FORWARD LOOKING
STATEMENTS
THIS
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K, IN PARTICULAR ITEM 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, AND ITEM 1.
BUSINESS, INCLUDE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF
SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE STATEMENTS REPRESENT
OUR EXPECTATIONS OR BELIEFS CONCERNING, AMONG OTHER THINGS, FUTURE REVENUE, EARNINGS,
GROWTH STRATEGIES AND OTHER FINANCIAL RESULTS, NEW PRODUCTS, FUTURE OPERATIONS AND
OPERATING RESULTS, AND FUTURE BUSINESS AND MARKET OPPORTUNITIES. WE WISH TO CAUTION AND
ADVISE READERS THAT THESE STATEMENTS INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD CAUSE
ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THE EXPECTATIONS AND BELIEFS CONTAINED HEREIN.
FOR A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS, SEE ITEM 1. BUSINESS
RISK FACTORS BEGINNING ON PAGE 23.
In this Annual Report on Form
10-K, references to dollars and $ are to United States dollars. Nu
Skin, Pharmanex, 6S Quality Process and Big Planet are our trademarks. The
italicized product names used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are product names and
also, in certain cases, our trademarks.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Nu
Skin Enterprises is a leading, global direct selling company. We develop and distribute
premium-quality, innovative personal care products and nutritional supplements that are
sold worldwide under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex brands. We also market technology
products and services and a line of home care products under the Big Planet brand. We are
one of the largest direct selling companies in the world with 2003 revenue of $986 million
and a global network of approximately 678,000 active independent distributors.
Approximately 29,000 of our active distributors have achieved executive distributor
status. Our executive distributors play an important leadership role in our distribution
network and are critical to the growth and profitability of our business. We currently
operate in more than 30 countries throughout Asia, the Americas and Europe, and we
recognize approximately 89% of our revenue in markets outside the United States, with our
Japanese operations accounting for approximately 57% of our revenue. Because of the size
of our foreign operations, our operating results can be negatively impacted by such
factors as weakening of foreign currencies, regulatory issues and poor economic or
political conditions in those markets.
We
develop and market branded consumer products that we believe are well-suited for direct
selling. Our distributors market and sell our products by educating consumers about the
benefits and distinguishing characteristics of our products and by providing personalized
customer service. Through dedicated research and development, we continually develop and
introduce new products and enhance our existing line of products to provide our
distributors with a differentiated product portfolio. We are able to attract and motivate
high-caliber independent distributors because of our focus on developing innovative
products, our attractive global compensation system and our advanced technological
distributor support. The direct selling and nutritional supplement industries, however,
are subject to extensive governmental
-1-
regulations throughout the world, which impose some
restrictions on our business and create the risk that we could be fined or have our
operations suspended if we fail to comply with these regulations.
Our Product Divisions
We
have three product divisions: Nu Skin, which offers personal care products; Pharmanex,
which offers nutritional products; and Big Planet, which offers high-technology products
and services.
Presented
below are the U.S. dollar amounts and percentages of revenue from the sale of Nu Skin,
Pharmanex and Big Planet products and services for each of the years ended December 31,
2001, 2002, and 2003. This table should be read together with the information presented in
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations, which discusses the costs associated with generating the aggregate
revenue presented:
Revenue by Product Category
(in millions)(1) |
|
Year Ended
December 31, 2001
| |
Year Ended
December 31, 2002
| |
Year Ended
December 31, 2003
| |
Product Category
| |
$
| |
%
| |
$
| |
%
| |
$
| |
%
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nu Skin |
|
423.7 |
|
47.8 |
|
470.6 |
|
48.8 |
|
476.2 |
|
48.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharmanex | |
396.3 |
|
44.8 |
|
439.0 |
|
45.5 |
|
472.1 |
|
47.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Big Planet | |
65.6 |
|
7.4 |
|
54.5 |
|
5.7 |
|
38.2 |
|
3.9 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | |
885.6 |
|
100.0 |
|
964.1 |
|
100.0 |
|
986.5 |
|
100.0 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
In 2003, over 89% of our sales were transacted in foreign currencies that are converted to U.S. dollars for financial reporting
purposes at weighted average exchange rates. Foreign currency fluctuations positively impacted reported revenue by 4% in 2003
compared to 2002, and negatively impacted reported revenue by 1% in 2002 compared to 2001. |
Nu
Skin. Nu Skin is our original product line and offers over 100 premium-quality
personal care products in the areas of daily skin care, advanced skin treatments,
ethnobotanical personal care and other advanced products.
Our
strategy is to leverage our network marketing distribution model to establish Nu Skin as
an innovative leader in the personal care market. We are committed to continuously
improving and evolving our product formulations to incorporate innovative and proven
ingredients while excluding those that we believe are detrimental to consumers. For
example, we recently introduced Tru Face Essence, a facial firming serum that
restores youthful contours to the face and neck area. Other examples include our Tru
Face Revealing Gel, a daily treatment that refines skin appearance for a radiant
complexion and Epoch Ava Puhi Moni Anti-Dandruff Shampoo, an
ethnobotanical shampoo that combines ancient use of plants with modern day
science. Our educated distributor force provides consumers with detailed
-2-
information and
instruction about our Nu Skin products and guidelines for using the products most
effectively, thereby enabling us to bring more sophisticated ideas and technologies to
market.
Nu
Skin offers products individually and in comprehensive product sets that include a variety
of products in each product line. The following table summarizes the current Nu Skin
product line by category. Revenue percentages in the table are for the year ended December
31, 2003:
Category
| |
Description
| |
Selected Products
| |
|
|
|
Daily Skin Care
44% of Nu Skin division revenue |
|
Our premier line of daily skin care products
consists of face and body products including cleansers, toners,
moisturizers, specialty products and body care.
Nutricentials products fortified with topically applied
nutrients uniquely position this line. |
|
Night Supply Nourishing
Cream
Liquid Body Bar
Enhancer
Celltrex Ultra
Perennial Intense Body
Moisturizer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advanced Skin Treatments
23% of Nu Skin division revenue | |
Our advanced skin treatments are designed to
supplement the benefits of a daily skin care routine, featuring
products with ingredients scientifically proven to provide visible results
for specific skin care needs from
anti-aging to acne. | |
Nu Skin 180° Anti-Aging Skin Therapy
Tru Face Line Corrector
Tru Face Essence
Tru Face Revealing Gel
Nu Skin Galvanic Spa
System II
Nu Skin Clear Action Acne
Treatment System | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ethnobotanicals
7% of Nu Skin division revenue | |
Our Epoch line is distinguished by utilizing the traditions of indigenous culture. Each Epoch product is
formulated with botanical ingredients derived from renewable resources found in nature. In addition, we
contribute a percentage of our proceeds from Epoch sales to charitable causes. | |
Epoch Baby
Glacial Marine Mud
Ava Puhi Moni Shampoo
Ice Dancer Leg Gel
Fire Walker Foot Cream | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other-Advanced Products
26% of Nu Skin division revenue | |
Our personal care portfolio also includes daily use products such as hair care and color cosmetics. | |
DailyKind Mild Shampoo
FreeFall Detangling Spray
Nutriol Hair Fitness Prep
Sunright Lip Balm
Nu Colour Skin Beneficial
Tinted Moisturizer | |
-3-
Pharmanex. We
currently offer approximately 65 Pharmanex nutritional products. We are
committed to providing our customers with high-quality, standardized and
scientifically substantiated nutritional supplements. Pharmanex nutritional
supplements include our flagship LifePak line of micronutrient and
phytonutrient supplements, which we currently sell in all of our major markets.
LifePak sales accounted for 20% of our total revenue and 43% of Pharmanex
revenue in 2003. We also offer a line of targeted Pharmanex nutritional
supplements, weight management products and other specialty products. We design
Pharmanex nutritional products to promote healthy, active lifestyles and
general well being when used in conjunction with proper diet and exercise.
We
believe that direct selling is a more effective method of marketing high-quality
nutritional supplements than traditional retailing channels because our distributors are
able to educate consumers about the benefits of our nutritional supplements and to
differentiate the quality and benefits of our products from those offered by competitors.
Our strategy is to further expand our nutritional supplement business by continuing to
introduce new, innovative products based on extensive research and development. To further
extend our research capability, we have completed the build-out of a research center in
Shanghai, China. This approximately 12,000 square foot facility will house Pharmanex
research scientists and is one of three research and development centers (Shanghai,
Beijing, and Provo, Utah) in the Pharmanex division. Our product development efforts are
focused in the area of anti-aging, weight management and other nutrition issues. We
recently introduced ReishiMax GLP, which promotes a healthy immune system,
TRA, a weight management system, and IgG Boost, a colostrum supplement
utilizing patented technology we recently acquired. We have never included stimulants,
such as ephedra or anabolic steroids (and precursors) in our products. Any ingredients
that are proven to have any long-term addictive or harmful effects are not considered for
product development, even if the short-term effects may be desirable.
We
are continuously looking for ways to help our distributors market our products more
effectively. In 2003, we introduced a patented laser-based scanning tool that measures the
level of carotenoids (a powerful antioxidant) in skin tissue. We believe we are the first
nutrition company to make available a non-invasive tool that will measure the level of
tissue antioxidant carotenoids after regular nutritional supplementation. We currently
lease over 600 scanners to distributors in the United States, and anticipate making more
of them available to other distributors during 2004 as we complete our development of a
final production model. We lease the scanners to our distributors at a monthly lease rate
ranging from $199 to $299 per month. We have placed scanners in our walk-in centers in
Taiwan, Hong Kong and certain of our markets in Southeast Asia and Europe. We are
currently evaluating the scanner for potential introduction in these and other
international markets subject to favorable results of regulatory reviews and compliance
with applicable regulations in foreign markets.
Another
marketing tool for our distributors that we are promoting is an automatic reordering
program whereby customers can subscribe for automatic monthly delivery of products. This
program is well-suited for Pharmanex products, particularly the LifePak daily
supplement line, which come in one-month supply packages. We have found that our
distributors are able to generate a higher rate of repeat customers through the use of
this program.
We
have developed a 6S Quality Process to standardize our nutritional
supplements. We believe that this 6S Quality Process enhances our ability to provide
consumers with safe, effective and consistent products. The 6S Quality Process generally
involves the following steps:
-4-
|
|
|
Selection.
Conducting a scientific review of research and databases in connection with the
selection of potential products and ingredients, and determining the authenticity,
usefulness and safety standards for potential products and ingredients. |
|
|
|
Sourcing.
Investigating potential sources, evaluating the quality of sources and performing
botanical and chemical evaluations where appropriate. |
|
|
|
Structure.
Determining the structural profile of natural compounds and active ingredients. |
|
|
|
Standardization.
Standardizing the product dosage of its biologically relevant active ingredients. |
|
|
|
Safety.
Assessing safety from available research and, where necessary, performing additional
tests such as microbial tests and chemical analyses for toxins and heavy metals. |
|
|
|
Substantiation.
Reviewing documented pre-clinical and clinical trials and, where necessary and
appropriate, initiating studies and clinical trials sponsored by Pharmanex. |
Pharmanex
also sells a Vitameal dehydrated food product made with a blend of enriched rice
and lentils. Vitameals are highly nutritious and designed to serve as an emergency
food supply. Pharmanex also supplies Vitameal as part of a humanitarian relief
effort designed to satisfy the nutritional needs of children at risk of starvation. We
have implemented a program that provides a convenient way for distributors to donate
Vitameal products they purchase from us to relief organizations for use in
humanitarian relief. This initiative is maintained under the Nourish the Children
trademark. In the past 18 months, we have provided over 7 million meals to starving
children through this program.
-5-
The
following table summarizes the current Pharmanex product lines by category. Revenue
percentages in the table are for the year ended December 31, 2003:
Category
| |
Description
| |
Selected Products
| |
|
|
|
Micronutrient Supplements
43% of Pharmanex division revenue |
|
Our LifePak family of daily supplements is
designed to provide a beneficial mix of nutrients including vitamins,
minerals and antioxidants. |
|
LifePak
LifePakWomen
LifePakPrime
LifePakTrim
LifePakTeen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Targeted Nutritional Solutions
37% of Pharmanex division revenue | |
Our self-care dietary supplements contain consistent levels of botanical ingredients that are designed to provide
consumers with targeted wellness benefits. | |
ReishiMax
Cortitrol
Cholestin
CordyMaxCs-4
TeGreen97
BioGingko27/7
ImmuneFormula
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weight Management
11% of Pharmanex division revenue | |
Our TRA ephedra-free line of weight-management
products was created to capitalize on the growing weight
management category. TRA supplements are complementary to any diet program that is currently on the market. | |
TRA
Overdrive
FibreNet
CraveEase
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other--Specialty Products
9% of Pharmanex division revenue | |
Our portfolio of other nutritional products includes healthy drinks and other specialty wellness products. | |
SplashC
Appeal
AloeDrink | |
Big Planet. Big Planet offers innovative high technology products and
services that appeal to mass markets often underserved by other companies because of the
common complexities of high-tech products. We believe our Big Planet technology products
help to attract a new, more technologically sophisticated demographic of distributors to
our business. We believe that a significant number of these individuals are people who
would not ordinarily be attracted to a more conventional direct sales business. However,
our experience indicates that, upon joining our business, many distributors attracted by
our Big Planet products and services also begin to purchase and distribute our Nu Skin and
Pharmanex products. Our strategy for Big Planet moving forward is to expand the Big Planet
product mix to include high-margin, high-technology products that focus on ease of use and
that have application in broader markets across multiple geographies. This approach will
allow Big Planet to achieve greater distribution through Nu Skin Enterprises global
distributor network and to profit from the higher margins associated with product
categories such as software. For example, Big Planet recently announced the upcoming
release of a cutting-edge Internet security software tool designed to protect Internet
users from unauthorized access to their private information through spyware
and other invasive devices.
-6-
We
also offer telecommunications and Internet services as a way of providing more
opportunities to create commissionable spending, including Internet access and website
hosting, domestic and international long distance telecommunications services and personal
800 numbers. Big Planet recently modified its strategy relating to these technology
services. Effective July 1, 2003 we moved from a wholesaler of telecommunication services
to a commissioned agent, allowing us to increase our operating profit margin on these services
service. We also offer an affiliate online shopping website called the Big Planet Mall
(www.bpmall.com). Moving forward, we will continue to actively review other existing
product lines for opportunities to improve operating margins. In addition, in August 2003,
Big Planet sold its professional employer organization (PEO), allowing Big
Planet to focus on product initiatives that produce higher margins and that are more
closely aligned with our long-term technology vision.
Big
Planet also offers business tools designed to allow our distributors to increase their
productivity by leveraging technology in the management of their direct selling
activities. These products include individual, personalized distributor websites that
grant customers easy and convenient access to information about our products and services.
We host these websites for our distributors and provide content with relevant product and
business information. Distributors also have the ability to configure their individual
websites to customize their marketing efforts and to conduct e-commerce activities across
our product line, by seamlessly integrating their sites and online ordering capabilities
with our websites and back-end fulfillment systems. Online orders placed by a customer are
credited to the appropriate distributor and are automatically routed through our
electronic ordering system, and products are shipped by us directly to the customer. We
believe this web-based approach greatly simplifies and enhances the ordering experience
for our distributors and their customers while at the same time helping to reduce our
overall operating costs. Other Big Planet products designed to enhance distributor
activity include online business tools, which help our distributors to monitor their sales
activity, as well as set up meetings, communicate with their sales organizations and
conduct electronic-based marketing efforts.
As
part of an overall business development initiative, Big Planet also manages product
development in the growing home-care market product segment. Past initiatives have
included developing environmentally friendly cleaning products under the Ecosphere brand
name. Products in this segment also include water filtration products and other potential
home-care categories. These products are not marketed under the Big Planet brand name.
-7-
The
following table summarizes the current Big Planet product lines by category. Revenue
percentages in the table are for the year ended December 31, 2003(1):
Category
| |
Description
| |
Selected Products
| |
|
|
|
Internet Services
46% of Big Planet division revenue |
|
Our Internet service products include dial-up Internet access, web hosting and other Internet tools and services. |
|
Business Center (U.S.)
Personal Website (Japan)
Global Web Page (other)
ISP for U.S. - by Qwest
ISP for Japan - by Nifty |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telecommunications
8% of Big Planet division revenue | |
We offer competitively priced telecommunication services and enhanced telecommunication services. | |
Simplify Home
Simplify One
Qwest
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Home Care
27% of Big Planet division revenue | |
Our current home care offering includes such products as laundry detergent, all purpose and glass and mirror
cleaners. | |
Ecosphere Laundry
Ecosphere Dish
Ecosphere Surface
Ecosphere Glass & Mirror
Water Purifiers
| |
(1) |
|
Big
Planet revenue in 2003 also included $9.1 million from our professional employer
organization which was divested in July of 2003. |
Sourcing and Production
Nu
Skin. In order to maintain high product quality, we acquire our ingredients and
products from suppliers that we believe are reliable, reputable and provide us with
ingredients and products we believe to be of high quality. For approximately ten years, we
have acquired ingredients and products from one unaffiliated supplier that currently
manufactures approximately 39% of our Nu Skin personal care products. Our contract with
our major supplier is for a one-year term that automatically renews for an additional
one-year term unless either terminates the contract. We maintain a good relationship
with our supplier and do not anticipate that either party will terminate the contract in
the near term. We also have ongoing relationships with secondary and tertiary suppliers
who supply almost all of our remaining products and ingredients. We believe that, in the
event we are unable to source any products or ingredients from our major supplier, we
could produce or replace those products or substitute ingredients from our secondary and
tertiary suppliers without great difficulty or significant increases in our cost of goods
sold.
Due
to Chinese government restrictions on the importation and sale of finished goods for our
method of operation, we established our own manufacturing facility in Shanghai, China in
2001. At this facility, we currently manufacture our personal care products sold through
our retail stores in Mainland China. A small portion of the output from this facility is
exported to our other markets. If necessary, this facility could be expanded or other
facilities could be built in Mainland China to provide manufacturing capabilities for our
other markets as a back-up to our major supplier in addition to our secondary and tertiary
suppliers.
-8-
The
recent identification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease, in
one cow in the United States has not resulted in the suspension of importation licenses
for our personal care products in any of our markets. However, Mainland China has
suspended the importation of any finished goods or bulk cosmetic products from the United
States, irrespective of whether or not they contain bovine-derived ingredients. Since
substantially all of our personal care products sold through our retail stores in Mainland
China are produced in our Shanghai facility, we were able to easily address this issue by
accelerating the local manufacturing of the small number of products we were still
exporting in bulk to Mainland China.
Pharmanex. Substantially
all of our Pharmanex nutritional supplements and ingredients, including LifePak,
are produced or provided by third party suppliers that we consider to be among
the best suppliers of these products and ingredients. We currently rely on two
unaffiliated suppliers, one of which supplies approximately 39% and the other
of which supplies approximately 28% of our Pharmanex nutritional supplements.
We believe that, in the event we were unable to source any products or
ingredients from these suppliers or our other current suppliers, we could
produce or replace these products or substitute ingredients without great
difficulty or significant increases in our cost of goods sold. We also maintain
an extraction and processing facility located in Zhejiang Province, China,
where we currently produce the extracts for our TeGreen 97 and ReishiMax products.
Substantially
all of our Pharmanex revenue is generated from products that are encapsulated in gel
capsules that are produced with bovine materials. In late 2003, bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease, was identified in one cow in the United States,
prompting a few countries, including Japan and South Korea, to suspend importation of
nutritional supplements encapsulated with bovine-based gelatin produced in the United
States. In addition, Japan enacted a prohibition on the sale of such products in the
country after February 16, 2004. In response, we converted some gelatin encapsulated
products into an all porcine-based gelatin form, and switched to tablet form for other
products, including LifePak for the Japanese market. There are certain sourcing,
regulatory and other risks associated with the implementation of these measures. For a
more detailed discussion of the risks to our business associated with BSE, please refer to
the section below entitled Risk Factors.
To
help ensure the quality of Pharmanex products, we have implemented an extensive quality
control process designed to maintain tight quality controls through all stages of
development, including the sourcing of raw materials and the manufacturing and packaging
of our products. During investigations of potential sources of botanical raw materials, we
conduct analyses of samples from each potential source. Suppliers are chosen based on the
quality and concentration level of the active ingredients present in the source. We also
maintain close working relationships with the manufacturers of our products and their
quality control departments to implement quality assurance programs that meet our
requirements. We regularly check and monitor their compliance with these programs. Our
selection and retention of manufacturers is driven by their ability to meet our strict
quality control criteria.
Big
Planet. Other than web hosting, email, online distributor tools and Big Planet
Mall, nearly all of the Big Planet services and products we offer are currently contracted
or sourced from unaffiliated third parties pursuant to contractual arrangements. For
example, we have contracted with Qwest Communications to provide long distance telephone
and Internet access services. By contracting to provide these services or by acting as a
commisioned agent for these services, we are able to avoid the large capital deployment
and investment that would be required to build the infrastructure necessary to provide
these services. However, our profit margins and ability to deliver quality services at
competitive prices depend upon our ability to negotiate and maintain favorable terms with
our third party providers.
-9-
Distributors receive commissions based on our gross margin on
each sale of Big Planet products or services, including monthly recurring service charges,
or based on the commission received by us with respect to products sold directly by
third party vendors to our distributors and customers. In addition to the online business
tools we have developed internally, we source complementary tools from third party vendors
to enhance our suite of distributor tools. We also source and manufacture our home-care
products through various third party vendors.
Research and Development
We
continually invest in our research and development capabilities. Our research and
development expenditures were approximately $7 million in each of 2001 and 2002 and were
approximately $6 million in 2003. The majority of our recent research and development
activity has been directed towards our Pharmanex products. Much of our Pharmanex research
to date has been conducted in Mainland China, where we benefit from a very low cost labor
pool that enables us to conduct research and clinical trials at a much lower cost than we
would incur in the United States. We also have a laboratory adjacent to our office complex
in Provo, Utah, which houses both Pharmanex and Nu Skin research facilities and technical
personnel. Because of our commitment to product innovation, we will continue to commit
significant resources to research and development in the future.
We
believe that we are one of the few nutritional supplement companies in the United States
that has a research and development program modeled after the pharmaceutical industry. We
believe that this research and development capability provides us with an important
competitive advantage in the industry. We employ approximately 75 scientists at our
dedicated research and development centers in Shanghai, China and Beijing, China and at
our Provo, Utah offices. We also have working relationships with other independent
scientists including an advisory board comprised of recognized authorities in various
related disciplines. In addition, we evaluate a significant number of product ideas
presented to us by outside sources.
We
have established collaborative arrangements with two prominent universities and research
institutions in Mainland China: Shanghai Medical University and Beijing Medical
University. The staffs of these institutions include scientists with expertise in natural
product chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology and clinical studies. Our research and
development center in Shanghai coordinates and validates our collaborative efforts with
these institutions. We also occasionally collaborate with other major universities in the
United States and other countries. Some of the university research centers that we have
worked with include UCLA, the Rippe Center for Clinical Lifestyle Research, Columbia
University, the University of Kansas, the University of Hong Kong School of Medicine and
Taiwan Academia Sinica.
For product development support in our Nu Skin personal care line, we have established an
aggressive licensing strategy and rely on an advisory board comprised of recognized
authorities in various disciplines as well as an in-house staff of research and marketing
professionals. We also have entered into an agreement with the Stanford University Medical
Center for directed research and clinical trials of Nu Skin products and materials. These
activities are conducted at the Nu Skin Center for Dermatological Research at Stanford
Universitys School of Medicine. This center focuses on scientific investigation,
dermatology research, product development and clinical trials. We believe our strategic
alliances provide important access to innovative product concepts.
-10-
Geographic Sales Regions
For
information on revenue for each of the geographic regions in which we operated for the
years ended December 31, 2001, 2002, and 2003, please refer to Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 17
to our consolidated financial statements.
North
Asia. The North Asia region currently consists of our markets in Japan and South
Korea. Japan is our largest market globally with revenue of approximately $559 million in
2003. According to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, the direct selling
channel in Japan generated sales of approximately $24.5 billion of goods and services in
2002, making Japan the second largest direct selling market in the world. Despite our
revenue growth in Japan, the overall size of the direct selling channel in Japan has been
negatively impacted over the last several years by economic and competitive conditions.
Substantially all of our Nu Skin personal care products and a majority of our Pharmanex
nutritional supplements, including LifePak, our leading multi-vitamin and mineral
supplement, are available in the Japanese market. In 2003, we introduced in Japan
ReishiMax GLP, a Pharmanex product that promotes a healthy immune system and Tru
Face Essence, a facial firming serum from our Nu Skin division that restores youthful
contours to the face and neck area. Tru Face Essence is now one of the top revenue
generating products for the Nu Skin division. We have also introduced a number of
our Big Planet technology products and services into Japan including Internet service
offered through a third party provider, personalized websites, computers and online
business tools.
According
to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, the direct selling channel in
South Korea generated sales of approximately $4.6 billion of goods and services in 2002.
Our revenue in this market was approximately $59 million in 2003. We currently offer the
majority of our Nu Skin personal care products and approximately one-half of our Pharmanex
nutritional supplements in South Korea.
Greater
China. The Greater China region currently consists of our markets in
Taiwan, Hong Kong, and our retail operations in Mainland China. Taiwan was our largest
revenue generating market in this region during 2003 with revenue of approximately $73
million in 2003. Nu Skin Taiwan is one of the largest direct selling companies in Taiwan.
According to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, the direct selling
channel in Taiwan generated approximately $1.3 billion in sales of goods and services in
2002, and over three million people (over 10% of Taiwans population) are estimated
to participate in direct selling. We offer most of our Nu Skin personal care products and
approximately one-half of our Pharmanex nutritional products, including LifePak, in
Taiwan. We currently offer Big Planet branded Internet service in Taiwan through a
third party provider and a limited number of our other Big Planet products.
A
significant component of our growth strategy is to continue to enter into and expand new
markets, particularly Mainland China. Mainland China has restrictions that prevent us from
operating our direct sales business model there. Therefore, we have adopted a retail sales
model there in which an employed sales force sells products through fixed retail
locations. We rely on this employed sales force to market and sell products at the various
fixed retail locations supported by only modest advertising and promotional efforts. In
January 2003, we significantly increased the number of retail locations we operate in
Mainland China to 100 stores, and in late 2003 we further expanded our retail operations
into five new cities. In addition, we introduced our Nu Skin-branded products to the
market. Our revenue in Mainland China was approximately $38 million in 2003, with $18
million of revenue in the fourth quarter. Our retail model in Mainland China is largely
based upon our ability to attract customers to our retail stores, to educate them about
our products and to obtain repeat purchases from these customers. We currently sell
-11-
32 Nu
Skin products and an additional 58 personal care products marketed under local brand
names. All product sales are transacted within our retail stores. Our employed sales force
earns base pay and related benefits, as well as a bonus based upon their personal sales
efforts. While our distributor leaders from other markets are able to introduce customers
and sales people to our stores, their promotional efforts are significantly limited due to
the restrictions on direct selling in this market. The number of full-time sales
representatives we employ in Mainland China was 3,100 as of December 31, 2003. We enter
into labor contracts with all potential new sales representatives, only a small percentage
of which complete the qualification process and become full-time sales representatives. We
provide these potential new sales representatives with a minimum base pay and other labor
benefits. As of December 31, 2003, we had approximately 9,100 of such sales employees not
yet considered full-time sales representatives.
As
a result of its admission to the World Trade Organization, Mainland China has agreed to
establish regulations regarding sales away from fixed retail locations by December 2004.
If we view these new regulations to be an enhancement to our retail business model, we may
revise our business model in Mainland China to alter our remuneration plan for our
employed sales force, incorporate the use of a non-employee sales force and/or limit our
reliance on retail stores. Subject to appropriate changes in direct selling laws, we
believe that Mainland China could become one of the largest direct selling markets in the
world over the next several years. Our operations in Mainland China are subject to a
complex political and regulatory environment and we have been subject to significant
regulatory scrutiny since expanding our operations in January 2003. See Government
Regulation for more information on these regulatory issues.
North
America. The North America region consists of our markets in the United States and
Canada. According to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, the direct
selling channel in the United States generated sales of approximately $28.7 billion of
goods and services in 2002, making the United States the largest direct selling market in
the world. In 2003, we generated approximately $113 million in revenue in the United
States. Substantially all of our Nu Skin personal care products, our Pharmanex nutritional
supplements and our Big Planet products and services are available in the United States.
As of December 31, 2003, we had 2,577 executive distributors in the United States, which
accounted for 90% of the total executive distributors within North America.
South
Asia/Pacific. The South Asia/Pacific region currently consists of our
markets in Thailand, the Philippines, Australia/New Zealand and Singapore/Malaysia.
According to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, the direct selling
channel in Thailand generated sales of approximately $512 million of goods and services in
2002. In 2003, we generated approximately $23 million in revenue in Thailand.
In
December 2000, we commenced operations in Singapore. We offer Nu Skin products and a
limited number of Pharmanex products, including LifePak, in this market. In
addition, we expanded operations into Malaysia in November 2001. Because Malaysian law
requires our Malaysian affiliate to be 70% locally-owned, we have entered into a
shareholders agreement with local partners that allows us to manage the day-to-day
operations of the local affiliate, with veto control over all major decisions. In
addition, we have entered licensing and distribution agreements with the local affiliate
pursuant to which we sell products and receive license fees based on total sales to
distributors in this market. Because of our ability to control the operations of our
Malaysian affiliate, we consolidate all of the revenue from this market in our top-line
revenue. The opening of Singapore and Malaysia has contributed significantly to our growth
in Southeast Asia. In 2003, combined revenue from Singapore and Malaysia was approximately
$37 million. According to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, the direct
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selling channel in Singapore and Malaysia generated combined sales of approximately $1.2
billion of goods and services in 2002.
Other
Markets. Our Other Markets currently consist of the markets in Europe, Central
America and Brazil. We currently distribute products in 17 countries in Central and
Southern Europe and Scandinavia, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany,
Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Austria, Poland, Sweden,
Iceland, Norway, Finland and Denmark. In 2003, our revenue from our European markets was
approximately $32 million. The majority of our Nu Skin personal care products and several
of our Pharmanex products, including LifePak, are sold in Europe. We also
distribute a limited number of Big Planet products in the European market. We have
additional small operations in Brazil, Mexico and Guatemala.
According
to the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, the direct selling channel in
Brazil generated sales of approximately $2.0 billion of goods and services in 2002. We
have recently implemented a modified direct selling model in Brazil that we believe
provides an attractive opportunity for distributors in that market. We also believe that
this model can be a useful prototype that will help us compete in less developed economies
throughout the world, including our other current markets in Latin America and potential
new markets in Eastern Europe, which we believe will be among the fastest growing direct
selling regions in the World over the next several years. Approximately 45% of our Nu Skin
personal care products have been introduced in Brazil, along with 41 locally produced
products.
Distribution
Overview. The
foundation of our sales philosophy and distribution system is network
marketing. Except in Mainland China, we currently sell substantially all of our
products through independent distributors who are not our employees. Our
distributors generally purchase products from us for resale to consumers and for personal
consumption. Because of the nature of our Big Planet products and services,
distributors buy a limited number of our Big Planet products for resale but
primarily act as independent sales representatives for our products and receive
a commission on product sales from us.
We
believe that network marketing is an effective vehicle to distribute our products because:
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distributors
can educate consumers about our products in person, which we believe is more effective
for premium-quality, differentiated products than using television and print
advertisements; |
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direct
sales allow for actual product testing by potential customers; |
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there
is greater opportunity for distributor and customer testimonials; and |
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as
compared to other distribution methods, our distributors can provide customers higher
levels of service and attention by, among other things, following up on sales to ensure
proper product usage and customer satisfaction and to encourage repeat purchases. |
In
Mainland China, government regulations currently prevent us from implementing our direct
sales business model there. As a result, we have implemented a modified business model
utilizing retail stores and an employed sales force. Throughout this Annual Report on Form
10-K, we include full-time sales representatives in Mainland China in our executive
level distributor numbers in order to provide some
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level of comparison between our China model with
employed sales people and our global direct selling model. In addition, we have implemented a preferred customer program in
Mainland China, and throughout this report we include these preferred customers in our
active distributor numbers. While "preferred customers" are legally very different from distributors,
both are considered customers of our products.
Our
revenue is highly dependent upon the number and productivity of our distributors and sales
representatives. Growth in sales volume requires an increase in the productivity and/or
growth in the total number of distributors and sales representatives. As of December 31,
2003, we had approximately 678,000 active distributors of our products and services,
including 117,000 preferred customers in Mainland China. An active distributor is a
distributor or preferred customer who has purchased products for resale or personal
consumption during the previous three months. Approximately 29,000 of these active
distributors had achieved executive level status, including 3,100 employed
full-time sales representatives in Mainland China. Executive level distributors are the
distributors who are most seriously pursuing the direct selling opportunity and must
achieve and maintain specified personal and group sales volumes for a required period of
time. Once a distributor becomes an executive level distributor, the distributor can begin
to take full advantage of the benefits of commission payments on personal and group sales
volume. In Mainland China, employed full-time sales representatives are those sales
representatives that have completed a qualification process and receive a salary,
labor benefits and bonuses based on their personal sales efforts.
As of each of the dates indicated below, we had the following number of executive
distributors in the referenced regions:
Total Number of Executive Distributors by Region |
Region
| |
1999
| |
2000
| |
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Asia |
|
14,601 |
|
14,968 |
|
16,891 |
|
17,668 |
|
17,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greater China | |
2,988 |
|
2,609 |
|
2,698 |
|
3,564 |
|
5,991 |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America | |
2,547 |
|
2,632 |
|
2,419 |
|
2,693 |
|
2,861 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
431 |
|
435 |
|
1,842 |
|
2,972 |
|
2,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Markets | |
438 |
|
737 |
|
989 |
|
1,018 |
|
1,091 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | |
21,005 |
|
21,381 |
|
24,839 |
|
27,915 |
|
29,131 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Following
the opening of our retail business in Mainland China during 2003, executive distributors
includes 3,100 employed, full-time sales representatives. |
On
a monthly basis, we evaluate a limited number of distributor requests for exceptions to
the terms and conditions of the Global Compensation Plan, including volume requirements.
While our general policy is to discourage exceptions, we believe that the flexibility to
grant exceptions is critical in retaining distributor loyalty and dedication.
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Sponsoring. We
rely on our distributors to recruit and sponsor new distributors of our
products. While we provide product samples, brochures, magazines and other
sales materials at cost, distributors are primarily responsible for recruiting
and educating new distributors with respect to products, the Global
Compensation Plan and how to build a successful distributorship.
The
sponsoring of new distributors creates multiple levels in a network marketing structure.
Persons that a distributor sponsors are referred to as downline or
sponsored distributors. If downline distributors also sponsor new
distributors, they create additional levels in the structure, but their downline
distributors remain in the same downline network as their original sponsoring distributor.
Sponsoring
activities are not required of distributors and we do not pay any commissions for
sponsoring new distributors. However, because of the financial incentives provided to
those who succeed in building a distributor network that consumes and resells products, we
believe that many of our distributors attempt, with varying degrees of effort and success,
to sponsor additional distributors. People are often attracted to become distributors
after using our products and becoming regular customers. Once a person becomes a
distributor, he or she is able to purchase products directly from us at wholesale prices.
The distributor is also entitled to sponsor other distributors in order to build a network
of distributors and product users. A potential distributor must enter into a standard
distributor agreement, which obligates the distributor to abide by our policies and
procedures.
Global
Compensation Plan. We believe that one of our key competitive advantages is our
Global Compensation Plan. Under our Global Compensation Plan, distributors are paid
consolidated monthly commissions in the distributors home country, in local
currency, for their own product sales and for product sales in that distributors
downline distributor network across all geographic markets. Because of restrictions on
direct selling in Mainland China, our sales employees within Mainland China do not
participate in the Global Compensation Plan, but are compensated according to a retail
sales model established for that market. Additionally, while distributor leaders are
compensated based on sales activity of preferred customers and sales employees in Mainland
China, sales in Mainland China do not accrue to satisfy applicable sales volume
requirements within the Global Compensation Plan.
Commissions
on the sale of an individual Nu Skin or Pharmanex product can reach approximately 58% of
the wholesale price. The actual payout percentage, however, varies depending on a
distributors level within the Global Compensation Plan. On a global basis, the
overall commissions payout on these products has typically averaged approximately 41% to
43%. We believe that our commission payout as a percentage of total sales is among the
most generous paid by major direct selling companies. Commissions are paid on the sales of
Big Planet products and services as a percentage of our gross margins on those products.
For Big Planet products and services purchased directly from our third party vendors by
our distributors or customers, the commission is based on the total commission Big Planet
receives from third parties with respect to those sales. Accordingly, the commissions paid
to distributors of Big Planet products and services are less as a percentage of revenue
than for our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products.
High
Level of Distributor Incentives. Based upon managements knowledge of our
competitors distributor compensation plans, we believe that the Global Compensation
Plan is among the most financially rewarding plans offered to distributors by leading
direct selling companies. Currently, there are two fundamental ways in which our
distributors can earn money:
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through
retail markups on sales of products purchased by distributors at wholesale; and |
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through
a series of commissions on product sales. |
Each
of our products carries a specified number of sales volume points. Commissions are based
on total personal and group sales volume points per month. Sales volume points are
essentially based upon a products wholesale cost, net of any point-of-sales taxes.
As a distributors business expands from successfully sponsoring other distributors
into the business who in turn expand their own businesses, a distributor receives a higher
percentage of commissions. An executives commissions can increase substantially as
downline distributors achieve executive status. In determining commissions, the number of
levels of downline distributors included in an executives commissionable group
increases as the number of executive distributorships directly below the executive
increases.
Distributor
Support. We are committed to providing high-level support services tailored to the
needs of our distributors in each market. We attempt to meet the needs and build the
loyalty of distributors by providing personalized distributor services and by maintaining
a generous product return policy. Because the majority of our distributors are part-time
and have only a limited number of hours each week to concentrate on their business, we
believe that maximizing a distributors efforts by providing effective distributor
support has been, and will continue to be, important to our success.
Through
training meetings, annual conventions, web-based messages, distributor focus groups,
regular telephone conference calls and other personal contacts with distributors, we seek
to understand and satisfy the needs of our distributors. We provide walk-in, telephonic
and computerized product fulfillment and tracking services that result in user-friendly,
timely product distribution. Several of our walk-in retail centers maintain meeting rooms,
which our distributors may utilize for training and sponsoring activities. Because of our
efficient distribution system, we do not believe that most of our distributors maintain a
significant inventory of our products.
Technology
and Internet Initiatives. We believe that the Internet has become increasingly
important to our business as more consumers communicate online and purchase products over
the Internet as opposed to traditional retail and direct sales channels. As a result, we
have committed significant resources to enhancing our e-commerce capabilities and the
abilities of our distributors to take advantage of the Internet. We have introduced a
global web page that allows a distributor to have a personalized website through which he
or she can sell products in many of our more than 30 global markets.
Rules
Affecting Distributors. We closely monitor regulations in each market as well as
the activity of distributors to ensure that our distributor activities comply with local
laws. Our published distributor policies and procedures establish the rules that
distributors must follow in each market. In addition, we generally participate in local
direct selling associations and agree to abide by the policies required of those
associations. We also monitor distributor activity to ensure that our distributors enjoy a
level playing field and that distributors are not disadvantaged by the activities of
another. We require our distributors to present products and business opportunities
ethically and professionally. Distributors further agree that their presentations to
customers must be consistent with, and limited to, the product claims and representations
made in our literature. Even though sponsoring activities can be conducted in many
countries, our distributors may not conduct marketing activities outside of those
countries in which we currently conduct business, and further they may not export for sale
products from one country to another.
-16-
Distributors
must represent to us that their receipt of commissions is based on retail sales and
substantial personal sales efforts. We must produce or pre-approve all sales aids used by
distributors such as videotapes, audiotapes, brochures and promotional clothing.
Distributors may not use any form of media advertising to promote products. Products may
be promoted only by personal contact or by literature produced or approved by us.
Distributors may not use our trademarks or other intellectual property without our
consent.
Except
in Mainland China, products generally may not be sold, and our business opportunities may
not be promoted, in traditional retail environments. We have made an exception to this
rule by allowing some of our Pharmanex products to be sold in independently owned
pharmacies and drug stores meeting specified requirements. Distributors who own or are
employed by a service-related business such as a doctors office, hair salon or
health club may make products available to regular customers as long as products are not
displayed visibly to the general public in a manner to attract the general public into the
establishment to purchase products.
In
order to qualify for commission bonuses, our distributors generally must satisfy specific
requirements including achieving at least 100 points, which is approximately $100, in
personal sales volume per month. In addition, individual markets may have requirements
specific to that country based on regulatory concerns. For example, in the United States,
distributors must also:
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document
retail sales or customer connections to established numbers of retail customers; and |
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sell
and/or consume at least 80% of personal sales volume. |
We
systematically review reports of alleged distributor misbehavior. If we determine that one
of our distributors has violated any of our distributor policies or procedures, we may
terminate the distributors rights completely. Alternatively, we may impose sanctions
such as warnings, probation, withdrawal or denial of an award, suspension of privileges of
a distributorship, fines, withholding commissions until specified conditions are satisfied
or other appropriate injunctive relief. Except in Mainland China, our distributors are
independent contractors who may terminate their distributorship at any time.
Product
Guarantees. We believe that we are among the most consumer-protective companies in
the direct selling industry. While the regulations and our operations vary somewhat from
country to country, we generally follow a similar procedure for product returns. For 30
days from the date of purchase, our product return policy generally allows a retail
customer to return any Nu Skin or Pharmanex product to us directly or to the distributor
through whom the product was purchased for a full refund. After 30 days from the date of
purchase, the end users return privilege is in the discretion of the distributor.
Our distributors can generally return unused products directly to us for a 90% refund for
one year. Our experience with actual product returns has averaged less than 5% of annual
revenue through
2003.
Payment. Distributors
generally pay for products prior to shipment. Accordingly, we carry minimal
accounts receivable. Distributors typically pay for products in cash, by wire
transfer or by credit card. Cash, which represents a significant portion of all
payments, is received by order takers in the distribution centers when orders
are personally picked up by one of our distributors.
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Competition
Nu
Skin and Pharmanex Products. The markets for our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products
are highly competitive. Our competitors include manufacturers and marketers of personal
care and nutritional products, pharmaceutical companies and other direct selling
organizations, many of which have longer operating histories and greater name recognition
and financial resources than we do. We compete in these markets by emphasizing the
innovation, value and premium quality of our products and the convenience of our
distribution system.
Big
Planet Products and Services. The markets for our Big Planet products and
services are highly competitive. Many of our competitors for these products and services
have much greater name recognition and financial resources than we do. We compete in this
market by delivering products that are more user-friendly than those of our competitors,
developing unique features and product interfaces, partnering with leading technology
vendors whose competitive positioning can assist us, and leveraging our direct selling
channel strengths. The market for technology and telecommunication products is very price
sensitive. We rely on our ability to acquire quality and reliable services from vendors at
prices that allow our distributors to sell services at competitive prices and still
generate attractive commissions.
Direct
Selling Companies. We also compete with other direct selling organizations, some
of which have a longer operating history and higher visibility, name recognition and
financial resources than we do. The leading direct selling companies in our existing
markets are Avon and Alticor (Amway). We compete for new distributors on the strength of
our multiple business opportunities, product offerings, Global Compensation Plan,
management strength and appeal of our international operations. In order to successfully
compete in this market and attract and retain distributors, we must maintain the
attractiveness of our business opportunities to our distributors.
Intellectual Property
Our
major trademarks are registered in the United States and in each country where we operate
or have plans to operate, and we consider our trademark protection to be very important to
our business. Our major trademarks include Nu Skin, Pharmanex, Big Planet and
LifePak. In addition, a number of our products are based on proprietary
technologies and formulations, some of which are patented or licensed from third parties.
We also rely on trade secret protection to protect our proprietary formulas and know-how.
Our business is not substantially dependent on any single licensed technology from any
third party.
Government Regulation
Direct
Selling Activities. Direct selling activities are regulated by various federal,
state and local governmental agencies in the United States and foreign countries. These
laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes,
often referred to as pyramid schemes, that compensate participants for
recruiting additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high pressure
recruiting methods and/or do not involve legitimate products. The laws and regulations in
our current markets often:
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impose
cancellation/product return, inventory buy-backs and cooling off rights for consumers and
distributors; |
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require
us or our distributors to register with governmental agencies; |
-18-
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impose
reporting requirements; and |
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impose
upon us requirements, such as requiring distributors to maintain levels of retail sales
to qualify to receive commissions, to ensure that distributors are being compensated for
sales of products and not for recruiting new distributors. |
The
laws and regulations governing direct selling are modified from time to time. For example,
in South Korea new regulations were recently adopted that, among other things, restrict
multi-level marketing companies from imposing certain personal sales quotas to obtain or
maintain a distributorship or favorable compensation rates, modify product return
requirements so that products must be returned within a shorter period of time, and
require direct sales companies to show sufficient insurance or guarantee to reimburse
customers and/or distributors for cancelled or unfilled orders. We have had to make some
modifications to our compensation plan and policies to address some of these new rules.
Based on our research conducted in opening existing markets, the nature and scope of
inquiries from government regulatory authorities and our history of operations in those
markets to date, we believe that our method of distribution is in compliance in all
material respects with the laws and regulations relating to direct selling activities of
the countries in which we currently operate.
Because
Mainland China has restrictions on direct selling activities that prevent us from direct
selling products through independent contractors, we have implemented a retail store model
utilizing an employed sales force. The regulatory environment in Mainland China is
complex. Existing regulations are subject to discretionary interpretation by municipal and
provincial level regulators. Because of the governments significant concerns about
direct selling activities, it scrutinizes very closely activities of direct selling
companies and any activities that appear to suggest that direct selling activities are
occurring. Interpretations of what constitutes permissible activities by regulators can
vary from province to province and can change from time to time because of the lack of
clearly defined rules regarding direct selling activities. As government regulators have
reviewed and continue to review our retail business model in Mainland China, we expect
that they will provide ongoing recommendations and/or direction as to our method of
operations. Regulatory provisions require us to obtain a license for each store that we
operate in Mainland China, and regulators have broad discretion in approving these
licenses.
On January 8, 2003, we significantly expanded our operations in Mainland China, modified the remuneration
program for sales employees and began selling Nu Skin products. This activity stimulated heightened scrutiny by
both the media as well as government regulators regarding our method of operation and the activities of some
distributors residing outside of Mainland China. The government inquiries into our business have been largely
focused on whether or not we are engaging in any direct selling activities in Mainland China. At times, these
reviews and related actions by government regulators have caused, and could cause in the future, an obstruction
to our ability to conduct business, and have resulted in several cases in minor fines being paid by our Company.
Fewer than 10% of our stores in Mainland China have been affected by these temporary obstructions. In each of
these cases, we have been allowed to recommence operations after the government's review. For a more detailed
discussion of the risks to our business associated with our operations in China, please refer to the section
below entitled, "Risk Factors".
Regulators
also periodically provide guidance and direction on certain aspects of our operations.
This guidance has led to minor modifications in the method of remuneration for some of our
sales employees and the size of the training meetings for sales employees. Additionally,
regulators have expressed some concerns about the number of sales employees per store in
some locations and have recommended that we
-19-
work to have a reasonable number of sales
employees per store and focus in the near term on increasing the productivity of our sales
employees rather than increasing the number of sales employees in each store. We have made
and continue to make modifications to our operations to incorporate this guidance into our
operations.
We
anticipate that our business in Mainland China will continue to be scrutinized by the
government, due principally to our direct selling model used in other markets as well as
growth in revenue there. We also expect to receive continued guidance and direction as we
work with regulators to address their concerns. We anticipate fully complying with the
direction we receive as we work to establish a regulatory foundation from which we can
build a long-term successful business in Mainland China. Because of the similar experience
of direct selling companies in this market, we have expected such reviews and prepared for
this level of scrutiny. We believe that such reviews at an early stage in our business
will lead to a better understanding of our business in the long term. Additionally, we
anticipate that in the next several years, new laws and regulations will be established
that we believe will have a positive impact on our business. In connection with its
admission to the World Trade Organization, Mainland China has agreed to establish
regulations regarding sales away from fixed locations by December 2004. We are uncertain,
however, as to what specific impact these regulations will have on our business there.
Regulation
of Our Products. Our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products and related promotional and
marketing activities are subject to extensive governmental regulation by numerous domestic
and foreign governmental agencies and authorities, including the FDA, the FTC, the
Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the United States Department of Agriculture in the
United States, State Attorneys General and other state regulatory agencies, and the
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan and similar government agencies in each
market in which we operate. For example, in Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor and
Welfare requires us to have an import business license and to register each personal care
product imported into Japan. We must also reformulate many products to satisfy other
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare regulations. In Taiwan, all medicated
cosmetic and pharmaceutical products require registration. These regulations can limit our
ability to import products into our markets and can delay introductions of new products
into markets as we go through the registration and approval process for our products. The
sale of cosmetic products is regulated in the European Union member states under the
European Union Cosmetics Directive, which requires a uniform application for foreign
companies making personal care product sales.
Our
Pharmanex products are strictly regulated in the markets in which we operate. These
markets have varied regulations that apply to and distinguish nutritional health
supplements from drugs or pharmaceutical products. For example,
our products are regulated by the FDA of the United States under the Federal Food, Drug
and Cosmetic Act. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act has been amended several times
with respect to nutritional supplements, most recently by the Nutrition Labeling and
Education Act and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. The Dietary Supplement
Health and Education Act establishes rules for determining whether a product is a dietary
supplement. Under this statute, dietary supplements are regulated more like foods than
drugs, are not subject to the food additive provisions of the law, and are generally not
required to obtain regulatory approval prior to being introduced to the market. None of
this infringes, however, upon the FDAs power to remove an unsafe substance from the
market. In the event a product, or an ingredient in a product, is classified as a drug or
pharmaceutical product in any market, we will generally not be able to distribute that
product in that market through our distribution channel because of strict restrictions
applicable to drug and pharmaceutical products. On August 1, 2003, the EU Food Supplements
Directive, aiming to harmonize
-20-
the regulation of vitamins and minerals within nations of
the European Union, entered into force. However, such harmonization may not be fully
realized because of the Directives current exclusion of upper and lower levels as
well as some sources of ingredients. Moreover, the legality of the Directive is being
challenged in the UK courts. Other EU initiatives which may affect the marketing of our
Pharmanex products are the proposed Regulation on Nutrition and Health Claims, the
amendment of the existing Medicinal Products Directive to include traditional herbal
medical products and to extend the definition of medicinal products to all
pharmacological, immunilogical and metabolic action.
Most
of our existing major markets also regulate product claims and advertising regarding the
types of claims and representations that can be made regarding the efficacy of products,
particularly dietary supplements. Accordingly, these regulations can limit our ability and
that of our distributors to inform consumers of the full benefits of our products. For
example, in the United States, we are unable to make any claim that any of our nutritional
supplements will diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat or prevent disease. The Dietary
Supplement Health and Education Act, however, permits substantiated, truthful and
non-misleading statements of nutritional support to be made in labeling, such as
statements describing general well-being resulting from consumption of a dietary
ingredient or the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient in affecting or maintaining a
structure or a function of the body. In addition, all product claims must be
substantiated. In Japan, our nutritional supplements are marketed as food products, which
significantly limits our ability to make claims regarding the products.
To
date, we have not experienced any difficulty maintaining our import licenses, but we have
experienced complications regarding food and drug regulations for our nutritional
products. Many of our products have required reformulation to comply with local
requirements. In addition, in Europe there is no uniform legislation governing the
manufacture and sale of nutritional products. Complex legislation governing the
manufacturing and sale of nutritional products in Europe has inhibited our ability to gain
quick access to this market for our nutritional supplements. Recently, we have started to
expand our nutritional product offering into more European markets by either reformulating
existing products or developing new products to comply with local regulations.
In
the United States, we are also subject to a consent decree with the FTC and various state
regulatory agencies arising out of investigations that occurred in the 1990s of certain
alleged unsubstantiated product and earnings claims made by our distributors. The consent
decree requires us to, among other things, supplement our procedures to enforce our
policies, not allow our distributors to make earnings representations without making
certain average earnings disclosures, and not allow our distributors to make
unsubstantiated product claims.
Other
Regulatory Issues. As a United States entity operating through subsidiaries in
foreign jurisdictions, we are subject to foreign exchange control and transfer pricing
laws that regulate the flow of funds between our subsidiaries and us for product
purchases, management services and contractual obligations such as the payment of
distributor commissions. We believe that we are operating in compliance with all
applicable foreign exchange control and transfer pricing laws.
As
is the case with most companies that operate in our product categories, we receive
inquiries from government regulatory authorities, from time to time, regarding the nature
of our business and other issues such as compliance with local direct selling, transfer
pricing, customs, taxation, foreign exchange control, securities and other laws. Although
to date none of these inquiries has resulted in a finding materially adverse to us,
negative publicity resulting from inquiries into our operations by United States and state
government agencies in the early 1990s, stemming in part from alleged inappropriate
product
-21-
and earnings claims by distributors, and in the late 1990s resulting from adverse
media attention in South Korea, harmed our business and results of operations.
Employees
As
of December 31, 2003, we had approximately 7,158 full- and part-time employees,
approximately 3,100 of whom are employed full-time sales representatives in our Mainland
China operations. We also had labor contracts with an additional 9,122 potential new sales
representatives, only a small percentage of whom are expected to complete the
qualification process and become full-time sales representatives. None of our employees
are represented by a union or other collective bargaining group, with the exception of the
limited number of employees involved in our operations in Brazil. We believe that our
relationship with employees is good, and we do not currently foresee a shortage in
qualified personnel necessary to operate our business.
Available Information
Our
Internet address is www.nuskinenterprises.com. We make available free of charge on
or through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form
10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished
pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to,
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements. Certain statements made in this
filing under the caption Item 1- Business are forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the Exchange Act). In addition, when used in this Report the words
or phrases will likely result, expect, intend,
will continue, anticipate, estimate,
project, believe and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Exchange Act.
Forward-looking
statements include plans and objectives of management for future operations, including
plans and objectives relating to our products and future economic performance in countries
where it operates. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and
are based on certain assumptions that may not be realized. Actual results and outcomes may
differ materially from those discussed or anticipated. We assume no responsibility or
obligation to update these statements to reflect any changes. The forward-looking
statements and associated risks set forth herein relate to, among other things:
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the
expectation that our relationship with our current primary suppliers will not end in the
near term, and the belief that we could produce or source our personal care products from
other suppliers and expand manufacturing capabilities in China, and replace our primary
suppliers of Pharmanex products without great difficulty or increased cost; |
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our
plans to continue developing new products and improving and evolving our existing product
formulations; |
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our
plans to commit significant resources to research and development in the future; |
-22-
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our
plans to continue to enter and expand new markets and to successfully operate a retail
business in China; |
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our
belief that China will become one of the largest direct selling markets in the world over
the next several years and our anticipation that we will be able to successfully navigate
the regulatory challenges in this market; |
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our
plans to launch the scanner in our international markets to promote Pharmanex products; |
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our
belief that Eastern Europe will be among the fastest growing direct selling regions in
the world and our intended expansion of operations across Eastern Europe; and |
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our
belief that we are in material compliance with applicable laws and regulations in the
countries in which we operate. |
These
and other forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties
including those described below under Risk Factors and in Item
7-Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.
Risk Factors
We
face a number of substantial risks. Our business, financial condition or results of
operations could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock
could decline due to any of these risks, and they should be considered in connection with
the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risk factors
should be read together with Item 7-Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Currency exchange rate
fluctuations could lower our revenue and net income.
In
2003, we recognized approximately 89% of our revenue in markets outside of the United
States in each markets respective local currency. We purchase inventory primarily in
the United States in U.S. dollars. In preparing our financial statements, we translate
revenue and expenses in foreign countries from their local currencies into U.S. dollars
using weighted average exchange rates. If the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to local
currencies, particularly the Japanese yen inasmuch as we generated approximately 57% of
our 2003 revenue in Japan, our reported revenue, gross profit and net income will likely
be reduced. Given our inability to predict the degree of exchange rate fluctuations, we
cannot estimate the effect these fluctuations may have upon future reported results or our
overall financial condition. Although we attempt to reduce our exposure to short-term
exchange rate fluctuations by using foreign currency exchange contracts for the Japanese
yen, we cannot be certain these contracts or any other hedging activity will effectively
reduce exchange rate exposure.
Because our Japanese operations
account for a majority of our business, any adverse changes in our business operations in
Japan would harm our business.
Approximately
57% of our 2003 revenue was generated in Japan. Various factors could harm our business in
Japan, such as worsening economic conditions. Economic conditions in Japan have been poor
in recent years and may worsen or not improve. Many of our competitors have seen their
businesses contract in the last few years. The volume of goods sold through the direct
selling channel has decreased
-23-
from $26.2 billion in 1998 to approximately $24.5 billion in
2002, we believe primarily as a result of difficult economic conditions. We believe our
operating results have been negatively impacted in the past in part because of economic
conditions. Continued or worsening economic and political conditions in Japan could
further impact our revenue and net income. In addition, we also face significant
competition from existing and new competitors in Japan. Our financial results would be
harmed if our products, business opportunity or planned growth initiatives fail to retain
and generate continued interest and enthusiasm among our distributors and consumers in
this market.
If we are unable to retain our
existing independent distributors and recruit additional distributors, our revenue will
not increase and may even decline.
We
distribute almost all of our products through our independent distributors, and we depend
on them to generate virtually all of our revenue. Our distributors may terminate their
services at any time, and, like most direct selling companies, we experience high turnover
among distributors from year to year. As a result, in order to maintain sales and increase
sales in the future, we need to continue to retain existing distributors and recruit
additional distributors. To increase our revenue, we must increase the number of and/or
the productivity of our distributors.
We
have experienced periodic declines in both active distributors and executive distributors
in the past. Our growth depends upon our ability to increase the number of active
distributors and executive distributors. However, the number of our active and executive
distributors may not increase and could decline once again in the future. While we take
many steps to help train, motivate and retain distributors, we cannot accurately predict
how the number and productivity of distributors may fluctuate because we rely primarily
upon our distributor leaders to recruit, train and motivate new distributors. Our
operating results could be harmed if we and our distributor leaders fail to generate
sufficient interest in our business to retain existing distributors and attract new
distributors.
The number and productivity of our distributors also depends on several additional
factors, including:
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any
adverse publicity regarding us, our products, our distribution channel or our competitors; |
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a
lack of interest in, or the technical failure of, existing or new products; |
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the
public's perception of our products and their ingredients; |
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the
public's perception of our distributors and direct selling businesses in general; and |
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general
economic and business conditions. |
In addition, we may face saturation or maturity levels in a given country or market. This
is of particular concern in Taiwan, where industry sources have estimated that over 10% of
the population is already involved in some form of direct selling. The maturity of several
of our markets could also affect our ability to attract and retain distributors in those
markets.
-24-
Our expansion of operations in
China has resulted in governmental scrutiny, and our operations in China may be harmed by
the results of such scrutiny.
The
Chinese government banned direct selling activities in China in 1998, subject to certain
limited exceptions. The government has rigorously monitored and enforced this ban. In the
past, the government has taken significant actions against companies that the government
found were engaging in direct selling in violation of applicable law, including shutting
down their businesses and imposing substantial fines. Although a few of our global direct
selling competitors have authorization to conduct limited direct selling activities after
the 1998 ban, we have not received such authorization. Consequently, we have not
implemented our direct sales model in China. Instead, we have implemented a business model
that utilizes retail stores and an employed sales force that we believe complies with
applicable regulations. We also allow distributor leaders from outside of China to help us
recruit, find, train and motivate our employed sales force in China. Frequently,
individuals, including our competitors, complain to local regulatory agencies that our
China business model violates applicable regulations on direct selling. As a result, we
regularly visit with regulators to address their questions and concerns and explain our
local business model. We also use our best efforts to train our China sales force on our
business model.
The
regulatory environment in China is evolving, and officials in the Chinese government often
exercise discretion in deciding how to interpret and apply applicable regulations. We have
made some modifications to our business model and policies in response to concerns
expressed by governmental authorities prior to and since we opened for business in January
2003. At times, these reviews and related actions by government regulators have caused,
and could cause in the future, obstructions to our ability to
conduct business, and have resulted in several cases in minor fines being paid by us.
Occasionally, we have been asked to cease sales activity in some stores
while the regulators review our operations. In each of these cases, we have been allowed
to recommence operations after the governments review.
In
addition, some of our distributors living outside of China and some of our employed sales
representatives in China have engaged in activities that violated our policies in this
market and resulted in some regulatory concern and some adverse publicity. Although we
have worked closely with both national and local governmental agencies in implementing our
plans, our efforts to comply with local laws may be harmed by a rapidly evolving
regulatory climate, concerns about activities resembling direct selling and any subjective
interpretation of laws. Any determination that our operations or activities, or the
activities of our employed sales representatives or distributors living outside of China,
are not in compliance with applicable regulations could result in the imposition of
substantial fines, extended interruptions of business, restrictions on our ability to open
new stores or expand into new locations, changes to our business model, the termination of
required licenses to conduct business, or other actions, all of which would harm our
business.
If regulators prevent us from
hiring sales employees or opening new stores in China as quickly as we would like, our
ability to grow our business there could be negatively impacted.
Because
of concerns about the potential number of sales employees we could hire in some cities,
regulators in a few cities in China initially recommended that we maintain a reasonable
level of sales employees per store. If the level of employees that regulators determine to
be reasonable is less than we anticipate or believe reasonable, or if regulators otherwise
impose restrictions on the number of sales employees we may hire, our revenue could be
negatively impacted, which could reduce our revenue or slow our growth rate in China.
Additionally, regulatory provisions require us to obtain a license for each store that we
operate in China, and regulators have broad discretion in approving these licenses. If
-25-
regulators fail to approve licenses for new stores at a rate that meets our growth
demands, this could harm our growth potential.
If we are unable to successfully
manage rapid growth in China, our operations may be harmed.
As
a result of Chinese regulations prohibiting us from implementing our direct selling model
in China, we have opened over 100 of our own retail stores and hired a large and rapidly
growing employed sales force. In addition, due to import restrictions in China, we have
built and operate our own manufacturing plant to produce the products that we sell in our
stores in China. We have spent approximately $10 million to date building our stores
and factory and expect to spend an additional $7 to $10 million in the next year. We
have limited experience in operating manufacturing facilities and dealing with an employed
sales force, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully manage rapid
expansion of manufacturing operations and a rapidly growing and dynamic sales force. We
also can not assure you that we will not experience difficulties in dealing with or taking
employment related actions (such as hiring, terminations and salary administration,
including social benefit payments) with respect to our employed sales representatives,
particularly given the highly regulated nature of the employment relationship in China. If
we are unable to effectively manage such growth and expansion of our retail stores,
manufacturing operations or our employees, our government relations may be compromised and
our operations in China may be harmed.
Intellectual property rights are
difficult to enforce in China.
Chinese
commercial law is relatively undeveloped compared to most of our other major markets, and,
as a result, we may have limited legal recourse in the event we encounter significant
difficulties with patent or trademark infringers. Limited protection of intellectual
property is available under Chinese law, and the local manufacturing of our products may
subject us to an increased risk that unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise
obtain or use our product formulations. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be
able to adequately protect our product formulations.
Manufacturing and production cost
issues associated with our laser-based scanner could negatively impact the success of our
scanner program and our ability to make a sufficient number of scanners available to
interested distributors, which could harm our business.
Our
introduction of a laser-based scanner that measures the levels of caratenoid antioxidants
in the skin has generated considerable enthusiasm among some of our distributors,
particularly in the United States. We have not had experience in developing, manufacturing
and marketing sophisticated technology products such as the scanner. As with any new
technology, we have experienced delays and technical and production cost issues in
developing a large-scale production model that meets required specifications and performs
at a consistent level. We are currently only manufacturing 40 to 50 units each week at a
cost of approximately $7,500 per unit. If we are unable to timely resolve technical issues
or otherwise fail to deliver scanners that perform to a standard expected by our
distributors or if we are unable to make a sufficient number of scanners available to
interested distributors at reasonable lease rates, we could dampen distributor enthusiasm
and harm our business, particularly in the United States where many distributors have been
focusing their marketing activities around the introduction of the scanner. Because of the
substantial investment in the scanner initiative, we may not be able to recoup our
investment or may have to record an expense that would negatively impact earnings if the
scanner program fails for any reason.
-26-
If our laser-based scanner is
determined to be a medical device in a particular geographic market, this could inhibit or
delay our ability to market the scanner in such market.
We
believe that our laser-based scanner can be marketed in the United States as a non-medical
device. However, the FDA has questioned the status of the scanner as a non-medical device.
If the FDA were to make a determination that the scanner is a medical device, or if it
determines that our distributors are using the scanner to make medical claims, we would be
required to obtain FDA clearance to market the scanner as a medical device, which could
delay significantly or otherwise inhibit our ability and the ability of our distributors
to use the scanner in the United States. In addition, we are facing similar uncertainties
and regulatory issues in other markets, including Japan, with respect to the status of the
scanner as a non-medical device, which could delay or inhibit our ability to introduce the
scanner in these markets.
Although
we are in the process of preparing an application for FDA clearance to market the scanner
as a medical device in the United States in the event such clearance is required,
obtaining FDA clearance or similar clearance in other markets could require us to provide
documentation concerning the clinical utility of the scanner and to make some
modifications to the design, specifications and manufacturing process of the scanner in
order to meet stringent standards imposed on medical device companies. There can be no
assurance we would be able to provide such documentation and make such changes promptly or
in a manner that is satisfactory to regulatory authorities. We are also subject to
regulatory restrictions that limit the claims or representations that we and our
distributors can make about the scanner because we are not using it as a medical device,
which could adversely impact our success in utilizing the scanner. Any delay, restriction
or limitation of our anticipated use of this tool caused by regulatory issues could harm
our business, particularly in the United States where we have experienced the strongest
interest in the scanner.
Governmental regulations relating
to the marketing and advertising of our products and services, in particular our
nutritional supplements, may restrict or inhibit our ability to sell these products.
Our
products and our related marketing and advertising efforts are subject to extensive
governmental regulations by numerous domestic and foreign governmental agencies and
authorities. These include the FDA, the FTC, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and
the Department of Agriculture in the United States, State Attorneys General and other
state regulatory agencies and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan along
with similar governmental agencies in other foreign markets where we operate. We also
believe that the regulatory attitude towards dietary supplements in the United States,
Japan and other markets is worsening.
Our
markets have varied regulations concerning product formulation, labeling, packaging and
importation. These laws and regulations often require us to, among other things:
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reformulate
products for a specific market to meet the specific product formulation laws of that
country; |
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conform
product labeling to the regulations in each country; and |
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register
or qualify products with the applicable governmental authority or obtain necessary
approvals or file necessary notifications for the marketing of our products. |
-27-
Failure
to introduce products or delays in introducing products could reduce revenue and decrease
profitability. Regulators also may prohibit us from making therapeutic claims about
products, regardless of the existence of research and independent studies that may support
such claims. These product claim restrictions could prevent us from realizing the
potential revenue from some of our products.
The recent discovery of Bovine
Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly referred to as Mad Cow Disease, in
the United States could harm our business if we are not able to successfully implement
contingency plans to address regulatory issues surrounding BSE.
Some
countries, including Japan, have banned the importation or sale of products that contain
bovine materials sourced from locations where BSE has been identified. Approximately 90%
of our Pharmanex revenue, accounting for over 40% of our total revenue, is generated from
products that are encapsulated in gel capsules that are currently produced with bovine
materials. We have recently been sourcing substantially all of our bovine materials, used
primarily in the gel capsules of our nutritional supplements, from India and the United
States, which were both BSE-free countries. At the end of December 2003, a single cow
imported from Canada into the United States was found to have BSE, which has prompted some
countries to temporarily suspend imports of beef and bovine related products from the
United States as they review the situation. We have implemented alternative production
plans to utilize gelatin capsules sourced from BSE-free countries or non-bovine gelatin
capsules, and produce certain products in tablet form, which we believe will allow us to
avoid material stock outages of our major products. If we experience production
difficulties, quality control problems, or shortages in supply, this could result in stock
outages of key products or customer satisfaction issues, which could harm our business. In
the event that the BSE issue is not resolved satisfactorily in the United States in a
timely manner or if BSE becomes an issue in other countries, this could result in
additional risk of product shortages or write-offs of inventory that no longer can be
used. In addition, our business could be harmed if consumers become unduly concerned about
the risks of BSE with respect to our bovine-sourced gelatin capsules or, alternatively, if
consumers react negatively to our switching from capsules to tablets on some products as
part of our contingency plans.
The sources and ingredients of our
products are also subject to additional governmental regulations by numerous domestic and
foreign governmental agencies and authorities regarding product ingredients. We may be
unable to introduce our products in some markets if we fail to obtain the necessary
regulatory approvals or if any product ingredients are prohibited, which could harm our
business.
Recent
negative publicity concerning stimulant-based supplements have spurred efforts to change
existing laws and regulations with respect to nutritional supplements that, if successful,
could result in more restrictive and burdensome regulations. There have been some recent
injuries and deaths that have been attributed to the use of nutritional supplements that
contain ingredients that are controversial and have generated negative publicity. This
publicity has resulted in efforts to adopt new regulations applicable to nutritional
supplements that could impose further restrictions and regulatory controls over the
nutritional supplement industry. Although we are committed not to market nutritional
supplements that contain any stimulants, steroids or other substances that are
controversial and could pose health risks, our operations could be harmed if governmental
laws or regulations are enacted that restrict the ability of companies to market or
distribute nutritional supplements or impose additional burdens or requirements on
nutritional supplement companies as a result of public reaction to the recent injuries and
deaths caused by supplements that do contain these controversial ingredients.
-28-
If we are unable to expand
operations in any of the new markets we have currently targeted, we may have difficulty
achieving our long-term objectives.
A
significant percentage of our revenue growth over the past decade has been attributable to
our expansion into new markets. For example, the revenue growth we experienced in recent
years was due in part to our successful expansion of operations into Singapore, Malaysia
and Mainland China. Moreover, our growth over the next several years depends on our
ability to successfully introduce our products and our distribution system into new
markets, including further development of Mainland China and Eastern Europe. In addition
to the regulatory difficulties we may face in gaining access into these new markets, we
could face difficulties in achieving acceptance of our premium-priced products in
developing markets. In the past, we have struggled to operate successfully in developing
country markets, such as Latin America. This may also be the case in Eastern Europe and
the other new markets into which we currently intend to expand. If we are unable to
successfully expand our operations into these new markets, our opportunities to grow our
business may be limited, and, as a result, we may not be able to achieve our long-term
objectives.
Adverse publicity concerning our
business, marketing plan or products could harm our business and reputation.
The
size of our distribution force and the results of our operations can be particularly
impacted by adverse publicity regarding us, the legality of our distributor network, our
products or the actions of our distributors. Specifically, we are susceptible to adverse
publicity concerning:
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suspicions
about the legality of network marketing; |
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the
ingredients or safety of our or our competitors' products; |
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regulatory
investigations of us, our competitors and our respective products; |
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the
actions of our current or former distributors; and |
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public
perceptions of direct selling businesses generally. |
In
addition, in the past we have experienced negative publicity that has harmed our business
in connection with regulatory investigations and inquiries. We may receive negative
publicity in the future, and it may harm our business and reputation.
Although our distributors are
independent contractors, improper distributor actions that violate laws or regulations
could harm our business.
Distributor
activities in our existing markets that violate governmental laws or regulations could
result in governmental actions against us in markets where we operate. Except in China,
our distributors are not employees and act independently of us. We implement strict
policies and procedures to ensure our distributors will comply with legal requirements.
However, given the size of our distributor force, we experience problems with distributors
from time to time. For example, product claims made by some of our distributors in 1990
and 1991 led to an investigation by the FTC, which resulted in our entering into a consent
decree with the FTC as described below.
-29-
Failure of new products to gain
distributor and market acceptance could harm our business.
A
critical component of our business is our ability to develop new products that create
enthusiasm among our distributor force. If we fail to introduce new products planned for
introduction, our distributor productivity could be harmed. In addition, if any new
products fail to gain market acceptance, are restricted by regulatory requirements or have
quality problems, this would harm our results of operations. Factors that could affect our
ability to continue to introduce new products include, among others, government
regulations, the loss of key research and development staff from our divisions, the
termination of third party research and collaborative arrangements, proprietary
protections of competitors that may limit our ability to offer comparable products and any
failure to anticipate changes in consumer tastes and buying preferences.
Government inquiries,
investigations and actions could harm our business.
From
time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from various government regulatory
authorities about our business and our compliance with local laws and regulations. Any
determination that we or our distributors are not in compliance with existing laws or
regulations could potentially harm our business. Even if governmental actions do not
result in rulings or orders, they potentially could create negative publicity. Negative
publicity could detrimentally affect our efforts to recruit or motivate distributors and
attract customers and, consequently, could reduce revenue and net income.
In
the early 1990s, we entered into voluntary consent agreements with the FTC and other state
regulatory agencies relating to investigations of our distributors product claims
and practices. These investigations centered around allegedly unsubstantiated product and
earnings claims made by some of our distributors. We believe that the negative publicity
generated by this FTC action, as well as a subsequent action in the mid-1990s related to
unsubstantiated product claims, harmed our business and results of operations in the
United States. Pursuant to the consent decrees, we agreed, among other things, to
supplement our procedures to enforce our policies, to not allow distributors to make
earnings representations without making additional disclosures relating to average
earnings and to not make, or allow our distributors to make, product claims that were not
substantiated. We have taken various actions, including implementing a more generous
inventory buy-back policy, publishing average distributor earnings information,
supplementing our procedures for enforcing our policies, and reviewing distributor product
sales aids, to address the issues raised by the FTC and state agencies in these
investigations. As a result of the previous investigations, the FTC makes inquiries from
time to time regarding our compliance with applicable laws and regulations and our consent
decree. Any further actions by the FTC or other comparable state or federal regulatory
agencies, in the United States or abroad, could have a further negative impact on us in
the future.
In
addition, we are susceptible to government-initiated campaigns that do not rise to the
level of formal regulations. For example, the South Korean government, several South
Korean trade groups and members of the South Korean media initiated campaigns in 1997 and
1998 urging South Korean consumers not to purchase luxury or foreign goods. We believe
that these campaigns and the related media attention they received, together with the
economic recession that occurred in the late 1990s in the South Korean economy,
significantly harmed our South Korean business. We cannot assure you that similar
government, trade group or media actions will not occur again in South Korea or in other
countries where we operate or that such events will not similarly harm our operations.
-30-
The loss of key high-level
distributors could negatively impact our distributor growth and our revenue.
As
of December 31, 2003, we had approximately 678,000 active distributors and 29,000
executive distributors. Approximately 385 distributors currently occupy the highest
distributor level under our Global Compensation Plan. These distributors, together with
their extensive networks of downline distributors, account for substantially all of our
revenue. As a result, the loss of a high-level distributor or a group of leading
distributors in the distributors network of downline distributors, whether by their
own choice or through disciplinary actions by us for violations of our policies and
procedures, could negatively impact our distributor growth and our revenue.
Laws and regulations may prohibit
or severely restrict our direct sales efforts and cause our revenue and profitability to
decline.
Various
government agencies throughout the world regulate direct sales practices. These laws and
regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often
referred to as pyramid schemes, that compensate participants for recruiting
additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high pressure recruiting
methods and/or do not involve legitimate products. The laws and regulations in our current
markets often:
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impose
order cancellations, product returns, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off rights for
consumers and distributors; |
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require
us or our distributors to register with governmental agencies; |
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impose
reporting requirements to regulatory agencies; and/or |
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require
us to ensure that distributors are not being compensated based upon the recruitment of
new distributors. |
Complying
with these widely varying and sometimes inconsistent rules and regulations can be
difficult and require the devotion of significant resources on our part. If we are unable
to continue business in existing markets or commence operations in new markets because of
these laws, our revenue and profitability will decline. Countries where we currently do
business could change their laws or regulations to negatively affect or prohibit
completely direct sales efforts. In addition, government agencies and courts in the
countries where we operate may use their powers and discretion in interpreting and
applying laws in a manner that limits our ability to operate or otherwise harms our
business. If any governmental authority were to bring a regulatory enforcement action
against us that interrupts our business, revenue and earnings would likely suffer.
Challenges by private parties to
the form of our network marketing system could harm our business.
We
may be subject to challenges by private parties, including our distributors, to the form
of our network marketing system or elements of our business. In the United States, the
network marketing industry and regulatory authorities have generally relied on the
implementation of distributor rules and policies designed to promote retail sales to
protect consumers and to prevent inappropriate activities and to distinguish between
legitimate network marketing distribution plans and unlawful pyramid schemes.
-31-
We have
adopted rules and policies based on case law, rulings of the FTC, discussions with
regulatory authorities in several states and domestic and global industry standards. Legal
and regulatory requirements concerning network marketing systems, however, involve a high
level of subjectivity, are inherently fact-based and are subject to judicial
interpretation. Because of the foregoing, we can provide no assurance that we would not be
harmed by the application or interpretation of statutes or regulations governing network
marketing, particularly in any civil challenge by a current or former distributor.
Increases in duties on our
imported products in our markets outside of the United States could reduce our revenue and
harm our competitive position.
Historically,
we have imported most of our products into the countries in which they are ultimately
sold. These countries impose various legal restrictions on imports and typically impose
duties on our products. In any given country, regulators may increase duties on imports
and, as a result, reduce our profitability and harm our competitive position relative to
locally produced goods.
Governmental authorities may
question our inter-company transfer pricing policies or change their laws in a manner that
could increase our effective tax rate or otherwise harm our business.
As
a U.S. company doing business in international markets through subsidiaries, we are
subject to foreign tax and inter-company pricing laws, including those relating to the
flow of funds between our company and our subsidiaries. Regulators in the United States
and in foreign markets closely monitor our corporate structure and how we effect
inter-company fund transfers. If regulators challenge our corporate structure, transfer
pricing mechanisms or inter-company transfers, our operations may be harmed, and our
effective tax rate may increase. Tax rates vary from country to country, and, if
regulators determine that our profits in one jurisdiction may need to be increased, we may
not be able to fully utilize all foreign tax credits that are generated, which will
increase our effective tax rate. For example, our corporate income tax rate in the United
States is 35%. If our profitability in a higher tax jurisdiction, such as Japan where the
corporate tax rate is currently set at 42%, increases disproportionately to the rest of
our business, our effective tax rate may increase. We cannot assure you that we will
continue operating in compliance with all applicable customs, exchange control and
transfer pricing laws, despite our efforts to be aware of and comply with such laws. If
these laws change, we may need to adjust our operating procedures and our business may
suffer.
The loss of suppliers could harm
our business.
For
approximately ten years, we have acquired ingredients and products from one unaffiliated
supplier that currently manufactures approximately 39% of our Nu Skin personal care
products. We currently rely on two unaffiliated suppliers, one of which supplies
approximately 39% and the other of which supplies approximately 28% of our Pharmanex
nutritional supplements. We obtain some of our nutritional supplements from sole suppliers
in China. We also license the right to distribute some of our products from third parties.
Because of the concentrated nature of our suppliers and manufacturers, the loss of any of
these suppliers or manufacturers, or the failure of suppliers to meet our needs, could
restrict our ability to produce or distribute some products and harm our revenue as a
result.
-32-
We depend on our key personnel,
and the loss of the services provided by any of our executive officers or other key
employees could harm our business and results of operations.
Our
success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our senior
management, many of whom would be difficult to replace. These employees may voluntarily
terminate their employment with us at any time. We may not be able to successfully retain
existing personnel or identify, hire and integrate new personnel. We do not carry key
person insurance for any of our personnel. While we have signed offer letters from most of
our senior executives, we only have one formal employment agreement with Joseph Chang,
President of Pharmanex. Takashi Bamba, President of Nu Skin Japan, retired at the end of
2003 and was replaced by Robert Conlee, President of our North Asia region. If we lose the
services of our executive officers or key employees for any reason, our business,
financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
Our markets are intensely
competitive, and market conditions and the strengths of competitors may harm our business.
The
markets for our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products are intensely competitive. Our results of
operations may be harmed by market conditions and competition in the future. Many
competitors have much greater name recognition and financial resources than we have, which
may give them a competitive advantage. For example, our Nu Skin products compete directly
with branded, premium retail products. We also compete with other direct selling
organizations. The leading direct selling companies in our existing markets are Avon and
Alticor (Amway). We currently do not have significant patent or other proprietary
protection, and our competitors may introduce products with the same ingredients that we
use in our products. Because of regulatory restrictions concerning claims about the
efficacy of dietary supplements, we may have difficulty differentiating our products from
our competitors products, and competing products entering the nutritional market
could harm our nutritional supplement revenue.
We
also compete with other network marketing companies for distributors. Some of these
competitors have a longer operating history and greater visibility, name recognition and
financial resources than we do. Some of our competitors have also adopted and could
continue to adopt some of our successful business strategies, including our Global
Compensation Plan for distributors. Consequently, to successfully compete in this market
and attract and retain distributors, we must ensure that our business opportunities and
compensation plans are financially rewarding. We cannot assure you that we will be able to
successfully compete in this market.
There is uncertainty whether the
SARS epidemic could return, particularly in those Asian markets most affected by the
epidemic in 2003.
It
is difficult to predict the impact, if any, of a recurrence of a SARS epidemic on our
business. Although such an event could generate increased sales of health/immune
supplements and certain personal care products, our direct selling and retail activities
and results of operations could be harmed if the fear of SARS or other communicable
diseases that spread rapidly in densely populated areas causes people to avoid public
places and interaction with one another.
Product liability claims could
harm our business.
We
may be required to pay for losses or injuries purportedly caused by our products. Although
we have had a very limited product claims history, we have recently experienced difficulty
in finding insurers
-33-
that are willing to provide product liability coverage at reasonable
rates due to insurance industry trends and the rising cost of insurance generally. As a
result, we have elected to self-insure our product liability risks for our core product
lines. Until we elect and are able to obtain product liability insurance, if any of our
products are found to cause any injury or damage, we will be subject to the full amount of
liability associated with any injuries or damages. This liability could be substantial. We
cannot predict if and when product liability insurance will be available to us on
reasonable terms.
System failures could harm our
business.
Because
of our diverse geographic operations and our complex distributor compensation plan, our
business is highly dependent on efficiently functioning information technology systems.
These systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fires,
earthquakes, telecommunications failures and other events. They are also subject to
break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and similar misconduct. In April 2002,
we adopted a Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery Plan, which is in the process of being
implemented. All of our data sets are archived and stored at third party, secure sites,
but we have not contracted for a third party recovery site. Despite any precautions, the
occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems could result in
interruptions in services and reduce our revenue and profits.
The market price of our Class A
common stock is subject to significant fluctuations due to a number of factors that are
beyond our control.
Our
Class A common stock closed at $8.99 per share on March 1, 2002 and closed at $19.15 per
share on February 27, 2004. During this two-year period, our Class A common stock traded
as low as $7.10 per share and as high as $20.61 per share. Many factors could cause the
market price of our Class A common stock to fall. Some of these factors include:
|
|
|
fluctuations
in our quarterly operating results; |
|
|
|
the
sale of shares of Class A common stock by our original or significant stockholders; |
|
|
|
general
trends in the market for our products; |
|
|
|
acquisitions
by us or our competitors; |
|
|
|
economic
and/or currency exchange issues in those foreign countries in which we operate; |
|
|
|
changes
in estimates of our operating performance or changes in recommendations by securities
analysts; and |
|
|
|
general
business and political conditions. |
Broad
market fluctuations could also lower the market price of our Class A common stock
regardless of our actual operating performance.
-34-
Our original stockholders,
together with their family members, estate planning entities and affiliates, control
approximately 44% of the combined stockholder voting power, and their interests may be
different from yours.
Prior
to October 2003, the original stockholders of our Company, together with their family
members and affiliates, collectively owned more than 90% of the combined voting power of
the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. These
stockholders held all of the outstanding Class B common stock, which has ten-to-one voting
privileges over shares of the Class A common stock. In connection with a stock repurchases
transaction in October 2003, these stockholders agreed to convert all of their Class B
common stock into Class A common stock.
However,
this original stockholders group, together with their family members and affiliates,
continue to have the ability to influence the election and removal of the board of
directors and, as a result, future direction and operations of our company. Currently,
these stockholders own approximately 44% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of
Class A common stock. Accordingly, they may influence decisions concerning business
opportunities, declaring dividends, issuing additional shares of Class A common stock or
other securities and the approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or
substantially all of our assets. They may make decisions that are adverse to your
interests.
If our stockholders sell a
substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, the market
price of our Class A common stock could fall. Several of our principal stockholders hold a
large number of shares of the outstanding Class A common stock. Any decision by any of our
principal stockholders to aggressively sell their shares could depress the market price of
our Class A common stock.
As
of January 31, 2004, we had 70,974,819 shares of common stock outstanding. All of these
shares are freely tradable, except for approximately 28 million shares held by certain
stockholders who participated in our October 2003 recapitalization transaction wherein we
repurchased approximately 10.8 million of our shares from our original stockholders and
their affiliates and facilitated their resale of approximately 6.2 million additional
shares to a group of private equity investors. Under the terms of our repurchase, our
original stockholders agreed that they will not sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of
Class A common stock on the open market or without the prior written consent of a majority
of our independent directors prior to October 22, 2005. This agreement is subject to
the following exceptions:
|
|
|
certain
charitable donations to religious organizations; |
|
|
|
transfers
of common stock to immediate family members or related persons who or estate planning
entities that agree to be bound by similar restrictions; |
|
|
|
transfers
pursuant to an existing call option for 2 million shares granted by one of our original
stockholders, Sandra Tillotson, or an existing put option for up to 3.5 million shares
obtained by Ms. Tillotson in a recent transaction; and |
-35-
|
|
|
the
pledge of shares as security for loans up to $10 million, provided certain conditions are
met, including our right to purchase any shares upon the occurrence of an event of
default at a price equal to 50% of the average closing price for the 15 days immediately
prior to the event of default. |
These
stockholders also agreed that, after the expiration of the two-year lock-up agreement in
October 2005, they will be subject to certain volume limitations with respect to open
market transactions. In the event these lock-up restrictions were removed, the resulting
sales could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline.
We
generally lease our warehouse, office or distribution facilities in each geographic region
in which we currently have operations. We believe that our existing and planned facilities
are adequate for our current operations in each of our existing markets. The following
table summarizes, as of December 31, 2003, our major leased office and distribution
facilities:
Location
| |
Function
| |
Approximate Square
Feet
| |
|
|
|
Provo, Utah(1) |
|
Distribution center |
|
198,000 |
|
|
|
|
Provo, Utah(1) | |
Corporate offices | |
125,000 |
|
|
|
|
Los Angeles, California | |
Warehouse | |
35,000 |
|
|
|
|
Yokohama, Japan | |
Warehouse | |
40,000 |
|
|
|
|
Tokyo, Japan | |
Call center/distribution center | |
56,000 |
|
|
|
|
Tokyo, Japan | |
Central office/distribution center | |
28,000 |
|
|
|
|
Taipei, Taiwan | |
Central office/distribution center | |
37,000 |
|
|
|
|
Taoyuan, Taiwan | |
Warehouse/distribution center | |
47,000 |
|
|
|
|
Ontario, Canada | |
Office/warehouse | |
31,000 |
|
|
|
|
Venlo, Netherlands | |
Warehouse/offices | |
20,000 |
|
|
|
|
Seoul, South Korea | |
Corporate offices | |
29,000 |
|
|
|
|
Shanghai, China | |
Manufacturing | |
69,000 |
|
|
|
|
Zhejiang Province, China | |
Manufacturing | |
16,140 |
|
(1) |
|
These
facilities are leased from related parties. |
-36-
We
currently also lease approximately 130,000 square feet of retail space in Mainland China
in more than 100 different locations in connection with our retail business in this
market, as well as approximately 151,000 square feet of administrative office space.
ITEM 3. |
|
LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS |
We
are not currently a party nor is any of our property currently the subject of any material
pending legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF
MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There
were no matters submitted to a vote of the security holders during the fourth quarter of
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.
PART II
ITEM 5. |
|
MARKET
FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
Our
Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and
trades under the symbol NUS. The following table is based upon the information
available to us and sets forth the range of the high and low sales prices for our Class A
common stock for the quarterly periods during 2002 and 2003 based upon quotations on the
NYSE.
Quarter Ended
| |
High
| |
Low
| |
|
|
|
March 31, 2002 |
|
$ 11.19 |
|
$ 7.10 |
|
June 30, 2002 | |
14.86 |
|
10.01 |
|
September 30, 2002 | |
14.25 |
|
8.50 |
|
December 31, 2002 | |
13.09 |
|
9.67 |
|
Quarter Ended
| |
High
| |
Low
| |
|
|
|
March 31, 2003 |
|
$ 13.40 |
|
$ 8.82 |
|
June 30, 2003 | |
10.50 |
|
8.75 |
|
September 30, 2003 | |
12.90 |
|
10.22 |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
17.98 |
|
12.77 |
|
The
market price of our Class A common stock is subject to significant fluctuations in
response to variations in our quarterly operating results, general trends in the market
for our products and product candidates, economic and currency exchange issues in the
foreign markets in which we operate and other factors, many of which are not within our
control. In addition, broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, business and
political conditions may adversely affect the market for our Class A common stock,
regardless of our actual or projected performance.
The
closing price of our Class A common stock on February 27, 2004, was $19.15. The
approximate number of holders of record of our Class A common stock as of February 27,
2004 was 815. This number of holders of record does not represent the actual number of
beneficial owners of shares of our Class A common stock because shares are frequently held
in street name by securities dealers and others for the benefit of individual
owners who have the right to vote their shares. We have a small number of outstanding
Class B shares held by one individual that were not converted to Class A shares as
-37-
of
December 31, 2003. These remaining Class B shares will be converted to Class A shares in
connection with our annual shareholder meeting to be held in May 2004.
We
declared and paid a $0.06 per share dividend for all classes of common stock in March,
June, September and December of 2002, and a $0.07 per share quarterly dividend for all
classes of common stock in March, June, September and December of 2003. The board of
directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.08 per share. The quarterly cash
dividend will be paid on March 24, 2004, to stockholders of record on March 5, 2004.
Management believes that cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund this and
future dividend payments, if any.
We
expect to continue to pay dividends on our common stock. However, the declaration of
dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon
various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements,
future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
Equity Compensation Plan
Information
The
following table provides information as of December 31, 2003 about our Class A common
stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under all of
our existing equity compensation plans (including individual arrangements):
Plan Category
| |
Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(a)
| |
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
(b)
| |
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
(c)
| |
|
|
|
|
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |
|
7,005,000 |
(1) |
$ 10.68 |
|
4,952,000 |
(2) |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | |
-- |
|
$ -- |
|
-- |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Total | |
7,005,000 |
|
$ 10.68 |
|
4,952,000 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Does not include information for options assumed in connection with acquisitions by us of other companies. As of December 31,
2003, a total of 66,000 shares of Class A common stock were issuable upon exercise of such assumed options, at a weighted-average
exercise price per share of $7.62. All of these shares correspond to options we assumed in our acquisition of Pharmanex. |
(2) |
|
Consists of 4,819,000 shares available for future issuance under the Company's Second Amended and Restated 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan and 133,000 shares available for future issuance under the Company's 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The authorized
shares purchasable by participants under the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan may be increased by 75,000 shares each year
beginning in 2003 and ending in 2009. |
-38-
ITEM 6. |
|
SELECTED
FINANCIAL DATA |
The
following selected consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31,
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements.
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
1999
| |
2000
| |
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
|
|
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
|
Income Statement Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue | |
$ 894,249 |
|
$ 879,758 |
|
$ 885,621 |
|
$ 964,067 |
|
$ 986,457 |
|
Cost of sales | |
151,681 |
|
149,342 |
|
178,083 |
|
190,868 |
|
176,545 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Gross profit | |
742,568 |
|
730,416 |
|
707,538 |
|
773,199 |
|
809,912 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
346,951 |
|
345,259 |
|
347,452 |
|
382,159 |
|
407,088 |
|
General and administrative expenses | |
265,770 |
|
294,744 |
|
288,605 |
|
285,229 |
|
289,925 |
|
Restructuring and other charges | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
5,592 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total operating expenses | |
612,721 |
|
640,003 |
|
636,057 |
|
667,388 |
|
702,605 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Operating income | |
129,847 |
|
90,413 |
|
71,481 |
|
105,811 |
|
107,307 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
(1,411 |
) |
5,993 |
|
8,380 |
|
(2,886 |
) |
432 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Income before provision for income taxes | |
128,436 |
|
96,406 |
|
79,861 |
|
102,925 |
|
107,739 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
41,742 |
|
34,706 |
|
29,548 |
|
38,082 |
|
39,863 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net income(1) | |
$ 86,694 |
|
$ 61,700 |
|
$ 50,313 |
|
$ 64,843 |
|
$ 67,876 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
$ 1.00 |
|
$ 0.72 |
|
$ 0.60 |
|
$ 0.79 |
|
$ 0.86 |
|
Diluted | |
$ 0.99 |
|
$ 0.72 |
|
$ 0.60 |
|
$ 0.78 |
|
$ 0.85 |
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding (000s): | |
Basic | |
87,081 |
|
85,401 |
|
83,472 |
|
81,731 |
|
78,637 |
|
Diluted | |
87,893 |
|
85,642 |
|
83,915 |
|
83,128 |
|
79,541 |
|
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period): | |
Cash and cash equivalents | |
$ 110,162 |
|
$ 63,996 |
|
$ 75,923 |
|
$ 120,341 |
|
$ 122,568 |
|
Working capital | |
74,561 |
|
122,835 |
|
152,513 |
|
180,639 |
|
143,568 |
|
Total assets | |
643,215 |
|
590,803 |
|
582,352 |
|
611,838 |
|
623,747 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt | |
55,889 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
17,915 |
|
Long-term debt | |
89,419 |
|
84,884 |
|
73,718 |
|
81,732 |
|
147,488 |
|
Stockholders' equity | |
309,379 |
|
366,733 |
|
379,890 |
|
386,486 |
|
290,248 |
|
| |
Supplemental Operating Data (at end of period): | |
Approximate number of active distributors(2) | |
510,000 |
|
497,000 |
|
558,000 |
|
566,000 |
|
678,000 |
|
Number of executive distributors(2) | |
21,005 |
|
21,381 |
|
24,839 |
|
27,915 |
|
29,131 |
|
(1) |
|
In January 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." Assuming no amortization of goodwill and other
indefinite-lived intangibles for all periods presented prior to adoption, net income would have been $93 million, $68 million and
$57 million for each of the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. For 2003, net income includes a pre-tax
non-recurring charge of $6 million due to restructuring and other charges incurred during the third quarter. |
(2) |
|
Active distributors are those distributors who were resident in the countries in which we operated and who purchased products
during the three months ended as of the date indicated. An executive distributor is an active distributor who has achieved
required personal and group sales volumes. Following the opening for retail business in Mainland China during 2003, active
distributors includes 117,000 preferred customers and executive distributors includes 3,100 employed, full-time sales
representatives. |
-39-
ITEM 7. |
|
MANAGEMENTS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The
following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read
in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, which
are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We
are a leading, global direct selling company. We develop and distribute premium-quality,
innovative personal care products and nutritional supplements that are sold worldwide
under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex brands. We also market technology products and services
and a line of home care products under the Big Planet brand. We had revenue of $986
million in 2003 and a global network of approximately 678,000 active independent
distributors. Approximately 29,000 of our active distributors have achieved executive
distributor status under our Global Compensation Plan. Our executive distributors play an
important leadership role in our distribution network and are critical to the growth and
profitability of our business. We develop and market branded consumer products that we
believe are well suited for direct selling. Our distributors market and sell our products
by educating consumers about the benefits and distinguishing characteristics of our
products and by providing personalized customer service. Through dedicated research and
development, we continually develop and introduce new products and enhance our existing
line of products to provide our distributors with a differentiated portfolio of premium
products. We are able to attract and motivate high-caliber independent distributors
because of our focus on developing innovative products, our attractive global compensation
system and our advanced technological distributor support.
We
currently operate in over 30 countries throughout Asia, North and South America and
Europe. In 2003, approximately 89% of our revenue was generated in markets outside of the
United States and is translated into U.S. dollars from each markets local currency
using quarterly weighted average exchange rates. Approximately 84% of our revenue was
generated from our Asia markets, with revenue from Japan representing approximately 57% of
our revenue. As a result, our financial results can be negatively impacted by the
weakening of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar and economic and business
conditions in Asia, particularly in Japan.
The
following table sets forth revenue information by region for the time periods indicated.
This table should be reviewed in connection with the tables presented under Results
of Operations, which disclose selling expenses and other costs associated with
generating the aggregate revenue presented.
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
Revenue by Region
| |
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
|
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
North Asia |
|
$ 553.9 |
|
63% |
|
$ 593.9 |
|
62% |
|
$ 617.7 |
|
63% |
|
Greater China | |
93.4 |
|
10 |
|
104.9 |
|
11 |
|
135.5 |
|
14 |
|
North America | |
155.9 |
|
18 |
|
145.9 |
|
15 |
|
122.8 |
|
12 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
56.9 |
|
6 |
|
91.1 |
|
9 |
|
75.8 |
|
8 |
|
Other Markets | |
25.5 |
|
3 |
|
28.3 |
|
3 |
|
34.7 |
|
3 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
$ 885.6 |
|
100% |
|
$ 964.1 |
|
100% |
|
$ 986.5 |
|
100% |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
-40-
Our
revenue depends upon the number and productivity of independent distributors who purchase
products and sales materials from us in their local currency for resale to their customers
or for personal use. Information concerning the number of active and executive
distributors for the past three years is provided below under the heading
Distributor Information. Because we distribute almost all of our products
through our independent distributors, our failure to retain our existing distributors and
recruit additional distributors could have an adverse effect on our revenue.
Our
business and the direct selling and nutritional supplement industries are subject to
extensive governmental regulations throughout the world, which impose some restrictions on
our business and create certain business risks, including the imposition of fines or
suspension of our operations if we fail to comply with such regulations. Some of the more
significant regulatory risks facing our business today include regulatory risks in
Mainland China where we are not allowed to operate using our direct selling model and we
continue to be subject to regulatory scrutiny, uncertainty regarding the status of our
Pharmanex Biophotonic Scanner as a non-medical device in the United States and Japan, and
efforts to enact more stringent laws and regulations related to nutritional supplements as
a result of adverse publicity related to deaths associated with ephedrine, a supplement we
have never marketed.
We
source the majority of our products from manufacturers located in the United States. In
connection with our operations in Mainland China, we acquired a manufacturing facility in
Mainland China and are manufacturing our own products for distribution in Mainland China.
Cost of sales primarily consists of the cost of products purchased from third party
vendors, generally in U.S. dollars, and the freight cost of shipping these products to
distributors, as well as import duties for the products. Cost of sales also includes the
cost of sales materials sold to distributors at or near cost. Sales materials sold to
distributors at or near cost are generally purchased in local currencies. As the sales mix
changes between product categories and sales materials, cost of sales and gross profit may
fluctuate to some degree due primarily to the margin on each product line. Because we
purchase a significant majority of our goods in U.S. dollars and recognize revenue in
local currencies, we are subject to exchange rate risks in our gross margins.
Selling
expenses (previously referred to as distributor incentives), classified as operating
expenses, are our most significant expense. Our global sales compensation plan is an
important factor in our ability to attract and retain distributors. Selling expenses are
paid to several levels of distributors on each product sale. The amount of the incentive
paid varies depending on the purchasers position within our Global Compensation
Plan. Selling expenses are paid monthly and are based upon a distributors personal
and group product volumes, as well as the group product volumes of up to six levels of
executive distributors in their downline sales organizations. Distributors also have the
opportunity to make retail profits by selling the products they purchase from us at
wholesale and selling them to retail customers with a retail mark-up. We do not pay
commissions on these retail sales by distributors to their customers and do not recognize
any revenue or commission expense from these retail sales by distributors to their retail
customers. In some markets, we allow individuals who are not distributors to buy products
directly from us at preferred prices. We pay commissions to the referring distributors and
sales employees on these sales made directly by us to the preferred customers.
Small fluctuations occur in the amount of incentives paid as the network of distributors
actively purchasing products changes from month to month. However, due to the size of our
distributor force of approximately 678,000 active distributors, the fluctuation in the
overall payout is relatively small. The overall payout has typically averaged from 41% to
43% of global product sales. We also make modifications and enhancements to our
compensation plan to help motivate distributors and develop leadership characteristics,
which can have an impact on selling expenses. Sales materials and starter kits are not
subject to selling expenses. We previously referred to
-41-
selling expenses as
distributor incentives in our financial statements. The reason for the change
in title is because the sales
representatives in Mainland China are employees, as opposed to independent distributors.
General
and administrative expenses (previously referred to as selling, general and administrative
expenses) include wages and benefits, depreciation and amortization, rents and utilities,
travel, promotion and advertising including costs of distributor conventions, which are
expensed in the period in which they are incurred, research and development, professional
fees and other operating expenses. The most significant portion of our general and
administrative expenses is labor expenses, which accounts for a majority of our total
general and administrative expenses.
Provision
for income taxes depends on the statutory tax rates in each of the jurisdictions in which
we operate. For example, statutory tax rates are 16% in Hong Kong, 25% in Taiwan, 30% in
South Korea, 46% in Japan and 33% in Mainland China; however, we are currently benefiting
from a tax holiday in Mainland China. We are subject to taxation in the United States at a
statutory corporate federal tax rate of 35% and we also pay taxes in various states.
However, we receive foreign tax credits in the United States for the amount of foreign
taxes actually paid in a given period, which are utilized to reduce taxes in the United
States to the extent allowed. We have historically experienced high effective foreign tax
rates in comparison to the overall effective tax rate, which is due to the impact of: (1)
foreign activities with pre-tax losses that provide a tax benefit in the United States,
but not in the foreign jurisdictions; (2) higher tax rates in certain foreign
jurisdictions, particularly Japan, which accounts for a significant portion of the foreign
pre-tax income each year; and (3) the effect of foreign withholding taxes, which factor
into the total tax provision, but are not based on income. We experienced a higher foreign
tax rate in 2003 compared to 2002 and 2001 due to reduced taxable foreign income, coupled
with consistent foreign withholding taxes, which are non-income based taxes. Our effective
U.S. tax rates in comparison to our overall effective tax rate are lower due to the impact
of applicable foreign tax credits in the U.S. income tax expense breakdown.
From
September 1999 to August 2003, we operated a professional employer organization that
outsourced personnel and benefit services to small businesses in the United States. We
sold the professional employer organization during the third quarter of 2003. Revenue for
the professional employer organization consisted of service fees paid by its clients. For
our professional employer organization, cost of sales included the direct costs, such as
salaries, wages and other benefits, associated with the worksite employees.
Critical Accounting
Policies
The
following critical accounting policies and estimates should be read in conjunction with
our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto. Management
considers the most critical accounting policies to be the recognition of revenue,
accounting for income taxes and accounting for intangible assets. In each of these areas,
management makes estimates based on historical results, current trends and future
projections.
Revenue. We
recognize revenue when products are shipped, which is when title passes to our
independent distributors. With some exceptions in various countries, we offer a
return policy whereby distributors can return unopened and unused product for
up to 12 months subject to a 10% restocking fee. Reported revenue is net of
returns, which have historically been less than 5% of gross sales. A reserve
for product returns is accrued based on historical experience. We classify all
selling discounts as a reduction
-42-
of revenue. Our Global Compensation
Plan for our distributors is focused on remunerating distributors based upon the selling
efforts of the distributors and their downline, and not their personal purchases.
Income
Taxes. We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes. This statement establishes financial accounting
and reporting standards for the effects of income taxes that result from an
enterprises activities during the current and preceding years. It requires an asset
and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. We pay
income taxes in many foreign jurisdictions based on the profits realized in those
jurisdictions, which can be significantly impacted by terms of intercompany transactions
between us and our foreign affiliates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are created in
this process. As of December 31, 2003, we have net deferred tax assets of $74.1 million.
These net deferred tax assets assume sufficient future earnings will exist for their
realization, as well as the continued application of current tax rates. We have considered
projected future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies in determining that no
valuation allowance is required. In the event we were to determine that we would not be
able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to
the deferred tax assets would be charged to earnings in the period such determination was
made.
We
are subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits
may result in additional tax liabilities. We account for such contingent liabilities in
accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies and believe that we
have appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors drive the
calculation of our tax reserves. Some of these factors include (i) the expiration of
various statutes of limitations, (ii) changes in tax law and regulations, (iii) issuance
of tax rulings, and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors
may result in adjustments to our reserves, which would impact our reported financial
results.
Intangible
Assets. Under the provisions of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 ("SFAS 142"),
"Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," our goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized, but
instead are tested for impairment at least annually. In addition, our intangible assets with definite lives are
recorded at cost and are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual
vales, and are reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or
Disposal of Long-Lives Assets" (Note 5).
We
are required to make judgments regarding the useful life of our intangible assets. With
the implementation of SFAS No. 142, we determined certain intangible assets to have
indefinite lives based upon our analysis of the requirements of SFAS 141 and 142 as well
as an independent third party evaluation of such lives, which was conducted in 2001. These
intangible assets include our trademarks and trade names, our distributor network, and our
marketing rights to operate the Nu Skin business in various foreign markets. In connection
with a registration statement we filed in October 2003, the Staff of the Securities and
Exchange Commission has commented on and sought additional support for the indefinite life
designation of these assets. This review is on-going and if it is determined that any of these assets has a finite
life, we would amortize the value of that asset over the remainder of such
finite life, which annual amortization expense we do not believe would be material to our
operating results. The amortization expense would be a non-cash expense that would not
impact the Companys cash flow from operations.
-43-
Results of Operations
The
following table sets forth our operating results as a percentage of revenue for the
periods indicated:
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
Cost of sales | |
20.1 |
|
19.8 |
|
17.9 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Gross profit | |
79.9 |
|
80.2 |
|
82.1 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
39.2 |
|
39.6 |
|
41.3 |
|
General and administrative expenses | |
32.6 |
|
29.6 |
|
29.4 |
|
Restructuring and other charges | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
0.5 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Total operating expenses | |
71.8 |
|
69.2 |
|
71.2 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Operating income | |
8.1 |
|
11.0 |
|
10.9 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
.9 |
|
(.3 |
) |
-- |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Income before provision for income taxes | |
9.0 |
|
10.7 |
|
10.9 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
3.3 |
|
4.0 |
|
4.0 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Net income | |
5.7 |
% |
6.7 |
% |
6.9 |
% |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
2003 Compared to 2002
Revenue
Overview. Revenue
in 2003 increased 2% to $986.5 million from $964.1 million in 2002. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we experienced a
revenue decline of 2% for 2003 compared to 2002. This resulted from the sale of
our professional employer organization in the United States in August 2003 and
our transition away from certain Big Planet offerings, both of which were
eliminated as part of our continued efforts to eliminate low-margin products
and services. Although these actions negatively impacted 2003 to 2002 revenue
comparisons by $22.0 million, we believe that they positively impacted gross
and operating margins in the fourth quarter of 2003 and will continue to have a
positive impact on gross and operating margins going forward.
Revenue
in 2003 was positively impacted by significant revenue growth from our expanded operations
in Mainland China. In addition, growth in our U.S. nutrition business also positively
impacted 2003 results. These improvements were largely offset by declines in local currency revenue in
South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia, and in Japan for the year ended December 31, 2003.
The negative year-over-year comparisons were related in part to the shift of attention of
distributor leaders away from their home markets during the first quarter of 2003 to focus
on Mainland China, the positive impact on revenue results in 2002 from distributor
enthusiasm surrounding and incentives related to our planned expansion of operations in
Mainland China, and geo-political conflicts and weak economic conditions. After two
-44-
consecutive quarters of year-over-year declines in Japan, revenue stabilized in this
market during the last half of 2003.
In
late December 2003, the Company received notification that Japanese and South Korean
regulators had suspended the importation of nutritional supplements in bovine-based
capsules, which includes many of our Pharmanex products. A few weeks later, Japanese
regulators also determined they would no longer allow these same products to be sold by
nutrition companies after February 16, 2004. As a result, we have transitioned our
production to non-bovine capsules and tablets and expect all of our key Pharmanex products
to remain in stock. Although we expect these measures to result in some additional
expenses for production costs, inventory write-offs and expedited shipping fees during the
first quarter of 2004, we do not believe that these expenses will have a material impact
on our overall projected 2004 financial results.
North
Asia. The following table sets forth revenue for the North Asia region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Change
| |
Japan |
|
$ 529.8 |
|
$ 558.7 |
|
5 |
% |
South Korea | |
64.1 |
|
59.0 |
|
(8 |
) |
|
| |
| |
North Asia total | |
$ 593.9 |
|
$ 617.7 |
|
4 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, revenue in North Asia decreased
3% in 2003 compared to 2002. In local currency, revenue in Japan decreased 2% in 2003
compared to 2002. Local currency revenue in Japan during 2003 was negatively impacted by
the factors noted in Revenue Overview above. In local currency, revenue
in South Korea decreased 12%. The decrease in revenue in South Korea was primarily a
result of the factors discussed in Revenue Overview above, as well as
regulatory changes requiring a modification to our sales incentive plan towards the end of
2002, which was disconcerting to our distributor leaders in this market.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater China region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Change
| |
Taiwan |
|
$ 78.9 |
|
$ 73.1 |
|
(7 |
%) |
Mainland China | |
2.0 |
|
38.5 |
|
1,825 |
|
Hong Kong | |
24.0 |
|
23.9 |
|
-- |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Greater China total | |
$ 104.9 |
|
$ 135.5 |
|
29 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Revenue
in Greater China increased primarily as a result of the expansion of operations in
Mainland China. Foreign currency fluctuations from 2002 to 2003 did not have a notable
impact on this region. Revenue in Mainland China was $38.5 million in 2003, following our
expansion of retail operations and the introduction of Nu Skin branded products in
Mainland China in January 2003. On a sequential basis, revenue in Mainland China increased
67% from the third quarter to the fourth quarter. This growth is attributed to an
increased number of preferred customers and employed sales representatives in Mainland
China. The success of our product launches and product promotions as well as our
employment opportunities provide an attraction to many unemployed or underemployed sales
people in Mainland China. As our business expands in Mainland China, we continue to
experience government scrutiny due to our international reputation as a direct selling
company. Although we conduct retail operations and not direct selling operations in
Mainland China, we expect the government scrutiny
-45-
to continue throughout 2004 when new
direct selling laws and regulations are anticipated. For a more detailed discussion of the
risks and challenges we face in Mainland China, please refer to Notes Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements. We currently operate in a total of 23 cities in 8
provinces in Mainland China.
The
increase in revenue in Mainland China was somewhat offset by the decline in revenue in
Taiwan. We believe that the SARS epidemic negatively impacted revenue in Taiwan and Hong
Kong during the first half of 2003. In addition, revenue in Taiwan and Hong Kong during
the second, third and fourth quarters of 2002 was positively impacted by distributor
enthusiasm surrounding our planned expansion of operations in Mainland China in 2003.
North
America. The following table sets forth revenue for the North America region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Change
| |
United States |
|
$ 136.6 |
|
$ 113.4 |
|
(17 |
%) |
Canada | |
9.4 |
|
9.4 |
|
-- |
|
|
| |
| |
|
North America total | |
$ 146.0 |
|
$ 122.8 |
|
(16 |
) |
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
The
decline in revenue in the United States is principally a result of a $22.0 million revenue
decline in Big Planet in 2003 compared to the prior year. This decline was due primarily
to the sale of our professional employer organization and the restructuring of Big Planet
telecommunication products, both of which transitions are part of our continued efforts to
eliminate or modify low-margin products. The North America region was also negatively
impacted by year-over-year hedging losses of approximately $5.3 million in 2003 compared
to hedging gains of $4.5 million in 2002 related to foreign currency forward contracts. In
addition, revenue in 2002 in the United States included $6.0 million of sales to foreign
distributors during the third quarter of 2002 at the global distributor convention held in
the United States, which did not recur in 2003.
Increasing
distributor activity tied to the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner program, a focus on signing
up more consumers on monthly reorder programs, the introduction of new weight-management
products and implementation of distributor leadership incentives, however, resulted in 36%
growth in our Pharmanex revenue in the United States from $48.3 million in 2002 to $65.6
million in 2003, excluding sales to foreign distributors at the 2002 global convention
held in the United States. Nu Skin revenue held relatively constant in 2003 compared to
2002, excluding sales to foreign distributors at the same 2002 global convention.
Moreover, we experienced an 18% increase in our 2003 executive distributors in the United
States and a 20% increase during 2003 of automatic delivery orders compared to 2002. Early
in 2003, the FDA questioned the status of the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner as a
non-medical device. We believe the scanner can be marketed as a non-medical device, but
the FDA has not responded yet to our request to classify the scanner as a non-medical
device. In the event the FDA concludes that the scanner requires medical device clearance,
this could delay or inhibit our ability to market the scanner. We currently intend to
contest any conclusion by the FDA that the scanner is a medical device.
-46-
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the South Asia/Pacific region
and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Change
| |
Singapore/Malaysia |
|
$ 64.3 |
|
$ 36.7 |
|
(43 |
%) |
Thailand | |
13.0 |
|
22.7 |
|
75 |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
11.0 |
|
13.5 |
|
23 |
|
Philippines | |
2.8 |
|
2.9 |
|
4 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
South Asia/Pacific total | |
$ 91.1 |
|
$ 75.8 |
|
(17 |
) |
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, revenue in South Asia/Pacific
decreased 21% in 2003 compared to 2002. The decrease in revenue in this region was due
primarily to the combined decrease in Singapore and Malaysia. Both Singapore and Malaysia
were opened in the last two years. We often experience a revenue contraction after an
initial period of rapid revenue growth following the opening of the market. This revenue
contraction occurred later than usual in Singapore and Malaysia and was more pronounced
than anticipated. We believe that this was due in part to distributor enthusiasm related
to the planned opening of expanded operations in Mainland China in January 2003, which
drove revenue growth throughout 2002. This decrease was somewhat offset by an increase in
revenue in both Thailand and combined Australia/New Zealand.
Other
Markets. The following table sets forth revenue for our Other Markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Change
| |
Europe |
|
$ 25.6 |
|
$ 31.9 |
|
25 |
% |
Latin America | |
2.7 |
|
2.8 |
|
4 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
Other Markets total | |
$ 28.3 |
|
$ 34.7 |
|
23 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
This
increase was primarily due to a 25% increase in revenue in Europe, which included the 17%
favorable impact of currency fluctuations in 2003 compared to 2002.
Gross
profit
Gross profit
as a percentage of revenue increased to 82.1% in 2003 compared to 80.2% in 2002. Our gross
profit was positively impacted by the divestiture of our professional employer
organization, the decline in low-margin revenue from Big Planet, a new personal care
manufacturing plant in Mainland China and the positive impact of fluctuations in foreign
currency in 2003 compared to 2002. We anticipate these factors will continue to positively
impact gross profit throughout 2004 with gross margins expected to range from 83.0% to
84.0% in 2004 consistent with our reported gross margin of 83.4% during the fourth quarter
of 2003.
Selling
expenses
Selling expenses
as a percentage of revenue increased to 41.3% in 2003 from 39.6% in 2002.
In U.S. dollars, selling expenses increased to $407.1 million in 2003 from $382.2 million
in 2002. The increase in selling expenses was due to the increase of sales employee labor
and commission expenses in Mainland China. In addition, selling expenses as a percent of
revenue increased due to the divestiture of our professional employer organization, which
paid no commissions, and by the introduction of leadership incentives in Japan and in the
United States. We anticipate these factors will continue to impact our
-47-
selling expenses
throughout 2004 with selling expenses expected to range from 42.0% to 43.0% similar to
reported results during the fourth quarter of 2003, which were 42.2%.
General
and administrative expenses
General and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue remained nearly level at 29.4% in 2003
from 29.6% in 2002. In U.S. dollars, general and administrative expenses increased to
$289.9 million in 2003 from $285.2 million in 2002. The U.S. dollar increase during 2003
in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the incremental costs
associated with the expansion of retail operations in Mainland China in 2003, as well as
the negative impact of foreign currency fluctuations on operating expenses in 2003. These
increases were somewhat offset by the reduction in labor expenses resulting from our
restructuring that occurred in the third quarter of 2003. We anticipate incurring
distributor convention expenses of approximately $6.5 million in 2004 relating to our
global distributor convention in the United States in the first quarter and approximately
$4.0 million relating to our 2004 Japan distributor convention in the fourth quarter,
which represents an overall increase in 2004 of approximately $6.5 million in convention
expenses compared to 2003.
Restructuring
and other charges
Restructuring and
other charges of $5.6 million recorded in the third quarter of 2003 include $5.1 million
of expenses resulting from an early retirement program and other employee separation
charges. As a result of these employee terminations, our overall headcount was reduced by
approximately 130 employees, the majority of which were employees at our U.S.
headquarters. These restructuring expenses consisted primarily of severance and other
compensation charges. The savings associated with these reductions in force have been
refocused on revenue growth initiatives throughout the company. In connection with these
restructuring charges, we also completed the divestiture of our professional employer
organization operated through Big Planet resulting in a charge of approximately $0.5
million.
Other
income (expense), net
Other income
(expense), net was $0.4 million of income in
2003 compared to $2.9 million of expense in 2002. This increase in other income (expense),
net of $3.3 million is primarily related to the foreign exchange fluctuations to the U.S.
dollar on the translation of yen-based bank debt and other foreign denominated
intercompany balances into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. We anticipate
interest expense increasing to approximately $6.0 million in 2004 from approximately $3.0
million in 2003 resulting from additional debt incurred in October 2003.
Provision
for income taxes
Provision for
income taxes increased to $39.9 million in 2003 from $38.1 million in 2002. This increase
was largely due to the increase in operating income as compared to the prior year. The
effective tax rate remained at 37.0% of pre-tax income for 2003 and 2002.
Net
income
As
a result of the foregoing factors, net income increased to $67.9 million in 2003 from
$64.8 million in 2002. Earnings per share were positively impacted by the repurchase of
10.8 million shares of our Class A common stock, which occurred in October 2003.
-48-
2002 Compared to 2001
Revenue
Overview.
Revenue in 2002 increased 9% to $964.1 million from $885.6 million in 2001
primarily due to the growth in the North and South Asia/Pacific regions as
discussed below, which was somewhat offset by the decline in the North America
region. Excluding the impact of changes in exchange rates, we experienced growth
of 10% for 2002 compared to the prior year. Successful new product
introductions, the addition of Singapore and Malaysia in the last two years and
distributor interest surrounding our expansion of retail operations in Mainland
China contributed to revenue growth in 2002.
North
Asia. The following table sets forth revenue for the North Asia region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
Change
| |
Japan |
|
$ 508.1 |
|
$ 529.8 |
|
4 |
% |
South Korea | |
45.8 |
|
64.1 |
|
40 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
North Asia total | |
$ 553.9 |
|
$ 593.9 |
|
7 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
In
local currency, revenue in Japan increased 7%. Revenue growth in Japan was driven by
continued leveraging of technology tools for distributors as well as by successful product
introductions and growth in automated orders. Reported U.S. dollar results reflect the
negative impact of currency fluctuations. In local currency, revenue in South Korea
increased 35%. Revenue growth in South Korea was driven by a 22% increase in executive
distributors as well as successful product introductions. Our revenue growth in South
Korea, which grew 67% in local currency in 2001, slowed in the second half of 2002 as a
result of increased government regulations and political changes as well as weakening in
the overall direct selling industry and the economy.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater China region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
Change
| |
Taiwan |
|
$ 70.2 |
|
$ 78.9 |
|
12 |
% |
Hong Kong | |
21.7 |
|
24.0 |
|
11 |
|
Mainland China | |
1.5 |
|
2.0 |
|
33 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
Greater China total | |
$ 93.4 |
|
$ 104.9 |
|
12 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
Distributor
interest surrounding our expansion of retail operations in Mainland China, which commenced
in January 2003, spurred the growth in this region. In local currency, revenue in Taiwan
increased 15%. Revenue growth in Taiwan was driven by a 27% increase in executive
distributors primarily related to distributor enthusiasm throughout the Greater China
region resulting from the planned retail expansion of operations in Mainland China.
North
America. The following table sets forth revenue for the North America region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
Change
| |
United States |
|
$ 149.0 |
|
$ 136.6 |
|
(8 |
%) |
Canada | |
6.9 |
|
9.4 |
|
36 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
North America total | |
$ 155.9 |
|
$ 146.0 |
|
(6 |
) |
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
-49-
This
decrease in the North America region is due to the decline in revenue in the United
States. The decrease in the United States is due to declines in Big Planet, including a
decline of $8.9 million in 2002 in our core Big Planet revenue and a $2.7 million decline
from our professional employer organization as we implemented initiatives centered on the
more profitable personal care and nutritional supplement product categories. For the year,
Nu Skin and Pharmanex revenue was flat, although revenue increased 19% in the fourth
quarter of 2002 compared to the same period in 2001. These decreases were somewhat offset
by the increase in revenue in Canada.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the South Asia/Pacific region
and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
Change
| |
Singapore/Malaysia |
|
$ 39.6 |
|
$ 64.3 |
|
62 |
% |
Thailand | |
6.6 |
|
13.0 |
|
97 |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
7.2 |
|
11.0 |
|
53 |
|
Philippines | |
3.5 |
|
2.8 |
|
(20 |
) |
|
| |
| |
|
South Asia/Pacific total | |
$ 56.9 |
|
$ 91.1 |
|
60 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
Excluding
the impact of changes in exchange rates, our revenue in South Asia/Pacific increased 58%
in 2002 compared to the prior year. Distributor interest surrounding our expansion of
retail operations in Mainland China, which commenced in January 2003 and the opening of
the Malaysian market in November 2001 spurred the growth in this region. The combined
revenue of Singapore and Malaysia increased primarily as a result of the inclusion of a
full year of operations in Malaysia in our 2002 results and distributor activity spurred
over our plans to expand in Mainland China.
Other
Markets. The following table sets forth revenue for our Other Markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
Change
| |
Europe |
|
$ 22.7 |
|
$ 25.6 |
|
13 |
% |
Latin America | |
2.8 |
|
2.7 |
|
(4 |
) |
|
| |
| |
|
Other Markets total | |
$ 25.5 |
|
$ 28.3 |
|
11 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| |
|
This
increase in revenue is primarily due to a 13% increase in revenue in Europe in U.S.
dollars compared to the prior year. Excluding the impact of changes in exchange rates, our
revenue in Europe increased approximately 4% compared to 2001 and in Latin America revenue
increased 5% compared to 2001.
Gross
profit
Gross profit
as a percentage of revenue remained nearly constant at 80.2% in 2002 compared to 79.9% in
2001. The slight negative impact of fluctuations in foreign currency in 2002 was offset by
a decrease of revenue related to low margin Big Planet products and services in 2002. We
purchase a significant majority of our goods in U.S. dollars and recognize revenue in
local currencies. Consequently, we are subject to exchange rate risks in our gross
margins.
-50-
Selling
expenses
Selling expenses
(previously referred to as distributor incentives) as a percentage of revenue increased to
39.6% in 2002 from 39.2% in 2001. In U.S. dollars, selling expenses increased to $382.2
million in 2002 from $347.5 million in 2001. The decline in revenue from Big Planet
products and services, which pay lower commissions than our personal care and nutritional
supplement product categories, contributed to the increase in selling expenses during
2002.
General
and administrative
General and
administrative expenses (previously referred to as selling, general and administrative
expenses) as a percentage of revenue decreased to 29.6% in 2002 from 32.6% in 2001.
Without the impact of $10.5 million of amortization of intangibles recorded in 2001, which
was not recorded in 2002 due to the implementation of SFAS No. 142, general and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue would have been 31.4% in 2001. In 2002,
we generated higher revenue while maintaining operating expenses primarily due to improved
efficiencies from our cost-saving technology and automated reordering initiatives which
allowed us to reduce labor expense as a percentage of revenue. These efficiencies in 2002,
combined with the additional general and administrative expenses of approximately $4.0
million we incurred in 2001 for a distributor convention held in Japan, which was not held
in 2002, contributed to the remaining decrease in general and administrative expenses as a
percentage of revenue. In U.S. dollar terms, general and administrative expenses decreased
to $285.2 million in 2002 from $288.6 million in 2001.
Other
income (expense), net
Other income
(expense), net was $2.9 million of expense in
2002 compared to $8.4 million of income in 2001. The decrease in other income (expense),
net is primarily related to the foreign exchange fluctuations to the U.S. dollar on the
translation of yen-based bank debt and other foreign denominated intercompany balances
into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. In 2001, the net $8.4 million of
income primarily included foreign exchange gains due to a weakened Japanese yen relative
to the U.S. dollar over 2000, while the net $2.9 million of expense in 2002 was due to a
strengthened Japanese yen relative to the U.S. dollar over 2001.
Provision
for income taxes
Provision for
income taxes increased to $38.1 million in 2002 from $29.5 million in 2001. This increase
was largely due to the increases in operating income as compared to the prior year. The
effective tax rate remained at 37.0% of pre-tax income for 2002 and 2001.
Net
income
As
a result of the foregoing factors, net income increased to $64.8 million in 2002 from
$50.3 million in 2001.
-51-
Liquidity and Capital
Resources
Historically,
our principal needs for funds have been for operating expenses including selling expenses,
working capital (principally inventory purchases), capital expenditures and the
development of operations in new markets. We have generally relied on cash flow from
operations to meet our cash needs and business objectives without incurring long-term debt
to fund operating activities.
We
typically generate positive cash flow from operations due to favorable gross margins, the
variable nature of selling expenses, which constitute a significant percentage of
operating expenses, and minimal capital requirements. We generated $109.0 million in cash
from operations in 2003 compared to $111.1 million in 2002. This decrease in cash
generated from operations in 2003 compared to the prior-year period is largely related to
the timing of payments of a higher amount of accrued expenses, including income taxes and
commissions to distributors, during the year ended December 31, 2003, compared to the same
prior-year period. These accrued expenses were substantially higher at December 31, 2002
than the amounts accrued at December 31, 2001 because revenue and profitability were
significantly higher in 2002 compared to 2001. The negative impact of these timing
differences was somewhat offset by our improved cash flow from inventory efficiencies.
As
of December 31, 2003, working capital was $143.6 million compared to $180.6 million as of
December 31, 2002. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2003 were $122.6 million and
were $120.3 million at December 31, 2002, following the use of $45.0 million of our cash
to repurchase shares of our common stock in October 2003 and $20.0 million to pay off our
revolving credit facility. This decrease in working capital was primarily due to the
increase in accrued liabilities and in the current portion of long-term debt.
Capital
expenditures, primarily for equipment, including the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner,
computer systems and software, office furniture and leasehold improvements, were $23.5
million for the year ended December 31, 2003. In addition, we anticipate capital
expenditures in 2004 of approximately $30 million to $35 million to further enhance our
infrastructure, including enhancements to computer systems and software, further expansion
of our retail stores, manufacturing and related infrastructure in Mainland China and
approximately $15 million to $20 million in purchases of additional Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanners, which we lease to our distributors.
We
maintain a $30.0 million revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. and Bank
One, N.A. for which Bank of America, N.A. acted as agent. Drawings on this revolving
credit facility may be used for working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes
including repurchases of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock. The revolving
credit facility is set to expire on May 10, 2004.
In
August 2003, we entered into a $125.0 million multi-currency private uncommitted shelf
facility with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. We utilized a portion of this shelf
facility and a portion of the revolving credit facility in a transaction in October 2003
involving the repurchase of our shares of Class A common stock noted below. This portion
of the long-term debt is U.S. dollar denominated, bears interest of approximately 4.5% per
annum and will be amortized in two tranches over five and seven years. As of December 31,
2003, there were no outstanding balances under our revolving credit facility. As of
December 31, 2003, we had $75.0 million outstanding under our shelf facility, $5.0 million
of which is included in the current portion of long-term debt.
-52-
In
addition to the $75.0 million currently outstanding under our long-term shelf facility,
our long-term debt includes the long-term portion of Japanese yen-denominated ten-year
senior notes issued to the Prudential Insurance Company of America in 2000. The notes bear
interest at an effective rate of 3.03% per annum and are due October 2010, with annual
principal payments beginning in October 2004. As of December 31, 2003, the outstanding
balance on the notes was 9.7 billion Japanese yen, or $90.4 million, $12.9 million of
which is included in the current portion of long-term debt. The Japanese notes and the
revolving and shelf credit facilities are secured by guarantees issued by our material
subsidiaries and by a pledge of 65% to 100% of the outstanding stock of our material
foreign subsidiaries.
In
October 2003, we repurchased approximately 10.8 million shares of Class A common stock
from certain members of our original stockholder group for approximately $141.6 million,
which includes $1.6 million of related expenses. These stockholders also sold
approximately 6.2 million additional shares of Class A common stock to third party
investors. The transaction also included the agreement among all participants in the
transaction to convert all of their remaining shares of super-voting Class B common stock
to Class A common stock and their agreement not to sell shares on the open market for two
years subject to certain exceptions. We financed the repurchase with $45.0 million from
existing cash balances, approximately $20.0 million from our revolving credit facility,
which was repaid prior to December 31, 2003, and $75.0 million in new long-term debt drawn
under the $125.0 million shelf facility. The terms and conditions of the repurchase were
approved by a special committee of our board of directors comprised solely of independent
directors. The special committee engaged its own financial and legal advisors in
connection with the repurchase transaction.
Since
August 1998, our board of directors has authorized us to repurchase up to $90.0 million of
our outstanding shares of Class A common stock. The repurchases are used primarily to fund
our equity incentive plans. During the year ended December 31, 2003, in addition to the
transaction referenced above, we repurchased approximately 0.8 million shares of Class A
common stock for an aggregate amount of approximately $8.4 million. Between August 1998
and December 31, 2003, we had repurchased a total of approximately 8.7 million shares of
Class A common stock for an aggregate price of approximately $81.6 million.
During
each quarter of 2003, our board of directors declared cash dividends of $0.07 per share
for all classes of common stock. These quarterly cash dividends totaled approximately
$21.9 million and were paid during 2003 to stockholders of record in 2003. On January 28,
2004, the board of directors declared a dividend to be paid in March 2004 of $0.08 per
share for all classes of common stock. In addition, we anticipate that our board of
directors will continue to declare quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from
operations will be sufficient to fund our future dividend payments. Assuming a quarterly
dividend declaration of $0.08 per share in 2004, dividends for the year will total
approximately $24.0 million. However, the declaration of dividends is subject to the
discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including our
net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors
deemed relevant by our board of directors.
We
believe we have sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our obligations on both a short-
and long-term basis. We currently believe that existing cash balances together with future
cash flows from operations will be adequate to fund our cash needs. The majority of our
historical expenses have been variable in nature and as such, a potential reduction in the
level of revenue would reduce our cash flow needs. Within the past year, however, fixed
costs associated with our retail store expansion in Mainland China and our manufacture of
Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanners have increased our capital needs beyond our historical
business model. In the event that our current cash balances, future cash flow from
-53-
operations and current lines of credit are not sufficient to meet our obligations or
strategic needs, we would consider raising additional funds in the debt or equity markets
or restructuring our current debt obligations. Additionally, we would consider realigning
our strategic plans including a reduction in capital spending and a reduction in the level
of stock repurchases or dividend payments.
The
following table sets forth payments due by period for fixed contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2003 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Total
| |
2004
| |
2005-2006
| |
2007-2008
| |
Thereafter
| |
Long-term debt obligations |
|
$ 165,403 |
|
$ 17,915 |
|
$ 45,830 |
|
$ 55,830 |
|
$ 45,828 |
|
Capital lease obligations | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
Operating lease obligations(1) | |
60,358 |
|
11,088 |
|
21,080 |
|
18,861 |
|
9,329 |
|
Purchase obligations(2) | |
61,651 |
|
36,235 |
|
17,002 |
|
1,894 |
|
6,520 |
|
Other long-term liabilities reflected on balance sheet(3) | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total | |
$ 287,412 |
|
$ 65,238 |
|
$ 83,912 |
|
$ 76,585 |
|
$ 61,677 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Operating leases includes corporate office and warehouse space with two entities that are owned by certain officers and directors
of our company who are also founding shareholders. Total payments under these leases were $3.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 2003 with remaining long-term obligations under these leases of $27.3 million. |
(2) |
|
The Company is also party to acquisition agreements pursuant to which contingent payments of up to $8.5 million and 1.2 million
shares of the Company's Class A common stock may be made if certain development and revenue targets are met. |
(3) |
|
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet primarily consist of long-term tax related balances, which totaled
$52.8 million as of December 31, 2003. |
Seasonality
In
addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends such
as major cultural events and vacation patterns. For example, most Asian markets celebrate
their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally has a negative
impact on that quarter. We believe that direct selling in Japan, the United States and
Europe is also generally negatively impacted during the month of August, which is in our
third quarter, when many individuals, including our distributors, traditionally take
vacations.
Distributor Information
The
following table provides information concerning the number of active and executive
distributors as of the dates indicated. Active distributors are those distributors and
preferred customers who were resident in the countries in which we operated and purchased
products for resale or personal consumption during the three months ended as of the date
indicated. An executive distributor is an active distributor who has achieved required
monthly personal and group sales volumes.
-54-
|
As of December 31, 2001
| |
As of December 31, 2002
| |
As of December 31, 2003
| |
|
Active
| |
Executive
| |
Active
| |
Executive
| |
Active
| |
Executive
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Asia |
|
319,000 |
|
16,891 |
|
322,000 |
|
17,668 |
|
321,000 |
|
17,013 |
|
Greater China(1) | |
74,000 |
|
2,698 |
|
73,000 |
|
3,564 |
|
187,000 |
|
5,991 |
|
North America | |
76,000 |
|
2,419 |
|
73,000 |
|
2,693 |
|
70,000 |
|
2,861 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
63,000 |
|
1,842 |
|
66,000 |
|
2,972 |
|
68,000 |
|
2,175 |
|
Other Markets | |
26,000 |
|
989 |
|
32,000 |
|
1,018 |
|
32,000 |
|
1,091 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total | |
558,000 |
|
24,839 |
|
566,000 |
|
27,915 |
|
678,000 |
|
29,131 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Following the opening of our retail business in Mainland China during 2003, active distributors includes 117,000 preferred
customers and executive distributors includes 3,100 employed, full-time sales representatives. |
Quarterly Results
The
following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly data for the periods shown:
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
|
1st
Quarter
| |
2nd
Quarter
| |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th
Quarter
| |
1st
Quarter
| |
2nd
Quarter
| |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th
Quarter
| |
|
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per share amounts) |
|
Revenue |
|
$ 216.1 |
|
$ 244.9 |
|
$ 252.9 |
|
$ 250.2 |
|
$ 219.6 |
|
$ 240.7 |
|
$ 250.2 |
|
$ 275.9 |
|
Gross profit | |
172.0 |
|
196.3 |
|
203.2 |
|
201.7 |
|
178.0 |
|
195.4 |
|
206.5 |
|
230.0 |
|
Operating income | |
20.5 |
|
30.4 |
|
25.9 |
|
29.0 |
|
19.7 |
|
25.7 |
|
24.5 |
|
37.4 |
|
Net income | |
12.9 |
|
18.0 |
|
15.9 |
|
18.0 |
|
12.8 |
|
16.8 |
|
15.1 |
|
23.1 |
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
0.16 |
|
0.22 |
|
0.20 |
|
0.22 |
|
0.16 |
|
0.21 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.32 |
|
Diluted | |
0.16 |
|
0.22 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.22 |
|
0.16 |
|
0.21 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.31 |
|
Recent Accounting
Pronouncements
In
November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantors Accounting
and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness
of Others. We have adopted this standard and it did not have a significant effect on
our financial statements.
In
April 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities, which is effective for contracts entered into or
modified after June 30, 2003 and for hedging relationships designated after June 30, 2003.
We have adopted this standard and it did not have a significant effect on our financial
statements.
In
December 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51. This accounting standard will
become effective beginning with the first quarter of 2004. We do not believe the adoption
of this standard will have a significant effect on our financial statements.
-55-
Currency Risk and
Exchange Rate Information
A
majority of our revenue and many of our expenses are recognized primarily outside of the
United States, except for inventory purchases which are primarily transacted in U.S.
dollars from vendors in the United States. The local currency of each of our
subsidiarys primary markets is considered the functional currency. All revenue and
expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the periods reported.
Therefore, our reported revenue and earnings will be positively impacted by a weakening of
the U.S. dollar and will be negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar.
Media reports have indicated that the Chinese government may begin to allow the RMB to
float more freely against the U.S. dollar and other major currencies. A strengthening of
the RMB would benefit our reported revenue and profits and a weakening of the RMB would
negatively impact reported revenue and profits. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate
fluctuations, we cannot estimate the effect of these fluctuations on our future business,
product pricing, and results of operations or financial condition.
We
seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the
use of foreign currency exchange contracts, through intercompany loans of foreign
currency, and through our Japanese yen denominated debt. We do not use derivative
financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We regularly monitor our
foreign currency risks and periodically take measures to reduce the impact of foreign
exchange fluctuations on our operating results.
Our
foreign currency derivatives are comprised of over-the-counter forward contracts with
major international financial institutions. As of December 31, 2003, we had $64.3 million
of these contracts with expiration dates through December 2004. All of these contracts
were denominated in Japanese yen. For the year ended December 31, 2003, we recorded losses
of $5.3 million in operating income, and losses of $3.2 million, net of tax, in other
comprehensive income related to the fair market valuation of our outstanding forward
contracts. Because of our foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2003, the impact of a
10% appreciation or 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen would not
represent a material potential loss in fair value, earnings or cash flows against these
contracts. This potential loss does not consider the underlying foreign currency
transaction or translation exposures to which we are subject.
Following
are the weighted average currency exchange rates of U.S. $1 into local currency for each
of our international or foreign markets in which revenue exceeded U.S. $5.0 million for at
least one of the quarters listed:
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
|
1st
Quarter
| |
2nd
Quarter
| |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th
Quarter
| |
1st
Quarter
| |
2nd
Quarter
| |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th
Quarter
| |
Japan(1) |
|
132.5 |
|
126.9 |
|
119.3 |
|
122.3 |
|
118.9 |
|
118.5 |
|
117.3 |
|
108.7 |
|
Taiwan | |
35.0 |
|
34.4 |
|
33.9 |
|
34.8 |
|
34.6 |
|
34.7 |
|
34.2 |
|
34.0 |
|
Hong Kong | |
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
South Korea | |
1,314.9 |
|
1,261.4 |
|
1,192.2 |
|
1,217.8 |
|
1,200.2 |
|
1,208.7 |
|
1,174.6 |
|
1,182.1 |
|
Singapore | |
1.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
1.7 |
|
1.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
1.7 |
|
Malaysia | |
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
Thailand | |
43.7 |
|
42.7 |
|
42.1 |
|
43.4 |
|
42.8 |
|
42.2 |
|
41.3 |
|
39.8 |
|
China(2) | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
8.3 |
|
8.3 |
|
8.3 |
|
8.3 |
|
(1) |
|
As
of February 27, 2004 the exchange rate of U.S. $1 into the Japanese yen was approximately
109.0. |
(2) |
|
We
commenced retail operations in Mainland China in January 2003. |
-56-
Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements
With
the exception of historical facts, the statements contained in Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Reform Act) which reflect our current
expectations and beliefs regarding our future results of operations, performance and
achievements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based upon
assumptions and beliefs that may not materialize. These forward-looking statements
include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
|
|
|
our
belief that existing cash and cash flow from operations will be adequate to fund cash
needs; |
|
|
|
the
expectation that we will spend $25 million to $30 million for capital expenditures during
2004 including approximately $15 million to $20 million for purchases of additional
scanners; |
|
|
|
the
anticipation that we will continue to declare quarterly cash dividends and that cash will
be sufficient to pay future dividends; |
|
|
|
our
belief that additional expenses related to the transition of some of our nutritional
supplements to tablet form in response to recent Japanese regulatory actions will not
have a material impact on our overall projected 2004 financial results, and our
expectation that all of our key Pharmanex products will remain in stock in Japan; |
|
|
|
our
belief that we can market the scanner as a non-medical device; and |
|
|
|
our
belief that the sale of our PEO and other modifications to our Big Planet strategy as
well as our self-manufacturing in China will continue to have a positive impact on gross
and operating margins. |
In
addition, when used in this report, the words or phrases will likely result,
expect, anticipate, will continue, intend,
plan, believe and similar expressions are intended to help
identify forward-looking statements.
We
wish to caution readers that our operating results are subject to various risks and
uncertainties that could cause our actual results and outcomes to differ materially from
those discussed or anticipated. Reference is made to the risks and uncertainties described
below and factors described herein in Item 1. Business Risk
Factors (which contain a more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties
related to our business). We also wish to advise readers not to place any undue reliance
on the forward-looking statements contained in this report, which reflect our beliefs and
expectations only as of the date of this report. We assume no obligation to update or
revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances or any
changes in our beliefs or expectations. Some of the risks and uncertainties that might
cause actual results to differ from those anticipated include, but are not limited to, the
following:
(a) |
|
Our
expansion of operations in Mainland China is subject to risks and
uncertainties. We have been subject to significant regulatory scrutiny and have
experienced challenges including interruption of sales activities at certain
stores and minor fines being paid in several cases. Because of restrictions on direct selling activities, we have implemented
a modified business model for this market using retail stores and an employed
sales force. We have at times received |
-57-
|
|
guidance from local regulators on
conducting our operations including limiting the size of our training meetings,
controlling the activities of our sales employees, controlling the distribution
of product outside of our stores, keeping the number of sales employees at
reasonable levels and limiting the involvement of our overseas distributors.
While we continuously update our operating model to address these concerns, we
believe we could experience similar challenges in the future as we expand
operations in Mainland China and continue to work with regulators to help them
understand our business model. Our operations in Mainland China may be modified
or otherwise harmed by regulatory changes, subjective interpretations of laws
or an inability to work effectively with national and local government
agencies. In addition, actions by overseas distributors or local sales
employees in violation of local laws could harm our efforts. |
(b) |
|
As
with any new technology, we have experienced technical, production and cost
issues in developing the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner. In addition, the FDA
has questioned its status as a non-medical device, and we are facing similar
uncertainties and regulatory issues in other markets, including Japan, with
respect to the status of the scanner as a non-medical device, which could delay
or negatively impact our plans for the scanner in these markets. If the full
launch or use of this tool is delayed or otherwise inhibited by production or
development issues, or if the FDA or other domestic or foreign government
agency takes formal action to prevent us from distributing the scanner as a
non-medical device, this could delay our distribution of the scanner and harm
our business. |
(c) |
|
Because
a substantial majority of our sales are generated in Asia, particularly Japan,
significant variations in operating results including revenue, gross margin and
earnings from those expected could be caused by: |
|
|
|
renewed
or sustained weakness of Asian economies or consumer confidence; |
|
|
|
weakening
of foreign currencies, particularly the Japanese yen; |
|
|
|
political
unrest or uncertainty; |
|
|
|
failure
of planned initiatives to generate continued interest and enthusiasm among distributors
in these markets or to attract new distributors; or |
|
|
|
any
problems with our expansion of operations in Mainland China into new cities, increasing
product offerings and attracting additional sales representatives. |
(d) |
|
The
network marketing and nutritional supplement industries are subject to various
laws and regulations throughout our markets, many of which involve a high level
of subjectivity and are inherently fact-based and subject to interpretation.
Recent negative publicity concerning stimulant-based supplements has spurred
efforts to change existing regulations or adopt new regulations in order to
impose further restrictions and regulatory control over the nutritional
supplement industry. If our existing business practices or products, or any new
initiatives or products, are challenged or found to contravene any of these
laws by any governmental agency or other third party, or if there are any
changes in regulations applicable to our business, our revenue and
profitability may be harmed. |
-58-
(e) |
|
There
is uncertainty whether the SARS epidemic or other communicable diseases could
return this winter, particularly in those Asian markets most affected by the
epidemic earlier in 2003. It is difficult to predict the impact, if any, of a
recurrence of SARS on our business. Although such an event could generate
increased sales of health/immune supplements and personal care products, our
direct selling and retail activities and results of operations could be harmed
if the fear of SARS causes people to avoid public places and interaction with
one another. |
(f) |
|
Many
countries have banned the importation of products that contain bovine materials
sourced from locations where Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly
referred to as mad cow disease, has been identified. The recent
discovery of BSE in a single cow in the United States prompted Japan and
certain other countries to ban the importation of bovine products, including
supplements encapsulated in bovine-sourced capsules. In the event we are unable
to successfully continue meeting product demand with non-bovine capsules or
tablets in these markets as a result of supply issues or production problems,
or if we experience quality problems, this could harm our business. |
(g) |
|
Our
ability to retain key and executive level distributors or to sponsor new
executive distributors is critical to our success. Because our products are
distributed exclusively through our distributors and we compete with other
direct selling companies in attracting distributors, our operating results
could be adversely affected if our existing and new business opportunities and
products do not generate sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain
our existing distributors or to sponsor new distributors on a sustained basis. |
ITEM 7A. |
|
QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
The
information required by Item 7A of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference from the
information contained in Item 7 Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Currency Risk and Exchange Rate
Information and Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
-59-
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
1. |
|
Financial
Statements. Set forth below is the index to the Financial Statements
included in this Item 8: |
|
Page | |
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2002 and 2003 |
|
61 |
|
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years
ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 | |
62 |
|
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 | |
63 |
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 | |
64 |
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | |
65 |
|
Report of Independent Auditors | |
84 |
|
2. |
|
Financial
Statement Schedules: Financial statement schedules have been omitted
because they are not required or are not applicable, or because the required
information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. |
-60-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets | |
Cash and cash equivalents | |
$ 120,341 |
|
$ 122,568 |
|
Accounts receivable | |
18,914 |
|
15,054 |
|
Inventories, net | |
88,306 |
|
83,338 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other | |
48,878 |
|
53,777 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
276,439 |
|
276,737 |
|
|
| |
| |
Property and equipment, net | |
55,342 |
|
60,528 |
|
Goodwill | |
118,768 |
|
118,768 |
|
Other intangible assets, net | |
69,181 |
|
67,572 |
|
Other assets | |
92,108 |
|
100,142 |
|
|
| |
| |
Total assets | |
$ 611,838 |
|
$ 623,747 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |
Current liabilities | |
Accounts payable | |
$ 17,992 |
|
$ 18,816 |
|
Accrued expenses | |
77,808 |
|
96,438 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt | |
-- |
|
17,915 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
95,800 |
|
133,169 |
|
|
| |
| |
Long-term debt | |
81,732 |
|
147,488 |
|
Other liabilities | |
47,820 |
|
52,842 |
|
|
| |
| |
Total liabilities | |
225,352 |
|
333,499 |
|
|
| |
| |
Stockholders' equity | |
Class A common stock - 500,000,000 shares authorized, $.001 par | |
value, 35,707,785 and 70,700,497 shares issued and outstanding | |
36 |
|
71 |
|
Class B common stock - 100,000,000 shares authorized, $.001 par | |
value, 45,362,854 and 6,466 shares issued and outstanding | |
45 |
|
-- |
|
Additional paid-in capital | |
69,803 |
|
(68,191 |
) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | |
(68,988 |
) |
(70,849 |
) |
Retained earnings | |
385,590 |
|
431,615 |
|
Deferred compensation | |
-- |
|
(2,398 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
386,486 |
|
290,248 |
|
|
| |
| |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | |
$ 611,838 |
|
$ 623,747 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-61-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
Revenue |
|
$ 885,621 |
|
$ 964,067 |
|
$ 986,457 |
|
Cost of sales | |
178,083 |
|
190,868 |
|
176,545 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Gross profit | |
707,538 |
|
773,199 |
|
809,912 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
347,452 |
|
382,159 |
|
407,088 |
|
General and administrative expenses | |
288,605 |
|
285,229 |
|
289,925 |
|
Restructuring and other charges | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
5,592 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Total operating expenses | |
636,057 |
|
667,388 |
|
702,605 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Operating income | |
71,481 |
|
105,811 |
|
107,307 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
8,380 |
|
(2,886 |
) |
432 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Income before provision for income taxes | |
79,861 |
|
102,925 |
|
107,739 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
29,548 |
|
38,082 |
|
39,863 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Net income | |
$ 50,313 |
|
$ 64,843 |
|
$ 67,876 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Net income per share: | |
Basic |
|
$ 0.60 |
|
$ 0.79 |
|
$ 0.86 |
|
Diluted |
|
$ 0.60 |
|
$ 0.78 |
|
$ 0.85 |
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding (000s): | |
Basic | |
83,472 |
|
81,731 |
|
78,637 |
|
Diluted | |
83,915 |
|
83,128 |
|
79,541 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-62-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share amounts)
|
Class A Common Stock
| |
Class B Common Stock
| |
Additional Paid-In Capital
| |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
| |
Retained Earnings
| |
Deferred Compensation
| |
Total Stockholders' Equity
| |
Balance at January 1, 2001 |
|
$ 31 |
|
$ 54 |
|
$ 106,284 |
|
$ (45,347 |
) |
$ 306,458 |
|
$ (747 |
) |
$ 366,733 |
|
Net income | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
50,313 |
|
-- |
|
50,313 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(8,298 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(8,298 |
) |
Net unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
8,776 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
8,776 |
|
Net gain reclassified into current earnings | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(4,616 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(4,616 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,175 |
|
Repurchase of 2,491,000 shares of Class A common stock |
|
(3 |
) |
-- |
|
(18,136 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(18,139 |
) |
Conversion of shares | |
5 |
|
(5 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
Amortization of deferred compensation | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
747 |
|
747 |
|
Exercise of distributor and employee stock options | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
805 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
805 |
|
Cash dividends | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(16,431 |
) |
-- |
|
(16,431 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Balance at December 31, 2001 | |
33 |
|
49 |
|
88,953 |
|
(49,485 |
) |
340,340 |
|
-- |
|
379,890 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
64,843 |
|
-- |
|
64,843 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(10,031 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(10,031 |
) |
Net unrealized losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(6,567 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(6,567 |
) |
Net gain reclassified into current earnings | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(2,905 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(2,905 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,340 |
|
Repurchase of 1,682,000 shares of Class A
common stock (Notes 3 and 10) | |
(1 |
) |
-- |
|
(20,585 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(20,586 |
) |
Conversion of shares | |
4 |
|
(4 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
Purchase of long-term assets | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
936 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
936 |
|
Exercise of distributor and employee stock options | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
1,261 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
1,261 |
|
Forfeiture of stock options | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(762 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(762 |
) |
Cash dividends | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(19,593 |
) |
-- |
|
(19,593 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Balance at December 31, 2002 | |
36 |
|
45 |
|
69,803 |
|
(68,988 |
) |
385,590 |
|
-- |
|
386,486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
67,876 |
|
-- |
|
67,876 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(1,736 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(1,736 |
) |
Net unrealized losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(3,171 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(3,171 |
) |
Net loss reclassified into current earnings | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
3,046 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
3,046 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
66,015 |
|
Repurchase of 11,622,000 shares of Class A common stock
(Note 10) | |
(12 |
) |
-- |
|
(149,997 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(150,009 |
) |
Conversion of shares | |
45 |
|
(45 |
) |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
Issuance of employee stock awards | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
3,113 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(3,113 |
) |
-- |
|
Amortization of deferred compensation | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
715 |
|
715 |
|
Exercise of distributor and employee stock options | |
2 |
|
-- |
|
8,890 |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
8,892 |
|
Cash dividends | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
(21,851 |
) |
-- |
|
(21,851 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Balance at December 31, 2003 | |
$ 71 |
|
$ -- |
|
$ (68,191 |
) |
$ (70,849 |
) |
$ 431,615 |
|
$ (2,398 |
) |
$ 290,248 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-63-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
$ 50,313 |
|
$ 64,843 |
|
$ 67,876 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided | |
by operating activities: | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
31,679 |
|
21,602 |
|
22,369 |
|
Amortization of deferred compensation | |
747 |
|
-- |
|
715 |
|
(Gain)/loss on sale of assets | |
(2,328 |
) |
(1,328 |
) |
525 |
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
Accounts receivable | |
(1,127 |
) |
404 |
|
3,860 |
|
Related parties receivable | |
215 |
|
5,971 |
|
-- |
|
Inventories, net | |
(2,240 |
) |
(4,051 |
) |
4,968 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other | |
(891 |
) |
(3,674 |
) |
11,714 |
|
Other assets | |
8,491 |
|
12,473 |
|
(7,965 |
) |
Accounts payable | |
(1,104 |
) |
3,259 |
|
824 |
|
Accrued expenses | |
(10,706 |
) |
14,160 |
|
1,176 |
|
Related parties payable | |
(1,898 |
) |
(6,967 |
) |
-- |
|
Other liabilities | |
3,266 |
|
4,424 |
|
2,964 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Net cash provided by operating activities | |
74,417 |
|
111,116 |
|
109,026 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Cash flows from investing activities: | |
Purchase of property and equipment | |
(15,126 |
) |
(19,026 |
) |
(23,518 |
) |
Purchase of long-term assets | |
-- |
|
(7,505 |
) |
-- |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Net cash used in investing activities | |
(15,126 |
) |
(26,531 |
) |
(23,518 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Cash flows from financing activities: | |
Payments of cash dividends | |
(16,431 |
) |
(19,593 |
) |
(21,851 |
) |
Repurchase of shares of common stock | |
(18,139 |
) |
(14,158 |
) |
(150,009 |
) |
Exercise of distributor and employee stock options | |
805 |
|
1,261 |
|
8,892 |
|
Proceeds from long-term debt | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
75,000 |
|
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
20,000 |
|
Payments on revolving credit facility | |
-- |
|
-- |
|
(20,000 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Net cash used in financing activities | |
(33,765 |
) |
(32,490 |
) |
(87,968 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | |
(13,599 |
) |
(7,677 |
) |
4,687 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | |
11,927 |
|
44,418 |
|
2,227 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | |
63,996 |
|
75,923 |
|
120,341 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | |
$ 75,923 |
|
$ 120,341 |
|
$ 122,568 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-64-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
1. The Company
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the Company) is a leading, global direct selling
company. The Company develops and distributes premium-quality, innovative personal care
products and nutritional supplements that are sold worldwide under the Nu Skin and
Pharmanex brands. The Company also markets technology products and services and a line of
home care products under the Big Planet brand. The Company reports revenue from five
geographic regions: North Asia, which consists of Japan and South Korea; Greater China,
which consists of Mainland China, Hong Kong (including Macau) and Taiwan; North America,
which consists of the United States and Canada; South Asia/Pacific, which consists of
Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand; and Other
Markets, which consists of Brazil, Europe, Guatemala and Mexico (the Companys
subsidiaries operating in these countries are collectively referred to as the
Subsidiaries).
2. Summary of
Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation
The
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the
Subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in
consolidation.
Use of estimates
The
preparation of these financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America required management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure
of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant
estimates include reserves for product returns, obsolete inventory and taxes. Actual
results could differ from these estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash
equivalents are short-term, highly liquid instruments with original maturities of 90 days
or less.
Inventories
Inventories
consist primarily of merchandise purchased for resale and are stated at the lower of cost
or market, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company had reserves for obsolete
inventory totaling $6.7 million, $5.7 million and $5.4 million as of December 31, 2001,
2002 and 2003, respectively.
Property and equipment
Property
and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the
following estimated useful lives:
-65-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
5 - 7 years |
|
Computers and equipment | |
3 - 5 years | |
Leasehold improvements | |
Shorter of estimated useful life or lease term | |
Vehicles | |
3 - 5 years | |
Expenditures
for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
Goodwill and other
intangible assets
Under
the provisions of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142
(SFAS 142), Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, the Companys
goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized, but
instead are tested for impairment at least annually. In addition, the Companys
intangible assets with definite lives are recorded at cost and are amortized over their
respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and are reviewed for
impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal
of Long-Lived Assets (Note 5).
The
Company is required to make judgments regarding the useful life of its intangible assets.
With the implementation of SFAS 142, the Company determined certain intangible assets to
have indefinite lives based upon its analysis of the requirements of SFAS 142 as well as
an independent third party evaluation of such lives, which was conducted in 2001. These
intangible assets include trademarks and trade names, distributor network, and marketing
rights to operate the Companys business in various foreign markets. In connection
with a registration statement the Company filed in October 2003, the Staff of the
Securities and Exchange Commission has commented on and sought additional support for the
indefinite life designation of these assets. This review is on-going and if it is determined that any of these assets
has a finite life, the Company would amortize the value of that asset over
the remainder of such finite life, which annual amortization expense the Company does not
believe would be material to its operating results. The amortization expense would be a
non-cash expense that would not impact the Companys cash flow from operations.
Revenue recognition
Revenue
is recognized when products are shipped, which is when title passes to independent
distributors who are the Companys customers. A reserve for product returns is
accrued based on historical experience. The Company generally requires cash or credit card
payment at the point of sale. The Company has determined that no allowance for doubtful
accounts is necessary. Amounts received prior to shipment and title passage to
distributors are recorded as deferred revenue. Our global compensation plan for our
distributors does not provide rebates or selling discounts to distributors who purchase
our products and services.
Advertising expense
Advertising
costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense incurred for the years ended December
31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 totaled approximately $1.8 million, $2.8 million and $1.4 million,
respectively.
-66-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
Research and development
The
Companys research and development activities are conducted primarily through its
Pharmanex division. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and totaled
$7.1 million, $6.9 million and $6.4 million in 2001, 2002 and 2003 respectively.
Income taxes
The
Company follows the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between
financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the
enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to
reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets
to the amounts expected to be ultimately realized. The Company accounts for any income tax
contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies.
Net income per share
Net
income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the periods presented. Additionally, diluted earnings per share data
gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the
periods presented.
Foreign currency
translation
Most
of the Companys business operations occur outside the United States. The local
currency of each of the Companys subsidiarys primary markets is considered its
functional currency. All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at
exchange rates existing at the balance sheet dates, revenue and expenses are translated at
weighted average exchange rates, and stockholders equity is recorded at historical
exchange rates. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a
separate component of stockholders equity in the consolidated balance sheets, and
transaction gains and losses are included in other income and expense in the consolidated
financial statements.
Fair value of financial
instruments
The
carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts
receivable, accounts payable and notes payable approximate fair values. The carrying
amount of long-term debt approximates fair value because the applicable interest rates
approximate current market rates. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in
time, based on relevant market information.
Stock-based compensation
The
Company measures compensation expense for its stock-based employee compensation plans,
which are described in Note 11. SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation, encourages, but does not require, companies to record compensation cost
for stock-based employee compensation plans based on the fair market value of options
granted. The Company has chosen to account for stock- based compensation granted to
employees using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting
-67-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
Principles Board
(APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and
related interpretations. Accordingly, because the grant price equals the market price on
the date of grant for options issued by the Company, no compensation expense is recognized
for stock options issued to employees. However, stock-based compensation granted to
non-employees, such as the Companys independent distributors and consultants, is
accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 123. On December 31, 2002, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock
Based Compensation Transition and Disclosure, which amended SFAS No. 123. SFAS
No. 148 requires more prominent and frequent disclosures about the effects of stock-based
compensation. The Company will continue to account for its stock based compensation
granted to employees according to the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25. Had compensation
cost for the Companys stock options been recognized based upon the estimated fair
value on the grant date under the fair value methodology prescribed by SFAS No. 123, as
amended by SFAS No. 148, the Companys net earnings and earnings per share would have
been as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
Net income, as reported |
|
$ 50,313 |
|
$ 64,843 |
|
$ 67,876 |
|
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation
expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects | |
(1,886 |
) |
(5,450 |
) |
(5,274 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Pro forma net income | |
48,427 |
|
59,393 |
|
62,602 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Earnings per share: | |
Basic - as reported | |
$ 0.60 |
|
$ 0.79 |
|
$ 0.86 |
|
Basic - pro forma | |
$ 0.58 |
|
$ 0.73 |
|
$ 0.80 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Diluted - as reported | |
$ 0.60 |
|
$ 0.78 |
|
$ 0.85 |
|
Diluted - pro forma | |
$ 0.58 |
|
$ 0.71 |
|
$ 0.79 |
|
Reporting comprehensive
income
Comprehensive
income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from
transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources, and it includes all
changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and
distributions to owners.
Accounting for derivative
instruments and hedging activities
The
Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities, with the instruments
measured at fair value as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133
(SFAS 133).
The
Companys Subsidiaries enter into significant transactions with each other and third
parties that may not be denominated in the respective Subsidiaries functional
currencies. The Company regularly monitors its foreign currency risks and seeks to reduce
its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates through the use of foreign currency
exchange contracts and through certain intercompany loans of foreign currency.
-68-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
The
Company hedges its exposure to future cash flows from forecasted transactions over a
maximum period of 12 months. Hedge effectiveness is assessed at inception and throughout
the life of the hedge to ensure the hedge qualifies for hedge accounting treatment.
Changes in fair value associated with hedge ineffectiveness, if any, are recorded in the
results of operations currently. In the event that an anticipated transaction is no longer
likely to occur, the Company recognizes the change in fair value of the derivative in its
results of operations currently.
Changes
in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in current earnings or accumulated other
comprehensive loss, depending on the intended use of the derivative and its resulting
designation. The gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss stemming from
these derivatives will be reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged
forecasted transaction affects earnings. The fair value of the receivable and payable
amounts related to these unrealized gains and losses is classified as other current assets
and liabilities. The Company does not use such derivative financial instruments for
trading or speculative purposes. Gains and losses on certain intercompany loans of foreign
currency are recorded as other income and expense in the consolidated statements of
income.
New pronouncements
In
November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and
Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of
Others. The Company has adopted this standard and it did not have a significant effect
on its financial statements.
In
April 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 149, Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities, which is effective for contracts entered into or
modified after June 30, 2003, and for hedging relationships designated after June 30,
2003. The Company has adopted this standard and it did not have a significant effect on
its financial statements.
In
December 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51. This accounting standard will
become effective beginning with the first quarter of 2004. The Company does not believe
the adoption of this standard will have a significant effect on its financial statements.
3. Related Party
Transactions
Certain relationships
with stockholder distributors
Two
stockholders of the Company have been independent distributors for the Company since 1984.
These stockholders are partners in an entity that receives substantial commissions from
the Company. By agreement, the Company pays commissions to this partnership at the highest
level of distributor compensation. The commissions paid to this partnership were $3.5
million, $3.3 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and
2003, respectively.
-69-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
Loan to stockholder
On
May 3, 2002, a $5.0 million loan to a non-management stockholder was repaid, together with
accrued interest, with approximately 440,000 shares of the Companys Class A common
stock.
Promissory Note
On
August 14, 2002, the Company paid the remaining balance (approximately $6.0 million) of
the promissory note issued by the Company to a related party in connection with the
Companys acquisition of Big Planet, Inc. in 1999. In addition, the Company
negotiated a settlement of a receivable from a related party by accepting a cash payment
of $2.4 million to satisfy an obligation related to outstanding distributor stock options,
which obligation was previously payable upon exercise of each outstanding stock option.
Lease agreements
The
Company leases corporate office and warehouse space from two entities that are owned by
certain officers and directors of the Company. Total lease payments to these two
affiliated entities were $3.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002
and 2003 with remaining long-term obligations under these operating leases of $29.8
million and $27.3 million at December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
4. Property and Equipment
Property
and equipment are comprised of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Furniture and fixtures |
|
$ 37,747 |
|
$ 38,632 |
|
Computers and equipment | |
81,351 |
|
87,644 |
|
Leasehold improvements | |
28,032 |
|
36,123 |
|
Vehicles | |
1,939 |
|
2,580 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
149,069 |
|
164,979 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation | |
(93,727 |
) |
(104,451 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
$ 55,342 |
|
$ 60,528 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
Depreciation
of property and equipment totaled $16.6 million, $17.2 million and $18.3 million for the
years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
5. Goodwill and Other
Intangible Assets
Goodwill
and other intangible assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
-70-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
|
Carrying Amount at
December 31,
|
|
Goodwill and other indefinite life intangible assets: | |
2002
| |
2003
| |
Goodwill |
|
$ 118,768 |
|
$ 118,768 |
|
Trademarks and tradenames | |
22,493 |
|
22,840 |
|
Marketing rights | |
12,266 |
|
12,266 |
|
Distributor network | |
4,081 |
|
4,081 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
$ 157,608 |
|
$ 157,955 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
|
December 31, 2002
| |
December 31, 2003
|
|
Other finite life intangible assets: | |
Gross Carrying
Amount
| |
Accumulated
Amortization
| |
Gross Carrying
Amount
| |
Accumulated
Amortization
| |
Developed technology |
|
$ 22,500 |
|
$ 6,841 |
|
$ 22,500 |
|
$ 7,666 |
|
Other | |
25,105 |
|
10,423 |
|
27,201 |
|
13,650 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
$ 47,605 |
|
$ 17,264 |
|
$ 49,701 |
|
$ 21,316 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Amortization
of finite-lived intangible assets totaled $4.8 million, $4.4 million and $4.1 million for
the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. Annual estimated
amortization expense is expected to approximate $4.5 million for each of the five
succeeding fiscal years.
The
Company adopted SFAS No. 142 effective January 1, 2002. Under the new standard, goodwill
and indefinite life intangible assets are no longer amortized but are subject to annual
impairment tests. Other intangible assets with finite lives, such as developed technology,
will continue to be amortized over their useful lives. The transitional and annual
impairment tests were completed and did not result in an impairment charge.
In
accordance with SFAS No. 142, prior period amounts were not restated. A reconciliation of
the previously reported net income and earnings per share for the year ended December 31,
2001, to the amounts adjusted for the reduction of amortization expense, net of the
related income tax effect, is as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share
amounts):
|
2001
| |
Reported net income |
|
$ 50,313 |
|
Add: amortization adjustment | |
6,352 |
|
|
| |
Adjusted | |
$ 56,665 |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Reported basic EPS | |
$ .60 |
|
Add: amortization adjustment | |
.08 |
|
|
| |
Adjusted | |
$ .68 |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Reported diluted EPS | |
$ .60 |
|
Add: amortization adjustment | |
.08 |
|
|
| |
Adjusted | |
$ .68 |
|
|
| |
|
| |
-71-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
6. Other Assets
Other
assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Deferred taxes |
|
$ 65,708 |
|
$ 70,010 |
|
Deposits for noncancelable operating leases | |
14,084 |
|
15,912 |
|
Other | |
12,316 |
|
14,220 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
$ 92,108 |
|
$ 100,142 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
7. Accrued Expenses
Accrued
expenses consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31,
|
|
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Income taxes payable |
|
$ 10,761 |
|
$ 7,792 |
|
Accrued commission payments to distributors | |
34,627 |
|
39,405 |
|
Other taxes payable | |
7,860 |
|
8,916 |
|
Accrued payroll and payroll taxes | |
12,595 |
|
14,618 |
|
Other accruals | |
11,965 |
|
25,707 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
$ 77,808 |
|
$ 96,438 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
8. Long-Term Debt
The
Company maintains a $30.0 million revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A. and
Bank One, N.A. for which Bank of America, N.A. acted as agent. Drawings on this revolving
credit facility may be used for working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes
including repurchases of the Companys outstanding shares of Class A common stock.
The revolving credit facility is set to expire on May 10, 2004.
In
August 2003, the Company entered into a $125.0 million multi-currency private uncommitted
shelf facility with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. The Company utilized a portion
of this shelf facility and a portion of the revolving credit facility in a transaction
involving the repurchase of its shares of Class A common stock, see Note 10. This portion
of the long-term debt is U.S. dollar denominated, bears interest of approximately 4.5% per
annum and will be amortized in two tranches over five and seven years. As of December 31,
2003, there were no outstanding balances under the revolving credit facility. As of
December 31, 2003, the Company had $75.0 million outstanding under the shelf facility,
$5.0 million of which is included in the current portion of long-term debt.
The
Companys debt also includes Japanese yen-denominated ten-year senior notes issued to
The Prudential Insurance Company of America in 2000. These notes bear interest at an
effective rate of 3.03% per annum and are due October 2010, with annual principal payments
beginning in October 2004. The outstanding balance on the notes was 9.7 billion Japanese
yen, or $81.7 million and $90.4 million as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively. As
of December 31, 2003, the current portion of this long-term debt was $12.9 million. The
Japanese notes and the revolving and shelf credit facilities are
-72-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
secured by guarantees
issued by the Companys material Subsidiaries and by a pledge of 65% to 100% of the
outstanding stock of its material foreign Subsidiaries.
Interest
expense relating to the long-term debt totaled $2.5 million, $2.4 million and $3.2 million
for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
The
notes and shelf facility contain other terms and conditions and affirmative and negative
financial covenants customary for credit facilities of this type. As of December 31, 2003,
the Company is in compliance with all financial covenants under the notes and shelf
facility.
Maturities
of all long-term debt at December 31, 2003, based on the year end exchange rate, are as
follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,
| |
|
2004 |
|
$ 17,915 |
|
2005 | |
17,915 |
|
2006 | |
27,915 |
|
2007 | |
27,915 |
|
2008 | |
27,915 |
|
Thereafter | |
45,828 |
|
|
| |
Total | |
$ 165,403 |
|
|
| |
|
| |
9. Lease Obligations
The
Company leases office space and computer hardware under noncancelable long-term operating
leases. Most leases include renewal options of up to three years. Minimum future operating
lease obligations at December 31, 2003 are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31,
| |
|
2004 |
|
$ 11,088 |
|
2005 | |
10,713 |
|
2006 | |
10,367 |
|
2007 | |
9,727 |
|
2008 | |
9,134 |
|
Thereafter | |
9,329 |
|
|
| |
Total minimum lease payments | |
$ 60,358 |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Rental
expense for operating leases totaled $19.2 million, $21.0 million and $24.2 million for
the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
10. Capital Stock
The
Companys authorized capital stock consists of 25 million shares of preferred stock,
par value $.001 per share, 500 million shares of Class A common stock, par value $.001 per
share and 100 million shares of Class B common stock, par value $.001 per share. The
shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical in all respects,
except for voting rights and certain conversion rights
-73-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
and transfer restrictions, as
follows: (1) each share of Class A common stock entitles the holder to one vote on matters
submitted to a vote of the Companys stockholders and each share of Class B common
stock entitles the holder to ten votes on each such matter; (2) stock dividends of Class A
common stock may be paid only to holders of Class A common stock and stock dividends of
Class B common stock may be paid only to holders of Class B common stock; (3) if a holder
of Class B common stock transfers such shares to a person other than a permitted
transferee, as defined in the Companys Certificate of Incorporation, such shares
will be converted automatically into shares of Class A common stock; and (4) Class A
common stock has no conversion rights; however, each share of Class B common stock is
convertible into one share of Class A common stock, in whole or in part, at any time at
the option of the holder. Substantially all of the Class B shares were converted to Class
A shares in November 2003 and by May 2004 all remaining shares will be converted.
Weighted average common
shares outstanding
The
following is a reconciliation of the weighted average common shares outstanding for
purposes of computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding |
|
83,472 |
|
81,731 |
|
78,637 |
|
Effect of dilutive securities: | |
Stock awards and options | |
443 |
|
1,397 |
|
904 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | |
83,915 |
|
83,128 |
|
79,541 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
For
the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, other stock options totaling 2.8
million, 2.7 million and 2.9 million, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of
diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
Repurchases of common
stock
Since
August 1998, the board of directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to $90.0
million of the Companys outstanding shares of Class A common stock. The repurchases
are used primarily to fund the Companys equity incentive plans. During the years
ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, the Company repurchased approximately 2.5 million,
1.2 million and 0.8 million shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate price of
approximately $18.1 million, $14.2 million and $8.4 million, respectively, in addition to
the transaction referenced below. Between August 1998 and December 31, 2003, the Company
had repurchased a total of approximately 8.7 million shares of Class A common stock for an
aggregate price of approximately $81.6 million.
Additionally,
in October 2003, the Company repurchased approximately 10.8 million shares of Class A
common stock from certain members of the Companys original stockholder group for
approximately $141.6 million, which included $1.6 million of related expenses. These
stockholders also sold approximately 6.2 million additional shares of Class A common stock
to third party investors. The transaction also included the agreement among all
participants in the transaction to convert all of their remaining shares of super-voting
Class B common stock to Class A common stock. The terms and
-74-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
conditions of the repurchase
were approved by a special committee of the Companys board of directors comprised
solely of independent directors. The special committee engaged its own financial and legal
advisors in connection with the repurchase transaction. The Company financed the
repurchase with $45.0 million from existing cash balances, approximately $20.0 million
from its revolving credit facility, which was repaid prior to December 31, 2003 and $75.0
million in new long-term debt drawn under the $125.0 million shelf facility.
Conversion of common stock
During
2001, 2002 and 2003, the holders of the Class B common stock converted approximately 4.6
million, 3.5 million and 45.4 million shares of Class B common stock to Class A common
stock, respectively. The conversion of 45.4 million shares of Class B common stock was
part of the repurchase transaction described above. As of December 31, 2003, all but 6,466
shares of the outstanding Class B common stock had been converted to Class A common stock
and by May 2004, these remaining shares will be converted to Class A common stock.
11. Equity Incentive
Plans
During
the year ended December 31, 1996, the Companys board of directors adopted the Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc., 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan). The 1996 Stock Incentive Plan provides for granting of stock awards and
options to purchase common stock to executives, other employees, independent consultants
and directors of the Company and its Subsidiaries. On February 7, 2003, the board of
directors authorized and the shareholders approved an amendment to the plan increasing the
number of shares available for grant from 8 million to 13 million. As of December 31,
2003, approximately 8.2 million shares have been granted.
In
2001 the Company offered to exchange certain outstanding options to purchase shares of Nu
Skins Class A common stock held by eligible optionholders granted under the 1996
Stock Incentive Plan having an exercise price equal to or greater than $10.00 per share
for new options to purchase shares of Nu Skins Class A common stock. A total of 90
employees tendered 950,125 options to purchase the Companys Class A common stock,
which options were cancelled on October 17, 2001, in return for commitments of new grants
on the grant date of April 19, 2002. These new option grants were issued on April 19, 2002
at an exercise price of $12.45 per share.
Effective
November 21, 1996, the Company implemented a one-time distributor equity incentive program
which provided for grants of options to selected distributors for the purchase of
1,605,000 shares of the Companys Class A common stock. The options were exercisable
at a price of $5.75 per share and vested one year from the effective date. The Company
recorded distributor stock expense of $19.9 million over the vesting period. As of
December 31, 2003, this one-time distributor equity incentive program concluded. At that
date, approximately 1.2 million of these options had been exercised throughout the years
of the program and the remaining options were either cancelled or forfeited.
Pursuant
to the acquisition of Pharmanex in 1998, the Company assumed outstanding options under two
stock option plans. The options were converted into the right to purchase approximately
261,000 shares of the Companys Class A common stock.
-75-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
The
deferred compensation at December 21, 2003 represents a restricted stock award of 250,000
shares of the Companys Class A common stock granted to the Companys newly
appointed Chief Executive Officer and President in 2003, which vests over four years. The
Company is amortizing this deferred expense over the vesting period. Compensation expense
for this restricted stock award totaled $0.7 million in 2003.
A
summary of the Companys stock option plans as of December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003
and changes during the years then ended, is presented below:
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
|
|
|
Shares (in 000s)
| |
Weighted Average Exercise Price
| |
Shares (in 000s)
| |
Weighted Average Exercise Price
| |
Shares (in 000s)
| |
Weighted Average Exercise Price
| |
Outstanding - beginning of year |
|
5,838.9 |
|
$ 10.89 |
|
5,177.1 |
|
$ 9.84 |
|
6,824.6 |
|
$ 10.46 |
|
Granted at fair value | |
902.5 |
|
7.49 |
|
2,103.4 |
|
11.90 |
|
1,728.1 |
|
10.82 |
|
Exercised | |
(138.0 |
) |
5.76 |
|
(204.5 |
) |
6.34 |
|
(1,289.8 |
) |
6.82 |
|
Forfeited/canceled | |
(1,426.3 |
) |
13.03 |
|
(251.4 |
) |
13.25 |
|
(491.0 |
) |
6.34 |
|
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
Outstanding - end of year | |
5,177.1 |
|
9.84 |
|
6,824.6 |
|
10.46 |
|
6,771.9 |
|
11.54 |
|
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
Options exercisable at year-end | |
2,501.7 |
|
$ 9.76 |
|
3,349.1 |
|
$ 9.60 |
|
3,225.0 |
|
$ 11.44 |
|
The
following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at
December 31, 2003:
|
Options Outstanding
| |
Options Exercisable
| |
|
Exercise Price Range
| |
Shares (in 000s)
| |
Weighted Average Exercise Price
| |
Weighted Average Years Remaining
| |
Shares (in 000s)
| |
Weighted Average Exercise Price
| |
$0.92 to $5.75 |
|
89.2 |
|
$ 5.40 |
|
4.79 |
|
89.2 |
|
$ 5.40 |
|
$6.50 to $11.00 | |
2,974.5 |
|
8.21 |
|
7.42 |
|
1,650.1 |
|
7.84 |
|
$11.50 to $16.00 | |
2,838.7 |
|
12.38 |
|
8.31 |
|
926.9 |
|
12.79 |
|
$17.00 to $28.50 | |
869.5 |
|
20.82 |
|
7.49 |
|
558.8 |
|
20.82 |
|
|
| | | |
| | |
| |
6,771.9 |
|
11.54 |
|
7.49 |
|
3,225.0 |
|
11.44 |
|
|
| | | |
| | |
|
| | | |
| | |
The
fair value for these options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes
option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
4.5 |
% |
|
3.6 |
% |
|
2.7 |
% |
|
Expected life |
|
2.9 |
years |
|
3.3 |
years |
|
3.8 |
years |
|
Expected volatility | |
60.0 |
% |
|
52.7 |
% |
|
54.2 |
% |
|
Expected dividend yield |
|
2.8 |
% |
|
2.2 |
% |
|
2.3 |
% |
|
-76-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
The
weighted-average grant date fair values of options granted during 2001, 2002 and 2003 were
$3.12, $4.18 and $3.92, respectively.
Effective
February 1, 2000, the Companys board of directors adopted the Employee Stock
Purchase Plan (the Purchase Plan), which provides for the issuance of a
maximum of 200,000 shares of Class A common stock. Eligible employees can have up to 15%
of their earnings withheld, up to certain maximums, to be used to purchase shares of the
Companys Class A common stock on every April 30, July 31, October 31 or January 31
(the Purchase Date). The price of the Class A common stock purchased under the
Purchase Plan will be equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Class A
common stock on the commencement date of each three-month offering period or Purchase
Date. During 2003, approximately 19,000 shares were purchased at prices ranging from $7.61
to $9.72 per share. At December 31, 2003, approximately 133,000 shares were available
under the Purchase Plan for future issuance.
12. Income Taxes
Consolidated
income before provision for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
U.S. |
|
$ 45,266 |
|
$ 68,540 |
|
$ 102,341 |
|
Foreign | |
34,595 |
|
34,385 |
|
5,398 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Total | |
$ 79,861 |
|
$ 102,925 |
|
$ 107,739 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
The
provision for current and deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and
2003 consists of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| |
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal | |
$ 1,812 |
|
$ 2,800 |
|
$ 1,709 |
|
State | |
2,078 |
|
4,548 |
|
3,049 |
|
Foreign | |
25,529 |
|
26,957 |
|
57,573 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
29,419 |
|
34,305 |
|
62,311 |
|
Deferred | |
Federal | |
3,330 |
|
6,819 |
|
16,641 |
|
State | |
(242 |
) |
(1,268 |
) |
676 |
|
Foreign | |
(2,959 |
) |
(1,774 |
) |
(39,765 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
129 |
|
3,777 |
|
(22,448 |
) |
|
| |
| |
| |
Provision for income taxes | |
$ 29,548 |
|
$ 38,082 |
|
$ 39,863 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
-77-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
The
principal components of deferred tax assets are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31,
2002
| |
December 31,
2003
| |
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory differences | |
$ 5,878 |
|
$ 4,390 |
|
Foreign tax credit | |
26,286 |
|
10,810 |
|
Distributor stock options and employee stock awards | |
4,484 |
|
48 |
|
Capitalized legal and professional | |
793 |
|
679 |
|
Accrued expenses not deductible until paid | |
21,931 |
|
20,097 |
|
Withholding tax | |
3,587 |
|
3,773 |
|
Minimum tax credit | |
16,143 |
|
18,380 |
|
Foreign deferred tax assets | |
-- |
|
18,919 |
|
Net operating losses | |
3,122 |
|
1,103 |
|
Controlled foreign corporation net losses | |
5,962 |
|
6,465 |
|
Capitalized research and development | |
6,856 |
|
8,803 |
|
Prepaid selling expenses | |
10,385 |
|
10,992 |
|
Other | |
-- |
|
2,200 |
|
|
| |
| |
Total deferred tax assets | |
105,427 |
|
106,659 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
Deferred tax liabilities: | |
Foreign deferred tax | |
20,846 |
|
-- |
|
Exchange gains and losses | |
9,881 |
|
7,762 |
|
Pharmanex intangibles step-up | |
16,542 |
|
16,256 |
|
Amortization of intangibles | |
2,975 |
|
4,410 |
|
Other | |
6,005 |
|
4,115 |
|
|
| |
| |
Total deferred tax liabilities | |
56,249 |
|
32,543 |
|
|
| |
| |
Deferred taxes, net | |
$ 49,178 |
|
$ 74,116 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
The components
of deferred taxes, net on a classified basis are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2002
| |
2003
| |
Current deferred tax assets |
|
$ 39,719 |
|
$ 36,649 |
|
Noncurrent deferred tax assets | |
65,708 |
|
70,010 |
|
|
| |
| |
Total deferred tax assets | |
105,427 |
|
106,659 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
Current deferred tax liabilities | |
10,665 |
|
1,369 |
|
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities | |
45,584 |
|
31,174 |
|
|
| |
| |
Total deferred tax liabilities | |
56,249 |
|
32,543 |
|
|
| |
| |
Deferred taxes, net | |
$ 49,178 |
|
$ 74,116 |
|
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
The
Company has considered projected future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies
in determining that no valuation allowance is required.
The
net operating loss carryforwards expire in 2018, while the foreign tax credits expire
during the years 2004 and 2005. Utilization of these loss and credit carryforwards is
subject to annual limitations; however, management believes that it is more likely than
not that the Company will generate sufficient
-78-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
taxable income in the appropriate carry
forward periods to realize the benefit of the net deferred tax assets.
The
Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These
audits may result in proposed assessments that may result in additional tax liabilities.
The Company accounts for any income tax contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5,
Accounting for Contingencies.
The
actual tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003 compared to the
statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| | |
Income taxes at statutory rate |
|
35.00 |
% |
|
35.00 |
% |
|
35.00 |
% |
|
Foreign tax credit limitation (benefit) | |
-- |
| |
.20 |
| |
(1.80 |
) | |
Non-deductible expenses | |
2.14 |
| |
.22 |
| |
.16 |
| |
Branch remittance gains and losses | |
(.85 |
) | |
(.55 |
) | |
(.38 |
) | |
Distributor stock options and employee stock awards | |
-- |
| |
-- |
| |
1.94 |
| |
Other | |
.71 |
| |
2.13 |
| |
2.08 |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
37.00 |
% | |
37.00 |
% | |
37.00 |
% | |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
13. Employee Benefit Plan
The
Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan which permits participating employees to
defer up to a maximum of 15% of their compensation, subject to limitations established by
the Internal Revenue Code. Employees who work a minimum of 1,000 hours per year, who have
completed at least one year of service and who are 21 years of age or older are qualified
to participate in the plan. The Company matches 100% of the first 2% and 50% of the next
2% of each participants contributions to the plan. Participant contributions are
immediately vested. Company contributions vest based on the participants years of
service at 25% per year over four years. The Companys contribution totaled
$1,038,000, $1,249,000 and $1,125,000 for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and
2003, respectively.
14. Executive Deferred
Compensation Plan
The
Company has an executive deferred compensation plan for select management personnel. Under
this plan, the Company currently makes a contribution of 10% of each participants
salary. In addition, each participant has the option to defer a portion of their
compensation up to a maximum of 100% of their compensation. Participant contributions are
immediately vested. Company contributions vest based on the earlier of (a) attaining 60
years of age, (b) continuous employment of 20 years or (c) death or disability. The
Companys contribution totaled $338,000, $367,000 and $554,000 for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. The Company had accrued $1.6 million and
$3.3 million as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively, related to the Executive
Deferred Compensation Plan.
-79-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
15. Derivative Financial
Instruments
At
December 31, 2002 and 2003, the Company held forward contracts designated as foreign
currency cash flow hedges with notional amounts totaling approximately $124.6 million and
$64.3 million, respectively, to hedge forecasted foreign-currency-denominated intercompany
transactions. All such contracts were denominated in Japanese yen. As of December 31, 2002
and 2003, $3.7 million of net unrealized losses and $3.9 million of net unrealized loss,
net of related taxes, respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The contracts held at December 31, 2003 have maturities through December 2004 and
accordingly, all unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges included
in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be recognized in current earnings over the
next 12 months. The pre-tax net gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges recorded in
current earnings were $7.6 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2001
and 2002, respectively, and the pre-tax net loss on foreign currency cash flow hedges
recorded in current earnings was $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003.
During
2001, 2002 and 2003, the Company did not have any gains or losses related to hedging
ineffectiveness. Additionally, no component of gains and losses was excluded from the
assessment of hedging effectiveness. During 2001, 2002 and 2003, the Company did not have
any gains or losses reclassified into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash
flow hedges.
16. Supplemental Cash
Flow Information
Cash
paid for interest totaled $2.4 million, $2.3 million and $2.7 million for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. Cash paid for income taxes totaled $18.4
million, $18.8 million and $26.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and
2003, respectively.
17. Segment Information
The
Company operates in a single reportable operating segment by selling products to a global
network of independent distributors that operates in a seamless manner from market to
market except for our operations in Mainland China. In Mainland China, we utilize an
employed sales force to sell our products through fixed retail locations. The
Companys largest expense (selling expenses) is the commissions and Mainland China
sales employee expenses paid on product sales. The Company manages its business primarily
by managing its global sales force. The Company does not prepare or use profitability
reports on a segment basis for making business decisions. However, the Company does
-80-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
recognize revenue in five geographic
regions: North Asia, Greater China, North America, South Asia/Pacific and Other Markets.
Revenue
generated in each of these regions is set forth below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| | |
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Asia | |
$ 553,910 |
|
$ 593,860 |
|
$ 617,677 |
|
Greater China | |
93,405 |
|
104,877 |
|
135,535 |
|
North America | |
155,935 |
|
145,952 |
|
122,762 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
56,885 |
|
91,110 |
|
75,816 |
|
Other Markets | |
25,486 |
|
28,268 |
|
34,667 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Total | |
$ 885,621 |
|
$ 964,067 |
|
$ 986,457 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Revenue generated
by each of its three product lines is set forth below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2001
| |
2002
| |
2003
| | |
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nu Skin | |
$ 423,707 |
|
$ 470,567 |
|
$ 476,150 |
|
Pharmanex | |
396,307 |
|
439,019 |
|
472,107 |
|
Big Planet | |
65,607 |
|
54,481 |
|
38,200 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Total | |
$ 885,621 |
|
$ 964,067 |
|
$ 986,457 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
Additional
information as to the Companys operations in the most significant geographical areas
is set forth below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Revenue
Revenue
from the Companys operations in Japan totaled $508,141, $529,740 and $558,654 for
the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. Revenue from the
Companys operations in the United States totaled $148,975, $136,580 and $113,340 for
the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
Long-lived assets
Long-lived
assets in Japan were $20,210 and $18,553 as of December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively.
Long-lived assets in the United States were $276,030 and $286,659 as of December 31, 2002
and 2003, respectively.
18. Restructuring and
Other Charges
During
the third quarter of 2003, the Company recorded restructuring and other charges of $5.6
million, including $5.1 million of expenses relating to an early retirement program and
other employee separation charges. As a result, the Companys overall headcount was
reduced by approximately 130 employees, the majority of which were related to the
elimination of positions at the Companys U.S. headquarters. These expenses consisted
primarily of severance and other compensation charges. The
-81-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
Company also completed the
divestiture of its professional employer organization resulting in a charge of
approximately $0.5 million. Revenue from the professional employer organization totaled
$24.7 million, $22.0 million and $9.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2002
and 2003, respectively.
The
components of restructuring and other charges are summarized as follows (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
|
Total Incurred During the Third Quarter 2003
| |
Amounts Paid in 2003
| |
Accrued as of December 31, 2003
| |
|
|
|
|
Severance and other compensation |
|
$ 5,067 |
|
$ 4,114 |
|
$ 953 |
|
Other | |
525 |
|
415 |
|
110 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
Total | |
$ 5,592 |
|
$ 4,529 |
|
$ 1,063 |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
This
amount accrued as of December 31, 2003 is included within accrued liabilities, the
majority of which is expected to be paid by March 31, 2004.
19. Commitments and
Contingencies
The
Company is subject to governmental regulations pertaining to product formulation, labeling
and packaging, product claims and advertising and to the Companys direct selling
system. The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of numerous foreign tax
authorities. Any assertions or determination that either the Company or the Companys
distributors is not in compliance with existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could
potentially have a material adverse effect on the Companys operations. In addition,
in any country of jurisdiction, the adoption of new statutes, laws, rules or regulations
or changes in the interpretation of existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could
have a material adverse effect on the Company and its operations. Although management
believes that the Company is in compliance, in all material respects, with the statutes,
laws, rules and regulations of every jurisdiction in which it operates, no assurance can
be given that the Companys compliance with applicable statutes, laws, rules and
regulations will not be challenged by foreign authorities or that such challenges will not
have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial position or results of
operations or cash flows. The Company and its Subsidiaries are defendants in litigation
and proceedings involving various matters. In the opinion of the Companys
management, based upon advice of its counsel handling such litigation and proceedings,
adverse outcomes, if any, will not likely result in a material effect on the
Companys consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
20. Purchase of
LongTerm Assets
In
March 2002, the Company acquired the exclusive rights to a new laser technology related to
measuring the level of certain antioxidants. The acquisition consisted of cash payments of
$4.8 million (including acquisition costs) and the issuance of 106,667 shares of the
Companys Class A common stock valued at approximately $900,000. In addition, the
acquisition includes contingent cash payments up to $8.5 million and up to 1.2 million
shares of the Companys Class A common stock if certain development and revenue
targets are met.
-82-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
In
April 2002, the Company acquired First Harvest International, LLC, a small dehydrated food
manufacturer. The Company paid a total of $2.7 million including the assumption of certain
liabilities for this transaction.
21. Subsequent Event
In
January 2004, the board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.08 per share
for all classes of common stock to be paid on March 24, 2004 to stockholders of record on
March 5, 2004.
-83-
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT
AUDITORS
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income,
stockholders equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2002
and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Companys management; our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of
these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United
States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures
in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 5 to the
consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2002, the Company changed its
method of accounting for goodwill in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
/s/
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
March 15, 2004
-84-
ITEM 9. |
|
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
ITEM 9A. |
|
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)). Disclosure controls
and procedures are the controls and other procedures that we designed to ensure that we
record, process, summarize and report in a timely manner the information we must disclose
in reports that we file with or submit to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the
Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief
Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as
of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes
in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the fourth quarter of 2003,
there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is
defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over
financial reporting.
PART III
The
information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III is hereby incorporated by
reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement filed or to be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission not later than April 30, 2004.
PART IV
ITEM 15. |
|
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K |
(a) |
|
Documents
filed as part of this Form 10-K: |
|
1. |
|
Financial
Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of
Part II. |
|
2. |
|
Exhibits:
The following Exhibits are filed with this Form 10-K (reference to the
Company shall mean Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.): |
-85-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
2.1 |
|
Agreement
and Plan of Merger as of March 6, 2002 by and among the Company, Niksun Acquisition
Corporation, a subsidiary of the Company, Worldwide Nutritional Science, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002). |
3.1 |
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-12073) (the "Form S-1")). |
3.2 |
|
Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |
3.3 |
|
Certificate
of Designation, Preferences and Relative Participating, Optional and Other Special Rights
of Preferred Stock and Qualification, Limitations and Restrictions Thereof (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1998). |
3.4 |
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Form S-1). |
4.1 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class A Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No.
333-90716) (the "Form S-3")). |
4.2 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class B Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 to the Companys Form S-1). |
10.1 |
|
Note
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000). |
10.2 |
|
First
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America dated May 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No.
10.3 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2002). |
10.3 |
|
Second
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America. |
10.4 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and State Street Bank and
Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as collateral agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000). |
10.5 |
|
Pledge
Amendments executed by the Company dated December 31, 2003. |
-86-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.6 |
|
Collateral
Agency Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company, State Street Bank
and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent, and the lenders and
noteholders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000). |
10.7 |
|
Amendment
to Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement dated May 10, 2000, among State Street
Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent, The Prudential Insurance
Company of America, as Senior Noteholder and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Senior Lender
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001). |
10.8 |
|
Amended
and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003,
by and among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and various of its subsidiaries, U.S. Bank
National Association, as Collateral Agent, and various lending institutions (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit No. 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.9 |
|
Credit
Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001). |
10.10 |
|
First
Amendment dated December 14, 2001 to the Credit Agreement dated May 10, 2001 among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative
Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 of the Companys Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
10.11 |
|
Second
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003 between the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative
Agent. |
10.12 |
|
Reconstituted
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 6, 2002 by and between Nutriscan, Inc.,
Worldwide Nutritional Sciences, Inc. and each of the Stockholders of
Nutriscan, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002). |
10.13 |
|
Membership
Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of April 19, 2002, by and among the Company and the
members of First Harvest International, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to
the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002). |
-87-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.14 |
|
Amendment
and Release Agreement dated as of November 30, 2002, by and among the Company and the
members of First Harvest International, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10
to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.15 |
|
Sale
and Purchase Agreement between the Company and Dató Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd Sulleh
dated August 17, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001). |
10.16 |
|
Sale
and Purchase Agreement between the Company and Kiow Kim Yoon, Frankie Kiow dated August
17, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001). |
10.17 |
|
Shareholders
Agreement among the Company, Dató Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd Sulleh and Kiow Kim Yoon
Frankie Kiow dated effective as of September 25, 2001 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.46 of the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2001). |
10.18 |
|
Sale
& Purchase Agreement between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Datuk Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd
Salleh entered into the 25th day of June, 2002 to be effective September 28, 2001
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.19 |
|
Supplemental
Agreement dated September 28, 2001, to the Sale and Purchase of Shares Agreement dated
August 17, 2001 between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Mr. Kiow Kim Yoon (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.20 |
|
Supplemental
Agreement dated September 28, 2001, to the Sale and Purchase of Shares Agreement between
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Dato Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd Salleh (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.21 |
|
Form
of Memorandum of Charge entered into by Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Dato Mohd
Nadzmi Bin Kohd Salleh and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Kiow Kim Yoon, Frankie
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Companys Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.22 |
|
Management
Services Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin International Management Group,
Inc. and Nu Skin (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the
Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
-88-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.23 |
|
Distribution
Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin Enterprises Hong Kong, Inc. and Nu Skin
(Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.24 |
|
Trademark
Licensing Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin International, Inc. and Nu Skin
(Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.25 |
|
License
Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin International, Inc. and Nu Skin (Malaysia)
Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Companys Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.26 |
|
Addendum
to Distributor Agreement dated as of March 18, 1986 by and among Nu Skin International,
Inc., Clara and James McDermott, Craig Tillotson and Craig Bryson (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company Registration Statement on
Form S-3 filed July 22, 2002 (File No. 333-90716)). |
10.27 |
|
Stock
Purchase Agreement between Nedra Roney and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. dated May 3, 2002
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.28 |
|
Distributor
Stock Option Payment Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002). |
10.29 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16th 2003 by and between the Company and Scrub Oak, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Companys Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.30 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.31 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003 by and between the Company and Aspen Country, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Companys Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.32 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to
the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
2003). |
-89-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.33 |
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into by and among the Company and certain of
its officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Form S-1). |
10.34 |
|
Employment
Agreement by and between Pharmanex and Joseph Chang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2000). |
10.35 |
|
Amendment
to Employment Agreement by and between Pharmanex and Joseph Chang (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2001). |
10.36 |
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement (Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the
Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
10.37 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1998). |
10.38 |
|
Form
of Deferred Compensation Plan (New Form) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to
the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998). |
10.39 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of NSI Compensation Trust (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.50 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1998). |
10.40 |
|
Second
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (corrected
version) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Companys Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999). |
10.41 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003). |
10.42 |
|
Base
Form of Master Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the
Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.43 |
|
Summary
Description of Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2001). |
-90-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.44 |
|
Country/Region
Executive-Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001). |
10.45 |
|
Employment
Letter with Truman Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.46 |
|
Letter
of Understanding with Corey Lindley effective August 8, 2002 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2002). |
10.47 |
|
Letter
of Understanding with Corey Lindley effective December 22, 2003 (Supplementing Letter of
Understanding effective August 8, 2002). |
10.48 |
|
Consulting
Agreement between the Company and Woodclyffe Group, LLC effective April 1, 2003
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003). |
10.49 |
|
Amendment
#1 to Consulting Agreement dated July 31, 2003 between the Company and Woodclyffe Group,
LLC. |
10.50 |
|
Early
Retirement Plan and Related Forms (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003). |
10.51 |
|
Amended
and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2003, by and among
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., Sandra N. Tillotson, The Sandra N. Tillotson Family Trust and
the Purchasers signatory thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Companys
Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed October 20, 2003). |
10.52 |
|
Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (the Private Shelf Agreement)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.53 |
|
First
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and Prudential Investment Management, Inc. |
10.54 |
|
Series
A Senior Notes Nos. A-1 to A-5 and Series B Senior Notes B-1 to B-5 issued October 31,
2003 by the Company to Prudential Investment Management, Inc.
and/or its affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement. |
-91-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.55 |
|
Stock
Acquisition Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2003, by and among Nu Skin Enterprises,
Inc., Orrin T. Colby, III and Cygnus Resources, Inc. (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.56 |
|
Stock
Repurchase Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003, between the Company and certain of
its shareholders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current
Report on Form 8-K filed November 10, 2003). |
10.57 |
|
Registration
Rights Agreement dated as of October 22, 2003, by and among the Company and certain third
party purchasers of the Companys stock shareholders (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 10, 2003). |
10.58 |
|
Form
of Lock-up Agreement executed by certain of the Companys shareholders (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed
November 10, 2003). |
10.59 |
|
Nu
Skin International, Inc. 1997 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan |
10.60 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Executive Incentive Plan, last revised January 1, 2004. |
10.61 |
|
Restricted
Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and Truman Hunt. |
10.62 |
|
Employment
Letter with Robert Conlee effective November 26, 2003. |
21.1 |
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company. |
23.1 |
|
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
31.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley
Act of 2002. |
31.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. |
32.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350,
Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-92-
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
32.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. |
(b) |
|
On
October 23, 2003, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K under Item
12, Results of Operations and Financial Condition, wherein the Company
furnished its press release announcing its results of operations for the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2003. |
|
|
On October
23, 2003, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K under Item 5, Other Events,
wherein the company reported the execution of an agreement to repurchase approximately
10.8 million shares of its common stock from certain members of the companys
original shareholder group, as well as the negotiation by the same shareholder group of a
private sale of approximately 6.2 million additional shares of common stock to
third party investors. |
|
|
On October
27, 2003, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K under Item 5, Other Events,
wherein the company reported the closing of the previously announced stock repurchase and
private resale of common stock, and also reported the names of the participating
shareholders and post-transaction beneficial ownership of shares. |
|
|
On November
17, 2003, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K under Item 9, Regulation
FD Disclosure, wherein the company furnished a copy of a mid-year report containing
financial highlights for the first six months of 2003 being presented to investors and
analysts. |
-93-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, on March 15, 2004.
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By: /s/ M. Truman Hunt
M. Truman Hunt, Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in
the capacities indicated on March 15, 2004.
Signatures
| |
Capacity in Which Signed
| |
/s/ Blake M. Roney
|
|
|
|
Blake M. Roney | |
Chairman of the Board | |
| |
| |
/s/ M. Truman Hunt | |
Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
M. Truman Hunt | |
(Principal Executive Officer) | |
| |
| |
/s/ Ritch N. Wood
| |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Ritch N. Wood | |
(Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer) | |
| |
| |
/s/ Sandra N. Tillotson
| |
Sandra N. Tillotson | |
Senior Vice President, Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Brooke B. Roney
| |
Brooke B. Roney | |
Senior Vice President, Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Daniel W. Campbell
| |
Daniel W. Campbell | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ E. J. "Jake" Garn | |
E. J. "Jake" Garn | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Paula F. Hawkins | |
Paula F. Hawkins | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Andrew D. Lipman
| |
Andrew D. Lipman | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Jose Ferreira, Jr. | |
| |
Jose Ferreira, Jr. | |
Director | |
| |
| |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
2.1 |
|
Agreement
and Plan of Merger as of March 6, 2002 by and among the Company, Niksun Acquisition
Corporation, a subsidiary of the Company, Worldwide Nutritional Science, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002). |
3.1 |
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-12073) (the "Form S-1")). |
3.2 |
|
Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. |
3.3 |
|
Certificate
of Designation, Preferences and Relative Participating, Optional, and Other Special
Rights of Preferred Stock and Qualification, Limitations and Restrictions Thereof
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Companys Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998). |
3.4 |
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Form S-1). |
4.1 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class A Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No.
333-90716) (the "Form S-3")). |
4.2 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class B Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 to the Companys Form S-1). |
10.1 |
|
Note
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000). |
10.2 |
|
First
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America dated May 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No.
10.3 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2002). |
10.3 |
|
Second
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America. |
10.4 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and State Street Bank and
Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as collateral agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000). |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.5 |
|
Pledge
Amendments executed by the Company dated December 31, 2003. |
10.6 |
|
Collateral
Agency Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company, State Street Bank
and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent, and the lenders and
noteholders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2000). |
10.7 |
|
Amendment
to Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement dated May 10, 2000, among State Street
Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent, The Prudential Insurance
Company of America, as Senior Noteholder and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Senior Lender
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001). |
10.8 |
|
Amended
and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003,
by and among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and various of its subsidiaries, U.S. Bank
National Association, as Collateral Agent, and various lending institutions (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit No. 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.9 |
|
Credit
Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4
to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001). |
10.10 |
|
First
Amendment dated December 14, 2001 to the Credit Agreement dated May 10, 2001 among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative
Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 of the Companys Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
10.11 |
|
Second
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003 between the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as Administrative
Agent. |
10.12 |
|
Reconstituted
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 6, 2002 by and between Nutriscan, Inc.,
Worldwide Nutritional Sciences, Inc. and each of the Stockholders of
Nutriscan, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002). |
10.13 |
|
Membership
Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of April 19, 2002, by and among the Company and the
members of First Harvest International, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to
the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002). |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.14 |
|
Amendment
and Release Agreement dated as of November 30, 2002, by and among the Company and the
members of First Harvest International, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10
to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.15 |
|
Sale
and Purchase Agreement between the Company and Dató Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd Sulleh
dated August 17, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001). |
10.16 |
|
Sale
and Purchase Agreement between the Company and Kiow Kim Yoon, Frankie Kiow dated August
17, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001). |
10.17 |
|
Shareholders
Agreement among the Company, Dató Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd Sulleh and Kiow Kim Yoon
Frankie Kiow dated effective as of September 25, 2001 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.46 of the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2001). |
10.18 |
|
Sale
& Purchase Agreement between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Datuk Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd
Salleh entered into the 25th day of June, 2002 to be effective September 28, 2001
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.19 |
|
Supplemental
Agreement dated September 28, 2001, to the Sale and Purchase of Shares Agreement dated
August 17, 2001 between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Mr. Kiow Kim Yoon (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.20 |
|
Supplemental
Agreement dated September 28, 2001, to the Sale and Purchase of Shares Agreement between
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Dato Mohd Nadzmi Bin Mohd Salleh (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.21 |
|
Form
of Memorandum of Charge entered into by Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Dato Mohd
Nadzmi Bin Kohd Salleh and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and Kiow Kim Yoon, Frankie
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Companys Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.22 |
|
Management
Services Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin International Management Group,
Inc. and Nu Skin (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the
Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.23 |
|
Distribution
Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin Enterprises Hong Kong, Inc. and Nu Skin
(Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.24 |
|
Trademark
Licensing Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin International, Inc. and Nu Skin
(Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.25 |
|
License
Agreement dated June 20, 2002 between Nu Skin International, Inc. and Nu Skin (Malaysia)
Sdn Bhd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Companys Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.26 |
|
Addendum
to Distributor Agreement dated as of March 18, 1986 by and among Nu Skin International,
Inc., Clara and James McDermott, Craig Tillotson and Craig Bryson (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Amendment No. 2 to the Company Registration Statement on
Form S-3 filed July 22, 2002 (File No. 333-90716)). |
10.27 |
|
Stock
Purchase Agreement between Nedra Roney and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. dated May 3, 2002
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.28 |
|
Distributor
Stock Option Payment Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002). |
10.29 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16th 2003 by and between the Company and Scrub Oak, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Companys Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.30 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.31 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003 by and between the Company and Aspen Country, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Companys Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.32 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to
the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
2003). |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.33 |
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into by and among the Company and certain of
its officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Form S-1). |
10.34 |
|
Employment
Agreement by and between Pharmanex and Joseph Chang (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2000). |
10.35 |
|
Amendment
to Employment Agreement by and between Pharmanex and Joseph Chang (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2001). |
10.36 |
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement (Directors) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the
Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001). |
10.37 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1998). |
10.38 |
|
Form
of Deferred Compensation Plan (New Form) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to
the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998). |
10.39 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of NSI Compensation Trust (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.50 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1998). |
10.40 |
|
Second
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (corrected
version) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Companys Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999). |
10.41 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003). |
10.42 |
|
Base
Form of Master Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the
Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.43 |
|
Summary
Description of Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2001). |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.44 |
|
Country/Region
Executive-Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001). |
10.45 |
|
Employment
Letter with Truman Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.46 |
|
Letter
of Understanding with Corey Lindley effective August 8, 2002 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.49 to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2002). |
10.47 |
|
Letter
of Understanding with Corey Lindley effective December 22, 2003 (Supplementing Letter of
Understanding effective August 8, 2002). |
10.48 |
|
Consulting
Agreement between the Company and Woodclyffe Group, LLC effective April 1, 2003
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003). |
10.49 |
|
Amendment
#1 to Consulting Agreement dated July 31, 2003 between the Company and Woodclyffe Group,
LLC. |
10.50 |
|
Early
Retirement Plan and Related Forms (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003). |
10.51 |
|
Amended
and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2003, by and among
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., Sandra N. Tillotson, The Sandra N. Tillotson Family Trust and
the Purchasers signatory thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Companys
Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed October 20, 2003). |
10.52 |
|
Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, between Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (the Private Shelf Agreement)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Companys Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.53 |
|
First
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and Prudential Investment Management, Inc. |
10.54 |
|
Series
A Senior Notes Nos. A-1 to A-5 and Series B Senior Notes B-1 to B-5 issued October 31,
2003 by the Company to Prudential Investment Management, Inc.
and/or its affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement. |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
10.55 |
|
Stock
Acquisition Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2003, by and among Nu Skin Enterprises,
Inc., Orrin T. Colby, III and Cygnus Resources, Inc. (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.56 |
Stock Repurchase Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003, between the Company and certain
of its shareholders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys
Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 10, 2003). |
10.57 |
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 22, 2003, by and among the Company and
certain third party purchasers of the Companys stock shareholders (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed November
10, 2003). |
10.58 |
|
Form
of Lock-up Agreement executed by certain of the Companys shareholders (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed
November 10, 2003). |
10.59 |
|
Nu
Skin International, Inc. 1997 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan |
10.60 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Executive Incentive Plan, last revised January 1, 2004. |
10.61 |
|
Restricted
Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and Truman Hunt. |
10.62 |
|
Employment
Letter with Robert Conlee effective November 26, 2003. |
21.1 |
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company. |
23.1 |
|
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
31.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley
Act of 2002. |
31.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. |
32.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350,
Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
Number | |
Exhibit Description | |
32.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. |