (subject to adjustment) on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company's stockholders. The Company has not issued any shares of Junior Preferred Stock.
F-20
In March 2000, the Company completed an initial public offering in which it sold 5,750,000 shares of its common stock, including 750,000 shares in connection with the exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option, at $17.00 per share. The Company received $89.1 million in cash, net of underwriting discounts and other offering costs. Concurrently with the completion of the initial public offering, each share of the Company's then outstanding convertible preferred stock automatically converted into shares of common stock on a 1-for-1 basis. As of the time of the initial public offering, there were 16,312,885 shares of the Company's convertible preferred stock outstanding.
In connection with the initial public offering, Excite, Inc. (now known as At Home Corporation) paid the Company $5.0 million in accordance with a stock purchase agreement in which Excite purchased 2,500,000 shares of the Company's Series D convertible preferred stock ("Series D Preferred"), which converted into 2,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock upon the Company's initial public offering, for cash consideration of $17.5 million, which payment was withheld as a prepayment against the Company's obligation to purchase advertising from Excite under the Company's original auction services agreement with Excite. The cash consideration withheld was recorded as a subscription receivable in the stockholders' equity section. At December 31, 2000, the outstanding balance of the subscription receivable had been paid.
Included in stockholders' equity at December 31, 2002 and 2001 are deferred compensation and equity-related charges of $159,000 and $10.6 million, respectively. These amounts consist of unearned compensation of $159,000 and $1.2 million (see Note 10) and equity-related charges of zero and $9.4 million (discussed below) at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Auction Services Agreements with Lycos, Microsoft, Excite and TMCS
In May 1999, the Company entered into an Auction Services Agreement with Lycos, Inc. which has a three-year term (subject to renewal by mutual agreement). Under this agreement, the Company has agreed to provide auction services to several Lycos web sites in return for a share of the transaction fees charged on the Lycos sites.
In connection with this agreement, the Company issued two warrants to Lycos for the purchase of shares of the Company's common stock. The first warrant was exercisable for 725,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share which was exercised before the closing of the Company's initial public offering. The second warrant was originally exercisable for up to 595,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.71 per share. The number of shares for which the second warrant was exercisable depended on Lycos meeting certain performance criteria which were not met as of May 12, 2001; therefore, no shares are exercisable under this warrant. The Company estimated the value of the first warrant to be $1,235,400 using the Black-Scholes valuation model at the date of issuance. The value of the first warrant was amortized over the initial term of the auction services agreement through the second quarter of 2002. Related expense for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was $137,000, $412,000 and $412,000, respectively.
In July 1999, the Company entered into an Auction Services Agreement with Microsoft Corporation which has a five-year initial term with an automatic renewal term of five years (subject to non-renewal by either party). Under this agreement, the Company has agreed to provide auction services to MSN.com and certain other web sites owned or operated by Microsoft, in return for monthly hosting fees and a share of the transaction fees charged on the Microsoft sites. In June 2001, this agreement was amended to eliminate the minimum guarantee provision described below. Also as
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part of the amendment, Microsoft relinquished to the Company the warrants issued in connection with the agreement described below. In exchange, the Company waived its status as "pre-eminent auction services provider" to Microsoft's online properties. However, the Company continues to provide its online auction services to Microsoft sites.
The July 1999 agreement with Microsoft originally provided that if Microsoft drove more than a specified number of Internet users to the FairMarket Network through its Internet portal site for each year of the contract's initial term, the Company would guarantee Microsoft a minimum level of transaction fee revenue regardless of actual transaction fee revenue earned by Microsoft. Minimum transaction fees guaranteed to Microsoft were $5.0 million for the first contract year. The minimum annual traffic guarantee was not reached for the first contract year and therefore no payment was required. As part of the June 2001 amendment, this provision was eliminated from the auction services agreement. As a result, the Company was not required to make any minimum guaranteed revenue payments for any other periods.
In connection with the July 1999 agreement, Microsoft purchased 1,250,000 shares of Series D Preferred, which converted into 1,250,000 shares of the Company's common stock upon the Company's initial public offering, for cash consideration of $8,750,000.
Also in connection with this agreement, the Company issued warrants to Microsoft for the purchase of 4,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $1.71 per share in July 1999. As part of the June 2001 amendment, Microsoft relinquished the warrants. At the time of issuance, the Company estimated the fair value of the warrants to be $28,476,000 using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The value of the warrants was being amortized over five years, the initial term of the auction services agreement. Related expense for the year ended December 31, 2001, through the date of the June 2001 amendment, was $2,848,000, and for the years ended December 31, 2000 was $5,695,000. As of June 2001, the unamortized value of the warrants on the Company's balance sheet was approximately $18.0 million, which was reversed through equity as a result of the relinquishment of the warrants. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company recognized revenue of $727,000 and $335,000, respectively, from Microsoft for monthly service fees and a share of the transaction fees charged on the Microsoft sites. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company had receivables totaling $241,000, and $60,000, respectively, from Microsoft.
In August 1999, the Company entered into an Auction Services Agreement with Excite, Inc. (now known as At Home Corporation) which had a five-year initial term. Under this original agreement, the Company agreed to provide auction services to Excite.com and certain other web sites owned or operated by Excite in return for a share of the transaction fees charged by the Excite sites.
In addition, under the original agreement the Company committed to purchase from Excite online banner and other advertising services for $2.5 million per quarter during each of the first eight calendar quarters under the contract, for a total of $20.0 million. The Company recorded advertising expense of $2.5 million during the fourth quarter of 1999 and $10.0 million during 2000 related to this agreement.
In connection with the original agreement, Excite purchased 2,500,000 shares of Series D Preferred, which converted into 2,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock upon the Company's initial public offering, for cash consideration of $17,500,000. Under the stock purchase agreement, Excite withheld the $17,500,000 as a prepayment against the Company's obligation to purchase advertising described above. This amount was recorded as a subscription receivable in the stockholders'
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equity section. Upon completion of the Company's initial public offering, Excite paid the Company $5,000,000 of such amount, and retained the remainder against the Company's ongoing advertising obligations. At December 31, 2000, the outstanding balance of the subscription receivable had been paid.
In connection with the original agreement, the Company also issued to Excite 1,500,000 shares of Series D Preferred, which converted into 1,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock upon the Company's initial public offering, for no cash consideration. The Company had the right to repurchase the shares of Series D Preferred for up to one year if Excite terminated the auction services agreement. The Company initially recorded the shares at fair value, for a total of $10,500,000, as a deferred charge to be amortized over the initial term of the agreement. The value of the shares was remeasured and adjusted at each balance sheet date over the period during which the shares were subject to the repurchase right. At December 31, 1999 and as of the date of the Company's initial public offering, the Company remeasured the fair value and recorded an additional $4,500,000 and $10,500,000, respectively, as a deferred charge to be amortized over the remaining term of the contract. As a result of the termination of this agreement, as described below, the remaining term of the contract has been modified to that of the new agreement described below. The related expense for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was $6,651,000, $13,302,000 and $4,847,000, respectively.
In December 2000, the Company and At Home Corporation (formerly Excite) terminated the original auction services agreement and entered into a new agreement with an initial term of 18 months. Under the new agreement, the Company agreed to provide an Excite Outlet Center utilizing the Company's Outlet Center service on which listings of the Company's merchant customers were made available for display to, and for bidding and purchase by, users of the Excite network.
Under the terms of the termination agreement, the Company purchased an incremental $500,000 in online advertising from At Home in the fourth quarter of 2000, which is reflected as an expense in that quarter. Under the termination agreement, the Company also licensed a permission-based email marketing database for $3.5 million from an affiliate of At Home, which was paid during the fourth quarter of 2000 and was amortized over its useful life in 2001. As a result of the termination of the original agreement, the Company was released from its obligation to purchase the remaining $7.5 million of online banner and other advertising services and the Company released any exclusive rights to provide auction services to consumers on the Excite network.
During the third quarter of 2001, At Home filed for protection pursuant to Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. In October 2001, At Home instructed the Company to shut down the Excite Outlet Center and notified the Company that it intends to seek rejection of the new auction services agreement in the Bankruptcy Court. At December 31, 2002, the stock issued to Excite was fully amortized.
In September 1999, the Company entered into an Auction Services Agreement with TicketMaster Online-CitySearch, Inc. (now known as TicketMaster) ("TMCS") which had a three-year initial term (subject to annual renewal unless terminated by either party). Under the agreement, the Company has agreed to provide auction services to certain web sites owned and controlled by TMCS in return for a share of the transaction fees charged by TMCS.
In connection with this agreement, TMCS purchased 750,000 shares of Series D Preferred, which converted into 750,000 shares of the Company's common stock upon the Company's initial public
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offering, for cash consideration of $5,250,000. The Company also issued to TMCS 1,500,000 shares of Series D Preferred, which converted into 1,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock upon the Company's initial public offering, in exchange for one year of advertising and a license to certain technology. The Company recorded the shares at fair value, for a total of $10,500,000, as a deferred charge to be amortized over three years, the initial term of the agreement. The related expense for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was $2,625,000, $3,500,000 and $3,500,000, respectively.
Series B Preferred Stock
On May 17, 2002, the Company completed a private placement of 952,380 shares of its Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, to eBay Inc. for an aggregate purchase price of $2.0 million. The Series B preferred stock is entitled to cash dividends payable quarterly at the rate of 6.5% per annum in preference to any dividend on any other series of preferred stock or common stock. The dividends are cumulative and are entitled to participate on a pro rata basis in any dividend paid on the common stock on an as if converted basis. As of December 31, 2002, the Company had accrued $32,500 for dividends payable. The Series B preferred stock is convertible into shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to certain adjustment mechanisms including a weighted average anti-dilution mechanism. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company (a "Liquidation"), the holders of the Series B preferred stock are entitled to receive, in preference to the holders of certain junior securities, as defined, a per share amount equal to $2.10 plus all accrued and unpaid dividends (the "Liquidation Preference"). In the event of a Liquidation, after payment of the Liquidation Preference and any other liquidation preference on any other series of stock, the Series B preferred stock is entitled to participate on a pro rata basis with the common stock in the distribution of the remaining assets of the Company on as if converted basis. The holders of the Series B preferred stock have the right to require the Company to redeem the Series B preferred stock at any time after the earlier of (a) May 17, 2003, and (b) the happening of a material adverse effect on the Company's business, as defined. The Company has the right, at any time after May 17, 2004, to redeem the outstanding Series B preferred stock at $2.10 per share plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. The net proceeds from this offering, after issuance costs, totaled $1.8 million. At the issuance date, the Company estimated the fair value of the Series B preferred stock to be in excess of the amount paid by eBay by $114,200. As a result, the Company recorded an $114,200 adjustment to increase the carrying value of this investment and decrease revenue from eBay, Inc. in accordance with EITF 01-09 (see Note 2.) The Company is accreting the carrying value of the Series B preferred stock up to $2.0 million through May 2003 in accordance with the redemption feature described above. The Company recorded $57,000 in accretion in the year ending December 31, 2002. At December 31, 2002, the carrying value of the Series B preferred stock was approximately $1.9 million.
Treasury Stock
On August 8, 2002, the Company repurchased the 3,181,000 shares of its common stock, par value $.001 per share, held by Scott Randall, the original founder of FairMarket, at a price of $1.27 per share. These shares represented 10.8% of the Company's outstanding common stock at that time.
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10. Stock Option Plans
1997 Stock Option Plan
In March 1997, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved the Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan (the "1997 Plan") which provided for the issuance of up to 750,000 shares of common stock under incentive stock options ("ISOs") and nonstatutory stock options ("NSOs"). The 1997 Plan provided for the grant of ISOs to employees of the Company and NSOs to nonemployee directors of the Company and consultants. Options granted under the 1997 Plan have a maximum term of 10 years from the date of grant, vest over four years and, in the case of ISOs, have an exercise price not less than fair value of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. In connection with the adoption of the Company's 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "2000 Plan") in February 2000, the Board determined that no further stock option grants would be made under the 1997 Plan.
1999 Stock Option Plan
In February 1999, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 1999 Stock Option Plan (the "1999 Plan"), which provided for the issuance of up to 3,421,237 shares of common stock under ISOs or NSOs or through the direct issuance or sale of common stock to officers, employees, directors and consultants of the Company. Options granted under the 1999 Plan have a maximum term of 10 years from the date of grant, vest over four years and, in the case of ISOs, have an exercise price not less than fair value of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. In connection with the adoption of the 2000 Plan, the Board determined that no further stock option grants would be made under the 1999 Plan.
2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
In February 2000, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "2000 Plan"), which provides for the issuance of up to 4,017,250 shares of common stock plus the number of shares as to which options granted under the 1997 and 1999 Plans are forfeited or otherwise terminate unexercised. This plan provides for awards in the form of ISOs, NSOs, restricted stock awards and other forms of awards to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. At December 31, 2002, there were 3,827,000 shares available for issuance under this plan.
The Board of Directors determines the term of each option, the option price, the number of shares for which each option is granted and the times at which each option vests. For holders of 10% or more of the Company's outstanding common stock, ISOs may not be granted at less than 110% of the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant.
2000 Employee Stock Option and Incentive Plan
In October 2000, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 2000 Employee Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "2000 Employee Plan"), which originally provided for the issuance of up to 1,500,000 shares of common stock, under NSOs to employees and key persons of the Company other than any member of the Company's Board of Directors or any other individual who is subject to the reporting and other provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In January 2001, in connection with the one-time employee option exchange incentive program described below, the Board of Directors amended this plan to increase the number of shares of common stock available for
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issuance under the plan to 2,654,750. At December 31, 2002, there were 1,543,152 shares available for issuance under this plan.
The Board of Directors determines the term of each option, the option price, the number of shares for which each option is granted and the times at which each option vests.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2002:
|
|
|
|
Options Outstanding |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Options Outstanding |
|
|||||||||||
|
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |
|
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |
||||||||||
Range of Exercise Price per Share |
Number Outstanding |
Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) |
Number Exercisable |
||||||||||
$ | 0.10$0.98 | 679,690 | 5.17 | 0.61 | 302,940 | 0.29 | |||||||
1.001.62 | 1,994,813 | 8.46 | 1.33 | 562,509 | 1.25 | ||||||||
2.062.38 | 663,534 | 2.91 | 2.16 | 508,976 | 2.19 | ||||||||
2.618.50 | 229,063 | 5.88 | 6.83 | 204,063 | 6.62 | ||||||||
8.509.66 | 5,000 | 7.45 | 9.66 | 3,125 | 9.66 | ||||||||
$ | 0.10$9.66 | 3,572,100 | 6.64 | $ | 1.71 | 1,581,613 | $ | 2.08 | |||||
Stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 is as follows:
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |
Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |
Number of Shares |
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |
||||||||||
Outstanding at beginning of period | 4,809,243 | $ | 2.27 | 5,252,371 | $ | 4.20 | 3,711,249 | $ | 1.51 | |||||||
Granted | 1,421,500 | 1.35 | 4,002,693 | 1.77 | 4,085,875 | 6.63 | ||||||||||
Exercised | (533,593 | ) | 0.47 | (328,867 | ) | 0.27 | (524,630 | ) | 0.34 | |||||||
Canceled | (2,126,613 | ) | 3.05 | (4,116,954 | ) | 4.41 | (2,020,123 | ) | 5.17 | |||||||
Outstanding at end of period | 3,570,537 | $ | 1.71 | 4,809,243 | $ | 2.27 | 5,252,371 | $ | 4.20 | |||||||
Options exercisable at end of period | 1,580,050 | $ | 2.08 | 2,471,322 | $ | 2.75 | 612,715 | $ | 1.84 | |||||||
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period at fair value | $ | 1.11 | $ | 1.22 | $ | 3.30 | ||||||||||
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period at below fair value | | | $ | 8.25 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average fair value of options granted during the period at above fair value | | | $ | 6.17 |
During the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, the Company recorded unearned compensation of $3,179,000 and $10,137,000, respectively, for stock options granted to employees which were subsequently determined to be below fair value. The Company is recognizing the compensation
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expense over the vesting period. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, related expense recognized was $480,000, $1,555,000 and $2,823,000, respectively. Unearned compensation expense which has not been recognized relating to stock options granted and subsequently canceled during the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 was $528,000 and $1,761,000, respectively.
In February and March 2000, the Company granted 25,000 shares of restricted stock to each of two separate employees for their services to the Company. The aggregate value of the shares, measured on the date of grant, was $500,000, which the Company recorded as deferred compensation and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of six months.
On January 16, 2001, the Company implemented a one-time employee incentive program under which employees had the opportunity to exchange, on a one-for-one basis, their outstanding employee stock options with exercise prices of $3.00 or more for new options with an exercise price of $2.1875, the closing price of the Company's common stock on the January 16, 2001 exchange date. Options held by executive officers and directors were not included in the exchange. Under this program, options covering approximately 1,155,000 shares of the Company's common stock were exchanged for options covering an equal number of shares. Options granted under this program have special terms, with the options vesting quarterly over two years, beginning on the three-month anniversary of the grant date, if the option exchanged was unvested, or vesting on the six-month anniversary of the grant date, if the option exchanged was vested, and having a term of two and one-half years. For accounting purposes, the exchange constituted a repricing of the existing options and will require variable accounting for the new options granted in the exchange. As a result, the Company (i) will recognize a non-cash compensation charge each quarter with respect to vested options if and to the extent that the per share fair market value of the Company's common stock at the end of the quarter exceeds $2.1875, the per share exercise price of the new options, and (ii) will adjust deferred compensation each quarter for unvested options. There is a potential for such a variable non-cash charge in each quarter until all of the new options are exercised or until the date the options expire (July 16, 2003) or otherwise terminate. The closing price of the Company's common stock from January 16, 2001 to December 31, 2002 was below $2.1875, therefore no related charge was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2002.
Employee Stock Purchase
Plan In March 2000, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). Up to 500,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the ESPP. The ESPP allows eligible participating employees to purchase shares of common stock at a 15% discount from the market value of the common stock as determined on a specific date at six month intervals. There were 39,461 shares and 43,169 shares issued under the ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. At December 31, 2002, 333,117 shares remained available for issuance under this plan.
11. Shareholder Rights Plan
On May 17, 2001, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a shareholder rights plan (the "Rights Plan") pursuant to which the Board declared a dividend of one Preferred Stock Purchase Right (a "Right") for each share of the Company's common stock outstanding on May 18, 2001. In addition, one Right will automatically attach to each share of common stock issued between that date and the
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"Distribution Date" described below. Each Right entitles the holder to purchase from the Company a unit consisting of one ten-thousandth of a share (a "Unit") of the Company's Junior Preferred Stock at a cash exercise price of $10.00 per Unit, subject to adjustment, under the conditions specified in the Rights Agreement and summarized below. The Company has reserved 75,000 shares of Junior Preferred Stock for issuance upon exercise of the Rights.
The Rights become exercisable upon the earlier to occur of the following dates (the "Distribution Date"): (i) the 10th calendar day following the first public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (an "Acquiring Person") has acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock (the "Stock Acquisition Date"); or (ii) the 10th business day (or such later day as the Board of Directors may determine) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer that could result upon its consummation in a person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 15% or more of the Company's outstanding common stock. However, with respect to any person who beneficially owned 15% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock as of May 18, 2001, the Distribution Date will not occur unless that person acquires beneficial ownership of shares of common stock representing an additional 1/2% of the Company's outstanding common stock.
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11. Shareholder Rights Plan (Continued)
If a Stock Acquisition Date occurs, each holder of a Right (other than an Acquiring Person, whose Rights will become null and void) will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise of the Right, a number of Units of Junior Preferred Stock having a market value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right. If, after the Stock Acquisition Date, either (i) the Company merges with any other person and the Company is not the surviving corporation, (ii) any person merges with the Company, the Company is the surviving corporation of the transaction and, in connection with the transaction, any shares of the Company's common stock are changed into or exchanged for securities of any other person or cash or any other property, or (iii) 50% or more of the Company's assets or earning power is transferred, then each holder of a Right (other than an Acquiring Person, whose Rights will become null and void) will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise of the Right, common stock of the acquiring company having a market value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right.
After a person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Board of Directors may exchange all or any part of the outstanding and exercisable Rights for shares of common stock or Units at an exchange ratio specified in the Rights Agreement. However, the Board of Directors generally will not be able to effect an exchange after any person becomes the beneficial owner of 50% or more of the Company's common stock.
The Board of Directors may redeem the Rights, in whole but not in part, at a price of $0.01 per Right, until their expiration on May 18, 2011 or, if earlier, the time at which any person becomes an Acquiring Person.
12. Revenues and Long-lived Assets by Geographic Region
The table below presents revenues by principal geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 (in thousands):
|
December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||
United States | $ | 4,194 | $ | 6,768 | $ | 9,809 | |||
United Kingdom | 1,446 | 1,294 | 929 | ||||||
Other | 107 | 509 | 199 | ||||||
Consolidated | $ | 5,747 | $ | 8,571 | $ | 10,937 | |||
The table below presents long-lived assets by principal geographic region (in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
||||
United States | $ | 1,253 | $ | 5,021 | ||
United Kingdom | 225 | 697 | ||||
Consolidated | $ | 1,478 | $ | 5,718 | ||
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13. Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
2001 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Federal |
State |
Foreign |
Total |
Federal |
State |
Foreign |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||
Current | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred | $ | 7,363 | $ | 1,352 | $ | 113 | $ | 8,828 | $ | 4,486 | $ | 996 | $ | 554 | $ | 6,036 | |||||||||
Valuation allowance | (7,363 | ) | (1,352 | ) | (113 | ) | (8,828 | ) | (4,486 | ) | (996 | ) | (554 | ) | (6,036 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||||
The Company's effective tax rate varies from the statutory rate as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||
U.S. federal income tax rate | (34.0 | )% | (34.0 | )% | |
State taxes | (6.0 | ) | (1.9 | ) | |
Warrant exercise | | 9.3 | |||
Other | .1 | 12.7 | |||
(39.9 | ) | (13.9 | ) | ||
Valuation allowance | 39.9 | 13.9 | |||
| % | | % | ||
The Company's federal statutory income tax rate for 2002 and 2001 was 34%. For 2002 and 2001, the Company recorded no income tax benefit and recorded a full valuation allowance against net operating losses due to uncertainties related to realizability of these tax assets.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between financial statement and tax bases using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The components of the deferred taxes at December 31, 2002 and 2001 were as follows (in thousands):
|
December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 47,319 | $ | 38,178 | |||
Capitalized start-up costs | 160 | 319 | |||||
Capitalized research and development | 4,851 | 4,854 | |||||
Depreciation | 152 | 215 | |||||
Deferred revenue | 134 | 30 | |||||
Other | 148 | 340 | |||||
52,764 | 43,936 | ||||||
Valuation allowance | (52,764 | ) | (43,936 | ) | |||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | | $ | | |||
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For federal income tax purposes, as of December 31, 2002, the Company has net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $142.5 million, which may be used to offset future income. These operating loss carryforwards expire beginning in 2019. A valuation allowance has been established for the full amount of the deferred tax asset since it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Approximately $29.3 million of the net operating loss carryforwards available for federal income tax purposes relate to disqualifying dispositions of incentive stock options and warrant exercises, the benefit of which, if realized, will be credited to additional paid-in capital.
Ownership changes resulting from the Company's issuance of capital stock may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income. The amount of the annual limitation is determined based upon the Company's value immediately prior to the ownership change. Subsequent significant changes in ownership could further affect the limitation in future years.
14. Employee Benefit Plan
In January 1999, the Company established a savings plan for its employees which is designed to be qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Eligible employees are permitted to contribute to the 401(k) plan through payroll deductions within statutory and plan limits.
15. Quarterly Financial Results (unaudited)
The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001. Net loss for the fourth quarter of 2002 included the reversal of approximately $513,000 of unutilized office space charges recorded during the first quarter of 2002. In the opinion of management, this information has been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and all necessary adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, have been included in the amounts stated below to present fairly the quarterly information when read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related
F-31
notes included above. The quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of future results of operations.
|
For the Quarter Ended |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2002 |
June 30, 2002 |
September 30, 2002 |
December 31, 2002 |
|||||||||
|
(In thousands, except per share data) |
||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 1,311 | $ | 1,346 | $ | 1,434 | $ | 1,656 | |||||
Gross profit | 287 | 328 | 626 | 952 | |||||||||
Net loss | (11,840 | ) | (7,205 | ) | (2,495 | ) | (534 | ) | |||||
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | (0.41 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.02 | ) |
|
For the Quarter Ended |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
March 31, 2001 |
June 30, 2001 |
September 30, 2001 |
December 31, 2001 |
|||||||||
Revenue | $ | 2,452 | $ | 2,773 | $ | 2,009 | $ | 1,337 | |||||
Gross profit | 1,096 | 1,514 | 740 | 302 | |||||||||
Net loss | (11,799 | ) | (12,711 | ) | (8,754 | ) | (6,919 | ) | |||||
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | (0.41 | ) | (0.44 | ) | (0.30 | ) | (0.24 | ) |
16. Restructuring Charges
In June 2002, as part of the Company's plan to continue to implement cost-cutting measures, the Company eliminated 18 positions worldwide, representing approximately 31% of its total employee base. In addition, the Company relocated its U.K. data center to the U.S. The Company recognized a charge of $530,000 in the second quarter of 2002 for the costs related to these initiatives, of which $200,000 related to non-cash costs for the write-down of computers and equipment. At December 31, 2002, all of the expenses relating to the restructuring had been paid.
We recognized a charge of approximately $2.0 million in 2001 for the costs related to workforce reductions (which eliminated 78 positions), severance payments to certain other employees and other restructuring initiatives, including closing our offices in Australia and Germany. We completed the closing of our office in Germany during the third quarter of 2001 and the closing of our office in Australia during the first quarter of 2002. We continue to service our Australian customers out of our U.S. operations. Approximately $141,000 of the charge relates to non-cash costs associated with the restructuring initiatives. At December 31, 2002, all of the expenses relating to the restructuring initiatives had been paid.
17. Unutilized Office Space Charge
In the first quarter of 2002, we recorded a one-time charge of $4.5 million for unutilized office space at our Woburn, Massachusetts headquarters. This charge included rent and other related costs for a significant portion of our leased space which has been vacated for the remaining lease term and the write-down of related leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. In the fourth quarter of 2002, we recorded a reversal of $513,000 related to a sublease of approximately 11,000 square feet of the unutilized office space. During 2002, we charged $746,000 against this reserve, which represented rent payments related to unutilized office space. In addition, we recorded $1.2 million for the
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write-down of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures. As of December 31, 2002, $2.1 million of the total charge remained accrued and unpaid relating to future rent payments related to unutilized office space. Of this amount, $1.1 million is expected to be charged against this reserve over the next 12 months and has been classified as a short-term liability on the consolidated balance sheet.
Initial charge recorded in March 2002 | $ | 4,500 | ||
Non-cash write-down of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures | $ | (1,161 | ) | |
Cash payments made in 2002 | $ | (746 | ) | |
Reversal of accrual in December 2002 | $ | (513 | ) | |
Unutilized space accrual at December 31, 2002 | $ | 2,080 |
18. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
FairMarket has been named as a defendant in certain purported class action lawsuits filed by individual shareholders in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against FairMarket, Scott Randall (former President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of FairMarket), John Belchers (former Chief Financial Officer of FairMarket), U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and FleetBoston Robertson Stephens, Inc. The lawsuits have been filed by individual shareholders who purport to seek class action status on behalf of all other similarly situated persons who purchased the common stock of FairMarket between March 14, 2000 and December 6, 2000. The lawsuits allege that certain underwriters of FairMarket's initial public offering solicited and received excessive and undisclosed fees and commissions in connection with that offering. The lawsuits further allege that the defendants violated the federal securities laws by issuing a registration statement and prospectus in connection with FairMarket's initial public offering, which failed to accurately disclose the amount and nature of the commissions and fees paid to the underwriter defendants. On or about October 8, 2002, the Court entered an Order dismissing the claims asserted against certain individual defendants in the consolidated actions, including the claims against Mr. Randall and Mr. Belchers, without any payment from these individuals or the Company. On or about February 19, 2003, the Court entered an Order dismissing with prejudice the claims asserted against the Company under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As a result, the only claims that remain against the Company are those arising under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1934. The Company intends to vigorously defend the remaining claims asserted against it in the actions.
F-33
FAIRMARKET, INC.
SCHEDULE IIVALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Description |
Balance at Beginning of Period |
Charged to Operations |
Deductions |
Balance at End of Period |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year ended December 31, 2000: | ||||||||||||
Allowance deducted from asset accounts: | ||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 192 | 1,097 | (749 | ) | $ | 540 | |||||
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | $ | 6,807 | 31,051 | | $ | 37,858 | ||||||
Year ended December 31, 2001: | ||||||||||||
Allowance deducted from asset accounts: | ||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 540 | 479 | (456 | ) | $ | 563 | |||||
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | $ | 37,858 | 6,078 | | $ | 43,936 | ||||||
Year ended December 31, 2002: | ||||||||||||
Allowance deducted from asset accounts: | ||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 563 | (177 | ) | (119 | ) | $ | 267 | ||||
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | $ | 43,936 | 8,810 | | $ | 52,764 |
II-2
Exhibit No. |
Title |
|
---|---|---|
3.1 | Form of Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company(1) | |
3.2 | Composite Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company as amended by Amendment to Bylaws adopted May 16, 2001* | |
3.3 | Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of a Series of Preferred Stock of the Company classifying and designating the Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock(2) | |
3.4 | Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of a Series of Preferred Stock of FairMarket, Inc. classifying and designating the Series B Preferred Stock.(6) | |
4.1 | Form of Specimen Certificate for the Company's Common Stock(4) | |
4.2 | Shareholder Rights Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2001, between the Company and EquiServe Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent, including form of Right Certificate(2) | |
4.3 | Investors' Rights Agreement, dated February 25, 1999, between the Company and the stockholders named therein(1) | |
4.4 | Amendment to Investors' Rights Agreement, dated August 23, 1999, between the Company and the stockholders named therein(1) | |
4.5 | Amendment to Investors' Rights Agreement, dated September 15, 1999, between the Company and TicketMaster Online-CitySearch, Inc.(1) | |
4.6 | Registration Rights Agreement dated May 17, 2002 between FairMarket, Inc. and eBay, Inc.(6) | |
4.7 | Voting and Standstill Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2002 between FairMarket, Inc. and eBay, Inc.(6) | |
10.1 | Form of Indemnity Agreement entered into by the Company with each of its directors(1) | |
10.2 | Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan(1) | |
10.3 | October 2001 Amendment to Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan(4) | |
10.4 | 1999 Stock Option Plan(1) | |
10.5 | 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan(1) | |
10.6 | Composite Transaction Bonus Plan adopted August 28, 2001 as amended on March 12, 2002(4) | |
10.7 | Employee Stock Purchase Plan(1) | |
10.8 | Letter agreement dated June 26, 2001 between the Company and Nanda Krish(3) | |
10.9 | Amended and Restated Agreement Concerning Termination of Employment, Severance Pay and Related Matters dated as of October 11, 2001 between the Company and Mathew Ackley(4) | |
10.10 | Second Amended and Restated Agreement Concerning Termination of Employment, Severance Pay and Related Matters dated as of October 11, 2001 between the Company and Janet Smith(4) | |
10.11 | Lease Agreement dated November 9, 1999, between DIV Unicorn, LLC and the Company(1) | |
10.12 | Siteharbor Services Agreement between the Company and NaviSite, Inc. dated as of November 1, 2001 together with Amendment to Siteharbor Services Agreement dated as of November 1, 2001(4) | |
10.13 | Indemnification Agreement among the Company and Sierra Ventures VII, LP, and Sierra Ventures Associates VII, LLC, dated February 25, 1999(1) |
10.14 | Warrant to Purchase Common Stock between the Company and Lycos, Inc. dated as of May 12, 1999(1) | |
10.15 | Auction Services Agreement, dated September 15, 1999, by and between the Company and Ticketmaster Online-CitySearch(1) | |
10.16 | Agreement Concerning termination of Employment, Severance Pay and related Matters dated as of January 17, 2002 between the Company and Nanda Krish(5) | |
10.17 | Second Amendment to Agreement dated as of March 15, 2002 between the Company and NaviSite, Inc.(5) | |
10.18 | Promotions Agreement dated as of April 10, 2002 between the Company and eBay Inc.(7) | |
10.19 | Thrid Amendment to Agreement dated as of December 1, 2002 between the Company and Navisite, Inc.* | |
10.20 | Agreement Concerning Employment and Termination dated as of January 20, 2003 between the Company and David George. * | |
21 | List of Subsidiaries* | |
23.1 | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP* | |
99.1 | Section 906 Chief Executive Officer Certification* | |
99.2 | Section 906 Chief Financial Officer Certification* |