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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2003
-- OR--
[] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number 1-12833
TXU Corp.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Texas 75-2669310
(State of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1601 Bryan Street Dallas, TX 75201-3411 (214) 812-4600
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code) (Registrant's Telephone
Number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Name of Each Exchange on
Registrant Title of Each Class Which Registered
- ---------- ------------------- -------------------------
TXU Corp. Common Stock, New York Stock Exchange
without par value, and The Chicago Stock Exchange
Preference Stock Purchase The Pacific Exchange
Rights
Corporate Units New York Stock Exchange
Income Prides New York Stock Exchange
TXU Capital I, a 7.25% Cumulative Trust New York Stock Exchange
subsidiary of Preferred Capital
TXU Corp. Securities
TXU Capital II, a 8.70% Trust Originated New York Stock Exchange
subsidiary of Preferred Securities
TXU Corp.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
----- ----
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act). Yes X No
--- ----
Aggregate market value of TXU Corp. Common Stock held by non-affiliates, based
on the last reported sale price on the NYSE composite tape on June 30, 2003, the
last trading date of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal
quarter: $7,201,312,654
Common Stock outstanding at March 8,2004: 323,995,756 shares, without par value
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A,
to be filed with the Commission on or about April 5, 2004, are
incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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Glossary ............................................................... iii
PART I
Items 1. and 2. BUSINESS and PROPERTIES................................ 1
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES..................................... 1
TEXAS ELECTRIC INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING ......................... 2
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES.......................................... 4
OPERATING SEGMENTS............................................. 4
Energy ..................................................... 4
Energy Delivery............................................. 9
Australia................................................... 13
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS.......................................... 16
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.............................................. 19
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS............ 21
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF TXU CORP.......................................... 21
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS............................................ 22
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA........................................ 22
Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.......................................... 23
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK..... 23
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.................... 23
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING
AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE...................................... 23
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES........................................ 23
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE
REGISTRANT.................................................. 23
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION....................................... 23
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT 24
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS............... 24
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES....................... 25
i
Page
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PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K 25
APPENDIX A - Financial Information of TXU Corp. and Subsidiaries
APPENDIX B - Exhibits to 2003 Form 10-K
APPENDIX C - Audited Financial Statements of Pinnacle One Partners, L.P.
and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002 and 2001
Note for Annual Report to Shareholders - This 2003 Form 10-K, except for
Appendix B and Appendix C, is being included in its entirety in TXU Corp.'s 2003
annual report to shareholders in accordance with Regulation 14A of the proxy
rules. Copies of Appendix B and Appendix C will be provided upon written
request.
Appendix C contains the audited financial statements for the years ended
December 31, 2002 and 2001 of Pinnacle, a telecommunications joint venture in
which, prior to May 2003, TXU Corp. had a 50% voting interest. In May 2003, TXU
Corp. acquired the interests it did not previously own from the joint venture
partner under a put/call agreement, which had been executed in late February
2003, and finalized a formal plan to dispose of the telecommunications business
by sale. (See Notes 3 and 17 to Financial Statements.) For the year ended
December 31, 2002, Pinnacle was an unconsolidated entity, the financial
statements of which are required to be filed pursuant to the provisions of Rule
3-09 of Regulation S-X because of the significance of financial results related
to Pinnacle as compared to TXU Corp.'s consolidated financial results for the
2002 period.
Periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that
contain financial information of TXU Corp. are made available to the public,
free of charge, on the TXU Corp. website at http://www.txucorp.com, shortly
after they have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. TXU
Corp. will provide copies of current reports not posted on the website upon
request. In addition, in accordance with new corporate governance rules of the
New York Stock Exchange, TXU Corp. has provided, on the TXU Corp. website, (a)
its corporate governance guidelines, (b) its code of conduct for employees,
officers and directors, and (c) charters of the Committees of the board of
directors including the Audit, Nominating and Governance and Organization and
Compensation Committees. Printed copies of corporate governance documents which
are posted on the TXU Corp. website are also available to any shareholder upon
request to the Secretary of TXU Corp., 1601 Bryan Street, Dallas, Texas
75201-3411.
ii
GLOSSARY
When the following terms and abbreviations appear in the text of this report,
they have the meanings indicated below.
1999 Restructuring Legislation........Legislation that restructured the electric
utility industry in Texas to provide for
competition
2002 Form 8-K.........................the Form 8-K of TXU Corp. filed
September 23, 2003, reflecting the impact
of adopting SFAS 145 on the financial
information reported in the 2002 Form 10-K
2002 Form 10-K........................TXU Corp.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2002
2003 Form 10-K........................TXU Corp.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003
APB Opinion 30........................Accounting Principles Board Opinion No.30,
"Reporting the Results of Operations -
Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a
Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary,
Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events
and Transactions."
Bcf...................................billion cubic feet
Commission............................Public Utility Commission of Texas
EITF..................................Emerging Issues Task Force
EITF 98-10 ...........................EITF Issue No. 98-10, "Accounting for
Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and
Risk Management Activities"
EITF 01-8.............................EITF Issue No. 01-8, "Determining Whether
an Arrangement Contains a Lease"
EITF 02-3 ............................EITF Issue No. 02-3, "Issues Involved in
Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held
for Trading Purposes and Contracts
Involved in Energy Trading and Risk
Management Activities"
EITF 03-11............................EITF Issue No. 03-11, "Reporting Realized
Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments
That Are Subject to FASB Statement No.133
and Not `Held for Trading Purposes As
Defined' in EITF No. 02-3"
EPA...................................Environmental Protection Agency
ERCOT.................................Electric Reliability Council of Texas, the
Independent System Operator and the
regional reliability coordinator of the
various electricity systems within Texas
ERISA.................................Employee Retirement Income Security Act
FASB..................................Financial Accounting Standards Board, the
designated organization in the private
sector for establishing standards for
financial accounting and reporting.
FERC..................................Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FIN...................................Financial Accounting Standards Board
Interpretation
FIN 45................................FIN No. 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and
Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees,
Including Indirect Guarantees of
Indebtedness of Others - an Interpretation
of FASB Statements No. 5,
57, and 107 and Rescission of FIN No. 34"
FIN 46................................FIN No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities"
Fitch.................................Fitch Ratings, Ltd.
FSP ..................................FASB Staff Position (new interpretations
of standards issued by the staff of the
FASB)
iii
GWh...................................gigawatt-hours
historical service territory..........US Holdings' historical service territory,
largely in north Texas, at the time of
entering competition on January 1, 2002.
IRS...................................Internal Revenue Service
kv....................................kilovolts
Moody's...............................Moody's Investors Services, Inc.
MW....................................megawatts
NRC...................................United States Nuclear Regulatory
Commission
Oncor.................................refers to Oncor Electric Delivery Company,
a subsidiary of US Holdings, and/or its
consolidated bankruptcy remote financing
subsidiary, Oncor Electric Delivery
Transition Bond Company LLC, depending on
context
Pinnacle..............................Pinnacle One Partners, L.P., the holding
company for the telecommunications
business and formerly a joint venture
POLR..................................provider of last resort of electricity to
certain customers under the Commission
rules interpreting the 1999 Restructuring
Legislation
Price-to-beat rate....................residential and small business customer
electricity rates established by the
Commission in the restructuring of the
Texas market that are required to be
charged in a REP's historical service
territories until January 1, 2005 or when
40% of the electricity consumed by such
customer classes is supplied by competing
REPs, adjusted periodically for changes in
fuel costs, and required to be available
to those customers until January 1, 2007
REP...................................retail electric provider
RRC...................................Railroad Commission of Texas
S&P...................................Standard & Poor's, a division of the
McGraw Hill Companies
Sarbanes-Oxley........................Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002
SEC...................................United States Securities and Exchange
Commission
Settlement Plan.......................regulatory settlement plan that received
final approval by the Commission in
January 2003
SFAS..................................Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards issued by the FASB
SFAS 4................................SFAS No. 4, "Reporting Gains and Losses
from Extinguishment of Debt"
SFAS 34...............................SFAS No. 34, "Capitalization of Interest
Cost"
SFAS 71...............................SFAS No. 71, "Accounting for the Effect
of Certain Types of Regulation"
SFAS 87...............................SFAS No. 87, "Employers' Accounting for
Pensions"
SFAS 101..............................SFAS No. 101, "Regulated Enterprises -
Accounting for the Discontinuance of the
Application of FASB Statement No. 71."
SFAS 106..............................SFAS No. 106, "Employers' Accounting for
Postretirement Benefits Other Than
Pensions"
SFAS 109..............................SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income
Taxes"
SFAS 121..............................SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for
Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of"
SFAS 123..............................SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation"
SFAS 132..............................Revised SFAS No. 132, "Employers'
Disclosures about Pensions and
Postretirement Benefits"
SFAS 133..............................SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities"
iv
SFAS 140..............................SFAS No. 140, "Accounting for Transfers
and Servicing of Financial Assets and
Extinguishments of Liabilities, a
replacement of FASB Statement 125"
SFAS 142..............................SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other
Intangible Assets"
SFAS 143..............................SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset
Retirement Obligations"
SFAS 144..............................SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived
Assets"
SFAS 145..............................SFAS No. 145, "Rescission of FASB
Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of
FASB Statement 13, and Technical
Corrections"
SFAS 146..............................SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs
Associated with Exit or Disposal
Activities"
SFAS 148..............................SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation-- Transition and Disclosure"
SFAS 149..............................SFAS No. 149, "Amendment of Statement 133
on Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities"
SFAS 150..............................SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for Certain
Financial Instruments with Characteristics
of Both Liabilities and Equity"
SG&A..................................selling, general and administrative
SOP 98-1..............................American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants Statement of Position 98-1,
"Accounting for the Cost of Computer
Software Developed or Obtained for
Internal Use"
TCEQ..................................Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
TXU Australia.........................refers to TXU Australia Group Pty Ltd, a
subsidiary of TXU Corp., and/or its
consolidated subsidiaries, depending on
context
TXU Business Services.................TXU Business Services Company, a
subsidiary of TXU Corp.
TXU Communications....................TXU Communications Ventures Company, a
subsidiary of Pinnacle
TXU Corp..............................refers to TXU Corp., a holding company,
and/or its consolidated subsidiaries,
depending on context
TXU Energy............................refers to TXU Energy Company LLC, a
subsidiary of US Holdings, and/or its
consolidated subsidiaries, depending on
context
TXU Europe............................TXU Europe Limited, a former subsidiary of
TXU Corp.
TXU Fuel..............................TXU Fuel Company, a subsidiary of TXU
Energy
TXU Gas...............................TXU Gas Company, a subsidiary of TXU Corp.
TXU Mining............................TXU Mining Company LP, a subsidiary of TXU
Energy
TXU Portfolio Management..............TXU Portfolio Management Company LP, a
subsidiary of TXU Energy
TXU SESCO.............................TXU SESCO Company, a subsidiary of TXU
Energy, which serves as a REP in ten
counties in the eastern and central parts
of Texas
UK....................................United Kingdom
US....................................United States of America
US GAAP...............................accounting principles generally accepted
in the US
US Holdings...........................TXU US Holdings Company, a subsidiary of
TXU Corp.
v
PART I
Items 1. and 2. BUSINESS and PROPERTIES
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
---------------------------
TXU Corp., a Texas corporation, was formed in 1997 as a holding company
and is the successor to TXU Energy Industries Company (TEI), the holding company
for the TXU Corp. system prior to the 1997 acquisition of ENSERCH Corporation
(now TXU Gas). TEI, formerly known as Texas Utilities Company, was organized in
1945.
TXU Corp. engages in power production (electricity generation), retail
and wholesale sales of electricity and natural gas, and the transmission and
distribution of electricity and natural gas. In the competitive energy
operations, TXU Corp. engages in hedging and risk management activities. TXU
Corp. is one of the largest energy services companies in the US and Australia
with $11 billion in revenue and over $31 billion of assets as of December 31,
2003. TXU Corp. owns or leases over 20,400 megawatts of power generation and for
2003 sold 128 terawatt hours of electricity and 206 billion cubic feet of
natural gas. TXU Corp. delivers or sells energy to over 5 million residential,
commercial and industrial customers in the US and Australia. At December 31,
2003, TXU Corp. had approximately 14,235 full-time employees.
TXU Corp.'s principal US operations are conducted through US Holdings
(formerly TXU Electric Company) and TXU Gas. US Holdings' operations are
conducted through TXU Energy and Oncor. TXU Corp.'s principal international
operations are conducted through TXU Australia. In 2002, TXU Corp. exited its
operations in Europe, which were conducted through TXU Europe. See Note 3 to
Financial Statements for information related to TXU Europe.
US Holdings, TXU Energy and Oncor -- US Holdings is a holding company
for TXU Energy and Oncor. As a result of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation,
which set into motion the deregulation of the electric industry in Texas,
effective January 1, 2002, TXU Corp.'s integrated electric utility business was
disaggregated and its operations were transferred to TXU Energy and Oncor. TXU
Energy serves 2.6 million retail electric customers and owns, or leases and
operates 19,140 megawatts of power generating capacity. Oncor owns and operates
98,286 miles of electric distribution lines and 14,180 miles of electric
transmission lines. In addition, as of January 1, 2002, certain other businesses
within the TXU Corp. system were transferred to TXU Energy, including TXU Gas'
hedging and risk management business and its unregulated retail
commercial/industrial (business) gas supply operation, as well as the fuel
transportation and coal mining subsidiaries of TXU Corp. that primarily service
the generation operations. The operating assets of TXU Energy and Oncor are
located principally in the north-central, eastern and western parts of Texas.
US Holdings and its subsidiaries operate primarily within the ERCOT
system. ERCOT is an intrastate network of investor-owned entities, cooperatives,
public entities, non-utility generators and power marketers. ERCOT is the
regional reliability coordinating organization for member electricity systems in
Texas, the Independent System Operator of the interconnected transmission system
of those systems, and is responsible for ensuring equal access to transmission
service by all wholesale market participants in the ERCOT region.
TXU Gas is a largely regulated company engaged in the purchase,
transmission, distribution and sale of natural gas in the north-central, eastern
and western parts of Texas, and also provides utility asset management services.
TXU Gas serves more than 1.4 million retail gas customers and owns and operates
26,431 miles of gas distribution mains, 6,162 miles of gas transportation and
gathering pipelines and underground storage reservoirs with 40 Bcf of capacity.
TXU Gas also provides transportation services to gas distribution companies,
electricity generation plants, end-use industrial customers and through-system
shippers.
Australia -- TXU Australia is a holding company for TXU Corp.'s
Australian operations. Its principal operating subsidiaries include TXU
Electricity Limited, which purchases, distributes and sells electricity in
wholesale and retail markets in the State of Victoria and purchases and sells
electricity and gas in wholesale and retail markets in the State of South
Australia; TXU Networks (Gas) Pty. Ltd., which distributes natural gas through
481,307 supply points in Victoria; and TXU Pty. Ltd., which sells natural gas to
approximately 480,000 retail customers in Victoria. TXU Electricity Limited
sells electricity to approximately 582,000 retail customers
1
and delivers electricity to 559,558 supply points, principally in the state of
Victoria, including suburban Melbourne, the second-largest city in Australia.
TXU Australia also conducts portfolio management, which includes hedging and
risk management activities. TXU Australia owns the only underground natural gas
storage facility in Victoria and operates the 1280-megawatt Torrens Island
generation plant in South Australia. TXU Australia also owns a 33.3% interest in
a joint venture that owns and operates a gas transmission pipeline in Victoria
and South Australia.
TXU Corp. is considering various options with respect to the
capitalization of TXU Australia to support its continuing growth, including a
local initial public offering of additional stock by TXU Australia. TXU Corp.
expects to retain a majority interest in TXU Australia after any such offering.
Other -- TXU Business Services is a provider of certain financial,
accounting, information technology, environmental, procurement, personnel and
other administrative services, at cost, to TXU Corp. and its other subsidiaries.
TXU Business Services acts as transfer agent, registrar and dividend paying
agent with respect to the common stock and preference stock of TXU Corp., and
the preferred stock of US Holdings. TXU Business Services also acts as dividend
paying agent for the preferred stock of TXU Gas and as agent for participants
under TXU Corp.'s Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
In May 2003, TXU Corp. acquired the interests it did not already
own in a telecommunications joint venture (Pinnacle) that operates an
established incumbent local exchange carrier serving residential and business
customers in East Texas and certain suburbs of Houston, Texas. The business
provides local, long distance, dial-up internet, digital subscriber line and
network and data services, and has approximately 168,000 access lines. In May
2003, TXU Corp. finalized a plan to dispose of the business by sale.
Accordingly, activities of Pinnacle since March 1, 2003 are reported as
discontinued operations. (See Note 3 to Financial Statements for further
discussion.) In January 2004, TXU Corp. entered into an agreement to sell the
telecommunications business for $527 million. The sale is expected to be
completed in the first half of 2004, pending regulatory approvals.
TEXAS ELECTRIC INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING
-------------------------------------
RESTRUCTURING LEGISLATION
As a result of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation, on January 1, 2002,
TXU Corp. disaggregated (unbundled) its Texas electric utility business into a
power generation company, a retail electric provider (REP) and an electricity
transmission and distribution (delivery) utility. Unbundled electricity
delivery utilities within ERCOT, such as Oncor, remain regulated by the
Commission.
Effective January 1, 2002, REPs affiliated with electricity delivery
utilities are required to charge residential and small business customers
located in their historical service territories "price-to-beat" rates
established by the Commission. TXU Energy, as a REP affiliated with an
electricity delivery utility, could not charge prices to customers in either of
those classes in the historical service territory that are different from the
price-to-beat rate, adjusted for fuel factor changes, until the earlier of
January 1, 2005 or the date on which 40% of the electricity consumed by
customers in that class is supplied by competing REPs. Thereafter,
TXU Energy may offer rates different from the price-to-beat rate to customers in
that class, but it must also continue to make the price-to-beat rate available
for residential and small business customers until January 1, 2007. Twice a
year, affiliated REPs may request that the Commission adjust the fuel factor
component of the price-to-beat rate based on changes in the market price of
natural gas.
In December 2003, the Commission found that TXU Energy
had met the 40% requirement to be allowed to offer alternatives to the
price-to-beat rate for small business customers in the historical service
territory.
Under amended Commission rules, effective in April 2003,
affiliated REPs of utilities are allowed to petition the Commission for an
increase in the fuel factor component of their price-to-beat rates if the
average price of natural gas futures increases more than 5% (10% if the
petition is filed after November 15 of any year) from the level used to set the
existing price-to-beat fuel factor rate.
-- In January 2003, TXU Energy filed a request with the Commission under
the prior rules to increase the fuel factor component of its
price-to-beat rates. This request was approved and became effective in
early March 2003. As a result, average monthly residential bills rose
approximately 12%. Appeals of the Commission's order have been filed
and are currently pending in the Travis County, Texas District Court.
2
-- On July 23, 2003, TXU Energy filed another request with the Commission
to increase the fuel factor component of its price-to-beat rates. This
request was approved and became effective in late August 2003. As a
result, average monthly residential bills rose approximately 4%.
Appeals of the Commission's order have been filed and are currently
pending in the Travis County, Texas District Court.
Also, effective January 1, 2002, power generation companies
affiliated with electricity delivery utilities may charge unregulated prices in
connection with ERCOT wholesale power transactions. Estimated costs associated
with nuclear power plant decommissioning obligations continue to be recovered by
Oncor as an electricity delivery charge over the life of the plant.
REGULATORY SETTLEMENT PLAN
On December 31, 2001, US Holdings filed a Settlement Plan with
the Commission. It resolved all major pending issues related to US Holdings'
transition to competition pursuant to the 1999 Restructuring Legislation. The
Settlement Plan does not remove regulatory oversight of Oncor's business nor
does it eliminate TXU Energy's price-to-beat rates and related fuel adjustments.
The Settlement Plan became final and non-appealable in January 2003.
The major elements of the Settlement Plan are:
Excess Mitigation Credit -- Over the two-year period
ended December 31, 2003, Oncor implemented a stranded cost excess mitigation
credit in the amount of $389 million (originally estimated to be $350 million),
plus $26 million in interest, applied as a reduction to delivery rates charged
to all REPs, including TXU Energy. The credit was funded by TXU Energy.
Regulatory Asset Securitization -- US Holdings received a
financing order authorizing the issuance of securitization bonds in the
aggregate principal amount of up to $1.3 billion to recover regulatory asset
stranded costs and other qualified costs. Accordingly, Oncor Electric Delivery
Transition Bond Company LLC, a bankruptcy remote financing subsidiary of Oncor,
issued an initial $500 million of securitization bonds in 2003 and is expected
to issue approximately $790 million in the first half of 2004. The principal
and interest on the bonds is recoverable through a delivery fee surcharge
(transition charge) to all REPs, including TXU Energy.
Retail Clawback Credit -- A retail clawback credit related to
residential customers was implemented in January 2004. The amount of
the credit is equal to the number of residential customers retained by TXU
Energy in the historical service territory on January 1, 2004,less the number of
new residential customers TXU Energy has added outside of the historical service
territory as of January 1, 2004, multiplied by $90. The estimated credit of $173
million will be applied to delivery rates charged by Oncor to all REPs,
including TXU Energy, over a two-year period. TXU Energy funds the credit
provided by Oncor. As the amount of the credit will be based on numbers of
customers over the related two-year period, the liability is subject to further
adjustments.
Stranded Costs and Fuel Cost Recovery -- TXU Energy's
stranded costs, not including regulatory assets, are fixed at zero. US Holdings
will not seek to recover its unrecovered fuel costs which existed at
December 31, 2001. Also, it will not conduct a final fuel cost reconciliation,
which would have covered the period from July 1998 until the beginning of
competition in January 2002.
PROVIDER OF LAST RESORT
Through 2002, TXU Energy was the POLR for residential and
small business customers in those areas of ERCOT where customer choice was
available outside the historical service territory and was the POLR for large
business customers in the historical service territory. Under new POLR rules
effective in September 2002, instead of being transferred to the POLR,
non-paying residential and small business customers served by affiliated REPs
are subject to disconnection. Non-paying residential and small business
customers served by non-affiliated REPs are transferred to the affiliated REP.
Non-paying large business customers can be disconnected by any REP if the
customer's contract does not preclude it. Thus, within the new POLR
3
framework, the POLR provides electric service only to customers who request POLR
service, whose selected REP goes out of business, or who are transferred to the
POLR by other REPs for reasons other than non-payment. No later than October 1,
2004, the Commission is expected to decide whether all REPs should be permitted
to disconnect non-paying customers.
Through a competitive bid process, the Commission selected a
POLR to serve for a two-year term beginning January 1, 2003, for several areas
within Texas. In areas for which no bids were submitted, the Commission selected
the POLR by lottery. TXU Energy did not bid to be the POLR, but was designated
POLR through lottery for residential and small business customers in certain
West Texas service areas and for small business customers in the Houston service
area.
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
---------------------
TXU Corp.'s key strategic initiatives include:
o Capitalize on market leadership positions in Texas and Australia
through development of sales, marketing and customer service
programs and initiatives designed to attract and retain business
and residential customers.
o Strengthen the balance sheet through aggressive management of
cash flows and debt reduction.
o Refine portfolio management activities to more effectively manage
effects of changes in energy prices and imbalances in supply and
demand.
o Pursue industry-leading cost competitiveness through operating
efficiency enhancements and exiting of marginal operations.
OPERATING SEGMENTS
------------------
TXU Corp. has aligned its operations into three reportable segments:
Energy, Energy Delivery and Australia. (See Note 19 to Financial Statements
for further information concerning reportable business segments.)
Energy -- operations principally in the competitive Texas
market involving power production, retail and wholesale energy sales, and
portfolio management, which includes hedging and risk management activities.
Energy Delivery -- largely regulated operations in Texas
involving the transmission and distribution of electricity and the purchase,
transportation, distribution and sale of natural gas.
Australia -- operations principally in Victoria and South
Australia involving power production, retail and wholesale energy sales in
largely competitive markets, portfolio management including hedging and risk
management activities, and natural gas transportation and storage, as well as
regulated electricity and natural gas distribution.
ENERGY SEGMENT
The Energy segment was created as a result of the deregulation
of the electric utility industry in Texas, which became effective January 1,
2002. The Energy segment is an integrated operation that engages in power
production, retail and wholesale energy sales and portfolio management
activities, primarily in the state of Texas. The Energy segment's operations are
conducted principally through TXU Energy and its following subsidiaries: TXU
Generation Company LP, TXU Portfolio Management Company LP; TXU Energy Retail
Company LP; TXU Fuel Company; and two coal mining subsidiaries.
TXU Energy serves 2.6 million retail electric customers, of which
2.4 million are in the historical service territory. This territory, which
is located in the north-central, eastern and western parts of Texas, has an
estimated population in excess of 7 million, about one-third of the population
of Texas, and comprises 92 counties and 370 incorporated municipalities,
including Dallas/Fort Worth and surrounding suburbs, as well as Waco,
Wichita Falls, Odessa, Midland, Tyler and Killeen. The Dallas/Fort Worth area
is a diversified commercial and industrial center with substantial banking,
insurance, telecommunications, electronics, aerospace,
4
petrochemical and specialized steel manufacturing, and automotive and aircraft
assembly. The historical service territory served includes major portions of the
oil and gas fields in the Permian Basin and East Texas, as well as substantial
farming and ranching sections of the state. TXU Energy also provides retail
electric service in other areas of ERCOT now open to competition, including the
Houston and Corpus Christi areas.
Texas is one of the fastest growing states in the nation
and is considered by many to be one of the more successful deregulated energy
markets in the U.S. As a result, competition is expected to continue to
increase.
POWER PRODUCTION
TXU Energy's power generating facilities provide TXU Energy
with the capability to supply a significant portion of the wholesale power
market demand in Texas, particularly in the North Texas market, at competitive
production costs. As part of TXU Energy's integrated business portfolio, much of
the low cost nuclear powered and lignite/coal-fired (base load) generation is
available to supply the power demands of its retail customers and other
competitive REPs.
The power fleet in Texas consists of 22 owned or leased plants with
generating capacity fueled as follows: 2,300 MW nuclear; 5,837 MW coal/lignite;
and 10,881 MW gas/oil. TXU Energy supplies its retail customer base from its
power fleet as well as through long-term power supply agreements and purchases
in the wholesale markets. The power generating plants and other important
properties of TXU Energy are located primarily on land owned in fee simple. TXU
Energy has sold and may from time to time sell generation assets to reduce its
position in the Texas market and provide funds for other investments or to
reduce debt.
TXU Energy is one of the largest purchasers of wind-generated
energy in Texas and the US. TXU Energy currently purchases energy from over
579 MW of wind projects located in West Texas. TXU Energy expects to continue to
add additional wind generation to its portfolio as commercial opportunities
become available.
Nuclear-Powered Production Assets -- TXU Energy owns and operates
two nuclear-fueled electricity generation units at the Comanche Peak plant, each
of which is designed for a capacity of 1,150 MW.
TXU Energy has on hand, or has contracted for, enrichment services
through mid-2006 and fabrication services through 2011 for its nuclear units.
TXU Energy is finalizing supply contracts for the purchase of uranium and
conversion to meet its needs through mid-2006 and does not anticipate any
problems in completing the contracts. TXU Energy does not anticipate any
difficulties procuring raw materials and services beyond these dates.
TXU Energy's onsite spent nuclear fuel storage capability is
sufficient to accommodate the operation of Comanche Peak through the year 2017,
while maintaining the capability to off-load the core of one of the
nuclear-fueled generating units.
Under current regulatory licenses, nuclear decommissioning
activities are projected to begin in 2030 for Comanche Peak Unit 1 and 2033 for
Unit 2 and common facilities. Since January 1, 2002, projected decommissioning
costs are being recovered from Oncor's customers through a delivery charge based
upon a 1997 site-specific study, adjusted for changes in the value of trust fund
assets, through rates placed into effect under the 2001 Unbundled Cost of
Service filing.
The Comanche Peak nuclear-powered generation units were originally
estimated to have a useful life of 40 years, based on the life of the operating
licenses granted by the NRC. Over the last several years, the NRC has granted
20-year extensions to the initial 40-year terms for several commercial power
reactors. Based on these extensions and current expectations of industry
practice, the useful life of the Comanche Peak nuclear-powered generation units
is now estimated to be 60 years. TXU Corp. expects to file a license extension
request in accordance with timingn and other provisions established by the NRC.
(See Note 1 to Financial Statements under Property, Plant and Equipment, for a
discussion of the change in depreciable lives for accounting purposes).
Lignite/Coal -Fired Production Assets -- Lignite is used as the
primary fuel for two units at the Big Brown generating plant, three units at the
Monticello generating plant, three units at the Martin Lake generating plant,
and one unit at the Sandow generating plant, having an aggregate capacity of
5,837 MW. TXU Energy's lignite units have been constructed adjacent to surface
minable lignite reserves. TXU Energy owns in fee simple or has under lease
proven reserves dedicated to the Big Brown, Monticello and Martin Lake
generating plants.
5
TXU Energy utilizes owned and/or leased equipment to remove
the overburden and recover the lignite. Approximately 75% of the fuel used at
TXU Energy's lignite plants in 2003 was supplied from owned or leased lignite.
TXU Energy supplements its lignite fuel at Big Brown, Monticello and
Martin Lake with western coal from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. The coal
is purchased from multiple suppliers under contracts of various lengths and is
transported from the Powder River Basin to TXU Energy's generating plants by
railcar. Approximately 25% of the fuel used at TXU Energy's lignite plants in
2003 was supplied from western coal under these contracts. Based on its current
usage, which includes the use of western coal to supplement its lignite
reserves, TXU Energy believes that it has sufficient lignite reserves and access
to western coal resources for its generating needs in the foreseeable future.
Gas/Oil-Fired Production Assets -- TXU Energy has eighteen
gas/oil-fueled plants, including a plant located in Pedricktown, New Jersey,
with an aggregate capacity of 11,003 MW. A significant portion of the gas/oil
generating plants have the ability to switch between gas and fuel oil. Gas/oil
fuel requirements for 2003 were provided through a mix of contracts with
producers at the wellhead and contracts with commercial suppliers. Fuel oil can
be stored at 15 of the principally gas-fueled generating plants. At January 1,
2004, TXU Energy had fuel oil storage capacity sufficient to accommodate
approximately 5.5 million barrels of oil and had approximately one million
barrels of oil in inventory.
Capacity Auction -- To encourage competition in the ERCOT region,
each power generation company owning 400 MW or more of installed generating
capacity must annually offer to sell at auction entitlements to 15% of the
output of its installed generating capacity. Such auction sales cannot be to
an affiliated REP. The obligation of TXU Energy to sell capacity entitlements at
auction continues until the earlier of January 1, 2007 or the date the
Commission determines that 40% or more of the electric power consumed by
residential and small business customers within the affiliated delivery utility
certificated service area before the onset of customer choice is provided by
non-affiliated REPs. The October 2002 auction offered one-year and monthly
entitlements for 2003 only. Not all of the entitlements offered in
the October auction were sold; however, TXU Energy did re-offer these unsold
entitlements in subsequent auctions held in November 2002 and throughout 2003.
In 2003, TXU Energy held capacity auctions in March, July and August for 2003
capacity, and in September and November for 2004 capacity. TXU Energy met its
capacity auction obligations for 2003. The next auctions for the remaining 2004
capacity obligations are scheduled for March and July 2004.
NATURAL GAS OPERATIONS
TXU Energy's natural gas operations in Texas include pipelines,
storage facilities, well-head production contracts, transportation agreements
and storage leases. Natural gas is purchased for internal use in the generation
of power, as well as for sale in wholesale markets and to large business
customers. Transportation services are provided to TXU Energy's generation
operations and third parties. Because of the correlation of natural gas and
power prices, TXU Energy's natural gas operations provide opportunities to hedge
its margins on power sales.
TXU Energy owns and operates an intrastate natural gas pipeline
system with approximately 1,900 miles of pipeline facilities which extends from
the gas-producing area of the Permian Basin in West Texas to the East Texas gas
fields and southward to the Gulf Coast area. The pipeline facilities were
originally built solely to serve US Holdings' generating plants. In keeping with
deregulation principles, this network now offers transportation service to third
parties at competitive prices.
TXU Energy also owns and operates two underground gas storage
facilities with a usable capacity of 14.0 Bcf. TXU Energy holds a portion of
this storage capacity for use during periods of peak demand to meet seasonal
and other fluctuations or interruption of deliveries by gas suppliers. Under
normal operating conditions, up to 400 million cubic feet can be withdrawn each
day for a ten-day period, with withdrawals at lower rates thereafter.
6
RETAIL
Regulatory restructuring in Texas has resulted in competitive
markets within the state, thus presenting additional opportunities for growth
accompanied by the introduction of competitive pressures. Texas is one of the
fastest growing states in the nation with a diverse and resilient economy and,
as a result, has attracted a number of competitors into the retail electricity
market. TXU Energy, as an active participant in this competitive market, is
marketing its services in Texas to add new customers and to retain its existing
customers.
Based on the latest data provided by ERCOT (November 2003),
approximately 14% of all customers in ERCOT areas open to customer choice had
elected to switch providers At the present time, 53 REPs are certified to
compete within the state of Texas.
TXU Energy believes that the scale derived from a large retail
portfolio provides the platform for a profitable operation by, among other
things, reducing the costs of service and billing per customer. TXU Energy
emphasizes its identification with the TXU brand and reputation. TXU Energy uses
a value pricing approach by customizing its products to each customer segment
with service enhancements that are known to be valued by customers in those
segments. With its approach, TXU Energy intends to achieve substantially higher
customer loyalty and enhanced profit margins, while reducing the costs
associated with customers frequently switching suppliers.
TXU Energy has invested in customer-related infrastructure and uses
its customer relationships, technology operating platforms, marketing, customer
service operations and customer loyalty to actively compete to retain its
customer base and to add customers.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Portfolio management refers to risk management and value creation
activities undertaken to balance customer demand for energy with the supply of
energy in an economically efficient and effective manner. Retail and wholesale
demand is generally greater than volumes that can be supplied by TXU Energy's
base load production. Portfolio management acts to provide additional supply
balancing through TXU Energy's gas/oil-fired generation or purchases of power.
The portfolio management operation manages the commodity volume and price risks
inherent in TXU Energy's generation and sales operations through supply
structuring, pricing and risk management activities. Risk management activities
include hedging both future power sales and purchases of fuel supplies for the
generation plants. The portfolio management operation also is responsible for
the efficient dispatch of power from its generation plants.
In its risk management activities, TXU Energy enters into physical
delivery contracts, financial contracts that are traded on exchanges and
"over-the-counter" and bilateral contracts with customers. Physical delivery
contracts relate to the purchase and sale of electricity and gas primarily in
the wholesale markets in Texas and to a limited extent in select Northeast
markets in North America. TXU Energy's risk management activities consist
largely of hedging transactions, with speculative trading representing a small
fraction of such activity.
TXU Energy manages its exposure to price risk within established
transactional policies and limits. TXU Energy targets best practices in risk
management and risk control by employing proven principles used by financial
institutions. These controls have been structured so that they are practical in
application and consistent with stated business objectives. Portfolio management
revalues TXU Energy's exposures daily using integrated energy systems to capture
value and mitigate risks. A risk management forum meets regularly to ensure that
transactional practices comply with its prior approval of commodities,
instruments, exchanges and markets. Transactional risks are monitored and limits
are enforced to comply with established TXU Corp. policy requirements. Risk
assessment is segregated and operated separately from compliance and enforcement
to ensure independence, accountability and integrity of actions. TXU Corp. has a
strict disciplinary program to address any violations of its risk management
policy requirements. TXU Energy also periodically reviews these policies to
ensure they are responsive to changing market and business conditions. These
policies are designed to protect earnings, cash flows and credit ratings.
7
COMPETITIVE STRATEGY
TXU Energy's strategy is to defend and build its customer base in
the competitive Texas market and to accomplish this through the operation of a
single, integrated energy business managing a portfolio of assets. Achieving
operational excellence, more cost efficient processes and enhanced credibility
and reputation are all critical elements for executing on that strategy.
TXU Energy will continue to focus on sustaining its leading
position in the Texas market and being in position to move quickly toward
capturing new opportunities outside of Texas as they arise.
One of TXU Energy's key competitive strengths is its ability to
produce electricity at low variable costs in a market in which power prices are
set by gas-fired generation. New gas-fired capacity, while generally more
efficient to operate than existing gas/oil-fired capacity due to technological
advances, is subject to the volatility and increasing cost of natural gas fuel.
On the other hand, base load nuclear and lignite/coal plants have lower variable
production costs than even new gas-fired plants at current average market gas
prices. Another competitive strength for TXU Energy is the diversity of its
generation fleet. Due to the higher variable operating and fuel costs of its
gas/oil-fired units, as compared to its lignite/coal and nuclear units,
production from TXU Energy's gas/oil units is more susceptible to being
displaced by the more efficient units being constructed. This positions TXU
Energy's gas/oil units to run during intermediate and peak load periods when
prices are higher and provides more opportunities for hedging activities and
increased market liquidity.
Retail competition has remained steady in Texas with several large
participants broadly extending their marketing across all customer segments and
all geographic areas of competition. TXU Energy has successfully executed
similar marketing programs while retaining the majority of its incumbent
residential customer base.
TXU Energy believes that the ERCOT region presents an attractive
competitive electric service market due to the following factors:
o gas-fired plants are expected to set the price of generation during a
substantial portion of the year, providing an opportunity for TXU
Energy to benefit from its nuclear and lignite/coal units' fuel cost
advantages;
o peak demand is expected to grow at an average rate of approximately 3%
per year;
o it is a sizeable market with approximately 62 gigawatts (GW) of peak
demand and approximately 35 GW of average demand; and
o there is no mandatory power pool structure.
Reserve margins for ERCOT, based upon existing capacity and
planned capacity with interconnection agreements, are expected to be 29% in
2004, 25% in 2005, 22% in 2006, 18% in 2007, and 15% in 2008.
Outside Texas -- Energy industry restructuring, although
proceeding well in Texas, has not had similar success in other parts of the U.S.
As early as 2000, optimism for national legislation and increased opening of
competitive markets began to alter the strategy of many industry participants.
The establishment of Regional Transmission Organizations and open access for
both wholesale and retail customers were on the horizon. Together with
increasing customer demand for lower priced electricity and other energy
services, these measures were expected to have accelerated the industry's
movement toward a more competitive pricing and cost structure.
Many states, faced with this increasing pressure from legislative
bodies (federal and state) to become more competitive while adhering to certain
continued regulatory requirements, along with changing economic conditions and
rapid technological changes, put forth deregulation plans that have since been
deferred or changed. The result is delayed restructuring. New entry by retailers
as well as by merchant generators in states other than Texas has been slowed.
The continued uncertainty regarding many FERC policies as well as Federal
legislation have delayed the opening of new retail markets and decreased the
economic viability for merchant generation.
8
Customers -- There are no individually significant customers upon
which TXU Energy's business or results of operations are highly dependent.
REGULATION AND RATES
See Texas Electric Industry Restructuring above for a description
of the significant regulatory provisions relating to the deregulation of the
Texas electric industry.
TXU Corp. is a holding company as defined in the Public Utility
Holding Company Act of 1935. However, TXU Corp. and all of its subsidiary
companies are exempt from the provisions of such Act, except Section 9(a)(2)
which relates to the acquisition of securities of public utility companies and
Section 33 which relates to the acquisition of foreign (non-US) utility
companies.
TXU Energy is an exempt wholesale generator under the Federal
Power Act and is subject to the jurisdiction of the NRC with respect to its
nuclear power plant. NRC regulations govern the granting of licenses for the
construction and operation of nuclear power plants and subject such plants to
continuing review and regulation. TXU Energy also holds a power marketer license
from FERC.
See discussion at the end of this Item for environmental
regulations and related matters.
ENERGY DELIVERY SEGMENT
The Energy Delivery segment consists primarily of the
electricity transmission and distribution operations of Oncor and the
purchasing, transportation, distribution and retail sales operations of TXU Gas.
Energy Delivery provides the essential service of delivering energy safely,
reliably and economically to end-use customers through its distribution systems.
Operating assets of the segment are located principally in the north-central,
eastern and western parts of Texas.
ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION
Oncor's electricity transmission business is responsible for the
safe and reliable operations of its transmission network and substations. These
responsibilities consist of the construction and maintenance of transmission
facilities and substations and the monitoring, controlling and dispatching of
high-voltage electricity over Oncor's transmission facilities in coordination
with ERCOT.
Oncor is a member of ERCOT, and the transmission business
actively supports the operations of ERCOT and market participants. The
transmission business participates with ERCOT and other member utilities to
plan, design, construct and operate new transmission lines, with regulatory
approval, necessary to maintain reliability, increase bulk power transfer
capability and to minimize limitations and constraints on the ERCOT transmission
grid.
Transmission revenues are provided under tariffs approved by
either the Commission or, to a small degree, FERC. Network transmission revenues
compensate Oncor for delivery of power over transmission facilities operating at
60,000 volts and above. Transformation service revenues compensate Oncor for
substation facilities that transform power from high-voltage transmission to
distribution voltages below 60,000 volts. Other services offered by the
transmission business include, but are not limited to: system impact studies,
facilities studies and maintenance of substations and transmission lines owned
by other non-retail parties.
Oncor's transmission facilities include 4,502 circuit miles of
345-kilovolt transmission lines and 9,678 circuit miles of 138- and 69-kV
transmission lines. Also, 43 generating plants totaling 33,260 megawatts are
directly connected to Oncor's transmission system, and 693 distribution
substations are served from Oncor's transmission system.
Oncor is connected by eight 345-kV lines to CenterPoint Energy;
by four 345-kV (one of which is an asynchronous high voltage direct current
interconnection to American Electric Power Company in the Southwest Power Pool),
eight 138-kV and thirteen 69-kV lines to American Electric Power Company; by
four 345-kV and eighteen 138-kV lines and three 69-kV lines to the Lower
Colorado River Authority; by seven 345-kV and nine 138-kV lines to the Texas
Municipal Power Agency; and at several points with smaller systems operating
wholly within Texas.
9
ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
Oncor's electricity distribution business is responsible for the
overall safe and efficient operation of distribution facilities; including power
delivery, power quality and system reliability. The Oncor distribution system
supplies electricity to over 2.9 million points of delivery. The electricity
distribution business consists of the ownership, management, construction,
maintenance and operation of the distribution system within Oncor's certificated
service area. Over the past five years, the number of Oncor's distribution
system premises served has been growing an average of 2% per year.
Oncor's distribution system receives electricity from the
transmission system through substations and distributes electricity to end users
and wholesale customers through 2,944 distribution feeders.
The Oncor distribution system consists of 55,472 miles of
overhead primary conductors, 22,076 miles of overhead secondary and street light
conductors, 12,936 miles of underground primary conductors and 7,802 miles of
underground secondary and street light conductors. The majority of the
distribution system operates at 25-kV and 12.5-kV.
Most of Oncor's power lines have been constructed over lands of
others pursuant to easements or along public highways, streets and right-of-ways
as permitted by law.
CUSTOMERS-- ELECTRICITY DELIVERY
Oncor's transmission customers consist of municipalities,
electric cooperatives and other distribution companies. Oncor's distribution
customers consist of approximately 43 REPs in Oncor's certified service area,
including subsidiary REPs of TXU Energy. For the year ended December 31, 2003,
delivery fee revenues from TXU Energy represented approximately 71% of Oncor's
revenues. There are no individually significant unaffiliated customers upon
which Oncor's business or results are highly dependent.
Since January 1, 2002, the retail customers who purchase and
consume electricity and are connected to Oncor's system have been free to choose
their electricity supplier from REPs who compete for their business. The changed
character of electric service, however, does not mean that the safe and reliable
delivery of dependable power is any less critical to Oncor's success. Service
quality, safety and reliability are of paramount importance to REPs, electricity
customers, and Oncor. Oncor intends to continue to build on its inherited
tradition of low cost and high performance.
REGULATION AND RATES - ELECTRICITY DELIVERY
See Texas Electric Industry Restructuring above for a description
of the significant regulatory provisions relating to the deregulation of the
Texas electric industry.
As its operations are wholly within Texas, Oncor believes that it
is not a public utility as defined in the Federal Power Act and has been advised
by its counsel that it is not subject to general regulation under such Act.
The Commission has original jurisdiction over transmission rates
and services and over distribution rates and services in unincorporated areas
and in those municipalities that have ceded original jurisdiction to the
Commission and has exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review the rate and
service orders and ordinances of municipalities. Generally, the Public Utility
Regulatory Act (PURA) prohibits the collection of any rates or charges by a
public utility that do not have the prior approval of the Commission.
At the state level, PURA, as amended, requires owners or operators
of transmission facilities to provide open access wholesale transmission
services to third parties at rates and terms that are non-discriminatory and
comparable to the rates and terms of the utility's own use of its system.
The Commission has adopted rules implementing the state open access
requirements for utilities that are subject to the Commission's jurisdiction
over transmission services, such as Oncor.
Provisions of the 1999 Restructuring legislation allow Oncor to
annually update its transmission rates to reflect changes in invested capital.
These provisions encourage investment in the transmission system to help ensure
reliability and efficiency by allowing for timely recovery of and return on new
transmission investments.
10
See discussion at the end of this Item for environmental regulations
and related matters.
GAS DELIVERY
Gas Transmission -- TXU Gas owns and operates interconnected natural
gas transmission lines, five underground storage reservoirs, 20 compressor
stations and related properties, all within Texas. With a system consisting of
6,162 miles of transmission and gathering lines in Texas, TXU Gas is one of the
largest pipeline operators in the US. Through these facilities, it transports
natural gas to its distribution system and other customers. Rates for
transmission services are regulated by the RRC. The gas transmission and
distribution lines of TXU Gas have been constructed over lands of others
pursuant to easements or along public highways, streets and rights-of-way as
permitted by law.
Gas Distribution -- TXU Gas provides service through over 26,431
miles of distribution mains. TXU Gas purchases, distributes and sells natural
gas to over 1.4 million residential and business customers in approximately 550
cities and towns, including the 11-county Dallas/Ft. Worth metropolitan area.
The distribution service rates that TXU Gas charges its residential and business
customers have been generally established by the municipal governments of the
cities and towns served, with the RRC having appellate, or in some instances,
primary jurisdiction. The majority of TXU Gas' residential and business
customers use natural gas for heating, and their needs are directly affected by
the mildness or severity of the heating season.
TXU Gas estimates its peak-day availability of natural gas supply
from its long-term contracts, short-term contracts and withdrawals from
underground storage to be 2.2 Bcf. Daily purchases on the spot market raise this
availability level to meet additional peak-day needs. TXU Gas' peak-day demand
in 2003 was on February 24, 2003, when sales to its customers reached
approximately 1.9 Bcf. During 2003, the average daily demand of TXU Gas'
residential and business customers was 0.4 Bcf.
TXU Gas has historically maintained a contractual right to
interrupt transportation load, which is designed to achieve the highest load
factor possible in the use of the pipeline system while ensuring continuous and
uninterrupted service to residential and business customers.
Estimates of natural gas supplies and reserves are not necessarily
indicative of TXU Gas' ability to meet current or anticipated market demands or
immediate delivery requirements because of factors such as the physical
limitations of gathering, storage and transmission systems, the duration and
severity of cold weather, the availability of gas reserves from its suppliers,
the ability to purchase additional supplies on a short-term basis and actions by
federal and stateregulatory authorities. Curtailment rights provide TXU Gas
flexibility to meet the human-needs requirements of its customers on a firm
basis. Priority allocations imposed by federal and state regulatory agencies, as
well as other factors beyond the control of TXU Gas, may affect its ability to
meet the demands of its customers.
Gas Supply -- TXU Gas' natural gas supply consists of contracts for
the purchase of specific reserves, contracts not related to specific reserves or
fields, and natural gas in storage. The total planned natural gas supply as of
January 1, 2004 is 150 Bcf, which is approximately 1 percent more than TXU Gas'
actual supply during 2003. TXU Gas has approximately 17 Bcf committed under
contracts with specific reserves, 30 Bcf in working gas in storage and 41 Bcf
committed under gas supply contracts not related to specific reserves or fields.
In 2003, TXU Gas' natural gas requirements were purchased from approximately 76
independent producers, marketers and pipeline companies.
TXU Gas manages its storage working gas inventory and storage
deliverability along with other purchased gas to meet its peak-day requirements.
TXU Gas utilizes the services of five natural gas storage fields operated within
its pipeline system, all of which are located in Texas. These fields have a
working gas capacity of more than 38 Bcf and a storage withdrawal deliverability
of up to 1.2 Bcf per day.
TXU Gas buys natural gas under long-term and short-term contracts,
some of which require minimum purchases of gas. The estimated natural gas
demand, which assumes normal weather conditions, significantly exceeds the
minimum purchase obligations of these contracts for the year 2004 and
thereafter.
The TXU Gas distribution supply program is designed to contract for
new supplies of natural gas and to recontract targeted expiring sources. In
addition to being heavily concentrated in the established natural gas-producing
11
areas of central, northern and eastern Texas, TXU Gas' intrastate pipeline
system also extends into or near the major producing areas of the Texas Gulf
Coast and the Delaware and Val Verde Basins of West Texas. Nine basins located
in Texas are estimated to contain a substantial portion of the nation's
remaining onshore natural gas reserves. TXU Gas' pipeline system provides access
to all of these basins. TXU Gas is well situated to receive large volumes into
its pipeline system at the major hubs, such as Katy and Waha, as well as from
storage facilities where TXU Gas maintains high delivery capabilities.
Competition -- Customer sensitivity to energy prices and the
availability of competitively priced natural gas continue to cause competition
in the electricity generation and industrial user markets. Natural gas faces
varying degrees of competition from electricity, coal, natural gas liquids, oil
and other refined products throughout the TXU Gas distribution service
territory. Pipeline systems of other companies, both intrastate and interstate,
extend into or through the areas in which TXU Gas' markets are located, creating
competition from other sellers and transporters of natural gas. TXU Gas intends
to maintain its focus on customer satisfaction and the creation of new
value-added services for its customers in order to remain its customers'
supplier of choice. TXU Gas provides services to its electricity generation and
industrial customers under regulated tariffs and responds to this competition by
offering service under negotiated rates when a positive margin can be
maintained.
TXU Gas is the sole transporter of natural gas to its distribution
system. TXU Gas competes with other pipelines in Texas to transport natural gas
to electricity generation and industrial user facilities as well as off-system
markets. These businesses are highly competitive.
Customers -- There are no individually significant customers upon
which TXU Gas' business or results of operations are highly dependent.
Regulation and Rates - Gas Delivery
- -----------------------------------
TXU Gas is wholly intrastate in character and performs distribution
utility operations and pipeline transportation services in the State of Texas
subject to regulation, respectively, by municipalities in Texas and the RRC. The
RRC has original jurisdiction over the charge for the transportation of gas by
TXU Gas to its distribution system for sale to TXU Gas' residential and business
consumers. TXU Gas owns no certificated interstate transmission facilities
subject to the jurisdiction of the FERC under the Natural Gas Act, has no sales
for resale under the rate jurisdiction of the FERC and does not perform any
transportation service that is subject to FERC jurisdiction under the Natural
Gas Act.
The city gate rate for the cost of natural gas TXU Gas ultimately
delivers to residential and business customers is established by the RRC and
provides for full recovery of the actual cost of gas delivered. The cities
served by TXU Gas have original jurisdiction over the distribution rate TXU Gas
charges its residential and business customers, subject to appellate
jurisdiction of the RRC.
TXU Gas employs a continuing program of rate review for all classes
of customers in its regulatory jurisdictions. In May 2003, TXU Gas filed, for
the first time, a system-wide rate case for the distribution and pipeline
operations. The case was filed in all 437 incorporated cities served by the
distribution operations, and at the RRC for the pipeline business and for
unincorporated areas served by the distribution operations. The TXU Gas filing
requested an annual revenue increase of $69.5 million or 7.24%. All 437 cities
took action on the case within their statutory time frame, and TXU Gas has
appealed these actions to the RRC. Twelve parties have intervened in the case.
Based on the current procedural schedule, TXU Gas expects a final order from the
RRC in the second quarter of 2004.
TXU Gas sells natural gas to industrial customers under standard
regulated rate schedules that permit automatic adjustment on a periodic basis
for the full amount of increases or decreases in the cost of natural gas.
Transportation services to electricity generation and other industrial
customers are provided under both regulated tariffs and competitively
negotiated contracts.
TXU Gas has been an open access transporter under Section 311 of the
Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (NGPA) on its intrastate transmission facilities
since July 1988. Such transportation is performed pursuant to Section 311(a)(2)
of the NGPA and is subject to an exemption from the jurisdiction of the FERC
under the Natural Gas Act, pursuant to Section 601 of the NGPA.
12
See discussion at the end of this Item for environmental
regulations and related matters.
ONCOR UTILITY SOLUTIONS
This operation consists of wholly-owned subsidiaries
of TXU Gas that offer unregulated utility asset management services for
cooperatives and municipally-owned and investor-owned utilities located in
North America. Electric, gas, water and wastewater utilities may choose from
Oncor Utility Solutions' menu of services ranging from a complete turnkey
solution to selected services such as work management, resource management,
strategic planning, design, maintenance and construction. Oncor Utility
Solutions leverages TXU Corp.'s existing economies of scale, asset management
processes, technologies and personnel to deliver cost savings and reliability
improvements to client network systems.
AUSTRALIA SEGMENT
TXU Australia provides its products and services primarily in the
States of Victoria and South Australia through its two main operating divisions:
Energy Delivery Business and Energy Business.
There are no individually significant customers upon which the
segment's business or results of operations are highly dependent.
COMPETITIVE STRATEGY
TXU Australia's portfolio approach to growth has provided TXU
Australia with a number of competitive advantages associated with economies of
scale, dual fuel benefits and risk diversification. TXU Australia is a major
provider of multiple energy solutions in the Victorian and South Australian
energy markets.
Since 1995, TXU Australia has assembled its portfolio of assets and
capabilities with a mix of regulated earnings and assets in the Energy Delivery
Business, and a portfolio of physical and contractual, upstream and downstream
capabilities in the Energy Business.
The Australian energy market presents TXU Australia with significant
opportunities for growth. Growth opportunities in the Energy Delivery Business
will be pursued in the framework of building on TXU Australia's developed core
skills and capabilities. Growth opportunities in the Energy Business will be
pursued in the framework of maintaining a mix of upstream and downstream
physical and financial positions and managing the risks of imbalances between
these positions.
ENERGY DELIVERY BUSINESS
TXU Australia's Energy Delivery Business engages principally in managing
the distribution of electricity to 559,558 connection points in the eastern
suburbs of Melbourne and in rural areas in eastern Victoria, and the
distribution of natural gas to 481,307 supply points located in the western
suburbs of Melbourne and in rural towns in western Victoria.
TXU Australia manages an electricity network of approximately 27,250
miles of distribution lines over an area of approximately 50,000 square miles,
and a gas network of approximately 5,100 miles of pipelines over approximately
1,250 square miles in its territory.
The tariffs chargeable by TXU Australia for the distribution of
electricity and gas are regulated by the Victorian Essential Services
Commission. Electricity distribution tariffs were last determined in 2001 and
are due to be redetermined in 2006 for at least five more years. Gas
distribution tariffs were last determined in 2003 and are due to be redetermined
in 2008 for at least five more years. The gas distribution tariffs increased
by 2.2% for 2003. Each subsequent year, the tariffs are to increase by 0.8% plus
the Consumer Price Index increase. The current regulatory framework, as
administered by the Essential Services Commission, has been in place since 1995
for electricity and since 1998 for gas. TXU Australia expects that this
regulatory framework will continue to evolve.
13
ENERGY BUSINESS
TXU Australia's Energy Business comprises a portfolio of assets involved
in the generation of electricity, transportation and storage of gas, purchase of
electricity and gas, and the sale of electricity and gas to wholesale and retail
customers, primarily in Victoria and South Australia. This portfolio enhances
the ability of the Energy Business to manage the risks normally associated with
the stand-alone operation of a retail, generation or wholesale energy business,
including price fluctuation, supply shortage and overproduction risks, in order
to optimize performance.
TXU Australia manages its portfolio of wholesale contracts, physical
generation capability and retail positions to manage exposure to price risks.
Its generation assets, gas storage capability and electricity hedging contracts
provide the ability to enhance price spike protection for TXU Australia's retail
customer base, and also provide TXU Australia with an ability to offer risk
management products to others in the market.
In May 2000, TXU Australia acquired the business of the South
Australian electricity generator Optima Energy Pty Ltd, which included a
100-year prepaid lease of the Torrens Island Power Station (Torrens Island).
The Torrens Island site is located near Adelaide and offers room for
plant expansion. The power station consists of two plants with a total of
eight gas-fired steam turbines with a combined capacity of 1,280 MW. Torrens
Islands has the potential to operate in each of the peaking, intermediate and
base load markets in South Australia.
TXU Australia has a 20-year option agreement, which began in 1999,
with Ecogen Energy Pty. Ltd. (Ecogen), which owns 966 MW of gas fired generation
that is typically used during peak periods of demand for electricity in
Victoria. The agreement provides TXU Australia with the ability to enter into
hedge contracts with Ecogen, at TXU Australia's option, that require the
exchange of cash for the difference between the amount specified in the contract
and the then current spot price of electricity. TXU Australia also has an
agreement to supply gas to Ecogen until April 30, 2019. The option agreement
provides a hedge against TXU Australia's cost of electricity and also enables
TXU Australia to offer price protection services to other electricity retailers.
TXU Australia owns an underground gas storage facility near Port
Campbell in southwest Victoria. The facility, which was commissioned in
August 1999, has a storage capacity of approximately 11 Bcf and has a withdrawal
capacity of 0.3 Bcf per day. The underground gas storage facility is connected
to the principal Victorian gas transmission system and the SEA Gas pipeline
effective January 2004.
The underground gas storage facility provides TXU Australia with the
ability to manage its gas supply requirements beyond the flexibility inherent
under the gas supply contracts and to manage its exposure to price volatility
in the gas spot market.
TXU Australia currently owns a 33.3% joint venture interest in
SEA Gas. SEA Gas is a gas transmission pipeline from the underground gas storage
facility to Adelaide in South Australia. TXU Australia entered into a 15-year
foundation shipper contract with SEA Gas to ship gas from the underground gas
storage facility to Torrens Island and the gas distribution system in South
Australia.
Retail Electricity
- ------------------
TXU Australia's primary retail electric markets at present are
Victoria and South Australia. With the introduction of full retail competition,
customers in Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales now have the right to
choose their energy providers. TXU Australia has retailing licenses to sell
electricity to competitive customers in Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland,
South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.
Customer Base -- 89% of TXU Australia's retail electric customers are
residential customers. The remaining customer base is diverse and includes
businesses in the mining, transportation and chemicals industries. Approximately
85% of TXU Australia's retail electric customers are connected to the
distribution network owned by the Energy Delivery Business.
14
Regulation -- As an original incumbent retailer in Victoria, TXU
Australia can publish new retail electricity prices at any time in a government
publication, with the new prices applying two months after their publication.
However, the Victorian Electricity Industry Act 2000 reserves power to the
Victorian government until December 2004 to cap the prices at which
electricity is sold to low-volume Victorian customers (i.e., those consuming
less than 160 MWh per year) if it does not approve of the published prices.
Retail electricity prices, primarily in Victoria, increased 3.1% in
2003 compared to 2002. The increase reflected a 4% decrease in the capped price
that was more than offset by reduced government subsidies that are passed on to
customers through distribution fees. Further changes to the subsidies are under
consideration by the Victorian government.
At the end of October 2003, TXU Australia published electricity price
increases to apply to low- volume customers beginning January 1, 2004.
Following its review of these newly published prices, the government has
determined the allowed price increases for the next four years as follows: 2004,
1.5%; for subsequent years, the rates will be based on CPI plus (or minus) a
margin ranging from 1.5% to 0.5%.
Low-volume customers have the choice of being subject to regulated
pricing or accepting a market-based offer from TXU Australia or a competing
retailer.
Competition -- At present, with the exception of Queensland,
participants in the National Electric Market have introduced full retail
competition for electricity consumers. These participants are Victoria, New
South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
Electricity Supply Arrangements -- The National Electric Market
is a wholesale market for the sale of electricity that is combined with an open
access regime for the use of physical electricity networks within the
participating states of Australia. The National Electric Market currently
operates a wholesale electricity pool into which all electricity output from
generators within Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia is centrally
pooled and scheduled to meet the electricity demand of those states. Each
electricity provider is required to purchase electricity either through a pool
or through another provider that has purchased that electricity from a pool.
Retail Gas
- ----------
TXU Australia's primary gas retail market at present is Victoria.
It also has retail licenses to supply gas to customers in South Australia, New
South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory.
Customer Base -- 96% of TXU Australia's retail gas customers are
residential customers and the remaining 4% are business customers. The
portfolio of business customers currently served by TXU Australia includes food,
manufacturing, chemicals, paper, health, hospitality and recreation.
Regulation -- As with electricity, TXU Australia can publish new gas
prices at any time in a government publication, with the new prices applying two
months after their publication. However, the Victorian Gas Industry Act 2001
reserves powers to the Victorian government until August 31, 2004, to
cap the prices at which gas is sold to low volume Victorian customers.
In 2002, the Victorian government exercised its power in respect of
low-volume gas customers for 2003. TXU Australia was allowed to increase its
prices by an average of 9% beginning January 4, 2003. Customers have the choice
of accepting either low-volume customer pricing or a market-based offer from
TXU Australia or a competing retailer.
At the end of October 2003, TXU Australia published gas price
increases to apply to low volume customers beginning January 1, 2004. Following
its review of these newly published prices, the Victorian government has
determined the allowed price increases as follows: 2004: 5%; for subsequent
years: the increases will equate to the Consumer Price Index.
Competition -- At present, the Victorian and New South Wales gas
retail markets are fully competitive. South Australia's business customers
are also fully competitive and its residential customers are expected to become
competitive in mid-2004.
15
Gas Supply Arrangements -- Approximately 90% of Victoria's current gas
requirements are sourced predominantly from Esso/BHP. This gas is supplied by
Esso/BHP to Gascor Pty Ltd under a contract entered into before privatization of
the gas industry in Victoria and which runs until 2009. Upon privatization of
the Victorian gas industry, Gascor Pty Ltd's entitlements under the contract
were allocated among the three new retailers, including TXU Australia. TXU
Australia has entitlements to approximately 47 Bcf per year. On
September 15, 2003, Gascor Pty Ltd was acquired by the three retailers in equal
shares, but this had no material impact on the entitlement of the retailers to
gas.
Gas requirements for Torrens Island are currently sourced from
Victoria through the SEA Gas pipeline from contracts primarily with Esso/BHP.
Supply of gas to Torrens Island is supplemented by gas supply from the Cooper
Basin in South Australia under a contract with Terra Gas Trader Pty Ltd., which
runs until 2011.
TXU Australia expects to conclude negotiations in 2004 for the
supply of approximately 853 Bcf from Esso/BHP to meet anticipated demand
requirements.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
---------------------
US
TXU Corp. is subject to extensive environmental regulation by
governmental authorities. In operating its facilities, TXU Corp. is
required to comply with numerous environmental laws and regulations, and to
obtain numerous governmental permits and approvals. If TXU Corp. fails to
comply with these requirements, it could be subject to civil or criminal
liability and fines. Existing environmental laws and regulations could be
revised or reinterpreted and new laws and regulations could be adopted or
become applicable to TXU Corp. or its facilities, including potential regulatory
and enforcement developments related to air emissions.
TXU Corp. may not be able to obtain or maintain all required
environmental regulatory approvals. If there is a delay in obtaining any
required environmental regulatory approvals or if TXU Corp. fails to obtain,
maintain or comply with the terms of any such approval, the operation of its
facilities could be stopped or become subject to additional costs. Further, at
some of TXU Corp.'s older facilities, including base load lignite and coal
plants, it may be uneconomical for TXU Corp. to install the necessary compliance
equipment, which may cause TXU Corp. to shut down those facilities.
In addition, TXU Corp. may be responsible for any on-site
liabilities associated with the environmental condition of facilities that it
has acquired, developed, or which have been used by vendors regardless of when
the liabilities arose and whether they are known or unknown. In connection with
acquisitions and sales of assets, TXU Corp. may obtain, or be required to
provide, indemnification against certain environmental liabilities. Another
party could fail to meet its indemnification obligations to TXU Corp.
Air -- Under the Texas Clean Air Act, the TCEQ has jurisdiction
over the permissible level of air contaminant emissions from, and the
requirements for issuing permits for, electricity generation, mining and gas
delivery facilities located within the State of Texas. The New Jersey Department
of Environmental Protection has jurisdiction over the emissions from TXU
Energy's generation facility in New Jersey. In addition, the new source
performance standards of the EPA promulgated under the Federal Clean Air Act, as
amended (Clean Air Act), are being implemented by the TCEQ, and are applicable
to certain electricity generation facilities and ancillary equipment. TXU
Energy's generation plants and mining equipment and TXU Gas'facilities operate
in compliance with applicable regulations, permits and emission standards
promulgated pursuant to these acts.
The Clean Air Act includes provisions which, among other things,
place limits on the sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions
produced by certain generation plants. In addition to the new source
performance standards applicable to SO2 and NOx, the Clean Air Act requires that
fossil-fueled plants have sufficient SO2 emission allowances and meet certain
NOx emission standards. TXU Energy's generation plants meet the SO2 allowance
requirements and NOx emission rates. In addition, the EPA recently proposed new
requirements calling for electricity generation facilities in 28 states and the
District of Columbia to further reduce emissions of NOx and SO2, with the first
phase beginning January 1, 2010. TXU Corp. will be required to make additional
emissions reductions and incur associated costs under this proposal if it is
finalized in its current form.
16
In January 2004, the EPA issued a proposed rule to regulate
mercury emissions from power plants with the expectation that a final rule will
be issued by December 2004 with an implementation date in 2008. Two different
regulatory approaches are considered in the announcement and the final form of
the rule is unknown. It is likely that some costs, which could be material, will
be incurred for installation of additional control equipment and for facility
operations and maintenance.
In addition, in 1999, the EPA promulgated National Emissions
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants that apply to certain TXU Gas facilities.
The EPA has also issued rules for controlling regional haze; the impact of these
rules is unknown at this time because the TCEQ has not yet implemented the
regional haze requirements.
The Bush Administration is addressing greenhouse gas emissions
through its greenhouse gas emissions intensity reduction Climate VISION program.
The Bush Administration and EPA have proposed the Clear Skies legislative
initiative calling for reductions of SO2, NOx, and mercury from electricity
generation facilities over a 15-year period. Some legislative proposals for
additional regulation of SO2, NOx, mercury and carbon dioxide recently have been
considered at the federal level and it is expected that additional similar
proposals will be made in the future. TXU Corp. continues to participate in a
voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction program and since 1995 has reported
the results of its program annually to the U.S. Department of Energy. TXU Corp.
is also participating in a new voluntary electric utility industry sector
climate change initiative in partnership with the Department of Energy.
TXU Corp. continues to assess the financial and operational risks posed by
future regulatory or policy changes pertaining to greenhouse gas emissions and
multiple emissions, but because these proposals are in the formative stages,
TXU Corp. is unable to predict their future impacts on the financial condition
and operations of TXU Corp.
Major air pollution control provisions of the 1999 Restructuring
Legislation required a 50% reduction in NOx emissions and a 25% reduction in SO2
emissions from "grandfathered" electric utility generation plants. The first
compliance period is for the year beginning May 1, 2003 through April 30, 2004.
TXU Energy has obtained all permits required for the "grandfathered" plants by
the 1999 Restructuring Legislation and has completed a construction program to
install control equipment to achieve the required reductions. TXU Corp.
anticipates that it will be in compliance with the requirements at the end of
the first compliance period.
In 2001, the Texas Clean Air Act was amended to require that
"grandfathered" facilities, other than electric utility generation plants,
apply for permits. TXU Energy, TXU Gas and Oncor anticipate that the permits
can be obtained for almost all of their "grandfathered" facilities without
significant effects on the costs of operating these facilities. It may be
necessary at one TXU Gas facility to spend approximately $6 million in the near
future to comply with this requirement.
The TCEQ has also adopted revisions to its State Implementation
Plan (SIP) rules that require an 89% reduction in NOx emissions from electricity
generation plants in the Dallas-Fort Worth ozone non-attainment area and a 51%
reduction in NOx emissions from electricity generation plants in East and
Central Texas. Full compliance is required by May 1, 2005. TXU Energy has
already made significant NOx emissions reductions to achieve the 51% reduction
requirements of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation, but anticipates that
additional reductions and/or modifications in plant operations will be required
to achieve the 89% reductions called for in the SIP rules. Additionally, the
TCEQ is expected to propose new SIP rules in 2004 to deal with 1-hour and
8-hour ozone standards. These rules could require further NOx emissions
reductions from certain TXU Energy facilities.
Water -- The TCEQ, the EPA and the RRC have jurisdiction over
water discharges (including storm water)from all domestic facilities. Facilities
of TXU Energy, TXU Gas and Oncor are presently in compliance with applicable
state and federal requirements relating to discharge of pollutants into the
water. TXU Energy, TXU Gas and Oncor hold all required waste water discharge
permits from the TCEQ and the RRC for facilities in operation and have applied
for or obtained necessary permits for facilities under construction. TXU Energy,
TXU Gas and Oncor believe they can satisfy the requirements necessary to obtain
any required permits or renewals. Recent changes to federal rules pertaining
to Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure Plans for oil-filled electrical
equipment and bulk storage facilities for oil will require updating of certain
facilities. TXU Gas and Oncor are unable to predict at this time the impact of
these changes. Clean Water Act Section 316(b) regulations pertaining to existing
water intake structures are being developed by the EPA with publication
scheduled for early 2004. TXU Energy is unable to predict at this time the
impacts of these regulations.
17
Other -- Diversion, impoundment and withdrawal of water for
cooling and other purposes are subject to the jurisdiction of the TCEQ. TXU
Energy possesses all necessary permits for these activities from the TCEQ for
its present operations.
Treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste are
regulated at the state level under the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act and at the
federal level under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as
amended, and the Toxic Substances Control Act. The EPA has issued regulations
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 and the Toxic
Substances Control Act, and the TCEQ and the RRC have issued regulations under
the Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act applicable to facilities of TXU Energy, TXU
Gas and Oncor. TXU Energy has registered solid waste disposal sites and has
obtained or applied for such permits as are required by such regulations.
Under the federal Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act of 1980,
as amended, the State of Texas is required to provide, either on its own or
jointly with other states in a compact, for the disposal of all low-level
radioactive waste generated within the state. The State of Texas has agreed to
a compact with the States of Maine and Vermont for a disposal facility that
would be located in Texas. That compact was ratified by Congress and signed by
the President in 1998. The State of Texas had proposed to license a disposal
site in Hudspeth County, Texas, but in October 1998, the TCEQ denied that
license application. In 2003, the State of Texas enacted legislation allowing a
private entity to be licensed to accept low-level radioactive waste for
disposal. TXU Energy intends to continue to ship low-level waste material
off-site for as long as an alternative disposal site is available. Should
existing off-site disposal become unavailable, the low-level waste material will
be stored on-site. TXU Energy's on-site storage capacity is expected to be
adequate until other off-site facilities become available. (See Power
Production - Nuclear Production Assets above.)
Environmental Capital Expenditures-- Capital expenditures for
TXU Energy's environmental projects were $27 million in 2003 and are expected to
be about $14 million in 2004. In 2003, Oncor's capital expenditures for
environmental matters totaled $2 million and TXU Gas' capital expenditures
totaled $220 thousand.
AUSTRALIA
TXU Australia is subject to various Australian federal and state
environmental regulations, the most significant of which are the Victorian
Environmental Protection Act of 1970 and the South Australian Environment
Protection Act of 1993. Both acts regulate, in particular, the discharge of
waste into air, land and water, site contamination, the emission of noise and
waste management. Both acts also established their respective state
Environmental Protection Authorities (Australia EPA) and grant the Australia EPA
a wide range of powers to control and prevent environmental pollution.
The Torrens Island electricity generation plant in South Australia
has a license to carry out activities of environmental significance, including
the discharge of warm cooling water into the marine environment, subject to
certain conditions. The conditions relate to temperature rise limit, temperature
monitoring and reporting obligations to the Australia EPA. TXU Australia has
complied with its license conditions.
In Victoria, no licenses or works approvals from the Australia EPA
are currently required for activities undertaken by the electricity delivery
operations. The gas storage operation has a license to carry out activities of
environmental significance including discharges to air and water subject to
certain conditions. TXU Australia has complied with its license conditions.
Through past acquisitions, TXU Australia holds certain properties
that are contaminated. Liabilities totaling $10 million have been recorded for
estimated costs of land reclamation and site restoration at these properties.
These costs may change if the extent of contamination is different than testing
indicated at the time of initial limited reviews. The Australia EPA has the
power to order TXU Australia to incur such costs to remedy the contamination of
land. TXU Australia also recorded a $7 million liability for land remediation
costs for its Torrens Island plant.
18
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Legal Proceedings -- On October 9, 2003, a lawsuit was filed in the
Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, against TXU Corp.,
by purported beneficial owners of approximately 39% of certain TXU Corp. equity-
linked securities issued in October 2001. The common stock purchase contracts
that are a part of these securities require the holders to purchase TXU Corp.
common stock on specified dates in 2004 and 2005 at prices that are above the
current market price of TXU Corp. common stock. The plaintiffs seek a
declaratory judgment that (a) a termination event has occurred under the common
stock purchase contract as a result of the administration of TXU Europe and,
therefore, that plaintiffs are not required to purchase TXU Corp. common stock
pursuant to the contracts and (b) an event of default has occurred under the
indenture for the senior notes that constitute a part of these equity linked
securities. Plaintiffs also seek an injunction requiring TXU Corp. to give
notice that a termination event under the common stock purchase contract has
occurred. TXU Corp. disputes plaintiffs' allegations and believes that
plaintiffs' interpretation of the common stock purchase contract and indenture
is inconsistent with the clear language of these agreements and is contrary to
applicable law. Therefore, TXU Corp. believes the claims are completely without
merit and intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit. On November 13, 2003, TXU
Corp. filed a motion to dismiss the action, and oral argument was held on
January 26, 2004. The court has not yet ruled on the motion, therefore,
TXU Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the outcome of this
action.
On July 7, 2003, a lawsuit was filed by Texas Commercial Energy
(TCE) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas,
Corpus Christi Division, against TXU Energy and certain of its subsidiaries, as
well as various other wholesale market participants doing business in ERCOT,
claiming generally that defendants engaged in market manipulation, in violation
of antitrust and other laws, primarily during the period of extreme weather
conditions in late February 2003. An amended complaint was filed on February 3,
2004 that joined additional, unaffiliated defendants. Three retail electric
providers have filed motions for leave to intervene in the action alleging
claims substantially identical to TCE's. In addition, approximately 25 purported
former customers of TCE have filed a motion to intervene in the action alleging
claims substantially identical to TCE's, both on their own behalf and on behalf
of a putative class of all former customers of TCE. TXU Corp. believes that it
has not committed any violation of the antitrust laws and the Commission's
investigation of the market conditions in late February 2003 has not resulted in
any findings adverse to TXU Energy. Accordingly, TXU Corp. believes that TCE's
and the interveners' claims against TXU Energy and its subsidiary companies are
without merit and TXU Energy and its subsidiaries intend to vigorously defend
the lawsuit. TXU Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the
outcome of this action.
On April 28, 2003, a lawsuit was filed by a former employee of TXU
Portfolio Management in the United States District Court for the Northern
District of Texas, Dallas Division, against TXU Corp., TXU Energy and TXU
Portfolio Management. Plaintiff asserts claims under Section 806 of
Sarbanes-Oxley arising from plaintiff's employment termination and claims for
breach of contract relating to payment of certain bonuses. Plaintiff seeks back
pay, payment of bonuses and alternatively, reinstatement or future compensation,
including bonuses. TXU Corp. believes the plaintiff's claims are without merit.
The plaintiff was terminated as the result of a reduction in force, not as a
reaction to any concerns the plaintiff had expressed, and plaintiff was not in a
position with TXU Portfolio Management such that he had knowledge or information
that would qualify the plaintiff to evaluate TXU Corp.'s financial statements or
assess the adequacy of TXU Corp.'s financial disclosures. Thus, TXU Corp. does
not believe that there is any merit to the plaintiff's claims under
Sarbanes-Oxley. Accordingly, TXU Corp., TXU Energy and TXU Portfolio Management
intend to vigorously defend the litigation. While TXU Corp., TXU Energy and
TXU Portfolio Management dispute the plaintiff's claims, TXU Corp. is unable to
predict the outcome of this litigation or the possible loss in the event of an
adverse judgment.
In November 2002 and February and March 2003, three lawsuits were
filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas
asserting claims under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) on
behalf of a putative class of participants in and beneficiaries of various
employee benefit plans of TXU Corp. These ERISA lawsuits have been consolidated,
and a consolidated complaint was filed on February 3, 2004 against TXU Corp.,
the directors of TXU Corp., Erle Nye, Peter B. Tinkham, Kirk R. Oliver,
Biggs C. Porter, Diane J. Kubin, Barbara B. Curry and Richard Wistrand. The
plaintiffs seek to represent a class of participants in such employee benefit
plans during the period between April 26, 2001 and July 11, 2002. While TXU
Corp. believes the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend
the lawsuit, it is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the outcome
of this consolidated action.
19
On March 10, 2003, a lawsuit was filed by Kimberly P. Killebrew in
the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Lufkin
Division, against TXU Corp. and TXU Portfolio Management, asserting generally
that defendants engaged in manipulation of the wholesale electric market, in
violation of antitrust and other laws. This case has been transferred to the
Beaumont Division of the Eastern District of Texas. This action is brought by
an individual, alleged to be a retail consumer of electricity, on behalf of
herself and as a proposed representative of a putative class of retail
purchasers of electricity that are similarly situated. On September 15, 2003,
defendants filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit and a motion to transfer the
case to the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division. TXU Corp. believes that
the plaintiff lacks standing to assert any antitrust claims against TXU Corp. or
TXU Portfolio Management, and that defendants have not violated antitrust laws
or other laws as claimed by the plaintiff. Therefore, TXU Corp. believes that
plaintiff's claims are without merit and plans to vigorously defend the lawsuit.
TXU Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the outcome of this
action.
On October 23, 2002, a derivative lawsuit was filed by a purported
shareholder on behalf of TXU Corp. in the 116th Judicial District Court of
Dallas County, Texas, against TXU Corp., Erle Nye, Michael J. McNally,
David W. Biegler, J.S. Farrington, William M. Griffin, Kerney Laday, Jack E.
Little, Margaret N. Maxey, J.E. Oesterreicher, Charles R. Perry and Herbert
H. Richardson. The plaintiff alleges breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of
control, mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and breach of the duties
of loyalty and good faith. The named individual defendants are current or
former officers and/or directors of TXU Corp. No amount of damages has been
specified. Furthermore, plaintiffs in such suit have failed to make a demand
upon the directors as is required by law, and this case is currently stayed.
Therefore, TXU Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the
outcome of this action.
In October, November and December 2002 and January 2003, a number
of lawsuits were filed in, removed to or transferred to the United States
District Court for the Northern District of Texas against TXU Corp., and certain
of its officers. These lawsuits have all been consolidated and lead plaintiffs
have been appointed by the Court. On July 21, 2003, the lead plaintiffs filed an
amended consolidated complaint naming Erle Nye, Michael J. McNally, V.J. Horgan
and Brian N. Dickie and directors Derek C. Bonham, J.S. Farrington, William M.
Griffin, Kerney Laday, Jack E. Little, Margaret N. Maxey, J.E. Oesterreicher,
Herbert H. Richardson and Charles R. Perry, as defendants. The plaintiffs seek
to represent classes of certain purchasers of TXU Corp. common stock and
equity-linked debt securities during a proposed class period from April 26, 2001
to October 11, 2002. No class or classes have been certified. The complaint
alleges violations of the provisions of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated
thereunder, and Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(Securities Act), relating to alleged materially false and misleading
statements, including statements in prospectuses related to the offering by
TXU Corp. of its equity-linked debt securities and common stock in May and June
2002. On September 24, 2003, TXU Corp. and its officer and director defendants
filed a motion to dismiss to plaintiffs' Amended Complaint. The plaintiffs have
filed their response to the motion and the defendants have filed their reply
brief, however, the court has not yet ruled on the motion to dismiss. The named
individual defendants are current or former officers and/or directors of TXU
Corp. While TXU Corp. believes the claims are without merit and intends to
vigorously defend this lawsuit, it is unable to estimate any possible loss or
predict the outcome of this action.
Other Contingencies - In October 2003, the former directors and
officers of TXU Europe Limited and subsidiaries that are now in administration
(collectively TXU Europe), who include current and former officers of TXU Corp.
and subsidiary companies, received notices from certain creditors and the
administrators of TXU Europe of various claims or potential claims relating to
losses incurred by creditors, including claims for alleged omissions from a
securities offering document and alleged breaches by directors of their English
law duties as directors of these companies in failing to minimize the potential
losses to the creditors of TXU Europe. Under the terms of the indemnification
agreements and bylaw and charter provisions that provide for indemnification of
corporate officers and directors, TXU Corp. or one of its subsidiaries will be
obligated to indemnify these persons from these and similar claims, unless it is
determined that the corporate officer's acts were committed in bad faith, were
the result of active and deliberate dishonesty or that the corporate officer
personally gained a financial profit to which he was not legally entitled.
Similar claims have been asserted directly against TXU Corp., as well. TXU Corp.
believes that these claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend
any such claims if they are ultimately asserted.
General -- In addition to the above, TXU Corp. is involved in
various other legal and administrative proceedings the ultimate resolution of
which, in the opinion of TXU Corp., should not have a material effect, upon its
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
20
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF TXU CORP.
Positions and Date First Elected
Offices Presently to Present Offices
Held (Current Term (Current Term
Expires Expires Business Experience
Name of Officer Age on May 21, 2004) on May 21, 2004) (Preceding Five Years)
- ---------------------- ------- --------------------- ---------------------- -------------------------------
Erle Nye 66 Chairman of the February 23, 2004 Chairman of the Board of TXU Corp.;
Board prior thereto, Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive of
TXU Corp.
C. John Wilder 45 President and Chief February 23, 2004 President and Chief Executive of
Executive TXU Corp.; prior thereto, Executive
Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer of Entergy Corporation.
T. L. Baker 58 Executive Vice February 21, 2003 Executive Vice President of TXU Corp.
President and President and Chief Executive
of TXU Energy; prior thereto, Executive
Vice President of TXU Corp., and
President of TXU Energy; prior thereto,
Vice Chairman of Oncor and TXU Gas;
prior thereto, President of Oncor
and TXU Gas; prior thereto, President
of TXU Electric Company; prior thereto,
President, Electric Service Division of
TXU Electric Company and TXU Gas
Distribution of TXU Gas.
H. Dan Farell 54 Executive Vice February 21, 2003 Executive Vice President and
President and Chief Chief Financial Officer of
Financial Officer TXU Corp.; prior thereto,
President of TXU Gas; prior
thereto, President of TXU
Electric Company; prior
thereto, Executive Vice
President of TXU Electric
Company.
Michael J. McNally 49 Executive Vice February 21, 2003 Executive Vice President of
President TXU Corp.; prior thereto,
Executive Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer
of TXU Corp.
Eric H. Peterson 43 Executive Vice May 9, 2002 Executive Vice President and
President and General Counsel of TXU
General Counsel Corp.; prior thereto,
Senior Vice-President and
General Counsel for DTE
Energy; prior thereto,
partner in the law firm of
Worsham, Forsythe &
Wooldridge.
There is no family relationship between any of the above-named Executive
Officers.
21
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
TXU Corp.'s common stock is listed on the New York, Chicago
and Pacific stock exchanges (symbol: TXU). The price range of the common stock
of TXU Corp., as reported by Bloomberg, and the dividends paid during each of
the calendar quarters of 2003 and 2002 were as follows:
Price Range Dividends Paid
-------------------------------------------- --------------
Quarter Ended 2003 2002 2003 2002
- ------------- -------------------- -------------- ---- ----
High Low High Low
---- --- ---- ---
March 31......................... $20.37 $15.00 $55.20 $ 46.27 $0.125 $ .60
June 30.......................... 22.87 17.54 57.05 48.81 0.125 .60
September 30..................... 23.70 19.58 51.85 33.65 0.125 .60
December 31...................... 23.96 20.87 40.99 10.10 0.125 .60
------ -------
$ 0.50 $ 2.40
====== =======
Under Texas law, TXU Corp. may only declare dividends out of
surplus, which is statutorily defined as total shareholders' equity less the
book value of common stock (stated capital). The write-off of TXU Corp.'s
investment in TXU Europe in 2002 (see Note 3 to Financial Statements) resulted
in negative surplus. Texas law permits, subject to the receipt of shareholder
approval, the reclassification of stated capital into surplus. TXU Corp.
received such shareholder approval of this reclassification in a special meeting
of shareholders held February 14, 2003. Accordingly, approximately $8.0 billion
was reclassified from stated capital to additional paid-in capital, resulting in
an increase of surplus in the same amount. Surplus at December 31, 2003 was $5.6
billion.
TXU Corp., or its predecessor TEI, have declared common stock
dividends payable in cash in each year since TEI's incorporation in 1945. The
Board of Directors of TXU Corp., at its February 2004 meeting, declared a
quarterly dividend of $0.125 a share, payable April 1, 2004 to shareholders of
record on March 5, 2004. Future dividends may vary depending upon TXU Corp.'s
profit levels, operating cash flow levels and capital requirements as well as
financial and other business conditions existing at the time.
Dividends in 2003 were non-taxable distributions, or returns of
capital.
The number of record holders of the common stock of TXU Corp. as of
March 8, 2004 was 64,226.
Oncor's mortgage restricts its payment of dividends to the amount
of its retained earnings. Certain other debt instruments and preferred
securities of TXU Corp.'s subsidiaries contain provisions that restrict payment
of dividends during any interest or distribution payment deferral period or
while any payment default exists. At December 31, 2003, there were no
restrictions on the payment of dividends under these provisions.
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The information required hereunder for TXU Corp. is set forth
under Selected Financial Data included in Appendix A to this report.
22
Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The information required hereunder for TXU Corp. is set forth under
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations included in Appendix A to this report.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information required hereunder for TXU Corp. is set forth in
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations included in Appendix A to this report.
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information required hereunder for TXU Corp. is set forth under
Statement of Responsibility, Independent Auditors' Report, Statements of
Consolidated Income, Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income, Statements
of Consolidated Cash Flows, Consolidated Balance Sheets, Statements of
Consolidated Shareholders' Equity and Notes to Financial Statements included in
Appendix A to this report.
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the
participation of TXU Corp.'s management, including the principal executive
officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and
operation of the disclosure controls and procedures in effect as of December 31,
2003. Based on the evaluation performed, TXU Corp.'s management, including the
principal executive officer and principal financial officer, concluded that the
disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
There have been no significant changes in TXU Corp.'s internal
controls over financial reporting for its continuing operations that have
occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or
is reasonably likely to materially affect, TXU Corp.'s internal control over
financial reporting.
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information with respect to this item is found under the
headings Election of Directors, Independence of Directors, Meetings of the Board
and Its Committees, Corporate Governance Documents and Section 16(a) Beneficial
Ownership Reporting Compliance in the definitive proxy statement to be filed by
TXU Corp. with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about April 5, 2004.
Additional information with respect to Executive Officers of TXU Corp. is found
at the end of Part I.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information with respect to this item is found under the headings
Election of Directors, Compensation of Directors and Executive Compensation in
the definitive proxy statement to be filed by TXU Corp. with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on or about April 5, 2004.
23
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table presents information concerning stock-based
compensation plans as of December 31, 2003.(See Note 11 to Financial
Statements.)
(c)
Number of shares
(a) (b) remaining available for
Number of shares to Weighted-average future issuance under
be issued upon exercise exercise price of equity compensation plans
of outstanding options, outstanding options, (excluding securities
warrants and rights warrants and rights reflected in column (a)
------------------- ------------------- --------------------------
Stock compensation plans approved by
shareholders...................... 23,674(1) $24.50 6,768,437(2)
Stock compensation plans not - - 71,108(3)
approved by shareholders ......... ------ ------- ----------
Total........................ 23,674 $24.50 6,839,545
====== ====== =========
(1) Amount relates exclusively to outstanding stock options assumed by TXU
Corp. in connection with its 1997 merger with ENSERCH Corporation (now
TXU Gas Company) that were exchanged for options for TXU Corp. common
stock (TXU Gas Option Plan).
(2) Represents shares under the TXU Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan.
(See Note 11 to Financial Statements for further descriptions.)
(3) Represents shares under the TXU Australia Employee Share Plan described
below.
TXU Gas Option Plan -- As part of the acquisition of ENSERCH Corporation
(now TXU Gas) by TXU Corp., options to purchase shares of ENSERCH Corporation
common stock that were granted under the ENSERCH Corporation 1991 Stock
Incentive Plan were converted into options to purchase shares of TXU Corp.
common stock. All options were granted on or before August 5, 1997, and expire
on the tenth anniversary of their grant date. No further options may be granted
under this plan. TXU Corp. has reserved for issuance under this plan a
sufficient number of shares of common stock for delivery upon exercise of the
outstanding options.
The material features of each TXU Corp. stock-based compensation plan that
has not been approved by shareholders are described below.
TXU Australia Employee Share Plan -- TXU Australia has an Employee Share
Plan, introduced in 2001, which is available to Australia-based directors and
employees of TXU Australia with at least three months of service at the
beginning of each six-month offering period starting on January 1 and July 1.
Employees who elect to participate in this plan enroll and re-enroll for
six-month offer periods and purchase TXU Corp. common stock at a 15% discount
from the TXU Corp. stock price, based on the lower of the fair market value on
the first business day of the offering period or the fair market value on a
nominated date just prior to final contributions for the relevant offering
period. Participants may elect between a tax exempt option or a tax deferred
option. At the end of each offering period, participants may elect to continue,
change their contribution amounts or exit the plan. As of December 31, 2003,
participants were eligible to purchase 28,892 shares of TXU Corp. common stock.
TXU Europe Sharesave Plan -- With the exiting of the TXU Europe business,
the rights of participants in the TXU Europe Sharesave Plan to purchase TXU
Corp. common stock expired in May 2003.
Summary -- Other information with respect to this item is found under the
heading Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock of the Company in the definitive
proxy statement to be filed by TXU Corp. with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on or about April 5, 2004.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
None.
24
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information with respect to this item is found under the
heading Selection of Auditors in the definitive proxy statement to be filed by
TXU Corp. with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about April 5, 2004.
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
Page
----
(a) Documents filed as part of this Report:
Financial Statements (included in Appendix A to this report):
Selected Financial Data .............................................................. A- 2
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations........................................................ A- 4
Statement of Responsibility........................................................... A-62
Independent Auditors' Report.......................................................... A-63
Statements of Consolidated Income for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2003................................................... A-64
Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2003................................ A-65
Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2003............................................... A-66
Consolidated Balance Sheets, December 31, 2003 and 2002............................... A-67
Statements of Consolidated Shareholders' Equity for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2003............................................... A-68
Notes to Financial Statements......................................................... A-70
The consolidated financial statement schedules are omitted
because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or
because the required information is included in the consolidated financial
statements or notes thereto.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K filed or furnished since September 30, 2003, are as
follows:
Date Item
---- ----
October 27, 2003 Item 12. Results of Operations and Financial Condition
November 5, 2003 Item 12. Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Regulation FD Disclosure
January 16, 2004 Item 5. Other Events and Regulation FD Disclosure
February 12, 2004 Item 12. Results of Operations and Financial Condition
February 23, 2004 Item 5. Other Events and Regulation FD Disclosure
February 25, 2004 Item 5. Other Events and Regulation FD Disclosure
March 1, 2004 Item 9. Regulation FD Disclosure
25
(c) Financial Statements of Significant Unconsolidated 50% or Less Owned Entity
The information required hereunder for Pinnacle One
Partners, L.P. (Pinnacle) for the years ended December 31, 2002 and
2001, is included in Appendix C to this report. For the years ended
December 31, 2002 and 2001, Pinnacle was an unconsolidated entity, the
financial statements of which are required to be filed pursuant to the
provisions of Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, such requirement arising
because of the significance of financial results related to Pinnacle as
compared to TXU Corp.'s consolidated financial results for the 2002
period. For the year ended December 31, 2003, Pinnacle's financial
results are included in TXU Corp.'s consolidated financial results as
discontinued operations.
(d) Exhibits:
Included in Appendix B to this report.
26
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, TXU Corp. has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
TXU CORP.
Date: March 12, 2004 By: /s/ C. JOHN WILDER
-----------------------------------------------
(C. John Wilder, President and Chief Executive)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of TXU Corp. and
in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
/s/ C. JOHN WILDER Principal Executive March 12, 2004
- -------------------------------------------------------- Officer and Director
(C. John Wilder, President and Chief Executive)
/s/ H. DAN FARELL Principal Financial Officer March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(H. Dan Farell, Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer)
/s/ DAVID H. ANDERSON Principal Accounting Officer March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(David H. Anderson, Controller )
/s/ ERLE NYE Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(Erle Nye, Chairman of the Board)
/s/ DEREK C. BONHAM Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(Derek C. Bonham)
/s/ E. GAIL DE PLANQUE Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(E. Gail de Planque)
/s/ WILLIAM M. GRIFFIN Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(William M. Griffin)
/s/ KERNEY LADAY Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(Kerney Laday)
/s/ JACK E. LITTLE Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(Jack E. Little)
/s/ J. E. OESTERREICHER Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(J. E. Oesterreicher)
/s/ MICHAEL W. RANGER Director March 12, 2004
- --------------------------------------------------------
(Michael W. Ranger)
/s/ HERBERT H. RICHARDSON Director March 12, 2004
- -----------------------------------------------------
(Herbert H. Richardson)
27
Appendix A
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO FINANCIAL INFORMATION
December 31, 2003
Page
Selected Financial Data - Consolidated Financial Statistics................................. A-2
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations....... A-4
Statement of Responsibility................................................................. A-62
Independent Auditors' Report................................................................ A-63
Financial Statements:
Statements of Consolidated Income........................................................ A-64
Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income.......................................... A-65
Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows.................................................... A-66
Consolidated Balance Sheets.............................................................. A-67
Statements of Consolidated Shareholders' Equity.......................................... A-68
Notes to Financial Statements............................................................ A-70
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
----- ------- ------- ------- -----
(Millions of US Dollars, except ratios)
Operating revenues....................................... $11,008 $ 9,896 $9,890 $9,493 $7,970
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary
loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting
principles.............................................. $ 737 $ 182 $ 569 $ 673 $ 693
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
effect................................................. $ (97) $(4,258) $ 165 $ 243 $ 292
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect (a) ............... $ - $ (134) $ (57) $ - $ -
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles,
net of tax benefit (a).................................. $ (58) $ - $ - $ - $ -
Preference stock dividends............................... $ 22 $ 22 $ 22 $ 12 $ -
Net income (loss) available for common stock............. $ 560 $(4,232) $ 655 $ 904 $ 985
Common stock data (millions):
Basic shares outstanding - average....................... 322 278 259 264 279
Diluted shares outstanding - average..................... 379 278 259 264 279
Shares outstanding - end of year ........................ 324 322 265 258 276
Basic earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary
loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting
principles (a) ....................................... $ 2.22 $ 0.58 $ 2.11 $ 2.51 $ 2.48
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of
tax effect............................................. $ (0.30) $(15.33) $ 0.63 $ 0.92 $ 1.05
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect (a) .............. $ - $ (0.48) $ (0.22) $ - $ -
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles,
net of tax benefit (a)............................... $ (0.18) $ - $ - $ - $ -
Net income (loss) available for common stock............. $ 1.74 $(15.23) $ 2.52 $ 3.43 $ 3.53
Diluted earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary
loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting
principles(a).......................................... $ 2.03 $ 0.58 $ 2.11 $ 2.51 $ 2.48
Income (loss) from discontinued operations,
net of tax effect...................................... $ (0.26) $(15.33) $ 0.63 $ 0.92 $ 1.05
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect (a) ............... $ - $ (0.48) $(0.22) $ - $ -
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles,
net of tax benefit (a)................................ $ (0.15) $ - $ - $ - $ -
Net income (loss) available for common stock............. $ 1.62 $(15.23) $ 2.52 $ 3.43 $ 3.53
Dividends declared per share............................. $ 0.50 1.925 2.400 $ 2.400 $ 2.325
Book value per share - end of year....................... $ 17.34 14.80 28.88 $ 28.97 $ 30.15
Return on average common stock equity (a) (b)............ 14.6% 3.3% 7.8% 8.7% 8.4%
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges....................... 1.98 1.28 1.75 1.86 1.94
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges
and preference dividends............................... 1.93 1.24 1.70 1.83 1.94
See notes on page A-3.
A-2
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (CONT.)
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
----- ------- ------- ------- -----
(Millions of US Dollars, except ratios)
Total assets - end of year................................... $31,686 $31,405 $42,598 $45,377 $41,259
Property, plant & equipment - net - end of year.............. 20,920 19,981 19,662 19,396 19,466
Capital expenditures...................................... 956 1,003 1,243 1,032 998
Capitalization - end of year
Equity-linked debt securities............................. $1,440 $1,440 $1,350 $ 700 $ 700
Exchangeable subordinated notes (c)....................... - 639 - - -
Long-term debt held by subsidiary trusts (d).............. 546 546 547 1,423 1,423
All other long-term debt, less amounts due currently...... 10,884 9,514 9,570 7,883 8,611
Exchangeable preferred membership interest (c)............ 646 - - - -
Preferred stock of subsidiaries:
Not subject to mandatory redemption................... 113 190 190 190 190
Subject to mandatory redemption....................... - 21 21 21 21
Common stock repurchasable under equity forward contracts. - - - 190 -
Preference stock.......................................... 300 300 300 300 -
Common stock equity....................................... 5,619 4,766 7,656 7,476 8,334
------- ------ ------ ------- ------
Total............................................... $19,548 $17,416 $19,634 $18,183 $19,279
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Capitalization ratios - end of year
Equity-linked debt securities............................. 7.4% 8.3% 6.9% 3.9% 3.6%
Exchangeable subordinated notes........................... - 3.7 - - -
Long-term debt held by subsidiary trusts.................. 2.8 3.1 2.8 7.8 7.4
All other long-term debt, less amounts due currently...... 55.7 54.6 48.7 43.3 44.7
Exchangeable preferred membership interests............... 3.3 - - - -
Preferred stock of subsidiaries........................... .6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1
Common stock repurchasable under equity forward contracts. - - - 1.0 -
Preference stock.......................................... 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 -
Common stock equity....................................... 28.7 27.4 39.0 41.1 43.2
------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Total............................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
======= ====== ====== ====== ======
Notes payable................................................ $ 97 $2,324 $1,914 $2,379 $2,596
Long-term debt due currently................................. 677 958 866 1,844 877
Embedded interest cost on long-term debt - end of year (e)... 6.5% 6.9% 6.2% 7.5% 6.9%
Embedded interest cost on long-term debt held by subsidiary
trusts..................................................... 6.4% 7.8% 7.8% 9.8% 8.1%
Embedded dividend cost on preferred stock of subsidiaries -
end of year (f)............................................ 9.7% 6.5% 6.5% 7.0% 7.0%
(a) See Results of Operations in MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS. Amounts for 2002 and 2001 reflect reclassifications in
accordance with the implementation of SFAS 145. See Note 1 to Financial
Statements.
(b) Based on results from continuing operations.
(c) Exchanged for preferred membership interest in 2003. Amount is presented
net of discount.
(d) The subsidiary financing trusts were deconsolidated in accordance with
FIN 46. Amounts are subordinated to other long-term debt. (See Note 10 to
Financial Statements.)
(e) Represents the annual interest using year-end rate for variable rate
debt and reflecting effects of interest rate swaps and amortization of any
discounts, premiums, issuance costs and any deferred gains/losses on
reacquisitions divided by the carrying value of the debt plus or minus the
unamortized balance of any discounts, premiums, issuance costs and
gains/losses on reacquisitions at the end of the year.
(f) Includes the unamortized balance of the loss on reacquired preferred stock
and associated amortization. The embedded dividend cost excluding
the effects of the loss on reacquired preferred stock is 6.0% for 2002,
6.0% for 2001, 6.2% for 2000 and 6.2% for 1999.
Certain previously reported financial statistics have been reclassified to
conform to current classifications.
Prior year periods have been restated to reflect certain operations as
discontinued operations. (See Note 3 to Financial Statements.)
See Note 2 to Financial Statements for proforma amounts relating to adoption of
SFAS 143.
A-3
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
BUSINESS
Use of the term "TXU Corp.," unless otherwise noted, refers to
TXU Corp., a holding company, and/or its consolidated subsidiaries.
TXU Corp. engages in power production (electricity generation), retail and
wholesale sales of electricity and natural gas, and the transmission and
distribution of electricity and natural gas. In the competitive energy
operations, TXU Corp. engages in hedging and risk management activities. TXU
Corp. is a holding company that conducts its US operations through US Holdings
and TXU Gas. US Holdings is also a holding company that conducts its principal
operations through TXU Energy and Oncor. TXU Corp.'s principal international
operations are conducted through TXU Australia.
TXU Corp. has three reportable segments: Energy, Energy Delivery and
Australia. (See Note 19 to Financial Statements for further information
concerning reportable business segments.)
Changes in Business
- -------------------
Discontinued Businesses - Prior to October 2002, TXU Corp. conducted
international operations through TXU Europe. At that time, a substantial portion
of the business was sold. In 2002, TXU Corp. recorded a $4.2 billion charge
principally to write off its investment in TXU Europe. The write-off was
recorded without tax benefit. A tax benefit to earnings of up to $983 million
could be recognized if uncertainties regarding the deductibility of the
write-off are favorably resolved. See Note 3 to Financial Statements for
additional discussion.
In January 2004, TXU Corp. entered into an agreement to sell its
telecommunications business for $527 million. The business was formerly a joint
venture and has been consolidated since March 1, 2003.
In December 2003, TXU Energy finalized a formal plan to sell its strategic
retail services business, which is engaged principally in providing energy
management services.
In January 2004, TXU Corp. sold its majority interest in a small natural
gas distribution business in Mexico for $11 million.
The consolidated financial statements for all years presented reflect the
reclassification of the results of these businesses (for the periods they were
consolidated) as discontinued operations.
See Note 3 to Financial Statements for more detailed information about
discontinued operations.
A-4
Exchange Rates
The following exchange rates have been used to convert foreign currency
denominated amounts into US dollars, unless they were determined using exchange
rates on the date of a specific event:
Income Statement
Balance Sheet (average for year
(at December 31,) ended December 31,)
------------------------ -------------------------------
2003 2002 2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Australian dollars (A$) .......... $0.7495 $0.5650 $0.6525 $0.5441 $0.5182
All dollar amounts in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations and the tables therein, except per share
amounts, are stated in millions of US dollars unless otherwise indicated.
MANAGEMENT'S CHALLENGES AND INITIATIVES
Management Change
- -----------------
On February 23, 2004, C. John Wilder was named president and chief
executive of TXU Corp. Mr. Wilder was formerly executive vice president and
chief financial officer of Entergy Corporation. Mr. Wilder is in the process
of reviewing the operations of TXU Corp. and formulating strategic initiatives.
This review is expected to take up to six months. Upon completion, TXU Corp.
expects to fully describe the results of the review and subsequent actions
intended to improve the financial performance of its operations.
Areas to be reviewed include:
o Performance in competitive markets, including profitability in
new markets
o Cost structure, including organizational alignments and headcount
o Management of natural gas price risk
o Non-core business activities
If any new strategic initiatives are undertaken, TXU Corp.'s financial
results could be materially affected.
Competitive Markets
- -------------------
In the Texas market, 2003 was the second full year of competitive
activity, and that activity has impacted customer counts and sales volumes. The
area representing the historical service territory prior to deregulation,
largely in north Texas, consisted of approximately 2.8 million consumers
(measured by meter counts) as of year-end of 2003. TXU Energy currently has
approximately 2.4 million customers in that territory and has acquired
approximately 200,000 customers in other competitive areas in Texas. Total
customer counts declined 4% in 2003 and 0.5% in 2002. Retail sales volumes
declined 12% in 2003 and 9% in 2002, reflecting competitive activity in the
business market segment and to a lesser extent in the residential market. While
wholesale sales volumes have increased significantly, gross margins have been
compressed by the loss of the higher-margin retail volumes. TXU Energy intends
to aggressively compete, in terms of price and customer service, in all segments
of the retail market, both within and outside the historical service territory.
In particular, TXU Energy anticipates regaining volumes in the large business
market, reflecting contracting activity in late 2003. Because of the customer
service and marketing costs associated with entering markets outside of the
historical service territory, TXU Corp. has experienced operating losses in
these new markets. TXU Corp. expects to be profitable in these markets as the
customer base grows and economies of scale are achieved, but uncertainties
remain and objectives may not be achieved.
A-5
Effect of Natural Gas Prices
- -----------------------------
Wholesale electricity prices in the Texas market generally move with the
price of natural gas because marginal demand is met with gas-fired generation
plants. Natural gas prices increased significantly in 2003, but historically the
price has moved up and down due to the effects of weather, industrial demand,
supply availability and other economic factors. Consequently, sales price
management and hedging activities are critical in achieving targeted gross
margins. TXU Energy continues to have price flexibility in the large business
market and effective January 1, 2004, has price flexibility in the small
business market, including the historical service territory. With respect to
residential customers in the historical service territory, TXU Energy is subject
to regulated "price-to-beat" rates, but such rates can be adjusted up or down
twice a year at TXU Energy's option, subject to approval by the Commission,
based on changes in natural gas prices. The challenge in adjusting these rates
is determining the appropriate timing, considering past and projected movements
in natural gas prices, such that targeted margins can be achieved while
remaining competitive with other retailers who have price flexibility. TXU
Energy increased the price-to-beat rates twice in 2003, and these actions
combined with unregulated price increases and hedging activities essentially
offset higher costs of energy sold as compared to 2002.
In its portfolio management activities, TXU Energy enters into physical
and financial energy-related (power and natural gas) contracts to hedge gross
margins. TXU Energy hedges prices of anticipated power sales against falling
natural gas prices and, to a lesser extent, hedges costs of energy sold against
rising natural gas prices. The results of hedging and risk management activities
can vary significantly from one reporting period to the next as a result of
market price movements on the values of hedging instruments. Such activity
represents an effective management tool to reduce cash gross margin risk over
time. The challenge, among others, with these activities is managing the
portfolio of positions in a market in which prices can move sharply in a short
period of time.
One of TXU Energy's cost advantages, particularly in a time of rising
natural gas prices, is its nuclear-powered and coal/lignite-fired generation
assets. Variable costs of this "base load" generation, which provided
approximately 50% of sales volumes in 2003, have in recent history been, and are
expected to be, less than the costs of gas-fired generation. Consequently,
maintaining the efficiency and reliability of the base load assets is of
critical importance in managing gross margin risk. Completing scheduled
maintenance outages at the nuclear-powered facility on a timely basis, for
example, is a critical management process. Because of the correlation of power
and natural gas prices in the Texas market, structural decreases or increases in
natural gas prices that are sustained over a multi-year period result in a
correspondingly lower or higher value of TXU Corp.'s base load generation
assets.
Operating Costs and SG&A Expenses
- ---------------------------------
With the transition from a fully regulated environment to competition in
the retail and wholesale electricity markets, TXU Corp. continues to seek
opportunities to enhance productivity, reduce complexity and improve the
effectiveness of its operating processes. Such efforts are balanced against the
need to maintain the reliability, efficiency, and security of its electricity
and gas delivery infrastructure and generation fleet. Cost reduction initiatives
have resulted in lower headcounts, the exiting of marginal business activities
and reduced discretionary spending. Total operating costs and SG&A expenses in
TXU Energy's continuing operations declined $149 million, or 10%, in 2003. These
costs include TXU Corp. corporate expenses allocated to TXU Energy. While upward
cost pressures are expected for competitive sales and marketing initiatives,
customer care and support activities, and employee and retiree benefits,
increasing productivity levels will continue to be a management priority.
In the regulated US electricity and gas delivery businesses, upward cost
pressures, such as rising employee benefits expenses, have been mitigated by
efficiency enhancements. Reported operating cost increases in those businesses
were largely offset by revenues specific to those cost drivers.
A-6
Regulated Businesses
- --------------------
TXU Corp.'s electricity and gas delivery businesses in the US are subject
to regulation by Texas authorities. The Oncor electricity delivery business
provides delivery services to REPs who sell electricity to retail customers;
consequently, Oncor has no commodity supply or price risk. Oncor operates in a
favorable regulatory environment, as evidenced by a regulatory provision that
allows Oncor to annually update its transmission rates to reflect changes in
invested capital. This provision encourages investment in the transmission
system to help ensure reliability and efficiency by allowing for timely recovery
and return on new transmission investments. Oncor has only one
transmission-related rate case pending.
The substantial majority of TXU Gas' business is subject to regulated
transmission and distribution rates. Gas costs are passed through to customers;
therefore, margins are driven by the delivery service rates and volumes sold.
Results of the business are seasonal and significantly impacted by weather. A
key initiative therefore is to establish service rates that are adequate to
ensure a reasonable return and meet growing demands for gas services. In May
2003, TXU Gas, for the first time, filed a system-wide distribution rate case
for all 437 cities served. If successful, the rate case would result in an
annual increase in revenues of approximately $70 million. A final regulatory
order is expected in the second quarter of 2004. TXU Gas also expects to utilize
new legislative provisions that permit timely recovery of investments in
infrastructure.
TXU Australia
- -------------
The Australian operations represented approximately 10% of TXU Corp.'s
revenues and 14% of ongoing earnings (before extraordinary items and
discontinued operations) in 2003. Australia's reported results in 2003 benefited
from the translation effect of the stronger Australian dollar as well as growth
on a local currency basis. Similar to the US operations, the Australian business
includes a mix of competitive and regulated operations involving electricity
generation, retail sales and delivery as well as natural gas retail sales,
delivery and storage, all largely in the states of Victoria and South Australia.
Retail electricity markets have recently become competitive, and TXU Australia
has been successful in driving volume growth, particularly in the business
segment. Wholesale electricity prices have declined due to mild weather and
increased generation capacity, and the ultimate effect of a sustained reduction
is uncertain. However, in 2003, the effect of such lower prices resulted in
improved profitability in retail operations that more than offset a decline in
the wholesale business. TXU Corp. is considering various options with respect to
its investment in TXU Australia, one of which is a possible local initial public
offering of additional common stock by TXU Australia to support growth
opportunities.
Liquidity and Capital Structure
- -------------------------------
TXU Corp. believes that it has adequate liquidity, as represented by $2.5
billion in undrawn credit facility availability and $875 million in cash on
hand as of year-end 2003. The majority of the facilities expire in 2005 but are
expected to be renewed.
With its large retail sales base, TXU Corp. generates operating cash flows
anticipated to approximate $1.7 to $2.0 billion annually in the near term.
Working capital management is critical in maintaining these cash flows. In the
transition to competition during 2002, TXU Corp. experienced unfavorable working
capital changes as data compilation and reconciliation issues among ERCOT and
the market participants impacted the timeliness of billings and, as a result,
slowed cash collections. These issues have lessened in significance, but
refinements in credit and collection policies and processes remain a priority.
The operating cash flows exceed capital expenditure needs and dividend payments
and therefore allow for the reduction of debt.
The net reduction in short-term borrowings, preferred securities of
subsidiaries and long-term debt totaled $2.2 billion(1) in 2003. This amount
includes repayments of $250 million in debt of the telecommunications holding
company. A portion of this reduction was funded by cash on hand, which declined
$698 million to $875 million at year-end 2003. Redemption of the remaining $560
million of debt in 2004 related to the telecommunications business is expected
to be largely funded by proceeds from the sale of the business anticipated to be
A-7
completed in the first half of 2004. Other debt repayments in 2004 are expected
to total approximately $1.0 billion. Oncor issued $500 million of securitization
bonds in 2003 and expects to issue approximately $790 million in additional such
bonds in the first half of 2004. These bonds relate to regulatory asset stranded
costs and were issued under regulatory order. Proceeds from the bonds were, and
will be, used to retire debt. Because the bond principal and interest payments
are secured by the collection of rate surcharges by Oncor, the debt is excluded
from TXU Corp.'s capitalization by credit rating agencies. Total debt to
capitalization, including short-term debt and securitization bonds, was 67% and
74% at year end 2003 and 2002, respectively. Reducing debt and strengthening
the balance sheet remains a management priority.
(1)For purposes of this calculation, debt balances are reduced by
financing-related restricted cash of $525 million and $210 million at
year-end 2003 and 2002, respectively, and the increase in debt in 2003
due to currency translation of $379 million.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
TXU Corp.'s significant accounting policies are detailed in Note 1 to
Financial Statements. TXU Corp. follows accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America. In applying these accounting policies in the
preparation of TXU Corp.'s consolidated financial statements, management is
required to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the
reporting and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates
and revenue and expense during the periods covered. The following is a summary
of certain critical accounting policies of TXU Corp. that are impacted by
judgments and uncertainties and for which different amounts might be reported
under a different set of conditions or using different assumptions.
Financial Instruments and Mark-to-Market Accounting -- TXU Corp. enters
into financial instruments, including options, swaps, futures, forwards and
other contractual commitments primarily to hedge market risks related to changes
in commodity prices as well as changes in interest rates and foreign currency
exchange rates. These financial instruments are accounted for in accordance with
SFAS 133 as well as, prior to October 26, 2002, EITF 98-10. The majority of
financial instruments entered into by TXU Corp. and used in hedging activities
are derivatives as defined in SFAS 133.
SFAS 133 requires the recognition of derivatives in the balance sheet, the
measurement of those instruments at fair value and the recognition in earnings
of changes in the fair value of derivatives. This recognition is referred to as
"mark-to-market" accounting. SFAS 133 provides exceptions to this accounting if
(a) the derivative is deemed to represent a transaction in the normal course of
purchasing from a supplier and selling to a customer, or (b) the derivative is
deemed to be a cash flow or fair value hedge. In accounting for cash flow
hedges, derivative assets and liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet at
fair value with an offset in other comprehensive income. Amounts are
reclassified from other comprehensive income to earnings as the underlying
transactions occur and realized gains and losses are recognized in earnings.
Fair value hedges are recorded as derivative assets or liabilities with an
offset to the carrying value of the related asset or liability. Any hedge
ineffectiveness related to cash flow and fair value hedges is recorded in
earnings.
TXU Corp. documents designated commodity, debt-related and other hedging
relationships, including the strategy and objectives for entering into such
hedge transactions and the related specific firm commitments or forecasted
transactions. TXU Corp. applies hedge accounting in accordance with SFAS 133 for
these non-trading transactions, providing the underlying transactions remain
probable of occurring. Effectiveness is assessed based on changes in cash flows
of the hedges as compared to changes in cash flows of the hedged items. In its
risk management activities, TXU Corp. hedges future electricity revenues using
natural gas instruments; such cross-commodity hedges are subject to
ineffectiveness calculations that can result in mark-to-market gains and losses.
Pursuant to SFAS 133, the normal purchase or sale exception and the cash
flow hedge designation are elections that can be made by management if certain
strict criteria are met and documented. As these elections can reduce the
volatility in earnings resulting from fluctuations in fair value, results of
operations could be materially affected by such elections.
A-8
Interest rate and currency swaps entered into in connection with
indebtedness to manage interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks
are accounted for as cash flow hedges if the swap converts rates from variable
to fixed and are accounted for as fair value hedges if the swap converts rates
from fixed to variable.
EITF 98-10 required mark-to-market accounting for energy-related
contracts, whether or not derivatives under SFAS 133, that were deemed to be
entered into for trading purposes as defined by that rule. The majority of
commodity contracts and energy-related financial instruments entered into by TXU
Corp. to manage commodity price risk represented trading activities as defined
by EITF 98-10 and were therefore marked-to-market. On October 25, 2002, the EITF
rescinded EITF 98-10. Pursuant to this rescission, only financial instruments
that are derivatives under SFAS 133 are subject to mark-to-market accounting.
In June 2002, in connection with the EITF's consensus on EITF 02-3
additional guidance on recognizing gains and losses at the inception of a
trading contract was provided. In November 2002, this guidance was extended to
all derivatives. As a result, effective in 2003, TXU Corp. discontinued
recording mark-to-market gains on inception of energy contracts. See discussion
below in Results of Operations - "Commodity Contracts and Mark-to-Market
Activities."
Mark-to-market accounting recognizes changes in the value of financial
instruments as reflected by market price fluctuations. In the energy market, the
availability of quoted market prices is dependent on the type of commodity
(e.g., natural gas, electricity, etc.), time period specified and location of
delivery. In computing the mark-to-market valuations, each market segment is
split into liquid and illiquid periods. The liquid period varies by region and
commodity. Generally, the liquid period is supported by broker quotes and
frequent trading activity. In illiquid periods, little or no market information
may exist, and the fair value is estimated through market modeling techniques.
For those periods where quoted market prices are not available, forward
price curves are developed based on the available information or through the use
of industry accepted modeling techniques and practices based on market
fundamentals (e.g., supply/demand, replacement cost, etc.). TXU Corp. does not
recognize income or loss from the illiquid periods unless credible price
discovery exists.
TXU Corp. recorded net unrealized losses arising from mark-to-market
accounting, including hedge ineffectiveness, of $128 million and $108 million in
2003 and 2002, respectively. The 2003 amount excludes the cumulative effect of
changes in accounting principles discussed in Note 2 to Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition -- TXU Corp. records revenue for retail and wholesale
energy sales under the accrual method. Retail electric and gas revenues are
recognized when the commodity is provided to customers on the basis of periodic
cycle meter readings and include an estimated accrual for the value of the
commodity consumed from the meter reading date to the end of the period. The
unbilled revenue is calculated at the end of the period based on estimated daily
consumption after the meter read date to the end of the period. Estimated daily
consumption is derived using historical customer profiles adjusted for weather
and other measurable factors affecting consumption. Electricity delivery
revenues are recognized when delivery services are provided to customers on the
basis of periodic cycle meter readings and include an estimated accrual for the
delivery fee value of electricity provided from the meter reading date to the
end of the period. Unbilled revenues reflected in accounts receivable totaled
$612 million and $644 million at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses from transacting in
energy-related contracts, principally for the purpose of hedging margins on
sales of energy, are reported as a component of revenues. As discussed above
under "Financial Instruments and Mark-to-Market Accounting," recognition of
unrealized gains and losses involves a number of assumptions and estimates that
could have a significant effect on reported revenues and earnings.
Accounting for Contingencies -- The financial results of TXU Corp. may be
affected by judgments and estimates related to loss contingencies. Accruals for
loss contingencies are recorded when management determines that it is probable
that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and that such
economic loss can be reasonably estimated. Such determinations are subject to
interpretations of current facts and circumstances, forecasts of future events
and estimates of the financial impacts of such events.
A-9
A significant contingency that TXU Corp. accounts for is the loss
associated with uncollectible trade accounts receivable. The determination of
such bad debts expense is based on factors such as historical write-off
experience, agings of accounts receivable balances, changes in operating
practices, regulatory rulings, general economic conditions and customers'
behaviors. With the opening of the Texas electricity market to competition, many
historical measures used to estimate bad debt experience may be less reliable.
The changing environment, including recent regulatory changes that allow REPs in
their historical service territories to disconnect non-paying customers, and
customer churn due to competitor actions has added a level of complexity to the
estimation process. Bad debt expense totaled $133 million, $171 million and $84
million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
In connection with the opening of the Texas market to competition, the
Texas Legislature established a retail clawback provision intended to incent
affiliated REPs of utilities to actively compete for customers outside their
historical service territories. A retail clawback liability arises unless 40% of
the electricity consumed by residential and small business customers in the
historical service territory is supplied by competing REPs after the first two
years of competition. This threshold was reached for small business customers in
2003, but not for residential customers. The amount of the liability is equal to
the number of such customers retained by TXU Energy as of January 1, 2004, less
the number of new customers from outside the historical service territory,
multiplied by $90. The credit, which will be funded by TXU Energy, will be
applied to delivery fees charged by Oncor to REPs, including TXU Energy, over a
two-year period beginning January 1, 2004. In 2002, TXU Energy recorded a charge
to cost of energy sold and delivery fees of $185 million ($120 million
after-tax) to accrue an estimated retail clawback liability. In 2003, TXU Energy
reduced the liability to $173 million, with a credit to cost of energy sold and
delivery fees of $12 million ($8 million after-tax), to reflect the calculation
of the estimated liability applicable only to residential customers in
accordance with the Settlement Plan.
In 2002, TXU Corp.'s telecommunications business, then an unconsolidated
joint venture, recorded impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill (see
discussion below under "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets" and "Goodwill and
Intangible Assets"). Consequently, TXU Corp. evaluated its potential obligations
related to the partnership arrangement. TXU Corp. determined that it was
probable, in light of the decline in value of the business, that an economic
loss had occurred, and accordingly recorded a charge of $150 million (without
tax benefit) in 2002, reported in other deductions.
ERCOT Settlements - ERCOT's responsibilities include the balancing and
settlement of electricity volumes and related ancillary services among the
various participants in the deregulated Texas market. ERCOT settles balancing
energy with market participants through a load and resource imbalance charge or
credit for any differences between actual and scheduled volumes. Ancillary
services and various fees are allocated to market participants based on each
participant's load.
Settlement information is due from ERCOT within two months after the
operating day, and true-up settlements are due from ERCOT within twelve months
after the operating day. The ERCOT settlement process has been delayed several
times to address operational data management problems between ERCOT, the
transmission and distribution service providers and the REPs. These operational
data management issues are related to new processes and systems associated with
opening the ERCOT market to competition, which have continued to improve.
True-up settlements have been received for 2002, but true-up settlements for the
year 2003 are currently scheduled to start on June 1, 2004. All periods continue
to be subject to a dispute resolution process.
As a result of the delay in the ERCOT settlements and the normal time lags
described above, TXU Energy's operating revenues and costs of energy sold
contain estimates for load and resource imbalance charges or credits with ERCOT
and for ancillary services and related fees that are subject to change and may
result in charges or credits impacting future reported results of operations.
The amounts recorded represent the best estimate of these settlements based on
available information. During 2003, TXU Energy recorded a net expense of $20
million to adjust amounts previously recorded for 2002 and 2001 ERCOT
settlements.
A-10
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets -- TXU Corp. evaluates long-lived assets
for impairment whenever indications of impairment exist, in accordance with the
requirement of SFAS 144. One of those indications is a current expectation that
"more likely than not" a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of
significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The
determination of the existence of this and other indications of impairment
involves judgments that are subjective in nature and in some cases requires the
use of estimates in forecasting future results and cash flows related to an
asset or group of assets. Further, the unique nature of TXU Corp.'s property,
plant and equipment, which includes a fleet of generation assets using different
fuels and individual plants that have varying utilization rates, requires the
use of significant judgments in determining the existence of impairment
indications and grouping assets for impairment testing.
In 2002, TXU Corp. recorded an impairment charge of $237 million ($154
million after-tax) for the writedown of two generation plant construction
projects as a result of weaker wholesale electricity market conditions and
reduced planned developmental capital spending. Fair value was determined based
on appraisals of property and equipment. The charge is reported in other
deductions.
Also, in 2002, TXU Corp.'s telecommunications business, then an
unconsolidated joint venture, recorded impairments of long-lived assets, of
which TXU Corp. recognized its share, $28 million ($18 million after-tax). The
charge is reported in other deductions as part of equity in losses of
unconsolidated entities.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets -- TXU Corp. evaluates goodwill for
impairment at least annually (as of October 1) in accordance with SFAS 142. The
impairment tests performed are based on discounted cash flow analyses. Such
analyses require a significant number of estimates and assumptions regarding
future earnings, working capital requirements, capital expenditures, discount
rate, terminal year growth factor and other modeling factors. No goodwill
impairment has been recognized for consolidated reporting units reflected in
results from continuing operations.
In 2002, TXU Corp.'s telecommunications business, then an unconsolidated
joint venture, recorded a goodwill impairment charge, of which TXU Corp.
recognized its share, $9 million ($6 million after-tax). The charge was reported
in other deductions as part of equity in losses of unconsolidated entities.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities -- The financial statements of TXU
Corp.'s regulated businesses, primarily its Texas electricity and gas delivery
operations, reflect regulatory assets and liabilities under cost-based rate
regulation in accordance with SFAS 71. As a result of the 1999 Restructuring
Legislation, application of SFAS 71 to the generation operations was
discontinued in 1999. The assumptions and judgments used by regulatory
authorities continue to have an impact on the recovery of costs, the rate earned
on invested capital and the timing and amount of assets to be recovered by
rates. (See discussion in Note 1 to Financial Statements under "Regulatory
Assets and Liabilities.")
Approximately $1.8 billion in regulatory asset stranded costs arising
prior to the 1999 Restructuring Legislation became subject to recovery through
issuance of transition (securitization) bonds in accordance with the Settlement
Plan with the Commission as described in Note 16 to Financial Statements. As a
result of the final approval of the Settlement Plan in January 2003, TXU Corp.
recorded an extraordinary loss of $134 million (net of income tax benefit of $72
million) in the fourth quarter of 2002 principally to write down this regulatory
asset. The carrying value of the regulatory asset after the write down
represented the estimated future cash flows to be recovered from REPs, through
a delivery fee surcharge, to service the principal and interest of
the bonds. The carrying value of the regulatory asset is subject to further
adjustment, which would be recorded as an extraordinary item, as the remaining
portion (approximately $790 million) of the securitization bonds will be issued
in 2004.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans --
TXU Corp. offers pension benefits through various defined benefit pension plans
and also offers certain health care and life insurance benefits to eligible
employees and their eligible dependents upon the retirement of such employees
from TXU Corp. Reported costs of providing non-contributory defined pension
benefits and other postretirement benefits are dependent upon numerous factors,
assumptions and estimates. (See Note 13 to Financial Statements for information
regarding retirement plans and other postretirement benefits.)
A-11
These costs are impacted by actual employee demographics (including age,
compensation levels and employment periods), the level of contributions made to
retiree plans and earnings on plan assets. TXU Corp.'s retiree plan assets are
primarily made up of equity and fixed income investments. Changes made to the
provisions of the plans may also impact current and future benefit costs.
Fluctuations in actual equity market returns as well as changes in general
interest rates may result in increased or decreased benefit costs in future
periods. Benefit costs may also be significantly affected by changes in key
actuarial assumptions, including anticipated rates of return on plan assets and
the discount rates used in determining the projected benefit obligation.
In accordance with accounting rules, changes in benefit obligations
associated with these factors may not be immediately recognized as costs on the
income statement, but are recognized in future years over the remaining average
service period of plan participants. As such, significant portions of benefit
costs recorded in any period may not reflect the actual level of cash benefits
provided to plan participants. TXU Corp. recorded pension expense of $49 million
and $8 million and income of $11 million for the years ended December 31, 2003,
2002 and 2001, respectively, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 87. Other
postretirement benefit expense recorded in accordance with SFAS 106 totaled $100
million, $84 million and $68 million for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002
and 2001, respectively.
During 2003, key assumptions of the US pension and other postretirement
benefit plans were revised, including decreasing the assumed discount rate in
2003 from 6.75% to 6.25% to reflect current interest rates. The expected rate of
return on pension plan assets remained at 8.5%, but declined to 8.01% from 8.26%
for the other postretirement benefit plan assets. In selecting assumed discount
rates, TXU Corp. considered fixed income security yield rates for AA rated
portfolios as reported by Moody's. In selecting an assumed rate of return on
plan assets, TXU Corp. considers past performance and economic forecasts for the
types of investments held by the plan. (See Note 13 to Financial Statements.)
Total asset values for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans
increased $358 million in 2003 and declined $221 million and $84 million in 2002
and 2001, respectively. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and
Modernization Act of 2003 (the Medicare Act) was enacted in December 2003. TXU
Corp. elected to begin recognition of the federal subsidy under the Medicare
Act, which resulted in a $2 million reduction of benefit expense in 2003.
Accounting rules currently allow for such recognition, but specific guidance for
the federal subsidy is pending, and may result in deferral of the effect of the
subsidy.
Reported pension and other postretirement benefit costs for US plans are
expected to increase in 2004 by approximately $16 million. This projected
expense increase is net of an estimated benefit of $23 million related to the
Medicare Act. The total benefit obligations of the pension and other
postretirement benefit plans increased by $199 million as a result of the change
in the discount rate. Further, based on the current assumptions and available
information, funding requirements related to the US pension and other
postretirement plans are expected to increase approximately $24 million to $115
million in 2004. Benefit costs and cash funding requirements could increase in
future years.
As a result of the pension plan asset return experience, at December 31,
2002, TXU Corp. recognized a minimum pension liability as prescribed by SFAS 87.
The liability, which totaled $128 million ($83 million after-tax), was recorded
as a reduction to shareholders' equity through a charge to Other Comprehensive
Income. At December 31, 2003, the minimum pension liability reflects a reduction
of $82 million ($54 million after-tax) as a result of improved returns on the
plan assets. The changes in the minimum pension liability do not affect net
income.
A-12
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The results of operations and the related management's discussion of those
results for all periods presented reflect the discontinuance of certain
operations of TXU Corp. (see Note 3 to Financial Statements regarding
discontinued operations) and the reclassifications of losses in 2002 and 2001 on
early extinguishments of debt from extraordinary loss to other deductions in
accordance with SFAS 145. (See Note 1 to Financial Statements.)
Accounting Changes - In October 2002, the EITF, through EITF 02-3,
rescinded EITF 98-10, which required mark-to-market accounting for all trading
activities. Pursuant to this rescission, only financial instruments that are
derivatives under SFAS 133 are subject to mark-to-market accounting. Effective
January 1, 2003, non-derivative energy contracts were required to be accounted
for on a settlement basis. SFAS 143, regarding asset retirement obligations,
became effective on January 1, 2003. As a result of the implementation of these
two accounting standards, TXU Corp. recorded a cumulative effect of changes in
accounting principles as of January 1, 2003 of a net charge of $58 million. (See
Note 2 for a discussion of the impacts of these two accounting standards.)
See Note 1 to Financial Statements for discussion of other changes in
accounting standards.
TXU Corp. Consolidated
- ----------------------
2003 compared to 2002
- ---------------------
Reference is made to comparisons of results by business segment following
the discussion of consolidated results. The business segment comparisons provide
additional detail and quantification of items affecting financial results.
TXU Corp.'s operating revenues increased $1.1 billion, or 11%, to $11.0
billion in 2003. Revenues in the Energy Delivery segment rose by $456 million,
or 15%, to $3.4 billion driven by higher gas costs passed on to customers and
increased electricity transmission and distribution tariffs. Operating revenues
rose $304 million, or 4%, to $8.0 billion in the Energy segment reflecting
higher retail and wholesale pricing, partially offset by the effect of a mix
shift to lower-price wholesale sales and lower sales volumes. Revenues in the
Australia segment increased $243 million, or 28%, to $1.1 billion driven by the
translation effect of the stronger Australian dollar ($185 million) and higher
retail electricity and gas volumes. Consolidated revenue growth also reflected a
$111 million reduction in the intercompany sales elimination, primarily
reflecting lower sales by Oncor to TXU Energy as sales to nonaffiliated REPs
increased.
Net gains from hedging and risk management activities, which are reported
in revenues and include both realized and unrealized gains and losses, declined
$189 million to $60 million in 2003. Changes in these results reflect market
price movements on commodity contracts entered into to hedge gross margin; the
comparison to 2002 also reflects a decline in US activities in markets outside
Texas and a 2002 contract termination gain in Australia. Results from these
activities include net unrealized losses arising from mark-to-market accounting
of $128 million in 2003 and $108 million in 2002.
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------
% of % of
2003 Revenue 2002 Revenue
---- ------- ---- -------
Operating revenues..................................... $11,008 100% $ 9,896 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............. 4,947 45% 4,087 41%
Operating costs................................... 1,665 15% 1,592 16%
Depreciation and amortization related to operating
assets........................................ 806 7% 791 8%
------- ----- ------- -------
Gross margin........................................... $ 3,590 33% $ 3,426 35%
======= ===== ======= =======
A-13
Gross margin is considered a key operating metric as it measures the
effect of changes in sales volumes and pricing versus the variable and fixed
costs of energy sold, whether generated or purchased, as well as the costs to
deliver energy.
The depreciation and amortization expense included in gross margin
excludes $80 million and $77 million of such expense for the years ended
December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, related to assets that are not
directly used in the generation and delivery of energy.
Gross margin increased $164 million, or 5%, to $3.6 billion in 2003. An
increase in the Australia segment's margin of $85 million, or 27%, to $401
million reflected the stronger Australian dollar, the effect of higher retail
electricity sales volumes and lower purchased power costs. The Energy Delivery
segment's gross margin increased $78 million, or 6%, to $1.4 billion reflecting
higher electricity and gas delivery rates and the effect of increased gas prices
on revenue-based taxes. The Energy segment's gross margin increased $12 million,
or 1%, to $1.8 billion. The gross margin comparison was favorably impacted by
$197 million due to regulatory-related retail clawback accrual adjustments (a
$185 million charge, $120 million after-tax, in 2002 and a $12 million credit in
2003). The balance of the Energy segment's gross margin change reflected a 12%
decline in retail sales volumes, partially offset by lower depreciation expense
as described immediately below.
Depreciation and amortization (including amounts shown in the gross margin
table above) increased $18 million, or 2%, to $886 million in 2003, reflecting
investments in delivery facilities to support growth and normal replacements of
equipment and the start of amortization of regulatory assets associated with
securitization bonds issued in 2003. These effects were partially offset by a
$37 million impact of lower depreciation related to TXU Energy's generation
fleet due primarily to an extension of the estimated depreciable life of the
nuclear generation facility to better reflect its useful life.
SG&A expense decreased $105 million, or 9%, to $1.1 billion in 2003. This
decrease was driven by the Energy segment and reflected lower staffing and
related administrative expenses arising from cost reduction and productivity
enhancing initiatives and a focus on activities in the Texas market.
Franchise and revenue-based taxes decreased $22 million, or 5%, to $456
million in 2003, due primarily to lower retail revenues on which gross receipts
taxes are based.
Other income increased $31 million to $82 million in 2003. Net gains on
sales of businesses and properties totaled $46 million in 2003 and $35 million
in 2002. The 2003 period also includes $23 of unrealized foreign exchange gains
on an Australian dollar denominated note receivable. See Note 20 to Financial
Statements under Other Income and Deductions for additional detail.
Other deductions decreased $531 million to $46 million in 2003. The 2002
period includes a $237 million ($154 million after-tax) writedown of an
investment in generation plant construction projects and $187 million ($174
million after-tax) in charges related to the telecommunications business, then
an unconsolidated joint venture (Pinnacle). The charges related to Pinnacle
include $37 million ($24 million after-tax) for TXU Corp.'s share of the joint
venture's impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill and a $150 million
charge (without tax benefit) to record TXU Corp.'s obligations under the
partnership agreement arising from the decline in value of the business. Ongoing
equity losses (excluding impairment charges in 2002) related to Pinnacle, also
reported in other deductions, were $17 million in 2003 and $67 million in 2002.
The decline primarily reflected the consolidation of the business effective
March 2003. (See Notes 3 and 17 to Financial Statements.) Other deductions in
2002 included $63 million ($41 million after-tax) in losses on retirement of
debt. See Note 20 to Financial Statements under Other Income and Deductions for
additional detail.
Interest income rose $13 million, or 42%, to $44 million in 2003. The
increase primarily reflected interest income on higher cash balances due to
actions taken in late 2002 to ensure ample liquidity, as well as interest
received on restricted cash balances held as collateral for a US credit facility
and to support funding of construction of a natural gas pipeline in Australia by
a joint venture.
A-14
Interest expense and related charges increased $93 million, or 11%, to
$975 million in 2003, reflecting an $81 million increase due to higher average
interest rates resulting in part from the replacement of short-term borrowings
with higher rate long-term debt, a $4 million increase due to higher average
borrowings and a $8 million increase due to the full-year effect of the
amortization of the discount on the TXU Energy exchangeable subordinated notes
issued in 2002. (The notes were subsequently exchanged by TXU Energy for
exchangeable preferred membership interests.)
The effective income tax rate on income from continuing operations before
extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles was
29.9% in 2003 and 35.2% in 2002. The decrease reflected the absence of tax
benefit on a portion of the 2002 charge related to the Pinnacle joint venture,
partially offset by the effect of comparable tax benefit amounts of depletion
allowances and amortization of investment tax credits on a higher income base in
2003. (See Note 12 to Financial Statements for an analysis of the effective tax
rate.)
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and cumulative
effect of changes in accounting principles increased $555 million to $737
million in 2003. This performance reflected an increase of $174 million, or 55%,
to $493 million in the Energy segment, reflecting impairment charges in 2002
related to generation plant construction projects ($154 million) and accrual of
the retail clawback credit ($120 million), lower gross margin and higher
interest expense, partially offset by reduced SG&A expenses. Earnings in the
Energy Delivery segment increased $71 million, or 31%, to $299 million driven by
higher gross margin and the effect of a $23 million debt extinguishment loss in
2002 in the gas business. Earnings in the Australia segment rose $28 million, or
38%, to $102 million reflecting the translation benefit of a stronger Australian
dollar ($16 million) and improved gross margin. Corporate and other expenses
declined $282 million, reflecting a charge in 2002 of $174 million related to
the Pinnacle joint venture and $50 million in lower ongoing equity losses
related to Pinnacle; the balance of the decrease reflected lower interest
expense on lower debt levels and the effect of an $18 million loss on retirement
of debt in 2002. Net pension and postretirement benefit costs reduced income
from continuing operations by $80 million in 2003 and $51 million in 2002.
Loss from discontinued operations was $97 million in 2003, primarily
reflecting the telecommunications and the strategic retail services businesses,
and $4.3 billion in 2002, primarily reflecting the write-off of the investment
of the Europe business in 2002. (See Note 3 to Financial Statements.)
An extraordinary loss of $134 million (net of income tax benefit of $72
million) in 2002 principally represents the writedown of the regulatory assets
subject to recovery through the issuance of securitization bonds. (See Note 4 to
Financial Statements.)
A cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, representing an
after-tax charge of $58 million in 2003, reflects the impact on commodity
contract mark-to-market accounting from rescission of EITF 98-10 and the
recording of asset retirement obligations under SFAS 143. (See Note 2 to
Financial Statements.)
Diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders from
continuing operations before extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of changes
in accounting principles increased $1.45 to $2.03 per share in 2003. Basic
average common shares outstanding increased 16% to 322 million reflecting new
issuances of 35 million shares in December 2002 and 11.8 million shares in June
2002. An additional 8.4 million shares were issued in August 2002 related to
equity-linked debt securities originally issued in 1998. A total of 57 million
dilutive shares relate to the $750 million exchangeable preferred membership
interests originally issued as subordinated notes in November 2002. For the
diluted earnings per share calculation, $53 million in after-tax distributions
and discount amortization related to these securities is added back to net
income.
A-15
TXU Corp. Consolidated
- ----------------------
2002 compared to 2001
- ---------------------
TXU Corp.'s operating revenues were essentially even at $9.9 billion in
both years. Revenues in the Energy Delivery segment fell by $569 million or 16%,
reflecting declines in both the electricity and gas delivery businesses of $320
million and $249 million, respectively. The electricity delivery decline was due
primarily to allocations of business activity in unbundling the former electric
utility business (as required by the opening of the Texas market to
competition). Certain revenues allocated to electric delivery operations in 2001
are reflected in the Energy segment's revenues in 2002, reflecting changes in
responsibility for activities associated with the revenues. The decline in gas
delivery revenue reflected lower gas prices. Revenues in the Energy segment
increased by $287 million, or 4%, due primarily to significantly higher
wholesale sales volumes and the effects of unbundling allocations, partially
offset by the effect of a 9% decline in retail electricity sales volumes,
reflecting the opening of the Texas market to competition. Operating revenues
rose $160 million in the Australia segment reflecting increased retail
electricity sales volumes in the business market, higher pricing and the effect
of changes in foreign currency translation rates ($40 million). Consolidated
revenues also reflected a $131 million reduction in the intercompany sales
elimination, primarily reflecting lower sales by Oncor to TXU Energy as sales to
nonaffiliated REPs increased.
Net gains from hedging and risk management activities, which are reported
in revenues and include both realized and unrealized gains and losses, declined
$203 million to $249 million in 2002. Changes in these results reflect market
price movements on commodity contracts entered into to hedge gross margin.
Results from these activities included net unrealized losses of $108 million in
2002 and net unrealized gains of $323 million in 2001 arising from
mark-to-market accounting.
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
% of % of
2002 Revenue 2001 Revenue
---- ------- ---- -------
Operating revenues..................................... $ 9,896 100% $ 9,890 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............. 4,087 41% 4,134 42%
Operating costs................................... 1,592 16% 1,490 15%
Depreciation and amortization related to operating
assets........................................ 791 8% 749 8%
------- ----- -------- ------
Gross margin........................................... $ 3,426 35% $ 3,517 35%
======= ===== ======== ======
The depreciation and amortization expense included in gross margin
excludes $77 million and $32 million of such expense for the years ended
December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, related to assets that are not
directly used in the generation and delivery of energy.
Gross margin decreased $91 million, or 3%, to $3.4 billion in 2002. This
decline reflected a $185 million ($120 million after-tax) accrual for
regulatory-related retail clawback and higher operating costs, partially offset
by the net favorable effect of lower average costs of energy sold, higher retail
pricing and lower results from hedging and risk management activities.
SG&A expense increased $273 million, or 29%, to $1.2 billion in 2002. The
increase was driven by higher staffing and other administrative expenses
associated with expanded retail sales and wholesale portfolio management
operations, as well as higher bad debt expense, all due largely to the opening
of the Texas electricity market to competition. With the completion of the
transition to competition in Texas, the industry-wide decline in portfolio
management activities, the exit of the business in Europe and the expected
deferral of deregulation of energy markets in other states, TXU Corp. initiated
several cost savings actions in 2002. Such actions resulted in $31 million ($21
million after-tax) in severance charges in 2002, which contributed to the
increase in SG&A expense.
A-16
Franchise and revenue-based taxes decreased $51 million, or 10%, to $478
million in 2002. This decline was due to the effect of lower retail revenues on
which state and local gross receipts taxes are assessed.
Other income increased $5 million to $51 million in 2002. The 2002 period
includes $35 million of gains on disposition of property. The 2001 period
includes $18 million from a settlement of a gas purchase contract, $9 million of
gains on disposition of property and $4 million of earnings from investments in
unconsolidated subsidiaries.
Other deductions increased $246 million to $577 million in 2002. The 2002
period includes a $237 million ($154 million after-tax) writedown of an
investment in generation plant construction projects and $187 million ($174
million after-tax) in charges related to the Pinnacle telecommunications joint
venture. These charges include $37 million ($24 million after-tax) for TXU
Corp.'s share of the joint venture's impairments of long-lived assets and
goodwill. TXU Corp. also recorded a $150 million charge (without tax benefit)
related to the decline in value of the business. Other deductions in 2002 also
included $67 million in ongoing equity losses (excluding impairment charges)
from the joint venture and $63 million ($41 million after-tax) in losses on the
early extinguishment of debt. The 2001 period includes $149 million in losses on
the early extinguishment of debt under the debt restructuring and refinancing
plan pursuant to the requirements of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation, a
recoverable charge of $73 million related to the regulatory restructuring of the
Texas electricity market, a $22 million nonrecoverable regulatory asset
write-off pursuant to a regulatory order and losses on sales of properties of
$12 million. The 2001 period also includes $53 million in equity losses from the
Pinnacle joint venture. In accordance with the Pinnacle agreement and in
consideration of cumulative losses of the joint venture since its formation, in
2002 TXU Corp. began to absorb 100%, rather than its 50% share, of losses of the
venture, which accounts for the $14 million increase in ongoing equity losses in
2002.
Interest income declined $51 million, or 62%, to $31 million in 2002, due
largely to the recovery of under-collected fuel revenue on which interest income
had been accrued under regulation in Texas in 2001.
Interest expense and other charges decreased $83 million, or 9%, to $882
million in 2002, reflecting a $100 million decrease due to lower interest rates,
an $11 million increase due to higher debt levels and an $8 million increase due
to lower capitalized interest.
Goodwill amortization of $43 million in 2001 ceased in 2002, reflecting
the discontinuance of goodwill amortization pursuant to the adoption of SFAS
142.
The effective income tax rate on income from continuing operations before
extraordinary loss was 35.2% in 2002 compared to 29.3% in 2001. The increase
reflected the absence of tax benefit on a portion of the charge related to the
Pinnacle joint venture, partially offset by the effect of comparable tax benefit
amounts of depletion allowances and amortization of investment tax credits on a
lower income base in 2002.
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and cumulative
effect of changes in accounting principles decreased $387 million, or 68%, to
$182 million in 2002. This performance reflected a decline of $258 million in
the Energy segment, reflecting the writedown of generation projects of $154
million, the accrual of regulatory-related retail clawback of $120 million and
the severance charges of $21 million. Corporate and other activities declined by
$187 million, reflecting charges of $174 million related to the decline in value
of the telecommunications joint venture. These declines were partially offset by
growth of $55 million in the Australia segment and $3 million in the Energy
Delivery segment. Net pension and postretirement benefit costs reduced net
income by $51 million in 2002 and $28 million in 2001.
Basic and diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders from
continuing operations before extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of changes
in accounting principles decreased $1.53, or 73%, to $0.58 per share in 2002. As
discussed above, net income performance in 2002 benefited from the absence of
goodwill amortization ($43 million, or $0.16 per share, in 2001). Basic and
diluted average common shares outstanding increased 7% to 278 million reflecting
new issuances of 35 million shares in December 2002 and 11.8 million shares in
June 2002 as well as 8.4 million shares issued in August 2002 related to
equity-linked debt securities originally issued in 1998.
A-17
The loss from discontinued operations primarily reflected the $3.9 billion
write-off of the investment in TXU Europe. Discontinued operations also
reflected the operating results of TXU Europe as well as the strategic retail
services and Mexico operations. (See Note 3 to Financial Statements.) Also
included is a charge of $15 million (net of income tax benefit of $8 million) in
2002 to write-down the investment in the Mexico operations.
Extraordinary loss in 2002 reflected a $134 million (net of income tax
benefit of $72 million) charge, principally to write down regulatory assets
related to securitization bonds to be issued in accordance with the Settlement
Plan. The extraordinary loss in 2001 of $57 million (net of $63 million income
tax benefit) consisted of net charges related to the Settlement Plan to resolve
all major open issues related to the transition to deregulation. (See Note 4 to
Financial Statements).
Commodity Contracts and Mark-to-Market Activities
- -------------------------------------------------
The table below summarizes the changes in commodity contract assets and
liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001. The net
changes in these assets and liabilities, excluding "cumulative effect of change
in accounting principle" and "other activity" as described below, represent the
net effect of recording unrealized gains/(losses) under mark-to-market
accounting for positions in the commodity contract portfolio. These positions
consist largely of economic hedge transactions, with speculative trading
representing a small fraction of the activity.
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Balance of net commodity contract assets at beginning of year. $297 $511 $170
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (1)....... (75) - -
Settlements of positions included in the opening balance (2).. (143) (233) (53)
Unrealized mark-to-market valuations of positions held at
end of period (3)........................................... (21) 166 372
Other activity (4)............................................ 32 (147) 22
------ ----- ------
Balance of net commodity contract assets at end of year ...... $ 90 $297 $511
===== ==== ====
- -------------------------
(1) Represents a portion of the pre-tax cumulative effect of the
rescission of EITF 98-10 (see Note 2 to Financial Statements).
(2) Represents unrealized mark-to-market valuations of these positions
recognized in earnings as of the beginning of the period.
(3) A change in valuation technique in the Australia business resulted
in an unrealized gain of $6 million in 2003. Includes $14 million in
origination gains recognized in 2002 related to nonderivative
wholesale contracts.
(4) Includes initial values of positions involving the receipt or
payment of cash or other consideration, such as option premiums,
amortization of such values, the exit of certain retail gas
activities in 2003 and the impact of currency translation. Also
includes $71 million of contract-related liabilities to Enron
Corporation reclassified to other current liabilities in 2002.
These activities have no effect on unrealized mark-to-market
valuations.
In addition to the net effect of recording unrealized mark-to-market gains
and losses that are reflected in changes in commodity contract assets and
liabilities, similar effects arise in the recording of unrealized
ineffectiveness mark-to-market gains and losses associated with
commodity-related cash flow hedges that are reflected in changes in cash flow
hedges and other derivative assets and liabilities. The total net effect of
recording unrealized gains and losses under mark-to-market accounting is
summarized as follows (excludes cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle):
A-18
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Unrealized gains/(losses) in commodity contract portfolio..... $(164) $(67) $319
Ineffectiveness gains/(losses) related to cash flow hedges.... 36 (41) 4
------ ----- -------
Total unrealized gains/(losses)............................... $(128) $(108) $323
===== ===== ====
These amounts are included in the "hedging and risk management activities"
component of revenues as presented in the TXU Energy and TXU Australia segment
data.
As a result of guidance provided in EITF 02-3, TXU Corp. has not
recognized origination gains on energy contracts in 2003. TXU Corp. recognized
origination gains on retail sales contracts of $40 million in 2002 and $88
million in 2001. Because of the short-term nature of these contracts, a portion
of these gains would have been recognized on a settlement basis in the year the
origination gain was recorded.
Maturity Table -- Of the net commodity contract asset balance above at
December 31, 2003, the amount representing unrealized mark-to-market net gains
that have been recognized in current and prior years' earnings is $139 million.
The offsetting net liability of $49 million included in the December 31, 2003
balance sheet is comprised principally of amounts representing current and prior
years' net receipts of cash or other consideration, including option premiums,
associated with contract positions, net of any amortization. The following table
presents the unrealized mark-to-market balance at December 31, 2003, scheduled
by contractual settlement dates of the underlying positions.
Maturity dates of unrealized net mark-to-market balances at December 31, 2003
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maturity less Maturity in
than Maturity of Maturity of Excess of
Source of fair value 1 year 1-3 years 4-5 years 5 years Total
- ---------------------- -------------- ---------- ----------- ------ -----
Prices actively quoted........... $ 36 $ 12 $(2) $ - $ 46
Prices provided by other
external sources............... 16 51 1 (2) 66
Prices based on models........... (2) 5 1 23 27
----- ---- --- ---- -----
Total............................ $ 50 $ 68 $ - $ 21 $ 139
==== ==== === ==== =====
Percentage of total fair value... 36% 49% -% 15% 100%
As the above table indicates, approximately 85% of the unrealized
mark-to-market valuations at December 31, 2003 mature within three years. This
is reflective of the terms of the positions and the methodologies employed in
valuing positions for periods where there is less market liquidity and
visibility. The "prices actively quoted" category reflects only exchange traded
contracts with active quotes available through 2008 in the US. The "prices
provided by other external sources" category represents forward commodity
positions at locations for which over-the-counter broker quotes are available.
Over-the-counter quotes for power and natural gas generally extend through 2005
and 2010, respectively, in the US. The "prices based on models" category
contains the value of all non-exchange traded options, valued using industry
accepted option pricing models. In addition, this category contains other
contractual arrangements which may have both forward and option components. In
many instances, these contracts can be broken down into their component parts
and modeled as simple forwards and options based on prices actively quoted. As
the modeled value is ultimately the result of a combination of prices from two
or more different instruments, it has been included in this category.
A-19
Energy
- -------
Financial Results
- -----------------
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001*
---- ---- -----
Operating revenues....................................... $7,995 $ 7,691 $ 7,404
------ ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............... 5,124 4,783 4,800
Operating costs..................................... 691 701 671
Depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill.. 409 450 395
Selling, general and administrative expenses........ 636 775 311
Franchise and revenue-based taxes .................. 124 120 14
Other income ....................................... (48) (33) (2)
Other deductions.................................... 22 254 196
Interest income..................................... (8) (10) (38)
Interest expense and other charges ................. 323 215 224
Goodwill amortization............................... - - 14
------ ------- -------
Total costs and expenses........................ 7,273 7,255 6,585
------ ------- -------
Income from continuing operations before income taxes,
extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of changes
in accounting principles............................... 722 436 819
Income tax expense....................................... 229 117 242
------ ------- -------
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary
loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting
principles............................................ $ 493 $ 319 $ 577
====== ======= =======
- -----------------
The Energy segment includes the electricity generation, wholesale and retail
energy sales, and hedging and risk management operations of TXU Energy,
operating principally in the competitive Texas market.
* Data for 2001 is included above for the purpose of providing historical
financial information about the Energy segment after giving effect to the
restructuring transactions and unbundling allocations described in Note 19
to Financial Statements. Allocations reflected in 2001 data did not
necessarily result in amounts reported in individual line items that are
comparable to actual results in 2002 and 2003. Had the Energy segment
existed as a separate segment in 2001, its results of operations and
financial position could have differed materially from those reflected
above.
A-20
Energy
- -------
Operating Data
- ---------------
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001(a)(b)
---- ---- ----------
Operating statistics - volumes:
Retail electricity (GWh)
Residential.............................................. 35,981 37,692
Small business (c)....................................... 12,986 15,907
Large business and other................................. 30,955 36,982
------- ------ ------
Total retail electricity............................... 79,922 90,581 99,151
======= ====== ======
Wholesale electricity (GWh)................................. 37,362 29,649 6,409
======= ====== ======
Production and purchased power (GWh):
Nuclear and lignite/coal (base load)..................... 59,028 54,738 57,828
Gas/oil and purchased power.............................. 63,319 70,321 52,925
------- ------ ------
Total production and purchased power .................. 122,347 125,059 110,753
======= ======= =======
Customer counts:
Retail electricity customers (end of period & in thousands -
based on number of meters):
Residential.............................................. 2,207 2,302
Small business........................................... 321 333
Large business and other................................. 69 78
------- ------ ------
Total retail electricity customers..................... 2,597 2,713 2,728
======= ====== ======
Operating revenues (millions of dollars):
Retail electricity revenues:
Residential.............................................. $ 3,311 $3,108 $3,255
Business and other ...................................... 3,173 3,415 3,837
------- ------ ------
Total retail electricity revenues...................... 6,484 6,523 7,092
Wholesale electricity revenues ............................. 1,274 857 96
Hedging and risk management activities...................... 18 142 358
Other revenues.............................................. 219 169 (142)
------- ------ ------
Total operating revenues............................... $ 7,995 $7,691 $7,404
======= ====== ======
Weather (average for service territory) (d)
Percent of normal:
Cooling degree days.................................... 103.1% 99.8% 100.5%
Heating degree days.................................... 94.0% 102.0% 97.5%
- --------------------------
(a) See footnote on previous page.
(b) Retail volume and customer count data for 2001 not available by
class.
(c) Customers with demand of less than 1 MW annually.
(d) Weather data is obtained from Meteorlogix, an independent company
that collects weather data from reporting stations of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (a federal agency under the
US Department of Commerce).
A-21
Energy
- ------
2003 compared to 2002
- ---------------------
Effective with reporting for 2003, results for the Energy segment exclude
expenses incurred by the US Holdings parent company in order to present the
segment on the same basis as the results of the business are evaluated by
management. Prior year amounts are presented on this revised basis.
Operating revenues increased $304 million, or 4%, to $8.0 billion in 2003.
Total retail and wholesale electricity revenues rose $378 million, or 5%, to
$7.8 billion. This growth reflected higher retail and wholesale pricing,
partially offset by the effects of a mix shift to lower-price wholesale sales
and a 2% decline in total sales volumes. Retail electricity revenues decreased
$39 million, or 1%, to $6.5 billion reflecting a $768 million decline
attributable to a 12% drop in sales volumes, driven by the effect of competitive
activity in the business market, largely offset by a $730 million increase due
to higher pricing. Higher prices reflected increased price-to-beat rates, due to
approved fuel factor increases, and higher contract pricing in the competitive
large business market, both resulting from higher natural gas prices. Retail
electricity customer counts declined 4% from year-end 2002. Wholesale
electricity revenues grew $417 million, or 49%, to $1.3 billion reflecting a
$223 million increase attributable to a 26% rise in sales volumes and a $194
million increase due to the effect of increased natural gas prices on wholesale
prices. Higher wholesale electricity sales volumes reflected a partial shift in
the customer base from retail to wholesale services, particularly in the
business market.
Net gains from hedging and risk management activities, which are reported
in revenues and include both realized and unrealized gains and losses, declined
$124 million to $18 million in 2003. Changes in these results reflect market
price movements on commodity contracts entered into to hedge gross margin; the
comparison to 2002 also reflects a decline in activities in markets outside of
Texas. Because the hedging activities are intended to mitigate the risk of
commodity price movements on revenues and cost of energy sold, the changes in
such results should not be viewed in isolation, but rather taken together with
the effects of pricing and cost changes on gross margin. Results from these
activities include net unrealized losses arising from mark-to-market accounting
of $100 million in 2003 and $113 million in 2002. The majority of TXU Energy's
natural gas physical sales and purchases are in the wholesale markets and
essentially represent hedging activities. These activities are accounted for on
a net basis with the exception of retail sales to business customers, which
effective October 1, 2003 are reported gross in accordance with new accounting
rules and totaled $39 million in revenues since that date. The increase in other
revenues of $50 million to $219 million in 2003 was driven by this change.
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------
% of % of
2003 Revenue 2002 Revenue
---- --------- ---- -------
Operating revenues..................................... $ 7,995 100% $ 7,691 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............. 5,124 64% 4,783 62%
Operating costs................................... 691 9% 701 9%
Depreciation and amortization related to generation
assets........................................ 370 4% 409 5%
------- ------ ------- --------
Gross margin........................................... $ 1,810 23% $ 1,798 24%
======= ====== ======= ========
The depreciation and amortization expense reported in the gross margin
amounts above excludes $39 million and $41 million of such expense for the years
ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, related to assets that are not
directly used in the generation of electricity.
Gross margin increased $12 million, or 1%, to $1.8 billion in 2003. The
gross margin comparison was favorably impacted by $197 million due to
regulatory-related retail clawback accrual adjustments (a $185 million charge,
$120 million after-tax, in 2002 and a $12 million credit in 2003), as described
in Note 16 to Financial Statements, and $49 million in lower operating costs and
depreciation and amortization. Adjusting for these effects, margin declined $234
million, driven by the effect of lower retail sales volumes. The combined effect
A-22
of higher costs of energy sold and lower results from hedging and risk
management activities was essentially offset by higher sales prices. Higher
costs of energy sold were driven by higher natural gas prices, but were
mitigated by increased sourcing of retail and wholesale sales demand from TXU
Energy's base load (nuclear-powered and coal-fired) generation plants. Base load
supply of sales demand increased by four percentage points to 50% in 2003. The
balance of sales demand in 2003 was met with gas-fired generation and purchased
power.
Operating costs decreased $10 million, or 1%, to $691 million in 2003. The
decline reflected $20 million due to one scheduled outage for nuclear generation
unit refueling and maintenance in 2003 compared to two in 2002 and $15 million
from various cost reduction initiatives, partially offset by $27 million in
higher employee benefits and insurance costs. Depreciation and amortization
related to generation assets decreased $39 million, or 10%, to $370 million. Of
this decline, $37 million represented the effect of adjusted depreciation rates
related to the generation fleet effective April 2003. The adjusted rates reflect
an extension in the estimated average depreciable life of the nuclear generation
facility's assets of approximately 11 years (to 2041) to better reflect its
useful life, partially offset by higher depreciation rates for lignite and gas
facilities to reflect investments in emissions equipment made in recent years.
A decrease in depreciation and amortization (including amounts shown in
the gross margin table above) of $41 million, or 9%, to $409 million in 2003 was
driven by the adjusted depreciation rates related to the generation fleet as
discussed above.
SG&A expenses declined $139 million, or 18%, to $636 million in 2003.
Lower staffing and related administrative expenses contributed approximately $95
million to the decrease, reflecting cost reduction and productivity enhancing
initiatives and a focus on activities in the Texas market. Lower SG&A expenses
also reflected a $40 million decline in bad debt expense. In the retail
electricity business, the effect of enhanced credit and collection activities
was largely offset by increased write-offs arising from disconnections now
allowed under new regulatory rules and increased churn of non-paying customers.
The decrease in bad debt expense primarily reflected the wind down of retail gas
(business customer supply) activities outside of Texas and the recording of
related reserves in 2002.
Other income increased $15 million to $48 million in 2003. Other income in
both periods included approximately $30 million of amortization of a gain on the
sale of two generation plants in 2002. The 2003 period also included a $9
million gain on the sale of contracts related to retail gas activities outside
of Texas.
Other deductions decreased $232 million to $22 million in 2003,
reflecting a $237 million ($154 million after-tax) writedown in 2002 of an
investment in two generation plant construction projects. In addition, both
periods include several individually immaterial items.
Interest expense and related charges increased $108 million, or
50%, to $323 million in 2003. The increase reflects $108 million due to higher
average interest rates as short-term borrowings were replaced with higher-rate
long-term financing. An $11 million full-year effect of the amortization of the
discount on the exchangeable subordinated notes issued in 2002 (subsequently
exchanged by TXU Energy for exchangeable preferred membership interests), was
largely offset by the effect of lower average short-term debt levels.
The effective income tax rate increased to 31.7% in 2003 from 26.8% in
2002. The increase was driven by the effect of comparable (to 2002) tax benefit
amounts of depletion allowances and amortization of investment tax credits on a
higher income base in 2003. (See Note 12 for analysis of the effective tax
rate.)
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and cumulative
effect of changes in accounting principles increased $174 million, or 55%, to
$493 million in 2003. Results in 2002 included impairment charges related to
generation plant construction projects and an accrual for retail clawback of
$154 million after-tax and $120 million after-tax, respectively. Excluding these
items, earnings declined on gross margin compression due to lower retail sales
volumes as well as higher interest expense, partially offset by lower SG&A
expenses. Net pension and postretirement benefit costs reduced net income by $36
million in 2003 and by $21 million in 2002.
A-23
Energy
- ------
2002 compared to 2001
- ---------------------
The Energy segment's operating revenues increased $287 million, or 4%, to
$7.7 billion in 2002. Total retail and wholesale electricity revenues rose $192
million, or 3%, to $7.4 billion driven by higher wholesale volumes. Wholesale
electric revenues increased $761 million to $857 million, reflecting the
substantial increase in wholesale sales volumes due to the opening of the Texas
market to competition. Retail electric revenues declined $569 million, or 8%, to
$6.5 billion, reflecting a $613 million reduction due to lower volumes partially
offset by a $44 million increase due to higher average pricing. The price
variance reflects a shift in customer mix, partially offset by the effect of
lower rates. A 9% decline in overall retail electric sales volumes was primarily
due to the effects of increased competitive activity in the small business and
large business market. Year-end residential electricity customer counts,
reflecting losses in the historical service territory and gains in new
territories due to competition, were about even with the prior year. The
increase in revenues also reflects certain revenues and related retail and
generation expenses that were the responsibility of the Energy Delivery segment
in 2001, but are included in Energy revenues in 2002.
Net gains from hedging and risk management activities, which are reported
in revenues and include both realized and unrealized gains and losses, declined
$216 million to $142 million in 2002. Changes in these results reflect market
price movements on commodity contracts entered into to hedge gross margin.
Results from these activities included net unrealized losses of $113 million in
2002 and net unrealized gains of $318 million in 2001 arising from
mark-to-market accounting.
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------
% of % of
2002 Revenue 2001 Revenue
---- ------- ---- -------
Operating revenues..................................... $ 7,691 100% $ 7,404 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............. 4,783 62% 4,800 65%
Operating costs................................... 701 9% 671 9%
Depreciation and amortization related to generation
assets........................................ 409 5% 391 5%
------- ------ ------- -------
Gross margin........................................... $ 1,798 24% $ 1,542 21%
======= ====== ======= =======
The depreciation and amortization expense included in gross margin
excludes $41 million and $4 million of such expense for 2002 and 2001,
respectively, related to assets that are not directly used in the generation of
electricity. In addition, the 2001 period had goodwill amortization of $14
million.
Gross margin increased $256 million, or 17%, to $1.8 billion in 2002. The
increase was driven by the net favorable effect of lower average costs of energy
sold, higher retail pricing and lower results from hedging and risk management
activities. Higher gross margin also reflected significant growth in wholesale
electricity sales volumes in the newly deregulated ERCOT, largely offset by the
effect of lower retail electricity volumes. Gross margin in 2002 was negatively
affected by the accrual of $185 million ($120 million after-tax) for
regulatory-related retail clawback, which is reported in cost of energy sold and
delivery fees. Operating costs rose $30 million, or 4%, to $701 million
primarily due to the costs of refueling two units, compared to one in 2001, at
the nuclear-powered generation plant.
An increase in depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill
(including amounts shown in the gross margin table above), of $55 million, or
14%, to $450 million was primarily due to investments in computer systems
required to operate in the newly deregulated market and expansion of office
facilities.
A-24
An increase in SG&A expenses of $464 million, or 149%, to $775 million
reflected the effect of retail customer support costs and bad debt expense of
approximately $150 million that were the responsibility of the Energy Delivery
segment in 2001. The increase in SG&A expenses also reflected $199 million in
higher staffing and other administrative costs, related to expanded retail sales
operations and hedging activities, and higher bad debt expense of $90 million,
all due largely to the opening of the Texas electricity market to competition.
With the completion of the transition to competition in Texas, the industry-wide
decline in portfolio management activities, and the expected deferral of
deregulation of energy markets in other states, TXU Energy initiated several
cost savings initiatives in 2002. Such actions resulted in $31 million in
severance charges in 2002, which contributed to the increase in SG&A expense.
Franchise and revenue-based taxes rose $106 million to $120 million due to
state gross receipts taxes that were the responsibility of the Energy Delivery
segment in 2001. Effective in 2002, state gross receipts taxes related to
electricity revenues are an expense of the Energy segment, while local gross
receipts taxes are an expense of the Energy Delivery segment.
Other income increased by $31 million to $33 million, reflecting
amortization of $30 million of a gain on the sale in 2002 of two generation
plants.
Other deductions increased by $58 million to $254 million, reflecting a
$237 million ($154 million after-tax) writedown in 2002 of an investment in two
generation plant construction projects. Amounts in 2001 included $149 million
($97 million after-tax) in losses on the early extinguishment of debt under the
debt restructuring and refinancing plan pursuant to the requirements of the 1999
Restructuring Legislation, a $22 million regulatory asset write-off pursuant to
a regulatory order and $18 million in various asset writedowns.
Interest income declined by $28 million, or 74%, to $10 million primarily
due to the recovery of under-collected fuel revenue on which interest income had
been accrued under regulation in 2001.
Interest expense and other charges decreased $9 million, or 4%, to $215
million reflecting lower average debt levels, partially offset by higher rates
and a decrease in capitalized interest.
The effective income tax rate decreased to 26.8% in 2002 from 29.5% in
2001. The decrease was driven by the effect of comparable (to 2001) tax benefit
amounts of depletion allowances and amortization of investment tax credits on a
lower income base in 2002.
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and cumulative
effect of changes in accounting principles decreased $258 million, or 45%, to
$319 million in 2002. The decline was driven by an increase in SG&A expenses and
higher franchise and revenue-based taxes, partially offset by the improved gross
margin (net of the $120 million effect of the retail clawback accrual). The $154
million effect of the generation plant construction project writedown was
partially offset by the $97 million effect of losses on early extinguishment of
debt in 2001. Net pension and postretirement benefit costs reduced net income by
$20 million in 2002 and $12 million in 2001.
A-25
Energy Delivery
- ---------------
Financial Results
- -----------------
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001*
---- ---- -----
Operating revenues............................................ $3,429 $ 2,973 $ 3,542
------ ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of gas sold.......................................... 791 502 764
Operating costs........................................... 880 829 757
Depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill........ 372 332 303
Selling, general and administrative expenses.............. 345 348 494
Franchise and revenue-based taxes ........................ 316 322 495
Other income ............................................. (12) (21) (35)
Other deductions.......................................... -- 40 76
Interest income .......................................... (54) (48) (19)
Interest expense and related charges ..................... 346 331 347
Goodwill amortization..................................... -- - 10
------ ------- -------
Total costs and expenses.............................. 2,984 2,635 3,192
------ ------- -------
Income before income taxes and extraordinary loss............. 445 338 350
Income tax expense............................................ 146 110 125
------ ------- -------
Income before extraordinary loss.............................. $ 299 $ 228 $ 225
====== ======= =======
- ------------------------
The Energy Delivery segment includes the electricity transmission and
distribution business of Oncor and the natural gas pipeline and distribution
business of TXU Gas, both of which are subject to regulation by Texas
authorities.
* Data for 2001 is included above for the purpose of providing historical
financial information about the Energy Delivery segment after giving effect
to the restructuring transactions and allocations described in Note 19 to
Financial Statements. Allocations reflected in 2001 data did not necessarily
result in amounts reported in individual line items that are comparable to
actual results in 2002 and 2003. Had the Energy Delivery segment existed as
a separate segment in 2001, its results of operations and financial position
could have differed materially from those reflected above.
A-26
Energy Delivery
- ---------------
Operating Data
- --------------
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
2003 2002 2001(a)
---- ---- -------
Operating statistics - volumes:
Electric energy delivered (GWh) (b)............................... 101,810 102,481 99,139
Retail gas distribution (Bcf):
Residential.................................................. 83 86 84
Business and other........................................... 58 58 60
------ ------- ------
Total....................................................... 141 144 144
====== ======== ======
Pipeline transportation (Bcf)..................................... 360 437 386
====== ======= ======
Retail gas distrbution customers and electricity points of
delivery (end of period and in thousands):
Retail gas distribution customers............................ 1,482 1,470 1,447
Electricity distribution points of delivery (based on number
of meters)(c).............................................. 2,932 2,909 2,844
Operating revenues (millions of dollars):
Electricity transmission and distribution:
Affiliated (TXU Energy)...................................... $1,489 $ 1,586
Non-affiliated............................................... 598 408
------ -------
Total ...................................................... 2,087 1,994 $2,314
Retail gas distribution:
Residential.................................................. 770 563 710
Business and other........................................... 455 313 435
------ ------- ------
Total ...................................................... 1,225 876 1,145
Pipeline transportation........................................... 57 53 59
Other revenues, net of eliminations............................... 60 50 24
------ ------- ------
Total retail gas distribution and pipeline transportation... 1,342 979 1,228
------ ------- ------
Total operating revenues.......................................... $3,429 $ 2,973 $3,542
====== ======= ======
- --------------------------
(a) See footnote on previous page.
(b) 2002 data revised
(c) Includes lighting sites, primarily guard lights, for which TXU Energy is the
REP but are not included in TXU Energy's customer count. Such sites totaled
100,901 in 2003, 105,987 in 2002 and 124,916 in 2001.
A-27
Energy Delivery
- ----------------
2003 compared to 2002
- ---------------------
Operating revenues for the Energy Delivery segment increased $456 million,
or 15%, to $3.4 billion in 2003. Gas delivery revenues increased $363 million,
or 37%, to $1.3 billion, reflecting $338 million due to the effects of higher
gas costs passed on to customers, approximately $16 million from higher base
distribution rates and $15 million from increased activity in the utility asset
management services business, partially offset by $16 million from lower sales
volumes. The average cost of gas rose 57%, while volumes decreased 3% due to
milder winter weather. Electricity delivery revenues increased $93 million, or
5%, to $2.1 billion. Higher tariffs provided $56 million of this increase,
reflecting transmission rate increases approved in 2003 ($37 million) and
delivery fee surcharges associated with the issuance of securitization bonds
in August 2003 ($19 million). (See Note 16 to Financial Statements.) The
balance of the revenue growth reflected $26 million in increased disconnect
/reconnect fees, reflecting disconnections initiated by TXU Energy under new
regulatory rules and increased consumer switching due to competitive activity,
and $10 million from increased pricing to certain business consumers due to
higher peak demands in 2003. Delivered electricity volumes were about even
with 2002.
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------
% of % of
2003 Revenue 2002 Revenue
Operating revenues..................................... $ 3,429 100% $ 2,973 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of gas sold.................................. 791 23% 502 17%
Operating costs................................... 880 26% 829 28%
Depreciation and amortization related to delivery assets 359 10% 321 11%
------- ----- ------- ------
Gross margin........................................... $ 1,399 41% $ 1,321 44%
======= ===== ======= ======
The depreciation and amortization expense included in gross margin
excludes $13 million and $11 million of such expense for the year ended December
31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, related to assets that are not directly used in
the delivery of energy.
Gross margin increased $78 million, or 6%, to $1.4 billion in 2003. The
increase reflected the benefit of higher electricity and gas delivery tariffs
and fees. The gross margin growth also reflected the effect of higher gas prices
on revenues, as certain costs directly related to the revenues, principally
gross receipts taxes, are reported below gross margin. The increase in operating
costs of $51 million, or 6%, to $880 million was driven by $22 million in higher
electricity transmission costs paid to other utilities, a $16 million increase
on greater activity in the utility asset management services business and $12
million in higher pension and other postretirement benefit costs.
Depreciation and amortization (including amounts shown in the gross margin
table above), increased $40 million, or 12%, to $372 million in 2003. The
increase reflected higher depreciation of $14 million due to investments in
delivery facilities to support growth and normal replacements of equipment and
$19 million in amortization of regulatory assets associated with the issuance of
securitization bonds in August 2003. The effect on revenues of the delivery fee
surcharges associated with the issuance of securitization bonds is offset by
the related amortization expense.
SG&A expenses decreased by $3 million, or 1%, to $345 million in 2003 due
primarily to lower outside services and consulting expenses arising from
electricity delivery cost reduction initiatives implemented in late 2002.
A-28
Franchise and revenue-based taxes decreased $6 million, or 2%, to $316
million in 2003 reflecting a $22 million decline due to the full implementation
of a regulatory change in the basis for the calculation of local gross receipts
taxes from revenue dollars to kilowatt-hours, partially offset by a $16 million
increase in gross receipts taxes due to higher gas delivery revenues on which
these taxes are based.
Other income decreased $9 million to $12 million in 2003. Other income
included capitalized allowance for funds used during construction of $4 million
in 2003 and $3 million in 2002, as well as a $7 million gain in 2002 on
disposition of property.
Other deductions of $40 million in 2002 included the $35 million ($23
million after-tax) loss on early extinguishment of debt in the gas business.
Interest income increased $6 million, or 13%, to $54 million in 2003. An
increase in the electricity delivery business reflected higher interest
reimbursements from TXU Energy of $15 million due to higher carrying costs on
regulatory assets and $3 million in higher investment income, partially offset
by $15 million less interest on the excess mitigation credit note receivable
from TXU Energy due to principal repayments (See Note 16 to Financial
Statements). Higher interest income also reflected $3 million due to increased
undercollected gas costs.
Interest expense and related charges rose by $15 million, or 5%, to $346
million in 2003. The increase reflected a $41 million impact of higher average
interest rates, partially offset by a $12 million impact of lower average
borrowings and $15 million less interest credited to REPs related to the excess
mitigation credit. The change in average interest rates reflected the
refinancing of affiliate borrowings in the electricity delivery business with
higher rate long-term debt issuances.
The effective income tax rate was 32.8% in 2003 and 32.5% in 2002. There
were no significant unusual items impacting the effective rates.
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and changes in
accounting principles increased $71 million, or 31%, to $299 million in 2003,
reflecting improved results of $57 million in the gas delivery business and $14
million in the electricity delivery business. The performance in the gas
delivery business reflected the $23 million loss on debt extinguishment in 2002,
higher base distribution rates and lower interest expense. Higher gas prices
benefited the current period as related higher gross receipts taxes will be
incurred in 2004. The increase in the electricity delivery business reflected
higher revenues, partially offset by higher operating expenses and higher
interest expense. Net pension and postretirement benefit costs reduced net
income by $28 million in 2003 and $18 million in 2002.
Energy Delivery
- ----------------
2002 compared to 2001
- ---------------------
Operating revenues for the Energy Delivery segment decreased $569 million,
or 16%, to $3.0 billion in 2002. Electricity delivery revenues decreased $320
million, or 14%, to $2.0 billion. Revenues in 2001 included amounts associated
with generation and retail expenses that were the responsibility of electric
delivery, but in 2002 such revenues and expenses were the responsibility of the
Energy segment. Excluding the impact of such revenues in 2001, electric delivery
revenues rose 3% on a 6% increase in electricity volumes delivered. Because the
fees to REPs for their large business customers are fixed for specified ranges
of volumes, changes in distribution volumes do not necessarily result in
comparable changes in reported revenues. Gas delivery revenues declined $249
million, or 20%, to $1.0 billion, due to reduced costs of gas, as sales volumes
were about even.
A-29
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------
% of % of
2002 Revenue 2001 Revenue
---- ------- ---- -------
Operating revenues..................................... $ 2,973 100% $ 3,542 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of gas sold.................................. 502 17% 764 22%
Operating costs................................... 829 28% 757 21%
Depreciation and amortization related to delivery assets 321 11% 302 8%
------- ----- ------- ------
Gross margin........................................... $ 1,321 44% $ 1,719 49%
======= ===== ======= ======
The depreciation and amortization expense included in gross margin
excludes $11 million and $1 million of such expense for 2002 and 2001,
respectively, related to assets that are not directly used in the delivery of
energy.
Gross margin decreased $398 million, or 23%, to $1.3 billion in 2002. The
decrease reflects the impact of revenues allocated to electricity delivery
operations in 2001, as discussed above, and higher operating costs in 2002,
partially offset by lower cost of gas sold. The increase in operating costs of
$72 million, or 10%, to $829 million primarily reflects costs associated with a
consumer energy efficiency program, mandated by the Commission, and higher
transmission costs paid to other utilities.
Depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill (including amounts
shown in the gross margin table above), increased $29 million, or 10%, to $332
million. The increase reflected investments in computer systems to support the
restructuring of the Texas electricity market, as well as normal growth and
replacements of delivery facilities.
SG&A expenses decreased by $146 million, or 30%, to $348 million due
primarily to lower bad debt expense and customer support costs of approximately
$150 million, as the retail sales function is reflected in the Energy segment in
2002. In addition, information technology costs were higher in 2001 due to
system changes made in preparation of unbundling the delivery business from the
generation and retail operations.
Franchise and revenue-based taxes decreased $173 million, or 35%, to $322
million in 2002 due to state gross receipts taxes that are reported in the
Energy segment in 2002. Effective in 2002, local gross receipts taxes related to
electricity revenue are an expense of Oncor while state gross receipts taxes are
an expense of TXU Energy. The decline also reflected the impact of lower gas
delivery revenues.
Other income declined $14 million to $21 million in 2002. The 2002 period
includes a $7 million gain on sale of property. The 2001 period included $18
million from a favorable settlement of legal proceedings related to a gas
purchase contract. Other income also reflects capitalized allowance for funds
used during construction of $3 million in 2002 and $4 million in 2001, as well
as several other individually immaterial items in both periods.
Other deductions decreased by $36 million to $40 million in 2002. The 2002
period includes a $35 million loss on early extinguishment of debt. The 2001
period reflects a recoverable charge of $73 million related to regulatory
restructuring of the Texas electricity market.
Interest income increased $29 million to $48 million due primarily to
reimbursement from TXU Energy for carrying costs on regulatory assets.
Interest expense and other charges declined by $16 million, or 5%, to $331
million. Of the change, $51 million was due to lower average debt levels,
partially offset by $33 million due to higher average rates and a $2 million
decrease in capitalized interest.
Goodwill amortization of $10 million in 2001 ceased, reflecting the
discontinuance of goodwill amortization pursuant to the adoption of SFAS 142.
A-30
The effective income tax rate was 32.5% in 2002 compared to 35.7% in 2001.
The decline reflected the cessation of nondeductible goodwill amortization and
nonrecurring regulatory-driven adjustments recorded in 2001 relating to prior
years.
Income before extraordinary loss increased $3 million, or 1%, to $228
million, driven by the declines in SG&A expenses and franchise and revenue-based
taxes, partially offset by lower gross margin. Net pension and postretirement
benefit costs reduced net income by $18 million in 2002 and $6 million in 2001.
Australia
- ----------
Financial Results
- ------------------
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Operating revenues....................................... $1,103 $ 860 $ 700
------ ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............... 527 400 333
Operating costs..................................... 98 83 74
Depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill.. 86 67 60
Selling, general and administrative expenses........ 113 87 63
Other income ....................................... (1) (2) (3)
Other deductions.................................... 4 4 6
Interest income .................................... (5) (1) -
Interest expense and other charges ................. 151 129 126
Goodwill amortization............................... - - 19
------ ------- -------
Total costs and expenses........................ 973 767 678
------ ------- -------
Income before income taxes .............................. 130 93 22
Income tax expense (benefit)............................. 28 19 3
------ ------- -------
Net income............................................... $ 102 $ 74 $ 19
====== ======= =======
A-31
Australia
- ---------
Operating Data
- --------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Operating statistics- volumes:
Retail electricity sales (GWh)............................. 8,406 6,883 5,351
Delivered electricity (GWh)................................ 2,486 2,106 1,843
Retail gas sales (Bcf)..................................... 65 63 67
Retail gas distribution (Bcf).............................. 39 35 35
Wholesale electricity sales (GWh)........................... 2,274 3,132 3,826
Retail customers and points of delivery
(end of period and in thousands):
Electricity customers....................................... 582 534 533
Gas customers............................................... 480 437 427
------- ------- -------
Total............................................... 1,062 971 960
======= ======= =======
Electricity points of delivery.............................. 560 549 535
Gas distribution points of delivery......................... 481 466 453
------- ------- -------
Total............................................... 1,041 1,015 988
======= ======= =======
Operating revenues (millions of dollars):
Retail electricity sales:
Residential............................................ $ 287 $ 212 $ 172
Business and other..................................... 325 225 142
------- ------- -------
Total............................................... 612 437 314
------- ------- -------
Electricity delivery........................................ 59 37 31
------- ------- -------
Retail gas sales:
Residential............................................ 207 93 71
Business and other..................................... 93 88 97
------- ------- -------
Total.............................................. 300 181 168
Retail gas distribution..................................... 43 33 32
Wholesale electricity revenues.............................. 47 65 61
Hedging and risk management activities and other revenues... 42 107 94
------- ------- -------
Total operating revenues............................... $ 1,103 $ 860 $ 700
======= ======= =======
- --------------------------
Australia
- ---------
2003 compared to 2002
- ---------------------
Operating revenues increased $243 million, or 28%, to $1.1 billion in
2003. Of this increase, $185 million represented the foreign currency
translation effect of the stronger Australian dollar. The balance of the growth
was driven by an increase in retail electricity revenues of $71 million, or 16%,
and higher retail gas revenues of $66 million, or 37%, partially offset by lower
results from hedging and risk management activities of $60 million (all on a
constant currency exchange rate basis).
The retail electricity revenue growth reflected a 22% increase in sales
volumes, driven by customer gains, particularly in the large business segment,
in areas that have now been open to a full year of competition. Partially
offsetting this benefit was the effect of lower average sales prices due to
competitive prices offered to business customers as well as a 4% regulated rate
reduction for residential customers effective April 2003 in the state of
Victoria. Retail gas revenue growth in 2003 included a $36 million effect of
certain service fee based customers converting from an agency arrangement to
direct customers in October of 2002, resulting in an increase in revenues and
cost of energy sold. The balance of the retail gas revenue growth primarily
reflected a 33% increase in residential sales volumes, driven by an increase in
customer accounts and the impact of a colder winter. The effect of a 9% rate
increase in residential gas prices effective April 2003 in Victoria was largely
A-32
offset by lower gas volumes in the lower-price business market. Results from
hedging and risk management activities include unrealized net losses arising
from mark-to-market accounting of $28 million in 2003 and net gains of $5
million in 2002. The decline in results from these activities reflected the
impact of a $30 million gain in 2002 on the termination of a wholesale power
contract and the effects of lower wholesale prices and decreased price
volatility. Wholesale power prices have declined 25% from 2002 levels due to a
combination of mild weather in the first quarter of 2003 that depressed summer
demand and increasing supply due to new available generation capacity. A Network
Tariff Rebate (a regulatory subsidy introduced in April 2003) drove an $11
million increase in electricity distribution revenues, but this was more than
offset by lower prices in the wholesale business.
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------
% of % of
2003 Revenue 2002 Revenue
---- ------- ---- -------
Operating revenues..................................... $ 1,103 100% $ 860 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............. 527 48% 400 46%
Operating costs................................... 98 9% 83 10%
Depreciation and amortization related to operating
assets........................................ 77 7% 61 7%
------- ----- ------- ------
Gross margin........................................... $ 401 36% $ 316 37%
======= ===== ======= ======
The depreciation and amortization expense included in gross margin
excludes $9 million and $6 million of such expense for 2003 and 2002,
respectively, related to assets that are not directly used in the generation and
delivery of energy.
Gross margin improved $85 million, or 27%, to $401 million in 2003. On a
local currency basis, margins increased 5%. Excluding the gain in 2002 on the
wholesale power contract termination, gross margin on a local currency basis
rose 11%. This increase reflected increased retail electricity sales volume,
lower purchased power costs that exceeded the effect of lower retail electricity
pricing and lower results from hedging and risk management activities. The lower
purchased power costs reflected the decrease in wholesale power prices discussed
above. On a local currency basis, operating costs were flat. Depreciation and
amortization related to operating assets increased 5% on a local currency basis,
reflecting expenditures for electricity delivery and production assets to
support growth.
SG&A expenses rose $26 million, or 30%, to $113 million in 2003. On a
local currency basis, SG&A expenses increased 6% due primarily to increased
employee-related and marketing expenses largely to support retail activities in
newly competitive markets. These increases were partially offset by the effect
of start-up expenses incurred in 2002 related to the Australia segment's
involvement in a joint venture to construct a gas pipeline.
Interest expense and related charges increased $22 million, or 17%, to
$151 million in 2003. On a local currency basis, interest expense and related
charges were unchanged although debt levels were slightly higher.
The effective income tax rate was 21.5% in 2003 compared to 20.4% in 2002.
The rates in both years reflect nonrecurring benefits. The 2003 effective income
tax rate reflects a $5 million deferred tax adjustment relating to prior years
and the utilization of a capital loss carryforward. The 2002 rate reflects the
non-taxable nature of the contract termination gain discussed above.
Net income rose $28 million, or 38%, to $102 million in 2003. This
increase reflected a $16 million favorable effect of the stronger Australian
dollar. Improved retail gross margins were partially offset by the $30 million
(pre and after-tax) effect of the contract termination gain in 2002. On a local
currency basis and excluding the effect of the contract termination gain,
Australia's net income rose 41%. Net pension and postretirement benefit costs
reduced net income by $2 million in 2003 and 2002.
A-33
Australia
- ---------
2002 compared to 2001
- ---------------------
Operating revenues increased $160 million, or 23%, to $860 million in
2002. The effects of changes in foreign currency translation rates contributed
$40 million to the increase. The balance of the growth reflected $84 million
from increased retail electricity volumes and $26 million from increased retail
electricity pricing. Electricity volumes increased 29%, driven primarily by the
addition of new business accounts. Results from hedging and risk management
activities in 2002 included a $30 million gain (pre and after-tax) on the
termination of a wholesale power contract and net unrealized gains arising from
mark-to-market accounting of $5 million in both years.
Gross Margin
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------
% of % of
2002 Revenue 2001 Revenue
---- ------- ---- -------
Operating revenues..................................... $ 860 100% $ 700 100%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees............. 400 46% 333 47%
Operating costs................................... 83 10% 74 11%
Depreciation and amortization related to operating
assets........................................ 61 7% 56 8%
------- ----- ------- ------
Gross margin........................................... $ 316 37% $ 237 34%
======= ===== ======= ======
The depreciation and amortization expense included in gross margin
excludes $6 million and $4 million of such expense for 2002 and 2001
respectively, related to assets that are not directly used in the generation and
delivery of energy.
Gross margin improved $79 million, or 33%, to $316 million in 2002. On a
local currency basis, margins improved 25%, reflecting higher retail electricity
prices and volumes, partially offset by lower wholesale electricity margins as
wholesale pool prices decreased in 2002. Operating costs rose $9 million, or 6%,
on a local currency basis, due primarily to higher compensation costs and
headcount. Depreciation and amortization related to operating assets increased
$5 million, or 4% on a local currency basis, reflecting expenditures for
infrastructure expansion in the electricity delivery business.
SG&A expenses rose $24 million, or 23%, on a local currency basis,
reflecting increased promotional and staffing expenses to support retail
competition activities in newly opened markets.
The effective income tax rate was 20.4% in 2002 versus 13.6% in 2001. The
2002 rate reflects the non-taxable nature of the contact termination gain. The
2001 rate reflects nonrecurring adjustments to the tax basis of certain assets,
partially offset by the discontinuance of goodwill amortization.
Net income rose $55 million to $74 million in 2002. Australia's results
were driven by higher gross margin, including the $30 million contract
termination gain, and the discontinuance of goodwill amortization ($19 million
with no tax effect), partially offset by increased SG&A costs. Net pension and
postretirement benefit cost reduced net income by $2 million in 2002 and 2001.
A-34
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - Continuing Operations
Cash flow hedge activity reported in other comprehensive income from
continuing operations included:
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
Cash flow hedge activity (net of tax):
Net change in fair value of hedges - gains/(losses):
Commodities............................................... $ (152) $ (91) $ 1
Financing - interest rate and currency swaps.............. (116) (169) (80)
-------- ------- -------
(268) (260) (79)
Losses realized in earnings (net of tax):
Commodities............................................... 166 27 2
Financing - interest rate and currency swaps.............. 158 85 60
------- ------- -------
324 112 62
Net income (loss) effect of cash flow hedges reported in other
comprehensive income...................................... $ 56 $ (148) $ (17)
======= ======= =======
TXU Corp. has historically used, and expects to continue to use,
derivative financial instruments that are highly effective in offsetting future
cash flow volatility in interest rates, energy commodity prices, and currency
exchange rates. The amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income
are expected to offset the impact of rate or price changes on forecasted
transactions. Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income include (i) the
value of the cash flow hedges (for the effective portion), based on current
market conditions, and (ii) the value of dedesignated and terminated cash flow
hedges at the time of such dedesignation, less amortization, providing the
transaction that was hedged is still probable. The effects of the hedge will be
recorded in the statement of income as the hedged transactions are actually
settled.
Other comprehensive income also included adjustments related to foreign
currency translation and minimum pension liabilities.
Foreign currency translation adjustments were gains of $302 million and
$76 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively, and a loss of $61 million in 2001.
These adjustments reflected the movement in exchange rates between the US dollar
and the Australian dollar and have no tax effects.
Minimum pension liability adjustments were a gain of $82 million ($54
million after-tax) in 2003 and losses of $128 million ($83 million after-tax)
and $9 million ($6 million after-tax) in 2002 and 2001, respectively. The gain
in 2003 reflected the impact of improved returns on plan assets. The minimum
pension liability represents the difference between the excess of the
accumulated benefit obligation over the plans' assets and the liability
reflected in the balance sheet. The recording of the liability did not affect
TXU Corp.'s financial covenants in any of its credit agreements.
TXU Corp. adopted SFAS 133 effective January 1, 2001, and recorded a $37
million ($25 million after-tax) charge to other comprehensive income to reflect
the fair value of derivatives effective as cash flow hedges at transition.
See also Note 15 to Financial Statements.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows - Cash flows provided by operating activities for the year
ended December 31, 2003 were $2.8 billion compared to $1.3 billion and $1.9
billion for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The
principal drivers of the $1.5 billion increase in 2003 were improved working
capital (accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories) of $683 million,
which primarily reflects the effect of billing and collection delays in 2002
associated with the transition to competition and includes $129 million in
A-35
increased funding under the accounts receivable sale program, as well as the
receipt of an income tax refund of $616 million, primarily related to tax
benefits associated with the write-off of the investment in Europe. A portion of
the working capital benefit is due to the effect of timing of activities
(estimated to be under $200 million), which is expected to affect comparisons of
2004 operating cash flows to 2003 results. Operating cash flows in 2004 are
expected to approximate $1.8 billion.
The decrease in cash flows in 2002 from 2001 of $522 million was driven by
lower cash earnings (net income adjusted for the significant noncash items
identified in the statement of cash flows) of $142 million and the effect of a
return in 2001 of $227 million in margin deposits related to hedging and risk
management activities (in exchange for letters of credit). The net unfavorable
change in working capital of $388 million in 2002 was comparable to 2001.
Cash flows used in financing activities were $1.8 billion in 2003 compared
to cash flows provided by financing activities of $1.5 billion in 2002. The
activity in 2003 reflected use of operating cash flows and cash on hand to
reduce short and long-term borrowings. Net cash used in issuances and repayments
of borrowings totaled $1.6 billion in 2003 compared to cash provided of $878
million in 2002. Net retirements of equity securities, reflecting retirement of
preferred equity securities, totaled $75 million in 2003 while issuances of
equity securities totaled $1.3 billion in 2002. Cash flows used in financing
activities were $516 million in 2001, driven by dividend payments. Common stock
dividends paid totaled $160 million, $652 million and $621 million in 2003, 2002
and 2001, respectively.
Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $1.6 billion, $851 million
and $1.2 billion during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Capital expenditures,
including nuclear fuel, were $1.0 billion in 2003, $1.1 billion in 2002 and $1.3
billion in 2001. Capital expenditures are expected to total $1.1 billion in
2004. Investment in a collateral trust associated with a new credit facility
totaled $525 million in 2003. The buyout of the joint venture partner's
interests in Pinnacle in 2003 totaled $150 million. Proceeds from asset sales in
2003 included $15 million from the sale of retail gas activities outside of
Texas. Proceeds from assets sales in 2002 of $449 million included the sale of
two generation plants in Texas. Other investing activities in 2002 included $147
million for terminations of out-of-the-money cash flow hedges, primarily
reflecting the effect of the decline in interest rates on financing-related
hedges, and a $30 million investment in an Australian gas pipeline joint
venture.
Depreciation and amortization expense reported in the statement of cash
flows exceeds the amount reported in the statement of income by $73 million for
2003. This difference represents amortization of nuclear fuel, which is reported
as cost of energy sold in the statement of income consistent with industry
practice, and amortization of certain regulatory assets, which is reported as
operating costs in the statement of income.
Financing Activities
- --------------------
Over the next twelve months, TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries will need to
fund ongoing working capital requirements and maturities of debt. TXU Corp. and
its subsidiaries have funded or intend to fund these requirements through cash
on hand, cash flows from operations, the sale of assets, short-term credit
facilities and the issuance of long-term debt or other securities.
A-36
Long-Term Debt Activity -- During the year ended December 31, 2003, TXU
Corp. and its subsidiaries issued, redeemed, reacquired or made scheduled
principal payments on long-term debt as follows:
Issuances Retirements
--------- -----------
TXU Corp.:
Convertible senior notes..................... $ 525 $ -
Senior notes................................. - 323
Other long-term debt......................... - 97
Oncor:
First mortgage bonds......................... - 663
Medium term notes............................ - 15
Transition bonds............................. 500 -
TXU Gas:
Senior notes................................. - 125
TXU Energy:
Fixed rate senior notes...................... 1,250 72
Pollution control revenue bonds.............. 568 638
Other long-term debt......................... 3 -
US Holdings:
Other long-term debt......................... - 4
Pinnacle telecommunications holding company:
Senior notes................................. - 250
TXU Australia:
Long-term debt............................... 399 549
------ ------
Total........................................ $3,245 $2,736
====== ======
See Notes 7, 8, 9 and 11 to Financial Statements for further detail of
debt issuance and retirements, financing arrangements, debt held by
unconsolidated subsidiary trusts and capitalization.
Convertible Senior Notes -- In July 2003, TXU Corp. issued $525 million of
floating rate convertible senior notes due 2033 in a private placement with
registration rights. The notes bear regular interest at an annual floating rate
equal to 3-month LIBOR, determined quarterly, plus 150 basis points, and are
payable in arrears quarterly commencing October 15, 2003. The notes have an
initial conversion rate of 28.9289 shares of TXU Corp. common stock per $1,000
principal amount of notes, which equates to an initial conversion price of
$34.5675 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustments in certain
circumstances, including a change in the amount of quarterly cash dividends per
share on TXU Corp. common stock from the current rate of $0.125 per share. The
notes are convertible at the conversion rate, as adjusted, until maturity if (1)
during any fiscal quarter the market price of TXU Corp. common stock is above
$41.481 per share for a specified period; (2) TXU Corp. calls the notes for
redemption; (3) the trading price of the notes falls below 95% of the conversion
value of the notes for a specified period; or (4) certain specified corporate
transactions occur. Should the holders elect to convert the notes, TXU Corp. has
the option to settle the conversion in cash, common stock or a combination of
both. TXU Corp. intends to settle any conversion in cash. See Note 8 to
Financial Statements for further information.
Equity-Linked Debt Securities -- In 2002 and 2001, TXU Corp. issued
equity-linked debt securities with aggregate stated amounts of $440 million and
$1.0 billion, respectively. Equity-linked debt securities are units that consist
of (i) TXU Corp. senior notes and (ii) a stock purchase contract that requires
the holder to purchase TXU Corp. common stock in the future. The number of
shares issuable upon settlement of stock purchase contracts represents the
stated value of the notes divided by an average market price of TXU Corp. common
stock immediately preceding the settlement date. The calculation of shares
issuable is subject to a minimum price that typically represents the price of
the common stock at the time of the initial issuance of the equity-linked debt
securities, and a maximum price that includes a premium over the minimum price,
and is negotiated in connection with the pricing of the offering. The reference
price and the threshold appreciation price for each series of TXU Corp.'s
equity-linked debt securities are based on market conditions at the time the
securities were issued.
A-37
To the extent the market price of TXU Corp. common stock is below the
minimum price on the applicable settlement date, holders of equity-linked debt
securities would be required to purchase TXU Corp. common stock at a price
higher than the market price at that time. The market price of TXU Corp.'s
common stock is currently below the minimum price for both currently outstanding
series of TXU Corp.'s equity-linked debt securities. TXU Corp.'s stock price
affects the market price of the equity-linked debt securities, but does not have
any effect on the provisions of the equity-linked debt securities other than the
impact on the settlement rate, as discussed above.
Under the terms of the purchase contracts, TXU Corp. expects to issue
between 24,953,600 and 30,514,000 shares of its common stock upon settlement. A
total of 30,514,000 shares have been reserved for issuance. Based on the current
market price of TXU Corp. common stock, TXU Corp. expects to issue approximately
11 million common shares in November 2004 in connection with $500 million of its
equity-linked debt securities.
Regulatory Asset Securitization -- The Settlement Plan approved by the
Commission provides Oncor with a financing order authorizing the issuance of
securitization bonds in the aggregate principal amount of up to $1.3 billion to
recover regulatory asset stranded costs. Oncor issued $500 million of the bonds
in August of 2003. In addition, approximately $790 million is expected to be
issued in the first half of 2004. The proceeds will be used to retire debt.
Because the bond principal and interest payments are secured by the collection
of delivery fee surcharges by Oncor, the $1.3 billion in debt is excluded from
TXU Corp.'s and Oncor's capitalization by credit rating agencies.
Credit Facilities -- At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had US credit
facilities totaling $2.8 billion and expiring in 2005 and 2008, of which $2.3
billion was unused, and Australian facilities totaling $992 million of which
$237 million was unused. These credit facilities support issuances of letters of
credit and are available for borrowings. See Note 7 to Financial Statements for
details of the arrangements.
Exchangeable Preferred Membership Interests of TXU Energy - In July 2003,
TXU Energy exercised its right, in a noncash transaction, to exchange its $750
million 9% Exchangeable Subordinated Notes due November 22, 2012 for
exchangeable preferred membership interests with identical economic and other
terms. These securities are exchangeable for TXU Corp. common stock at an
exchange price of $13.1242 per share. The market price of TXU Corp. common stock
on December 31, 2003 was $23.72. Any exchange of these securities into common
stock would result in a proportionate write-off of the related unamortized
discount as a charge to earnings. If all the securities had been exchanged into
common stock on December 31, 2003, the pre-tax charge would have been $104
million. These securities are considered not to be mandatorily redeemable under
SFAS 150 because of the exchangeability provision.
Registered Financing Arrangements -- TXU Corp., US Holdings, TXU Gas and
other subsidiaries of TXU Corp. may issue and sell additional debt and equity
securities as needed, including: (i) issuances by US Holdings of up to $25
million of cumulative preferred stock and up to an aggregate of $924 million of
additional cumulative preferred stock, debt securities and/or preferred
securities of subsidiary trusts and (ii) issuances by TXU Gas of up to an
aggregate of $400 million of debt securities and/or preferred securities of
subsidiary trusts, all of which are currently registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission for offering pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act
of 1933. TXU Corp. expects to file a new shelf registration for up to $1.0
billion of debt and/or equity securities.
Equity -- In December 2002, TXU Corp. issued 35 million common shares in a
public offering. In June 2002, TXU Corp. issued 11.8 million common shares in a
public offering. Net proceeds of $1.1 billion from these offerings were used for
general corporate purposes, including the repayment of commercial paper and to
provide advances to subsidiaries. In August 2002, TXU Corp. issued 8.4 million
shares related to $350 million of equity-linked debt.
A-38
In April 2001, TXU Corp. repurchased 1.3 million shares of its common
stock for $44 million under one of two existing equity purchase agreements with
certain financial institutions. Following that purchase, TXU Corp. terminated
both agreements without purchasing additional shares. Settlement of these
agreements had no effect on earnings. No additional repurchases were made and
none are planned for 2004.
In October 2002, TXU Corp. declared a common stock dividend of $0.125 per
share, payable on January 2, 2003, which represented an 80% reduction from the
previous dividend rate. The decrease was in response to capital market concerns
regarding TXU Corp.'s liquidity and the general state of the electricity
industry. (See Note 3 to Financial Statements regarding events related to TXU
Europe). TXU Corp. paid quarterly dividends of $0.60 a share in January 2002,
April 2002, July 2002 and October 2002.
TXU Corp. or its predecessor has declared common stock dividends payable
in cash in each year since incorporation in 1945. The Board of Directors of TXU
Corp., at its February 2004 meeting, declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 a
share, payable April 1, 2004, to shareholders of record on March 5, 2004. TXU
Corp. paid quarterly dividends of $0.125 a share throughout 2003. Future
dividends may vary and are subject to consideration of TXU Corp.'s operating
cash flow levels and capital requirements as well as financial and other
business conditions existing at the time.
Under Texas law, TXU Corp. may only declare dividends out of surplus,
which is statutorily defined as total shareholders' equity less the book value
of common stock (stated capital). The write-off of TXU Corp.'s investment in TXU
Europe resulted in negative surplus. Texas law permits, subject to the receipt
of shareholder approval, the reclassification of stated capital into surplus.
TXU Corp. received such shareholder approval of this reclassification in a
special meeting of shareholders held February 14, 2003. Accordingly,
approximately $8.0 billion was reclassified from stated capital to additional
paid in capital, resulting in an increase of surplus in the same amount. Surplus
at December 31, 2003 was $5.6 billion.
The mortgage of Oncor restricts its payment of dividends to the amount of
its retained earnings. Certain other debt instruments and preferred securities
of TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries contain provisions that restrict payment of
dividends during any interest or distribution payment deferral period or while
any payment default exists. At December 31, 2003, there were no restrictions on
the payment of dividends under these provisions.
Other Capital Transactions -- Since August 2001, TXU Corp.'s requirements
under its Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan have been met
through additional issuances by TXU Corp. of common stock. Issuances under this
plan totaled 508,379, 1,069,264 and 260,243 shares in 2003, 2002 and 2001,
respectively. Shares for the Thrift Plan are purchased on the open market or
from the LESOP trustee.
Capitalization -- The capitalization ratios of TXU Corp. at December 31,
2003, consisted of 2.8% long-term debt held by subsidiary trusts, 7.4%
equity-linked debt securities, 55.7% other long-term debt, less amounts due
currently, 3.3% exchangeable preferred membership interests, 1.5% preference
stock, 0.6% preferred stock of subsidiaries and 28.7% common stock equity. Total
debt to capitalization, including short-term debt, was 67% and 74% at December
31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Short-term Borrowings -- At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had outstanding
short-term borrowings consisting of bank borrowings of approximately $58 million
and commercial paper of $39 million (all in Australia). At December 31, 2002,
TXU Corp. had outstanding short-term borrowings consisting of bank borrowings of
approximately $2.3 billion (predominantly in the US) at a weighted average
interest rate of 2.6% and commercial paper of $18 million (in Australia).
Sale of Receivables -- TXU Corp. has established an accounts receivable
securitization program. The activity under this program is accounted for as a
sale of accounts receivable in accordance with SFAS 140. Under the program, US
subsidiaries of TXU Corp. (originators) sell trade accounts receivable to TXU
Receivables Company, a consolidated wholly-owned bankruptcy remote direct
subsidiary of TXU Corp., which sells undivided interests in the purchased
A-39
accounts receivable for cash to special purpose entities established by
financial institutions. All new trade receivables under the program generated by
the originators are continuously purchased by TXU Receivables Company with the
proceeds from collections of receivables previously purchased. Funding under the
program in 2003 totaled $600 million, which is the maximum amount available, and
$471 million in 2002. The increase of $129 million primarily reflects billing
and collection delays in 2002 due to data compilation and reconciliation issues
among ERCOT and the market participants in the newly deregulated market. See
Note 7 to Financial Statements for a more complete description of the program
including the financial impact on earnings and cash flows for the periods
presented and the contingencies that could result in termination of the program.
Cash and Cash Equivalents -- Cash on hand totaled $875 million and $1.6
billion at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The decline reflects
repayments of borrowings.
Restricted Cash -- Restricted cash at December 31, 2003 includes $525
million related to a $500 million credit facility established in 2003. The
restricted cash represents collateral for letters of credit or loans issued
under the facility. See Note 7 to Financial Statements. Restricted cash of $210
million at December 31, 2002 was used to repay debt in 2003.
Leases -- In February 2002, TXU Corp. sold its interest in its
headquarters building in Dallas, Texas for $145 million. Simultaneously with the
sale of the property, TXU Corp. entered into a twenty-year lease obligation for
the property. At the end of the initial twenty-year term of the lease, TXU Corp.
has the right, but not the obligation, to renew the lease for three ten-year
renewal terms under which rents will be paid based on then-existing market
conditions. The sale was accounted for as a financing and the obligation is
reflected in long-term debt.
Credit Ratings of TXU Corp. and its US and Australian Subsidiaries -- The
current credit ratings for TXU Corp. and certain of its US and Australian
subsidiaries are presented below:
TXU Corp. US Holdings Oncor TXU Energy TXU Gas TXU Australia
--------------- --------------- -------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
(Senior Unsecured)(Senior Unsecured)(Secured)(Senior Unsecured)(Senior Unsecured) (Senior Unsecured)
S&P.............BBB- BBB- BBB BBB BBB BBB
Moody's.........Ba1 Baa3 Baa1 Baa2 Baa3 Baa2
Fitch...........BBB- BBB- BBB+ BBB BBB- BBB-
Moody's currently maintains a negative outlook for TXU Corp., TXU Gas and
TXU Australia, and a stable outlook for US Holdings, TXU Energy and Oncor. Fitch
currently maintains a positive outlook for TXU Australia and a stable outlook
for the remaining entities. S&P currently maintains a negative outlook for each
such entity.
These ratings are investment grade, except for Moody's rating of TXU
Corp.'s senior unsecured debt, which is one notch below investment grade.
A rating reflects only the view of a rating agency, and is not a
recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. Any rating can be revised upward
or downward at any time by a rating agency if such rating agency decides that
circumstances warrant such a change.
Financial Covenants, Credit Rating Provisions and Cross Default Provisions
- -- The terms of certain financing arrangements of TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries
contain financial covenants that require maintenance of specified fixed charge
coverage ratios, shareholders' equity to total capitalization ratios and
leverage ratios and/or contain minimum net worth covenants. TXU Energy's
exchangeable preferred membership interests also limit its incurrence of
additional indebtedness unless a leverage ratio and interest coverage test are
met on a pro forma basis. As of December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. and its
subsidiaries were in compliance with all such applicable covenants.
A-40
Certain financing and other arrangements of TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries
contain provisions that are specifically affected by changes in credit ratings
and also include cross default provisions. The material credit rating and cross
default provisions are described below.
Other agreements of TXU Corp., including some of the credit facilities
discussed above, contain terms pursuant to which the interest rates charged
under the agreements may be adjusted depending on the credit ratings of TXU
Corp. or its subsidiaries.
Credit Rating Covenants
- -----------------------
In the event of a decline in the credit rating for TXU Corp.'s unsecured,
senior long-term obligations to two notches below investment grade (i.e., to or
below 'BB' by S&P or Fitch or 'Ba2' by Moody's), coupled with a decline in the
market price of TXU Corp. common stock below $21.93 per share for ten
consecutive trading days, TXU Corp. would be required to sell equity or
otherwise raise cash proceeds sufficient to repay Pinnacle's senior secured
notes ($560 million outstanding at December 31, 2003). The market price of TXU
Corp.'s common stock was above the stated level as of December 31, 2003. TXU
Corp. has notified holders of the Pinnacle senior notes that it intends to
redeem all of the notes outstanding on March 18, 2004. Upon completing the
redemption, the credit rating covenants mentioned above will be eliminated.
TXU Energy has provided a guarantee of the obligations under TXU Corp.'s
lease (approximately $130 million at December 31, 2003) for its headquarters
building. In the event of a downgrade of TXU Energy's credit rating to below
investment grade, a letter of credit would need to be provided within 30 days of
any such ratings decline.
TXU Energy has entered into certain commodity contracts and lease
arrangements that in some instances give the other party the right, but not the
obligation, to request TXU Energy to post collateral in the event that its
credit rating falls below investment grade.
Based on its current commodity contract positions, if TXU Energy were
downgraded below investment grade by any specified rating agency, counterparties
would have the option to request TXU Energy to post additional collateral of
approximately $145 million.
In addition, TXU Energy has a number of other contractual arrangements
where the counterparties would have the right to request TXU Energy post
collateral if its credit rating was downgraded below investment grade by all
three rating agencies. The amount TXU Energy would post under these transactions
depends in part on the value of the contracts at that time. As of December 31,
2003, based on current market conditions, the maximum TXU Energy would post for
these transactions is $247 million. Of this amount, $228 million relates to one
specific counterparty.
TXU Energy is also the obligor on leases aggregating $161 million. Under
the terms of those leases, if TXU Energy's credit rating were downgraded to
below investment grade by any specified rating agency, TXU Energy could be
required to sell the assets, assign the leases to a new obligor that is
investment grade, post a letter of credit or defease the leases.
ERCOT also has rules in place to assure adequate credit worthiness for
parties that schedule power on the ERCOT System. Under those rules, if TXU
Energy's credit rating were downgraded to below investment grade by any
specified rating agency, TXU Energy could be required to post collateral of
approximately $32 million.
In the event that TXU Australia's credit rating was downgraded to below
investment grade, there are cross currency swaps and interest rate swaps in
effect with banks who have the right to terminate the swaps. These contracts are
currently out of the money by $11 million on a net basis.
TXU Australia has several contracts that may require additional guarantees
or cash collateral totaling approximately $58 million if its credit rating was
downgraded to below investment grade, or if there was a material adverse change
in its financial condition.
A-41
Cross Default Provisions
- ------------------------
Certain financing arrangements of TXU Corp. contain provisions that would
result in an event of default if there were a failure under other financing
arrangements to meet payment terms or to observe other covenants that would
result in an acceleration of payments due. Such provisions are referred to as
"cross default" provisions.
A default by US Holdings or any subsidiary thereof on financing
arrangements of $50 million or more would result in a cross default under the
$1.4 billion US Holdings five-year revolving credit facility, the $400 million
US Holdings credit facility and $30 million of TXU Mining senior notes (which
have a $1 million cross default threshold).
A default by TXU Energy or Oncor or any subsidiary thereof in respect of
indebtedness in a principal amount in excess of $50 million would result in a
cross default for such party under the TXU Energy/Oncor $450 million revolving
credit facility. Under this credit facility, a default by TXU Energy or any
subsidiary thereof would cause the maturity of outstanding balances under such
facility to be accelerated as to TXU Energy, but not as to Oncor. Also, under
this credit facility, a default by Oncor or any subsidiary thereof would cause
the maturity of outstanding balances under such facility to be accelerated as to
Oncor, but not as to TXU Energy.
A default by TXU Corp. on indebtedness of $50 million or more would result
in a cross default under the new $500 million five-year revolving credit
facility.
A default or similar event under the terms of the TXU Energy exchangeable
preferred membership interests that results in the acceleration (or other
mandatory repayment prior to the mandatory redemption date) of such security or
the failure to pay such security at the mandatory redemption date would result
in a default under TXU Energy's $1.25 billion senior unsecured notes.
TXU Corp.'s Notes due 2004, which are held by Pinnacle in a trust, and
Pinnacle's 8.83% Senior Secured Notes due 2004, contain cross default provisions
relating to a failure to pay principal or interest on indebtedness of TXU Corp.
or TXU Communications (in the case of the 8.83% Senior Secured Notes due 2004)
in a principal amount of $50 million or above. TXU Corp. has notified holders of
the Pinnacle senior notes that it intends to redeem all of the notes outstanding
on March 18, 2004. Upon completing the redemption, the cross default covenants
mentioned above will be eliminated.
TXU Energy has entered into certain mining and equipment leasing
arrangements aggregating $118 million that would terminate upon the default of
any other obligations of TXU Energy owed to the lessor. In the event of a
default by TXU Mining, a subsidiary of TXU Energy, on indebtedness in excess of
$1 million, a cross default would result under the $31 million TXU Mining
leveraged lease and the lease could terminate.
The accounts receivable program also contains a cross default provision
with a threshold of $50 million applicable to each of the originators under the
program. TXU Receivables Company and TXU Business Services each have a cross
default threshold of $50,000. If either an originator, TXU Business Services or
TXU Receivables Company defaults on indebtedness of the applicable threshold,
the facility could terminate.
TXU Energy enters into energy-related contracts, the master forms of which
contain provisions whereby an event of default would occur if TXU Energy were to
default under an obligation in respect of borrowings in excess of thresholds
stated in the contracts, which thresholds vary.
A default by TXU Gas or any of its material subsidiaries on indebtedness
of $25 million or more would result in a cross default under TXU Gas' senior
notes.
Defaults by TXU Australia or its subsidiaries on financing arrangements
and interest rate, currency and commodity derivatives would result in
cross-defaults under other financing arrangements (including senior bank
facilities and senior debt) and interest rate, currency and commodity
derivatives of TXU Australia and its subsidiaries. The cross-default provisions
A-42
in these instruments vary in terms of which entities can cause cross-defaults
and the thresholds at which defaults would result in cross-defaults. Defaults by
TXU Australia or its subsidiaries would not result in cross-defaults under
material financing arrangements of TXU Corp. and its other subsidiaries and
defaults by TXU Corp. or its other subsidiaries would not result in
cross-defaults under material financing arrangements of TXU Australia and its
subsidiaries.
TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries have other arrangements, including interest
rate swap agreements and leases with cross default provisions, the triggering of
which would not result in a significant effect on liquidity.
Long-term Contractual Obligations and Commitments -- The following table
summarizes the contractual cash obligations of TXU Corp. under specified
contractual obligations in effect as of December 31, 2003 (see Notes 7 and 18 to
Financial Statements for additional disclosures regarding terms of these
obligations.) Because of new disclosure requirements, this table includes
commitment amounts not previously disclosed.
-------------------------------------------
Contractual Cash Obligations More
----------------------------- Less One to Three to Than
Than One Three Five Five
Year Years Years Years
---- ----- ----- -----
Long-term debt and preferred membership interest -
principal and interest/dividends................ $1,888 $2,961 $2,207 $15,574
Operating leases and capital lease obligations (a) 104 190 172 510
Purchase obligations (b)........................... 2,926 2,078 1,185 3,043
Other liabilities on the balance sheet -
Pension and other postretirement liabilities -
US plan contributions (c).................... 115 243 233 115
------ ------ ------ -------
Total contractual cash obligations......... $5,033 $5,472 $3,797 $19,242
====== ====== ====== =======
- --------------------------
(a) Includes short term noncancelable leases
(b) Includes capacity payments, gas take or pay contracts, coal contracts, and
other purchase obligations. Amounts presented for variable priced contracts
assumed the year-end 2003 price remained in effect for all periods except
where contractual price adjustments or index-based prices were specified.
(c) Projections of cash contributions to US qualified pension and other
postretirement benefit plans for the years 2004-2009.
The following contractual obligations were excluded from the purchase
obligations disclosure in the table above:
(1) contracts between affiliated entities.
(2) individual contracts that have an annual cash requirement of less than $1
million. (However, multiple contracts with one counterparty that are
individually less than $1 million have been aggregated.)
(3) contracts that are cancelable without payment of a substantial cancellation
penalty.
(4) employment contracts with management.
Guarantees -- See Note 18 to Financial Statements for details of
guarantees.
Investing Activities
- --------------------
In April 2002, TXU Energy acquired a cogeneration and wholesale energy
production business in New Jersey for $36 million in cash. The acquisition
included a 122 megawatt (MW) combined-cycle power production facility and
various contracts, including electric supply and gas transportation agreements.
The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase business combination, and its
results of operations are reflected in the consolidated financial statements
from the acquisition date.
In May 2002, TXU Energy acquired a 260 MW combined-cycle power generation
facility in northwest Texas through a settlement agreement which dismissed a
lawsuit previously filed related to the plant, and included a nominal cash
payment. TXU Energy previously purchased all of the electrical output of this
plant under a long-term contract.
A-43
In April 2002, TXU Energy completed the sale of two electricity generation
plants in the Dallas-Fort Worth area with total capacity of 2,334 MW for $443
million in cash. Concurrent with the sale, TXU Energy entered into a tolling
agreement to purchase power during the summer months through 2006. The terms of
the tolling agreement include above-market pricing, representing a fair value
liability of $190 million. A pretax gain on the sale of $146 million, net of the
effects of the tolling agreement, was deferred and is being recognized in other
income during summer months over the five-year term of the tolling agreement.
Both the value of the tolling agreement and the deferred gain are reported in
other liabilities in the balance sheet. The amount of the gain recognized in
other income in 2003 was approximately $30 million.
TXU Corp. may pursue potential investment opportunities if it concludes
that such investments are consistent with its business strategies and will
dispose of nonstrategic assets to allow redeployment of resources into faster
growing opportunities in an effort to enhance the long-term return to its
shareholders.
Future Capital Expenditures -- Capital expenditures are estimated at $1.1
billion for 2004, substantially all of which are for maintenance and organic
growth of existing operations, and are expected to be funded by cash flows from
operations. Approximately 59% is planned for the Energy Delivery segment, 30%
for the Energy segment, 10% for Australia and 1% for other activities.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
With the acquisition of the other partner's interest in the Pinnacle
telecommunications joint venture in May 2003, the only remaining significant off
balance sheet arrangement consists of the sale of receivables program. See
discussion above under Sale of Receivables and in Note 7 to Financial
Statements.
See Note 17 to Financial Statements for a discussion of the investment in
the telecommunications business and contingencies related to potential equity
security issuances under the original joint venture arrangement.
Under Rule 309 of Regulation S-X, TXU Corp. filed separate audited
financial statements of Pinnacle by an amendment to its December 31, 2002 Form
10-K. Those financial statements are included elsewhere in this Form 10-K as
Appendix C.
TXU Corp. has equity ownership interests in entities that are not
consolidated. These include operating businesses such as the Australia SEA Gas
pipeline joint venture as well as financing trusts not consolidated under FIN
46. See Notes 5 and 10 for disclosures related to these interests. There are no
material contingencies related to these interests.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Consistent with industry practices, TXU Energy has decided to replace the
four steam generators in one of the two generation units of the Comanche Peak
nuclear plant in order to maintain the operating efficiency of the unit. An
agreement for the manufacture and delivery of the equipment was completed in
October 2003, and delivery is scheduled for late 2006. Estimated project capital
requirements, including purchase and installation, are $175 million to $225
million. Cash outflows are expected to occur in 2004 through 2007, with the
significant majority after 2004.
See Note 18 to Financial Statements for a discussion of other commitments
and contingencies, including guarantees.
A-44
REGULATION AND RATES
Information Request From CFTC -- In October 2003, TXU Corp. received an
informal request for information from the US Commodity Futures Trading
Commission (CFTC) seeking voluntary production of information concerning
disclosure of price and volume information furnished by TXU Portfolio Management
Company LP to energy industry publications. The request seeks information for
the period from January 1, 1999 to the present. TXU Corp. has cooperated with
the CFTC, and is in the process of completing its response to such information
request. TXU Corp. believes that TXU Portfolio Management Company LP was not
engaged in any reporting of price or volume information that would in any way
justify any action by the CFTC.
1999 Restructuring Legislation and Settlement Plan -- On December 31,
2001, US Holdings filed the Settlement Plan with the Commission. It resolved all
major pending issues related to US Holdings' transition to electricity
competition pursuant to the 1999 Restructuring Legislation. The Settlement Plan
does not remove regulatory oversight of Oncor's business nor does it eliminate
TXU Energy's price-to-beat rates and related fuel adjustments. The Settlement
Plan became final and non-appealable in January 2003. See Note 16 to Financial
Statements for the major elements of the Settlement Plan, the most significant
of which on a go-forward basis are the retail clawback credit and the issuance
of securitization bonds to recover regulatory asset stranded costs.
Price-to-Beat Rates - Under the 1999 Restructuring Legislation, TXU Energy
is required to continue to charge a "price-to-beat" rate established by the
Commission to residential customers (and to offer, along with other pricing
alternatives, this rate to small business customers) in the historical service
territory. The rate can be adjusted upward or downward twice a year, subject to
approval by the Commission, for changes in the market price of natural gas. TXU
Energy increased its price-to-beat rate in March and August of 2003.
Wholesale market design - In August 2003, the Commission adopted a rule
that, if fully implemented, would alter the wholesale market design in ERCOT.
The rule requires ERCOT:
o to use a stakeholder process to develop a new wholesale market model;
o to operate a voluntary day-ahead energy market;
o to directly assign all congestion rents to the resources that caused the
congestion;
o to use nodal energy prices for resources;
o to provide information for energy trading hubs by aggregating nodes;
o to use zonal prices for loads; and
o to provide congestion revenue rights (but not physical rights).
Under the rule, the proposed market design and associated cost-benefit
analysis is to be filed with the Commission by November 1, 2004 and is to be
implemented by October 1, 2006. TXU Energy is currently unable to predict the
cost or impact of implementing any proposed change to the current wholesale
market design.
Transmission Rates -- In May 2003, the Commission approved an increase in
Oncor's wholesale transmission tariffs (rates) charged to distribution utilities
that became effective immediately. In March and August 2003 and March 2004, the
Commission approved increases in the transmission cost recovery component of
Oncor's distribution rates charged to REPs. The combined effect of these four
increases in both the transmission and distribution rates is an estimated $62
million of incremental revenues to Oncor on an annualized basis. With respect to
the impact on TXU Corp.'s consolidated results, the higher distribution rates
result in reduced margin on TXU Energy's sales to those retail customers with
pricing that does not provide for recovery of higher delivery fees, principally
price-to-beat customers.
On March 3, 2004, Oncor filed an annual request for interim update of its
wholesale transmission rates. Oncor requested a total annualized revenue
increase of $14 million effective April 7, 2004.
Gas Distribution Rates -- In May 2003, TXU Gas filed, for the first time,
a system-wide rate case for the distribution and pipeline operations. The case
was filed in all 437 incorporated cities served by the distribution operations,
and at the RRC for the pipeline business and for unincorporated areas served by
the distribution operations. The TXU Gas filing requested an annual revenue
increase of $69.5 million or 7.24%. All 437 cities took action on the case
within their statutory time frame, and TXU Gas has appealed these actions to the
RRC. Based on the current procedural schedule, TXU Gas expects a final order
from the RRC in the second quarter of 2004.
A-45
Australia -- The distribution tariffs for electricity until December 31,
2005, and for gas until December 31, 2007, are determined by the Essential
Services Commission. The gas distribution tariffs were increased by 2.2% for
2003, and for each subsequent year, the tariffs are to increase by 0.8% plus the
Consumer Price Index (CPI) increase. The electricity distribution tariffs are to
increase by the CPI less 1% each year.
In Victoria and New South Wales, the residential electricity markets have
both become competitive since January 2002, and the residential gas markets have
become competitive in New South Wales from January 2002 and in Victoria from
October 2002. The residential and small business energy prices are still subject
to oversight (through price caps) by the government bodies of the respective
States of Victoria and New South Wales.
In South Australia, the residential electricity market has been
competitive since January 2003, although the residential and small business
energy prices offered by incumbent retailers are still regulated and determined
by the South Australian government. TXU Australia entered into this market in
March 2003.
Summary -- Although TXU Corp. cannot predict future regulatory or
legislative actions or any changes in economic and securities market conditions,
no changes are expected in trends or commitments, other than those discussed in
this report, which might significantly alter its basic financial position,
results of operations or cash flows.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk that TXU Corp. may experience a loss in value as a
result of changes in market conditions such as commodity prices, interest rates
or foreign currency exchange rates, which TXU Corp. is exposed to in the
ordinary course of business. TXU Corp.'s exposure to market risk is affected by
a number of factors, including the size, duration and composition of its energy
and financial portfolio, as well as volatility and liquidity of markets. TXU
Corp. enters into financial instruments such as interest and currency rate swaps
to manage interest rate risks and foreign currency exchange rate risks related
to its indebtedness, as well as exchange traded, over the counter contracts and
other contractual commitments to manage commodity price risk in its portfolio
management activities.
RISK OVERSIGHT
TXU Corp.'s portfolio management operation manages the market, credit and
operational risk of the unregulated energy business within limitations
established by senior management and in accordance with TXU Corp.'s overall risk
management policies. Market risks are monitored daily by risk management groups
that operate and report independently of the portfolio management operations,
utilizing industry accepted practices and analytical methodologies. These
techniques measure the risk and change in value of the portfolio of contracts
and the hypothetical effect on this value from changes in market conditions and
include, but are not limited to, Value at Risk (VaR) methodologies.
TXU Corp. has a corporate risk management organization that is headed by a
chief risk officer. The chief risk officer, through his designees, enforces the
VaR limits by region, including the respective policies and procedures to ensure
compliance with such limits and evaluates the risks inherent in the various
businesses of TXU Corp. and their associated transactions. Key risk control
activities include, but are not limited to, credit review and approval,
operational and market risk measurement, validation of transactions, portfolio
valuation and daily portfolio reporting, including mark-to-market valuation, VaR
and other risk measurement metrics.
A-46
In connection with Mr. Wilder's review of operations, as discussed above
under Management Change, TXU Corp. has engaged a consulting firm to review its
portfolio management activities. The review, which commenced in March 2004, will
cover governance and risk policies, the control environment and management
processes. The purpose of the review is primarily to identify opportunities,
if any, to improve the effectiveness of portfolio management operations.
COMMODITY PRICE RISK
TXU Corp. is subject to the inherent risks of market fluctuations in the
price of electricity, natural gas and other energy-related products marketed and
purchased. TXU Corp. actively manages its portfolio of owned generation assets,
fuel supply and retail sales load to mitigate the near-term impacts of these
risks on its results of operations. TXU Corp., as well as any participant in the
market, cannot manage the long-term value impact of structural declines or
increases in natural gas, power and oil prices and spark spreads (differences
between the market price of electricity and its cost of production).
In managing energy price risk, TXU Corp. enters into short- and long-term
physical contracts, financial contracts that are traded on exchanges and
over-the-counter, and bilateral contracts with customers. Speculative trading
activities represent a small fraction of the portfolio management process. The
portfolio management operation continuously monitors the valuation of identified
risks and adjusts the portfolio based on current market conditions. Valuation
adjustments or reserves are established in recognition that certain risks exist
until full delivery of energy has occurred, counterparties have fulfilled their
financial commitments and related financial instruments have either matured or
are closed out.
TXU Corp. strives to use consistent assumptions regarding forward market
price curves in evaluating and recording the effects of commodity price risk.
One measure of commodity price risk is the effect of a change in natural
gas prices on operating results. For every $0.50 per million British thermal
units (Btu) reduction in natural gas prices in the US, there would be a $250
million reduction in annual pre-tax earnings assuming sales prices of
electricity declined accordingly, no hedges were in place and other non-price
conditions were unchanged. This effect would be mitigated in the near-term by
the impact of regulatory mechanisms that affect the timing and frequency of
price-to-beat rate changes, as well as the contractual nature of revenues
related to large business customers. Further, hedging positions in place would
partially offset the near-term effect of a decline in natural gas prices. The
near-term and longer-term effects of lower gas prices would also depend on
competitors' pricing actions and TXU Corp.'s actions to reduce operating and
SG&A costs. TXU Corp.'s base load power production costs would be largely
unaffected by a decline in gas prices. A $0.50 move in gas prices represents
a change of approximately 10% in the current forward price.
To supplement the discussion of sensitivities of commodity price risk, VaR
and related measures are presented below. The value of TXU Corp.'s long-term
asset portfolio cannot be easily extrapolated under conventional VaR
methodologies. Because of the correlation of power and natural gas prices in the
Texas market, structural decreases or increases in natural gas prices that are
sustained over a multi-year period result in a correspondingly lower or higher
value of TXU Corp.'s base load generation assets.
VaR Methodology -- A VaR methodology is used to measure the amount of
market risk that exists within the portfolio under a variety of market
conditions. The resultant VaR produces an estimate of a portfolio's potential
for loss given a specified confidence level and considers among other things,
market movements utilizing standard statistical techniques given historical and
projected market prices and volatilities. Stress testing of market variables is
also conducted to simulate and address abnormal market conditions.
The use of this method requires a number of key assumptions, such as use
of (i) an assumed confidence level; (ii) an assumed holding period (i.e. the
time necessary for management action, such as to liquidate positions); and (iii)
historical estimates of volatility and correlation data.
A-47
VaR for Energy Contracts Subject to Mark-to-Market Accounting -- This
measurement estimates the potential loss in value, due to changes in market
conditions, of all energy-related contracts subject to mark-to-market
accounting, based on a specific confidence level and an assumed holding period.
Assumptions in determining this VaR include using a 95% confidence level and a
five-day holding period. A probabilistic simulation methodology is used to
calculate VaR, and is considered by management to be the most effective way to
estimate changes in a portfolio's value based on assumed market conditions for
liquid markets. TXU Australia uses a variance-covariance methodology in deriving
its VaR calculation, due to the differences in its market as compared to that of
TXU Energy.
December 31, December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
Period-end MtM VaR:
------------------
TXU Energy................................ $ 15 $ 23
TXU Australia ............................ $ 12 $ 13
Average Month-end MtM VaR:
-------------------------
TXU Energy................................ $ 25 $ 38
TXU Australia ............................ $ 16 $ 15
Portfolio VaR -- Represents the estimated potential loss in value, due to
changes in market conditions, of the entire energy portfolio, including owned
generation assets, estimates of retail sales load and all contractual positions
(the portfolio assets). The Portfolio VaR calculations for TXU Energy and
Australia represent a ten year and five year view, respectively, of owned assets
based on the nature of their particular markets. If the life of an asset extends
beyond the ten or five year duration period, the VaR calculation does not
measure the associated risk inherent in the asset over its full life. The
Portfolio VaR for TXU Australia does not include the gas commodity portfolio due
to a relatively illiquid gas market which does not lend itself to reliable
statistical measure. Assumptions in determining the total Portfolio VaR include
using a 95% confidence level and a five-day holding period and includes both
mark-to-market and accrual positions.
December 31, December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
Period-end Portfolio VaR:
TXU Energy................................. $199 $144
TXU Australia ............................ $ 23 $ 22
Average Month-end Portfolio VaR:
TXU Energy (a)............................. $181 N/A
TXU Australia.............................. $ 22 $ 23
(a) Comparable information on an average VaR basis is not available for
the full year 2002.
Other Risk Measures -- The metrics appearing below provide information
regarding the effect of changes in energy market conditions on earnings and cash
flow of TXU Energy. Similar metrics for TXU Australia are not available.
Earnings at Risk (EaR) -- EaR measures the estimated potential loss
of expected pretax earnings for the year presented due to changes in
market conditions. EaR metrics include the owned generation assets, estimates of
retail load and all contractual positions except for accrual positions expected
to be settled beyond the fiscal year. Assumptions include using a 95% confidence
level over a five-day holding period under normal market conditions.
A-48
Cash Flow at Risk (CFaR) -- CFaR measures the estimated potential loss of
expected cash flow over the next six months, due to changes in market
conditions. CFaR metrics include all owned generation assets, estimates of
retail load and all contractual positions that impact cash flow during the next
six months. Assumptions include using a 99% confidence level over a six-month
holding period under normal market conditions.
December 31, December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
EaR ................................. $ 15 $ 28
CFaR ................................ $ 67 $178
A-49
INTEREST RATE RISK
The table below provides information concerning TXU Corp.'s financial
instruments as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, that are sensitive to changes in
interest rates, which include debt obligations, interest rate swaps and
preferred securities subject to mandatory redemption. TXU Corp. has entered into
interest rate swaps under which it has agreed to exchange the difference between
fixed-rate and variable-rate interest amounts calculated with reference to
specified notional principal amounts at dates that generally coincide with
interest payments. For long-term debt held by unconsolidated subsidiary trusts
(see Note 5 to Financial Statements), the table presents cash flows based on
December 31, 2003 book value and the related weighted average rate by expected
redemption date. The weighted average rate is based on the rate in effect at the
reporting date. Capital leases and the effects of unamortized premiums and
discounts and fair value hedges are excluded from the table. See Note 8 to
Financial Statements for a discussion of changes in debt obligations.
Expected Maturity Date
---------------------------------------------
2003 2002
There- 2003 Fair 2002 Fair
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 After Total Value Total Value
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Equity linked debt
Fixed rate -- -- $ 500 $ 500 $ 440 -- $1,440 $ 990 $ 1,440 $ 825
Average interest rate -- -- 4.75% 5.45% 5.80% -- 5.31% -- 5.31% --
Long-term debt held by
subsidiary trusts
Fixed rate -- -- -- -- - $ 391 $ 391 $ 399 $ 391 $ 369
Average interest rate -- -- -- -- -- 7.82% 7.82% -- 7.82% --
Variable rate -- -- -- -- -- $ 155 $ 155 $ 155 $ 155 $ 155
Average interest rate -- -- -- -- -- 2.51% 2.51% -- 3.16% --
All other long-term debt
Fixed rate (a) $ 677 $ 473 $ 853 $ 264 $ 630 $6,397 $9,294 $10,958 $ 8,593 $ 8,577
Average interest rate 6.49% 6.69% 6.25% 5.14% 6.23% 6.64% 6.52% -- 6.43% --
Variable rate -- -- $ 250 $ 206 -- $1,771 $2,227 $2,292 $ 1,754 $ 1,800
Average interest rate -- -- 6.09% 5.93% -- 4.17% 4.54% -- 4.68% --
Preferred stock of
subsidiaries
Fixed rate -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- $ 21 $ 15
Average interest rate -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.69% --
Exchangeable preferred
membership interest (b)
Fixed rate -- -- -- -- -- $ 750 $ 750 $1,580 $ 750 $ 1,076
Average interest rate -- -- -- -- -- 9.00% 9.00% -- 9.00% --
Interest rate swaps
Variable to fixed $ 93 $ 356 $ 682 $ 540 $ 75 $ 247 $1,992 $ (8) $ 1,800 $ (57)
Average pay rate 6.48% 6.34% 6.15% 5.77% 5.86% 6.19% 6.09% -- 6.10% --
Average receive rate 5.64% 5.43% 5.21% 5.51% 4.93% 5.35% 5.36% -- 4.68% --
Fixed to variable -- -- $ 250 -- -- $ 600 $ 850 $ 54 $ 594 $ 57
Average pay rate -- -- 1.17% -- -- 2.96% 2.43% -- 2.80% --
Average receive rate -- -- 6.75% -- -- 7.04% 6.96% -- 6.47% --
- -------------------------
(a)Reflects the maturity date and not the remarketing date for certain debt
which is subject to mandatory tender for remarketing prior to maturity. See
Note 8 to Financial Statements for details concerning long-term debt subject
to mandatory tender for remarketing.
(b)Amounts for 2002 were included in long-term debt as exchangeable debt.
A-50
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
TXU Corp. has exposure to foreign currency risks, primarily associated
with the Australian operations. TXU Australia has accessed the US capital
markets and issued dollar denominated obligations. TXU Corp. enters into
currency swaps, options and forwards, where appropriate, to manage foreign
currency exposure. The following table summarizes notional amounts at the
contract exchange rates, weighted-average contractual exchange rates and
estimated fair value by contract maturity for open contracts at December 31,
2003 and 2002:
Expected Maturity Date
---------------------------------------------------
(Millions of dollars, except exchange rates) 2003 2002
There- 2003 Fair Fair
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 after Total Value Value
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- -----
Australian dollar -- -- $ 250 -- -- $ 400 $ 650 $ (17) $ 95
Average exchange rate -- -- $ 0.69 -- -- $ 0.75 $ 0.73 -- --
TXU Corp. enters into average rate options to hedge a significant portion
of the currency exposure related to the reported earnings of TXU Australia.
These hedges are marked-to-market and establish a floor to minimize any
unfavorable exchange rate movements, while still allowing for full participation
in favorable movements. There were no mark-to-market effects recorded in 2003,
as the exchange rate movements were favorable. There were no options in place at
December 31, 2003 and 2002. In early 2004, TXU Corp. entered into such options
to hedge the currency exposure related to reported 2004 earnings.
CREDIT RISK
Credit risk relates to the risk of loss associated with non-performance by
counterparties.
Gross Credit Exposure -- TXU Corp.'s regional gross exposure to credit
risk as of December 31, 2003, is as follows:
Region Credit Exposure
------ ---------------
US............................ $2,274
Australia..................... 539
------
Consolidated.................. $2,813
======
TXU Corp.'s gross exposure to credit risk represents trade accounts
receivable (net of allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable of $60
million), as well as commodity contract assets and other derivative assets that
arise primarily from hedging activities. Credit is coordinated between regions
to reduce exposure on a consolidated basis, to provide transparency between
regions with respect to economic, regulatory, weather and other conditions, and
to communicate objectives and processes through various risk committees and
forums.
A large share of gross assets subject to credit risk represents accounts
receivable from the retail sale of electricity and gas to residential and small
business customers. The risk of material loss (after consideration of
allowances) from non-performance by these customers is unlikely based upon
historical experience. Allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable are
established for the potential loss from non-payment by these customers based on
historical experience and market or operational conditions. In addition, Oncor
has exposure to credit risk as a result of non-performance by nonaffiliated
REPs.
Most of the remaining trade accounts receivable are with large business
customers and hedging counterparties. These counterparties include major energy
companies, financial institutions, gas and electric utilities, independent power
producers, oil and gas producers and energy trading companies.
A-51
Concentration of Credit Risk -- The exposure to credit risk from these
customers and counterparties, excluding credit collateral, as of December 31,
2003, is $1.3 billion net of standardized master netting contracts and
agreements that provide the right of offset of positive and negative credit
exposures with individual customers and counterparties. When considering
collateral currently held by TXU Corp. (cash, letters of credit and other
security interests), the net credit exposure is $1.0 billion. Of this amount,
approximately 87% of the associated exposure is with investment grade customers
and counterparties, as determined using publicly available information including
major rating agencies' published ratings and TXU Corp.'s internal credit
evaluation process. Those customers and counterparties without an S&P rating of
at least BBB- or similar rating from another major rating agency are rated using
internal credit methodologies and credit scoring models to estimate an S&P
equivalent rating. TXU Corp. routinely monitors and manages its credit exposure
to these customers and counterparties on this basis.
The following table presents the distribution of credit exposure as of
December 31, 2003, for trade accounts receivable from large business customers,
commodity contract assets and other derivative assets that arise primarily from
hedging activities, by investment grade and noninvestment grade, credit quality
and maturity.
Exposure by Maturity
-----------------------------------------
Exposure
before Greater
Credit Credit Net 2 years or Between than 5
Collateral Collateral Exposure less 2-5 years years Total
---------- ---------- -------- ---- --------- ----- -----
Investment grade $ 1,016 $118 $898 $ 591 $ 174 $ 133 $
898
Noninvestment grade 250 112 138 106 18 14 138
Totals --------- -------- -------- ------- ------ ------ ------
$1,266 $ 230 $ 1,036 $ 697 $ 192 $ 147 $1,036
======== ======= ======= ====== ===== ===== ======
Investment grade 80% 51% 87%
Noninvestment grade 20% 49% 13%
TXU Corp. had no exposure to any one customer or counterparty greater than
10% of the net exposure of $1.0 billion at December 31, 2003. Additionally,
approximately 67% of the credit exposure, net of collateral held, has a maturity
date of two years or less. TXU Corp. does not anticipate any material adverse
effect on its financial position or results of operations as a result of
non-performance by any customer or counterparty.
RISK FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
The following risk factors are being presented in consideration of
industry practice with respect to disclosure of such information in filings
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Some important factors, in addition to others specifically addressed in
this MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS, that could have a material impact on TXU Corp.'s operations,
financial results and financial condition, and could cause TXU Corp.'s actual
results or outcomes to differ materially from any projected outcome contained in
any forward-looking statement in this report, include:
ERCOT is the independent system operator that is responsible for
maintaining reliable operation of the bulk electric power supply system in the
ERCOT region. Its responsibilities include the clearing and settlement of
electricity volumes and related ancillary services among the various
participants in the deregulated Texas market. Because of new processes and
systems associated with the opening of the market to competition, which continue
to be improved, there have been delays in finalizing these settlements. As a
result, TXU Corp. is subject to settlement adjustments from ERCOT related to
prior periods, which may result in charges or credits impacting future reported
results of operations.
A-52
TXU Corp.'s businesses operate in changing market environments influenced
by various legislative and regulatory initiatives regarding deregulation,
regulation or restructuring of the energy industry, including deregulation of
the production and sale of electricity. TXU Corp. will need to adapt to these
changes and may face increasing competitive pressure.
TXU Corp.'s US businesses are subject to changes in laws (including the
Texas Public Utility Regulatory Act, as amended, the Texas Gas Utility
Regulatory Act, as amended, the Federal Power Act, as amended, the Atomic Energy
Act, as amended, the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, as amended,
the Natural Gas Act, as amended, the Natural Gas Policy Act, as amended, and the
Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended) and changing
governmental policy and regulatory actions (including those of the Commission,
the RRC, the FERC and the NRC) with respect to matters including, but not
limited to, operation of nuclear power facilities, construction and operation of
other power generation facilities, construction and operation of transmission
facilities, acquisition, disposal, depreciation, and amortization of regulated
assets and facilities, recovery of purchased gas costs, decommissioning costs,
and return on invested capital for TXU Corp.'s regulated businesses, and present
or prospective wholesale and retail competition.
TXU Corp. believes that the electricity market in ERCOT is workably
competitive. TXU Corp. is the largest owner of generation and has the largest
retail position in ERCOT, and, along with other market participants, is subject
to oversight by the Commission. In that connection, TXU Corp. and other market
participants may be subject to various competition-related rules and
regulations, including but not limited to possible price-mitigation rules, as
well as rules related to market behavior.
TXU Australia is currently subject to multiple federal and state
regulators and regulations in the distribution and retail sectors that impose
limitations on the energy retail prices it can charge and returns on its
distribution assets, impose substantial costs on its business and seek to
promote competition in its markets. In addition, federal competition regulations
and Victorian state restrictions of cross-ownership of power generation, energy
distribution and energy retail operations could impede acquisitions by TXU
Australia and other business strategies.
Existing laws and regulations governing the market structure in Texas and
Australia could be reconsidered, revised or reinterpreted, or new laws or
regulations could be adopted.
TXU Corp. is not guaranteed any rate of return on its capital investments
in unregulated businesses. TXU Corp. markets and trades power, including power
from its own production facilities, as part of its wholesale energy sales
business and portfolio management operation. TXU Corp.'s results of operations
are likely to depend, in large part, upon prevailing retail rates, which are
set, in part, by regulatory authorities, and market prices for electricity, gas
and coal in its regional market and other competitive markets. Market prices may
fluctuate substantially over relatively short periods of time. Demand for
electricity can fluctuate dramatically, creating periods of substantial under-
or over-supply. During periods of over-supply, prices might be depressed. Also,
at times there may be political pressure, or pressure from regulatory
authorities with jurisdiction over wholesale and retail energy commodity and
transportation rates, to impose price limitations, bidding rules and other
mechanisms to address volatility and other issues in these markets.
TXU Corp.'s US regulated businesses are subject to cost-of-service
regulation and annual earnings oversight. This regulatory treatment does not
provide any assurance as to achievement of earnings levels. Oncor's rates are
regulated by the Commission based on an analysis of Oncor's costs, as reviewed
and approved in a regulatory proceeding. While rate regulation is premised on
the full recovery of prudently incurred costs and a reasonable rate of return on
invested capital, there can be no assurance that the Commission will judge all
of TXU Corp.'s costs to have been prudently incurred or that the regulatory
process in which rates are determined will always result in rates that will
produce full recovery of TXU Corp.'s costs and the return on invested capital
allowed by the Commission.
Some of the fuel for TXU Corp.'s power production facilities is purchased
under short-term contracts or on the spot market. Prices of fuel, including
natural gas, may also be volatile, and the price TXU Corp. can obtain for power
sales may not change at the same rate as changes in fuel costs. In addition, TXU
Corp. markets and trades natural gas and other energy related commodities, and
volatility in these markets may affect TXU Corp.'s costs incurred in meeting its
obligations.
A-53
If TXU Australia is unable to secure long-term supply arrangements for all
of its gas supply needs in Australia on commercially acceptable terms or if its
suppliers fail to perform under those agreements, it may be required to purchase
gas on the wholesale spot market at potentially higher prices. In addition, if
TXU Australia's gas needs are less than TXU Australia's gas take-or-pay
commitments and if TXU Australia is unable to make up this shortfall in future
contract years, TXU Australia may incur losses as a result of its gas
take-or-pay arrangements.
Volatility in market prices for fuel and electricity may result from:
o severe or unexpected weather conditions,
o seasonality,
o changes in electricity usage,
o illiquidity in the wholesale power or other markets,
o transmission or transportation constraints, inoperability or
inefficiencies,
o availability of competitively priced alternative energy sources,
o changes in supply and demand for energy commodities,
o changes in power production capacity,
o outages at TXU Corp.'s power production facilities or those of its
competitors,
o changes in production and storage levels of natural gas, lignite,
coal and crude oil and refined products,
o natural disasters, wars, sabotage, terrorist acts, embargoes and
other catastrophic events, and
o federal, state, local and foreign energy, environmental and other
regulation and legislation.
All but one of TXU Corp.'s facilities for power production in the US are
located in the ERCOT region, a market with limited interconnections to other
markets. Electricity prices in the ERCOT region are related to gas prices
because gas-fired plant is the marginal cost unit during the majority of the
year in the ERCOT region. Accordingly, the contribution to earnings and the
value of TXU Corp.'s base load power production is dependent in significant part
upon the price of gas. TXU Corp. cannot fully hedge the risk associated with
dependency on gas because of the expected useful life of TXU Corp.'s power
production assets and the size of its position relative to market liquidity.
To manage its near-term financial exposure related to commodity price
fluctuations, TXU Corp. routinely enters into contracts to hedge portions of its
purchase and sale commitments, weather positions, fuel requirements and
inventories of natural gas, lignite, coal, crude oil and refined products, and
other commodities, within established risk management guidelines. As part of
this strategy, TXU Corp. routinely utilizes fixed-price forward physical
purchase and sales contracts, futures, financial swaps and option contracts
traded in the over-the-counter markets or on exchanges. However, TXU Corp. can
normally cover only a small portion of the exposure of its assets and
positions to market price volatility, and the coverage will vary over time. To
the extent TXU Corp. has unhedged positions, fluctuating commodity prices can
materially impact TXU Corp.'s results of operations and financial position,
either favorably or unfavorably.
Although TXU Corp. devotes a considerable amount of management time and
effort to the establishment of risk management procedures as well as the ongoing
review of the implementation of these procedures, the procedures it has in place
may not always be followed or may not always function as planned and cannot
eliminate all the risks associated with these activities.
A-54
TXU Corp. or one of its subsidiaries has guaranteed or indemnified the
performance of a portion of the obligations of certain subsidiaries, including
those involved in hedging and risk management activities. TXU Corp. or its
subsidiary, as the case may be, might not be able to satisfy all of these
guarantees and indemnification obligations if they were to come due at the same
time.
TXU Corp.'s hedging and risk management activities are exposed to the risk
that counterparties that owe TXU Corp. money, energy or other commodities as a
result of market transactions will not perform their obligations. The likelihood
that certain counterparties may fail to perform their obligations has increased
due to financial difficulties, brought on by various factors including improper
or illegal accounting and business practices, affecting some participants in the
industry. Some of these financial difficulties have been so severe that certain
industry participants have filed for bankruptcy protection or are facing the
possibility of doing so. Should the counterparties to these arrangements fail to
perform, TXU Corp. might be forced to acquire alternative hedging arrangements
or honor the underlying commitment at then-current market prices. In such event,
TXU Corp. might incur losses in addition to amounts, if any, already paid to the
counterparties. ERCOT market participants are also exposed to risks that another
ERCOT market participant may default in its obligations to pay ERCOT for power
taken in the ancillary services market, in which case such costs, to the extent
not offset by posted security and other protections available to ERCOT, may be
allocated to various non-defaulting ERCOT market participants.
The current credit ratings for TXU Corp.'s and its subsidiaries' long-term
debt are investment grade, except for Moody's credit rating for long-term debt
of TXU Corp. (the holding company), which is one notch below investment grade. A
rating reflects only the view of a rating agency, and it is not a recommendation
to buy, sell or hold securities. Any rating can be revised upward or downward at
any time by a rating agency if such rating agency decides that circumstances
warrant such a change. If S&P, Moody's or Fitch were to downgrade TXU Corp.'s
and/or its subsidiaries' long-term ratings, particularly below investment grade,
borrowing costs would increase and the potential pool of investors and funding
sources would likely decrease. If the downgrade were below investment grade,
liquidity demands would be triggered by the terms of a number of commodity
contracts, leases and other agreements.
Most of TXU Corp.'s large customers, suppliers and counterparties require
sufficient creditworthiness in order to enter into transactions. If TXU Corp.'s
subsidiaries' ratings were to decline to below investment grade, costs to
operate the power and gas businesses would increase because counterparties may
require the posting of collateral in the form of cash-related instruments, or
counterparties may decline to do business with TXU Corp.'s subsidiaries.
In addition, as discussed elsewhere in this report, the terms of certain
financing and other arrangements of TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries contain
provisions that are specifically affected by changes in credit ratings and could
require the posting of collateral, the repayment of indebtedness or the payment
of other amounts.
The operation of power production and energy transportation facilities
involves many risks, including start up risks, breakdown or failure of
facilities, lack of sufficient capital to maintain the facilities, the
dependence on a specific fuel source or the impact of unusual or adverse weather
conditions or other natural events, as well as the risk of performance below
expected levels of output or efficiency, the occurrence of any of which could
result in lost revenues and/or increased expenses. A significant portion of TXU
Corp.'s facilities was constructed many years ago. In particular, older
generating equipment, even if maintained in accordance with good engineering
practices, may require significant capital expenditures to keep it operating at
peak efficiency. The risk of increased maintenance and capital expenditures
arises from (a) increased starting and stopping of generation equipment due to
the volatility of the competitive market, (b) any unexpected failure to produce
power, including failure caused by breakdown or forced outage, and (c) repairing
damage to facilities due to storms, natural disasters, wars, terrorist acts and
other catastrophic events. Further, TXU Corp.'s ability to successfully and
timely complete capital improvements to existing facilities or other capital
projects is contingent upon many variables and subject to substantial risks.
Should any such efforts be unsuccessful, TXU Corp. could be subject to
additional costs and/or the write-off of its investment in the project or
improvement.
A-55
Insurance, warranties or performance guarantees may not cover all or any
of the lost revenues or increased expenses, including the cost of replacement
power. Likewise, TXU Corp.'s ability to obtain insurance, and the cost of and
coverage provided by such insurance, could be affected by events outside its
control.
The ownership and operation of nuclear facilities, including TXU Corp.'s
ownership and operation of the Comanche Peak generation plant, involve certain
risks. These risks include: mechanical or structural problems; inadequacy or
lapses in maintenance protocols; the impairment of reactor operation and safety
systems due to human error; the costs of storage, handling and disposal of
nuclear materials; limitations on the amounts and types of insurance coverage
commercially available; and uncertainties with respect to the technological and
financial aspects of decommissioning nuclear facilities at the end of their
useful lives. The following are among the more significant of these risks:
o Operational Risk - Operations at any nuclear power production plant
could degrade to the point where the plant would have to be shut down.
If this were to happen, the process of identifying and correcting the
causes of the operational downgrade to return the plant to operation
could require significant time and expense, resulting in both lost
revenue and increased fuel and purchased power expense to meet supply
commitments. Rather than incurring substantial costs to restart the
plant, the plant may be shut down. Furthermore, a shut-down or failure
at any other nuclear plant could cause regulators to require a
shut-down or reduced availability at Comanche Peak.
o Regulatory Risk - The NRC may modify, suspend or revoke licenses and
impose civil penalties for failure to comply with the Atomic Energy
Act, the regulations under it or the terms of the licenses of nuclear
facilities. Unless extended, the NRC operating licenses for Comanche
Peak Unit 1 and Unit 2 will expire in 2030 and 2033, respectively.
Changes in regulations by the NRC could require a substantial increase
in capital expenditures or result in increased operating or
decommissioning costs.
o Nuclear Accident Risk - Although the safety record of Comanche Peak and
other nuclear reactors generally has been very good, accidents and
other unforeseen problems have occurred both in the US and elsewhere.
The consequences of an accident can be severe and include loss of life
and property damage. Any resulting liability from a nuclear accident
could exceed TXU Corp.'s resources, including insurance coverage.
TXU Corp. is subject to extensive environmental regulation by governmental
authorities. In operating its facilities, TXU Corp. is required to comply with
numerous environmental laws and regulations, and to obtain numerous governmental
permits. TXU Corp. may incur significant additional costs to comply with these
requirements. If TXU Corp. fails to comply with these requirements, it could be
subject to civil or criminal liability and fines. Existing environmental
regulations could be revised or reinterpreted, new laws and regulations could be
adopted or become applicable to TXU Corp. or its facilities, and future changes
in environmental laws and regulations could occur, including potential
regulatory and enforcement developments related to air emissions.
TXU Corp. may not be able to obtain or maintain all required environmental
regulatory approvals. If there is a delay in obtaining any required
environmental regulatory approvals or if TXU Corp. fails to obtain, maintain or
comply with any such approval, the operation of its facilities could be stopped
or become subject to additional costs. Further, at some of TXU Corp.'s older
facilities, including base load lignite and coal plants, it may be uneconomical
for TXU Corp. to install the necessary equipment, which may cause TXU Corp. to
shut down those facilities.
In addition, TXU Corp. may be responsible for any on-site liabilities
associated with the environmental condition of facilities that it has acquired
or developed, regardless of when the liabilities arose and whether they are
known or unknown. In connection with certain acquisitions and sales of assets,
TXU Corp. may obtain, or be required to provide, indemnification against certain
environmental liabilities. Another party could fail to meet its indemnification
obligations to TXU Corp.
A-56
TXU Corp. is obligated to offer the price-to-beat rate to requesting
residential and small commercial customers in the historical service territory
of its incumbent utility through January 1, 2007. TXU Corp. is not permitted to
offer electricity to the residential customers in the historical service
territory at a price other than the price-to-beat rate until January 1, 2005,
unless before that date the Commission determines that 40% or more of the amount
of electric power consumed by residential customers in that area is committed to
be served by REPs other than TXU Corp. Because TXU Corp. will not have the same
level of residential customer price flexibility as competitors in the historical
service territory, TXU Corp. could lose a significant number of these customers
to other providers. In addition, at times, during this period, if the market
price of power is lower than TXU Corp.'s cost to produce power, TXU Corp. would
have a limited ability to mitigate the loss of margin caused by its loss of
customers by selling power from its power production facilities.
The initial price-to-beat rates for the affiliated REPs, including TXU
Corp.'s, were established by the Commission on December 7, 2001. Pursuant to
Commission regulations, the initial price-to-beat rate for each affiliated REP
was 6% less than the average rates in effect for its incumbent utility on
January 1, 1999, adjusted to take into account a new fuel factor as of
December 31, 2001.
Other REPs are allowed to offer electricity to TXU Corp.'s residential
customers at any price. The margin or "headroom" available in the price-to-beat
rate for any REP equals the difference between the price-to-beat rate and the
sum of delivery charges and the price that REP pays for power. Headroom may be a
positive or a negative number. The higher the amount of positive headroom for
competitive REPs in a given market, the more incentive those REPs would have to
compete in providing retail electric services in that market, which may result
in TXU Corp. losing customers to competitive REPs.
The results of TXU Corp.'s retail electric operations in the historical
service territory is largely dependent upon the amount of headroom available to
TXU Corp. and the competitive REPs in TXU Corp.'s price-to-beat rate. Since
headroom is dependent, in part, on power production and purchase costs, TXU
Corp. does not know nor can it estimate the amount of headroom that it or other
REPs will have in TXU Corp.'s price-to-beat rate or in the price-to-beat rate
for the affiliated REP in each of the other Texas retail electric markets.
There is no assurance that future adjustments to TXU Corp.'s price-to-beat
rate will be adequate to cover future increases in its costs of electricity to
serve its price-to-beat rate customers or that TXU Corp.'s price-to-beat rate
will not result in negative headroom in the future.
In most retail electric markets outside the historical service territory,
TXU Corp.'s principal competitor may be the retail affiliate of the local
incumbent utility company. The incumbent retail affiliates have the advantage of
long-standing relationships with their customers. In addition to competition
from the incumbent utilities and their affiliates, TXU Corp. may face
competition from a number of other energy service providers, or other energy
industry participants, who may develop businesses that will compete with TXU
Corp. and nationally branded providers of consumer products and services. Some
of these competitors or potential competitors may be larger and better
capitalized than TXU Corp. If there is inadequate margin in these retail
electric markets, it may not be profitable for TXU Corp. to enter these markets.
A number of energy utilities in states other than Victoria and South
Australia continue to be owned by state governments. The privatization of any of
these utilities could result in new, more commercially-focused competitors in
TXU Australia's markets, some of which may have larger capital bases and other
competitive advantages compared to TXU Australia. In addition, as the regulatory
developments in TXU Australia's markets continue to unfold, energy companies and
other utilities that have not previously been competitors may enter TXU
Australia's markets. The Australian energy industry has also been recently
experiencing a degree of consolidation activity. If this consolidation activity
continues, it may result in a smaller number of stronger competitors in the
markets in which TXU Australia operates.
TXU Corp. depends on transmission and distribution facilities owned and
operated by other utilities, as well as its own such facilities, to deliver the
electricity it produces and sells to consumers, as well as to other REPs. If
transmission capacity is inadequate, TXU Corp.'s ability to sell and deliver
electricity may be hindered, it may have to forgo sales or it may have to buy
more expensive wholesale electricity that is available in the
A-57
capacity-constrained area. In particular, during some periods transmission
access is constrained to some areas of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. TXU
Corp. expects to have a significant number of customers inside these constrained
areas. The cost to provide service to these customers may exceed the cost to
provide service to other customers, resulting in lower headroom. In addition,
any infrastructure failure that interrupts or impairs delivery of electricity to
TXU Corp.'s customers could negatively impact the satisfaction of its customers
with its service.
TXU Corp. offers its customers a bundle of services that include, at a
minimum, the electric commodity itself plus transmission, distribution and
related services. The prices TXU Corp. charges for this bundle of services or
for the various components of the bundle, either of which may be fixed by
contract with the customer for a period of time, could differ from TXU Corp.'s
underlying cost to obtain the commodities or services.
The information systems and processes necessary to support risk
management, sales, customer service and energy procurement and supply in
competitive retail markets in Texas and elsewhere are new, complex and
extensive. TXU Corp. is refining these systems and processes, and they may prove
more expensive to refine than planned and may not work as planned.
Research and development activities are ongoing to improve existing and
alternative technologies to produce electricity, including gas turbines, fuel
cells, microturbines and photovoltaic (solar) cells. It is possible that
advances in these or other alternative technologies will reduce the costs of
electricity production from these technologies to a level that will enable these
technologies to compete effectively with electricity production from traditional
power plants like TXU Corp.'s. While demand for electric energy services is
generally increasing throughout the US, the rate of construction and development
of new, more efficient power production facilities may exceed increases in
demand in some regional electric markets. The commencement of commercial
operation of new facilities in the regional markets where TXU Corp. has
facilities will likely increase the competitiveness of the wholesale power
market in those regions. In addition, the market value of TXU Corp.'s power
production and/or energy transportation facilities may be significantly reduced.
Also, electricity demand could be reduced by increased conservation efforts and
advances in technology, which could likewise significantly reduce the value of
TXU Corp.'s facilities. Changes in technology could also alter the channels
through which retail electric customers buy electricity.
TXU Corp. is a holding company and conducts its operations primarily
through wholly-owned subsidiaries. Substantially all of TXU Corp.'s consolidated
assets are held by these subsidiaries. Accordingly, TXU Corp.'s cash flows and
ability to meet its obligations and to pay dividends are largely dependent upon
the earnings of its subsidiaries and the distribution or other payment of such
earnings to TXU Corp. in the form of distributions, loans or advances, and
repayment of loans or advances from TXU Corp. The subsidiaries are separate and
distinct legal entities and have no obligation to provide TXU Corp. with funds
for its payment obligations, whether by dividends, distributions, loans or
otherwise.
Because TXU Corp. is a holding company, its obligations to its creditors
are structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and
existing and future preferred stock of its subsidiaries. Therefore, TXU Corp.'s
rights and the rights of its creditors to participate in the assets of any
subsidiary in the event that such a subsidiary is liquidated or reorganized are
subject to the prior claims of such subsidiary's creditors and holders of its
preferred stock. To the extent that TXU Corp. may be a creditor with recognized
claims against any such subsidiary, its claims would still be subject to the
prior claims of such subsidiary's creditors to the extent that they are secured
or senior to those held by TXU Corp.
A-58
The inability to raise capital on favorable terms, particularly during
times of uncertainty in the financial markets, could impact TXU Corp.'s ability
to sustain and grow its businesses, which are capital intensive, and would
increase its capital costs. TXU Corp. relies on access to financial markets as a
significant source of liquidity for capital requirements not satisfied by cash
on hand or operating cash flows. TXU Corp.'s access to the financial markets
could be adversely impacted by various factors, such as:
o changes in credit markets that reduce available credit or the ability
to renew existing liquidity facilities on acceptable terms;
o inability to access commercial paper markets;
o a deterioration of TXU Corp.'s credit or a reduction in TXU Corp.'s
credit ratings or the credit ratings of its subsidiaries;
o extreme volatility in TXU Corp.'s markets that increases margin or
credit requirements;
o a material breakdown in TXU Corp.'s risk management procedures;
o prolonged delays in billing and payment resulting from delays in
switching customers from one REP to another; and
o the occurrence of material adverse changes in TXU Corp.'s businesses
that restrict TXU Corp.'s ability to access itsliquidity facilities.
A lack of necessary capital and cash reserves could adversely impact the
evaluation of TXU Corp.'s credit worthiness by counterparties and rating
agencies. Further, concerns on the part of counterparties regarding TXU Corp.'s
liquidity and credit could limit its portfolio management activities.
As a result of the energy crisis in California during 2001, the recent
volatility of natural gas prices in North America, the bankruptcy filing by
Enron Corporation, accounting irregularities of public companies, and
investigations by governmental authorities into energy trading activities,
companies in the regulated and non-regulated utility businesses have been under
a generally increased amount of public and regulatory scrutiny. Accounting
irregularities at certain companies in the industry have caused regulators and
legislators to review current accounting practices and financial disclosures.
The capital markets and ratings agencies also have increased their level of
scrutiny. Additionally, allegations against various energy trading companies of
"round trip" or "wash" transactions, which involve the simultaneous buying and
selling of the same amount of power at the same price and provide no true
economic benefit, power market manipulation and inaccurate power and commodity
price reporting have had a negative effect on the industry. TXU Corp. believes
that it is complying with all applicable laws, but it is difficult or impossible
to predict or control what effect these events may have on TXU Corp.'s financial
condition or access to the capital markets. Additionally, it is unclear what
laws and regulations may develop, and TXU Corp. cannot predict the ultimate
impact of any future changes in accounting regulations or practices in general
with respect to public companies, the energy industry or its operations
specifically.
TXU Corp. is subject to costs and other effects of legal and
administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations and claims. Since
October 2002, a number of lawsuits have been filed in federal and state courts
in Texas against TXU Corp. and various of its officers, directors and
underwriters. In addition, TXU Corp.'s decision to exit all of its operations in
Europe, as well as the administration proceeding, have resulted in notices of
various claims or potential claims and might result in lawsuits by the creditors
of or others associated with TXU Europe. Such current and potential legal
proceedings could result in payments of judgment or settlement amounts.
A-59
The market price of TXU Corp.'s common stock has been volatile in the
past, and a variety of factors could cause the price to fluctuate in the future.
In addition to the matters discussed above and in TXU Corp.'s other filings
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the following could
impact the market price for TXU Corp.'s common stock:
o developments related to TXU Corp.'s businesses;
o fluctuations in TXU Corp.'s results of operations;
o the level of dividends;
o TXU Corp.'s debt to equity ratios and other leverage ratios;
o effect of significant events relating to the energy sector
in general;
o sales of TXU Corp. securities into the marketplace;
o general conditions in the industry and the energy markets in which
TXU Corp. is a participant;
o the worldwide economy;
o an outbreak of war or hostilities;
o a shortfall in revenues or earnings compared to securities analysts'
expectations;
o changes in analysts' recommendations or projections; and
o actions by credit rating agencies.
Fluctuations in the market price of TXU Corp.'s common stock may be
unrelated to TXU Corp.'s performance. General market declines or market
volatility could adversely affect the price of TXU Corp.'s common stock and the
current market price may not be indicative of future market prices.
The issues and associated risks and uncertainties described above are not
the only ones TXU Corp. may face. Additional issues may arise or become material
as the energy industry evolves.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report and other presentations made by TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries
(collectively, TXU Corp.) contain forward-looking statements within the meaning
of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Although TXU
Corp. believes that in making any such statement its expectations are based on
reasonable assumptions, any such statement involves uncertainties and is
qualified in its entirety by reference to the risks discussed above under "Risk
Factors That May Affect Future Results" and the following important factors,
among others, that could cause the actual results of TXU Corp. to differ
materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements:
o prevailing governmental policies and regulatory actions, including
those of the FERC, the Commission, the RRC and the NRC, with
respect to:
o allowed rates of return;
o industry, market and rate structure;
o purchased power and recovery of investments;
o operations of nuclear generating facilities;
o acquisitions and disposal of assets and facilities;
o operation and construction of plant facilities;
o decommissioning costs;
o present or prospective wholesale and retail competition;
o changes in tax laws and policies; and
o changes in and compliance with environmental and safety laws
and policies;
o continued implementation of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation;
o legal and administrative proceedings and settlements;
o general industry trends;
o power costs and availability;
A-60
o weather conditions and other natural phenomena, and acts of sabotage,
wars or terrorist activities;
o unanticipated population growth or decline, and changes in market
demand and demographic patterns;
o changes in business strategy, development plans or vendor
relationships;
o competition for retail and wholesale customers;
o access to adequate transmission facilities to meet changing demands;
o pricing and transportation of crude oil, natural gas and other
commodities;
o unanticipated changes in interest rates, commodity prices, rates of
inflation or foreign exchange rates;
o unanticipated changes in operating expenses, liquidity needs and
capital expenditures;
o commercial bank market and capital market conditions;
o competition for new energy development and other business
opportunities;
o inability of various counterparties to meet their obligations with
respect to TXU Corp.'s financial instruments;
o changes in technology used by and services offered by TXU Corp.;
o significant changes in TXU Corp.'s relationship with its employees,
including the availability of qualified personnel, and
the potential adverse effects if labor disputes or grievances were to
occur;
o significant changes in critical accounting policies material to
TXU Corp.; and
o actions by credit rating agencies.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is
made, and TXU Corp. undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking
statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made
or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from
time to time, and it is not possible for TXU Corp. to predict all of them; nor
can TXU Corp. assess the impact of each such factor or the extent to which any
factor, or combination of factors, may cause results to differ materially from
those contained in any forward-looking statement.
A-61
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
The management of TXU Corp. is responsible for the preparation, integrity
and objectivity of the consolidated financial statements of TXU Corp. and its
subsidiaries and other information included in this report. The consolidated
financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America. As appropriate, the
statements include amounts based on informed estimates and judgments of
management.
The management of TXU Corp. is responsible for establishing and
maintaining a system of internal control which includes the internal controls
and procedures for financial reporting, that is designed to provide reasonable
assurance, on a cost-effective basis, that assets are safeguarded, transactions
are executed in accordance with management's authorization and financial records
are reliable for preparing consolidated financial statements. Management
believes that the system of control provides reasonable assurance that errors or
irregularities that could be material to the consolidated financial statements
are prevented or would be detected within a timely period. Key elements in this
system include the effective communication of established written policies and
procedures, selection and training of qualified personnel and organizational
arrangements that provide an appropriate division of responsibility. This system
of control is augmented by an ongoing internal audit program designed to
evaluate its adequacy and effectiveness. Management considers the
recommendations of the internal auditors and independent auditors concerning TXU
Corp.'s system of internal control and takes appropriate actions which are
cost-effective in the circumstances. Management believes that, as of December
31, 2003, TXU Corp.'s system of internal control was adequate to accomplish the
objectives discussed herein.
The Board of Directors of TXU Corp. addresses its oversight responsibility
for the consolidated financial statements through its Audit Committee, which is
composed of directors who are not employees of TXU Corp. The Audit Committee
meets regularly with TXU Corp.'s management, internal auditors and independent
auditors to review matters relating to financial reporting, auditing and
internal control. To ensure auditor independence, both the internal auditors and
independent auditors have full and free access to the Audit Committee.
The independent auditing firm of Deloitte & Touche LLP is engaged to
audit, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United
States of America, the consolidated financial statements of TXU Corp. and its
subsidiaries and to issue their report thereon.
/s/ C. JOHN WILDER /s/ M.S. GREENE
- ---------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
C. John Wilder, President and M. S. Greene, Oncor
Chief Executive Group President
/s/ T. L. BAKER /s/ H. DAN FARELL
- ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
T.L. Baker, TXU Energy H. Dan Farell, Executive Vice President
Group President and Chief Financial Officer
/s/ DAVID H. ANDERSON
- ------------------------------------
David H. Anderson, Vice President
and Controller
A-62
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
TXU Corp.:
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of TXU Corp. and subsidiaries
(the Company) as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the related consolidated
statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and shareholders' equity
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of TXU Corp. and subsidiaries at
December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the results of their operations and their cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
As discussed in Note 1 to the Notes to Financial Statements, TXU Corp. changed
its method of accounting for certain contracts with the rescission of Emerging
Issues Task Force Issue No. 98-10, "Accounting for Contracts Involved in Energy
Trading and Risk Management Activities."
As discussed in Note 6 to the Notes to Financial Statements, TXU Corp. changed
its method of accounting for goodwill amortization in 2002 in connection with
the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, "Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets."
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 11, 2004
A-63
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
(millions of dollars, except per share
amounts)
Operating revenues.................................................. $11,008 $ 9,896 $9,890
------- ------- ------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees.......................... 4,947 4,087 4,134
Operating costs................................................ 1,665 1,592 1,490
Depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill............. 886 868 781
Selling, general and administrative expenses................... 1,108 1,213 940
Franchise and revenue-based taxes.............................. 456 478 529
Other income................................................... (82) (51) (46)
Other deductions............................................... 46 577 331
Interest income................................................ (44) (31) (82)
Interest expense and related charges........................... 975 882 965
Goodwill amortization.......................................... - - 43
------ ------- ------
Total costs and expenses................................... 9,957 9,615 9,085
------ ------- ------
Income from continuing operations before income taxes,
extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of changes
in accounting principles.......................................... 1,051 281 805
Income tax expense ................................................. 314 99 236
------ ------- ------
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and
cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles.......... 737 182 569
Income (loss)from discontinued operations, net of tax effect........ (97) (4,258) 165
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect .............................. - (134) (57)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles,
net of tax benefit................................................. (58) - -
------ ------- ------
Net income (loss) before preference stock dividends................. 582 (4,210) 677
Preference stock dividends ......................................... 22 22 22
------ ------- ------
Net income (loss) available for common stock........................ $ 560 $(4,232) $ 655
====== ======== ======
Average shares of common stock outstanding (millions):
Basic.......................................................... 322 278 259
Diluted........................................................ 379 278 259
Per share of common stock - Basic:
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss
and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles... $ 2.22 $ 0.58 $ 2.11
Income (loss)from discontinued operations, net of tax effect... $ (.30) $(15.33) $ 0.63
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect.......................... $ - $ (0.48) $(0.22)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles,
net of tax benefit ........................................... $(0.18) $ - $ -
Net income (loss) available for common stock .................. $ 1.74 $(15.23) $ 2.52
Per share of common stock- Diluted:
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss
and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles... $ 2.03 $ 0.58 $ 2.11
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect.. $ (.26) $(15.33) $ .63
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect.......................... $ - $ (0.48) $(0.22)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of
tax benefit ................................................ $(0.15) $ - $ -
Net income (loss) available for common stock .................. $ 1.62 $(15.23) $ 2.52
Dividends declared.................................................. $ 0.50 $ 1.925 $ 2.40
See Notes to Financial Statements.
A-64
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
(millions of dollars)
Components related to continuing operations:
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and
cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles........... $ 737 $ 182 $ 569
------ ------ -----
Other comprehensive income (loss) --
Net change during period, net of tax effects:
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment............... 302 76 (61)
Investments classified as available for sale:
Reclassification of net gain realized on sale of investments
to other deductions (net of tax benefit of $1)............... - - (2)
Minimum pension liability adjustments (net of tax (expense)
benefit of ($31), $45 and $3).................................. 58 (83) (6)
Cash flow hedges:
Cumulative transition adjustment as of January 1, 2001
(net of tax benefit of $12).................................. - - (25)
Net change in fair value of derivatives (net of tax benefit
of $137, $136 and $34)....................................... (268) (260) (79)
Amounts realized in earnings during the year (net of tax
expense of $165, $55 and $25)................................ 324 112 62
------ ------ -----
Total............................................... 416 (155) (111)
------ ------ -----
Comprehensive income from continuing operations............. 1,153 27 458
------ ------ -----
Components related to discontinued operations:
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect...... (97) (4,258) 165
------- ------- -----
Minimum pension liability adjustments (net of tax benefit of $2)... (4) - -
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment................. - 253 (88)
Investments classified as available for sale (net of tax expense
of $24) .......................................................... - - 55
Reclassification of net gain realized on sale of investments to
other deductions (net of tax benefit of $21)..................... - - (50)
Cash flow hedges:
Cumulative transition adjustment as of January 1, 2001
(net of tax benefit of $46).................................. - - (107)
Net change in fair value of derivatives (net of tax benefit
of $18 and $37).............................................. - (41) (86)
Amounts realized in earnings during the year (net of tax
expense of $37 and $57)...................................... - 87 131
------ ------ -----
Total...................................................... (4) 299 (145)
------ ------ -----
Comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations........... (101) (3,959) 20
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect.............................. - (134) (57)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of
tax benefit...................................................... (58) - -
------ ------- -----
Comprehensive income (loss).......................................... $994 $(4,066) $ 421
====== ======= =====
See Notes to Financial Statements.
A-65
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
(millions of dollars)
Cash flows-- operating activities
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and
cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles............... $ 737 $ 182 $ 569
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations before
extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting
principles to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization...................................... 959 947 1,022
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits-- net............. 10 65 (88)
Losses on early extinguishment of debt............................. - 63 149
Net gains from sale of assets...................................... (43) (31) (1)
Reduction of revenues for earnings in excess of regulatory
earnings cap...................................................... - - 40
Net effect of unrealized mark-to-market valuations of commodity
contracts........................................................ 128 108 (323)
Net equity loss from unconsolidated affiliates and joint ventures.. 17 255 53
Asset impairments charge........................................... - 237 -
Retail clawback accrual increase (decrease)........................ (12) 185 -
Reduction in regulatory liability.................................. (132) (151) -
Over/(under) recovery of gas costs................................. 52 (8) 551
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable - trade..................................... 367 (515) 489
Inventories..................................................... (67) (54) (49)
Accounts payable - trade........................................ (5) 181 (835)
Commodity contract assets and liabilities....................... 25 (44) (27)
Margin deposits................................................. 25 - 227
Other assets .................................................. 382 (106) 79
Other liabilities............................................... 355 34 14
------ ------ -------
Cash provided by operating activities......................... 2,798 1,348 1,870
------ ------ -------
Cash flows-- financing activities
Issuances of securities:
Equity-linked debt securities...................................... - 440 1,000
Exchangeable subordinated notes.................................... - 750 -
Other long-term debt............................................... 3,245 3,377 4,954
Common stock....................................................... 23 1,274 354
Retirements/repurchases of securities:
Long-term debt..................................................... (2,736) (3,595) (4,648)
Preferred securities of subsidiaries............................... (98) - -
Securities of unconsolidated subsidiary trusts..................... - - (837)
Common stock....................................................... - - (44)
Change in notes payable:
Commercial paper................................................... 13 (844) (1,035)
Banks.............................................................. (2,252) 1,243 615
Cash dividends paid:
Common stock....................................................... (160) (652) (621)
Preference stock................................................... (22) (22) (22)
Redemption deposits applied to debt retirements......................... 210 (210) -
Debt premium, discount, financing and reacquisition expenses............ (41) (283) (232)
------ ------ -------
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities................. (1,818) 1,478 (516)
------ ------ --------
Cash flows-- investing activities
Capital expenditures.................................................. (956) (1,003) (1,243)
Acquisition of businesses............................................. (150) (36) -
Proceeds from sale of assets.......................................... 24 449 26
Nuclear fuel.......................................................... (44) (51) (38)
Investment in collateral trust........................................ (525) - -
Other................................................................. 2 (210) 58
------ ------ -------
Cash used in investing activities............................... (1,649) (851) (1,197)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents............ 8 (13) 2
Cash provided (used by) discontinued operations......................... (37) (605) 8
------ ------ -------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents................................. (698) 1,357 167
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning balance.......................... 1,573 216 49
------ ------ -------
Cash and cash equivalents - ending balance............................. $ 875 $1,573 $ 216
====== ====== =======
See Notes to Financial Statements.
A-66
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
---------------------
2003 2002
ASSETS (millions of dollars)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents.................................................... $ 875 $ 1,573
Restricted cash.............................................................. 12 210
Accounts receivable-- trade.................................................. 1,369 1,670
Income taxes receivable...................................................... - 488
Inventories ................................................................. 599 545
Commodity contract assets.................................................... 959 1,298
Assets of telecommunications holdings company (Note 3)....................... 110 -
Other current assets......................................................... 333 348
------- -------
Total current assets..................................................... 4,257 6,132
------- -------
Investments
Restricted cash.............................................................. 582 96
Other investments............................................................ 705 724
Property, plant and equipment-- net............................................. 20,920 19,981
Goodwill........................................................................ 1,829 1,588
Regulatory assets-- net........................................................ 1,837 1,654
Commodity contract assets....................................................... 362 657
Cash flow hedges and other derivative assets ................................... 123 150
Other noncurrent assets......................................................... 411 328
Assets held for sale (Note 3)................................................... 660 95
------- -------
Total assets............................................................. $31,686 $31,405
======= =======
LIABILITIES, PREFERRED SECURITIES OF SUBSIDIARIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Notes payable
Commercial paper........................................................ $ 39 $ 18
Banks................................................................... 58 2,306
Long-term debt due currently................................................. 677 958
Accounts payable-- trade..................................................... 1,042 1,029
Commodity contract liabilities............................................... 913 1,138
Liabilities of telecommunications holding company (Note 3)................... 603 -
Other current liabilities.................................................... 1,339 1,293
------- -------
Total current liabilities................................................ 4,671 6,742
------- -------
Accumulated deferred income taxes............................................... 3,939 3,607
Investment tax credits.......................................................... 430 453
Commodity contract liabilities.................................................. 318 520
Cash flow hedges and other derivative liabilities .............................. 267 220
Long-term debt held by subsidiary trusts (Note 10).............................. 546 546
All other long-term debt, less amounts due currently............................ 12,324 11,593
Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits .............................. 2,370 2,400
Liabilities held for sale (Note 3).............................................. 143 47
------- -------
Total liabilities........................................................ 25,008 26,128
Preferred securities of subsidiaries (Note 9)................................... 759 211
Contingencies (Note 18)
Shareholders' equity (Note 11).................................................. 5,919 5,066
------- -------
Total liabilities, preferred securities of subsidiaries and
shareholders' equity................................................... $31,686 $31,405
======= =======
See Notes to Financial Statements.
A-67
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
(millions of dollars)
Preference stock:
Balance at end of year............................................... $ 300 $ 300 $ 300
------- ------- ------
Common stock without par value -- authorized shares-- 1,000,000,000
Balance at beginning of year......................................... 7,995 6,560 6,360
New public offering (2002-- 46,800,000 shares)..................... - 1,084 -
Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan 2003 -
508,379 shares; 2002 -- 1,069,264 shares;
and 2001-- 260,243 shares)....................................... 10 40 12
Issuance of stock purchase contracts related to
equity-linked debt securities.................................... - (48) (142)
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (2003--1,400,713 shares,
2002--599,516 shares; and 2001-- 535,052 shares)................ 19 (3) 4
Common stock repurchased and retired (2001-- 1,252,500 shares)... - - (30)
Treasury stock-- Long-Term Compensation Plan Trusts............... - 1 (4)
Issuance related to purchase contracts under 1998 equity-linked
debt securities (2002-- 8,365,133 shares and 2001--7,488,395
shares)......................................................... - 349 351
Special allocation to Thrift Plan by LESOP trustee................ 4 8 9
Reclassification of stated capital to additional paid in capital.. (7,986) - -
Other............................................................. 6 4 -
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year (2003 -- 323,883,092 shares; 2002 --
321,974,000 shares; and 2001-- 265,140,087 shares)................ 48 7,995 6,560
------- ------- ------
Additional paid in capital:
Balance at beginning of year........................................ 111 -- --
Change during the year ........................................... 7,986 111 --
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year............................................. 8,097 111 --
------- ------- ------
Common stock repurchasable under equity forward contracts:
Balance at beginning of year........................................ -- -- (190)
Change during the year ........................................... -- -- 190
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year............................................. -- -- --
------- ------- ------
Retained earnings:
Balance at beginning of year........................................ (2,900) 1,863 1,817
Net income (loss)................................................. 582 (4,210) 677
Dividends declared on common stock ($.50, $1.925 and $2.40
per share)....................................................... (160) (533) (625)
Common stock repurchased and retired.............................. - -- (14)
Dividends on preference stock ($7,240, $7,240 and $7,240
per share)....................................................... (22) (22) (22)
Equity forward contract settlements............................... - -- 21
LESOP dividend deduction tax benefit and other.................... 2 2 9
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year.............................................. (2,498) (2,900) 1,863
------- ------- ------
A-68
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONT.)
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
(millions of dollars)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effects:
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year............................... (157) (654) (505)
Change during the year................................... 302 329 (149)
Write-off of discontinued operations.................... - 168 -
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year..................................... 145 (157) (654)
------- ------- ------
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments:
Balance at beginning of year............................... -- -- (3)
Change during the year................................... -- -- 3
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year..................................... -- -- -
------- ------- ------
Minimum pension liability adjustments:
Balance at beginning of year............................... (92) (9) (3)
Change during the year................................... 54 (83) (6)
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year..................................... (38) (92) (9)
------- ------- ------
Cash flow hedges (SFAS 133):
Balance at beginning of year............................... (191) (104) -
Change during the year................................... 56 (102) (104)
Write-off of discontinued operations..................... - 15 --
------- ------- ------
Balance at end of year..................................... (135) (191) (104)
------- ------- ------
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss................... (28) (440) (767)
------- ------- ------
Total common stock equity......................................... 5,619 4,766 7,656
------- ------- ------
Shareholders' equity.............................................. $ 5,919 $ 5,066 $7,956
====== ====== ======
See Notes to Financial Statements.
A-69
TXU CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BUSINESS
Description of Business - TXU Corp. engages in power production
(electricity generation), retail and wholesale sales of electricity and natural
gas, and the transmission and distribution of electricity and natural gas. In
the competitive energy operations, TXU Corp. engages in hedging and risk
management activities. TXU Corp. is a holding company that conducts its US
operations through US Holdings and TXU Gas. US Holdings is also a holding
company that conducts its principal operations through TXU Energy and Oncor. TXU
Corp.'s principal international operations are conducted through TXU Australia.
TXU Corp. has three reportable segments: Energy, Energy Delivery and
Australia. (See Note 19 for further information concerning reportable business
segments.)
Discontinued Businesses - Prior to October 2002, TXU Corp. conducted
international operations through TXU Europe. At that time, a substantial portion
of the business was sold. In 2002, TXU Corp. recorded a $4.2 billion charge
principally to write off its investment in TXU Europe. The write-off was
recorded without tax benefit. A tax benefit to earnings of up to $983 million
could be recognized if uncertainties regarding the deductibility of the
write-off are favorably resolved. See Note 3 to Financial Statements for
additional discussion.
In January 2004, TXU Corp. entered into an agreement to sell its
telecommunications business for $527 million. The business was formerly a joint
venture and has been consolidated since March 1, 2003.
In December 2003, TXU Energy finalized a formal plan to sell its strategic
retail services business, which is engaged principally in providing energy
management services.
In January 2004, TXU Corp. sold its small natural gas distribution
business in Mexico for $11 million.
The consolidated financial statements for all years presented reflect the
reclassification of the results of these businesses (for the periods they were
consolidated) as discontinued operations.
See Note 3 for more detailed information about discontinued operations.
Business Restructuring - The 1999 Restructuring Legislation restructured
the electric utility industry in Texas and provided for a transition to
competition in the generation and retail sale of electricity. TXU Corp.
disaggregated its electric utility business, as required by the legislation, and
restructured certain of its US businesses as of January 1, 2002 resulting in two
new business operations:
o Oncor - a utility regulated by the Commission that holds electricity
transmission and distribution assets and engages in electricity delivery
services.
o TXU Energy - a competitive business that holds the power generation
assets and engages in wholesale and retail energy sales and hedging/risk
management activities.
The relationships of these entities and their rights and obligations with
respect to their collective assets and liabilities are contractually described
in a master separation agreement executed in December 2001.
A settlement of outstanding issues and other proceedings related to
implementation of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation received final approval by
the Commission in January 2003. See Note 16 for further discussion.
A-70
Other Business Changes - In April 2002, TXU Energy acquired a cogeneration
and wholesale energy production business in New Jersey for $36 million in cash.
The acquisition included a 122 megawatt (MW) combined-cycle power production
facility and various contracts, including electric supply and gas transportation
agreements. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase business
combination, and its results of operations are reflected in the consolidated
financial statements from the acquisition date.
In May 2002, TXU Energy acquired a 260 MW combined-cycle power generation
facility in northwest Texas through a settlement agreement which dismissed a
lawsuit previously filed related to the plant, and included a nominal cash
payment. TXU Energy previously purchased all of the electrical output of this
plant under a long-term contract.
In April 2002, TXU Energy completed the sale of two electricity generation
plants in the Dallas-Fort Worth area with total capacity of 2,334 MW for $443
million in cash. Concurrent with the sale, TXU Energy entered into a tolling
agreement to purchase power during the summer months through 2006. The terms of
the tolling agreement include above-market pricing, representing a fair value
liability of $190 million. A pretax gain on the sale of $146 million, net of the
effects of the tolling agreement, was deferred and is being recognized in other
income during summer months over the five-year term of the tolling agreement.
Both the value of the tolling agreement and the deferred gain are reported in
other liabilities in the balance sheet. The amount of the gain recognized in
other income in 2003 was approximately $30 million.
Basis of Presentation -- The consolidated financial statements of TXU
Corp. have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the US and, except for the discontinuance of certain businesses and
the adoption of EITF 02-3 and SFAS 143, as discussed in Note 2, and FIN 46, as
discussed immediately below, on the same basis as the audited financial
statements included in its 2002 Form 8-K. In the opinion of management, all
other adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair
presentation of the results of operations and financial position have been
included therein. Certain classifications have been made to conform to current
period presentation. All intercompany items and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation. All dollar amounts in the financial statements and
tables in the notes, except per share amounts, are stated in millions of US
dollars unless otherwise indicated.
FIN 46, which was issued in January 2003, provides guidance related to
identifying variable interest entities and determining whether such entities
should be consolidated. On October 8, 2003, the FASB decided to defer
implementation of FIN 46 until the fourth quarter of 2003. This deferral only
applied to variable interest entities that existed prior to February 1, 2003. As
a result of the implementation of FIN 46 in the fourth quarter of 2003, TXU
Corp. deconsolidated its subsidiary financing trusts (see Note 10). Prior year
financial statements have been restated to reflect the deconsolidation.
The following information regarding the impact of adopting SFAS 145 was
previously provided in the 2002 Form 8-K.
Losses on Extinguishments of Debt -- As a result of the adoption of SFAS
145 as of January 1, 2003, any gain or loss on the early extinguishment of debt
that was classified as an extraordinary item in prior periods in accordance with
SFAS 4 is required to be reclassified if it does not meet the criteria of an
extraordinary item as defined by APB Opinion 30.
TXU Corp. recorded losses on the early extinguishment of debt of $41
million after-tax in 2002. In October 2002, TXU Corp. recorded losses of $23
million (net of income tax benefit of $12 million) for the cash premiums paid on
the early redemption of $200 million aggregate principal amount of Putable Asset
Term Securities (PATS notes). TXU Corp. redeemed other long-term debt prior to
maturity including $114 million of senior notes in the first quarter of 2002,
resulting in losses of $18 million (net of income tax benefit of $10 million).
A-71
As a result of US Holdings' debt restructuring and refinancings in the
fourth quarter of 2001, TXU Corp. recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of
debt of $97 million (net of income tax benefit of $52 million).
In accordance with SFAS 145, the income statements for the years ended
December 31, 2002 and 2001 reflect the classification of these losses,
previously reported as extraordinary, as shown below:
Segment
----------------------------------------------
Energy Corporate
Energy Delivery & Other Total
------ -------- ------- -----
2002:
- -----
Extraordinary loss, net of tax - as reported......... $ -- $ (146) $ (29) $ (175)
Reclassifications to:
Other deductions................................. -- 36 27 63
Income tax expense............................... -- (13) (9) (22)
------ ------ ------ ------
Extraordinary loss, net of tax - as adjusted......... $ -- $ (123) $ (11) $ (134)
====== ====== ====== ======
2001:
- -----
Extraordinary loss, net of tax - as reported......... $ (153) $ -- $ (1) $ (154)
Reclassifications to:
Other deductions................................. 149 -- -- 149
Income tax expense............................... (52) -- -- (52)
------ ------ ------ ------
Extraordinary loss, net of tax - as adjusted......... $ (56) $ -- $ (1) $ (57)
====== ====== ------ ======
The reclassifications had no effect on net income. The discussion of
extraordinary loss in Note 4, income tax information in Note 12, segment
information in Note 19 and regulated versus unregulated operations, quarterly
results and components of other deductions in Note 20 reflect the
reclassifications. This reclassification decreases basic and fully diluted
income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss per share by $0.15
for 2002 and $0.38 for 2001, respectively, and decreases the extraordinary loss,
per share, by the same amounts.
Use of Estimates -- The preparation of TXU Corp.'s financial statements
requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that
affect the reporting and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the balance
sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenue and expense, including
mark-to-market valuation adjustments. In the event estimates and/or assumptions
prove to be different from actual amounts, adjustments are made in subsequent
periods to reflect more current information. No material adjustments, other than
those disclosed elsewhere herein, were made as a result of changes in previous
estimates or assumptions during the current year.
Financial Instruments and Mark-to-Market Accounting -- TXU Corp. enters
into financial instruments, including options, swaps, futures, forwards and
other contractual commitments primarily to manage energy price risk and interest
rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks. These financial instruments are
accounted for in accordance with SFAS 133 as well as, prior to October 26, 2002,
EITF 98-10. See Note 2 for the effects of EITF 02-3, under which only financial
instruments that are derivatives are subject to mark-to-market accounting.
SFAS 133 requires the recognition of derivatives in the balance sheet, the
measurement of those instruments at fair value and the recognition in earnings
of changes in the fair value of derivatives. This recognition is referred to as
"mark-to-market" accounting. SFAS 133 provides exceptions to this accounting if
(a) the derivative is deemed to represent a transaction in the normal course of
purchasing from a supplier and selling to a customer, or (b) the derivative is
deemed to be a cash flow or fair value hedge. In accounting for cash flow
hedges, derivative assets and liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet at
fair value with an offset in other comprehensive income. Amounts are
reclassified from other comprehensive income to earnings as the underlying
transactions occur and realized gains and losses are recognized in earnings.
Fair value hedges are recorded as derivative assets or liabilities with an
offset to the carrying value of the related asset or liability. Any hedge
ineffectiveness related to cash flow and fair value hedges is recorded in
earnings.
A-72
Interest rate and currency swaps entered into in connection with
indebtedness to manage interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks
are accounted for as cash flow hedges if the swap converts rates from variable
to fixed and are accounted for as fair value hedges if the swap converts rates
from fixed to variable.
TXU Corp. documents designated commodity, debt-related and other hedging
relationships, including the strategy and objectives for entering into such
hedge transactions and the related specific firm commitments or forecasted
transactions. TXU Corp. applies hedge accounting in accordance with SFAS 133 for
these non-trading transactions, providing the underlying transactions remain
probable of occurring. Effectiveness is assessed based on changes in cash flows
of the hedges as compared to changes in cash flows of the hedged items. In its
risk management activities, TXU Corp. hedges future electricity revenues using
natural gas instruments; such cross-commodity hedges are subject to
ineffectiveness calculations that can result in mark-to-market gains and losses.
Revenue Recognition -- TXU Corp. records revenue for retail and wholesale
energy sales under the accrual method. Retail electric and gas revenues are
recognized when the commodity is provided to customers on the basis of periodic
cycle meter readings and include an estimated accrual for the value of the
commodity consumed from the meter reading date to the end of the period. The
unbilled revenue is estimated at the end of the period based on estimated daily
consumption after the meter read date to the end of the period. Estimated daily
consumption is derived using historical customer profiles adjusted for weather
and other measurable factors affecting consumption. Electricity delivery
revenues are recognized when delivery services are provided to customers on the
basis of periodic cycle meter readings and include an estimated accrual for the
delivery fee value of electricity provided from the meter reading date to the
end of the period.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses (including hedge ineffectiveness)
from transacting in energy-related contracts, principally for the purpose of
hedging margins on sales of energy, are reported as a component of revenues.
The historical financial statements for 2001 included adjustments made to
revenues for over/under recovered fuel costs. To the extent fuel costs incurred
exceeded regulated fuel factor amounts included in customer billings, TXU Corp.
recorded revenues on the basis of its ability and intent to obtain regulatory
approval for rate surcharges on future customer billings to recover such
amounts. Conversely, to the extent fuel costs incurred were less than amounts
included in customer billings, revenues were reduced. Following deregulation of
the Texas market on January 1, 2002, any changes to the fuel factor component of
the price-to-beat rates are recognized in revenues when power is provided to
customers.
In the regulated gas delivery operations, revenue adjustments are recorded
for over or under-collected gas costs similar to the electricity business prior
to deregulation as discussed immediately above.
Other than the purchase of fuel for gas-fired generation, the significant
majority of TXU Energy's physical natural gas purchases and sales represent
economic hedging activities; consequently, such transactions have been reported
net as a component of revenues. As a result of the issuance of EITF 03-11, sales
of natural gas to retail business customers are reported gross effective October
1, 2003.
Accounting for Contingencies -- The financial results of TXU Corp. may be
affected by judgments and estimates related to loss contingencies. Accruals for
loss contingencies are recorded when management determines that it is probable
that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and that such
economic loss can be reasonably estimated. These determinations are based on
management's interpretations of current facts and circumstances, forecasts of
future events and estimates of the financial impacts of such events.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities -- The financial statements of TXU
Corp.'s regulated businesses, primarily its Texas electricity and gas delivery
operations, reflect regulatory assets and liabilities under cost-based rate
regulation in accordance with SFAS 71. As a result of the 1999 Restructuring
Legislation, application of SFAS 71 to the generation operations was
discontinued in 1999. The assumptions and judgments used by regulatory
authorities continue to have an impact on the recovery of costs, the rate earned
on invested capital and the timing and amount of assets to be recovered by
rates. (See discussion in Note 16.)
A-73
As a result of the Settlement Plan becoming final and non-appealable, in
2002 TXU Corp. recorded an extraordinary charge to write down regulatory assets
subject to securitization. See Note 4 for further discussion.
Investments -- Deposits in a nuclear decommissioning trust fund are
carried at fair value in the balance sheet, with the cumulative increase in fair
value recorded as a liability to reflect the statutory nature of the trust.
Investments in unconsolidated business entities over which TXU Corp. has
significant influence but does not maintain effective control, generally
representing ownership of at least 20% and not more than 50% of common equity,
are accounted for under the equity method. Assets related to employee benefit
plans are held to satisfy deferred compensation liabilities and are recorded at
market value. (See Note 5 - Investments.) Investments in subsidiary financing
trusts, which are 100% owned but now deconsolidated as a result of the
implementation of FIN 46, are also accounted for under the equity method.
Property, Plant and Equipment -- Properties are stated at original cost.
The cost of electricity and gas delivery property additions (and generation
property additions prior to July 1, 1999) includes labor and materials,
applicable overhead and payroll-related costs and an allowance for funds used
during construction. US generation property additions subsequent to July 1, 1999
and other property are stated at cost.
Depreciation of TXU Corp.'s property, plant and equipment is calculated
on a straight-line basis over the estimated service lives of the properties.
Depreciation also includes an amount for decommissioning costs for the
nuclear-powered electricity generation plant (Comanche Peak), which is being
accrued over the lives of the units. Consolidated depreciation as a percent of
average depreciable property for TXU Corp. approximated 2.6% for 2003, 2.8% for
2002 and 2.7% for 2001. See discussion below under Changes in Accounting
Standards regarding SFAS 143.
Effective April 1, 2003, the estimates of the depreciable lives of the
Comanche Peak nuclear generating plant and several gas generation plants were
extended to better reflect the useful lives of the assets. At the same time,
depreciation rates were increased on lignite and gas generation facilities to
reflect investments in emissions control equipment. The net impact of these
changes was a reduction in depreciation expense of $37 million (pre-tax) and an
increase in net income of $24 million ($0.06 per diluted share) for the year
ended December 31, 2003.
TXU Corp. capitalizes computer software costs in accordance with SOP 98-1.
These costs are being amortized over periods ranging from three to ten years.
(See Note 6 under Intangible Assets for more information.)
Interest Capitalized and Allowance For Funds Used During Construction
(AFUDC) -- AFUDC is a cost accounting procedure whereby amounts based upon
interest charges on borrowed funds and a return on equity capital used to
finance construction are added to utility plant and equipment being constructed.
Prior to July 1, 1999, AFUDC was capitalized for all expenditures for ongoing
construction work in progress and nuclear fuel in process not otherwise included
in rate base by regulatory authorities. As a result of the 1999 Restructuring
Legislation, only interest is capitalized during any generation construction
since 1999. Interest and AFUDC related to debt for businesses that still apply
SFAS 71 are capitalized as a component of projects under construction. Interest
on qualifying projects for businesses that no longer apply SFAS 71 is
capitalized in accordance with SFAS 34. See Note 20 for detail of amounts.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets -- TXU Corp. evaluates the carrying value
of long-lived assets to be held and used when events and circumstances warrant
such a review. The carrying value of long-lived assets would be considered
impaired when the projected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying
value. In that event, a loss would be recognized based on the amount by which
the carrying value exceeds the fair value. Fair value is determined primarily by
available market valuations or, if applicable, discounted cash flows.
A-74
In 2002, TXU Corp. recorded an impairment charge of $237 million ($154
million after-tax) for the writedown of two generation plant construction
projects as a result of weaker wholesale electricity market conditions and
reduced planned developmental capital spending. Fair value was determined based
on appraisals of property and equipment. The charge is reported in other
deductions.
Also, in 2002, TXU Corp.'s telecommunications business, then an
unconsolidated joint venture, recorded impairments of long-lived assets, of
which TXU Corp. recognized its share, $28 million ($18 million after-tax). The
charge is reported in other deductions as part of equity in losses of
unconsolidated entities.
TXU Corp. has recorded additional long-lived asset impairments that are
reported in results of discontinued operations, as described in Note 3.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets -- TXU Corp. evaluates goodwill for
impairment at least annually (as of October 1) in accordance with SFAS 142. The
impairment tests performed are based on discounted cash flow analyses. Such
analyses require a significant number of estimates and assumptions regarding
future earnings, working capital requirements, capital expenditures, discount
rate, terminal year growth factor and other modeling factors. No goodwill
impairment has been recognized for consolidated reporting units reflected in
results from continuing operations.
In 2002, TXU Corp.'s telecommunications joint venture recorded a goodwill
impairment charge, of which TXU Corp. recognized its share, $9 million ($6
million after-tax). The charge is reported in other deductions in the statement
of income. See Note 17 for further discussion.
TXU Corp. has recorded additional goodwill impairments that are reported
in results of discontinued operations, as described in Note 3.
Foreign Currency Translation -- The assets and liabilities of non-US
operations denominated in local currencies are translated at rates in effect at
year end. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates for the
applicable periods. Local currencies are considered to be the functional
currency, and adjustments resulting from such translation are included in other
comprehensive income (loss).
Major Maintenance -- Major maintenance outage costs related to nuclear
fuel reloads, as well as other major maintenance programs, are charged to
expense as incurred.
Amortization of Nuclear Fuel -- The amortization of nuclear fuel in the
reactors is calculated on the units-of-production method and is included in cost
of energy sold.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans --
TXU Corp. offers pension benefits through various defined benefit pension plans
and also offers certain health care and life insurance benefits to eligible
employees and their eligible dependents upon the retirement of such employees
from TXU Corp. Reported costs of providing non-contributory defined pension
benefits and other postretirement benefits are dependent upon numerous factors,
assumptions and estimates. (See Note 13 for information regarding retirement
plans and other postretirement benefits.)
Franchise and Revenue-Based Taxes -- Franchise and revenue-based taxes
such as gross receipts taxes are not a "pass through" item such as sales and
excise taxes. Gross receipts taxes are assessed to TXU Corp. and its
subsidiaries by state and local governmental bodies, based on revenues, as a
cost of doing business. TXU Corp. records gross receipts tax as an expense.
Rates charged to customers by TXU Corp. are intended to recover the taxes, but
TXU Corp. is not acting as an agent to collect the taxes from customers.
Income Taxes -- TXU Corp. and its US subsidiaries file a consolidated
federal income tax return, and federal income taxes are allocated to
subsidiaries based upon their respective taxable income or loss. Investment tax
credits are amortized to income over the estimated service lives of the
properties. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between
the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Certain provisions of SFAS 109
provide that regulated enterprises are permitted to recognize deferred taxes as
regulatory tax assets or tax liabilities if it is probable that such amounts
will be recovered from, or returned to, customers in future rates.
A-75
Income Taxes on Undistributed Earnings of Non-US Subsidiaries -- TXU Corp.
intends to reinvest the earnings of its non-US subsidiaries into those
businesses. Accordingly, no provision has been made for taxes which would be
payable if such earnings were to be repatriated. Upon distribution of these
earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, TXU Corp. may be subject to US
income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. It is not practicable, however, to
estimate the amount of taxes that may be payable on the eventual remittance of
these earnings.
Earnings Per Share -- Basic earnings per share applicable to common stock
are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the
year. Diluted earnings per share include the effect of all potential issuances
of common shares under certain debt securities and other arrangements. For 2003,
the $750 million of 9% Exchangeable Preferred Membership Interests in TXU Energy
(originally issued as subordinated notes in November 2002) were dilutive and
were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For 2002, these
securities were anti-dilutive and not included in the diluted earnings per share
calculation. Assuming these securities were exchanged for TXU Corp. common stock
at the beginning of the 2003 period at the exchange price of $13.1242 per share,
57.1 million more shares would have been issued and net income would have
increased by $53 million for 2003 representing primarily the after-tax interest
savings on the preferred membership interests in TXU Energy.
In July 2003, TXU Corp. issued $525 million of floating rate senior notes
convertible into 15.2 million shares of TXU Corp. common stock (see Note 8). For
2003, these notes had no effect on the calculation of earnings per share as the
market price of TXU Corp. common stock was below the $41.48 per share trigger
price for the year.
Additional dilution of earnings per share would result from approximately
7.0 million shares and 18.0 million shares of common stock issuable in
connection with equity-linked debt securities issued in 2002 and 2001,
respectively, if the average of the closing price per share of TXU Corp. common
stock on each of the twenty consecutive trading days ending on the third day
immediately preceding the end of a reporting period is above the strike price of
$62.91 and $55.68 per share, for the respective issuances.
Cash Equivalents -- For purposes of reporting cash and cash equivalents,
temporary cash investments purchased with a remaining maturity of three months
or less are considered to be cash equivalents.
Changes in Accounting Standards -- In October 2002, the EITF, through EITF
02-3, rescinded EITF 98-10, which required mark-to-market accounting for all
trading activities. SFAS 143, regarding asset retirement obligations, became
effective on January 1, 2003. As a result of the implementation of these two
accounting standards, TXU Corp. recorded a cumulative effect of changes in
accounting principles as of January 1, 2003. (See Note 2 for a discussion of the
impacts of these two accounting standards.)
As a result of guidance provided in EITF 02-3, in 2003 TXU Corp.
discontinued recognizing origination gains on energy contracts. For 2002 and
2001, TXU Corp. recognized $40 million and $88 million in origination gains on
retail sales contracts, respectively. Because of the short-term nature of these
contracts, a portion of these gains would have been recognized on a settlement
basis in the year the origination gain was recorded.
SFAS 146 became effective on January 1, 2003. SFAS 146 requires that a
liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized
only when the liability is incurred and measured initially at fair value. The
adoption of SFAS 146 did not materially impact results of operations for 2003.
SFAS 148 was issued in December 2002. TXU Corp. adopted the disclosure
requirements of SFAS 148 effective December 31, 2002. This statement provides
transition alternatives when companies adopt fair value accounting for
stock-based compensation. TXU Corp. accounts for stock-based compensation plans,
including stock options, using the intrinsic value method. TXU Corp. does not
currently issue stock options, and only 23,674 previously issued options remain
outstanding at December 31, 2003. Had compensation expense for these stock-based
compensation plans been determined based upon the fair value methodology
prescribed under SFAS 123, TXU Corp.'s net income and per share amounts would
not have been materially different from reported amounts.
A-76
FIN 45 was issued in November 2002 and requires recording the fair value
of guarantees upon issuance or modification after December 31, 2002. The
interpretation also requires expanded disclosures of guarantees (see Note 18
under Guarantees). The adoption of FIN 45 did not materially impact results of
operations for 2003.
SFAS 149 was issued in April 2003 and became effective for contracts
entered into or modified after June 30, 2003. SFAS 149 clarifies what contracts
may be eligible for the normal purchase and sale exception, the definition of a
derivative and the treatment in the statement of cash flows when a derivative
contains a financing component. Also, EITF 03-11 was issued in July 2003 and
became effective October 1, 2003 and, among other things, discussed the nature
of certain power contracts. As a result of the issuance of SFAS 149 and EITF
03-11, certain commodity contract hedges were replaced with another type of
hedge that is subject to effectiveness testing. The adoption of these changes
did not materially impact results of operations for 2003.
EITF 03-11 also addressed the presentation in the income statement of
physically settled commodity derivatives, providing guidance as to whether such
transactions should be reported on a net or gross (sales and cost of sales)
basis. Effective October 1, 2003, TXU Corp. began reporting certain retail sales
of natural gas to business customers on a gross basis. The effect of this change
was an increase in revenues and cost of energy sold of $34 million for the
period since that date. Net income was unaffected by the change.
EITF 01-8 was issued in May 2003 and is effective prospectively for
arrangements that are new, modified or committed to beginning July 1, 2003. This
guidance requires that certain types of arrangements be accounted for as leases,
including tolling and power supply contracts, take-or-pay contracts and service
contracts involving the use of specific property and equipment. The adoption of
this change did not materially impact results of operations for 2003.
SFAS 132 was revised in December 2003 and, effective immediately, requires
additional disclosures regarding pension plan assets, benefit obligations, cash
flows, benefit costs and related information. See Note 13 for these required
disclosures.
In November 2003, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue 03-1 that certain
disclosures should be required for debt and marketable equity securities
classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity that are temporarily
impaired at the balance sheet date. See Note 5 under Analysis of Certain
Investments with Unrealized Losses, for the required disclosures.
The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003
(the Medicare Act) was enacted in December 2003. FASB Staff Position 106-1,
issued in January 2004, allows for, but does not require, deferral of the
accounting for the effects of the Medicare Act. TXU Corp. has elected not to
defer accounting for the federal subsidy under the Medicare Act and recognized a
$1.9 million net reduction in SG&A expense in the 2003 financial statements. See
Note 13 for discussion of the impact on the accumulated postretirement benefit
obligation and postretirement benefit costs. Specific authoritative guidance on
the accounting for the federal subsidy is pending. Once that guidance is issued,
it could require TXU Corp. to change previously reported information.
See discussion of FIN 46 under "Basis of Presentation" above.
2. CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
The following summarizes the effect on results for 2003 for changes in
accounting principles effective January 1, 2003:
Charge from rescission of EITF 98-10, net of tax effect of $34 million..... $(63)
Credit from adoption of SFAS 143, net of tax effect of $3 million.......... 5
----
Total net charge............................................ $(58)
====
A-77
On October 25, 2002, the EITF, through EITF 02-3, rescinded EITF 98-10,
which required mark-to-market accounting for all trading activities. Pursuant to
this rescission, only financial instruments that are derivatives under SFAS 133
are subject to mark-to-market accounting. Financial instruments that may not be
derivatives under SFAS 133, but were marked-to-market under EITF 98-10, consist
primarily of gas transportation and storage agreements, power tolling, full
requirements and capacity contracts. This new accounting rule was effective for
new contracts entered into after October 25, 2002. Non-derivative contracts
entered into prior to October 26, 2002, continued to be accounted for at fair
value through December 31, 2002; however, effective January 1, 2003, such
contracts were required to be accounted for on a settlement basis. Accordingly,
a charge of $97 million ($63 million after-tax) was reported as a cumulative
effect of a change in accounting principles in the first quarter of 2003. Of the
total, $75 million reduced net commodity contract assets and liabilities and $22
million reduced inventory that had previously been marked-to-market as a trading
position. The cumulative effect adjustment represents the net gains previously
recognized for these contracts under mark-to-market accounting.
SFAS 143 became effective on January 1, 2003. SFAS 143 requires entities
to record the fair value of a legal liability for an asset retirement obligation
in the period of its inception. For TXU Corp., such liabilities primarily relate
to nuclear generation plant decommissioning, land reclamation related to lignite
mining and removal of lignite plant ash treatment facilities. The liability is
recorded at its net present value with a corresponding increase in the carrying
value of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted each period,
representing the time value of money, and the capitalized cost is depreciated
over the remaining useful life of the related asset.
As the new accounting rule required retrospective application to the
inception of the liability, the effects of the adoption reflect the accretion
and depreciation from the liability inception date through December 31, 2002.
Further, the effects of adoption take into consideration liabilities of $215
million (previously reflected in accumulated depreciation) TXU Corp. had
previously recorded as depreciation expense and $26 million (reflected in other
noncurrent liabilities) of unrealized net gains associated with the
decommissioning trusts.
The following table summarizes the impact as of January 1, 2003 of
adopting SFAS 143:
Increase in property, plant and equipment - net................. $488
Increase in other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits... (528)
Increase in accumulated deferred income taxes................... (3)
Increase in regulatory assets - net............................. 48
----
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles............ $ 5
====
The asset retirement liability at December 31, 2003 was $599 million,
comprised of a $554 million liability as a result of adoption of SFAS 143,
$36 million of accretion during the twelve months of 2003 and $2 million in new
asset retirement obligations, reduced by $19 million in reclamation payments.
The asset retirement obligations were adjusted upward by $26 million, or 5%,
due to revisions in estimated cash flows.
With respect to nuclear decommissioning costs, TXU Corp. believes that the
adoption of SFAS 143 results primarily in timing differences in the recognition
of asset retirement costs that TXU Energy is currently recovering through the
regulatory process.
On a pro forma basis, assuming SFAS 143 had been adopted at the beginning
of the period, earnings for 2002 would have increased by $6.5 million after-tax,
and the liability for asset retirement obligations as of December 31, 2001 and
2002 would have been $522 million and $554 million, respectively. Earnings for
the year ended December 31, 2001 would not have been impacted by the adoption of
SFAS 143.
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3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
The following summarizes the historical consolidated financial information
of the various businesses reported as discontinued operations or businesses to
be sold:
Strategic
Retail
Telecom Mexico Services Europe (a) Total
------- ------ -------- ---------- -----
2003
- ----
Operating revenues...................... $ 162 $ 95 $ 60 $ - $ 317
------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Operating costs and expenses............ 146 97 60 - 303
Other deductions (income)-- net......... 15 (3) 11 5 28
Interest income......................... (6) - (1) - (7)
Interest expense and related charges.... 61 1 1 - 63
------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Loss before income taxes................ (54) - (11) (5) (70)
Income tax benefit ..................... (11) - (4) (1) (16)
Charge related to exit (after-tax)...... 34(b) - 9 - 43
------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from discontinued
operations........................... $ (77) $ - $ (16) $ (4) $ (97)
======== ====== ======= ======= =======
2002
- ----
Operating revenues...................... $ - $ 91 $ 47 $ 4,052 $ 4,190
------- ------ -------- ------- -------
Operating costs and expenses............ - 96 122 3,852 4,070
Other deductions (income)-- net......... - (5) - 6 1
Interest income......................... - (1) - (15) (16)
Interest expense and related charges.... - 1 1 255 257
------- ------ -------- ------- -------
Loss before income taxes................ - - (76) (46) (122)
Income tax benefit...................... - (1) (27) (38) (66)
Charge related to exit (after-tax)...... - 15 - 4,187 4,202
------- ------ -------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from discontinued
operations........................... $ - $ (14) $ (49) $(4,195) $(4,258)
======= ====== ======== ======= =======
2001
- ----
Operating revenues...................... $ - $ 104 $ 54 $12,719 $12,877
------- ------ -------- ------- -------
Operating costs and expenses............ - 107 94 12,299 12,500
Other deductions (income)-- net........ - (3) 2 45 44
Interest income......................... - (2) - (99) (101)
-
Interest expense and related charges.... - 1 1 579 581
------- ------ -------- ------- ---------
Income (loss) before income taxes....... - 1 (43) (105) (147)
Income tax benefit...................... - - (15) (297) (312)
------- ------ -------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from discontinued
operations........................... $ - $ 1 $ (28) $ 192 $ $165
======= ====== ========= ======= =======
(a) Reflects operations through September 30, 2002.
(b) Includes an income tax charge of $23 million for the difference between
book and tax basis of the investment in the business.
The strategic retail services operations were previously reported in the
Energy segment. The telecommunications and Mexico operations were previously
reported in corporate and other activity. The Europe operations were previously
reported in the former International segment.
TXU Europe -- In October 2002, TXU Europe sold a significant portion of
its operations to Powergen, a unit of Germany's E.ON AG, for approximately $2.1
billion ((pound)1.37 billion) in cash. The operations sold included the retail
electric and gas business in the UK, consisting of 5.3 million residential and
business customers, and three power plants representing a total of 2.9 gigawatts
of coal-fired generation and a combined heat and power plant, all in the UK.
Operations retained by TXU Europe after the sale consisted principally of its
energy trading assets and liabilities, retail and wholesale energy businesses in
Germany and Scandinavia, and two energy plants and several long-term power
purchase agreements in the UK.
In November 2002, TXU Europe's principal UK subsidiaries entered into
formal administration processes in the UK (similar to bankruptcy proceedings in
the US). All remaining operations of TXU Europe are being managed by the
administrators for the benefit of the creditors of TXU Europe and its
subsidiaries, consistent with UK law. The sales proceeds discussed above, as
well as any proceeds related to operations retained by TXU Europe were not and
will not be available to TXU Corp. Since the above events, TXU Corp. has not
funded, and will not fund, the operations or any obligations of TXU Europe.
A-79
Results of discontinued operations related to TXU Europe include a charge
of $4.2 billion in the fourth quarter of 2002, which consisted primarily of the
write-off of TXU Corp.'s investment in TXU Europe of $3.9 billion and included
$168 million of foreign currency cumulative translation loss. The total charge
also included the write-off of receivables due from TXU Europe, as well as
certain anticipated income tax and other obligations related to the exiting of
the European operations. This charge is before consideration of any income tax
benefit, aggregating up to $983 million, related to the write-off of TXU Corp.'s
investment in TXU Europe. Any tax benefit related to the write-off of the
investment will be recognized in income in accordance with SFAS 109 as
uncertainties are resolved.
On its federal income tax return for calendar year 2002, TXU Corp. claimed
a deduction related to the worthlessness of TXU Corp.'s investment in TXU
Europe. While TXU Corp. believes that its tax reporting of the write-off was
proper, there is a risk that the IRS could challenge TXU Corp.'s position
regarding this deduction. The issue is currently under examination by the IRS,
and it is uncertain whether the IRS will challenge TXU Corp.'s position. If TXU
Corp.'s position is sustained, TXU Corp. would recognize the $983 million tax
benefit in income with a corresponding increase in shareholders' equity.
A portion of the 2002 worthlessness deduction related to TXU Corp.'s
investment in TXU Europe will reverse due to the forgiveness of TXU Europe's
debt, which is expected to occur upon final resolution of the UK administration
process. Reported earnings will not be affected by this reversal as a deferred
tax liability was previously recorded; however, an estimated $200 million in
taxes is expected to be paid in 2005 as a result of the debt forgiveness. The
timing of the tax payment assumes the UK administration proceedings are resolved
in 2004.
Telecommunications -- In May 2003, TXU Corp. acquired, for $150 million in
cash, its joint venture partner's interest in a holding company (Pinnacle), the
principal asset of which is the stock of a telecommunications business (TXU
Communications) that consists primarily of two regulated rural telephone
companies in Southeast Texas. (See Note 17 for additional discussion). The
acquisition of the interest was under a put/call agreement that had been
executed in late February 2003. Also in May 2003, TXU Corp. finalized a formal
plan to dispose of TXU Communications by sale. Accordingly, results of Pinnacle
and TXU Communications since March 1, 2003 are reported as discontinued
operations. TXU Corp. had used the equity method of accounting for its
investment until March 1, 2003 when Pinnacle and TXU Communications were
consolidated as a result of the execution of the put/call agreement. Accounting
rules provide that businesses accounted for under the equity method should not
be reported as discontinued operations; therefore, results prior to March 1,
2003 are reported in other deductions in the statement of income, consistent
with prior reporting.
In the fourth quarter of 2003, TXU Corp. recorded a goodwill impairment
charge of $17 million ($11 million after-tax), reported in results of
discontinued operations (other deductions) to reflect the fair value of TXU
Communications as determined by a sales agreement entered into in January 2004.
Under the agreement, the stock of the business will be sold for $524 million in
cash (before transaction costs and other adjustments) and $3 million in assumed
debt. The sale is expected to be completed in the first half of 2004, pending
approval by the Federal Communications Commission. Estimated net cash proceeds
from the sale of approximately $515 million will be applied to the repayment of
$560 million of Pinnacle's notes payable.
In connection with the decision to sell the telecommunications business,
an income tax charge of $23 million, reported in results of discontinued
operations, was recorded in 2003 to establish a deferred tax liability for the
excess of the carrying value over the tax basis of the investment in the
business.
Strategic Retail Services -- In December 2003, TXU Corp. approved a plan
to sell its strategic retail services business, which is engaged principally in
providing energy management services to businesses and other organizations.
Results of discontinued operations reflect a charge in the fourth quarter of
2003 of $13.1 million ($8.5 million after-tax) to impair long-lived assets and
accrue liabilities under operating leases from which there will be no future
benefit as a result of the decision to exit the business.
Mexico -- In January 2004, TXU Corp. completed the sale of its
majority-owned gas distribution operations in Mexico for $11 million. Results of
discontinued operations (other deductions) reflect a charge in 2002 of $23
million ($15 million after-tax) to impair goodwill and long-lived assets.
A-80
Balance sheet - The following details the assets and liabilities held
for sale as of December 31, 2003:
December 31, 2003
--------------------------------------------------
Strategic
Retail
Telecom Mexico Services Total
------- ------ -------- -----
Current assets.......................... $ 21 $ 25 $ 3 $ 49
Investments............................. 35 - 4 39
Goodwill................................ 299 - - 299
Property, plant and equipment........... 232 31 5 268
Other noncurrent assets................. 3 - 2 5
------- ------ -------- -------
Assets held for sale................ $ 590 $ 56 $ 14 $ 660
======= ====== ======== =======
Current liabilities..................... $ 37 $ 25 $ - $ 62
Accumulated deferred income taxes....... 14 - - 14
Noncurrent liabilities.................. 48 19 - 67
------- ------ -------- -------
Liabilities held for sale............ $ 99 $ 44 $ - $ 143
======= ====== ======== =======
The following details the assets and liabilities of Pinnacle as of
December 31, 2003:
Investments (a)....................................... $ 91
Other assets.......................................... 19
------
Assets of telecommunications holding company..... $ 110
======
Notes payable of Pinnacle (a)......................... $ 560
Notes payable of TXU Communications................... 16
Other liabilities..................................... 27
------
Liabilities of telecommunications holding company $ 603
======
(a) Represents a trust established to fund interest payments on notes
payable of Pinnacle. The notes payable outstanding totaled $810 million
at December 31, 2002 and $560 million at December 31, 2003. The trust's
assets consist of TXU Corp. debt (reported in long-term debt due
currently). Upon sale of TXU Communications, expected to occur in the
first half of 2004, the remaining notes outstanding will be repaid and
the remaining TXU Corp. debt and the trust will be canceled. During
2003, TXU Corp. repurchased $250 million of the notes payable and made
scheduled payments of $86 million on the debt held by the trust.
4. EXTRAORDINARY LOSS
As a result of the implementation of SFAS 145, losses related to early
extinguishment of debt that were previously reported as extraordinary items have
been reclassified (see Note 1 under Losses on Extinguishments of Debt).
In the fourth quarter of 2001, TXU Corp. and the Commission reached
agreement on the Settlement Plan, which resolved a number of issues related to
transition to retail competition. As a result, TXU Corp. recorded an
extraordinary loss of $57 million (net of income tax benefit of $63 million).
The loss was classified as an extraordinary item in accordance with SFAS No.
101, "Regulated Enterprises - Accounting for the Discontinuance of the
Application of FASB Statement No. 71." The Settlement Plan addressed, among
other items, unrecovered fuel cost, stranded costs and other generation-related
regulatory assets, and the above-market pricing of certain power purchase
contracts. See also Note 16.
The Settlement Plan also addressed the issuance of securitization bonds to
recover regulatory asset stranded costs. The Commission's financing order
related to the bonds was appealed by certain non-settling parties. In
January 2003, the appeals were settled and the financing order became final and
non-appealable. The financing order authorized the issuance of securitization
bonds with a principal amount of up to $1.3 billion. As a result of the appeals
being settled, in the fourth quarter of 2002, TXU Corp. recorded an
extraordinary loss of $134 million (net of income tax benefit of $72 million)
principally to write down the regulatory assets to $1.7 billion to reflect
lower estimated cash flows to be recovered from REPs to service the principal
and interest of the bonds.
A-81
5. INVESTMENTS
The following information is a summary of the investment balance as of
December 31, 2003 and 2002:
December 31,
--------------------
2003 2002
---- ----
Nuclear decommissioning trust............................................ $ 323 $ 266
Equity method investments in business entities........................... 67 35
Common equity investments in subsidiary trusts (see Note 10)............. 30 31
Land..................................................................... 89 90
Assets related to employee benefit plans:
Life insurance policies............................................. 116 91
Marketable securities and others.................................... 34 31
Notes receivable......................................................... 3 153
Miscellaneous other...................................................... 43 27
------ ------
Total investments.................................................. $ 705 $ 724
====== ======
Nuclear Decommissioning Trust -- Deposits in a trust fund for costs to
decommission the Comanche Peak nuclear-powered generation plant are carried at
fair value, with the cumulative increase in fair value recorded as a liability.
(Also see Note 18 under Nuclear Decommissioning). Decommissioning costs are
being recovered from Oncor's customers as a transmission and distribution charge
over the life of the plant and deposited in the trust fund. Activity in the
trust fund was as follows:
December 31, 2003
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost Unrealized gain Unrealized (loss) Fair market value
---- --------------- ----------------- -----------------
Debt securities............ $ 139 $ 6 $ (2) $ 143
Equity securities.......... 126 66 (12) 180
------- ------ ------- -------
$ 265 $ 72 $ (14) $ 323
======= ====== ======= =======
December 31, 2002
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost Unrealized gain Unrealized (loss) Fair market value
---- --------------- ----------------- -----------------
Debt securities............ $ 128 $ 10 $ (1) $ 137
Equity securities.......... 111 37 (19) 129
------- ------ ------ -------
$ 239 $ 47 $ (20) $ 266
======= ====== ======- =======
Debt securities held at December 31, 2003 mature as follows: $56 million
in one to five years, $51 million in five to ten years and $36 million after ten
years.
Equity Investments -- The equity-method investments in business entities
is comprised almost entirely of a one-third interest ($65 million and $31
million at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively) in an Australian pipeline
company (SEA Gas).
Assets Related to Employee Benefit Plans -- The majority of these assets
represent cash surrender values of life insurance policies that are purchased to
fund liabilities under deferred compensation plans. TXU Corp. pays the premiums
and is the beneficiary of these life insurance policies. As of December 31, 2003
and 2002, the face amount of these policies was $533 million and $527 million,
and the net cash surrender value was $116 million and $91 million, respectively.
Changes in cash surrender value are netted against premiums paid. Other
investment assets held to satisfy deferred compensation liabilities are recorded
at market value. Unrealized changes in marketable securities are reflected in
other income.
A-82
Analysis of Certain Investments with Unrealized Losses at
December 31, 2003:
Investments That Have Been in a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
------------------------- -------------------------- ---------------------------
Description of Securities Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized
Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses
- --------------------------------------- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------- ------------ --------------
Nuclear Decommissioning Trust:
Debt Securities.............. $ 12 $ - $ 19 $ (2) $ 31 $ (2)
Equity securities............ 4 (1) 24 (11) 28 (12)
---- ---- ---- ----- ---- ----
Total ................... $ 16 $ (1) $ 43 $ (13) $ 59 $(14)
==== ==== ==== ===== ==== ====
The assets that have experienced unrealized losses are all high-quality
securities that are part of the long-term investment strategy and are expected
to recover within a reasonable period of time. Therefore they are not deemed to
be other-than-temporary impairments.
6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
With the implementation of SFAS 142 in 2002, amortization of goodwill
ceased. Assuming that SFAS 142 had been in effect in the 2001 period, income
from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of
changes in accounting principles and net income would have been $612 million and
$698 million, respectively, and the related earnings per share amounts would
have been $2.27 and $2.68, respectively.
SFAS 142 also requires additional disclosures regarding intangible assets
other than goodwill:
As of December 31, 2003 As of December 31, 2002
--------------------------------- -------------------------------
Gross Gross
Carrying Accumulated Carrying Accumulated
Amount Amortization Net Amount Amortization Net
------ ------------ --- ------ ------------ ---
Intangible assets subject to amortization
included in property, plant and
equipment:
Capitalized software............... $634 $315 $319 $540 $217 $323
Land easements..................... 192 74 118 195 68 127
Mineral rights and other........... 31 22 9 32 21 11
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Total............................ $857 $411 $446 $767 $306 $461
==== ==== ==== ==== ==== ====
Aggregate TXU Corp. amortization expense for intangible assets for the
years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 was $95 million, $91 million and
$53 million, respectively. At December 31, 2003, the weighted average useful
lives of capitalized software, land easements and mineral rights and other were
6 years, 68 years and 40 years, respectively. Estimated amounts of amortization
expense for the next five years are as follows:
Year
----
2004................................................. $95
2005................................................. 76
2006................................................. 67
2007................................................. 48
2008................................................. 25
A-83
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (net of accumulated
amortization) for the year ended December 31, 2003, are as follows:
Energy
Energy Delivery Australia Total
------ -------- --------- -----
Balance at December 31, 2001......... $ 65 $ 799 $ 656 $1,520
Goodwill transferred........... 468 (468) - -
Foreign currency translation
effects ....................... - - 68 68
------- ------ ----- ------
Balance at December 31, 2002......... 533 331 724 1,588
Foreign currency translation
effects ....................... - - 241 241
------- ------ ----- ------
Balance at December 31, 2003......... $ 533 $ 331 $ 965 $1,829
======= ====== ===== ======
At December 31, 2003 and 2002, goodwill was stated net of accumulated
amortization of $242 million and $189 million, respectively.
7. SHORT-TERM FINANCING
Short-term Borrowings -- At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had outstanding
short-term borrowings consisting of bank borrowings of approximately $58 million
and commercial paper of $39 million (all in Australia). At December 31, 2002,
TXU Corp. had outstanding short-term borrowings consisting of bank borrowings of
approximately $2.3 billion (predominantly in the US) at a weighted average
interest rate of 2.6% and commercial paper of $18 million (in Australia).
Credit Facilities -- At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries
had credit facilities (some of which provide for long-term borrowings) as
follows:
At December 31, 2003
--------------------------------------------------
Authorized Facility Letters of Cash
Facility Expiration Date Borrowers Limit Credit Borrowings Availability
- ----------------------------------- --------------- --------- ----- ------ ---------- ------------
Five-Year Revolving Credit Facility February 2005 US Holdings $ 1,400 $ 44 $ - $1,356
Revolving Credit Facility February 2005 TXU Energy, Oncor 450 - - 450
Three-Year Revolving Credit Facility May 2005 US Holdings (a) 400 - - 400
Five-Year Revolving Credit Facility August 2008 TXU Corp. 500 422 - 78
------- ------ ------ ------
Total US $ 2,750 $ 466 $ - $2,284
======= ====== ====== ======
Senior Facility (b) October 2004 TXU Australia $ 899 $ - $ 693 $ 186
Working Capital Facility October 2004 TXU Australia 74 - 23 51
Standby Facility (b) December 2004 TXU Australia 19 - - -
------- ------ ------ ------
Total Australia $ 992 $ - $ 716 $ 237
======= ====== ====== ======
(a) Previously TXU Corp.
(b) Commercial paper borrowings totaling $39 million at December 31, 2003 were
supported by the Standby Facility and the Senior Facility.
In the fourth quarter of 2003, TXU Australia reduced its Senior Facility
by approximately $375 million and cash borrowings declined $238 million. In
February 2004, TXU Australia replaced the Senior Facility with a $412 million
facility maturing in February 2007 and a second $412 million facility maturing
in February 2009. The Working Capital Facility rolled forward in February 2004
to a $56 million facility, maturing in February 2005.
In August 2003, TXU Corp. entered into a $500 million 5-year revolving
credit facility with LOC 2003 Trust, a special purpose, wholly-owned subsidiary
of TXU Corp. (LOC Trust). LOC Trust, in turn, entered into a $500 million 5-year
secured credit facility with a group of lenders. TXU Corp. capitalized LOC Trust
with approximately $525 million of cash, which the lenders have invested in
permitted investments as directed by LOC Trust. LOC Trust's assets, including
the investments, constitute collateral for the benefit of the lenders to secure
issuances of letters of credit or loans, and are owned by LOC Trust. During the
term of the facility, LOC Trust is required to maintain collateral in an amount
A-84
equal to 105% of the commitments under the secured facility. TXU Corp. may
request up to $500 million of letters of credit or up to $250 million of loans
from LOC Trust, subject in the aggregate to its $500 million commitment, for the
benefit of TXU Corp. and its subsidiaries, which may be provided through
issuances of letters of credit or loans by the lenders. LOC Trust's assets are
not available to satisfy claims of creditors of TXU Corp. or its subsidiaries.
However, LOC Trust may terminate all or a portion of the secured facility at any
time and request the release of any collateral not required to secure
outstanding letters of credit or loans, if any, from the lenders. LOC Trust is
included in the consolidated financial statements of TXU Corp. solely to comply
with US GAAP.
In April 2003, TXU Energy and Oncor entered into a joint $450 million
revolving credit facility to be used for working capital and other general
corporate purposes. Up to $450 million of letters of credit may be issued under
the facility.
The $1.4 billion facility provides for up to $1.0 billion in letters of
credit.
The US Holdings, TXU Energy and Oncor facilities provide back-up for any
future issuance of commercial paper by TXU Energy and Oncor. At December 31,
2003, there was no such outstanding commercial paper.
The US facilities listed above are also available for general corporate
and working capital purposes, including provision of collateral support for TXU
Energy's hedging and risk management activities.
Sale of Receivables -- TXU Corp. has established an accounts receivable
securitization program. The activity under this program is accounted for as a
sale of accounts receivable in accordance with SFAS 140. Under the program, US
subsidiaries of TXU Corp. (originators) sell trade accounts receivable to TXU
Receivables Company, a consolidated wholly-owned bankruptcy remote direct
subsidiary of TXU Corp., which sells undivided interests in the purchased
accounts receivable for cash to special purpose entities established by
financial institutions (the funding entities). As of December 31, 2003, the
maximum amount of undivided interests that could be sold by TXU Receivables
Company was $600 million.
All new trade receivables under the program generated by the originators
are continuously purchased by TXU Receivables Company with the proceeds from
collections of receivables previously purchased. Changes in the amount of
funding under the program, through changes in the amount of undivided interests
sold by TXU Receivables Company, are generally due to seasonal variations in the
level of accounts receivable and changes in collection trends. TXU Receivables
Company has issued subordinated notes payable to the originators for the
difference between the face amount of the uncollected accounts receivable
purchased, less a discount, and cash paid to the originators that was funded by
the sale of the undivided interests. The balance of the subordinated notes
payable was $511 million at December 31, 2003.
The discount from face amount on the purchase of receivables principally
funds program fees paid by TXU Receivables Company to the funding entities, as
well as a servicing fee paid by TXU Receivables Company to TXU Business Services
Company, a direct subsidiary of TXU Corp. The program fees (losses on sale),
which consist primarily of interest costs on the underlying financing, were $12
million and $22 million for 2003 and 2002, respectively, and approximated 2.6%
and 3.7% for 2003 and 2002, respectively, of the average funding under the
program on an annualized basis; these fees represent the net incremental costs
of the program to the originators and are reported in SG&A expenses. The
servicing fee, which totaled $7 million and $9 million for 2003 and 2002,
respectively, compensates TXU Business Services Company for its services as
collection agent, including maintaining the detailed accounts receivable
collection records.
The December 31, 2003 balance sheet reflects $1.1 billion face amount of
trade accounts receivable of TXU Energy, TXU Gas and Oncor, reduced by $600
million of undivided interests sold by TXU Receivables Company. Funding under
the program increased $129 million for the year ended December 31, 2003,
primarily due to the effect of improved collection trends at TXU Energy. Funding
under the program for the year ended December 31, 2002 decreased $29 million.
Funding increases or decreases under the program are reflected as operating cash
flow activity in the statement of cash flows. The carrying amount of the
retained interests in the accounts receivable approximated fair value due to the
short-term nature of the collection period.
A-85
Activities of TXU Receivables Company for the years ended December 31,
2003 and 2002 were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------
2003 2002
---- ----
(millions of dollars)
Cash collections on accounts receivable.................................. $ 8,538 $6,778
Face amount of new receivables purchased................................. (8,143) (7,491)
Discount from face amount of purchased receivables....................... 19 31
Program fees paid........................................................ (12) (22)
Servicing fees paid...................................................... (7) (9)
Increase (decrease) in subordinated notes payable........................ (524) 742
------- ------
TXU Corp.'s operating cash flows (provided) used under the program.. $ (129) $ 29
------- ------
Activity for 2001 is not shown in the table above since the current sale
of receivables program began in August 2001 and information for the full year is
not available.
Upon termination of the program, cash flows to TXU Corp. would be delayed
as collections of sold receivables would be used by TXU Receivables Company to
repurchase the undivided interests sold instead of purchasing new receivables.
The level of cash flows would normalize in approximately 16 to 31 days.
In June 2003, the program was amended to provide temporarily higher
delinquency and default compliance ratios and temporary relief from the loss
reserve formula, which allowed for increased funding under the program. The June
amendment reflected the billing and collection delays previously experienced as
a result of new systems and processes in TXU Energy and ERCOT for clearing
customers' switching and billing data upon the transition to competition. In
August 2003, the program was amended to extend the term to July 2004, as well as
to extend the period providing temporarily higher delinquency and default
compliance ratios through December 31, 2003. The higher delinquency and default
compliance ratios were not extended after December 31, 2003 as no relief from
program delinquency and default compliance ratios is expected to be required.
Contingencies Related to Sale of Receivables Program -- Although TXU
Receivables Company expects to be able to pay its subordinated notes from the
collections of purchased receivables, these notes are subordinated to the
undivided interests of the financial institutions in those receivables, and
collections might not be sufficient to pay the subordinated notes. The program
may be terminated if either of the following events occurs:
1) all of the originators cease to maintain their required fixed charge
coverage ratio and debt to capital (leverage) ratio;
2) the delinquency ratio (delinquent for 31 days) for the sold receivables,
the default ratio (delinquent for 91 days or deemed uncollectible),
the dilution ratio (reductions for discounts, disputes
and other allowances) or the days collection outstanding ratio exceed
stated thresholds and the financial institutions do not waive such event
of termination. The thresholds apply to the entire portfolio of sold
receivables, not separately to the receivables of each originator.
The delinquency and dilution ratios exceeded the relevant thresholds
during the first four months of 2003, but waivers were granted. These ratios
were affected by issues related to the transition to competition. Certain
billing and collection delays arose due to implementation of new systems and
processes within TXU Energy and ERCOT for clearing customers' switching and
billing data. The billing delays have been largely resolved. Strengthened credit
and collection policies and practices have brought the ratios into consistent
compliance with the program requirement.
A-86
Under terms of the receivables sale program, all the originators are
required to maintain specified fixed charge coverage and leverage ratios (or
supply a parent guarantor that meets the ratio requirements). The failure by an
originator or its parent guarantor, if any, to maintain the specified financial
ratios would prevent that originator from selling its accounts receivable under
the program. If all the originators and the parent guarantor, if any, fail to
maintain the specified financial ratios so that there are no eligible
originators, the facility would terminate. Prior to the August 2003 amendment
extending the program, originator eligibility was predicated on the maintenance
of an investment grade credit rating.
8. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-Term Debt -- At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the long-term
debt of TXU Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries consisted of the following:
December 31, December 31,
--------------------------
2003 2002
TXU Energy
----------
Pollution Control Revenue Bonds:
Brazos River Authority:
Floating Taxable Series 1993 due June 1, 2023........................................ $ -- $ 44
3.000% Fixed Series 1994A due May 1, 2029, remarketing date May 1, 2005(a)........... 39 39
5.400% Fixed Series 1994B due May 1, 2029, remarketing date May 1, 2006(a)........... 39 39
5.400% Fixed Series 1995A due April 1, 2030, remarketing date May 1, 2006(a)......... 50 50
5.050% Fixed Series 1995B due June 1, 2030, remarketing date June 19, 2006(a)........ 118 118
7.700% Fixed Series 1999A due April 1, 2033.......................................... 111 111
6.750% Fixed Series 1999B due September 1, 2034, remarketing date April 1, 2013(a)... 16 16
7.700% Fixed Series 1999C due March 1, 2032.......................................... 50 50
4.950% Fixed Series 2001A due October 1, 2030, remarketing date April 1, 2004(a)..... 121 121
4.750% Fixed Series 2001B due May 1, 2029, remarketing date November 1, 2006(a)...... 19 19
5.750% Fixed Series 2001C due May 1, 2036, remarketing date November 1, 2011(a)...... 274 274
1.250% Floating Series 2001D due May 1, 2033......................................... 271 271
Floating Taxable Series 2001F due December 31, 2036.................................. -- 39
Floating Taxable Series 2001G due December 1, 2036................................... -- 72
Floating Taxable Series 2001H due December 1, 2036................................... -- 31
1.180% Floating Taxable Series 2001I due December 1, 2036(b)......................... 63 63
1.250% Floating Series 2002A due May 1, 2037(b)...................................... 61 61
6.750% Fixed Series 2003A due April 1, 2038, remarketing date April 1, 2013(a)....... 44 --
6.300% Fixed Series 2003B due July 1, 2032........................................... 39 --
6.750% Fixed Series 2003C due October 1, 2038........................................ 72 --
5.400% Fixed Series 2003D due October 1, 2029, remarketing date October 1,
2014(a).............................................................................. 31 --
Sabine River Authority of Texas:
6.450% Fixed Series 2000A due June 1, 2021........................................... 51 51
5.500% Fixed Series 2001A due May 1, 2022, remarketing date November 1, 2011(a)...... 91 91
5.750% Fixed Series 2001B due May 1, 2030, remarketing date November 1, 2011(a)...... 107 107
4.000% Fixed Series 2001C due May 1, 2028, remarketing date November 1, 2003(a)...... -- 70
Floating Taxable Series 2001D due December 31, 2036.................................. -- 12
Floating Taxable Series 2001E due December 31, 2036.................................. -- 45
5.800% Fixed Series 2003A due July 1, 2022........................................... 12 --
6.150% Fixed Series 2003B due August 1, 2022......................................... 45 --
Trinity River Authority of Texas:
6.250% Fixed Series 2000A due May 1, 2028........................................ .... 14 14
5.000% Fixed Series 2001A due May 1, 2027, remarketing date November 1, 2006(a).. .... 37 37
Other:
7.000% Fixed Senior Notes - TXU Mining due May 1, 2003............................... -- 72
6.875% Fixed Senior Notes - TXU Mining due August 1, 2005............................ 30 30
9.000% Fixed Exchangeable Subordinated Notes due November 22, 2012................... -- 750
6.125% Fixed Senior Notes due March 15, 2008......................................... 250 --
7.000% Fixed Senior Notes due March 15, 2013 (c)..................................... 1,000 --
Capital lease obligations............................................................ 13 10
Other................................................................................ 8 8
Unamortized premium and discount and fair value adjustments.............................. 9 (110)
----- -----
Total TXU Energy ............................................................ 3,085 2,605
A-87
December 31, December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
Oncor
- -----
9.530% Fixed Medium Term Secured Notes due January 30, 2003...................... $ -- $ 4
9.700% Fixed Medium Term Secured Notes due February 28, 2003..................... -- 11
6.750% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due March 1, 2003.............................. -- 133
6.750% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due April 1, 2003.............................. -- 70
8.250% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due April 1, 2004.............................. 100 100
6.250% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due October 1, 2004............................ 121 121
6.750% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due July 1, 2005............................... 92 92
7.875% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due March 1, 2023.............................. -- 224
8.750% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due November 1, 2023........................... -- 103
7.875% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due April 1, 2024.............................. -- 133
7.625% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due July 1, 2025............................... 215 215
7.375% Fixed First Mortgage Bonds due October 1, 2025............................ 178 178
6.375% Fixed Senior Secured Notes due May 1, 2012................................ 700 700
7.000% Fixed Senior Secured Notes due May 1, 2032................................ 500 500
6.375% Fixed Senior Secured Notes due January 15, 2015........................... 500 500
7.250% Fixed Senior Secured Notes due January 15, 2033........................... 350 350
5.000% Fixed Debentures due September 1, 2007.................................... 200 200
7.000% Fixed Debentures due September 1, 2022.................................... 800 800
Unamortized premium and discount................................................. (30) (35)
Oncor Electric Delivery Transition Bond Company LLC (h)
- -------------------------------------------------------
2.260% Fixed Series 2003 Bonds due in bi-annual installments
through February 15, 2007....................................................... 103 --
4.030% Fixed Series 2003 Bonds due in bi-annual installments
through February 15, 2010...................................................... 122 --
4.950% Fixed Series 2003 Bonds due in bi-annual installments
through February 15, 2013...................................................... 130 --
5.420% Fixed Series 2003 Bonds due in bi-annual installments through
August 15, 2015............................................................... 145 --
------- ------
Total Oncor.................................................................. 4,226 4,399
US Holdings
- -----------
7.170% Fixed Senior Debentures due August 1, 2007................................ 10 10
9.580% Fixed Notes due in bi-annual installments through December 4, 2019........ 70 73
8.254% Fixed Notes due in quarterly installments through December 31, 2021....... 67 68
1.910% Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debentures, Series D due January 30,
2037(d)........................................................................ 1 1
8.175% Fixed Junior Subordinated Debentures, Series E due January 30, 2037....... 8 8
------- ------
Total US Holdings ........................................................... 156 160
TXU Gas
- -------
6.250% Fixed Notes due January 1, 2003........................................... -- 125
6.375% Fixed Notes due February 1, 2004.......................................... 150 150
7.125% Fixed Notes due June 15, 2005............................................. 150 150
6.564% Fixed Remarketed Reset Notes due January 1, 2008 (a)...................... 125 125
Unamortized fair value adjustments............................................... 1 1
------- ------
Total TXU Gas ............................................................... 426 551
TXU Australia
- -------------
Floating Notes due October 30, 2003.............................................. -- 17
5.928% Floating Notes due September 21, 2007(e).................................. 206 155
6.395% Floating Note, Tranche A Facility due October 26, 2004(e)................. 75 23
6.318% Floating Note, Tranche A Facility due October 26, 2004(e)................. 93 142
6.395% Floating Note, Tranche B Facility due October 26, 2004(e)................. 150 113
6.395% Floating Note, Tranche B Facility due October 26, 2004(e)................. 37 34
6.395% Floating Note, Tranche B Facility due October 26, 2004(e)................. 187 62
Floating Note, Tranche B Facility due October 26, 2004........................... -- 73
Floating Note, Tranche C Facility due October 26, 2004........................... -- 311
6.600% Floating Note, Tranche C Facility due October 26, 2004(e)................. 150 113
7.000% Fixed Medium Term Notes due September 22, 2005............................ 150 113
6.090% Fixed Senior Notes due December 1, 2006(g) (e)............................ 250 250
6.340% Fixed Senior Notes due December 1, 2016(g)................................ 100 100
6.150% Fixed Senior Notes due December 1, 2013(g)................................ 57 --
6.150% Fixed Senior Notes due December 1, 2013(g) (e)............................ 243 --
Unamortized premium and discount and fair value adjustments...................... 17 22
-------- --------
Total TXU Australia.......................................................... 1,715 1,528
A-88
December 31, December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
TXU Corp.
6.375% Fixed Senior Notes Series B due October 1, 2004........................... 175 175
6.375% Fixed Senior Notes Series C due January 1, 2008........................... 200 200
5.520% Fixed Senior Notes Series D due August 16, 2003........................... -- 323
4.050% Fixed Senior Notes Series E due August 16, 2004........................... 2 2
6.375% Fixed Senior Notes Series J due June 15, 2006............................. 800 800
4.750% Fixed Senior Notes Series K due November 16, 2006 remarketing date
August 16, 2004(f)............................................................. 500 500
5.450% Fixed Senior Notes Series L due November 16, 2007 remarketing date
August 16, 2005(f)............................................................. 500 500
5.800% Fixed Senior Notes Series M due May 16, 2008 remarketing date February
16, 2006(f).................................................................... 440 440
6.000% Fixed Pinnacle Overfund Trust Debt due bi-annually through August 15,
2004 (see Note 3)............................................................. 91 178
8.820% Building Financing due bi-annually through February 11, 2022.............. 130 140
2.650% Floating Convertible Senior Notes due July 15, 2033(d).................... 525 --
Unamortized premium and discount and fair value adjustments...................... 30 50
------- --------
Total TXU Corp.............................................................. 3,393 3,308
------- -------
Total TXU Corp. consolidated........................................................ 13,001 12,551
Less amount due currently........................................................... 677 958
------- -------
Total long-term debt................................................................ $12,324 $11,593
======= =======
(a) These series are in the multiannual mode and are subject to mandatory
tender prior to maturity on the mandatory remarketing date. On such date,
the interest rate and interest rate period will be reset for the bonds.
(b) Interest rates in effect at December 31, 2003. These series are in a
flexible or weekly rate mode and are classified as long-term as they are
supported by long-term irrevocable letters of credit. Series in the
flexible mode will be remarketed for periods of less than 270 days.
(c) Interest rates swapped to floating on $500 million principal amount.
(d) Interest rates in effect at December 31, 2003.
(e) Interest rates fixed by swaps.
(f) Equity-linked.
(g) US Dollar denominated debt. Interest rates swapped to floating through a
cross-currency fair value hedge in Australia.
(h) Bond principal amounts total $500 million, and the bonds are nonrecourse
to Oncor.
New Debt Issuances in 2003:
In December 2003, TXU Australia issued $300 million of senior notes due
2013 in a private placement to US and offshore institutional investors. Proceeds
from the senior notes were used to pay down the senior credit facility. (See
Note 7 for discussion of TXU Australia credit facility activity.)
In August 2003, Oncor issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of
transition (securitization) bonds in accordance with the Settlement Plan. The
bonds were issued in four classes that require bi-annual interest and principal
installment payments beginning in 2004 through specified dates in 2007 through
2015. The bonds bear interest at fixed annual rates ranging from 2.26% to 5.42%.
A second issuance of approximately $790 million is expected to be completed in
the first half of 2004.
In July 2003, TXU Corp. issued $525 million of floating rate convertible
senior notes due 2033 in a private placement with registration rights. The notes
bear regular interest at an annual floating rate equal to 3-month LIBOR,
determined quarterly, plus 150 basis points, and are payable in arrears
quarterly commencing October 15, 2003. The initial interest rate was 2.606%. The
notes will bear additional contingent interest during periods after July 15,
2008 if the average trading price of the notes for a specified period exceeds
120% of the principal amount of the notes. The notes will have an initial
conversion rate of 28.9289 shares of TXU Corp. common stock per $1,000 principal
amount of notes, which equates to an initial conversion price of $34.5675 per
share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustments in certain circumstances,
including a change in the amount of quarterly cash dividends per share on TXU
Corp. common stock from the current rate of $0.125 per share. The notes will be
convertible at the conversion rate, as adjusted, until maturity if (1) during
any fiscal quarter the market price of TXU Corp. common stock is above $41.481
per share for a specified period; (2) TXU Corp. calls the notes for redemption;
(3) the trading price of the notes falls below 95% of the conversion value of
the notes for a specified period; or (4) certain specified corporate
transactions occur. Should the holders elect to convert the notes, TXU Corp. has
A-89
the option to settle the conversion in cash, common stock or a combination of
both. The notes will be redeemable by TXU Corp. at par, plus accrued and unpaid
interest and contingent interest, if any, beginning July 15, 2008. The holders
will be entitled to require TXU Corp. to purchase the notes at par, plus accrued
and unpaid interest and contingent interest, if any, on July 15, 2008, July 15,
2013, July 15, 2018, July 15, 2023 and July 15, 2028. Other than on July 15,
2008, upon a holder's election to require a repurchase, TXU Corp. may elect to
pay the purchase price in cash, common stock, or a combination of both. With
certain exceptions, the holders will be entitled to require TXU Corp. to
repurchase the notes if a person or group acquires more than 50% of TXU Corp.'s
common equity or if there is a merger, sale of assets or other transaction that
results in TXU Corp.'s common stockholders owning less than 50% of the surviving
entity. TXU Corp. intends to settle any conversion or purchase in cash.
In March 2003, TXU Energy issued $1.25 billion aggregate principal amount
of senior unsecured notes in two series in a private placement with registration
rights. One series in the amount of $250 million is due March 15, 2008, and
bears interest at the annual rate of 6.125%, and the other series in the amount
of $1 billion is due March 15, 2013, and bears interest at the annual rate of
7%. In August 2003, TXU Energy entered into interest rate swap transactions
through 2013, which are being accounted for as fair value hedges, to effectively
convert $500 million of the notes to floating interest rates.
Debt Repayments in 2003:
In September 2003, Oncor redeemed the $224 million aggregate principal
amount of its 7 7/8% First Mortgage Bonds due March 1, 2023 and $133 million
principal amount of its 7 7/8% First Mortgage Bonds due April 1, 2024.
In August 2003, TXU Corp. redeemed the $323 million principal amount of
its 5.52% Series D Senior Notes, at the maturity date, for par value plus
accrued interest.
In May 2003, $72 million principal amount of the 7% TXU Mining fixed rate
senior notes were repaid at maturity.
In April 2003, Oncor repaid the $70 million principal amount of its First
Mortgage Bonds, 6.75% Series, at the maturity date for par value plus accrued
interest. A restricted cash deposit of $72 million was utilized to fund the
maturity.
In March 2003, Oncor repaid the $133 million principal amount of its First
Mortgage Bonds, 6.75% Series, at the maturity date for par value plus accrued
interest. A restricted cash deposit of $138 million was utilized to fund the
maturity.
In March 2003, Oncor redeemed $103 million principal amount of its First
Mortgage and Collateral Trust Bonds, 8.75% Series due November 1, 2023, at
104.01% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest to the redemption
date.
Oncor's $4 million and $11 million medium term secured notes were repaid
in January and February 2003, respectively, at maturity for par value plus
accrued interest.
In January 2003, TXU Gas redeemed, at par value plus accrued interest,
$125 million principal amount of its 6.25% Notes at maturity.
Debt Remarketings and Other Activity:
In November 2003, the Brazos River Authority Series 2001D pollution
control revenue bonds (aggregate principal amount of $271 million) were
remarketed and converted from a multiannual mode to a weekly rate mode, and the
Sabine River Authority Series 2001C pollution control revenue bonds (aggregate
principal amount of $70 million) were purchased upon mandatory tender. TXU Corp.
intends to remarket these bonds in the first half of 2004.
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In October 2003, the Brazos River Authority issued $72 million aggregate
principal amount of Series 2003C pollution control revenue bonds and $31 million
aggregate principal amount of Series 2003D pollution control revenue bonds for
TXU Energy. The Series 2003C bonds will bear interest at an annual rate of 6.75%
until maturity in 2038. The Series 2003D bonds will bear interest at an annual
rate of 5.40% until their mandatory tender date in 2014, at which time they will
be remarketed. Proceeds from the issuance of the Series 2003C and Series 2003D
bonds were used to refund the $72 million aggregate principal amount of Brazos
River Authority Taxable Series 2001G and the $31 million aggregate principal
amount of Series 2001H variable rate pollution control revenue bonds, both due
December 1, 2036. The Sabine River Authority also issued $45 million aggregate
principal amount of Series 2003B pollution control revenue bonds for TXU Energy.
The Series 2003B bonds will bear interest at an annual rate of 6.15% until
maturity in 2022, however they become callable in 2013. Proceeds from the
issuance of the Series 2003B bonds were used to refund the $45 million aggregate
principal amount of Sabine River Authority Taxable Series 2001E variable rate
pollution control revenue bonds due December 1, 2036.
In July 2003, the Brazos River Authority issued $39 million aggregate
principal amount of Series 2003B pollution control revenue bonds for TXU Energy.
The bonds will bear interest at an annual rate of 6.30% until maturity in 2032.
Proceeds from the issuance of the bonds were used to refund the $39 million
aggregate principal amount of Brazos River Authority Taxable Series 2001F
variable rate pollution control revenue bonds due December 31, 2036. The Sabine
River Authority also issued $12 million aggregate principal amount of Series
2003A pollution control revenue bonds for TXU Energy. The bonds will bear
interest at an annual rate of 5.80% until maturity in 2022. Proceeds from the
issuance of these bonds were used to refund the $12 million aggregate principal
amount of Sabine River Authority Taxable Series 2001D pollution control revenue
bonds due December 31, 2036.
In May 2003, the Brazos River Authority Series 1994A and the Trinity River
Authority Series 2000A pollution control revenue bonds (aggregate principal
amount of $53 million) were purchased upon mandatory tender. In July 2003, the
bonds were remarketed and converted from a floating rate mode to a multiannual
mode at an annual rate of 3.00% and 6.25%, respectively. The rate on the 1994A
bonds will remain in effect until their mandatory remarketing date of May 1,
2005. The rate on the 2000A bonds will remain in effect until their maturity in
2028.
In April 2003, the Brazos River Authority Series 1999A pollution control
revenue bonds, with an aggregate principal amount of $111 million, were
remarketed. The bonds now bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 7.70% and are
callable beginning on April 1, 2013 at a price of 101% until March 31, 2014 and
at 100% thereafter.
In March 2003, the Brazos River Authority Series 1999B and 1999C pollution
control revenue bonds (aggregate principal amount of $66 million) were converted
from a floating rate mode to a multiannual mode at an annual rate of 6.75% and a
fixed rate of 7.70%, respectively. The rate on the 1999B bonds will remain in
effect until 2013 at which time they will be remarketed. The rate on the 1999C
bonds is fixed to maturity in 2032, however they become callable in 2013.
In March 2003, the Brazos River Authority issued $44 million aggregate
principal amount of pollution control revenue bonds Series 2003A for TXU Energy.
The bonds will bear interest at an annual rate of 6.75% until the mandatory
tender date of April 1, 2013. On April 1, 2013, the bonds will be remarketed.
Proceeds from the issuance of the bonds were used to repay the $44 million
principal amount of Brazos River Authority Series 1993 pollution control revenue
bonds due June 1, 2023.
The pollution control series variable rate debt of TXU Energy requires
periodic remarketing. Because TXU Energy intends to remarket these obligations,
and has the ability and intent to refinance if necessary, they have been
classified as long-term debt.
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Equity-Linked Debt Securities -- At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had
outstanding equity-linked securities consisting of the following:
Senior Notes Stock Purchase Contract
- ----------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
Price per share Number of Shares
--------------------- -------------------------
Annual(1) Annual(1)
Stated Interest Contract
Security Amount Rate Adjustment Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
-------- ------ ---- ---------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Issued 2001:
Series K due 2006 $ 500 4.750%(2) 3.650%(3) $45.64 $55.68 8,980,000 10,956,000
Series L due 2007 500 5.450%(4) 3.300%(5) $45.64 $55.68 8,980,000 10,956,000
Issued 2002:
Series M due 2008 440 5.800%(6) 2.325%(7) $51.15 $62.91 6,993,600 8,602,000
------ ---------- ----------
Total $1,440 24,953,600 30,514,000
====== ========== ==========
- ------------------------
(1) Payable quarterly
(2) Payable until August 16, 2004, after which the annual interest rate is
expected to be reset in a remarketing
(3) Applied to the par value of $50, and payable until the stock purchase
contract settlement date of November 16, 2004.
(4) Payable until August 16, 2005, after which the annual interest rate is
expected to be reset in a remarketing
(5) Applied to the par value of $25 and payable from November 16, 2004 until
November 16, 2005
(6) Expected to be remarketed between November 16, 2005 and February 16, 2006,
at which time the rate may change.
(7) Payable until the stock purchase contract settlement date of May 16, 2006.
Equity-linked debt securities consist of (i) senior notes and (ii) a
stock purchase contract that obligates the holder to purchase TXU Corp. common
stock on a future settlement date. The number of shares issuable upon settlement
of stock purchase contracts represents the stated value of the notes divided by
an average of the market price of TXU Corp. common stock immediately preceding
the settlement date. The calculation of shares issuable is subject to a minimum
price, which is typically the market price of common stock at the time of
initial issuance of the equity-linked debt securities, and a maximum price,
which includes a premium over the minimum price that was negotiated in
connection with the pricing of the offering.
To the extent the market price of TXU Corp. common stock is below the
minimum price on the applicable settlement date, holders of equity-linked debt
securities would be required to purchase TXU Corp. common stock at a price
higher than the market price at that time. The market price of TXU Corp.'s
common stock is currently below the minimum price for the currently outstanding
series of equity-linked debt securities.
At the time of issuance of the securities, TXU Corp. recorded a liability
for the present value of the contract adjustment payments with an offsetting
reduction to common stock equity. The total maximum number of shares of TXU
Corp. common stock issuable in connection with the stock purchase contracts have
been reserved.
In addition to interest, holders receive contract adjustment payments
through the contract settlement dates, which are generally two years prior to
the maturity of the debt securities. On the contract settlement date, the holder
must purchase the common stock at the calculated price, and may elect to
participate in a remarketing of the senior notes to fund such purchase, or
settle the purchase contract in cash and continue to hold the senior notes. If
the remarketing of the senior notes is not successful, the holders have the
right to put the notes to TXU Corp. for the calculated number of shares of
common stock.
TXU Corp. has the right to defer the contract adjustment payments on these
equity-linked debt securities, but any such election would subject TXU Corp. to
restrictions on the payment of dividends on and redemption of outstanding shares
of its common stock. TXU Corp. currently has no plans to defer these contract
adjustment payments.
A-92
The following equity-linked securities issued in 1998 were settled in 2002
and 2001:
Senior Notes Stock Purchase Contract
- -------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
Stated Settled Notes Put Sr. Notes Shares
Security Amount Date Settled in Cash for Shares Retained Issued
- -------------------- ------ ------------ ------- ---------- -------- ------
Series E due 2004 $350 August 16, 2002 $109 $238 $ 2 8,365,133
Series D due 2003 $350 August 16, 2001 $351 $ -- $-- 7,488,395
Debt Issuances and Retirements in 2002:
In 2002, TXU Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries issued $4.6 billion
of long-term debt including $2.0 billion of senior secured notes, $1.0 billion
of fixed rate debentures, $750 million of exchangeable subordinated notes, which
were exchanged in July 2003 for exchangeable preferred membership interests in
TXU Energy, $440 million of equity-linked debt securities and $327 million of
other debt. TXU Corp. retired $3.6 billion of long-term debt during 2002,
including $1.5 billion of floating rate debentures, $1.0 billion of first
mortgage bonds, $200 million putable asset term securities, $109 million of
equity-linked debt securities and $768 million of other debt.
Maturities -- Sinking fund and maturity requirements for all long-term
debt instruments, excluding capital lease obligations, in effect at December 31,
2003, were as follows:
Year
2004......................................................... $ 677
2005......................................................... 473
2006......................................................... 1,603
2007......................................................... 970
2008 ........................................................ 1,070
Thereafter................................................... 8,168
Unamortized premium and discount and fair value adjustments.. 27
Capital lease obligations.................................... 13
-------
Total.................................................. $13,001
=======
9. PREFERRED SECURITIES OF SUBSIDIARIES
Preferred interests of consolidated subsidiaries consist of the following:
December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
Exchangeable preferred membership interests of
TXU Energy, net of $104 unamortized discount...... $ 646 $ -
Preferred stock of TXU Gas......................... 75 75
Preferred stock of US Holdings..................... 38 136
------ ------
Total.............................................. $ 759 $ 211
====== ======
Exchangeable Preferred Membership Interests of TXU Energy -- In July 2003,
TXU Energy exercised its right to exchange its $750 million 9% Exchangeable
Subordinated Notes issued in November 2002 and due November 2012 for
exchangeable preferred membership interests with identical economic and other
terms. The preferred membership interests bear distributions at the annual rate
of 9% and permit the deferral of such distributions. The preferred membership
interests may be exchanged at the option of the holders, subject to certain
restrictions, at any time for up to approximately 57 million shares of TXU Corp.
common stock at an exchange price of $13.1242 per share. The number of shares of
TXU Corp. common stock that may be issuable upon the exercise of the exchange
right is determined by dividing the aggregate liquidation value of preferred
membership interests to be exchanged by the exchange price. The exchange price
and the number of shares to be issued are subject to anti-dilution adjustments.
At issuance of the notes that were exchanged for the preferred membership
A-93
interests, TXU Corp. recognized a discount on the securities of $111 million,
which represented the excess of the market value of TXU Corp. common stock on
the transaction date over the exchange price applied to the number of issuable
shares. This discount is being amortized to interest expense and related charges
over the term of the securities. As a result, the effective distribution rate on
the preferred membership interests is 11.5%. At the time of any exchange of the
preferred membership interests for common stock, the unamortized discount will
be proportionately written off as a charge to earnings. If all the membership
interests had been exchanged into common stock on December 31, 2003, the pre-tax
charge would have been $104 million. These preferred membership interests are
considered not to be mandatorily redeemable under SFAS 150 because of the
exchangeability provision.
The original purchasers of the notes that were exchanged for the preferred
membership interests were granted the right to nominate one member to the board
of directors of TXU Corp., and such nominee has been elected to fill a vacancy.
The original purchasers forfeit this right if they cease to hold at least 30% of
their original investment in the form of common stock and/or preferred
membership interests. In any event, this right expires on the later of (i)
November 2012 or, (ii) the date no membership interests remain outstanding. The
holders of the preferred membership interests are restricted from actions that
would increase their control of TXU Corp.
Preferred Stock of TXU Gas -- At December 31, 2003, TXU Gas had 75,000
shares of Adjustable Rate Series F Preferred Stock outstanding (2,000,000 total
shares authorized) which is entitled upon liquidation to the stated value of
$1,000 per share. The preferred stock series is the underlying preferred stock
for depositary shares that were issued to the public. Each depositary share of
$25 per share, represents one-fortieth of a share of underlying preferred stock.
The dividend rate is determined quarterly, in advance, based on US Treasury
rates and was 4.61% at December 31, 2003.
Preferred Stock of US Holdings -- At December 31, 2003, US Holdings had
379,000 shares of cumulative, preferred stock without par value outstanding with
dividend rates ranging from $4.00 to $5.08 per share. The preferred stock can be
redeemed at prices ranging from $101.70 per share to $112.00 per share. In July
2003, US Holdings redeemed all of the shares of its $7.98 series, $7.50 series
and $7.22 series of preferred stock, which were not subject to mandatory
redemption, and the shares of its $6.98 series of preferred stock subject to
mandatory redemption for an aggregate principal amount of $91 million. In
September 2003, US Holdings called all of its $6.375 mandatorily redeemable
preferred stock for redemption, and on October 1, 2003 all of these shares were
redeemed for an aggregate principal amount of $7 million.
The holders of preferred stock of TXU Gas and US Holdings have no voting
rights except for changes to the articles of incorporation that would change the
rights or preferences of such stock, authorize additional shares of stock or
create an equal or superior class of stock. They have the right to vote for the
election of directors only if certain dividend arrearages exist.
A-94
10. LONG-TERM DEBT HELD BY SUBSIDIARY TRUSTS
Statutory business trusts have been established as wholly-owned financing
subsidiaries of TXU Corp. and TXU Gas. The assets of the trusts consist solely
of Junior Subordinated Debentures issued by TXU Corp. or TXU Gas, and the trusts
have issued preferred interests, as presented below:
Trust Assets (Long-Term Debt of
Trust Preferred Interests TXU Corp. or TXU Gas)
------------------------------ ------------------------------
December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31,
2003 2002 2003 2002
---- ---- ---- ----
TXU Corp.
- --------
Capital I Trust
(9.2 million units of 7.25% Series due 2029).... $ 223 $ 223 $ 237 $ 237
Capital II Trust
(6.0 million units of 8.70% Series due 2034).... 145 145 154 154
----- ------ ------ -----
Total.......................................... 368 368 391 391
TXU Gas
- -------
Capital I Trust
(150 thousand units of Floating Rate Series due
2028)(a)...................................... 147 147 155 155
----- ------ ------ -----
Total.......................................... $ 515 $ 515 $ 546 $ 546
===== ====== ====== =====
(a) Interest rate swaps effectively fixed the rate on $100 million and $50
million of the preferred interests at 6.629% and 6.444%, respectively, to
July 1, 2003. These swaps were not renewed and the payments are now based on
the three-month LIBOR rate plus a margin of 135 basis points.
TXU Corp. and TXU Gas, as the parent companies, own the subsidiary trusts'
common interests, which are reported in investments in the balance sheet, and
each has effectively issued a full and unconditional guarantee of its trusts'
preferred interests.
As a result of the adoption of FIN 46 in the fourth quarter of 2003, the
subsidiary trusts have been deconsolidated. Accordingly, TXU Corp.'s balance
sheet reflects $546 million of long-term debt held by the trusts and an
investment in the trusts of approximately $30 million, instead of the former
presentation of $515 million of preferred interests of subsidiaries. The balance
sheet at December 31, 2002 also reflects the deconsolidation. The income
statement was unaffected by the deconsolidation.
11. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common Stock Equity -- Under Texas law, TXU Corp. may only declare
dividends out of surplus, which is statutorily defined as total shareholders'
equity less the book value of common stock and preferred stock (stated capital).
The write-off in 2002 of TXU Corp.'s investment in TXU Europe resulted in
negative surplus as of December 31, 2002. Texas law permits, subject to the
receipt of shareholder approval, the reclassification of stated capital into
surplus. TXU Corp. received such shareholder approval of this reclassification
in a special meeting of shareholders held February 14, 2003. Surplus at December
31, 2003 was $5.6 billion (reflecting the $8.0 billion reclassification made in
February 2003).
Additional paid-in capital at December 31, 2003 and 2002 includes $111
million related to the discount at issuance on the 9% Exchangeable Subordinated
Notes of TXU Energy. These notes were exchanged into preferred membership
interests of TXU Energy in July 2003 (see Note 9) and continue to be
exchangeable into TXU Corp. common stock.
A-95
The Board of Directors of TXU Corp., at its February 2004 meeting,
declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 a share, payable April 1, 2004, to
shareholders of record on March 5, 2004. Future dividends may vary depending
upon TXU Corp.'s profit levels, operating cash flows and capital requirements as
well as financial and other business conditions existing at the time.
TXU Corp. has a Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment (DRIP)
Plan and an employee savings plan (Thrift Plan) (see Note 11). During 2003,
2002, and 2001, $10 million, $40 million and $12 million in common stock of TXU
Corp. were allocated to these plans, respectively. Shares are purchased on the
open market or from the LESOP trustee for the Thrift Plan. TXU Corp. has been
issuing new shares for the DRIP since mid-August 2001.
At December 31, 2003, the Thrift Plan had an obligation of $235 million
outstanding in the form of a note that TXU Corp. had purchased from a
third-party lender in 1990 and recorded as a reduction to common equity. The
note had been issued in connection with purchases of TXU Corp. common stock on
the open market by the Thrift Plan trustee to satisfy future matching
requirements under the Thrift Plan. At December 31, 2003, the Thrift Plan
trustee held 3,868,756 shares of TXU Corp. common stock, valued at $23.72 per
share, under the leveraged employee stock ownership provision of the Thrift
Plan. These shares (LESOP Shares) are held by the trustee until allocated to
Thrift Plan participants when required to meet TXU Corp.'s obligations under
terms of the Thrift Plan. The Thrift Plan uses dividends on the LESOP Shares
held and contributions from TXU Corp., if required, to repay interest and
principal on the note. TXU Corp. contributed $25 million in 2003, recorded as a
charge to earnings, to service the note. Allocations of LESOP Shares to
participants' accounts increased common stock equity by $4 million in 2003, $8
million in 2002 and $9 million in 2001.
At December 31, 2003, authorized but unissued common shares of TXU Corp.
were reserved for issuance pursuant to the following;
DRIP Plan........................................ 2,759,578
Thrift Plan (including LESOP).................... 6,914,596
TXU Corp. long-term incentive compensation plan.. 6,768,437
Equity-linked debt securities.................... 30,514,000
Exchangeable subordinated membership interests... 57,146,340
Other............................................ 1,026,781
-----------
Total....................................... 105,129,732
===========
During 2002, TXU Corp. issued a total of 46,800,000 shares in two separate
public offerings and also issued 8,365,133 shares related to equity-linked debt.
During 2001, TXU Corp. had two equity purchase agreements with separate
financial institutions to purchase shares of TXU Corp.'s common stock. In April
2001, TXU Corp. purchased 1,252,500 shares of its common stock for $44 million
under one of the equity purchase agreements. Following that purchase, TXU Corp.
terminated both contracts without purchasing additional shares. Settlement of
these agreements had no effect on earnings.
Stock-based Compensation Plans -- Effective with the 1997 merger of
ENSERCH Corporation (now TXU Gas) and TXU Corp., outstanding options for ENSERCH
Corporation common stock were exchanged for options for 532,913 shares of TXU
Corp.'s common stock (TXU Gas Stock Option Plan). At December 31, 2003, 23,674
of these options remained outstanding and exercisable at prices ranging from
$20.93 to $28.83 per share. No further options have been, or will be, granted
under this plan.
The Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan is a comprehensive, stock-based
incentive compensation plan, providing for discretionary awards (Awards) of
incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights,
restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units,
bonus stock and other stock-based awards. The maximum number of shares of common
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stock for which Awards may be granted under the plan is 10,000,000, of which
6,654,266 shares remain authorized and available for award. During 2003, 2002,
and 2001, the Board of Directors granted the award of shares of restricted
common stock, which were issued subject to performance and vesting requirements
over a two, three or five-year period as shown below. No stock options have been
granted under this Plan.
TXU Australia has an Employee Share Plan, introduced in 2001, which is
available to Australia-based directors and employees of TXU Australia with at
least three months of service at the beginning of each six-month offering
period, starting on January 1 and July 1. Employees who elect to participate in
this plan enroll and re-enroll for six-month offer periods, and purchase TXU
Corp. common stock at a 15% discount from the TXU Corp. stock price, based on
the lower of the fair market value on the first business day of the offering
period or the fair market value on a nominated date just prior to final
contributions for the relevant offering period. Participants may elect between a
tax exempt option or a tax deferred option. At the end of each offering period,
participants may elect to continue, change their contribution amounts or exit
the plan. As of December 31, 2003, participants had been granted rights to
purchase 28,892 shares of TXU Corp. common stock under the plan.
At May 19, 2003, participants rights under the TXU Europe Sharesave Plan
to purchase TXU Corp. Common Stock expired, and all outstanding rights were
terminated.
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The following table presents information about the stock options and stock
grants under various stock compensation plans at December 31, 2003.
TXU Long-term
TXU Gas Incentive TXU Australia
Stock Option Compensation Plan Sharesave Plan
Plan (Stock Grants) (Discount Purchases)
------------ -------------- --------------------
Balance-- December 31, 2000................... 199,370 648,700
Granted.................................. - 593,325
Lapsed................................... (3,165) (40,000)
Exercised................................ (116,755) (32,667)
-------- ---------
Balance-- December 31, 2001................... 79,450 1,169,358
-------- ----------
Granted.................................. -- 1,002,650 18,065
Lapsed .................................. (52,105) (277,950) --
Exercised................................ (1,139) (361,067) --
-------- ---------- -------
Balance-- December 31, 2002................... 26,206 1,532,991 18,065
-------- ---------- -------
Granted.................................. -- 1,900,600 10,827
Lapsed .................................. (2,532) (515,591) --
Exercised................................ -- (37,167) --
------ ---------- -------
Balance-- December 31, 2003................... 23,674 2,880,833 28,892
====== ========= ======
Exercisable/will vest-- 2004.................. 4,305 407,067 --
Exercisable/will vest-- 2005.................. 2,343 1,311,566 18,065
Exercisable/will vest-- 2006.................. 17,026 1,162,200 10,827
Exercisable/will vest-- 2007.................. -- -- --
Exercisable/will vest-- thereafter............ -- -- --
Weighted average exercise price-- 2003
Outstanding-- Beginning of year.......... $ 24.55 -- $27.59
Granted.................................. $ -- -- --
Lapsed .................................. $ 25.08 -- --
Exercised................................ $ -- -- --
Outstanding-- End of year................ $ 24.50 -- $27.59
Weighted average fair value of awards granted in:
2001 .................................... $ -- $ 44.12 $ --
2002 .................................... $ -- $ 49.46 $32.45
2003 .................................... $ -- $ 17.75 $22.90
Compensation expense related to restricted stock issued under the TXU
Long-term Incentive Compensation Plan is measured based on the market price of
the stock at the end of the performance period because the number of shares that
will be distributed is not known at the date of grant. Compensation expense must
be estimated and allocated over the performance period, beginning with the
period in which it becomes probable that the performance requirements will be
met. Changes in estimates are recorded prospectively. The TXU Long-term
Incentive Compensation Plan increased compensation expense by $9 million in 2001
and by $27 million in 2003 and decreased compensation expense by $17 million in
2002. Had compensation expense for TXU Corp.'s stock options under the TXU Gas
Stock Option Plan, granted to employees in 1992 through 1996, been determined
based upon the fair value methodology prescribed under SFAS 123, TXU Corp.'s net
income would not have been materially different.
A-98
Preference Stock -- TXU Corp. has 3,000 shares of Series B preference
stock outstanding. The preference stock has a dividend rate of 7.24% until June
15, 2005. The dividend rate for subsequent periods will be determined according
to periodic auctions. The Series B preference stock has a liquidation preference
of $100,000 per share. TXU Corp. may not redeem the shares before June 15, 2005.
TXU Corp. is authorized to issue up to 50 million shares of preference stock in
one or more series.
Shareholders Rights Plan -- In February 1999, the Board of Directors
adopted a shareholder rights plan pursuant to which shareholders were granted
rights to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series A Preference Stock
(Rights) for each share of TXU Corp.'s common stock held.
In the event that any person acquires more than 15% of TXU Corp.'s
outstanding common stock, in a transaction not approved by the board of
directors, the Rights become exercisable, entitling each holder (other than the
acquiring person or group) to purchase that number of shares of securities or
other property of TXU Corp. having a market value equal to two times the
exercise price of the Rights. If TXU Corp. were acquired in a merger or other
business combination, each Right would entitle its holder to purchase a number
of the acquiring company's common shares having a market value of two times the
exercise price of the Right. In either case, TXU Corp.'s Board of Directors may
choose to redeem the Rights before they become exercisable. TXU Corp.'s Board
declared a dividend of one Right for each outstanding share of Common Stock.
Rights were distributed to shareholders of record on March 1, 1999.
Dividend Restrictions -- Under existing provisions of the TXU Preferred
Securities (Preferred Securities), so long as any Preferred Securities of any
series remain outstanding, TXU Corp. shall not declare or pay any dividend on,
or redeem, purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any
of TXU Corp.'s capital stock, or make any guarantee payments with respect to the
foregoing (other than payments under the guarantee relating to such Preferred
Securities) if at such time (a) TXU Corp. shall be in default with respect to
its payment or other obligations under the guaranty relating to such Preferred
Securities, (b) there shall have occurred, and be continuing, a payment default
(whether before or after expiration of any grace period) or an Event of Default
under the Preferred Securities, or (c) TXU Corp. shall have elected to extend
any payment period as provided in the agreement and any such period, or any
extension thereof, shall be continuing.
In connection with the issuance of equity-linked debt securities in June
2002 and October 2001 (see Note 8), TXU Corp. is required to make contract
adjustment payments to the holders of the equity-linked debt securities. TXU
Corp. has the right to defer the contract adjustment payments, but any such
election would subject TXU Corp. to restrictions on the payment of dividends on
and redemption of outstanding shares of common stock. TXU Corp. has no plans to
defer these contract adjustment payments.
In addition, under borrowing arrangements, TXU Corp. is required to
maintain a specified equity ratio, which is affected by dividend payments;
however, no dividends are presently restricted.
The mortgage of Oncor restricts Oncor's payment of dividends to the amount
of its retained earnings. Certain other debt instruments and preferred
securities of TXU Corp.'s subsidiaries contain provisions that restrict payment
of dividends during any interest or distribution payment deferral period or
while any payment default exists. At December 31, 2003, there were no
restrictions on the payment of dividends under these provisions.
A-99
12. INCOME TAXES
The components of TXU Corp.'s provisions for income taxes for continuing
operations are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Current:
US Federal......................................................... $291 $ 47 $257
State.............................................................. 11 7 41
Non-US............................................................. 1 2 (5)
---- ---- -----
Total............................................................ 303 56 293
---- ---- -----
Deferred:
US Federal......................................................... 7 48 (33)
State.............................................................. (1) 1 (3)
Non-US............................................................. 27 20 2
---- ---- -----
Total............................................................ 33 69 (34)
---- ---- -----
Investment tax credits............................................... (22) (26) (23)
---- ---- -----
Total............................................................ $314 $ 99 $ 236
==== ==== =====
Reconciliation of income taxes computed at the US federal statutory rate
to provision for income taxes:
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Income from continuing operations before income taxes, extraordinary
loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles:
Domestic............................................................. $917 $184 $797
Non-US............................................................... 134 97 8
------ ----- ----
Total............................................................ $1,051 $281 $805
====== ===== ====
Income taxes at the US federal statutory rate of 35%.................... $ 368 $ 98 $282
Depletion allowance.................................................. (25) (25) (25)
Amortization of investment tax credits............................... (22) (26) (23)
Amortization (under regulatory accounting) of statutory rate changes. (8) (8) (8)
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit....................... 6 5 25
Amortization of goodwill............................................. - -- 11
Nondeductible losses................................................. - 53 -
Other................................................................ (5) 2 (26)
------ ----- ----
Provision for income taxes.............................................. $ 314 $ 99 $236
====== ===== ====
Effective tax rate...................................................... 30% 35% 29%
TXU Corp. had net tax benefits from dividend deductions related to LESOP
Shares (see Note 11) of $2.7 million and $3.8 million in 2002 and 2001,
respectively, which were credited directly to retained earnings.
A-100
Deferred income taxes provided for significant temporary differences based
on tax laws in effect at December 31, 2003 and 2002, balance sheet dates are as
follows:
December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 2002
---------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Total Current Noncurrent Total Current Noncurrent
----- ------- ---------- ----- ------- ----------
Unamortized investment tax credits....... $ 164 $ - $ 164 $ 173 $ - $ 173
Impairment of assets..................... 183 - 183 182 - 182
Alternative minimum tax.................. 613 - 613 624 - 624
Retail clawback liability................ 61 - 61 65 - 65
Employee benefit liabilities............. 265 6 259 244 5 239
Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards... 1,516 15 1,501 1,630 14 1,616
NOL valuation allowance.................. (1,283) - (1,283) (1,569) - (1,569)
Nuclear asset retirement obligation...... 150 - 150 - - -
Excess mitigation credit................. - - - 60 - 60
Foreign tax loss carryforwards........... 163 - 163 136 - 136
State income taxes....................... 7 - 7 4 - 4
Other.................................... 299 104 195 352 88 264
------ ----- ------ ------ ----- ------
Total.................................. 2,138 125 2,013 1,901 107 1,794
------ ----- ------ ------ ----- ------
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Depreciation differences and capitalized
construction costs..................... 4,544 - 4,544 4,172 - 4,172
Deductions related to TXU Europe......... 409 - 409 275 - 275
Regulatory assets........................ 616 - 616 615 - 615
State income taxes....................... 42 - 42 12 - 12
Other.................................... 399 58 341 344 17 327
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total.................................. 6,010 58 5,952 5,418 17 5,401
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Net Deferred Tax (Asset) Liability....... $3,872 $ (67) $3,939 $3,517 $ (90) $3,607
====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
December 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 2002
------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Net Net Net Net Net Net
Current Current Noncurrent Current Current Noncurrent
Asset Liability Liability Asset Liability Liability
----- --------- --------- ----- --------- ---------
Summary of Deferred Income Taxes
US Federal............................ $ 94 $ - $3,724 $ 87 $- $ 3,474
State................................. - - 35 - - 8
Australia............................. - 27 180 3 - 125
---- ---- ------ ---- --- -------
Total........................... $ 94 $ 27 $3,939 $ 90 $ - $3,607
==== ==== ====== ==== === ======
At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had $613 million of alternative minimum
tax credit carryforwards (AMT) available to offset future tax payments. The
alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards have no expiration date. At
December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. has net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards for U.S.
federal income tax purposes of $4.4 billion that expire as follows: $7 million
in 2008, $11 million in 2009, $57 million in 2010, $129 million in 2011, $32
million in 2012, $3.9 billion in 2022 and $293 million in 2023. The NOL
carryforwards can be used to offset future taxable income to TXU Corp. TXU Corp.
fully expects to utilize all of its NOL carryforwards prior to their expiration
date. TXU Corp. did not utilize any NOL carryforwards in 2003. An NOL valuation
allowance of $1.6 billion was established in 2002 for the deduction related to
the worthlessness of TXU Corp.'s investment in TXU Europe. (See Note 3 for
additional information). In 2003, the NOL valuation allowance was adjusted
downward to $1.3 billion as a result of the filing of the 2002 federal income
tax return. At December 31, 2003, TXU Australia had $545 million of tax loss
carryforwards that can be used to offset future taxable income in their
respective jurisdictions. These tax loss carryforwards do not have expiration
dates.
A-101
The tax effects of the components included in accumulated other
comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2003, was a net benefit of
$57 million.
TXU Corp.'s income tax returns are subject to examination by applicable
tax authorities. The Internal Revenue Service is currently examining the tax
years ended 1993 through 2002. In management's opinion, an adequate provision
has been made for any future taxes that may be owed as a result of any
examination. To the extent that unfavorable adjustments to income tax accounts
of acquired businesses for periods prior to their acquisition are required as a
result of an examination, the adjustment will be charged first to tax reserves
and then to goodwill.
13. RETIREMENT PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
TXU Corp. is the plan sponsor of, and a participating employer in, the TXU
Retirement Plan, which provides benefits to most US employees based on years of
service and average earnings. The TXU Retirement Plan (Retirement Plan), is a
defined benefit pension plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code) and is subject to the provisions of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA). Employees
are eligible to participate in the Retirement Plan upon their completion of one
year of service and the attainment of age 21. All benefits are funded by the
participating employers. The Retirement Plan provides benefits to participants
under one of two formulas: (i) a cash balance formula under which participants
earn monthly contribution credits based on their compensation and a combination
of their age and years of service, plus monthly interest credits, or (ii) a
traditional defined benefit formula based on years of service and the average
earnings of the three years of highest earnings.
All eligible employees hired after January 1, 2002, will participate under
the cash balance formula. Certain employees who, prior to January 1, 2002,
participated under the traditional defined benefit formula, continue their
participation under that formula. Under the cash balance formula, future
increases in earnings will not apply to prior service costs. It is TXU Corp.'s
policy to fund the plans on a current basis to the extent deductible under
existing federal tax regulations. Such contributions, when made, are intended to
provide not only for benefits attributed to service to date, but also those
expected to be earned in the future.
In addition, eligible employees of TXU Corp. may participate in a
qualified savings plan, the Thrift Plan. This plan is a participant-directed
defined contribution profit sharing plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the
Code, and is subject to the provisions of ERISA. The Thrift Plan includes an
employee stock ownership component. Under the terms of the Thrift Plan, as
amended effective in 2002, employees who do not earn more than the IRS threshold
compensation limit used to determine highly compensated employees may
contribute, through pre-tax salary deferrals and/or after-tax payroll
deductions, the maximum amount of their regular salary or wages permitted under
law. Employees who earn more than such threshold may contribute from 1% to 16%
of their regular salary or wages. Employer matching contributions are also made
in an amount equal to 100% of the first 6% of employee contributions for
employees who are covered under the cash balance formula of the Retirement Plan,
and 75% of the first 6% of employee contributions for employees who are covered
under the traditional defined benefit formula of the Retirement Plan. Employer
matching contributions are invested in TXU Corp. common stock. TXU Corp.'s
contributions to the Thrift Plan, including cash and TXU Corp. common stock,
aggregated $29 million for 2003, $30 million for 2002, and $16 million for 2001.
Australia Retirement Plans - TXU Australia sponsors various defined
benefit and defined contribution pension plans covering the majority of its
employees. The assumptions (presented below) related to the Australian defined
benefit plans reflect the local economic environment. The Australia plans' net
periodic pension costs included in the table below totaled $4 million in 2003
and $2 million in both 2002 and 2001. At December 31, 2003, the projected
benefit obligation was $119 million and the fair value of plan assets was $102
million. TXU Australia's contributions to its defined contribution plans were
$1.7 million in 2003 and $1.3 million in both 2002 and 2001. Australia has no
other postretirement benefit plans.
A-102
Minimum Pension Liability -- The minimum pension liability represents the
difference between the excess of the accumulated benefit obligation over the
plans' assets and the liability already recorded. This additional liability is
recorded as a reduction to shareholder's equity, as a component of accumulated
comprehensive income. Based on the actuarial information at year end 2003 and
2002, an adjustment to the minimum pension liability for the TXU Corp. US plans
of approximately $54 million and $83 million, respectively, net of tax, was
recorded. The recording of the liability did not affect TXU Corp.'s financial
covenants in any of its credit agreements.
Changes in Assumed Discount Rate -- During 2003, TXU Corp. revised the
discount rate used to determine the actuarial benefit obligations to reflect
current interest rates. The discount rate of its US plans declined to 6.25% from
6.75%. In selecting the assumed discount rate, TXU Corp. considered fixed income
security yields for a AA rated portfolio as reported by Moody's. The revised
discount rate applies to both the pension and other postretirement benefit
plans. The effect of the change in TXU Australia's discount rate in 2003 was not
material.
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate:
US...................................................................... 6.25% 6.75% 7.50%
Australia ............................................................. 5.50% 5.00% 5.00%
Expected return on pension plan assets:
US...................................................................... 8.50% 8.50% 9.00%
Australia ............................................................. 7.50% 7.50% 7.50%
Rate of compensation increase:
US...................................................................... 3.95% 3.95% 4.30%
Australia ............................................................. 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
Discount rate:
US...................................................................... 6.25% 6.75% 7.50%
Australia ............................................................. 5.50% 5.00% 5.00%
Rate of compensation increase:
US...................................................................... 3.95% 3.95% 4.30%
Australia ............................................................. 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
Defined Benefit Plans --Combined information regarding the US and
Australia defined benefit pension plans, based on December 31 measurement dates,
follows:
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Components of Net Pension Costs:
Service cost............................................................... $ 53 $ 45 $ 40
Interest cost.............................................................. 131 128 121
Expected return on assets.................................................. (148) (162) (159)
Amortization of unrecognized net transition asset.......................... (1) (1) -
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost............................ 5 5 5
Amortization of net (gain) loss............................................ 7 (7) (18)
Recognized settlement loss................................................. 2 - -
----- ----- -----
Net periodic pension cost............................................... $ 49 $ 8 $ (11)
===== ===== =====
A-103
December 31,
--------------------
2003 2002
---- ----
Change in Pension Obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year.......................... $2,019 $ 1,771
Service cost............................................................ 53 45
Interest cost........................................................... 131 128
Participant contributions............................................... 2 2
Plan amendments......................................................... - 6
Actuarial loss.......................................................... 155 148
Benefits paid........................................................... (97) (89)
Currency exchange rate changes.......................................... 29 8
------ -------
Projected benefit obligation at end of year................................ $2,292 $ 2,019
====== =======
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year............................. $2,055 $ 1,794
====== =======
Change in Plan Assets:
Fair value of assets at beginning of year.................................. $1,595 $ 1,800
Actual return on assets................................................. 348 (154)
Employer contributions.................................................. 45 28
Participant contributions............................................... 2 2
Benefits paid........................................................... (93) (87)
Currency exchange rate changes.......................................... 24 6
------ -------
Fair value of assets at end of year........................................ $1,921 $ 1,595
====== =======
Funded Status:
Projected pension benefit obligation....................................... $(2,292) $(2,019)
Fair value of assets....................................................... 1,921 1,595
Unrecognized net transition asset.......................................... (1) (1)
Unrecognized prior service cost............................................ 29 33
Unrecognized net (gain)/loss............................................... 287 338
-------- --------
Accrued pension cost....................................................... $ (56) $ (54)
======== ========
Amounts Recognized in the Balance Sheet Consist of:
Accrued benefit liability.................................................. $(135) $ (208)
Intangible asset........................................................... 29 10
Accumulated other comprehensive loss....................................... 33 94
Accumulated deferred income taxes.......................................... 17 50
------- -------
Net amount recognized................................................... $ (56) $ (54)
======= =======
At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the projected benefit obligations exceeded
the fair value of plan assets for all pension plans.
Information for Pension Plans with an Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess
of Plan Assets -
December 31,
-----------------
2003 2002
---- ----
Projected benefit obligation...................... $(1,093) $(2,019)
Accumulated benefit obligation.................... (993) (1,794)
Fair value of plan assets......................... 819 1,595
A-104
Asset Allocations - The weighted-average asset allocations of US pension
plans at December 31, 2003 and 2002, by asset category are as follows:
Allocation of Plan Assets Target Expected
------------------------- Allocation Long-term
Asset Type 2003 2002 Ranges Returns
- ----------------------------------------- -------- --------- ---------- -----------
US equity............................... 52.3% 50.7% 40%-75% 9.3%
International equity................... 13.1% 11.7% 5%-20% 9.5%
Fixed income............................ 31.2% 36.6% 15%-50% 6.7%
Real estate............................. 3.4% 1.0% 0%-10% 7.5%
----- ----- ----
100.0% 100.0% 8.50%
===== ===== ====
Expected Long-term Rate of Return on Assets Assumption - TXU Corp.
considered both historical returns and future expectations for returns of
various asset classes in its determination of the expected long-term rate of
return assumption. A key expectation is that current interest rates will move
towards an equilibrium interest rate that produces a 6% yield on intermediate
government bonds. Expected returns for other asset classes are based on
incremental returns over such expected government bond yield. The expected
return for each asset class is then weighted based on the target asset
allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return assumption for the
portfolio.
Investment Strategy - The investment objective is to provide a competitive
return on the assets in each plan, while at the same time preserving the value
of those assets. The strategy is to invest a third of the assets in fixed
income and two thirds in equity, while maintaining sufficient cash to pay
benefits and expenses.
The fixed income assets are diversified by sector and security, are
intermediate in duration, and maintain an average quality rating of at least
"A" (as determined by a major ratings agency such as Moody's). The allocation
to fixed income assets also includes an allocation to core, income producing
real estate through private, unlevered real estate investment trusts. The
equity assets are diversified by size, style and location with a conservative
bias toward value securities.
Contributions in 2004 -- Estimated funding in 2004 is $60 million for the
pension plan and $55 million for the other postretirement benefits plan.
Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions -- In addition to the
Retirement Plan and the Thrift Plan, TXU Corp. offers health care and life
insurance benefits to eligible employees and their eligible dependents upon the
retirement of such employees. For employees retiring on or after January 1,
2002, the retiree contributions required for such coverage vary based on a
formula depending on the retiree's age and years of service.
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate....................................................... 6.25% 6.75% 7.50%
Expected return on plan assets...................................... 8.01% 8.26% 8.34%
Components of Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Costs:
Service cost........................................................ $18 $12 $20
Interest cost....................................................... 63 63 52
Expected return on assets........................................... (15) (16) (16)
Amortization of unrecognized net transition obligation.............. 4 8 9
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost..................... 1 6 2
Amortization of net loss............................................ 29 11 1
------ ---- ----
Net postretirement benefit cost................................ $100 $84 $68
==== === ===
A-105
December 31,
----------------
2003 2002
---- ----
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
Discount rate....................................................... 6.25% 6.75%
Change in Postretirement Benefit Obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year............................. $1,156 $ 914
Service cost.................................................... 18 12
Interest cost................................................... 63 63
Participant contributions....................................... 11 8
Plan amendments................................................. (270) --
Actuarial loss.................................................. 88 218
Benefits paid................................................... (64) (59)
------ ------
Benefit obligation at end of year................................... $1,002 $1,156
====== ======
Change in Plan Assets:
Fair value of assets at beginning of year........................... $174 $190
Actual return on assets......................................... 29 (14)
Employer contributions.......................................... 54 47
Participant contributions....................................... 9 7
Benefits paid................................................... (60) (56)
----- ----
Fair value of assets at end of year................................. $ 206 $174
===== ====
Funded Status:
Benefit obligation.................................................. $(1,002) $(1,156)
Fair value of assets................................................ 206 174
Unrecognized transition obligation.................................. 17 81
Unrecognized prior service cost..................................... (166) 45
Unrecognized net loss............................................... 549 505
------- -------
Accrued postretirement benefit cost................................. $ (396) $ (351)
======= =======
The expected increase in costs of future benefits covered by the
postretirement benefit plans is projected using a health care cost trend rate
for pre-65 liabilities of 10% for 2004, decreasing by 1% each year until the
ultimate rate of 5% is reached in 2009. For post-65 liabilities, the rate is 11%
for 2004, decreasing by 1% each year until the ultimate rate of 5% is reached in
2010. A one percentage point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rate
in each future year would increase the accumulated postretirement benefit
obligation at December 31, 2003, by approximately $119 million and other
postretirement benefits cost for 2003 by approximately $12 million. A one
percentage point decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate would
decrease the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2003,
by approximately $98 million and other postretirement benefits cost for 2003 by
approximately $10 million.
The accumulated postretirement benefit obligations and fair value of plan
assets for the postretirement benefit plans other than pensions with benefit
obligations in excess of plan assets were $1.0 billion and $206 million,
respectively, as of December 31, 2003, and $1.2 billion and $174 million,
respectively, as of December 31, 2002. Amounts recognized in the balance sheet
consist of accrued postretirement benefit liabilities of $396 million and $351
million as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
A-106
TXU Corp.'s other postretirement benefit plan weighted average asset
allocations at December 31, 2003 and 2002, by asset category are as follows:
Allocation of Plan Assets
-----------------------------
Asset Type 2003 2002
---------------------------------------
US equity.............................. 57.9% 55.9%
International equity................... 5.5% 5.0%
Fixed income........................... 35.2% 38.7%
Real estate............................ 1.4% 0.4%
------ -----
100.0% 100.0%
====== =====
Expected Long-term
Plan Returns
- ------------------------------- -----------------------
401(h) accounts 8.5%
Life Insurance VEBA 8.5%
Union VEBA 8.5%
Non-Union VEBA 5.5%
Insurance Continuation Reserve 6.0%
-----
8.01%
=====
Investment strategy and the basis used to determine the expected long-term
return on assets for postretirement benefit plans is similar to that discussed
above for the pension plans.
Medicare Act --TXU Corp. elected to immediately reflect the financial
impact of the recently enacted Medicare reform legislation in the accounting for
other postretirement benefit costs, resulting in a $1.9 million reduction in
expense in 2003 and a reduction in the accumulated postretirement benefit
obligation of $142 million in accordance with FSP 106-1. The impact of the
Medicare Act on the 2003 net periodic postretirement benefit cost assumed that
TXU Corp. is eligible for and elects to receive the 28% federal subsidy each
year beginning in 2006. No changes in future rates of participation in the TXU
Corp. prescription drug plan as a result of the Medicare Act were assumed. The
resulting reduction in accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was
recognized on an amortized basis in annual expense as a negative prior service
cost. In addition, the assumed claims costs for Medicare-eligible retiree claims
decreased $539 per person from $3,335 per person to $2,796 per person and for
Medicare-eligible spouse claims costs decreased $441 per person from $2,762 per
person to $2,321 per person (presented in whole dollar amounts rather than
millions). Regulatory guidance on the Medicare Act, such as how to determine
whether the employer's prescription drug coverage is actuarially equivalent to
Medicare Part D, and accounting guidance as to whether the federal subsidy will
be treated as a cash credit that is recognized when received or as an offset to
future liabilities that is recognized as a reduction in the benefit obligation,
have not been issued and future guidance could change the accounting
recognition.
A-107
14. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amounts and related estimated fair values of TXU Corp.'s
significant financial instruments were as follows:
December 31, 2003 December 31, 2002
------------------ ------------------
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Amount Value Amount Value
------ ----- ------ -----
On balance sheet assets (liabilities):
Long-term debt (including current maturities) (a)(c)........... $(12,988) $(14,240) $(11,902) $(11,202)
Long-term debt held by subsidiary trusts....................... (546) (554) (546) (524)
Exchangeable preferred membership interests of subsidiary, net of
discount(b)................................................ (646) (1,580) (639) (750)
Preferred stock of subsidiary subject to mandatory redemption.. - - (21) (15)
LESOP note receivable (see Note 11)............................ 235 280 241 294
Off balance sheet assets (liabilities):
Financial guarantees........................................... (2) (10) -- (33)
-------------------------
(a) Excludes capital leases.
(b) Exchanged for preferred membership interest in 2003. Amount presented
is net of discount.
(c) Includes stock purchase contracts related to equity-linked debt.
In accordance with SFAS 133, financial instruments that are derivatives
are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value.
The fair values of on balance sheet instruments are estimated at the
lesser of either the call price or the market value as determined by quoted
market prices, where available, or, where not available, at the present value of
future cash flows discounted at rates consistent with comparable maturities with
similar credit risk.
The fair values of each financial guarantee is based on the difference
between the credit spread of the entity responsible for the underlying
obligation and a financial counterparty applied, on a net present value basis,
to the notional amount of the guarantee.
The carrying amounts for financial assets classified as current assets and
the carrying amounts for financial liabilities classified as current liabilities
approximate fair value due to the short maturity of such instruments. The fair
values of other financial instruments for which carrying amounts and fair values
have not been presented are not materially different than their related carrying
amounts.
15. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, TXU Corp.
recognized a net unrealized ineffectiveness gain of $6 million ($4 million
after-tax) in 2003 and a net loss of $41 million ($27 million after-tax) in
2002. The ineffectiveness gains and losses in 2003 and 2002 related to commodity
hedges and were reported as a component of revenues. In 2001, TXU Corp.
experienced net hedge ineffectiveness of $4 million ($3 million after-tax),
recorded as $1 million in interest expense and a $5 million ($3 million
after-tax) increase in revenues.
The net effect of unrealized mark-to-market ineffectiveness accounting,
which includes the above amounts as well as the effect of reversing unrealized
gains and losses recorded in previous periods to offset realized gains and
losses in the current period, totaled $36 million in net gains in 2003 and $41
million in net losses in 2002.
A-108
The maximum length of time TXU Corp. hedges its exposure to the
variability of future cash flows for forecasted energy-related transactions is
approximately four years.
In 2002, TXU Corp. entered into certain cash flow hedges related to future
forecasted interest payments. These hedges were terminated later in 2002, and
$133 million ($86 million after-tax) was recorded as a charge to other
comprehensive income. These losses are being amortized to earnings over a period
of up to thirty years, as the forecasted transactions remain probable of
occurring.
Cash flow hedge amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income
will be recognized in earnings as the related forecasted transactions are
settled or are deemed to be no longer probable of occurring. No amounts were
reclassified into earnings in 2003, 2002, or 2001 as a result of the
discontinuance of cash flow hedges because of the probability a hedged
forecasted transaction would not occur.
As of December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. expects that $84 million ($55 million
after-tax) in other comprehensive loss will be recognized in earnings over the
next twelve months. This amount represents the projected value of the hedges
over the next twelve months relative to what would be recorded if the hedge
transactions had not been entered into. The amount expected to be reclassified
is not a forecasted loss incremental to normal operations, but rather it
demonstrates the extent to which volatility in earnings (which would otherwise
exist) is mitigated through the use of cash flow hedges. The following table
summarizes balances currently recognized in accumulated other comprehensive
gain/(loss):
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Gain/(Loss)
at December 31, 2003
----------------------------------
Energy-related All other Total
-------------- --------- ------
Dedesignated hedges (amounts fixed)................. $ (30) $ (95) $ (125)
Hedges subject to market price fluctuations......... (17) 7 (10)
------- ------- -------
Total.......................................... $ (47) $ (88) $ (135)
======= ======= =======
16. TEXAS ELECTRIC INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING
Restructuring Legislation
As a result of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation, on January 1, 2002, TXU
Corp. disaggregated (unbundled) its Texas electric utility business into a power
generation company, a retail electric provider (REP) and a transmission and
distribution (electricity delivery) utility. Unbundled electricity delivery
utilities within ERCOT, such as Oncor, remain regulated by the Commission.
Effective January 1, 2002, REPs affiliated with electricity delivery
utilities are required to charge "price-to-beat" rates established by the
Commission to residential and small business customers located in their
historical service territories. TXU Energy, as a REP affiliated with an
electricity delivery utility, may not charge prices to customers in either of
those classes in the historical service territory that are different from the
price-to-beat rate, adjusted for fuel factor changes, until the earlier of
January 1, 2005 or the date on which 40% of the electricity consumed by
customers in a class is supplied by competing REPs. Thereafter, TXU Energy may
offer rates different from the price-to-beat rate to customers in that class,
but it must also continue to make the price-to-beat rate available for
residential and small business customers until January 1, 2007. Twice a year,
TXU Energy may request that the Commission adjust the fuel factor component of
the price-to-beat rate up or down based on changes in the market price of
natural gas. In March and August of 2003, the Commission approved price-to-beat
rate increases requested by TXU Energy.
In December 2003, the Commission found that TXU Energy had met the 40%
requirement to be allowed to offer alternatives to the price-to-beat rate for
small business customers in the historical service territory.
Also, effective January 1, 2002, power generation companies affiliated
with electricity delivery utilities may charge unregulated prices in connection
with ERCOT wholesale power transactions.
A-109
Regulatory Settlement Plan
On December 31, 2001, US Holdings filed a Settlement Plan with the
Commission. It resolved all major pending issues related to US Holdings'
transition to competition pursuant to the 1999 Restructuring Legislation. The
Settlement Plan does not remove regulatory oversight of Oncor's business nor
does it eliminate TXU Energy's price-to-beat rates and related fuel adjustments.
The Settlement Plan became final and non-appealable in January 2003.
The major elements of the Settlement Plan are:
Excess Mitigation Credit -- Over the two-year period ended December 31,
2003, Oncor implemented a stranded cost excess mitigation credit in the amount
of $389 million (originally estimated to be $350 million), plus $26 million in
interest, applied as a reduction to delivery rates charged to all REPs,
including TXU Energy. The credit was funded by TXU Energy in the form of a note
payable to Oncor.
Regulatory Asset Securitization -- US Holdings received a financing order
authorizing the issuance of securitization bonds in the aggregate principal
amount of up to $1.3 billion to recover regulatory asset stranded costs and
other qualified costs. Accordingly, Oncor Electric Delivery Transition Bond
Company LLC, a bankruptcy remote financing subsidiary of Oncor, issued an
initial $500 million of securitization bonds in 2003, with terms of up to 12
years, (see Note 8) and is expected to issue approximately $790 million in the
first half of 2004. The principal and interest payments of the bonds are
recoverable through a delivery fee surcharge (transition charge) to all REPs,
including TXU Energy.
Retail Clawback Credit -- The Settlement Plan provides that a retail
clawback credit will be implemented unless 40% of the electricity consumed by
residential and small business customers in the historical service territory is
supplied by competing REPs after the first two years of competition. This
threshold was reached for small business customers, as discussed above, but not
for residential customers. The amount of the credit is equal to the number of
residential customers retained by TXU Energy in the historical service territory
as of January 1, 2004, less the number of new customers TXU Energy has added
outside of the historical service territory as of January 1, 2004, multiplied by
$90. The credit, which will be funded by TXU Energy, will be applied to delivery
fees charged by Oncor to REPs, including TXU Energy, over a two-year period
beginning January 1, 2004. In 2002, TXU Energy recorded a charge to cost of
energy sold of $185 million ($120 million after-tax) to accrue an estimated
retail clawback liability. In 2003, TXU Energy reduced the liability to $173
million, with a credit to earnings of $12 million ($8 million after-tax) to
reflect the calculation of the estimated liability applicable only to
residential customers in accordance with the Settlement Plan. As the amount of
the credit will be based on numbers of customers over the related two-year
period, the liability is subject to further adjustments.
Stranded Costs and Fuel Cost Recovery -- TXU Energy's stranded costs, not
including regulatory assets, are fixed at zero. US Holdings will not seek to
recover its unrecovered fuel costs which existed at December 31, 2001. Also, it
will not conduct a final fuel cost reconciliation, which would have covered the
period from July 1998 until the beginning of competition in January 2002.
See Note 4 for a discussion of extraordinary charges recorded in 2002 and
2001 in connection with the Settlement Plan.
17. INVESTMENT IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS BUSINESS
In August 2000, TXU Corp. entered into a transaction whereby it
contributed its then wholly-owned telecommunications business, TXU
Communications Ventures Company (TXU Communications), to a newly-formed holding
company (Pinnacle). In exchange for the business, TXU Corp. received $600
million in cash and a 50% interest in Pinnacle. In connection with the
transaction, Pinnacle issued $810 million of 8.83% senior secured notes due
August 15, 2004. The notes are secured by all of Pinnacle's assets, including
its shares of TXU Communications. The proceeds from the note issuances (net of
transaction costs), combined with $150 million received from the joint venture
partner, an unaffiliated business trust, funded the cash distribution to TXU
Corp. and a $336 million distribution to a consolidated trust. The trust's
A-110
assets, including principal and related interest earned, are used to pay
interest on the senior secured notes and, until May 2003, distributions to the
joint venture partner. The trust's assets consist of TXU Corp. debt securities
with a principal amount of $91 million at December 31, 2003. The debt securities
issued to the trust are reflected in long-term debt (see Note 8). Interest
expense on the note payable totaled $9 million and $15 million for 2003 and
2002, respectively. During 2003, TXU Corp. funded Pinnacle's repurchase of $250
million of the senior secured notes, leaving $560 million outstanding at
December 31, 2003.
As discussed in Note 3, in 2003 TXU Corp. acquired the joint venture
partner's interest and finalized a plan to sell TXU Communications. Based on a
sales agreement entered into in January 2004, the business is expected to be
sold in the first half of 2004 for $527 million.
Pinnacle's results since March 1, 2003 are consolidated and reported in
discontinued operations (see Note 3). Results for 2003 prior to its
consolidation were a loss of $17 million, reported in other deductions in the
statement of income. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, Pinnacle
reported revenues of $215 million and $202 million, respectively, and incurred
net losses of $180 million and $106 million, respectively, due largely to
impairments of goodwill and other long-lived assets in 2002 of $75 million
after-tax, interest expense on the senior secured notes and distributions to the
joint venture partner. TXU Corp. recorded its equity in Pinnacle's losses for
the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, of $104 million and $53 million,
respectively, which is reported in other deductions.
As a result of the impairments of goodwill and long-lived assets recorded
by the joint venture in 2002, TXU Corp. evaluated its potential obligations
related to the partnership arrangement. TXU Corp. determined that it was
probable, in light of the decline in value of the business, that an economic
loss had occurred, and accordingly recorded a charge of $150 million (without
tax benefit) in 2002, reported in other deductions.
At December 31, 2002, TXU Corp.'s investment in Pinnacle was negative $392
million, classified in noncurrent liabilities and other deferred credits in the
balance sheet, which included the effect of the $150 million charge. The $392
million represented TXU Corp.'s potential obligation under the partnership
agreement, including retirement of the $810 million in debt and amounts due the
partner, net of estimated value realizable from the business.
Contingencies Related to Pinnacle - In connection with the Pinnacle debt
transaction, TXU Corp. issued 810,000 shares of Mandatorily Convertible Single
Reset Preference Stock, Series C (Series C Preference Stock) to Pinnacle One
Share Trust, a consolidated trust (Share Trust). The Series C Preference Stock
is convertible into common stock of TXU Corp. in the event of:
a) a default by Pinnacle in connection with its senior secured notes,
b) a decline in the market price of TXU Corp. common stock below
$21.93 per share for ten consecutive trading days (the market
price has declined below this price) coupled with a decline in the
credit rating for TXU Corp.'s unsecured, senior long-term
obligations to or below BB by S&P or Fitch Ratings (Fitch) or Ba2
by Moody's, or
c) Pinnacle's inability to raise sufficient cash to repay its senior
secured notes 120 days prior to maturity (August 2004) through the
sale of its shares of TXU Communications or the sale of assets of
TXU Communications.
TXU Corp. would be required to sell equity, use available liquidity or
otherwise raise proceeds sufficient to repay Pinnacle's senior secured notes. If
TXU Corp. did not have available liquidity or raise sufficient proceeds, the
Share Trust could be required to sell some or all of the Series C Preference
Stock. The dividend rate and conversion price of the Series C Preference Stock
would be reset at the time of sale to generate proceeds sufficient to redeem the
senior secured notes. The market price of TXU common stock at the time of sale
of the Series C Preference Stock would determine the dilutive impact to common
stockholders. TXU Corp. expects that it will have sufficient liquidity, largely
represented by the proceeds from the anticipated sale of TXU Communications, to
satisfy its contingent obligations to repay Pinnacle's debt.
A-111
18. COMMITMENTS AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES
Request from CFTC - In October 2003, TXU Corp. received an informal
request for information from the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
seeking voluntary production of information concerning disclosure of price and
volume information furnished by TXU Portfolio Management Company LP to energy
industry publications. The request seeks information for the period from January
1, 1999 to the present. TXU Corp. has cooperated with the CFTC, and is in the
process of completing its response to such information request. TXU Corp.
believes that TXU Portfolio Management Company LP has not engaged in any
reporting of price or volume information that would in any way justify any
action by the CFTC.
Clean Air Act -- The Federal Clean Air Act, as amended (Clean Air Act)
includes provisions which, among other things, place limits on SO2 and NOx
emissions produced by electricity generation plants. TXU Energy's capital
requirements have not been significantly affected by the requirements of the
Clean Air Act. In addition, all permits required for the air pollution control
provisions of the 1999 Restructuring Legislation have been applied for and TXU
Energy has initiated a construction program to install control equipment to
achieve the required reductions.
TXU Australia Environmental Liabilities - Through past acquisitions, TXU
Australia holds certain properties that are contaminated. Liabilities totaling
$10 million have been recorded for estimated costs of land reclamation and site
restoration at these properties. These costs may change if the extent of
contamination is different than testing indicated at the time of initial limited
reviews. The Australia Environmental Protection Authority has the power to order
TXU Australia to incur such costs to remedy the contamination of land. TXU
Australia also recorded a $7 million liability for land remediation costs for
its Torrens Island plant.
Power Purchase Contracts -- Certain contracts to purchase electricity
provide for capacity payments to ensure availability and provide for adjustments
based on the actual power taken under the contracts. Capacity payments paid
under these contracts for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 were
$230 million, $296 million and $196 million, respectively.
Expected future capacity payments under existing agreements are estimated
as follows:
2004......................................... $238
2005......................................... 162
2006......................................... 117
2007......................................... 18
2008......................................... -
Thereafter................................... -
----
Total capacity payments................ $535
====
Gas Contracts -- TXU Corp. buys gas under various types of long-term and
short-term contracts in the US and Australia and arranges for gas storage and
transportation under various contracts in order to assure reliable supply to,
and to help meet the expected needs of, its generation plants and its wholesale
and retail customers. Some of these contracts require minimum purchases
("take-or-pay") of gas under which the buyer agrees to pay for a minimum
quantity of gas in a year. At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had estimated annual
minimum commitments under long-term gas purchase contracts covering the
periods below:
2004....................................... $502
2005....................................... 319
2006....................................... 351
2007....................................... 270
2008....................................... 244
Thereafter................................. 1,927
-----
Total gas take-or-pay contracts...... $3,613
======
A-112
At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had commitments for pipeline
transportation and storage reservation fees in the US and Australia as shown in
the table below:
2004......................................................... $45
2005......................................................... 34
2006......................................................... 33
2007......................................................... 32
2008......................................................... 29
Thereafter................................................... 316
----
Total pipeline transportation and storage reservation fees.. $489
====
On the basis of TXU Corp.'s current expectations of demand from its
electricity and gas customers in each of these regions as compared with its
capacity and take-or-pay payments, management does not consider it likely that
any material payments will become due for electricity and gas not taken beyond
capacity payments.
Coal Contracts -- TXU Corp. has coal purchase agreements and coal
transportation agreements. Commitments under these contracts for the next five
years and thereafter are as follows:
2004............................................................ $78
2005............................................................ 23
2006............................................................ 18
2007............................................................ -
2008............................................................ -
Thereafter...................................................... -
----
Total .................................................... $119
====
Leases -- TXU Corp. has entered into operating leases covering various
facilities and properties including generation plant facilities, combustion
turbines, transportation equipment, mining equipment, data processing equipment
and office space. Certain of these leases contain renewal and purchase options
and residual value guarantees. Lease costs charged to operating expense totaled
$230 million, $227 million and $183 million for 2003, 2002 and 2001,
respectively.
As of December 31, 2003, future minimum lease payments under both capital
leases and operating leases (with initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms
in excess of one year) were as follows:
Capital Operating
Year Leases Leases
- ---- ------ -------
2004................................................ $ 2 $ 102
2005................................................ 2 99
2006................................................ 3 86
2007................................................ 3 86
2008................................................ 2 81
Thereafter.......................................... 5 505
---- ----
Total future minimum lease payments............ 17 $959
====
Less amounts representing interest.................. 2
---
Present value of future minimum lease payments...... 15
Less current portion................................ 2
----
Long-term capital lease obligation.................. $ 13
====
Guarantees -- TXU Corp. has entered into contracts that contain guarantees
to outside parties that could require performance or payment under certain
conditions. These guarantees have been grouped based on similar characteristics
and are described in detail below.
A-113
Project development guarantees -- In 1990, US Holdings repurchased an
electric co-op's minority ownership interest in the Comanche Peak nuclear
generation plant and assumed the co-op's indebtedness to the US government for
the facilities. US Holdings is making principal and interest payments to the
co-op in an amount sufficient for the co-op to make payments on its
indebtedness. US Holdings guaranteed the co-op's payments, and in the event that
the co-op fails to make its payments on the indebtedness, the US government
would assume the co-op's rights under the agreement, and such payments would
then be owed directly by US Holdings. At December 31, 2003, the balance of the
indebtedness was $136 million with maturities of principal and interest
extending to December 2021. The indebtedness is secured by a lien on the
purchased facilities.
Residual value guarantees in operating leases -- TXU Corp. is the lessee
under various operating leases, entered into prior to January 1, 2003 that
obligate it to guarantee the residual values of the leased facilities. At
December 31, 2003, the aggregate maximum amount of residual values guaranteed
was approximately $286 million with an estimated residual recovery of
approximately $172 million. The average life of the lease portfolio is
approximately six years.
Shared saving guarantees -- As part of the operations of the strategic
retail services business, which TXU Energy intends to sell, TXU Energy has
guaranteed that certain customers will realize specified annual savings
resulting from energy management services it has provided. In aggregate, the
average annual savings have exceeded the annual savings guaranteed. The maximum
potential annual payout is approximately $8 million and the maximum total
potential payout is approximately $56 million. The fair value of guarantees
issued during the year ended December 31, 2003 was $1.8 million with a maximum
potential payout of $42 million. The average remaining life of the portfolio is
approximately nine years. These guarantees will be transferred or eliminated as
part of expected transactions for the sale of strategic retail services
operations.
Letters of credit -- TXU Corp. has entered into various agreements that
require letters of credit for financial assurance purposes. Approximately $403
million of letters of credit were outstanding at December 31, 2003 to support
existing floating rate pollution control revenue bond debt of approximately $395
million. The letters of credit are available to fund the payment of such debt
obligations. These letters of credit have expiration dates in 2008.
TXU Energy has outstanding letters of credit in the amount of $37 million
to support hedging and risk management margin requirements in the normal course
of business. As of December 31, 2003, approximately 82% of the obligations
supported by these letters of credit mature within one year, and substantially
all of the remainder mature in the next six years.
TXU Corp. has an outstanding letter of credit in the amount of $19 million
as support for a subordinated loan to the SEA Gas joint venture pipeline
project in Australia. The obligation expires on January 31, 2005.
TXU Australia has outstanding letters of credit in the amount of
approximately $100 million, of which $86 million is to allow for participation
in the electricity and gas spot markets, $13 million is to provide credit
support for the shipping of gas and $1 million is for miscellaneous credit
support requirements. Although the average life of these guarantees is for
approximately one year, the obligation to provide guarantees is ongoing based
on TXU Australia's continued participation in the electricity and gas spot
markets and its ability to ship gas on the SEA Gas pipeline.
Surety bonds -- TXU Corp. has outstanding surety bonds of approximately
$55 million to support performance under various subsidiary contracts and legal
obligations in the normal course of business. The term of the surety bond
obligations is approximately one year. In addition, a $35 million bond has been
filed with the RRC in connection with the state-wide TXU Gas rate case, which is
pending approval by the RRC.
Other -- US Holdings has entered into contracts with public agencies to
purchase cooling water for use in the generation of electric energy and has
agreed, in effect, to guarantee the principal, $12 million at December 31, 2003,
and interest on bonds issued by the agencies to finance the reservoirs from
which the water is supplied. The bonds mature at various dates through 2011 and
have interest rates ranging from 5.50% to 7%. US Holdings is required to make
periodic payments equal to such principal and interest, including amounts
assumed by a third party and reimbursed to US Holdings. In addition, US Holdings
is obligated to pay certain variable costs of operating and maintaining the
reservoirs. US Holdings has assigned to a municipality all its contract rights
and obligations in connection with $8 million remaining principal amount of
bonds at December 31, 2003, issued for similar purposes, which had previously
been guaranteed by US Holdings. US Holdings is, however, contingently liable in
the event of default by the municipality.
A-114
In 1992, a discontinued engineering and construction business of TXU Gas
completed construction of a plant, the performance of which is warranted by TXU
Gas through 2008. The maximum contingent liability under the guarantee is
approximately $103 million. No claims have been asserted under the guarantee and
none are anticipated.
Income Tax Contingencies -- On its US federal income tax return for
calendar year 2002, TXU Corp. claimed a deduction related to the worthlessness
of TXU Corp.'s investment in TXU Europe, the tax benefit of which is estimated
to be $983 million (assuming the deduction is sustained on audit). While TXU
Corp. believes that its tax reporting for the TXU Europe write-off was proper,
there is a risk that the IRS could challenge TXU Corp.'s position regarding this
deduction. Accordingly, TXU Corp. has not recognized in book income any tax
benefit for the TXU Europe deduction. In the first quarter of 2003, TXU Corp.
received a cash refund of $527 million related to the deduction, which may be
repaid in the future, with interest, should TXU Corp. not prevail in its
position. This issue is currently under examination by the IRS. At this time, it
is uncertain whether the IRS will challenge TXU Corp.'s position. (Also see Note
3.)
Nuclear Insurance -- With regard to liability coverage, the
Price-Anderson Act (Act) provides financial protection for the public in the
event of a significant nuclear power plant incident. The Act sets the statutory
limit of public liability for a single nuclear incident at $10.6 billion
currently and requires nuclear power plant operators to provide financial
protection for this amount. The Act is being considered by the United States
Congress for modification and extension. The terms of a modification, if any,
are not presently known and therefore TXU Corp. is unable, at this time, to
determine any impact it may have on nuclear liability coverage. As required, TXU
Corp. provides this financial protection for a nuclear incident at Comanche Peak
resulting in public bodily injury and property damage through a combination of
private insurance and industry-wide retrospective payment plans. As the first
layer of financial protection, TXU Corp. has $300 million of liability insurance
from American Nuclear Insurers (ANI), which provides such insurance on behalf of
a major stock insurance company pool, Nuclear Energy Liability Insurance
Association. The second layer of financial protection is provided under an
industry-wide retrospective payment program called Secondary Financial
Protection (SFP).
Under the SFP, each operating licensed reactor in the US is subject to an
assessment of up to $100.6 million, subject to increases for inflation every
five years, in the event of a nuclear incident at any nuclear plant in the US.
Assessments are limited to $10 million per operating licensed reactor per year
per incident. All assessments under the SFP are subject to a 3% insurance
premium tax, which is not included in the above amounts.
With respect to nuclear decontamination and property damage insurance, NRC
regulations require that nuclear plant license-holders maintain not less than
$1.1 billion of such insurance and require the proceeds thereof to be used to
place a plant in a safe and stable condition, to decontaminate it pursuant to a
plan submitted to and approved by the NRC before the proceeds can be used for
plant repair or restoration or to provide for premature decommissioning. TXU
Corp. maintains nuclear decontamination and property damage insurance for
Comanche Peak in the amount of $3.4 billion, above which TXU Corp. is
self-insured. The primary layer of coverage of $500 million is provided by
Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (NEIL), a nuclear electric utility industry
mutual insurance company. The remaining coverage includes premature
decommissioning coverage and is provided by NEIL in the amount of $2.25 billion
and $610 million from other insurance markets and foreign nuclear insurance
pools. TXU Corp. is subject to a maximum annual assessment from NEIL of $26.7
million.
A-115
TXU Corp. maintains Extra Expense Insurance through NEIL to cover the
additional costs of obtaining replacement power from another source if one or
both of the units at Comanche Peak are out of service for more than twelve weeks
as a result of covered direct physical damage. The coverage provides for weekly
payments of $3.5 million for the first fifty-two weeks and $2.8 million for the
next 110 weeks for each outage, respectively, after the initial twelve-week
period. The total maximum coverage is $490 million per unit. The coverage
amounts applicable to each unit will be reduced to 80% if both units are out of
service at the same time as a result of the same accident. Under this coverage,
TXU Corp. is subject to a maximum annual assessment of $8.6 million.
There have been some revisions made to the nuclear property and nuclear
liability insurance policies regarding the maximum recoveries available for
multiple terrorism occurrences. Under the NEIL policies, if there were multiple
terrorism losses occurring within a one-year time frame, NEIL would make
available one industry aggregate limit of $3.24 billion plus any amounts it
recovers from other sources up to the limits for each claimant. If terrorism
losses occurred beyond the one-year period, a new set of limits and resources
would apply. Under the ANI liability policy, the liability arising out of
terrorist acts will be subject to one industry aggregate limit of $300 million
which could be reinstated at ANI's option depending on prevailing risk
circumstances and the balance in the Industry Credit Rating Plan reserve fund.
Under the US Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, the US government provides
reinsurance with respect to acts of terrorism in the US for losses caused by an
individual or individuals acting on behalf of foreign parties. In such
circumstances, the NEIL and ANI terrorism aggregates would not apply.
Nuclear Decommissioning -- Through December 31, 2001, decommissioning
costs were recovered from consumers based upon a 1992 site-specific study
through rates placed in effect under TXU Corp.'s January 1993 rate increase
request. Effective January 1, 2002, decommissioning costs are recovered through
a tariff charged to REPs by Oncor based upon a 1997 site-specific study,
adjusted for trust fund assets, as a component of delivery fees effective under
TXU Corp.'s 2001 Unbundled Cost of Service filing. Amounts recovered through
regulated rates are deposited in external trust funds (see Note 5 under
Investments). With the adoption of FAS 143, the liability for the
decommissioning costs was recorded at discounted net present value.
See Note 1 (under Changes in Accounting Standards) for a discussion of the
impact of SFAS 143 on accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs.
Legal Proceedings -- On October 9, 2003, a lawsuit was filed in the
Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, against TXU Corp.,
by purported beneficial owners of approximately 39% of certain TXU Corp.
equity-linked securities issued in October 2001. The common stock purchase
contracts that are a part of these securities require the holders to purchase
TXU Corp. common stock on specified dates in 2004 and 2005 at prices that are
above the current market price of TXU Corp. common stock. The plaintiffs seek a
declaratory judgment that (a) a termination event has occurred under the common
stock purchase contract as a result of the administration of TXU Europe and,
therefore, that plaintiffs are not required to purchase TXU Corp. common stock
pursuant to the contracts and (b) an event of default has occurred under the
indenture for the senior notes that constitute a part of these equity linked
securities. Plaintiffs also seek an injunction requiring TXU Corp. to give
notice that a termination event under the common stock purchase contract has
occurred. TXU Corp. disputes plaintiffs' allegations and believes that
plaintiffs' interpretation of the common stock purchase contract and indenture
is inconsistent with the clear language of these agreements and is contrary to
applicable law. Therefore, TXU Corp. believes the claims are completely without
merit and intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit. On November 13, 2003, TXU
Corp. filed a motion to dismiss the action, and oral argument was held on
January 26, 2004. The court has not yet ruled on the motion, therefore, TXU
Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the outcome of this
action.
On July 7, 2003, a lawsuit was filed by Texas Commercial Energy (TCE) in
the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Corpus
Christi Division, against TXU Energy and certain of its subsidiaries, as well as
various other wholesale market participants doing business in ERCOT, claiming
generally that defendants engaged in market manipulation, in violation of
antitrust and other laws, primarily during the period of extreme weather
conditions in late February 2003. An amended complaint was filed on February 3,
2004 that joined additional, unaffiliated defendants. Three retail electric
A-116
providers have filed motions for leave to intervene in the action alleging
claims substantially identical to TCE's. In addition, approximately 25 purported
former customers of TCE have filed a motion to intervene in the action alleging
claims substantially identical to TCE's, both on their own behalf and on behalf
of a putative class of all former customers of TCE. TXU Corp. believes that it
has not committed any violation of the antitrust laws and the Commission's
investigation of the market conditions in late February 2003 has not resulted in
any findings adverse to TXU Energy. Accordingly, TXU Corp. believes that TCE's
and the intervenors' claims against TXU Energy and its subsidiary companies are
without merit and TXU Energy and its subsidiaries intend to vigorously defend
the lawsuit. TXU Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the
outcome of this action.
On April 28, 2003, a lawsuit was filed by a former employee of TXU
Portfolio Management in the United States District Court for the Northern
District of Texas, Dallas Division, against TXU Corp., TXU Energy and TXU
Portfolio Management. Plaintiff asserts claims under Section 806 of
Sarbanes-Oxley arising from plaintiff's employment termination and claims for
breach of contract relating to payment of certain bonuses. Plaintiff seeks back
pay, payment of bonuses and alternatively, reinstatement or future compensation,
including bonuses. TXU Corp. believes the plaintiff's claims are without merit.
The plaintiff was terminated as the result of a reduction in force, not as a
reaction to any concerns the plaintiff had expressed, and plaintiff was not in a
position with TXU Portfolio Management such that he had knowledge or information
that would qualify the plaintiff to evaluate TXU Corp.'s financial statements or
assess the adequacy of TXU Corp.'s financial disclosures. Thus, TXU Corp. does
not believe that there is any merit to the plaintiff's claims under
Sarbanes-Oxley. Accordingly, TXU Corp., TXU Energy and TXU Portfolio Management
intend to vigorously defend the litigation. While TXU Corp., TXU Energy and TXU
Portfolio Management dispute the plaintiff's claims, TXU Corp. is unable to
predict the outcome of this litigation or the possible loss in the event of an
adverse judgment.
In November 2002 and February and March 2003, three lawsuits were filed in
the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas asserting
claims under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) on behalf of a
putative class of participants in and beneficiaries of various employee benefit
plans of TXU Corp. These ERISA lawsuits have been consolidated, and a
consolidated complaint was filed on February 3, 2004 against TXU Corp., the
directors of TXU Corp., Erle Nye, Peter B. Tinkham, Kirk R. Oliver, Biggs C.
Porter, Diane J. Kubin, Barbara B. Curry and Richard Wistrand. The plaintiffs
seek to represent a class of participants in such employee benefit plans during
the period between April 26, 2001 and July 11, 2002. While TXU Corp. believes
the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit, it is
unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the outcome of this consolidated
action.
On March 10, 2003, a lawsuit was filed by Kimberly P. Killebrew in the
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Lufkin Division,
against TXU Corp. and TXU Portfolio Management, asserting generally that
defendants engaged in manipulation of the wholesale electric market, in
violation of antitrust and other laws. This case has been transferred to the
Beaumont Division of the Eastern District of Texas. This action is brought by an
individual, alleged to be a retail consumer of electricity, on behalf of herself
and as a proposed representative of a putative class of retail purchasers of
electricity that are similarly situated. On September 15, 2003, defendants filed
a motion to dismiss the lawsuit and a motion to transfer the case to the
Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division. TXU Corp. believes that the
plaintiff lacks standing to assert any antitrust claims against TXU Corp. or TXU
Portfolio Management, and that defendants have not violated antitrust laws or
other laws as claimed by the plaintiff. Therefore, TXU Corp. believes that
plaintiff's claims are without merit and plans to vigorously defend the lawsuit.
TXU Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the outcome of this
action.
On October 23, 2002, a derivative lawsuit was filed by a purported
shareholder on behalf of TXU Corp. in the 116th Judicial District Court of
Dallas County, Texas, against TXU Corp., Erle Nye, Michael J. McNally, David W.
Biegler, J.S. Farrington, William M. Griffin, Kerney Laday, Jack E. Little,
Margaret N. Maxey, J.E. Oesterreicher, Charles R. Perry and Herbert H.
Richardson. The plaintiff alleges breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control,
mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and breach of the duties of loyalty
and good faith. The named individual defendants are current or former officers
and/or directors of TXU Corp. No amount of damages has been specified.
Furthermore, plaintiffs in such suit have failed to make a demand upon the
directors as is required by law, and this case is currently stayed. Therefore,
TXU Corp. is unable to estimate any possible loss or predict the outcome of this
action.
A-117
In October, November and December 2002 and January 2003, a number of
lawsuits were filed in, removed to or transferred to the United States District
Court for the Northern District of Texas against TXU Corp., and certain of its
officers. These lawsuits have all been consolidated and lead plaintiffs have
been appointed by the Court. On July 21, 2003, the lead plaintiffs filed an
amended consolidated complaint naming Erle Nye, Michael J. McNally, V.J. Horgan
and Brian N. Dickie and directors Derek C. Bonham, J.S. Farrington, William M.
Griffin, Kerney Laday, Jack E. Little, Margaret N. Maxey, J.E. Oesterreicher,
Herbert H. Richardson and Charles R. Perry, as defendants. The plaintiffs seek
to represent classes of certain purchasers of TXU Corp. common stock and
equity-linked debt securities during a proposed class period from April 26, 2001
to October 11, 2002. No class or classes have been certified. The complaint
alleges violations of the provisions of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated
thereunder, and Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(Securities Act), relating to alleged materially false and misleading
statements, including statements in prospectuses related to the offering by TXU
Corp. of its equity-linked debt securities and common stock in May and June
2002. On September 24, 2003, TXU Corp. and its officer and director defendants
filed a motion to dismiss to plaintiffs' Amended Complaint. The plaintiffs have
filed their response to the motion and the defendants have filed their reply
brief, however, the court has not yet ruled on the motion to dismiss. The named
individual defendants are current or former officers and/or directors of TXU
Corp. While TXU Corp. believes the claims are without merit and intends to
vigorously defend this lawsuit, it is unable to estimate any possible loss or
predict the outcome of this action.
Other Contingencies -- In October 2003, the former directors and officers
of TXU Europe Limited and subsidiaries that are now in administration
(collectively TXU Europe), who include current and former officers of TXU Corp.
and subsidiary companies, received notices from certain creditors and the
administrators of TXU Europe of various claims or potential claims relating to
losses incurred by creditors, including claims for alleged omissions from a
securities offering document and alleged breaches by directors of their English
law duties as directors of these companies in failing to minimize the potential
losses to the creditors of TXU Europe. Under the terms of the indemnification
agreements and bylaw and charter provisions that provide for indemnification of
corporate officers and directors, TXU Corp. or one of its subsidiaries will be
obligated to indemnify these persons from these and similar claims, unless it is
determined that the corporate officer's acts were committed in bad faith, were
the result of active and deliberate dishonesty or that the corporate officer
personally gained a financial profit to which he was not legally entitled.
Similar claims have been asserted directly against TXU Corp., as well. TXU Corp.
believes that these claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend
any such claims if they are ultimately asserted.
Open-Access Transmission -- At the state level, the Texas Public Utility
Regulatory Act, as amended, requires owners or operators of transmission
facilities to provide open access wholesale transmission services to third
parties at rates and terms that are non-discriminatory and comparable to the
rates and terms of the utility's own use of its system. The Commission has
adopted rules implementing the state open access requirements for utilities that
are subject to the Commission's jurisdiction over transmission services, such as
Oncor.
On January 3, 2002, the Supreme Court of Texas issued a mandate affirming
the judgment of the Court of Appeals that held that the pricing provisions of
the Commission's open access wholesale transmission rules, which had mandated
the use of a particular rate setting methodology, were invalid because they
exceeded the statutory authority of the Commission. On January 10, 2002, Reliant
Energy Incorporated and the City Public Service Board of San Antonio each filed
lawsuits in the Travis County, Texas, District Court against the Commission and
each of the entities to whom they had made payments for transmission service
under the invalidated pricing rules for the period January 1, 1997, through
August 31, 1999, seeking declaratory orders that, as a result of the application
of the invalid pricing rules, the defendants owe unspecified amounts. US
Holdings and TXU SESCO Company are named defendants in both suits. Effective as
of October 3, 2003, a global settlement among all parties to these lawsuits was
reached. The settlement was not material to TXU Corp.'s financial position or
results of operation, and requires that these suits be dismissed with prejudice.
General -- In addition to the above, TXU Corp. and its US and Australian
subsidiaries are involved in various other legal and administrative proceedings
in the normal course of business the ultimate resolution of which, in the
opinion of each, should not have a material effect upon their financial
position, results of operations or cash flows.
A-118
19. SEGMENT INFORMATION
TXU Corp.'s operations are aligned into three reportable segments: Energy,
Energy Delivery and Australia. In October 2002, TXU Corp. discontinued its
operations in Europe (see Note 3 to Financial Statements). The segments are
managed separately because they are either strategic business units that offer
different products or services or are geographically differentiated.
Energy - consists of operations of TXU Energy, which are principally in
the competitive Texas market, involving power production (electricity
generation), retail and wholesale energy sales and portfolio management, which
includes hedging and risk management activities.
Energy Delivery - consists of operations of Oncor and TXU Gas, which are
largely regulated, involving the transmission and distribution of electricity
and the purchase, transportation, distribution and sale of natural gas in Texas.
Australia - consists of operations, principally in Victoria and South
Australia, involving the generation of electricity, wholesale sales of energy,
retail energy sales and services in largely competitive markets, portfolio
management and gas storage, as well as regulated electricity and gas
distribution.
Corporate and Other - Remaining non-segment operations consisting
primarily of general corporate expenses, equity earnings or losses of
unconsolidated affiliates and interest on debt at the TXU Corp. level.
The 2001 financial information for the Energy segment and the electricity
delivery operations included in the Energy Delivery segment includes information
derived from the historical financial statements of US Holdings. Reasonable
allocation methodologies were used to disaggregate the financial statements of
US Holdings between its generation and electricity delivery operations.
Allocation of revenues reflected consideration of return on invested capital,
which continues to be regulated for the electricity delivery operations. US
Holdings maintained expense accounts for each of its component operations. Costs
of energy sold, operating costs and depreciation and amortization, as well as
assets, such as property, plant and equipment, materials and supplies and fuel,
were specifically identified by component operation and disaggregated. Various
allocation methodologies were used to disaggregate common expenses, assets and
liabilities between US Holdings' generation and electricity delivery operations.
Further, certain financial information was deemed to be not reasonably allocable
because of the changed nature of TXU Energy's and Oncor's operations subsequent
to the opening of the market to competition, as compared to US Holdings'
previous operations. Such activities and related financial information consisted
primarily of costs related to retail customer support activities, including
billing and related bad debts expense, as well as regulated revenues associated
with these costs. Financial information related to these activities was reported
in electricity delivery results of operations for the 2001 period. Interest and
other financing costs were determined based upon debt allocated. Allocations
reflected in the financial information for 2001 did not necessarily result in
amounts reported in individual line items that are comparable to actual results
in 2002 and 2003. Had the unbundled operations of US Holdings actually existed
as separate entities in a deregulated environment, their results of operations
could have differed materially from those included in the historical financial
statements included herein.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in
the summary of significant accounting policies. TXU Corp. evaluates performance
based on income from continuing operations before extraordinary items and
cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles. TXU Corp. accounts for
intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third
parties, that is, at current market prices.
Certain of the business segments provide services or sell products to one
or more of the other segments. Such sales are made at prices comparable with
those received from nonaffiliated customers for similar products or services. No
customer provided more than 10% of consolidated revenues.
Effective with reporting for 2003, results for the Energy segment exclude
expenses incurred by the US Holdings parent company in order to present the
segment on the same basis as the results of the business are evaluated by
management. Prior year amounts are presented on this revised basis.
A-119
Discontinued Corp.
Energy Operations and
Energy Delivery Australia Europe Other Eliminations Consolidated
------ -------- --------- ------ ----- ------------ -----------
Operating Revenues
2003........................... $7,995 $3,429 $1,103 $-- $15 $(1,534) $11,008
2002........................... 7,691 2,973 860 -- 17 (1,645) 9,896
2001........................... 7,404 3,542 700 -- 20 (1,776) 9,890
Regulated Revenues - Included in
Operating Revenues
2003........................... -- 3,429 112 -- -- -- 3,541
2002........................... -- 2,973 76 -- -- -- 3,049
2001........................... 7,044 3,542 65 -- -- -- 10,651
Affiliated Revenues - Included in
Operating Revenues
2003........................... 24 1,505 -- -- 5 (1,534) --
2002........................... 40 1,605 -- -- - (1,645) --
2001........................... 8 1,767 -- -- 1 (1,776) --
Depreciation and Amortization - Including
Goodwill Amortization
2003........................... 409 372 86 -- 19 -- 886
2002........................... 450 332 67 -- 19 -- 868
2001........................... 409 313 79 -- 23 -- 824
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of
Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
2003.......................... (1) -- -- -- (10) -- (11)
2002.......................... (2) 2 -- -- (105) -- (105)
2001.......................... (4) -- -- -- (49) -- (53)
Interest Income
2003.......................... 8 54 5 -- 72 (95) 44
2002.......................... 10 48 1 -- 90 (118) 31
2001.......................... 38 19 -- -- 86 (61) 82
Interest Expense and Other Charges
2003.......................... 323 346 151 -- 250 (95) 975
2002.......................... 215 331 129 -- 324 (117) 882
2001.......................... 224 347 126 -- 329 (61) 965
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
2003.......................... 229 146 28 -- (89) -- 314
2002.......................... 117 110 19 -- (147) -- 99
2001.......................... 242 125 3 -- (134) -- 236
Income from Continuing Operations
Before Extraordinary Loss and Cumulative
Effect of Changes in Accounting Principles
2003.......................... 493 299 102 -- (157) -- 737
2002.......................... 319 228 74 -- (439) -- 182
2001.......................... 577 225 19 -- (252) -- 569
Investment in Equity Investees
2003.......................... 1 -- 65 -- 1 -- 67
2002.......................... 3 -- 31 -- (391) -- (357)
2001.......................... 7 -- -- -- (130) -- (123)
Total Assets
2003.......................... 14,609 11,602 4,272 -- 3,522 (2,319) 31,686
2002.......................... 15,807 11,329 3,297 -- 4,059 (3,087) 31,405
2001.......................... 18,205 13,729 2,703 14,875 3,040 (9,954) 42,598
Capital Expenditures
2003.......................... 163 658 120 -- 15 -- 956
2002.......................... 285 621 82 -- 15 -- 1,003
2001.......................... 327 825 65 -- 26 -- 1,243
*Assets by segment exclude investments in affiliates.
A-120
20. SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Regulated Versus Unregulated Operations --
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Operating revenues
Regulated........................................................ $ 3,541 $ 3,049 $10,651
Unregulated...................................................... 9,001 8,492 1,015
Intercompany sales eliminations - regulated...................... (1,507) (1,607) (1,771)
Intercompany sales eliminations - unregulated.................... (27) (38) (5)
------- ------- -------
Total operating revenues..................................... 11,008 9,896 9,890
------- ------- -------
Costs and operating expenses
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees - regulated*................ 817 517 3,775
Cost of energy sold and delivery fees - unregulated*.............. 4,130 3,570 359
Operating costs - regulated....................................... 901 842 1,454
Operating costs - unregulated..................................... 764 750 36
Depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill - regulated.... 431 378 722
Depreciation and amortization, other than goodwill - unregulated.. 455 490 59
Selling, general and administrative expenses - regulated.......... 312 319 431
Selling, general and administrative expenses - unregulated........ 796 894 509
Franchise and revenue-based taxes - regulated..................... 316 322 509
Franchise and revenue-based taxes - unregulated................... 140 156 20
Goodwill amortization - regulated................................. - - 10
Goodwill amortization - unregulated............................... - - 33
Other income...................................................... (82) (51) (46)
Other deductions.................................................. 46 577 331
Interest income................................................... (44) (31) (82)
Interest expense and other charges................................ 975 882 965
------- ------- -------
Total costs and expenses.................................... 9,957 9,615 9,085
------- ------- -------
Income from continuing operations before income taxes, extraordinary
loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles..... $ 1,051 $ 281 $ 805
======= ======= =======
*Includes cost of fuel consumed of $1,523 million (unregulated) in 2003,
$1,378 million (unregulated) in 2002 and $1,900 million (largely regulated)
in 2001, respectively. The balance represents energy purchased for resale and
delivery fees.
The operations of the Energy segment are included above as unregulated, as
the Texas market is now open to competition. However, retail pricing to
residential customers in the historical service territory continues to be
subject to certain price controls as discussed in Note 16.
Other Income and Deductions --
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
------- ------- -------
Other income
Net gain on sale of properties and businesses.................... $ 46 $ 35 $ 9
Unrealized foreign exchange gain on Australian dollar
denominated note receivable.................................... 23 - -
Equity portion of allowance for funds used during construction.... 5 3 4
Settlement of legal proceedings related to a gas contract - - 18
Other............................................................. 8 13 15
------- ------- -------
Total other income........................................... $ 82 $ 51 $ 46
======= ======= =======
Other deductions
Loss on sale of properties........................................ $ 3 $ 3 $ 12
Equity losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries...................... 17 105 54
Loss related to telecommunications partnership.................... - 150 -
Loss on retirement of debt........................................ 4 63 149
Regulatory asset write-off........................................ - - 95
Asset impairment-generation construction projects................. - 237 -
Expenses related to impaired construction projects................ 6 7 7
Premium on redemption of preferred stock.......................... 3 - -
Other............................................................. 13 12 14
------- ------- -------
$ 46 $ 577 $ 331
======= ======= =======
Credit Risk -- Credit risk relates to the risk of loss associated with
non-performance by counterparties. TXU Corp. maintains credit risk policies with
regard to its counterparties to minimize overall credit risk. These policies
require an evaluation of a potential counterparty's financial condition, credit
rating, and other quantitative and qualitative credit criteria and specify
authorized risk mitigation tools, including but not limited to use of
standardized agreements that allow for netting of positive and negative
exposures associated with a single counterparty. TXU Corp. has standardized
documented processes for monitoring and managing its credit exposure, including
A-121
methodologies to analyze counterparties' financial strength, measurement of
current and potential future credit exposures and standardized contract language
that provides rights for netting and set-off. Credit enhancements such as
parental guarantees, letters of credit, surety bonds and margin deposits are
also utilized. Additionally, individual counterparties and credit portfolios are
managed to preset limits and stress tested to assess potential credit exposure.
This evaluation results in establishing credit limits or collateral requirements
prior to entering into an agreement with a counterparty that creates credit
exposure to TXU Corp. Additionally, TXU Corp. has established controls to
determine and monitor the appropriateness of these limits on an ongoing basis.
Any prospective material adverse change in the payment history or financial
condition of a counterparty or downgrade of its credit quality will result in
the reassessment of the credit limit with that counterparty. This process can
result in the subsequent reduction of the credit limit or a request for
additional financial assurances.
Gross Credit Exposure -- TXU Corp.'s regional gross exposure to credit
risk as of December 31, 2003, is as follows:
Region Credit Exposure
------ ---------------
US............................ $2,274
Australia..................... 539
------
Consolidated.................. $2,813
======
TXU Corp.'s gross exposure to credit risk represents trade accounts
receivable (net of allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable of $60
million), as well as commodity contract assets and other derivative assets that
arise primarily from hedging activities. Credit is coordinated between regions
to reduce exposure on a consolidated basis, to provide transparency between
regions with respect to economic, regulatory, weather and other conditions, and
to communicate objectives and processes through various risk committees and
forums.
A large share of gross assets subject to credit risk represents accounts
receivable from the retail sale of electricity and gas to residential and small
business customers. The risk of material loss (after consideration of
allowances) from non-performance by these customers is unlikely based upon
historical experience. Allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable are
established for the potential loss from non-payment by these customers based on
historical experience and market or operational conditions. In addition, Oncor
has exposure to credit risk as a result of non-performance by nonaffiliated
REPs.
Most of the remaining trade accounts receivable are with large business
customers and hedging counterparties. These counterparties include major energy
companies, financial institutions, gas and electric utilities, independent power
producers, oil and gas producers and energy trading companies.
The exposure to credit risk from these customers and counterparties,
excluding credit collateral, as of December 31, 2003, is $1.3 billion net of
standardized master netting contracts and agreements that provide the right of
offset of positive and negative credit exposures with individual customers and
counterparties. When considering collateral currently held by TXU Corp. (cash,
letters of credit and other security interests), the net credit exposure is $1.0
billion. Of this amount, approximately 87% of the associated exposure is with
investment grade customers and counterparties, as determined using publicly
available information including major rating agencies' published ratings and TXU
Corp.'s internal credit evaluation process. Those customers and counterparties
without an S&P rating of at least BBB- or similar rating from another major
rating agency are rated using internal credit methodologies and credit scoring
models to estimate an S&P equivalent rating. TXU Corp. routinely monitors and
manages its credit exposure to these customers and counterparties on this basis.
TXU Corp. had no exposure to any one customer or counterparty greater than
10% of the net exposure of $1.0 billion at December 31, 2003. Additionally,
approximately 67% of the credit exposure, net of collateral held, has a maturity
date of two years or less. TXU Corp. does not anticipate any material adverse
effect on its financial position or results of operations as a result of
non-performance by any customer or counterparty.
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Interest Expense and Related Charges --
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Interest....................................................... $ 901 $ 808 $ 835
Interest on long-term debt held by subsidiary trust............ 38 40 101
Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries...................... 9 13 14
Amortization of debt discounts, premiums and issuance cost..... 39 33 36
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction
and capitalized interest.................................... (12) (12) (21)
------ ------ ------
Total interest expense and other related charges......... $ 975 $ 882 $ 965
====== ====== ======
FIN 46 and SFAS 150 have affected the balance sheet presentation of
mandatorily redeemable securities. However, there has been no effect on the
presentation of related interest charges on the income statement as the effect
was not material.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities --
December 31,
-----------------------
2003 2002
---- ----
Regulatory Assets
Generation-related regulatory assets recoverable by securitization bonds.... $1,654 $1,652
Securities reacquisition costs.............................................. 121 124
Recoverable deferred income taxes-- net..................................... 96 76
Other regulatory assets..................................................... 207 217
------ ------
Total regulatory assets................................................. 2,078 2,069
------ ------
Regulatory Liabilities
Liability related to excess mitigation credit............................... - 170
Asset retirement obligations - removal cost................................. 129 118
Investment tax credit and protected excess deferred taxes.................. 89 99
Other ...................................................................... 23 28
------ ------
Total regulatory liabilities............................................ 241 415
------ ------
Net regulatory assets................................................. $1,837 $1,654
====== ======
Included in net regulatory assets are assets of $1.9 billion and $1.8
billion at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, that were not earning a
return. These amounts consist primarily of the assets recoverable through the
issuance of securitization bonds, which will be amortized to expense over the
term of the bonds. (See Note 16). All other regulatory assets have a remaining
recovery period of 13 to 47 years.
Included in other regulatory assets as of December 31, 2003 was $29
million related to nuclear decommissioning liabilities.
Restricted Cash -- At December 31, 2003, TXU Corp. had a $525 million
investment in LOC Trust, accounted for as restricted cash, representing
collateral to support a new $500 million credit facility (see Note 7). The
remaining restricted cash reported in investments on the balance sheet as of
December 31, 2003 included $44 million held as collateral for letters of credit
issued and $13 million principally related to payment of fees associated with
the securitization bonds. At December 31, 2003, the Oncor Electric Delivery
Transition Bond Company LLC had $12 million of restricted cash, representing
collections from customers, that secure its securitization bonds and may be used
only to service its debt and pay its expenses. As of December 31, 2003, all of
the restricted cash of $210 million from the net proceeds of Oncor's issuance of
senior secured notes in December 2002 had been used to pay the interest and
principal of Oncor's first mortgage bonds due March 1 and April 1, 2003.
A-123
Related Party Transactions -- See discussion in Note 5 under "Investments
in Unconsolidated Entities."
Accounts Receivable -- At December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002,
accounts receivable of $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion are stated net of allowance
for uncollectible accounts of $60 million and $82 million, respectively. During
2003, bad debt expense was $133 million, account write-offs were $142 million
and other activity decreased the allowance for uncollectible accounts by $13
million. During 2002, bad debt expense was $168 million, account write-offs were
$123 million and other activity increased the allowance for uncollectible
accounts by $3 million. Allowances related to receivables sold are reported in
current liabilities and totaled $42 million and $20 million at December 31, 2003
and 2002, respectively.
Accounts receivable included $625 million and $644 million of unbilled
revenues at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Commodity Contracts -- At December 31, 2003 and 2002, current and
noncurrent commodity contract assets totaling $1.3 billion and $2.0 billion,
respectively, are stated net of applicable credit (collection) and performance
reserves totaling $18 million and $44 million, respectively. Performance
reserves are provided for direct, incremental costs to settle the contracts.
Inventories by Major Category --
December 31,
2003 2002
---- ----
Materials and supplies........................... $ 269 $ 279
Fuel stock....................................... 108 91
Gas stored underground........................... 222 175
------ ------
Total inventories............................ $ 599 $ 545
====== ======
Inventories reflect a $22 million reduction as a result of the rescission
of EITF 98-10 as discussed in Note 1.
Property, Plant and Equipment --
December 31,
--------------------
2003 2002
---- ----
Energy:
Generation............................................................... $15,900 $15,675
Nuclear fuel (net of accumulated amortization of $934 and $847).......... 131 137
Other assets............................................................. 739 460
Energy Delivery:
Transmission - electricity............................................... 2,349 2,176
Distribution - electricity............................................... 6,676 6,376
Gas distribution and pipeline............................................ 1,883 1,782
Other assets............................................................. 506 483
Corporate and Other.......................................................... 202 182
------- -------
Total.................................................................... 28,386 27,271
Less accumulated depreciation................................................. 10,303 9,503
------- -------
Net of accumulated depreciation.......................................... 18,083 17,768
Construction work in progress................................................. 441 434
----- -------
Net US property, plant and equipment..................................... 18,524 18,202
Australia:
Electric and gas distribution and generation (net of accumulated
depreciation of $597 and $369)....................................... 2,396 1,779
------- -------
Net property, plant and equipment........................................ $20,920 $19,981
======= =======
A-124
As of December 31, 2003, substantially all of Oncor's electric utility
property, plant and equipment (with a net book value of $6.3 billion) is pledged
as collateral on Oncor's first mortgage bonds and senior secured notes.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information --
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------
2003 2002 2001
---- ---- ----
Cash payments (receipts):
Interest (net of amounts capitalized)............................ $ 884 $ 813 $ 971
Income taxes..................................................... $ (597) $ (17) $ 30
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Note receivable from sale of assets.............................. $ - $ - $ 186
Equity purchase contracts........................................ $ - $ - $ (190)
Equity-linked securities surrendered to meet obligations under
related common stock purchase contracts........................ $ - $ 238 $ -
Discount related to exchangeable preferred membership interests
recorded to paid-in-capital..................................... $ - $ 111 $ -
The consolidation of Pinnacle was a noncash activity.
See Note 2 for the effects of adopting SFAS 143, which were noncash in
nature.
See Note 9 for discussion of the exchange of TXU Energy subordinated notes
for preferred membership interests, which was a noncash transaction.
Quarterly Information (unaudited) -- The results of operations by quarter
are summarized below and reflect the discontinuance of the telecommunications,
Mexico and strategic retail service businesses operations
A-125
In the opinion of TXU Corp., all other adjustments (consisting of normal
recurring accruals) necessary for a fair statement of such amounts have been
made. Quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of a full year's
operations because of seasonal and other factors.
Quarter Ended
--------------------------------------------
March 31 June 30 Sept. 30 Dec. 31
-------- ------- -------- -------
2003:
Operating revenues ................................................ $ 2,760 $ 2,617 $ 3,104 $ 2,527
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary loss and
cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles........... $ 115 $ 178 $ 372 $ 72
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect...... $ (12) $ (67) $ 25 $ (43)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles,
net of tax benefit............................................... $ (58) $ - $ - $ -
Net income before preference stock dividends ...................... $ 45 $ 111 $ 397 $ 29
Net income available for common stock ............................. $ 40 $ 105 $ 392 $ 23
Basic per share of common stock:
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect
of changes in accounting principles after provision for
preference dividends........................................ $ .34 $ .54 $ 1.14 $ .20
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect $ (.04) $ (.21) $ .08 $ (.13)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of
tax benefit ................................................ $ (.17) $ - $ - $ -
Net income available for common stock.......................... $ .13 $ .33 $ 1.22 $ .07
Diluted per share of common stock:
Income from continuing operations before cumulative effect of
changes in accounting principles after provision for
preference dividends........................................ $ .34 $ .49 $ 1.01 $ .20
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect $ (.04) $ (.18) $ .06 $ (.13)
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of $
tax benefit ................................................ $ (.17) - $ - $ -
Net income available for common stock.......................... $ .13 $ .31 $ 1.07 $ .07
2002:
Operating revenues .............................................. $ 2,421 $ 2,471 $ 2,887 $ 2,117
Income (loss) from continuing operations before extraordinary
loss and cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles.. $ 261 $ 192 $ 270 $ (541)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect...... $ (6) $ 9 $ (59) $(4,202)
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect.............................. $ - $ - $ - $ (134)
Net income (loss) before preference stock dividends................ $ 255 $ 201 $ 211 $(4,877)
Net income (loss) available for common stock ...................... $ 250 $ 195 $ 206 $(4,883)
Basic per share of common stock:
Income (loss) from continuing operations before extraordinary
loss after provision for preference dividends............... $ .97 $ .70 $ .94 $ (1.84)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect $ (.02) $ .03 $ (.21) $ (14.15)
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect ......................... $ - $ - $ - $ (.45)
Net income (loss) available for common stock................... $ .95 $ .73 $ .73 $ (16.44)
Diluted per share of common stock:
Income (loss) from continuing operations before extraordinary
loss after provision for preference dividends............... $ .96 $ .69 $ .94 $ (1.84)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax effect.. $ (.02) $ .03 $ (.21) $ (14.15)
Extraordinary loss, net of tax effect ......................... $ - $ - $ - $ (.45)
Net income (loss) available for common stock................... $ .94 $ .72 $ .73 $ (16.44)
A-126
Included in fourth quarter 2003 income from discontinued operations were
impairment and other exit charges totaling $30 million ($20 million after-tax).
Included in fourth quarter 2002 results of continuing operations were a $185
million ($120 million after-tax) accrual for regulatory-related retail clawback
$187 million ($174 million after-tax) in impairment charges related to the
telecommunications investments, and a $237 million ($154 million after-tax)
writedown of an investment in generation plant construction projects. (See Notes
3 and 16.)
Reconciliation of Previously Reported Quarterly Information -- The
following table presents the changes to previously reported quarterly amounts to
reflect discontinued operations (see Note 3). Net income was not affected by
these changes.
Quarter Ended
---------------------------------------------
March 31 June 30 Sept. 30 Dec. 31
-------- ------- -------- -------
Increase (Decrease) from Previously Reported
2003:
Revenues - from discontinued operations .................. $ (55) $ (55) $ (32) $ -
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
extraordinary loss and
cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles.. $ 9 $ 1 $ (1) $ -
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
effect ................................................... $ (9) $ (1) $ 1 $ -
2002:
Revenues - from discontinued operations................... $ (32) $ (34) $ (31) $ (41)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
extraordinary loss and cumulative effect of changes in
accounting principles................................... $ 4 $ 14 $ 15 $ 15
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax effect ..... $ (4) $ (14) $ (15) $ (15)
A-127
TXU CORP. Exhibits to 2003 Form 10-K
APPENDIX B
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
-------- --------- -------
(2) Plans of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement, Liquidation or Succession.
2(a) 1-12833 2 -- Master Separation Agreement by and among Oncor, TXU
Form 8-K Generation Holdings Company LLC, TXU Merger Energy
(filed January 16, Trading Company LP, TXU SESCO Company, TXU
2002) SESCO Energy Services Company, TXU Energy Retail Company LP
and TXU US Holdings, dated as of December 14, 2001.
3(i) Articles of Incorporation.
3(a) 333-37652 4(a) -- Restated Articles of Incorporation, dated May 25, 1999, as
Form S-3 (filed May amended on June 14, 1999, and May 15, 2000.
23, 2000)
3(b) 1-12833 1 -- Rights Agreement, dated as of February 19, 1999, between the
Form 8-A Company and The Bank of New York, which includes as Exhibit
(filed February 26, A thereto the form of Statement of Resolution Establishing
1999) the Series A Preference Stock, Exhibit B thereto the form of
a Right Certificate and
Exhibit C thereto the
Summary of Rights to
Purchase Series A
Preference Stock.
3(c) 1-12833 3(b) -- Statement of Resolution establishing Flexible Money Market
Form 10-Q Cumulative Preference Stock, Series B of TXU Corp. dated as
(Quarter ended of June 16, 2000.
June 30, 2000)
(filed August 10,
2000)
3(d) 333-49434 4(d) -- Statement of Resolution establishing Mandatorily Convertible
Form S-3 (filed Single Reset Preference Stock, Series C of TXU Corp. dated
November 7, 2000) August 11, 2000.
3(ii) By-laws.
3(e) -- Restated Bylaws dated November 21, 2003. (4) Instruments
4 Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders, Including Indentures.**
TXU Corp.
4(a) 333-45999 4(b) -- Indenture, dated October 1, 1997, relating to TXU Corp.'s
Form S-4 (filed 6.375% Series B Senior Notes and 6.375% Series B Exchange
February 10, 1998) Notes (together, Series B Notes).
4(b) 333-45999 4(f) -- Officer's Certificate dated October 10, 1997 establishing
Form S-4 (filed TXU Corp.'s Series B Notes.
February 10, 1998)
4(c) 0-12833 4(ff) -- Indenture, dated January 1, 1998, relating to TXU Corp.'s
Form 10-K (1997) 6.375% Series C Senior Notes and 6.375% Series C Exchange
(filed March 27, Notes (together, Series C Notes).
1998)
4(d) 0-12833 4(hh) -- Officers' Certificate establishing TXU Corp.'s Series C
Form 10-K (1997) Notes.
(filed March 27,
1998)
B-1
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
-------- --------- -------
4(e) 1-12833 4(g) -- Indenture (For Unsecured Debt Securities Series D
Form 8-K and Series E), dated as of July 1, 1998, between TXU
(filed August 31, Corp. and The Bank of New York.
1998)
4(f) 1-12833 4(h) -- Officers' Certificate, dated July 22, 1998 establishing the
Form 8-K terms of TXU Corp.'s 6.37% Series D Senior Notes and 6.50%
(filed August 31, Series E Senior Notes.
1998)
4(g) 1-12833 4(a) -- Indenture (For Unsecured Subordinated Debt Securities
Form 8-K (filed Relating to Trust Securities), dated as of December 1, 1998,
January 19, 1999) between TXU Corp. and The Bank of New York, as Trustee.
4(h) 1-12833 4(b) -- Officer's Certificate, dated as of December 30, 1998,
Form 8-K establishing the terms of TXU Corp.'s 71/4% Junior
(filed January 19, Subordinated Debentures, Series A issued in connection with
1999) the preferred securities of TXU Capital I.
4(i) 1-12833 4(c) -- Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated as of December
Form 8-K 30, 1998, between TXU Corp., as Depositor, and The Bank of
(filed January 19, New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware), and the
1999) Administrative Trustees thereunder.
4(j) 1-12833 4(d) -- Guarantee Agreement with respect to TXU Capital I, dated as
Form 8-K of December 30, 1998, between TXU Corp., as Guarantor, and
(filed January 19, The Bank of New York, as Trustee.
1999)
4(k) 1-12833 4(e) -- Agreement as to Expenses and Liabilities, dated as of
Form 8-K (filed December 30, 1998, between TXU Corp. and TXU Capital I.
January 19, 1999)
4(l) 1-12833 4(iii) -- Officer's Certificate dated as of December 13, 1999
Form 10-K establishing the terms of TXU Corp.'s 8.70% Junior
(1999) (filed March Subordinated Debentures, Series B, issued in connection with
20, 2000) the preferred securities of TXU Capital II.
4(m) 1-12833 4(jjj) -- Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated as of December
Form 10-K 13, 1999, between TXU Corp., as Depositor, and The Bank of
(1999) (filed March New York, The Bank of New York (Delaware), and the
20, 2000) Administrative Trustees thereunder.
4(n) 1-12833 4(kkk) -- Guarantee Agreement with respect to TXU Capital II, dated as
Form 10-K of December 13, 1999, between TXU Corp., as Guarantor, and
(1999) (filed March The Bank of New York, as Trustee.
20, 2000)
4(o) 1-12833 4(lll) -- Agreement as to Expenses and Liabilities, dated as of
Form 10-K December 13, 1999, between TXU Corp. and TXU Capital II.
(1999) (filed March
20, 2000)
4(p) 1-12833 4(b) -- Indenture (For Unsecured Debt Securities Series J), dated as
Form 10-Q (Quarter of June 1, 2001 between TXU Corp. and The Bank of New York,
ended June 30, 2001) as Trustee.
(filed August 10,
2001)
B-2
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
-------- --------- -------
4(q) 1-12833 4(c) -- Officer's Certificate dated June 15, 2001 establishing the
Form 10-Q (Quarter terms of TXU Corp.'s 6.375% Series J Senior Notes due June
ended June 30, 2001) 15, 2006.
(filed August 10,
2001)
4(r) 1-12833 4(b) -- Indenture (For Unsecured Debt Securities Series K and L),
Form 10-Q (Quarter dated as of October 1, 2001, between TXU Corp. and The Bank
ended September 30, of New York.
2001) (filed
November 13, 2001)
4(s) 1-12833 4(c) -- Officer's Certificate, dated October 16, 2001, establishing
Form 10-Q (Quarter the terms of TXU Corp.'s Series K Senior Notes and Series L
ended September 30, Senior Notes.
2001) (filed
November 13, 2001)
4(t) 1-12833 4(d) -- Purchase Contract Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2001,
Form 10-Q (Quarter between TXU Corp. and The Bank of New York with respect to
ended September 30, TXU's issuance of Equity Units.
2001) (filed
November 13, 2001)
4(u) 1-12833 4(e) -- Pledge Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2001, among TXU
Form 10-Q (Quarter Corp., The Chase Manhattan Bank and The Bank of New York
ended September 30, with respect to the Equity Units.
2001) (filed
November 13, 2001)
4(v) 1-12833 4(a) -- Indenture (For Unsecured Debt Securities Series M), dated as
Form 10-Q of June 1, 2002, between TXU Corp. and The Bank of New York.
(Quarter ended June
30, 2002) (filed
August 14, 2002)
4(w) 1-12833 4(b) -- Officers' Certificate, dated June 5, 2002, establishing the
Form 10-Q terms of TXU Corp.'s Series M Senior Notes.
(Quarter ended June
30, 2002) (filed
August 14, 2002)
4(x) 1-12833 4(c) -- Purchase Contract Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2002,
Form 10-Q between TXU Corp. and The Bank of New York, as Purchase
(Quarter ended June Contract Agent and Trustee with respect to TXU Corp.'s
30, 2002) (filed issuance of Equity Units.
August 14, 2002)
4(y) 1-12833 4(d) -- Pledge Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2002, among TXU Corp.,
Form 10-Q JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Collateral Agent, Custodial Agent
(Quarter ended June and Securities Intermediary and The Bank of New York as
30, 2002) (filed Purchase Contract Agent with respect to Equity Units.
August 14, 2002)
4(z) 1-12833 10(a) -- Exchange Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2002, among TXU
Form 8-K (filed Corp., TXU Energy and UXT Holdings LLC and UXT Intermediary
November 26, 2002) LLC.
4(aa) 1-12833 10(b) -- Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 22,
Form 8-K (filed 2002, among TXU Corp. and UXT Holdings LLC and UXT
November 26, 2002) Intermediary LLC.
B-3
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
-------- --------- -------
4(bb) 1-12833 4(uu) -- Amendment No. 1 to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as
Form 10-K (2002) of December 19, 2002, among TXU Corp. and UXT Holdings LLC
(filed March 12, and UXT Intermediary LLC.
2003)
4(cc) 1-12833 4(b) -- Amendment No. 2 to Registration Rights Agreement, dated as
Form 10-Q (Quarter of July 1, 2003, among TXU Corp. and the entities listed on
Ended June 30, 2003) Schedule A thereto (including UXT Holdings LLC and UXT
(filed August 13, Intermediary LLC).
2003)
4(dd) 333-110125 4(g) -- Indenture (For Unsecured Debt Securities Series N), dated as
Form S-3 (filed of July 1, 2003, between TXU Corp. and The Bank of New York,
October 31, 2003) as trustee.
4(ee) 333-110125 4(h) -- Officer's Certificate, dated July 15, 2003 establishing the
Form S-3 (filed Floating Rate Convertible Senior Notes due 2033" (the
October 31, 2003) "Series N Notes").
4(ff) 333-110125 4(i) -- Form of Floating Rate Convertible Senior Notes due 2033
Form S-3 (filed (incorporated as Exhibit A to Officer's Certificate, dated
October 31, 2003) July 15, 2003, contained in Exhibit 4(aa).
4(gg) 333-110125 4(f) -- Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 9, 2003,
Form S-3 (filed among TXU Corp. and Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, as
October 31, 2003) representatives of the several other initial purchasers
named therein.
Oncor Electric Delivery Company
4(hh) 2-90185 4(a) -- Mortgage and Deed of Trust, dated as of December 1, 1983,
Form S-3 (filed between Oncor and The Bank of New York, as Trustee.
March 27, 1984)
4(ii)(1)
-- Supplemental Indentures to Mortgage and Deed of Trust:
Number Dated as of
------ -----------
2-90185 4(b) First April 1, 1984
Form S-3 (filed
March 27, 1984)
33-24089 4(a)-1 Fifteenth July 1, 1987
Form S-3 (filed
August 30, 1988)
33-30141 4(a)-3 Twenty-second January 1, 1989
Form S-3 (filed July
26, 1989)
33-35614 4(a)-3 Twenty-fifth December 1, 1989
Form S-3 (filed June
27, 1990)
33-39493 4(a)-2 Twenty-eighth October 1, 1990
Form S-3 (filed
March 19, 1991)
33-49710 4(a)-1 Thirty-fourth April 1, 1992
Form S-3 (filed July
17, 1992)
B-4
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
-------- --------- -------
33-57576 4(a)-3 Fortieth November 1, 1992
Form S-3 (filed
January 29, 1993)
33-60528 4(a)-1 Forty-second March 1, 1993
Form S-3 (filed
April 2, 1993)
33-64692 4(a)-2 Forty-fourth April 1, 1993
Form S-3 (filed June
18, 1993)
33-68100 4(a)-1 Forty-sixth July 1, 1993
Form S-3 (Amendment
No. 1) (filed
September 2, 1994)
33-68100 4(a)-3 Forty-seventh October 1, 1993
Form S-3 (Amendment
No. 1) (filed
September 2, 1994)
1-12833 4(2)(1) Sixty-third January 1, 2002
Form 10-K
(2001) (filed March
14, 2002)
1-12833 4 Sixty-fourth May 1, 2002
Form 10-Q
(Quarter ended March
31, 2002) (filed May
15, 2002)
333-100240 4(f)(2) Sixty-fifth December 1, 2002
Form S-4 (filed
January 6, 2003)
4(jj) 333-100240 4(a) -- Indenture and Deed of Trust, dated as of May 1, 2002,
Form S-4 between Oncor and The Bank of New York, as Trustee.
(filed October 2,
2002)
4(kk) 333-100240 4(c) -- Form of Oncor Electric Delivery Company 6.375% Exchange
Form S-4 Senior Secured Notes due 2012.
(filed October 2,
2002)
4(ll) 333-100240 4(d) -- Form of Oncor Electric Delivery Company 7% Exchange Senior
Form S-4 Secured Notes due 2032.
(Filed October 2,
2002)
4(mm) 333-106894 4(d) -- Form of Oncor Electric Delivery Company 6.375% Exchange
Form S-4 Senior Secured Notes due 2015.
(filed July 9, 2003)
4(nn) 333-106894 4(e) -- Form of Oncor Electric Delivery Company 7.250% Exchange
Form S-4 Senior Secured Notes due 2033.
(filed July 9, 2003)
(10) Material Contracts.
B-5
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
-------- --------- -------
Management Contracts.***
10(a) 1-12833 10(l) -- Employment Agreement, dated July 1, 2000 between TXU Corp.
Form 10-K and Michael J. McNally.
(2000)(filed on
March 9, 2001)
10(b) 1-12833 10(l) -- Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated May 11, 2001
Form 10-K between TXU Corp. and Michael J. McNally.
(2001) (filed March
14, 2002)
10(c) -- Amendment to Employment Agreement dated February 28, 2003,
between TXU Corp. and Michael J. McNally.
10(d) 1-12833 10(i) -- Employment Agreement, dated December 3, 2002 between TXU
Form 10-K Corp. and Brian N. Dickie. (Expired on August 31, 2003).
(2002) (filed on
March 12, 2003)
10(e) 1-12833 10(j) -- Employment Agreement, dated June 1, 2002 between TXU Corp.
Form 10-K and Erle Nye.
(2002) (filed on
March 12, 2003)
10(f) 1-12833 10(m) -- Employment Agreement, dated March 13, 2002 between TXU Corp.
Form 10-K and Eric H. Peterson.
(2002) (filed on
March 12, 2003)
10(g) 333-108876 10(m) -- Employment Agreement, dated July 1, 2000 by and between TXU
Form S-4 (filed Corp. and W.M. Taylor, as amended on February 28, 2001, and
September 17, 2003) again on May 11, 2001 and again on February 28, 2003.
10(h) -- Employment Agreement, dated February 28, 2003, by and between TXU
Business Services Company and H. Dan Farell.
10(i) -- Employment Agreement dated July 1, 2000, by and between Tom
Baker and TXU Corp., as amended on May 11, 2001, and again
on February 28, 2003.
10(j) -- Employment Agreement, dated February 23, 2004, between TXU
Corp. and C. John Wilder.
Employee Benefit Plans.***
10(k) 1-12833 10(a) -- TXU Deferred and Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and
Form 10-K restated, effective August 17, 2001.
(2001) (filed March
14, 2002)
10(l) 1-12833 10(b) -- TXU Salary Deferral Program, as amended and restated,
Form 10-K effective August 17, 2001.
(2001) (filed March
14, 2002)
10(m) 1-12833 10(c) -- TXU Second Supplemental Retirement Plan, as amended and
Form 10-K restated, effective August 17, 2001.
(2001) (filed March
14, 2002)
B-6
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
-------- --------- -------
10(n) 1-12833 10(b) -- TXU Deferred Compensation Plan for Outside Directors, as
Form 10-Q amended and restated effective July 1, 2002.
(Quarter ended March
31, 2003) (filed May
15, 2003)
10(o) 1-12833 10(e) -- TXU Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and
Form 10-K restated effective May 10, 2002.
(2002) (filed March
12, 2003)
10(p) 1-12833 10(f) -- TXU Annual Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective
Form 10-K as of August 17, 2001.
(2001) (filed March
14, 2002)
10(q) -- TXU Split Dollar Life Insurance Program, as amended and
restated effective as of December 31, 2003.
10(r) -- TXU Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of
Subsidiaries, as amended and restated effective August 17,
2001.
10(s) 1-12833 10(a) -- TXU Australia Services Pty Ltd, Employee Share Plan Rules,
Form 10-Q (Quarter established December 21, 2001.
ended March 31,
2003) (filed May 15,
2003)
10(t) 1-3183 (ENSERCH 10.12 -- ENSERCH Corporation (now TXU Gas Company) 1991 Stock
Corporation) Incentive Plan
Form 10-K (1990)
Credit Agreements.
10(u) 1-12833 10(c) -- Three-year Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of May 1,
Form 10-Q 2002, among TXU Corp., Citibank, N.A., as Administrative
(Quarter ended March Agent, and the financial institutions named therein (Expired
31, 2002) (filed on April 22, 2003).
May 15, 2002)
10(v) 1-12833 10 -- Amendment, dated as of October 13, 2002, to the Three-year
Form 8-K Revolving Credit Agreement (Expired April 22, 2003).
(filed October 17,
2002)
10(w) 1-12833 10(a) -- $500,000,000 Credit Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2003,
Form 10-Q (Quarter among TXU Corp. and LOC 2003 Trust (TXU Corp. Agreement).
ended September 30,
2003) (filed
November 12, 2003)
10(x) 1-12833 10(b) -- Letter Amendment, dated September 19, 2003 to the TXU Corp.
Form 10-Q (Quarter Credit Agreement dated August 8, 2003.
ended September 30,
2003) (filed
November 12, 2003)
B-7
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
- -------- -------- -------
10(y) 1-12833 10(c) -- $500,000,000 Credit Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2003,
Form 10-Q (Quarter among LOC 2003 Trust, certain banks listed therein and
ended September 30, Credit Suisse First Boston, as Administrative Agent and
2003)(filed Collateral Agent.
November 12, 2003)
10(z) 1-12833 10(c) -- $400,000,000 Three-Year Amended and Restated Revolving
Form 8-K/A Credit Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2003, among TXU US
(filed May 1, 2003) Holdings Company, as Borrower, TXU Corp., as Exiting
Borrower, certain banks listed therein and Citibank, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent.
10(aa) 1-12833 10(d) -- Amendment No. 1, dated as of July 10, 2003 to the
Form 10-Q (Quarter $400,000,000 Three-Year Amended and Restated Revolving
ended September 30, Credit Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2003, among TXU US
2003) (filed Holdings, TXU Corp., certain banks listed therein and
November 12, 2003) Citibank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.
10(bb) 1-12833 10(b) -- 364 Day Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Facility
Form 10-Q Agreement, dated as of April 24, 2002 among TXU Energy,
(Quarter ended March Oncor and US Holdings, Chase Manhattan Bank of Texas,
31, 2002) (filed on National Association, as Administrative Agent, and certain
May 15, 2002) banks listed therein and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as
Competitive Advance Facility Agent. (Expired on April 22,
2003)
10(cc) 1-12833 10(b) -- $1,400,000,000 Five-Year Third Amended and Restated
Form 10-Q Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Facility Agreement,
(Quarter ended dated as of July 31, 2002, among TXU US Holdings Company,
June 30, 2002) JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Administrative Agent and Competitive
(filed on August 14, Advance Facility Agent, J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc., Bank
2002) of America, N.A. and Citibank, N.A.
10(dd) 1-12833 10(d) -- Amendment, dated as of April 22, 2003, to $1,400,000,000
Form 8-K/A Five-Year Third Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and
(filed May 1, 2003) Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated as of July 31,
2002, among TXU US Holdings Company, certain banks listed
therein and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Competitive Advance
Facility Agent, Administrative Agent and Fronting Bank.
10(ee) 1-12833 10(e) -- $450,000,000 Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of April
Form 8-K/A (filed 22, 2003, among Oncor, TXU Energy and certain banks listed
May 1, 2003) therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Administrative Agent.
10(ff) 1-12833 10(e) -- Amendment No. 1, dated August 29, 2003, to the $450,000,000
Form 10-Q (Quarter Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2003,
ended September 30, among TXU Energy, Oncor, certain banks listed therein and JP
2003) (filed Morgan Chase Banks as Administrative Agent and Fronting Bank.
November 12, 2003)
10(gg) 333-100240 10(c) -- $150,000,000 Senior Secured Credit Agreement, dated December
(Pre-Effective 20, 2002, among Oncor and certain banks listed therein, and
Amendment No. 1) Credit Suisse First Boston, as Administrative Agent.
Form S-4 (filed (Expired 364 days after Closing Date)
January 6, 2003)
B-8
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
- -------- -------- -------
10(hh) Amendment and Restatement Deed - Deed of Common Terms dated
February 26, 2004, between TXU Australia Holdings Pty Ltd, the
Partnership, the Obligors, the Senior Creditors, the
Continuing Financiers, the Retiring Financiers, the Continuing Hedge
Counterparties, the New Financiers, the Junior Creditors, TXU Corp, the
General Partners, the Limited Partners, the Retiring Trustee, the
New Trustee, the Retiring Syndicated Facilities Agent, the
New Syndicated Facilities Agent (each as defined in that
deed); Deed of Common Terms (Refinancing) and Deed of Common Terms
(IPO), both attached thereto.
10(ii) Loan Note Subscription Agreement dated February 26, 2004, between TXU
Australia Holdings Pty Ltd, each of the Financiers listed in the
Details to that agreement and Australia and New Zealand Banking
Group Limited as Facility Agent.
10(jj) Loan Note Deed Poll dated February 26, 2004, between TXU
Australia Holdings Pty Ltd, each person who from time to
time is a Financier and the Facility Agent.
10(kk) Working Capital Facilities Agreement dated February 26,
2004, between TXU Australia Holdings Pty Ltd, Australia and
New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Commonwealth Bank of
Australia.
Other Material Contracts.
10(ll) 333-100240 10(c) -- Generation Interconnection Agreement, dated December 14,
Form S-4 2001, between Oncor and TXU Generation Company LP.
(filed October 2,
2002)
10(mm) 333-100240 10(d) -- Generation Interconnection Agreement, dated December 14,
Form S-4 2001, between Oncor and TXU Generation Company LP, for
(filed October 2, itself and as Agent for TXU Big Brown Company LP, TXU
2002) Mountain Creek Company LP, TXU Handley Company LP, TXU
Tradinghouse Company LP and TXU DeCordova Company LP
(Interconnection Agreement).
10(nn) 333-100240 10(e) -- Amendment No. 1 to Interconnection Agreement, dated May 31,
Form S-4 2002.
(filed October 2,
2002)
10(oo) 333-100240 10(f) -- Standard Form Agreement between Oncor and Competitive
Form S-4 Retailer Regarding Terms and Conditions of Delivery of
(filed October 2, Electric Power and Energy.
2002)
10(pp) 1-12833 10(w) -- Stipulation and Joint Application for Approval of Settlement
Form 10-K (2002) as approved by the PUC in Docket Nos. 21527 and 24892.
(filed March 12,
2003)
B-9
Previously Filed*
-----------------
With File As
Exhibits Number Exhibit
- -------- -------- -------
10(qq) -- Lease Agreement dated as of February 14, 2002 between State
Street Bank and Trust Company of Connecticut, National
Association, as owner trustee of ZSF/Dallas Tower Trust, a
Delaware grantor trust, as Lessor and TXU Properties
Company, a Texas corporation, as Lessee (Energy Plaza
Property).
10(rr) -- Guaranty Agreement dated February 14, 2002 by TXU Corp. in
favor of State Street Bank and Trust Company of Connecticut,
National Association, as owner trustee of ZSF/Dallas Tower
Trust, a Delaware grantor trust, as Lessor.
10(ss) -- Additional Guaranty Agreement dated November 19, 2002 by TXU
Energy Company LLC in favor of State Street Bank and Trust
Company of Connecticut, National Association, as owner
trustee of ZSF/Dallas Tower Trust, a Delaware grantor trust,
as Lessor.
(12) Statement Regarding Computation of Ratios.
12 -- Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges, and Ratio
of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preference
Dividends.
(21) Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
21 -- Subsidiaries of TXU Corp.
(23) Consents of Experts and
Counsel.
23(a) -- Consent of Counsel to TXU Corp.
23(b) -- Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Auditors for
TXU Corp.
23(c) -- Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Auditors for
Pinnacle One Partners, L.P.
(31) Rule 13a - 14(a)/15d - 14(a) Certifications.
31(a) -- Certification of C. John Wilder, principal executive officer
of TXU Corp., pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
31(b) -- Certification of H. Dan Farell, principal financial officer
of TXU Corp., pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
(32) Section 1350 Certifications.
32(a) -- Certification of C. John Wilder, principal executive officer
of TXU Corp., pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
32(b) -- Certification of H. Dan Farell, principal financial officer
of TXU Corp., pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
(99) Additional Exhibits.
99(a) 33-55408 99(a) -- Agreement, dated as of January 30, 1990, between TXU US
Holdings and Tex-La Electric Cooperative of Texas, Inc.
B-10
- -----------------------------------
* Incorporated herein by reference.
** Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of
the registrant's subsidiaries included in the financial statements
filed herewith have been omitted because the total amount of securities
authorized thereunder does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of
the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Registrant
hereby agrees, upon request of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
to furnish a copy of any such omitted instrument.
*** Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement required to be
filed as an exhibit to this report pursuant to Item 14(c) of Form 10-K.
B-11
Appendix C
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
Audited financial statements of Pinnacle One Partners, L.P.
Independent Auditors' Report ....................................................... C-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss ....................... C-3
Consolidated Balance Sheets ........................................................ C-4
Consolidated Statements of Partners' Capital (Deficit) ............................. C-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows .............................................. C-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ......................................... C-8
C-1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Partners of
Pinnacle One Partners, L.P.
Irving, Texas
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pinnacle One
Partners, L.P. and subsidiaries ("Pinnacle") as of December 31, 2002 and 2001,
and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss,
partners' capital (deficit), and cash flows for the years ended December 31,
2002 and 2001. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of
Pinnacle's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well
as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Pinnacle One Partners, L.P. and
subsidiaries at December 31, 2002 and 2001, and the results of its operations
and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, effective
January 1, 2002, Pinnacle changed its method of accounting for goodwill and
other intangible assets to conform to Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets".
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 21, 2003 (March 11, 2004 as to note 14)
C-2
PINNACLE ONE PARTNERS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
December 31,
---------------------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Operating revenues............................................ $214,709 $207,451
-------- --------
Operating costs and expenses
Network operating costs.................................. 76,891 95,663
Selling, general and administrative expenses ............ 109,956 89,330
Depreciation and amortization............................ 40,990 50,177
Goodwill impairment charge............................... 18,000 -
Asset impairment and restructuring charges............... 101,390 -
--------- --------
Total operating costs and expenses............ 347,227 235,170
--------- --------
Operating loss................................................ (132,518) (27,719)
Other income (expense):
Interest income.......................................... 12,702 17,722
Interest expense......................................... (79,397) (83,593)
Preferred return to Zenith .............................. (24,000) (24,000)
Amortization of debt discount............................ (5,302) (5,406)
Allowance for funds used during construction............. 179 572
Gain on sale of property and investments................. 558 6,158
Partnership income....................................... 2,332 3,151
Minority interest........................................ 8,048 507
Other income (expense) - net............................. 489 103
--------- ---------
Total other expense............................ (84,391) (84,786)
--------- ---------
Loss before income taxes...................................... (216,909) (112,505)
Income tax (benefit) expense ................................. (38,261) (6,304)
--------- ---------
Net loss ..................................................... (178,648) (106,201)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax-
Minimum pension liability adjustment..................... (6,028) -
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable equity securities... (136) 169
--------- ---------
Comprehensive loss............................................ $(184,812) $(106,032)
========= =========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
C-3
PINNACLE ONE PARTNERS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents....................................... $ 12,427 $ 3,416
Accounts receivable - net of allowance of
$4,817 in 2002 and $2,759 in 2001........................... 18,825 30,374
Short-term investments.......................................... 125 105
Prepaid federal income taxes.................................... 6,615 1,951
Accounts receivable - affiliates................................ 3,995 5,821
Materials and supplies.......................................... 2,379 4,899
Deferred income taxes........................................... 34,145 1,709
Assets held for sale............................................ 8,030 -
Other current assets............................................ 3,116 1,811
-------- ---------
Total current assets...................................... 89,657 50,086
-------- ---------
Noncurrent assets
Investments..................................................... 212,982 292,806
Goodwill........................................................ 317,536 335,536
Unamortized debt expense........................................ 8,837 14,139
Prepaid pension cost............................................ 3,669 7,448
Deferred income tax assets...................................... 15,709 15,672
Other noncurrent assets......................................... 771 -
-------- ---------
Total noncurrent assets................................... 559,504 665,601
-------- ---------
Property, plant & equipment
Plant in service................................................ 326,243 414,364
Plant under construction........................................ 5,249 34,851
-------- ---------
Total property, plant and equipment....................... 331,492 449,215
Less: accumulated depreciation................................. 90,700 85,816
-------- ---------
Total property, plant and equipment - net................. 240,792 363,399
-------- ---------
Total assets....................................................... $889,953 $1,079,086
======== ==========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
C-4
PINNACLE ONE PARTNERS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS' CAPITAL (DEFICIT)
-------------------------------------------
Current liabilities
Accounts payable................................................ $ 14,043 $ 24,914
Accounts payable-affiliates.................................... 352 4,484
Advance billings............................................... 3,438 4,154
Customer deposits............................................... 788 843
Current maturities of long-term debt............................ 2,999 3,041
Accrued expenses................................................ 18,259 11,845
Accrued interest................................................ 39,201 35,821
Liabilities related to assets held for sale..................... 2,661 -
Other current liabilities....................................... - 2,015
--------- ---------
Total current liabilities................................... 81,741 87,117
--------- ---------
Long-term debt..................................................... 973,203 979,804
--------- ---------
Other liabilities & deferred credits
Accrued pension and postretirement benefits..................... 28,072 16,663
Deferred federal income tax..................................... 39,458 41,521
Deferred franchise tax - net.................................... - 3,611
Other deferred credits and liabilities.......................... 5,145 2,178
Regulatory liabilities.......................................... 8,807 9,567
--------- ---------
Total other liabilities & deferred credits.................. 81,482 73,540
--------- ---------
Total liabilities.................................................. 1,136,426 1,140,461
--------- ---------
Minority interest.................................................. 1,224 9,272
--------- ---------
Partners' capital (deficit)
Class A LP.................................................... - 75,768
Class B LP...................................................... (241,606) (147,381)
GP.............................................................. (132) 761
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income................... (5,959) 205
--------- ---------
Total partners' capital (deficit)........................... (247,697) (70,647)
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and partners' capital (deficit) ................. $ 889,953 $1,079,086
========= ==========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
C-5
PINNACLE ONE PARTNERS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PARTNERS' CAPITAL (DEFICIT)
Other Comprehensive Income
------------------------------------------------------
Limited Partners General Partner
---------------- ---------------
Unrealized Unrealized Total
Class A LP Class B LP Pinnacle One Holding Pension Partners' Capital
Zenith Trust TXU Investment GP. Gain (Loss) Loss (Deficit)
------------ -------------- --------- ----------- ---- ---------
Thousands of Dollars
Balance at January 1, 2001.............. $128,603 $(123,391) $1,292 $ 36 $ - $ 6,540
Capital contributions from partners... - 28,845 - - - 28,845
Net loss.............................. (52,835) (52,835) (531) - - (106,201)
Unrealized gain on investments........ - - - 169 - 169
-------- --------- ------ ---- -------- ---------
Balance at December 31, 2001............ 75,768 (147,381) 761 205 - (70,647)
Net loss.............................. (75,768) (101,987) (893) - - (178,648)
Capital contributions................. - 7,762 - - - 7,762
Minimum pension liability adjustment.. - - - - (6,028) (6,028)
Unrealized loss on investments........ - - - (136) - (136)
-------- ---------- ------ ---- ------- ---------
Balance at December 31, 2002............ $ - $(241,606) $ (132) $ 69 $(6,028) $(247,697)
======== ========= ====== ==== ======= =========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
C-6
PINNACLE ONE PARTNERS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Net loss ......................................................... $(178,648) $(106,201)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash (used in) provided by
operating activities:
Deferred income tax........................................ (38,908) (9,368)
Depreciation and amortization.............................. 46,292 55,583
Gain on disposition of property............................ (558) (6,158)
Realized gain on marketable equity securities.............. - -
Provision for postretirement benefit....................... 9,160 838
Long-lived asset impairments............................... 99,321 -
Restructuring charges ..................................... 2,069 -
Goodwill impairment........................................ 18,000 -
Partnership income......................................... (2,332) (3,151)
Allowance for funds used during construction............... (179) (572)
Minority interest in net loss of subsidiary................ (8,048) (507)
Provision for bad debt losses.............................. 10,200 3,981
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable........................................... 3,175 (5,323)
Inventories................................................... 2,520 3,048
Prepaid federal income tax.................................... (4,664) 12,299
Other assets.................................................. (2,075) 2,688
Accounts payable.............................................. (15,003) (14,543)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ....................... 12,637 (1,383)
Other - net .................................................. (232) (2,839)
--------- ---------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities...... (47,273) (71,608)
--------- ---------
Investing activities
Capital expenditures.......................................... (27,374) (66,976)
Cash and business assets purchased............................ - (2,467)
Capital contribution to Fibernet ............................. - -
Proceeds from sale-leaseback transaction ..................... 4,814 -
Proceeds from sale of investments............................. 998 188
Proceeds from securities...................................... 81,199 77,351
Proceeds from sale of assets.................................. 290 9,309
--------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities....... 59,927 17,405
--------- ---------
Financing activities
Capital contributions......................................... 7,762 28,845
Contributions from minority interest members.................. - 2,479
Distributions to partners .................................... - -
Net borrowings (repayments) under credit facility ........... 23,319 40,620
Debt finance and transaction fees ............................ - -
Proceeds from notes .......................................... - -
Repayment of notes............................................ (34,724) (24,619)
--------- ---------
Net cash (used in) provided by financial activities..... (3,643) 47,325
--------- ---------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents.................. 9,011 (6,878)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning............................. 3,416 10,294
--------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents - ending................................ $ 12,427 $ 3,416
========= =========
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid.................................................. $ 79,023 $ 113,445
Taxes paid..................................................... $ (153) $ (1,333)
Noncash capital leases ........................................ $ 4,761 $ -
Noncash - Book value of assets contributed - net .............. $ - $ -
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
C-7
PINNACLE ONE PARTNERS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Pinnacle One Partners, L.P. ("Pinnacle") is a partnership formed in May 2000
(date of inception) that owns 100% of TXU Communications Ventures Company ("TXU
Com"). TXU Corp. ("TXU Corp.") and Zenith Telecom Trust ("Zenith") each own,
directly or indirectly, a 49.75% limited partnership interest in Pinnacle.
Pinnacle One GP, LLC, the general partner, in which both TXU Corp. and Zenith
own a 50% interest, holds a 0.5% general partnership interest in Pinnacle. In
May 2000, TXU Corp. acquired all of the outstanding stock of Fort Bend
Communication Companies, Inc. ("FBCC") for approximately $161 million in cash
and accounted for the acquisition as a purchase business combination.
Subsequently, TXU Corp. contributed the stock of FBCC and each of the
subsidiaries of TXU Communications Company at their carrying value to Pinnacle,
for $600 million in cash and a 50% voting interest in Pinnacle. Zenith
contributed $150 million in cash for the remaining 50% voting interest. The
Pinnacle agreement provides for a preferred return to Zenith through August of
2004. The agreement provides that this preferred return represents a return on
invested capital to be borne by Pinnacle. (See Note 8.)
Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of Pinnacle and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Pinnacle One Overfund
Trust ("Overfund Trust"), TXU Com, TXU Communications Services Company
("Services"), TXU Communications Telephone Company ("Telephone"), TXU
Communications Telecom Services Company ("Telecom"), TXU Communications
Transport Company ("Transport"), Fort Bend Telephone Company ("FB Telephone"),
Fort Bend Long Distance Company ("FBLD"), Fort Bend Wireless Company ("FB
Wireless"), Telcon, Inc. ("Telcon"), and FBCIP, Inc. ("FBCIP"). Transport
includes East Texas Fiber Line, Inc. ("ETFL"), a 63% owned affiliate. Also
included is Fort Bend Cellular, Inc. ("FB Cellular"), a wholly owned subsidiary
of FB Telephone. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation.
Description of Business - TXU Com is the parent company to Services, Telephone,
Telecom, Transport, FB Telephone, FBLD, FB Wireless, Telcon and FBCIP. Pinnacle
has no employees.
Telephone is an incumbent local exchange carrier providing regulated telephone
services to its customers in East Texas. It has 16 exchanges, which serve
approximately 123,000 access lines in Conroe and Lufkin. Telephone also provides
access services to a number of interexchange carriers who provide long distance
services. During 2002, approximately 51% of its revenues were derived from local
and long distance services and other end-user customer charges. During 2002,
approximately 18% of Telephone revenues were derived from access charges to
interexchange carriers. The remaining revenues consist primarily of subsidies,
directory advertising and billing and collections.
FB Telephone is an incumbent local exchange carrier providing regulated
telephone services to its customers in Southeast Texas. FB Telephone has five
exchanges, which serve more than 46,000 access lines in the Houston area. It
also provides access services to a number of interexchange carriers who provide
long distance services. During 2002, approximately 51% of its revenues were
derived from local and long distance services and other end-user customer
charges. During 2002, approximately 19% of FB Telephone revenues were derived
from access charges to interexchange carriers. The remaining revenues consist
primarily of subsidies, directory advertising and billing and collections.
Telecom and FB LD provide competitive local exchange service to more than 26,000
access lines in Texas with a primary focus on business customers. Other services
provided include interexchange long distance service, Internet access, web
hosting service and communication equipment sales and service. Subsequent to
year end 2002, the majority of the assets of these companies were sold (see Note
14 - Subsequent Events).
Transport operates fiber cable systems in Texas, which offer communications
access and transport services to interexchange carriers, wireless telephone
companies, and other major communications customers.
ETFL is a communications transport facility provider, owning and operating
approximately 1,200 miles of fiber optic cable.
C-8
Telcon and Services provide information management, human resources, accounting,
executive, and other administrative services to TXU Com affiliate companies.
FB Cellular, FB Wireless, and FBCIP had no significant activity during the year
ended December 31, 2002 and 2001.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of Pinnacle's consolidated financial
statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts disclosed in the consolidated
financial statements. Due to the prospective nature of estimates, actual results
could differ.
Accounting and Regulatory Guidelines - Telephone and FB Telephone are FCC Class
B companies; however, their account structure currently meets the more detailed
requirements of a Class A company, as prescribed in Part 32-Uniform System of
Accounts for Class A Telephone companies as promulgated by the Federal
Communications Commission ("FCC") with additional guidance and interpretations
from the Public Utility Commission of Texas ("Commission"). This regulated
telephone operation is subject to the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 71, "Accounting for the Effects of Certain
Types of Regulation." SFAS No. 71 establishes GAAP for enterprises whose
regulators have the power to approve and/or regulate the rates that companies
may charge for services or products. SFAS No. 71 also establishes GAAP for a
regulated enterprise, including the establishment of GAAP for the capitalization
of allowable costs. Costs that are not allowable under the regulatory process
are generally expensed as incurred. Telephone and FB Telephone are subject to
regulation by the Commission for intrastate ratemaking purposes, which includes
rates for basic local services, intraLATA toll services and access services for
the origination and termination of in-state long-distance calls. Telephone and
FB Telephone initially filed for Chapter 59 alternative regulation on August 18,
1997 and May 12, 2000, respectively. This differs from traditional rate of
return regulation in that prices are capped for the initial period of election,
which is six years. Both companies have the option to renew this alternative
regulation election every two years after the initial election period has
expired. For interstate services, access charges, and other matters, both
companies are subject to the jurisdiction of the FCC. Telephone and FB Telephone
have both elected to remain under rate base rate of return regulation for
interstate services. To this end, they participate in the Carrier Common Line
("CCL") Pool administered by the National Exchange Carrier Association ("NECA")
and file annual tariffs for traffic-sensitive services. Both companies also
receive various federal and state Universal Service Fund ("USF") monies to
subsidize cost of service.
Property, Plant, Equipment and Depreciation - Property, plant and equipment are
stated at historical cost. Allowance for funds used during construction
("AFUDC") is a regulatory cost accounting procedure whereby amounts based upon
interest charges on borrowed funds and a return on equity capital used to
finance construction are added to telecommunications plant cost. Depreciation is
computed generally on the straight-line method (see Note 2 for the average asset
lives).
Cash Equivalents - Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments
readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are so near maturity,
generally 30 days, that there is no significant risk of changes in value
resulting from changes in market interest rates.
Investments - Investments in equity securities that have readily determinable
fair values are categorized as available-for-sale securities and are carried at
fair value. The unrealized gains or losses on securities classified as
available-for-sale are included as a separate component of partners' capital.
Pinnacle uses the equity method of accounting for investments where the ability
to exercise significant influence over such entities exists. Other investments
that do not have readily determinable fair market values are carried at cost.
Goodwill - Amounts paid for assets of other companies in excess of fair value
are charged to goodwill. Goodwill was amortized over its useful life, normally
15 to 40 years.
SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets", became effective for
Pinnacle on January 1, 2002. SFAS No. 142 requires, among other things, the
allocation of goodwill to reporting units based upon the current fair value of
the reporting units, and the discontinuance of goodwill amortization. The
amortization of Pinnacle's goodwill ($13.6 million in 2001) ceased effective
January 1, 2002.
C-9
In addition, SFAS No. 142 required completion of a transitional goodwill
impairment test within six months from the date of adoption. It established a
new method of testing goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or on an
interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would reduce the
fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. Pinnacle completed the
transitional impairment test in the second quarter of 2002, the results of which
indicated no impairment of goodwill at that time. An impairment resulted from
the additional evaluation performed using a discounted cash flow methodology in
2002 as of October 1, which has been selected as the annual impairment test
date. In the fourth quarter of 2002, TXU Com recorded a goodwill impairment
charge of $18 million.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the period December 31, 2001 to
December 31, 2002 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Balance, December 31, 2001 $ 335,536
Less impairment 18,000
----------
Balance, December 31, 2002 $ 317,536
==========
At December 31, 2002 and 2001, goodwill was stated net of accumulated
amortization of $24.3 million.
The table below reflects what reported net income would have been in the 2001
period, exclusive of goodwill amortization expense recognized for consolidated
entities in that period compared to the 2002 period (in thousands):
2002 2001
---- ----
Reported net loss .............................. $(178,648) $(106,201)
Add back goodwill amortization................. - 13,580
------- ---------
Adjusted net loss............................... $(178,648) $ (92,621)
========= =========
Materials and Supplies - Inventories of materials and supplies are valued at the
lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by a moving weighted average method.
Indefeasible Rights of Use ("IRU") - Both ETFL and Transport have entered into
several agreements that entitle Pinnacle to a long-term lease or an IRU of local
and long-haul dark fiber of another party. Generally each agreement requires
each company to pay an aggregate price consisting of an initial payment,
followed by installments during the construction period based upon achieving
certain milestones (e.g., commencement of construction, conduit installation and
fiber installation). The final payment for each segment will be made at the time
of acceptance.
Additionally, ETFL and Transport have entered into several agreements that
entitle another party to a long-term lease or an IRU of certain local and
long-haul dark fiber of Pinnacle. If the agreement is classified as a service
agreement, revenues are recognized ratably over the life of the lease. If an
exchange of similar fiber has occurred with another transport provider with
similar fiber, no gain or loss is recognized on the like-kind exchange.
Pension and Postretirement Benefits - Pension benefits are provided for
substantially all employees of TXU Com. TXU Com generally funds the pension plan
to the extent that contributions are deductible for federal income tax purposes.
TXU Com also has deferred compensation agreements with the former board of
directors and certain key employees. Postretirement benefits expense is accrued
on a current basis using actuarially determined cost estimates. In addition,
employees may become eligible for certain health care and life insurance
benefits after retirement.
C-10
Federal Income Taxes and Deferred Credits - Pinnacle is a non-taxable entity for
which applicable income taxes are the responsibility of the partners. TXU Com is
subject to both federal and state income taxes. Subsequent to August 11, 2000,
TXU Com and its subsidiaries file a separate consolidated federal income tax
return from TXU Corp. Prior to August 11, 2000, TXU Com and its subsidiaries
were included in the consolidated federal income tax return of TXU Corp. ETFL
files a separate federal income tax return. Federal income tax expense or
benefit is allocated to each subsidiary based on separately determined taxable
income or loss.
Income taxes are provided based on taxable income or loss as reported for
financial statement purposes. The provision for income taxes differs from the
amounts currently payable because of temporary differences in the recognition of
certain income and expense items for financial reporting and tax reporting
purposes. Investment tax credits ("ITC") used to offset income tax for tax
reporting purposes are deferred and amortized over the lives of the related
assets for financial reporting.
Deferred federal income taxes are provided for the temporary differences between
assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such
amounts recognized for tax purposes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities
are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the
years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or
settled. TXU Com would record a valuation allowance related to its deferred
income tax assets when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not
that deferred tax assets would not be realized.
TXU Com has recorded a regulatory liability to recognize the cumulative effects
of anticipated rate making activities. For financial statement purposes,
deferred ITC and excess deferred federal income taxes related to depreciation of
regulated assets are being amortized as a reduction of the provision for income
taxes over the estimated useful or remaining lives of the related property,
plant and equipment.
ETFL had no current or deferred federal income taxes at December 31, 2002 and
2001.
Revenue Recognition - Revenues are generally recognized and earned when evidence
of an arrangement exists, service has been rendered and collectibility is
reasonably assured. Local telephone service revenue is recorded based on
tariffed rates. Telephone network access and long-distance service revenues are
derived from access and toll charges and settlement arrangements. Revenues on
billings to customers for services in advance of providing such services are
deferred and recognized when earned.
Reclassification - Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior year
financial statements to conform to the 2002 presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset
Retirement Obligations," became effective on January 1, 2003. SFAS No. 143
requires entities to record the fair value of a legal liability for an asset
retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When a new
liability is recorded beginning in 2003, the entity will capitalize the net
present value of the liability by increasing the carrying amount of the related
long-lived asset. The liability is accreted each period, and the capitalized
cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Pinnacle does not
believe there will be any material impact on its consolidated financial
statements from the adoption of this standard.
SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,"
became effective on January 1, 2002. SFAS No. 144 addresses financial accounting
and reporting for the impairment of long-lived assets and for long-lived assets
to be disposed of. Pinnacle recognized impairment charges of $90.9 million for
the year ended December 31, 2002 (see Note 13 - Impairment and Restructuring
Charges).
SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal
Activities," was issued in June 2002 and became effective on January 1, 2003.
SFAS No. 146 requires that a liability for costs associated with an exit or
disposal activity be recognized only when the liability is incurred and measured
initially at fair value.
Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation (FIN) No. 45, "Guarantor's
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect
Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others - an Interpretation of FASB Statements No.
5, 57, and 107 and Rescission of FIN No. 34" was issued in November 2002 and
C-11
became effective for disclosures made in December 31, 2002, financial
statements. The interpretation requires expanded disclosures of guarantees. In
addition, the interpretation requires recording the fair value of guarantees
upon issuance or modification after January 1, 2003. While Pinnacle has various
guarantees included in contracts in the normal course of business, primarily in
the form of indemnities, these guarantees do not represent significant
commitments or contingent liabilities related to the indebtedness of others.
FIN No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" was issued in January
2003. FIN No. 46 provides guidance related to identifying variable interest
entities and determining whether such entities should be consolidated. This
guidance will be effective for the quarter ending September 30, 2003.
For accounting standards not yet adopted or implemented, Pinnacle is evaluating
the potential impact on its financial position and results of operations.
2. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment is summarized as follows:
December 31,
---------------------- Estimated
2002 2001 Useful Life
---- ---- -----------
Thousands of Dollars
Land.............................. $ 4,433 $ 4,611
Buildings......................... 24,938 22,372 15-35 years
Telephone plant................... 242,934 333,250 5-30 years
Furniture and office equipment.... 45,420 44,058 5-17 years
Automotive and other equipment ... 8,518 10,073 3-7 years
Construction in progress.......... 5,249 34,851
------------ -------------
331,492 449,215
Less: accumulated depreciation... 90,700 85,816
------------- --------------
$240,792 $363,399
============= ==============
Substantially all of FB Telephone's property, plant and equipment totaling $57.1
million is pledged as security for the long-term debt to CoBank ACB ("CoBank").
Depreciation expense was $40.8 million and $36.5 million for the years ended
December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
C-12
3. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
December 31,
------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Senior secured notes (8.83% interest paid semi-annually, due 2004)...... $810,000 $810,000
TXU Corp. revolving credit facility..................................... 144,066 151,678
CoBank mortgage notes (8.15% interest paid monthly)..................... - 1,250
CoBank mortgage notes (7.27% to 8.75% paid monthly, due 2013)........... 18,071 19,715
GE capital leases ..................................................... 4,009 -
Debentures payable (8.5% due in annual installments of $148)............ 56 202
-------- ---------
Subtotal................................................................ 976,202 982,845
Less current maturities................................................. 2,999 3,041
--------- --------
Total long-term debt.............................................. $973,203 $979,804
======== ========
In August 2000, in connection with its formation, Pinnacle issued $810 million
of 8.83% senior secured notes due August 15, 2004. The notes are secured by all
of Pinnacle's assets, including its shares of TXU Com. Total proceeds (net of
transaction costs), including $150 million received from Zenith, were used by
Pinnacle to make a $600 million cash distribution to TXU Corp., in exchange for
TXU Corp.'s contribution of the stock of its telecommunications subsidiaries to
Pinnacle, and fund the Overfund Trust in the amount of $336 million. The
Overfund Trust used the cash to invest in TXU Corp. debt securities. These trust
assets, including principal and related interest earned, are being used to pay
interest on the senior secured notes and the investment yield amounts to Zenith.
(See Note 8.)
TXU Corp. provides a $200 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") to
TXU Com that expires in 2004. Interest is payable by TXU Com at a rate equal to
the London Interbank Offering Rate ("LIBOR") plus 1.5%, in effect as of the
beginning of each credit facility advance. The interest rate of each advance is
calculated for one-, two-, three-, or six-month periods, as elected by TXU Com,
at the end of which the interest rate is reset to the current LIBOR rate plus
1.5%. The weighted average rate on the December 31, 2002 balance outstanding was
2.92%. Principal is payable at the end of the Revolver's four-year term and may
be prepaid at any time without penalty. At December 31, 2002, $55.9 million was
available for borrowing. TXU Com may borrow under the Revolver only to the
extent its projected cash requirements for any month exceed its projected cash
flows for such month.
Capital contributions to TXU Com came from TXU Investment Company, a subsidiary
of TXU Corp., in the amount of 35% of TXU Com's budgeted capital spending. The
contributions, usually due on the first day of each month, were used to pay down
the Revolver. For the year ended December 31, 2002, TXU Investment Company made
capital contributions to TXU COM in the amount of $7.8 million. In light of TXU
COM's significant capital expenditure reductions from planned amounts, TXU
Investment Company has notified TXU COM that it is re-evaluating the need to
continue these capital contributions.
In October 2002, the 8.15% CoBank mortgage notes were retired. The long-term
debt agreements on the remaining CoBank mortgage notes contain restrictions on
the payment of dividends. The restrictions are related, in general, to FB
Telephone's adjusted net worth and assets as defined in the loan agreements and
the restrictions on investment in affiliates. In addition, the mortgage notes
contain a principal pre-payment penalty. As of December 31, 2002, FB Telephone
was in compliance with the mortgage loan covenants with CoBank.
The GE Capital Lease obligation amount results from the two Master Lease
Agreements with General Electric Capital Corporation ("GE") which are described
below (see Note 7 - Capital Leases).
C-13
Scheduled principal maturities on long-term debt subsequent to December 31, 2002
are as follows:
2003............................................ $ 2,999
2004........................................... 956,281
2005........................................... 2,595
2006........................................... 2,653
2007............................................ 1,817
Thereafter..................................... 9,857
---------
Total.................................... $976,202
========
4. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The income tax (benefit) expense consists of the following:
Year Ended
December 31,
-----------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Current:
U.S. federal......................... $ (3,018) $ (1,951)
State................................ (214) 83
Deferred:..............................
U.S. federal......................... (31,819) (3,611)
State................................ (2,766) (310)
Amortization of investment tax credit.. (231) (301)
Amortization of excess deferred taxes.. (213) (214)
-------- --------
Income tax (benefit) expense........... $(38,261) $ (6,304)
======== ========
C-14
The income tax (benefit) expense differs from amounts computed at statutory
rates primarily because of amortization of nondeductible goodwill and the
amortization of excess deferred federal income taxes and investment tax credits.
The following is a reconciliation of the income tax (benefit) expense reported
on the consolidated statements of operations:
Year Ended
December 31,
--------------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Income tax benefit at US federal statutory
rate...................................... $(44,809) $(10,101)
State income tax (benefit) expense.......... (3,841) (355)
State income tax refunds ................... (866) -
Goodwill amortization....................... - 4,752
Goodwill impairment ........................ 6,300 -
Minority interest .......................... (2,817) (177)
Amortization of investment tax credit....... (231) (301)
Amortization of excess deferred taxes....... (214) (214)
Increase (decrease) in valuation
allowance................................. 9,080 (270)
Other....................................... (863) 362
-------- --------
Income tax (benefit) expense................ $(38,261) $ (6,304)
========= ========
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of deductible temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial
reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The tax effects
of significant items comprising Pinnacle's net deferred income taxes consist of
the following:
December 31,
---------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Deferred tax assets
Net operating losses .............................. $19,437 $ 6,450
Allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable ... 1,831 1,049
Accrued vacations ................................. 939 660
Postretirement benefits ........................... 12,496 7,255
Long-lived asset impairment ....................... 31,375 -
Deferred franchise tax ............................ 1,666 1,680
Regulatory assets ................................. (2) 1,102
Other ............................................. 131 106
Total deferred assets ........................... -------- -------
$67,873 $18,302
======= =======
The net deferred tax liability is classified on the balance sheet as follows:
Deferred tax liabilities
Franchise tax ................................ $(3,600) $(3,434)
Partnership investment ....................... (1,151) (1,481)
Basis in investment .......................... (1,632) (1,632)
Depreciation ................................. (42,004) (39,496)
Total deferred liabilities ................. --------- --------
$(48,387) $(46,043)
Valuation allowance .......................... (9,090) (10)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax asset (liability) ........... $ 10,396 $(27,751)
======== ========
C-15
Due to an amended federal income tax return that was filed for the year ended
December 31, 2000, TXU Com was able to carry-back net operating losses ("NOL")
originating in 2000 to request a refund of taxes previously paid. Anticipated
refunds from the amended return and the NOL carry-back are approximately $1.3
million.
On March 9, 2002, new tax legislation was enacted which extends the carry-back
period for NOL from two to five years for NOL originating in tax years ending in
either 2002 or 2001. As a result of this change, TXU Com anticipates that it
will be able to utilize NOL originating in 2002 and 2001 to request a refund of
taxes previously paid in the amount of approximately $5.3 million.
ETFL, a non-consolidated subsidiary for federal income tax return purposes, has
NOL carry-forwards of approximately $7.2 million to offset against future
taxable income. The NOLs expire from 2007 to 2022.
TXU Com and its subsidiaries, which file a consolidated federal income tax
return, have NOL carry-forwards of approximately $43 million to offset against
future taxable income. The NOL may be carried forward for 20 years and will
expire from 2020 to 2022, if not utilized.
5. POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Pension Plan
TXU Com provides pension benefits through the TXU Communications Retirement Plan
("Retirement Plan"), the TXU Communications Supplemental Retirement Plan
("Supplemental Plan") and the TXU Communications Deferred Compensation Plan for
Emerging Businesses ("Deferred Compensation Plan").
The Retirement Plan is a noncontributory defined benefit plan that provides
benefits to substantially all employees. Benefit provisions are subject to
collective bargaining. TXU Com's funding policy for this plan is to contribute
amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements as set forth in employee
benefit and tax laws. Employees who became participants prior to January 1, 2002
earn benefits based on their length of service and final average pay. Employees
who become participants on or after January 1, 2002 earn cumulative benefits
based on their age and a percentage of their monthly pay.
Telcon, FB Telephone, and FB LD adopted participation in the Retirement Plan
effective January 1, 2002. Employees who became participants on or after January
1, 2002 earn cumulative benefits based on their age and a percentage of their
monthly pay.
The Supplemental Plan is a non-contributory pay-as-you-go plan providing
supplementary retirement benefits primarily to higher-level employees.
The Deferred Compensation Plan is a contributory salary deferral plan offered on
a voluntary participation basis primarily to higher-level employees.
Changes to the projected benefit obligation, the fair value of assets, and the
underlying actuarial assumptions for the pension and other retirement plans are
shown below.
Health Care and Life Insurance Benefits: Services, Telephone, Telecom,
and Transport
TXU Com provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits
for employees who retire from TXU Com after reaching age 55 and accruing at
least 15 years of service. Retirees share in the cost of health care benefits.
Benefit provisions are subject to collective bargaining. Funding policy for
retiree health benefits is generally to pay covered expenses as they are
incurred. Post-retirement life insurance benefits are fully insured.
C-16
The effect on operations of principal retiree benefit plans is shown in the
following table.
Pension Benefits Other Benefits
December 31, December 31,
---------------- -----------------
2002 2001 2002 2001
----- ---- ---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Benefit obligation at December 31........................... $51,533 $45,256 $ 18,701 $ 14,240
Fair value of plan assets at December 31.................... 35,468 41,397 - -
Funded status............................................... (16,065) (3,859) (18,701) (14,240)
Unrecognized net actuarial loss ........................... 19,291 11,005 4,153 704
Unrecognized prior service costs............................ 443 302 - -
Prepaid (accrued) benefit cost.............................. $ 3,669 $ 7,448 $(14,548) $(13,536)
SFAS No. 87, "Employers' Accounting for Pensions," required TXU Com to record an
additional minimum pension liability of $10.2 million at December 31, 2002. This
liability represents the amount by which the accumulated benefit obligation
exceeded the sum of the fair market value of plan assets and accrued amounts
previously recorded. The additional minimum pension liability was offset by a
$0.5 million intangible asset and resulted in a $6.0 million charge to
comprehensive income, net of related tax benefits of $3.7 million. The
intangible asset is included in other noncurrent assets in Pinnacle's
consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2002.
Pension Benefits Other Benefits
December 31, December 31,
----------------- ---------------
2002 2001 2002 2001
----- ---- ---- ----
Assumptions:
Discount rate........................................... 6.75% 7.25% 6.75% 7.25%
Expected long-term return on assets..................... 8.50% 9.25% - -
Compensation increase rate.............................. 4.30% 4.30% - -
For measurement purposes, a 5% annual rate of increase in the cost of
health care benefits was assumed for 2002. This rate was assumed to increase to
12% in 2003 and gradually decrease to 5% by 2009, then remain at that level
thereafter.
Pension Benefits Other Benefits
December 31, December 31,
--------------- ---------------
2002 2001 2002 2001
---- ---- ---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) ....................... $3,404 $1,434 $2,132 $1,350
Employer contribution .................................... - - 625 544
Plan participants' contributions ......................... - - 96 21
Benefits paid ............................................ 2,191 1,295 722 565
Curtailment loss (gain) .................................. 251 - (494) -
In 2002, TXU Com recorded a credit to earnings of $243 thousand for pension and
postretirement termination benefits due to a large reduction in workforce. The
credit was the net of a $494 thousand curtailment gain recognized for
postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits offset by a $251 thousand
curtailment loss due to the recognition of prior service costs related to
pension benefits.
C-17
Deferred Compensation Agreements: Services, Telephone, Telecom and Transport
TXU Com has deferred compensation agreements with the former board of directors
of TXU Com's predecessor company, Lufkin-Conroe Communications, and certain
former employees. The benefits are payable for up to 15 years and may begin as
early as age 65 or upon the death of the participant.
TXU Com has purchased life insurance policies on certain former directors and
key employees. The excess of the cash surrender value of life insurance policies
over the notes payable balances related to these policies is reflected in
Pinnacle's financial statements. These plans do not qualify under the Internal
Revenue Code ("IRC"), and therefore, federal income tax deductions are allowed
only when benefits are paid.
Payments relating to deferred compensation agreements were $0.4 million for 2002
and 2001. Accrued costs were $0.5 million for 2002 and $0.1 million for 2001.
Accrued liability amounted to $3.3 million at December 31, 2002 and $3.4 million
at December 31, 2001.
401(k) Plans
Nonbargaining: Services, Telephone, Telecom, Transport, Telcon, FB Telephone
and FBLD
TXU Com sponsors a 401(k) plan for all nonbargaining employees ("Nonbargaining
TXU Com Plan") who have completed 90 days of full-time service (or at least
1,000 hours of service in any year) and are age 21 or older. On December 31,
2001 the Nonbargaining 401(k) plan covering Telcon, FB Telephone and FBLD was
merged into this plan. The plan allows participants to contribute up to 15% of
their eligible annual compensation to the plan, up to the maximum permitted by
the IRC. TXU Com matches 100% of the first 3% of employee contributions. TXU
Com's matching contributions to the plan amounted to $0.6 million for 2002 and
2001.
Bargaining: Services, Telephone, Telecom and Transport
TXU Com sponsors a 401(k) plan for all bargaining employees ("Bargaining TXU Com
Plan") who have completed one year of full-time service (or at least 1,000 hours
of service in any year) and are age 21 or older. The plan allows participants to
contribute up to 15% of their eligible annual compensation to the plan, up to
the maximum permitted by the IRC. For 2001, TXU Com matched 40% of the first 3%
of employee contributions. For 2002, TXU Com's matching contribution increased
to 50% of the first 3% of employee contributions, in accordance with the terms
of the collective bargaining agreement. TXU Com's matching contributions to the
plan amounted to $0.1 million for 2002 and 2001.
Non-Bargaining: Telcon, FB Telephone and FBLD
TXU Com sponsored a 401(k) plan for all non-bargaining employees of Telcon, FB
Telephone and FBLD who had completed at least one month of full-time service and
who were at least 21 years of age. Effective December 31, 2001, the plan was
merged into the 401(k) savings plan for non-bargaining employees of TXU Com.
Participants' accounts and participation eligibility were transferred to the TXU
Com plan effective January 1, 2002. Employees who became eligible on or after
January 1, 2002 participated in the TXU Com plan. The plan allowed participants
to contribute up to 8% of their eligible annual compensation to the plan, up to
the maximum permitted by the IRC. TXU Com matched 50% of the first 8% of
eligible employee contributions. TXU Com's matching contributions to the plan
amounted to $0.7 million for 2001.
The plan provided for discretionary company-paid profit sharing contributions of
up to 15% of each eligible employee's total compensation. Discretionary profit
sharing contributions to the plan, which were accrued during the year and paid
following the close of the year, amounted to $0.2 million for 2001.
C-18
6. OPERATING LEASES
Lessor
Pinnacle is the lessor of fiber optic systems, agreements to lease capacity to
customers over fiber optic lines, and until their expiration in early fiscal
2002, microwave towers. The leases, accounted for as operating leases, provide
for minimum future rentals to be received for the remainder of the lease period
and in the aggregate as follows:
Year Ended Fiber Optic
December 31, Systems
------------ ------------
Thousands of Dollars
2003 ............................... $1,038
2004 ............................... 990
2005 ............................... 851
2006 ............................... 752
2007 ............................... 726
Thereafter ......................... 3,439
-------
Total minimum future rental income $ 7,796
=======
Following is a summary of property on lease:
December 31,
-------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Microwave tower.................... $ - $ 382
Fiber optic system................. 747 7,472
------- -------
7,854
Less: accumulated depreciation..... 502 5,320
------- -------
$ 245 $ 2,534
======= =======
As discussed in Note 13 - Impairment and Restructuring Charges, Pinnacle
recorded impairment charges in 2002 related to its transport assets,
significantly reducing the carrying value of the related assets.
Lessee
TXU Com has executed various building space leases, with terms ranging from 36
to 84 months and monthly payments ranging from $0.1 million to $0.3 million. All
but one of the leases contain provisions for escalation of the monthly payments.
Pinnacle's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31,
2002 includes a $0.3 million charge representing obligations on leased
facilities that were sublet to unrelated parties in 2002 for amounts less than
the related obligations. TXU Com also has executed several equipment leases with
varying terms up to 36 months and monthly payments totaling approximately $0.1
million.
The future minimum rental payments required by capital and operating leases are
as follows (in thousands):
2003.................................... $4,871
2004.................................... 3,862
2005.................................... 3,333
2006.................................... 2,657
2007.................................... 1,635
Thereafter.............................. 5,127
Rent expense on operating leases was $3.6 million for 2002 and $2.3 million for
2001.
C-19
7. CAPITAL LEASES
On February 25, 2002 and effective April 1, 2002, TXU Com entered into a
30-month basic term Master Lease Agreement with GE. The agreement covered the
financing of certain specific furniture, fixtures, equipment and leasehold
improvements at TXU Com's corporate headquarters. This agreement was accounted
for as a capital lease arrangement with capitalized costs totaling $2.2 million.
GE will invoice TXU Com monthly for a variable amount, which has both a fixed
and an interest-sensitive component. At the end of the 30-month basic lease
term, TXU Com may elect to purchase the equipment at its fair value by financing
a contractually specified option payment.
Also on February 25, 2002 and effective April 1, 2002, Pinnacle entered into a
second Master Lease Agreement with GE totaling $2.7 million. This 30-month basic
term agreement has two separate lease schedules covering the sale and leaseback
of certain specific additional leasehold improvements. The leases covered by
these two schedules were accounted for as capital leases. Under the terms of the
agreement, GE will invoice Pinnacle monthly for the rental expense.
8. INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATED AND NONAFFILIATED COMPANIES
Investments at December 31, 2002 and 2001 consist of the following (in
thousands):
December 31,
-------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Short-term investments - marketable equity securities ... $125 $105
======== ========
Noncurrent investments:
Overfund Trust - TXU Corp. debt securities .......... $177,564 $258,733
Equity method investments in entities ............... 26,864 24,843
Investments in securities - at cost ................. 7,151 6,986
Other................................................ 1,403 2,244
Total noncurrent investments .................. -------- --------
$212,982 $292,806
======== ========
Marketable equity securities have been categorized as available for sale and, as
a result, are stated at fair value. Such securities are classified as either
current (short-term) or noncurrent assets on the balance sheet depending upon
the purpose for which they are held. Unrealized gains and losses are included as
a component of accumulated other comprehensive income until realized.
For the purpose of determining gross unrealized gains and losses, marketable
securities include the following at December 31, 2002 and 2001:
Realized Gain
Cost Fair Value Unrealized Gains (Loss)
--------------- ------------- ---------------- ---------------
2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Other marketable equity securities
FB Telephone - (short-term)...... $11 $ 11 $125 $105 $114 $ 94 $ - $(14)
TXU Com - (noncurrent)........... $ - $768 $ - $939 $ - $171 $230 $ -
Upon the formation of Pinnacle in August 2000 as described in Note 3, the
Overfund Trust invested $336 million in TXU Corp. 6.0% fixed rate debt
securities due biannually through August 2004. The trust assets, including
principal and interest earned, are being used to pay interest on the senior
secured notes and the investment yield amounts to Zenith.
C-20
All investments in securities are held for noncurrent uses and are classified as
noncurrent assets on the balance sheet.
In May 2002, Pinnacle sold its investment in International Paper Company stock,
resulting in a realized gain of $0.2 million.
The following investments are accounted for using the equity method:
Percentage Owned
December 31,
-------------
2002 2001
---- ----
GTE Mobilnet of South Texas Limited Partnership...... 2.34% 2.34%
GTE Mobilnet of Texas RSA #17 Limited Partnership.... 17.02% 17.02%
Fort Bend Fibernet Partnership...................... 39.00% 39.00%
In December 2001, Pinnacle sold all of its 18% investment in ALLTEL
Communications Texas RSA#11B Limited Partnership, resulting in a gain of $6.2
million.
The investments in securities accounted for using the cost method include the
following:
December 31,
----------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Rural Telephone Bank stock..... $5,921 $5,921
CoBank, ACB stock.............. 1,230 1,065
The CoBank stock represents purchases of CoBank stock as required by the CoBank
loan agreement and patronage distributions from CoBank in the form of stock. FB
Telephone will begin receiving annual refunds of a portion of this stock once
its stock balance reaches 11.5% of the five-year moving average of its CoBank
loan balance.
Pinnacle owns 5,921 shares of $1,000 par value Class C Rural Telephone Bank,
which is stated at original cost plus a gain recognized at conversion of Class B
to Class C stock.
9. MINORITY INTEREST
During 1990, Transport, in a joint venture with Eastex Celco ("ETC"), formed
ETFL. Transport and ETC own 63% and 37%, respectively, of the outstanding stock
of ETFL. Minority owners' interest in the losses of ETFL was $8.0 million in
2002 and $507 thousand in 2001.
C-21
10. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES
Following is a summary of transactions and balances with related parties:
December 31,
------------------
2002 2001
---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Accounts receivable - TXU Corp ........................... $ 3,951 $5,821
Accounts receivable - Fort Bend Fibernet 39% Limited
Partnership .......................................... 44 -
Accounts payable - TXU Corp. ............................. (352) (4,484)
Long-term debt payable - TXU Corp. ....................... (144,066) (151,678)
Accrued interest - TXU Corp. ............................. (3,995) (149)
Investment in TXU Corp. debt securities .................. 177,564 258,733
Interest expense paid to TXU Corp. ....................... 5,059 8,501
Billings from TXU Corp. for management fees .............. 3,331 5,594
Billings from TXU Corp. for services ..................... 2,427 1,885
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Pinnacle and its subsidiaries are subject to various claims and lawsuits,
including property damage claims, which arise from time to time in the normal
course of business. It is the opinion of management and counsel that the
disposition or ultimate determination of such claims and lawsuits will not have
a material effect on the financial position of Pinnacle, since Pinnacle has
insurance to cover such claims.
12. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of
each of the material financial instruments for which it is practicable to
estimate the value:
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments - Cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments are valued at their carrying amounts, which are
reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short maturity of those
instruments.
Accounts Receivable/Payables - Due to their near-term maturities, the carrying
amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered equivalent to
fair value.
Long-Term Investments - The fair value of investments is estimated based on the
quoted market price for that investment. Other investments for which there are
no quoted market prices because the stocks are not publicly traded are carried
at cost since reasonable estimates of fair value could not be made without
incurring excessive costs.
Long-Term Debt - The fair value of Pinnacle's long-term debt, including current
maturities, is estimated based on the current rates offered to Pinnacle for debt
of the same remaining maturities.
C-22
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of Pinnacle's material financial
instruments are as follows:
Carrying Amount Fair Value
December 31, December 31,
--------------- ----------------
2002 2001 2002 2001
---- ---- ---- ----
Thousands of Dollars
Long-term investments for which it is:
Practicable to estimate fair value...... $ - $ 1,044 $ - $ 1,044
Not practicable to estimate fair value.. 35,418 33,107 N/A N/A
Investments in TXU Corp. debt securities ..... 177,564 258,733 177,564 258,733
Long-term debt ............................ 976,202 982,845 976,202 982,845
13. IMPAIRMENT AND RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
In December 2002, Pinnacle revised its business strategy to focus primarily on
its ILEC business and related activities. At that point Pinnacle made a decision
to hold its CLEC and Transport assets for sale. Pinnacle determined the value of
the assets held for sale based on third party sale negotiations and similar
recent sales transactions and recorded an impairment charge of $90.9 million
($56.6 million after taxes and minority interest) in the fourth quarter of 2002.
In addition, Pinnacle recorded restructuring charges of $2.1 million.
Impairment Charges
------------------
CLEC Transport Total
-------------------------------------------------------------
Thousands of Dollars
Property, plant and equipment
Net book value ......................... $ 27,512 $ 70,831 $ 98,343
Estimated cost of sale ..................... 232 360 592
---------------- ------------------ -----------------
27,744 71,191 98,935
Less estimated fair market value ........... 947 7,083 8,030
---------------- ------------------ -----------------
Assets held for sale impairment charges .... $ 26,797 $ 64,108 $ 90,905
================ ================== =================
Restructuring Charges
- ---------------------
(thousands of dollars)
Employee separations .................. $ 736
Facility closure costs ................ 916
Other contractual commitments ......... 417
----------
Total.................................. $2,069
==========
Employee separation restructuring charges relate to 55 affected employees. It is
anticipated that the majority of employee separation costs will be paid by the
end of the second quarter 2003. At December 31, 2002, none of the restructuring
costs had been paid.
Earlier in 2002, Pinnacle recorded impairment charges of $8.4 million related to
certain CLEC information technology and collocation assets. The evaluation
occurred in conjunction with exiting certain unprofitable activities and
decommissioning non-strategic collocation sites. The information technology
assets were fully written-off and taken out of service. The collocation assets
were valued at fair market value based on third party pricing. This impairment
occurred prior to the decision to hold those assets for sale.
C-23
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Assets Held For Sale
In 2002, Pinnacle refocused its operations on the core ILEC operations. As a
result, Pinnacle began exploring alternatives for its CLEC and Transport
operations. On January 15, 2003, Pinnacle entered into an agreement to sell
substantially all of the assets related to its CLEC operations conducted by
Telecom and FB LD for a total purchase price of $1.2 million. Pinnacle completed
the sale of its CLEC operations on March 15, 2003. Pinnacle also anticipates
selling its Transport operations in the near term. As a result, the assets and
liabilities related to the operations held for sale have been presented
separately in the assets and liabilities sections of the consolidated balance
sheets. The assets held for sale consist of $8.0 million of property, plant and
equipment recorded at fair market value based on the estimated sales price. The
liabilities represent estimated costs to sell of $0.6 million and restructuring
charges of $2.1 million.
Sale of Pinnacle by TXU Corp.
In May 2003, TXU Corp. acquired, for $150 million in cash, its joint venture
partner's interest in Pinnacle. The acquisition of the interest was under a
put/call agreement that had been executed in late February 2003. Also in May
2003, TXU Corp. finalized a formal plan to dispose of TXU Communications by
sale.
In January 2004, TXU Corp. entered into an agreement to sell its
telecommunications business for $527 million which represented all
of the operating assets of Pinnacle.
In the fourth quarter of 2003, Pinnacle recorded a goodwill impairment charge of
$13.2 million ($8.5 million after-tax), to reflect the fair value of the
business as determined by a sales agreement entered into in January 2004. Under
the agreement, the stock of the business will be sold for $524 million in cash
(before transaction costs and other adjustments) and $3 million in assumed debt.
The sale is expected to be completed in the first half of 2004, pending approval
by the Federal Communications Commission and Hart-Scott-Rodino Act review.
Estimated net cash proceeds from the sale of approximately $520 million will be
applied to the repayment of $560 million of Pinnacle's notes payable.
C-24