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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2002
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-26068
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
---------------------------
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
DELAWARE 95-4405754
-------- ----------
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.)
500 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660
------------------------------------------- -----
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (949) 480-8300
--------------
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes |X| No [ ]
As of August 9, 2002, the registrant had 19,640,808 shares of common stock,
$0.001 par value, issued and outstanding.
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ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2002
and December 31, 2001(Unaudited)..........................3
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive
Loss for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2002 and 2001
and the Six Months Ended June 30, 2002 and
2001(Unaudited)...........................................4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the
Six Months Ended June 30, 2002 and 2001(Unaudited)........5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements................6
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations......................13
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk.....................................................33
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings........................................34
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds................34
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities..........................34
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......35
Item 5. Other Information........................................35
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K.........................36
SIGNATURES....................................................................37
2
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001
(In thousands, except share and per share information)
(Unaudited)
JUNE 30, DECEMBER 31,
2002 2001
---------- ----------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 49,712 $ 59,451
Short-term investments 16,699 25,110
Prepaid expenses, other receivables and other assets 2,682 1,613
---------- ----------
Total current assets 69,093 86,174
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation 4,575 4,906
Investment in affiliate, at cost 3,000 3,000
Patents, net of accumulated amortization 10,857 11,855
Goodwill, net of accumulated amortization 4,627 4,627
Other assets 788 297
---------- ----------
$ 92,940 $ 110,859
========== ==========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other $ 5,699 $ 5,756
Current portion of deferred revenues 8,842 7,088
Current portion of capital lease obligation 976 934
---------- ----------
Total current liabilities 15,517 13,778
Deferred income taxes 3,679 3,829
Deferred revenues, net of current portion 266 372
Capital lease obligation, net of current portion 1,346 1,845
---------- ----------
Total liabilities 20,808 19,824
---------- ----------
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Minority interests 29,379 32,303
---------- ----------
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized;
no shares issued or outstanding - -
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share; 60,000,000 shares authorized;
19,640,808 and 19,592,459 shares issued and outstanding
as of June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001, respectively 20 20
Additional paid-in capital 158,672 158,529
Warrants to purchase common stock 199 199
Comprehensive income (loss) 1 (4)
Accumulated deficit (116,139) (100,012)
---------- ----------
Total stockholders' equity 42,753 58,732
---------- ----------
$ 92,940 $ 110,859
========== ==========
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
3
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except share and per share information)
(Unaudited)
THREE MONTHS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
------------------------------ ------------------------------
JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001 JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Revenues:
License fee income $ -- $ 10,000 $ -- $ 12,440
Product revenue 274 -- 274 --
Grant revenue 164 91 413 274
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total revenues 438 10,091 687 12,714
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales 253 -- 253 --
Research and development expenses 5,026 2,651 7,694 5,802
Non-cash stock compensation
expense - research and development 692 2,013 1,113 4,411
Marketing, general and administrative expenses 5,516 9,550 9,587 15,771
Non-cash stock compensation
expense - marketing, general and administrative 1,451 5,176 2,453 11,197
Amortization of patents and goodwill 564 638 1,128 1,271
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total operating expenses 13,502 20,028 22,228 38,452
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Operating loss (13,064) (9,937) (21,541) (25,738)
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Other (expense) income:
Interest income 293 1,029 700 2,224
Realized losses on short-term investments (930) -- (1,483) --
Unrealized losses on short-term investments (156) -- (477) --
Interest expense (57) -- (121) --
Equity in losses of affiliate -- (55) -- (110)
Other income 34 57 112 61
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Total other (expense) income (816) 1,031 (1,269) 2,175
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Loss from operations before income taxes
and minority interests (13,880) (8,906) (22,810) (23,563)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes 75 (228) 144 (241)
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Loss from operations before minority interests (13,805) (9,134) (22,666) (23,804)
Minority interests 4,104 4,362 6,539 9,553
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net loss (9,701) (4,772) (16,127) (14,251)
Unrealized gains (losses) on short-term investments 47 -- (48) 39
Unrealized gains on foreign currency translation 62 -- 53 --
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Comprehensive loss $ (9,592) $ (4,772) $ (16,122) $ (14,212)
============= ============= ============= =============
Loss per common share:
Basic $ (0.49) $ (0.25) $ (0.82) $ (0.74)
============= ============= ============= =============
Diluted $ (0.49) $ (0.25) $ (0.82) $ (0.74)
============= ============= ============= =============
Weighted average number of common and potential
common shares outstanding used
in computation of loss per share:
Basic and diluted 19,634,549 19,503,645 19,622,363 19,260,094
============= ============= ============= =============
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
4
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
SIX MONTHS ENDED
----------------------------
JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001
------------- -------------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss from continuing operations: $(16,127) $(14,251)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss from continuing
operations to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,873 1,740
Equity in losses of affiliate -- 110
Minority interests in net loss (6,539) (9,553)
Stock-based compensation 3,566 15,608
Deferred tax benefit (150) (79)
Net sales of trading securities 3,133 --
Unrealized losses on short-term investments 477 --
Other 113 361
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Prepaid expenses, other receivables and other assets (1,564) (922)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other 360 1,364
Deferred revenue 1,648 --
--------- ---------
Net cash used in operating activities for continuing operations (13,210) (5,622)
Net cash used in operating activities for discontinued operations (415) (1,698)
--------- ---------
Net cash used in operating activities (13,625) (7,320)
--------- ---------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment (540) (2,602)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 103 48
Purchase of short-term investments (5,158) (11,120)
Sale of short-term investments 9,877 11,923
Purchase of common stock from minority stockholders of subsidiaries -- (584)
Capitalized patent costs (100) --
--------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations 4,182 (2,335)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities from discontinued operations (4) 137
--------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 4,178 (2,198)
--------- ---------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 214 1,165
Capital contributions from minority shareholders of subsidiaries,
net of issuance costs 300 1,749
Capital distributions to minority shareholders of subsidiaries (430) --
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of issuance costs -- 18,361
Repayment of capital lease obligation (456) --
Other (11) --
--------- ---------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (383) 21,275
--------- ---------
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (9,830) 11,757
--------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning 59,451 36,163
Effect of exchange rate on cash 91 --
--------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, ending $ 49,712 $ 47,920
========= =========
Schedule of non-cash investing activity:
Accrued payments for purchase of common stock from minority stockholders
of subsidiary $ -- $ 517
========= =========
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
5
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
BASIS OF PRESENTATION. The accompanying unaudited consolidated
financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles for interim financial information and with the
instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, certain
information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles
in annual financial statements have been omitted or condensed in accordance with
quarterly requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These interim
financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2001 as
reported by us in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The consolidated financial statements of Acacia Research Corporation
include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature which, in the opinion of
management, are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position as
of June 30, 2002 and results of operations and cash flows for the interim
periods presented. The results of operations for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2002 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for
the entire year.
Acacia Research Corporation ("Acacia," "we" or "us") develops, licenses
and provides products for the media technology and life science sectors.
Acacia's media technologies business, collectively referred to as
"Acacia Media Technologies Group," owns intellectual property related to the
telecommunications field, including a television blanking system, also known as
the "V-chip," which it licenses to television manufacturers. In addition, Acacia
Media Technologies Group owns a worldwide portfolio of pioneering patents
relating to audio and video transmission and receiving systems, commonly known
as audio-on-demand and video-on-demand, used for distributing content via
various methods including computer networks, cable television systems and direct
broadcasting satellite systems. Acacia Media Technologies Group is responsible
for the development, licensing and protection of its intellectual property and
proprietary technologies. Our Media Technologies Group continues to pursue both
licensing and strategic business alliances with leading companies in the rapidly
growing media technologies industry.
Acacia's life sciences business, collectively referred to as "Acacia
Life Sciences Group," is comprised of CombiMatrix Corporation ("CombiMatrix")
and CombiMatrix's majority-owned subsidiary, Advanced Material Sciences, Inc.
("Advanced Material Sciences"). Our core technology opportunity in the life
sciences sector has been developed through our majority-owned subsidiary,
CombiMatrix. CombiMatrix is a life science technology company with a proprietary
system for rapid, cost competitive creation of DNA and other compounds on a
programmable semiconductor chip. This proprietary technology has significant
applications relating to genomic and proteomic research. Advanced Material
Sciences, a development stage company, holds the exclusive license for
CombiMatrix's biological array processor technology in certain fields of
material sciences (see Note 4).
6
2. LOSS PER SHARE
Loss per share is presented on both a basic and diluted basis. A
reconciliation of the denominator of the basic loss per share computation to the
denominator of the diluted loss per share computation is as follows:
THREE MONTHS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
---------------------------- ----------------------------
JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001 JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding Used
in Computation of Basic EPS 19,634,549 19,503,645 19,622,363 19,260,094
Dilutive Effect of Outstanding Stock Options and Warrants (a) -- -- -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Weighted Average Number of Common and Potential Common Shares
Outstanding Used in Computation of Diluted EPS 19,634,549 19,503,645 19,622,363 19,260,094
=========== =========== =========== ===========
------------------------------------------
(a) Potential common shares of 444,875 and 163,882 during the three months
ended June 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively, have been excluded from the
per share calculation because the effect of their inclusion would be
anti-dilutive. Potential common shares of 536,154 and 671,090 during
the six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively, have been
excluded from the per share calculation because the effect of their
inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
3. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 141, "Business
Combinations" ("SFAS No. 141"), and SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets" ("SFAS No. 142"). SFAS No. 141 addresses financial accounting and
reporting for business combinations and supersedes Accounting Principles Board
("APB") Opinion No. 16, "Business Combinations." Changes made by SFAS No. 141
include (1) requiring the purchase method of accounting be used for all business
combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 and (2) establishing specific
criteria for the recognition of intangible assets separately from goodwill.
These provisions are effective for business combinations for which the date of
acquisition is subsequent to June 30, 2001.
We adopted SFAS No. 142 effective January 1, 2002 and ceased amortizing
goodwill on that date. SFAS No. 142 addresses how goodwill and other intangible
assets should be accounted for after they have been initially recognized in the
financial statements. This standard provides that goodwill is not subject to
amortization. Instead, it is subject to a periodic review that must occur at
least annually at a reporting unit level for possible impairment. This review is
known as the "two-step" impairment test and provides that the initial
"first-step" reviews of each reporting unit must be completed within six months
of the adoption of the standard. The "first-step" of the goodwill impairment
test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of each
reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If upon completion
of these initial reviews an impairment of goodwill is indicated, the
"second-step" is required to be performed, which will compare the implied fair
value of each reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of goodwill. In
connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 142, we performed a transitional
goodwill impairment assessment and determined that there was no impairment of
goodwill. The fair value of our two reporting units was estimated using a
discounted cash flow analysis. There can be no assurance that a future goodwill
impairment test will not result in a charge to earnings.
The Acacia Media Technologies Group had $1,776,000 of goodwill at June
30, 2002 and December 31, 2001 (net of $2,258,000 of accumulated amortization)
and recorded approximately $45,000 and $89,000 of goodwill amortization expense
during the three and six months ended June 30, 2001, respectively. The Acacia
Life Sciences Group had $2,851,000 of goodwill at June 30, 2002 and December 31,
2001 (net of $1,311,000 of accumulated amortization) and recorded approximately
$203,000 and $402,000 of goodwill amortization expense during the three and six
months ended June 30, 2001, respectively.
7
Our net loss and loss per share, adjusted to exclude goodwill
amortization expense, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2001
are as follows (in thousands, except earnings per share amounts):
THREE MONTHS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
---------------------------- -----------------------------
JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001 JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001
---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Reported net loss $ (9,701) $ (4,772) $ (16,127) $ (14,251)
Add back: goodwill amortization -- 248 -- 491
---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Adjusted net loss $ (9,701) $ (4,524) $ (16,127) $ (13,760)
========== ========== =========== ===========
LOSS PER SHARE (BASIC AND DILUTED):
Reported net loss $ (0.49) $ (0.25) $ (0.82) $ (0.74)
Goodwill amortization -- 0.01 -- 0.03
---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Adjusted net loss $ (0.49) $ (0.24) $ (0.82) $ (0.71)
========== ========== =========== ===========
Acacia's only identifiable intangible assets are patents totaling
$10,857,000 and $11,855,000 at June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001 (net of
$6,753,000 and $5,655,000 of accumulated amortization, respectively). The gross
carrying amounts and accumulated amortization related to acquired intangible
assets, all related to patents, by segment, as of June 30, 2002 and December 31,
2001 are as follows (in thousands):
ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP ACACIA LIFE SCIENCES GROUP
------------------------------- ------------------------------
AT JUNE 30, AT DECEMBER 31, AT JUNE 30, AT DECEMBER 31,
2002 2001 2002 2001
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Gross carrying amount - patents $ 10,798 $ 10,698 $ 6,812 $ 6,812
Accumulated amortization (6,072) (5,144) (681) (511)
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Patents, net $ 4,726 $ 5,554 $ 6,131 $ 6,301
========= ========= ========= =========
Aggregate patent amortization expense was $564,000 ($465,000 and
$99,000 for the Acacia Technologies Group and the Acacia Life Sciences Group,
respectively) and $390,000 ($291,000 and $99,000 for the Acacia Technologies
Group and the Acacia Life Sciences Group, respectively) for the three months
ended June 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Aggregate patent amortization
expense was $1,128,000 ($930,000 and $198,000 for the Acacia Technologies Group
and the Acacia Life Sciences Group, respectively) and $780,000 ($582,000 and
$198,000 for the Acacia Technologies Group and the Acacia Life Sciences Group,
respectively) for the six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
The estimated aggregate amortization expense for the years ended
December 31, 2002 through 2006 is as follows (in thousands):
ESTIMATED
YEAR ENDED AMORTIZATION
DECEMBER 31, EXPENSE
------------ -------
2002 1,862
2003 841
2004 841
2005 841
2006 841
At June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001, all of our acquired intangible
assets were subject to amortization.
On January 1, 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS No. 144"), which addresses
financial accounting and reporting for the impairment of long-lived assets and
for long-lived assets to be disposed of. SFAS No. 144 supersedes SFAS No. 121,
8
"Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to
Be Disposed Of." SFAS No. 144 also supersedes the accounting and reporting
provisions of APB Opinion No. 30, "Reporting the Results of Operations -
Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary,
Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions," for segments of a
business to be disposed of. SFAS No. 144 also amends Accounting Research
Bulletin No. 51, "Consolidated Financial Statements," to eliminate the exception
to consolidation for a temporarily controlled subsidiary. SFAS No. 144 requires
long-lived assets to be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. In
conjunction with such tests, it may be necessary to review depreciation
estimates and methods as required by APB Opinion No. 20, "Accounting Changes,"
or the amortization period as required by SFAS No. 142. The adoption of SFAS No.
144 did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or
financial position.
In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 145, "Rescission of FASB
Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical
Corrections," ("SFAS No. 145"), which is effective for transactions occurring
after May 15, 2002. SFAS No. 145 rescinds SFAS No. 4 and SFAS No. 64, which
addressed the accounting for gains and losses from extinguishment of debt. SFAS
No. 44 set forth industry-specific transitional guidance that did not apply to
us. SFAS No. 145 amends SFAS No. 13 to require that certain lease modifications
that have economic effects similar to sale-leaseback transactions be accounted
for in the same manner as sale-leaseback transactions. SFAS No. 145 also makes
technical corrections to certain existing pronouncements that are not
substantive in nature. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 145 to have a
significant impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs
Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities" ("SFAS No. 146"). SFAS No. 146
nullifies Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 94-3, "Liability
Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an
Activity," under which a liability for an exit cost was recognized at the date
of an entity's commitment to an exit plan. SFAS No. 146 requires that a
liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized
at fair value when the liability is incurred. The provisions of this statement
are effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December
31, 2002. We do not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 146 to have a significant
impact on our financial position or results of operations.
4. INVESTMENTS IN CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
On April 25, 2002, our majority-owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix,
purchased our interest in Advanced Material Sciences. CombiMatrix issued 180,982
shares of its common stock in exchange for our 58% interest in Advanced Material
Sciences. As a result of the sale of our interest in Advanced Material Sciences,
CombiMatrix currently owns 87% of Advanced Material Sciences and the remaining
interests are owned by unaffiliated entities. The purchase was accounted for
pursuant to APB Opinion No. 16, "Business Combinations," and related
interpretations and EITF 90-5, "Exchanges of Ownership Interests between
Entities under Common Control." Accordingly, the transaction was accounted for
using Acacia's basis in the net assets of Advanced Material Sciences and as a
result, Acacia's consolidated financial statements continue to reflect the
assets and liabilities of Advanced Material Sciences at historical cost.
5. SEGMENT INFORMATION
Acacia has two reportable segments as follows:
ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP - Acacia Media Technologies Group owns
intellectual property related to the telecommunications field, including a
television blanking system, also known as the "V-chip," which it licenses to
television manufacturers. In addition, our media technologies group owns a
worldwide portfolio of pioneering patents relating to audio and video
transmission and receiving systems, commonly known as audio-on-demand and
video-on-demand, used for distributing content via various methods including
computer networks, cable television systems and direct broadcasting satellite
systems.
ACACIA LIFE SCIENCES GROUP - Acacia Life Science Group includes our
majority-owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix, which is developing a proprietary
biochip array processor system that integrates semiconductor technology with new
developments in biotechnology and chemistry. CombiMatrix's majority-owned
subsidiary, Advanced Material Sciences, holds the exclusive license for
CombiMatrix's biological array processor technology in certain fields of
material sciences (see Note 4).
9
We evaluate segment performances based on revenue earned and cost
versus earnings potential of future completed products or services. Material
intercompany transactions and transfers have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in our
Annual Report on Form 10-K. Corporate and other includes corporate costs,
certain assets and liabilities and other investment activities (including
certain intangibles recorded in connection with the acquisition of various
ownership interests in our subsidiaries), which are included in our consolidated
financial statements but are not allocated to the reportable segments.
We use the management approach, which designates the internal
organization that is used by management for making operating decisions and
assessing performance as the basis of our reportable segments. At December 31,
2001, our reporting segments were adjusted to include our wholly owned
subsidiaries Soundview Technologies Incorporated ("Soundview Technologies") and
Acacia Media Technologies Corporation, in our Acacia Media Technologies Group
segment. In addition, CombiMatrix and its subsidiaries comprise our Acacia Life
Sciences Group segment. Segment information has been adjusted for all periods
presented.
The table below presents information about our reportable segments in
continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2002 and 2001:
ACACIA RESEARCH CONSOLIDATED
SEGMENT INFORMATION
ACACIA MEDIA ACACIA LIFE
TECHNOLOGIES SCIENCES CORPORATE
Three Months Ended June 30, 2002 GROUP GROUP AND OTHER TOTAL
- -------------------------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ ------------
Revenue $ -- $ 438,000 $ -- $ 438,000
Amortization of patents 19,000 -- 545,000 564,000
Other income 5,000 -- 29,000 34,000
Interest income 6,000 143,000 144,000 293,000
Interest expense -- 56,000 1,000 57,000
Realized losses on investments -- -- 930,000 930,000
Unrealized losses on investments -- -- 156,000 156,000
Loss from operations before
income taxes and minority interests 583,000 9,432,000 3,865,000 13,880,000
Non-cash stock compensation charges -- 2,135,000 8,000 2,143,000
Segment assets 10,146,000 28,721,000 50,293,000 89,160,000
Investment in affiliate, at cost -- -- 3,000,000 3,000,000
Purchase of property and equipment -- 289,000 19,000 308,000
ACACIA MEDIA ACACIA LIFE
TECHNOLOGIES SCIENCES CORPORATE
Three Months Ended June 30, 2001 GROUP GROUP AND OTHER TOTAL
- -------------------------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ ------------
Revenue $ 10,000,000 $ 91,000 $ -- $ 10,091,000
Amortization of patents and goodwill 5,000 -- 633,000 638,000
Other income -- -- 57,000 57,000
Interest income 32,000 559,000 438,000 1,029,000
Equity in losses of affiliate -- -- 55,000 55,000
(Income) loss from operations before
income taxes and minority interests (5,055,000) 12,589,000 1,372,000 8,906,000
Non-cash stock compensation charges -- 7,177,000 12,000 7,189,000
Segment assets 6,326,000 44,000,000 54,977,000 105,303,000
Investment in affiliate, at equity -- -- 235,000 235,000
Investment in affiliate, at cost -- -- 3,000,000 3,000,000
Purchase of property and equipment 2,000 1,083,000 -- 1,085,000
10
The table below presents information about our reportable segments in
continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2001:
ACACIA MEDIA ACACIA LIFE
TECHNOLOGIES SCIENCES CORPORATE
Six Months Ended June 30, 2002 GROUP GROUP AND OTHER TOTAL
- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Revenue $ -- $ 687,000 $ -- $ 687,000
Amortization of patents 39,000 -- 1,089,000 1,128,000
Other income 5,000 -- 107,000 112,000
Interest income 14,000 393,000 293,000 700,000
Interest expense -- 115,000 6,000 121,000
Realized losses on investments -- -- 1,483,000 1,483,000
Unrealized losses on investments -- -- 477,000 477,000
Loss from operations before
income taxes and minority interests 956,000 15,083,000 6,771,000 22,810,000
Non-cash stock compensation charges -- 3,547,000 19,000 3,566,000
Segment assets 10,146,000 28,721,000 50,293,000 89,160,000
Investment in affiliate, at cost -- -- 3,000,000 3,000,000
Purchase of property and equipment -- 467,000 73,000 540,000
ACACIA MEDIA ACACIA LIFE
TECHNOLOGIES SCIENCES CORPORATE
Six Months Ended June 30, 2001 GROUP GROUP AND OTHER TOTAL
- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Revenue $ 12,390,000 $ 274,000 $ 50,000 $ 12,714,000
Amortization of patents and goodwill 10,000 -- 1,261,000 1,271,000
Other income -- -- 61,000 61,000
Interest income 35,000 1,292,000 897,000 2,224,000
Equity in losses of affiliate -- -- 110,000 110,000
(Income) loss from operations before
income taxes and minority interests (6,121,000) 25,586,000 4,098,000 23,563,000
Non-cash stock compensation charges -- 14,775,000 833,000 15,608,000
Segment assets 6,326,000 44,000,000 54,977,000 105,303,000
Investment in affiliate, at equity -- -- 235,000 235,000
Investment in affiliate, at cost -- -- 3,000,000 3,000,000
Purchase of property and equipment 6,000 2,559,000 37,000 2,602,000
Segment information excludes discontinued operations related to
Soundbreak.com as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 and
2001.
11
6. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In July, 2002 CombiMatrix completed a milestone in its strategic
alliance with Roche Applied Science. CombiMatrix's strategic alliance with Roche
includes a collaboration for the development and commercialization of
CombiMatrix's DNA microarray technology, enabling flexible and fast custom
manufacturing of microarrays by electrochemical oligonucleotide synthesis
in-situ.
In July 2002, Acacia was granted a patent for its digital media
transmission technology in Japan. The patent provides coverage through January
2, 2012. The granting of the Japanese patent strengthens Acacia's worldwide
intellectual property position, which includes five patents in the United States
and issued patents in 17 foreign countries.
In July 2002, Acacia executed a license agreement with Loewe Opta GmbH,
whereby Acacia will receive payment and grant a non-exclusive license of its
patented V-chip technology to Loewe Opta GmbH, a manufacturer of televisions
sold under the Loewe brand name.
In July 2002, CombiMatrix completed a prototype electrochemical
detection system and is set to deliver the system to the U.S. Department of
Defense. CombiMatrix developed its sensor technology through grants from the
U.S. Department of Defense. The focus of the grants was aimed at developing an
ultrasensitive hand-held biochip system for detecting the deployment of chemical
and biological warfare agents.
7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
On November 28, 2000, Nanogen, Inc. filed a complaint in the United
States District Court for the Southern District of California against
CombiMatrix and Donald D. Montgomery, Ph.D., Senior Vice President, Chief
Technology Officer and a director of CombiMatrix. Dr. Montgomery was employed by
Nanogen as a senior research scientist between May 1994 and August 1995. The
Nanogen complaint alleges, among other things, breach of contract, trade secret
misappropriation and that U.S. Patent No. 6,093,302 and other proprietary
information belonging to CombiMatrix are instead the property of Nanogen. The
complaint seeks, among other things, correction of inventorship on the patent,
the assignment of rights in the patent and pending patent applications to
Nanogen, an injunction preventing disclosure of trade secrets, damages for trade
secret misappropriation and the imposition of a constructive trust. On December
15, 2000, CombiMatrix and Dr. Montgomery filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit,
which was denied in part and granted in part on February 1, 2001. On March 9,
2001, CombiMatrix and Dr. Montgomery filed a counterclaim, alleging breach of
express covenants not to sue or otherwise interfere with Dr. Montgomery arising
out of a release signed by Nanogen in 1996. On April 4, 2001, Nanogen filed a
motion to dismiss the counterclaim, which the court denied in its entirety on
July 27, 2001. On July 31, 2002, the court denied a motion filed by CombiMatrix
for partial summary judgment regarding Donald Montgomery's prior settlement
agreement with Nanogen. Fact discovery is ongoing. CombiMatrix intends to
vigorously defend the lawsuit and pursue the counterclaim. Although we believe
that Nanogen's claims are without merit, we cannot predict the outcome of the
litigation.
12
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction
with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto contained
elsewhere in this report. The information contained in this Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated
with an investment in our common stock. We urge you to carefully review and
consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other
reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001 and our Registration
Statement on Form S-4 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May
7, 2002, as amended on July 2, 2002 and August 8, 2002, that discuss our
business in greater detail.
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of
the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995. Reference is made in particular to the description of our plans and
objectives for future operations, assumptions underlying such plans and
objectives, and other forward-looking statements included in this report. Such
statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as
"may," "will," "expect," "believe," "estimate," "anticipate," "intend,"
"continue," or similar terms, variations of such terms or the negative of such
terms. Such statements are based on management's current expectations and are
subject to a number of factors and uncertainties, which could cause actual
results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking
statements. Such statements address future events and conditions concerning
product development, capital expenditures, earnings, litigation, regulatory
matters, markets for products and services, liquidity and capital resources and
accounting matters. Actual results in each case could differ materially from
those anticipated in such statements by reason of factors such as future
economic conditions, changes in consumer demand, legislative, regulatory and
competitive developments in markets in which we and our subsidiaries operate,
and other circumstances affecting anticipated revenues and costs. We expressly
disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or
revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any
change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events,
conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. Additional
factors that could cause such results to differ materially from those described
in the forward-looking statements are set forth in connection with the
forward-looking statements.
OVERVIEW
As used in this Form 10-Q, "we," "us," "our," "Acacia" and "Acacia
Research" refer to Acacia Research Corporation and its subsidiary companies.
Acacia Research Corporation, a Delaware corporation, was originally
incorporated in California in January 1993 and reincorporated in Delaware in
December 1999.
The following discussion is based primarily on our unaudited
consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2002, and on our unaudited
consolidated statement of operations for the period from January 1, 2002 to June
30, 2002. The discussion compares the activities for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2002 to the activities for the three and six months ended June
30, 2001. This information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying
unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
Acacia Research Corporation develops, licenses and provides products
for the media technology and life science sectors. Acacia's media technologies
and life sciences businesses are referred to as "Acacia Media Technologies
Group" and "Acacia Life Sciences Group," respectively. Acacia licenses its
V-chip technology to television manufacturers and owns and is beginning to
market its pioneering technology for digital streaming and audio and
video-on-demand. We will continue to pursue both licensing and strategic
business alliances with leading companies in the rapidly growing media
technologies industry. Acacia's core technology opportunity in the life science
sector has been developed through our majority-owned subsidiary, CombiMatrix
Corporation ("CombiMatrix"), which is developing a proprietary system for rapid,
cost competitive creation of DNA and other compounds on a programmable
semiconductor chip.
13
On March 20, 2002, our board of directors approved a plan to divide our
common stock into two new classes of common stock: new "Acacia Research
Corporation - CombiMatrix" common stock, intended to reflect the performance of
our CombiMatrix subsidiary and all corporate assets, liabilities and related
transactions of Acacia Research Corporation attributed to the Acacia Life
Sciences Group business, and new "Acacia Research Corporation - Acacia
Technologies" common stock, intended to reflect the performance of our media
technology businesses, including Soundview Technologies Inc. ("Soundview
Technologies"), Acacia Media Technologies Corporation ("Acacia Media
Technologies") and all corporate assets, liabilities, and related transactions
of Acacia Research Corporation attributed to the Acacia Media Technology Group
business. The plan is subject to several conditions including the approval of
our stockholders. If the recapitalization proposal were approved and the other
conditions satisfied, our stockholders would receive shares of both of the new
classes of stock in exchange for existing shares of Acacia Research Corporation
common stock. The new share classes are intended to be separately listed on the
NASDAQ Market ("NASDAQ") under the symbols "CBMX" and "ACTG," respectively.
Our board of directors and CombiMatrix's board of directors have also
approved an agreement for us to acquire the minority stockholder interests in
CombiMatrix. The proposed acquisition would be accomplished through a merger in
which the minority stockholders of CombiMatrix would receive shares of the new
"Acacia Research Corporation - CombiMatrix" common stock in exchange for their
existing shares. The proposed transaction will be submitted to our stockholders
and the stockholders of CombiMatrix for approval.
The proposed recapitalization and merger are subject to several
conditions, including, but not limited to, receipt of approval of the
stockholders of both companies, as applicable, receipt of satisfactory tax
opinions, approval for listing of each new class of stock on NASDAQ and other
customary conditions. Our stockholders will receive a proxy describing the terms
of the proposals prior to being asked to vote upon and approve the
recapitalization and merger at a special meeting to be held to consider these
matters.
In April 2002, CombiMatrix's Japanese subsidiary entered into a
technology access and purchase agreement in Japan with the Computational Biology
Research Center ("CBRC"), a division of the Japanese National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. CBRC has purchased and installed a
CombiMatrix gene chip synthesizer and entered into a multi-year agreement to
purchase blank chips that will be used to synthesize custom gene chips. The
agreement also gives CBRC access to CombiMatrix's set of informatics tools to
help in its efforts to expand biotechnology related businesses in Japan.
On April 25, 2002, CombiMatrix purchased our interest in Advanced
Material Sciences, a development stage company that holds the exclusive license
for CombiMatrix's biological array processor technology in certain fields of
material science. CombiMatrix issued 180,982 shares of its common stock to us in
exchange for our 58% interest in Advanced Material Sciences. As a result of the
sale of our interest in Advanced Material Sciences, CombiMatrix currently owns
87% of Advanced Material Sciences and the remaining interests are owned by
unaffiliated entities.
In May 2002, CombiMatrix's Japanese subsidiary entered into a
technology access collaboration and purchasing agreement with the Genome Science
Laboratory at the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology ("RCAST")
of the University of Tokyo. Under the terms of the agreement, RCAST has
installed a CombiMatrix gene chip synthesizer and entered into a multi-year
agreement to purchase blank chips that will be used in the development of
diagnostic microarray applications, drug lead development and target gene
identification for the drug discovery industry. The agreement includes a
memorandum of understanding that in the event of the discovery or development of
novel and valuable content, candidates or products, the parties will establish
an agreement for the commercialization of those discoveries.
On May 7, 2002, we filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with the
Securities and Exchange Commission related to the proposed recapitalization and
merger transactions discussed above. We filed amendments to that registration
statement on July 2, 2002 and August 8, 2002.
In February 2002, CombiMatrix was awarded a six month $100,000 Phase I
National Institutes of Health grant for the development of its protein biochip
technology.
14
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
THREE MONTHS ENDED SIX MONTHS ENDED
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001 JUNE 30, 2002 JUNE 30, 2001
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net revenues $ 438,000 $ 10,091,000 $ 687,000 $ 12,714,000
Cost of sales (253,000) -- (253,000) --
Research and development expenses (5,026,000) (2,651,000) (7,694,000) (5,802,000)
Non-cash stock compensation
expense - research and development (692,000) (2,013,000) (1,113,000) (4,411,000)
Marketing, general and administrative expenses (5,516,000) (9,550,000) (9,587,000) (15,771,000)
Non-cash stock compensation
expense - marketing, general and administrative (1,451,000) (5,176,000) (2,453,000) (11,197,000)
Amortization of patents and goodwill (564,000) (638,000) (1,128,000) (1,271,000)
Other (expense) income, net (816,000) 1,031,000 (1,269,000) 2,175,000
Benefit (provision) for income taxes 75,000 (228,000) 144,000 (241,000)
Minority interests 4,104,000 4,362,000 6,539,000 9,553,000
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net loss $ (9,701,000) $ (4,772,000) $(16,127,000) $(14,251,000)
============= ============= ============= =============
COMPARISON OF THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2002 TO THE THREE AND SIX
MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2001
LICENSE FEE INCOME. During the three months ended June 30, 2002,
license fee income was $0 as compared to $10.0 million in license fee income
during the three months ended June 30, 2001. During the six months ended June
30, 2002, license fee income was $0 as compared to $12.4 million in license fee
income during the six months ended June 30, 2001. The license fee income for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2001 includes license fees received from
television manufacturers with whom we executed separate settlement and/or
license agreements during the first and second quarter of 2001 and December
2000. Pursuant to the terms of the respective settlement and/or license
agreements with each of the television manufacturers, Soundview Technologies
granted to such manufacturers, non-exclusive licenses for its patented V-chip
technology. Soundview Technologies did not record any license fee income during
the first and second quarters of 2002. The Acacia Media Technologies Group
continues to pursue both licensing and strategic business alliances with other
television manufacturers and leading companies in the media technologies
industry.
Acacia Media Technologies Group's patent on the V-chip technology
expires in July 2003. The Acacia Media Technologies Group may continue to
collect license fees on televisions sold in the United States during the patent
term, subsequent to the July 2003 patent expiration date. The Acacia Media
Technologies Group is beginning to market its digital media transmission
technology and is looking to acquire other technologies. The eventual licensing
and sale of these technologies is intended to replace the revenue generated by
licensing the V-chip technology. If we do not succeed in acquiring such
technologies or are unable to commercially license our existing and future
technologies, our financial condition may be adversely impacted.
PRODUCT REVENUE AND COST OF SALES. During the three and six months
ended June 30, 2002, product revenue was $274,000 as compared to $0 in product
revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2001. During the three
and six months ended June 30, 2002, cost of sales was $253,000 as compared to $0
in cost of sales during the three and six months ended June 30, 2001. Product
revenue and cost of sales relates to the sale of a gene chip synthesizer and a
gene-chip reader to a Japanese government institution by CombiMatrix's Japanese
subsidiary.
GRANT REVENUE. During the three months ended June 30, 2002, grant
revenue was $164,000 as compared to $91,000 in grant revenue during the three
months ended June 30, 2001. During the six months ended June 30, 2002, grant
revenue was $413,000 as compared to $274,000 in grant revenue during the six
months ended June 30, 2001. Grant revenue during the six months ended June 30,
2002 includes $182,000 ($91,000 in the first and second quarters of 2002) in
grant revenue from CombiMatrix's continuing performance under its Phase II SBIR
Department of Defense contract, $141,000 (recognized in the first quarter of
2002) in one-time contract research and development revenues and $90,000
($17,000 and $73,000 in the first and second quarter of 2002, respectively) in
revenue related to performance under its Phase I National Institutes of Health
grant. Grant revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2001 related to
CombiMatrix's continued performance under its Phase II SBIR contract.
15
CombiMatrix was awarded the two-year $0.7 million Phase II SBIR
contract in January 2000, which expires in July 2002. We expect to recognize a
final grant revenue amount of $91,000 in the third quarter of 2002 related to
the Phase II SBIR contract. In February 2002, CombiMatrix was awarded a six
month $100,000 Phase I National Institutes of Health grant for the development
of its protein biochip technology, of which $90,000 has been recognized as
revenue in the first two quarters of 2002, and we expect to recognize the
remaining portion of the grant in the third quarter of 2002.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES. During the three months ended June
30, 2002, research and development expense was $5.0 million, as compared to $2.7
million in the three months ended June 30, 2001. During the six months ended
June 30, 2002, research and development expense was $7.7 million, as compared to
$5.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2001. Research and development
expenses for both periods relate to CombiMatrix. The increase in research and
development expense for 2002, as compared to the same period in 2001 was
primarily due to an increase in activities related to CombiMatrix's continuing
performance under the product commercialization phase of its license, supply,
research and development agreements with Roche Diagnostics GmbH ("Roche"),
including increases in labor, supplies and materials, development of prototype
microarrays and instruments, and the use of outside consultants for certain
engineering and manufacturing efforts.
CombiMatrix's research and development activities during the third and
fourth quarters of 2001 and the first two quarters of 2002 were focused on
efforts to further develop and enhance its microarray technologies as well as to
commercialize these technologies. The majority of these efforts were driven by
CombiMatrix's obligations under its license, supply, research and development
agreements with Roche, which were executed in July 2001. These projects include
development of production microarray synthesis techniques, higher density
microarrays and the overall commercialization efforts of the technologies that
Roche is licensing from CombiMatrix.
MARKETING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. We incurred marketing,
general and administrative expenses of $5.5 million ($2.5 million related to
CombiMatrix) during the three months ended June 30, 2002, as compared to $9.6
million ($3.3 million related to CombiMatrix) in the three months ended June 30,
2001. Marketing, general and administrative expenses were $9.6 million ($4.5
million related to CombiMatrix) during the six months ended June 30, 2002, as
compared to $15.8 million ($6.4 million related to CombiMatrix) in the six
months ended June 30, 2001.
The decrease in marketing, general and administrative expenses for 2002
as compared to the same period in 2001 was due to: a decrease in salaries and
benefits costs related to a decrease in headcount at Acacia corporate resulting
from the closure and/or write-off of several of our early stage investments at
the end of 2000; a decrease in CombiMatrix's sales and marketing head count and
related expenses, recruitment and relocation expenses, administrative head count
and legal costs; and a decrease in legal fees incurred related to Soundview
Technologies' patent licensing and related infringement settlements. Legal fees
related to the license fee agreements executed with television manufacturers are
generally incurred on a contingency basis, based on license fee payments
received. Marketing, general and administrative expenses for the six months
ended June 30, 2002 include $692,000 in professional fees incurred in connection
with the preparation and filing of our registration statement on Form S-4
related to the proposed recapitalization transaction discussed elsewhere herein.
NON-CASH STOCK COMPENSATION EXPENSE.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. During the three and six months ended June
30, 2002, research and development related non-cash stock compensation charges,
all of which relate to CombiMatrix, were $0.7 million and $1.1 million,
respectively, as compared to $2.0 million and $4.4 million, respectively, during
the comparable periods in 2001.
MARKETING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. During the three and
six months ended June 30, 2002, marketing, general and administrative non-cash
stock compensation charges were $1.5 million ($1.4 million related to
CombiMatrix) and $2.5 million ($2.4 million related to CombiMatrix),
respectively, as compared to $5.2 million (approximately $5.2 million related to
CombiMatrix) and $11.2 million ($10.4 million related to CombiMatrix),
respectively, in the comparable period in 2001.
The decrease in non-cash stock compensation charges related to research
and development and marketing, general and administrative expenses is primarily
due to the forfeiture and cancellation of certain options in the third and
fourth quarters of 2001 and a reduction in scheduled stock compensation
amortization related to the accelerated method of amortization utilized by us
pursuant to FASB Interpretation No. 28, "Accounting for Stock Appreciation
Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans" ("FIN No. 28"), which
results in higher amounts of amortization in the early vesting periods, and
16
lower amounts of amortization in subsequent vesting periods. CombiMatrix
non-cash stock compensation amortization expense for the six months ended June
30, 2002 are net of $748,000 in stock compensation expense reversal related to
the forfeiture of certain unvested stock options in the first and second
quarters of 2002.
AMORTIZATION OF PATENTS AND GOODWILL. During the three months ended
June 30, 2002 and 2001, amortization expense relating to patents and goodwill
was $0.6 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2002, amortization
expense was $1.1 million, as compared to $1.3 million in amortization expense
during the six months ended June 30, 2001. Amortization expense relating to
patents and goodwill for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 excludes
$0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of amortization expense pursuant to
SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS No. 142"), which
requires goodwill to be tested for impairment under certain circumstances and
written off when determined to be impaired, rather than being amortized as
previous standards required. The reduction in goodwill amortization in the three
and six months ended June 30, 2002 was offset by an increase in patent
amortization related to the increase in our ownership interest in Acacia Media
Technologies Corporation (formerly Greenwich Information Technologies, a limited
liability company) from 33% to 100% through the purchase of the ownership
interest of Acacia Media Technologies Corporation's other member in November
2001. As a result of the purchase, we will be recording additional patent
amortization of $0.2 million on a quarterly basis over the related patents'
economic useful lives (approximately 10 years) related to the intangibles
identified in connection with the application of the purchase method of
accounting.
OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME, NET. During the three months ended June 30,
2002, other expense, net (primarily comprised of interest income, realized and
unrealized gains and losses on trading securities, equity in losses of affiliate
and other) was $0.8 million, as compared to $1.0 million in net other income in
2001. During the six months ended June 30, 2002, other expense, net (primarily
comprised of interest income, realized and unrealized gains and losses on
trading securities, equity in losses of affiliate and other) was $1.3 million,
as compared to $2.2 million in net other income in 2001.
INTEREST INCOME. During the three months ended June 30, 2002, interest
income was $0.3 million, as compared to $1.0 million in the three months ended
June 30, 2001. During the six months ended June 30, 2002, interest income was
$0.7 million, as compared to $2.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2001.
The decrease in interest income during 2002 was primarily due to the impact of a
decrease in interest rates on our short-term investments related to sharp
interest rate cuts by the Federal Open Market Committee and other external
economic factors negatively impacting rates of return on short-term investments
occurring during the third and fourth quarters of 2001.
REALIZED LOSSES ON SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS. During the three
months ended June 30, 2002, net realized losses on short-term investments was
$0.9 million, as compared to no realized losses on short-term investments in the
three months ended June 30, 2001. During the six months ended June 30, 2002, net
realized losses on short-term investments was $1.5 million, as compared to no
realized losses on short-term investments in the six months ended June 30, 2001.
The increase in realized losses on short-term investments during 2002 was due to
realized losses recorded on certain trading securities during the three and six
months ended June 30, 2002. We did not hold any trading securities during the
three or six months ended June 30, 2001.
UNREALIZED LOSSES ON SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS. During the three
months ended June 30, 2002, net unrealized losses were $0.2 million, as compared
to no unrealized losses in the same period in 2001. During the six months ended
June 30, 2002, net unrealized loses were $0.5 million, as compared to no
unrealized losses in the same period in 2001. The increase is due to the results
of certain trading securities held during the respective periods. We did not
hold any trading securities during the three or six months ended June 30, 2001.
EQUITY IN LOSSES OF AFFILIATE. During the three months ended
June 30, 2002, equity in losses of affiliate was $0, as compared to $55,000 in
the three months ended June 30, 2001. During the six months ended June 30, 2002,
equity in losses of affiliate was $0, as compared to $110,000 in the six months
ended June 30, 2001. Equity in losses of affiliate during the three and six
months ended June 30, 2001 was comprised of losses recorded for our equity
investment in Acacia Media Technologies Corporation. As of December 31, 2001, we
no longer account for any of our investments under the equity method as we
directly own more that 50% of the outstanding voting securities of all of our
subsidiaries and as a result, account for our investments under the
consolidation method of accounting.
MINORITY INTERESTS. Minority interests in the losses of consolidated
subsidiaries was $4.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2002, as
compared to $4.4 million in the same period in 2001. Minority interests in the
losses of consolidated subsidiaries was $6.5 million during the six months ended
June 30, 2002, as compared to $9.6 million in the same period in 2001. Minority
interests in the losses of consolidated subsidiaries for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2002 were primarily comprised of minority interests in the
net losses of CombiMatrix totaling $4.0 million and $6.3 million, respectively.
Minority interests in the losses of consolidated subsidiaries for the three and
17
six months ended June 30, 2001 were comprised primarily of minority interests in
the net losses of CombiMatrix totaling $5.3 million and $10.8 million,
respectively. Minority interests in the losses of consolidated subsidiaries for
the three and six months ended June 30, 2001 were partially offset by minority
interests in the net income of Soundview Technologies totaling $1.0 million and
$1.3 million, respectively. The decrease in minority interests in the losses of
consolidated subsidiaries is primarily due to a reduction in CombiMatrix's net
losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 as compared to the same
periods in 2001.
DEFERRED NON-CASH STOCK COMPENSATION CHARGES
During the year ended December 31, 2000, our majority-owned subsidiary,
CombiMatrix, recorded deferred non-cash stock compensation charges aggregating
approximately $53.8 million in connection with the granting of stock options.
The stock options were granted at exercise prices equal to the fair value of the
underlying CombiMatrix stock on the date of grant as determined in good faith by
CombiMatrix's board of directors. Such exercise prices were subsequently
determined to be below fair value due to a substantial step-up in the fair value
of CombiMatrix pursuant to a valuation provided by an investment banker in
contemplation of a potential CombiMatrix initial public offering in 2000. In
connection with the proposed CombiMatrix initial public offering and pursuant to
Securities and Exchange Commission rules and guidelines, we were required to
reassess the value of stock options issued during the one-year period preceding
the potential initial public offering and utilize the stepped-up fair value
provided by the investment banker for purposes of determining whether such stock
option issuances were compensatory, resulting in the calculation of the $53.8
million in deferred non-cash stock compensation charges in 2000. Deferred
non-cash stock compensation charges are being amortized by CombiMatrix over the
respective option grant vesting periods, which range from one to four years. At
June 30, 2002, remaining non-cash deferred stock compensation, net of past
amortization, and the impact of previous forfeitures and cancellations totaled
$7.6 million.
The remaining deferred non-cash stock compensation balance as of June
30, 2002 related to stock options issued by CombiMatrix represents the future
non-cash deferred stock compensation expense that will be reflected in our
consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as non-cash stock
compensation charges over the next ten quarters from July 1, 2002 through
December 31, 2004 as follows:
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH
YEAR QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER TOTAL
- ---- ------- ------- ------- ------- -----
2002 $ -- $ -- $2,000,000 $1,191,000 $3,191,000
2003 955,000 959,000 921,000 492,000 3,327,000
2004 350,000 345,000 316,000 73,000 1,084,000
-----------
$7,602,000
===========
Non-cash deferred stock compensation expense scheduled to be recognized
in future periods reflected above may be impacted by certain subsequent stock
option transactions including modification of terms, cancellations, forfeitures
and other activity.
INFLATION
Inflation has not had a significant impact on us or our subsidiaries.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At June 30, 2002, we had cash and short-term investments of $66.4
million on a consolidated basis, including discontinued operations, of which
Acacia Research Corporation, on a stand-alone basis excluding our subsidiaries,
had $37.2 million. Working capital was $53.6 million on a consolidated basis at
June 30, 2002. There were no significant financing activities for the three
months ended June 30, 2002.
We have no significant commitments for capital expenditures in 2002.
Our minimum rental commitments, including CombiMatrix, on operating leases
related to continuing operations total $13.4 million through February 2007. We
have no committed lines of credit or other significant committed funding. We
anticipate that existing working capital reserves will provide sufficient funds
for our operating expenses for at least the next twelve months in the absence of
making any major new investments. We intend to seek additional financing to fund
new or existing businesses.
18
There can be no assurances that we will not encounter unforeseen
difficulties that may deplete our capital resources more rapidly than
anticipated. Any efforts to seek additional funding could be made through
equity, debt or other external financing and there can be no assurance that
additional funding will be available on favorable terms, if at all. Such
financing transactions may be dilutive to existing investors. If we fail to
obtain additional funding when needed, we may not be able to execute our
business plans and our business may suffer.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Refer to Note 3 to the interim financial statements included elsewhere
herein.
RISK FACTORS
Set forth below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in the other
documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission are risks and
uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the
results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this
Quarterly Report.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
BECAUSE OUR BUSINESS OPERATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO MANY INHERENT AND UNCONTROLLABLE
RISKS, WE MAY NOT SUCCEED.
We have significant economic interests in our subsidiary companies. Our
business operations are subject to numerous risks, challenges, expenses and
uncertainties inherent in the establishment of new business enterprises. Many of
these risks and challenges are subject to outside influences over which we have
no control, including:
o our subsidiary companies' products and services face uncertain
market acceptance;
o technological advances may make our subsidiary companies'
products and services obsolete or less competitive;
o competition;
o increases in operating costs, including costs for supplies,
personnel and equipment;
o the availability and cost of capital;
o general economic conditions; and
o governmental regulation that excessively restricts our
subsidiary companies' businesses.
We cannot assure you that our subsidiary companies will be able to
market any product or service on a commercial scale, that our subsidiary
companies will ever achieve or maintain profitable operations or that they, or
we, will be able to remain in business.
BECAUSE OF THE RISKS INHERENT IN INVESTING IN EMERGING COMPANIES, INCLUDING THE
LACK OF OPERATING HISTORIES AND UNPROVEN TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS, WE MAY INCUR
SUBSTANTIAL LOSSES.
Investing in emerging companies carries a high degree of risk,
including difficulties in selecting ventures with viable business plans and
acceptable likelihoods of success and future profitability. There is a high
probability of loss associated with investments in emerging companies. We must
also dedicate significant amounts of financial resources, management attention
and personnel to identify and develop each new business opportunity without any
assurance that these expenditures will prove fruitful.
We generally invest in start-up ventures with no operating histories,
unproven technologies and products and, in some cases, without experienced
management. We may not be successful in developing these start-up ventures.
Because of the uncertainties and risks associated with such start-up ventures,
we could experience substantial losses associated with failed ventures.
19
In addition, the market for venture capital in the United States is
increasingly competitive. As a result, we may lose business opportunities and
may need to accept financing and equity investments on less favorable terms.
Also, we may be unable to participate in additional ventures because we lack the
financial resources to provide them with full funding. We, as well as our
subsidiary companies, may need to depend on external financing to provide
sufficient capital.
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND EXPECT TO INCUR ADDITIONAL LOSSES IN THE FUTURE.
We have sustained substantial losses since our inception resulting in
an accumulated deficit of $116.1 million (including a reclassification of
accumulated deficit in the amount of $21.7 million to permanent capital
representing the fair value of the ten percent (10%) stock dividend paid in
2001) on a consolidated basis, including operating losses of $43.2 million in
2001 and $21.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. We may never
become profitable or if we do, we may never be able to sustain profitability. We
expect to incur significant research and development, marketing, general and
administrative expenses. As a result, we expect to incur significant losses for
the foreseeable future.
TECHNOLOGY COMPANY STOCK PRICES ARE ESPECIALLY VOLATILE, AND THIS VOLATILITY MAY
DEPRESS OUR STOCK PRICE.
Our common stock, which is quoted on the NASDAQ Market, has experienced
significant price and volume fluctuations. Additionally, the stock market
generally, and the stock prices of technology companies specifically, have been
very volatile. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly
in response to a number of factors beyond our control, including:
o changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
o our failure to meet the expectations of securities analysts;
o announcements by us, our customers, our subsidiaries or our
competitors;
o changes in market valuations of similar companies;
o changes in accounting rules and regulations; and
o future sales of our common stock by our existing stockholders.
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought
against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its
securities. Due to the potential volatility of our stock price, we may be the
target of such litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in
substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources, which could
seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
BECAUSE OUR OPERATING RESULTS HAVE FLUCTUATED SIGNIFICANTLY AND MAY CONTINUE TO
DO SO IN THE FUTURE, OUR STOCK PRICE MAY BE VERY VOLATILE.
Each of the risk factors described below may cause our operating
results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. As a result of these and
other risk factors, the price of our stock may be more volatile than the stock
prices of other companies. Certain risk factors specific to our subsidiaries are
listed in the following risk factor.
The risks affecting our operating results include:
o the operating results of our current and future subsidiary
companies;
o the nature and timing of our investments in new subsidiary
companies;
o our decisions to acquire or divest interests in our current
and future subsidiaries, which may create changes in losses or
income and amortization of goodwill;
o changes in our methods of accounting for our current and
future subsidiaries, which may cause us to recognize gains or
losses under applicable accounting rules;
20
o the timing of the sales of equity interests in our current and
future subsidiary companies;
o our ability to effectively manage our growth and the growth of
our subsidiary companies;
o general economic conditions;
o the cost of future acquisitions, which may increase due to
intense competition from other potential acquirers of
technology-related companies or ideas; and
o our ability to generate a consistent source of recurring
revenue to fund expenses incurred in pursuing and developing
new business ventures.
BECAUSE OUR SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES MAY NOT GENERATE ANY REVENUES, AND OPERATING
RESULTS FROM OUR SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES MAY FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY, OUR OWN
OPERATING RESULTS MAY BE NEGATIVELY AFFECTED.
Our operating results may be materially impacted by the operating
results of our subsidiary companies. The revenues and operating results of each
of our subsidiary companies have fluctuated in the past and may continue to
fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter in the future. We cannot assure
that these companies will be able to meet their anticipated working capital
needs to develop their products and services. If they fail to properly develop
these products and services, they will be unable to generate meaningful product
sales. The following are among the factors that could cause each subsidiary
company's operating results to fluctuate significantly from period to period:
o the stage of development of the business;
o the technical feasibility of their technologies and
techniques;
o their ability to exploit and commercialize technology;
o the timing of new product introductions;
o the novelty of their technology;
o the accuracy, effectiveness and reliability of their products;
o the level of product acceptance;
o the volume and timing of orders received and product line
maturation;
o the nature, pricing and timing of their and their competitors'
products;
o changes in their and their competitors' research and
development budgets;
o access to distribution channels;
o the timing of payments under the terms of any customer or
license agreements;
o the strength of their intellectual property rights;
o their ability to avoid infringing the intellectual property
rights of others;
o expenses related to, and the results of, patent filings and
other proceedings relating to intellectual property rights;
o expenses related to, and their ability to comply with,
governmental regulations of products and processes; and
o costs related to acquisitions, alliances, licenses and other
efforts to expand their operations.
21
Many of these factors are beyond our subsidiary companies' control. We
cannot provide any assurance that any subsidiary company will experience growth
in the future or be profitable on an operating basis in any future period.
A LACK OF MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF OUR SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES' PRODUCTS WILL RESULT IN
OPERATING LOSSES.
Each of our subsidiary companies is developing new technologies and
products, as further detailed below. To the extent any of these technologies and
products are not accepted by their respective markets, we will incur operating
losses.
COMBIMATRIX. CombiMatrix is developing a proprietary biochip microarray
processor system that integrates semiconductor technology with new developments
in biotechnology and chemistry. Although CombiMatrix has been awarded three
research grants sponsored by different U.S. governmental agencies, CombiMatrix
is a developmental-stage company without any significant current revenues. Its
current activities relate almost exclusively to research and development.
CombiMatrix must conduct additional testing before any of its products will be
ready for sale. Because the technologies critical to the success of this
industry are in their infancy, we cannot assure you that CombiMatrix will be
able to successfully implement its technologies. If its technologies are
successful, CombiMatrix intends to pursue collaborations with pharmaceutical
companies for activities such as screening potential drug compounds. We cannot
assure you that CombiMatrix, even if successful in developing its technologies,
would be able to successfully implement collaborative efforts with
pharmaceutical companies and create commercially successful products. Even if
CombiMatrix develops commercially viable products, it has no experience
manufacturing, marketing, pricing or selling products in the volumes that would
be required for commercial success. This inexperience could hinder CombiMatrix's
ability to profit from any viable products it may develop.
SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGIES. Soundview Technologies was formed to
commercialize patent rights of a method of video and audio blanking technology,
also known as V-chip technology, that screens objectionable television
programming and blocks it from the viewer. Although Soundview Technologies has
licensed its technology to certain television manufacturers, we cannot assure
you that it will continue to be profitable.
ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES (FORMERLY KNOWN AS GREENWICH INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGIES LLC). Acacia Media Technologies owns a worldwide portfolio of
pioneering patents relating to audio and video transmission and receiving
systems, commonly known as audio-on-demand and video-on-demand, used for
distributing content via various methods including computer networks, cable
television systems and direct broadcasting satellite systems. The market for
information-on-demand systems has only recently begun to develop and is rapidly
evolving. Demand and market acceptance for information-on-demand systems are
subject to substantial uncertainty and risk. We cannot predict whether, or how
fast, this market will grow or how long it can be sustained. To date, Acacia
Media Technologies has yet to license any of its technology. It is uncertain if
and to what extent Acacia Media Technologies will be able to profitably market
and license its rights to the information-on-demand technology.
IF WE, OR OUR SUBSIDIARIES, ENCOUNTER UNFORESEEN DIFFICULTIES AND CANNOT OBTAIN
ADDITIONAL FUNDING ON FAVORABLE TERMS, OUR BUSINESS MAY SUFFER.
As of June 30, 2002, we had cash and short-term investments of $66.4
million on our consolidated financial statements. However, portions of these
funds were held by certain of our consolidated subsidiaries and thus are
restricted to their individual use.
To date, our subsidiary companies have relied primarily upon selling
equity securities, including sales to and loans from us, to generate the funds
needed to finance implementing their plans of operations. Our subsidiary
companies may be required to obtain additional financing through bank
borrowings, debt or equity financings or otherwise, which would require us to
make additional investments or face a dilution of our equity interests.
We cannot assure that we will not encounter unforeseen difficulties
that may deplete our capital resources more rapidly than anticipated. Any
efforts to seek additional funds could be made through equity, debt or other
external financings. However, we cannot assure that additional funding will be
available on favorable terms, if at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding
when needed for our subsidiary companies and ourselves, we may not be able to
execute our business plans and our business may suffer.
22
OUR BUSINESS MAY BE HARMED IF MARKET AND OTHER CONDITIONS ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR
ABILITY TO DISPOSE OF CERTAIN ASSETS AT FAVORABLE PRICES.
An element of our business plan involves disposing of, in public
offerings or private transactions, our subsidiary companies and future partner
companies, or portions of assets thereof, to the extent such assets are no
longer consistent with our business plan. If we sell any such subsidiary
companies or assets, the price we receive will depend upon market and other
conditions. Therefore, we may not be able to sell at favorable prices. Market
and other conditions beyond our control affect:
o our ability to effect these sales;
o the timing of these sales; and
o the amount of proceeds from these sales.
In some instances, we may not be able to sell some or any of these
assets due to poor market and other conditions. As a result, we may be adversely
affected because we will be unable to dispose of assets or may receive a lesser
amount for our assets than we believe is favorable.
FAILURE TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE OUR GROWTH COULD PLACE STRAINS ON OUR MANAGERIAL,
OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS AND
OPERATING RESULTS.
Our growth has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a
significant strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources.
Further, as the number of our subsidiary companies and their respective
businesses grow, we will be required to manage multiple relationships. Any
further growth by us or our subsidiary companies or an increase in the number of
our strategic relationships will increase this strain on our managerial,
operational and financial resources. This strain may inhibit our ability to
achieve the rapid execution necessary to successfully implement our business
plan. In addition, our future success depends on our ability to expand our
organization to match the growth of our business and our subsidiaries.
OUR FUTURE SUCCESS DEPENDS IN PART ON THE CONTINUED SERVICE OF OUR KEY
EXECUTIVES, AND THE LOSS OF ANY OF THESE KEY EXECUTIVES COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT
OUR BUSINESS AND OPERATING RESULTS.
Our success depends in part upon the continued service of our executive
officers, particularly Paul R. Ryan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
and Robert L. Harris, II, our President. Neither Mr. Ryan nor Mr. Harris has an
employment or non-competition agreement with us. The loss of either of these key
individuals would be detrimental to our ongoing operations and prospects.
OUR FUTURE SUCCESS AND THE SUCCESS OF OUR SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES DEPENDS ON OUR
AND THEIR ABILITIES TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN QUALIFIED TECHNICAL PERSONNEL AND
QUALIFIED MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING TEAMS. FAILURE TO DO SO WOULD HARM OUR
ONGOING OPERATIONS AND BUSINESS PROSPECTS.
We believe that our success will depend on continued employment by us
and our subsidiary companies of senior management and key technical personnel.
Our subsidiary companies will need to attract, retain and motivate qualified
management personnel to execute their current business plans and to successfully
develop commercially viable products and services. Competition for qualified
personnel is intense and we cannot assure you that we will successfully retain
our existing key employees or attract and retain any additional personnel we may
require.
Each of our subsidiary companies has key executives upon whom we
significantly depend, and the success of those subsidiary companies depends on
their ability to retain and motivate those individuals. In addition, the growth
of any of our subsidiaries would likely place increased demands on its resources
and require the addition of new management personnel.
OUR SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES FACE INTENSE COMPETITION, OFTEN AGAINST COMPETITORS
WITH LONGER HISTORIES, GREATER NAME RECOGNITION AND MORE EXPERIENCE IN RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT. OUR FAILURE TO COMPETE EFFECTIVELY COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS.
Each of our subsidiary companies faces intense competition. Many of the
competitors to our subsidiary companies have greater financial, marketing and
other resources. In addition, a number of competitors may have greater brand
recognition and longer operating histories than our subsidiary companies. Our
subsidiary companies' individual risks are regarding competition further
described below.
23
COMBIMATRIX. The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are
subject to intense competition and rapid and significant technological change.
CombiMatrix anticipates that it will face increased competition in the future as
new companies enter the market and advanced technologies become available. Many
of these competitors have more experience in research and development than
CombiMatrix. Technological advances or entirely different approaches developed
by one or more of CombiMatrix's competitors could render CombiMatrix's processes
obsolete or uneconomical. The existing approaches of CombiMatrix's competitors
or new approaches or technology developed by CombiMatrix's competitors may be
more effective than those developed by CombiMatrix.
SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGIES. Other companies may develop competing
technologies that offer better or less expensive alternatives to the V-chip
offered by Soundview Technologies. Many potential competitors, including
television manufacturers, have significantly greater resources. In addition, the
outcome of Soundview Technologies' pending litigation against television
manufacturers is uncertain.
ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES. Other companies may develop competing
technologies that offer better or less expensive alternatives to the
information-on-demand technology offered by Acacia Media Technologies. In the
event a competing technology emerges, Acacia Media Technologies would expect
substantial competition.
WE CANNOT ASSURE THAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY PROTECT OUR SUBSIDIARY
COMPANIES' PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY, AND WE COULD ALSO BE SUBJECT TO INFRINGEMENT
CLAIMS.
The success of our subsidiary companies relies, to varying degrees, on
proprietary rights and their protection or exclusivity. Although reasonable
efforts will be taken to protect their proprietary rights, the complexity of
international trade secret, copyright, trademark and patent law, and common law,
coupled with limited resources and the demands of quick delivery of products and
services to market, create risk that these efforts will prove inadequate. From
time to time, we may be subject to third-party claims in the ordinary course of
business, including claims of alleged infringement of proprietary rights by us
and our subsidiary companies. Any such claims may damage our business by
subjecting us and our subsidiary companies to significant liability for damage
and invalidating proprietary rights, with or without merit, and could subject
our subsidiary companies to costly litigation and the diversion of their
technical and management personnel. In the event of any adverse ruling in any
intellectual property litigation, we could be required to:
o pay substantial damages;
o cease the manufacturing, use and sale of certain products;
o discontinue the use of certain process technologies; and
o obtain a license from a third-party claiming infringement,
which might not be available on reasonable terms, if at all.
CombiMatrix, Acacia Media Technologies and Soundview Technologies
depend largely on the protection of enforceable patent rights. Collectively,
they have more than 45 applications pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office and other major foreign country or region (e.g. Europe) patent offices,
seeking protection for their core technologies and or related product
applications and processes, and have 32 patents or rights to patents that have
been issued or granted. We cannot assure you that the pending patent
applications will be issued or granted, that third-parties will not infringe, or
attempt to invalidate these intellectual property rights or that certain aspects
of their intellectual property will not be engineered-around by third-parties
without violating the patent rights of CombiMatrix, Acacia Media Technologies or
Soundview Technologies. For Acacia Media Technologies and Soundview
Technologies, intellectual property constitutes their only significant assets.
Existing patents owned by our subsidiary companies and any future
issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing
our subsidiary companies' technologies or developing competitive technologies.
In addition, others may oppose or invalidate our subsidiary companies' patents
and those patents may fail to provide a competitive advantage. Enforcing our
subsidiary companies' intellectual property rights may be difficult, costly and
time consuming and ultimately may not be successful.
24
Many of our subsidiary companies also hold licenses from third parties,
and it is possible that they could become subject to infringement actions based
upon such licenses. Our subsidiary companies generally obtain representations as
to the origin and ownership of such licensed content. However, this may not
adequately protect them.
Our subsidiary companies also enter into confidentiality agreements
with third parties and generally limit access to information relating to their
proprietary rights. Despite these precautions, third parties may be able to gain
access to and use their proprietary rights to develop competing technologies and
products with similar or better features and prices. Any substantial
unauthorized use of our subsidiary companies' proprietary rights could
materially and adversely affect their business and operational results.
Since some genetic sequences are patented, CombiMatrix intends to
secure indemnification from its customers in the case of any inadvertent
synthesis of a patented genetic sequence in preparing its biological array
processors. This indemnity will not protect CombiMatrix from being joined or
held liable in any litigation involving a claim for misappropriation of
unlicensed rights and will not protect CombiMatrix against awards of substantial
damages if a customer is unwilling or unable to honor an indemnity obligation.
In such an event, CombiMatrix would be required to devote substantial time to
defending the litigation and might be required to expend substantial funds
defending itself or in the satisfaction of damage awards if our customer refuses
or is unable to honor its indemnity obligations. This could materially and
adversely affect CombiMatrix's business and operational results.
PENDING LAWSUITS INVOLVING SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGIES AND COMBIMATRIX COULD
ADVERSELY AFFECT THE BUSINESS, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS OF
THOSE SUBSIDIARIES.
In 2000, Soundview Technologies filed a federal patent infringement and
antitrust lawsuit against certain television manufacturers, the Consumer
Electronics Manufacturers Association and the Electronics Industries Alliance
d/b/a/ Consumer Electronics Association in the United States District Court for
the Eastern District of Virginia, alleging that television sets utilizing
certain content blocking technology (commonly known as the "V-chip") and sold in
the United States infringe Soundview Technologies' Patent No. 4,554,584. The
case is now pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut
against Sony Corporation of America, Inc., Sony Electronics, Inc., the
Electronics Industries Alliance d/b/a/ Consumer Electronics Association, the
Consumer Electronics Manufacturers Association, Mitsubishi Digital Electronics
America, Inc., Mitsubishi Electronics America, Inc., Toshiba America Consumer
Products, Inc. and Sharp Electronics Corporation. However, no assurance can be
given that Soundview Technologies will prevail in this action or that the
television manufacturers will be required to pay royalties to Soundview
Technologies. If Soundview Technologies does not prevail in this litigation, its
business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially
adversely affected.
On November 28, 2000, Nanogen, Inc. ("Nanogen") filed a complaint
against CombiMatrix and Donald D. Montgomery, Ph.D., a former employee of
Nanogen and an officer and director of CombiMatrix, in the United States
District Court for the Southern District of California. Nanogen alleges breach
of contract, trade secret misappropriation and that U. S. Patent No. 6,093,302
and other proprietary information belonging to CombiMatrix are instead the
property of Nanogen. CombiMatrix and Dr. Montgomery both deny, and intend to
vigorously defend against, the claims in the lawsuit. Accordingly, on December
15, 2000, CombiMatrix and Dr. Montgomery filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit,
which was denied in part and granted in part on February 1, 2001. On March 9,
2001, CombiMatrix and Dr. Montgomery filed a counterclaim, alleging breach of
express covenants not to sue or otherwise interfere with Dr. Montgomery arising
out of a release signed by Nanogen in 1996. On April 4, 2001, Nanogen filed a
motion to dismiss the counterclaim, which the court denied in its entirety on
July 27, 2001. On July 31, 2002, the court denied a motion filed by CombiMatrix
for partial summary judgment regarding Donald Montgomery's prior settlement
agreement with Nanogen. Fact discovery is ongoing. CombiMatrix intends to
vigorously defend the lawsuit and pursue the counterclaim. Although we believe
that Nanogen's claims are without merit, we cannot predict the outcome of the
litigation. If Nanogen prevails in its lawsuit against CombiMatrix,
CombiMatrix's business, results of operations and financial condition could be
materially adversely affected.
BECAUSE WE HAVE A LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY, WE CANNOT ASSURE THAT OUR
OPERATIONS WILL BE PROFITABLE.
We commenced operations in 1993 and, accordingly, have a limited
operating history. In addition, many of our subsidiary companies are in the
early stages of development and have limited operating histories. You should
consider our prospects in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties
frequently encountered by companies with such limited operating histories. Since
we have a limited operating history, we cannot assure you that our operations
will be profitable or that we will generate sufficient revenues to meet our
expenditures and support our activities.
During the six months ended June 30, 2002, we had an operating loss of
approximately $21.5 million and a net loss of approximately $16.1 million. If we
continue to incur operating losses, we may not have enough money to expand our
business and our subsidiary companies' businesses in the future.
25
OUR LACK OF CONTROL OVER DECISION-MAKING AND DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS AT CERTAIN
SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES MEANS THAT WE CANNOT PREVENT THEM FROM TAKING ACTIONS THAT
WE BELIEVE MAY RESULT IN ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES.
We currently own a 4.9% interest in Advanced Data Exchange and have no
board of director representation. Additional rounds of equity financing may
further dilute our interest in Advanced Data Exchange. We do not have the
ability to control decision-making at Advanced Data Exchange.
THE AVAILABILITY OF SHARES FOR SALE IN THE FUTURE COULD REDUCE THE MARKET PRICE
OF OUR COMMON STOCK.
In the future, we may issue securities to raise cash for acquisitions.
We may also pay for interests in additional subsidiary companies by using a
combination of cash and our common stock or just our common stock. We may also
issue securities convertible into our common stock. Any of these events may
dilute your ownership interest in us and have an adverse impact on the price of
our common stock.
In addition, sales of a substantial amount of our common stock in the
public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could reduce the
market price of our common stock. This could also impair our ability to raise
additional capital through the sale of our securities.
BECAUSE SOME OF OUR FACILITIES ARE LOCATED IN CALIFORNIA, WE COULD BE ADVERSELY
AFFECTED BY ROLLING BLACKOUTS OR A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE.
Our facilities, excluding CombiMatrix, are primarily located in
California. California experienced an energy shortage in 2001, and as a result,
several cities were subject to rolling blackouts. In the event we experience
rolling blackouts or other loss or reduction of electrical power, our operations
could be adversely impacted.
Additionally, in the event of a major earthquake, our facilities could
be significantly damaged or destroyed and result in a material adverse loss to
us and some of our subsidiary companies. We have not obtained and do not
presently intend to obtain earthquake insurance or business interruption
coverage.
DELAWARE LAW AND OUR CHARTER DOCUMENTS CONTAIN PROVISIONS THAT COULD DISCOURAGE
OR PREVENT A POTENTIAL TAKEOVER OF ACACIA THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE RESULT IN OUR
STOCKHOLDERS RECEIVING A PREMIUM OVER THE MARKET PRICE OF THEIR SHARES.
Provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and
bylaws could make more difficult the acquisition of Acacia by means of a tender
offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and the removal of incumbent officers and
directors. These provisions include:
o Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which
prohibits a merger with a 15%-or-greater stockholder, such as
a party that has completed a successful tender offer, until
three years after that party became a 15%-or-greater
stockholder;
o amendment of our bylaws by the stockholders requires a
two-thirds approval of the outstanding shares;
o the authorization in our certificate of incorporation of
undesignated preferred stock, which could be issued without
stockholder approval in a manner designed to prevent or
discourage a takeover;
o provisions in our bylaws eliminating stockholders' rights to
call a special meeting of stockholders, which could make it
more difficult for stockholders to wage a proxy contest for
control of our board of directors or to vote to repeal any of
the anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of
incorporation and bylaws; and
o the division of our board of directors into three classes with
staggered terms for each class, which could make it more
difficult for an outsider to gain control of our board of
directors.
Such potential obstacles to a takeover could adversely affect the
ability of our stockholders to receive a premium price for their stock in the
event another company wants to acquire us.
26
WE MAY INCUR SIGNIFICANT COSTS TO AVOID INVESTMENT COMPANY STATUS AND MAY SUFFER
ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES IF DEEMED TO BE AN INVESTMENT COMPANY.
We may incur significant costs to avoid investment company status and
may suffer other adverse consequences if deemed to be an investment company
under the Investment Company Act. Some of our equity investments may constitute
investment securities under the Investment Company Act. A company may be deemed
to be an investment company if it owns investment securities with a value
exceeding 40% of its total assets, subject to certain exclusions. Investment
companies are subject to registration under, and compliance with, the Investment
Company Act unless a particular exclusion or regulatory safe harbor applies. If
we are deemed an investment company, we would become subject to the requirements
of the Investment Company Act. As a consequence, we would be prohibited from
engaging in business or issuing securities as we have in the past and might be
subject to civil and criminal penalties for noncompliance. In addition, certain
of our contracts might be voidable, and a court-appointed receiver could take
control of us and liquidate our business.
Although we believe our investment securities currently comprise less
than 40% of our assets, fluctuations in the value of these securities or of our
other assets may cause this limit to be exceeded. This would require us to
attempt to reduce our investment securities as a percentage of our total assets.
This reduction can be attempted in a number of ways, including the disposition
of investment securities and the acquisition of non-investment security assets.
If we sell investment securities, we may sell them sooner than we otherwise
would. These sales may be at depressed prices and we may never realize
anticipated benefits from, or may incur losses on, these investments. Some
investments may not be sold due to contractual or legal restrictions or the
inability to locate a suitable buyer. Moreover, we may incur tax liabilities
when we sell assets. We may also be unable to purchase additional investment
securities that may be important to our operating strategy. If we decide to
acquire non-investment security assets, we may not be able to identify and
acquire suitable assets and businesses.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR PROPOSED RECAPITALIZATION AND MERGER
WE INTEND TO DIVIDE OUR COMMON STOCK INTO TWO NEW CLASSES AND TO ACQUIRE THE
MINORITY STOCKHOLDER INTERESTS IN COMBIMATRIX.
On March 20, 2002, we announced our intention to divide our common
stock into two new classes: one that would reflect the performance of our
CombiMatrix subsidiary, and another that would reflect the performance of our
media technologies business, including Soundview Technologies and Acacia Media
Technologies. We also announced our intention to acquire the minority
stockholder interests in CombiMatrix. If these proposals are approved by our
stockholders, our operating results could be negatively affected by various
factors related to the recapitalization and acquisition, including: difficulty
obtaining or meeting conditions imposed for any necessary legal, governmental
and administrative approvals for the transactions; costs related to the
transactions; fluctuating stock market levels that could cause the value of our
new stock classes to be less than our current stock value; the failure of the
stock market to ascribe value to our new business structure; and the failure of
Acacia to realize anticipated benefits of these transactions.
SINCE THERE HAS BEEN NO PRIOR MARKET FOR THE TWO NEW CLASSES OF STOCK, WE CAN
NOT PROVIDE ANY ASSURANCES AS TO THE MARKET PRICE OR LIQUIDITY OF EACH OF THOSE
STOCKS.
Because there has been no prior market for the two proposed classes of
stock, we cannot assure you of their respective market prices or liquidity
following the recapitalization if such recapitalization is approved by our
stockholders. If the merger and recapitalization are approved and an active
market does develop, we cannot assure you that it will be maintained. Until an
orderly market does develop for the two stocks, their respective trading prices
may fluctuate significantly.
THE COMBINED MARKET VALUES OF THE TWO CLASSES OF STOCK RECEIVED IN THE
RECAPITALIZATION MAY BE LESS THAN THE MARKET VALUE OF OUR EXISTING COMMON STOCK.
If the merger and recapitalization are approved, we cannot assure you
that the combined market values of the two classes of stock received in the
recapitalization will equal or exceed the market value of a share of our
existing common stock prior to the recapitalization. The capital structure of
having two separate classes of common stock for the two groups is more complex
than having a single class of common stock and not directly comparable to common
stock of companies that have been spun off by their parent companies. The
complex nature of the two classes of stock, and the potential difficulty that
investors may have in understanding these terms, may adversely affect the market
price of the two classes of stock. Examples of these terms include:
27
o board discretion in making determinations affecting the two
groups, such as handling potential conflicts of interest
between the two groups and possibly changing allocation
policies between the groups;
o redemption and conversion rights applicable upon the
disposition of all or substantially all of the assets
attributed to either group;
o the ability of our board to convert shares of one class of
common stock into shares of the other class of common stock;
and
o variable voting rights of the two classes of stock.
WE MAY NOT COMPLETE THE RECAPITALIZATION OF OUR STOCK OR THE ACQUISITION OF THE
MINORITY STOCKHOLDER INTERESTS IN COMBIMATRIX.
Both the recapitalization of our stock and the acquisition of the
remaining minority interests in CombiMatrix are subject to several conditions,
including the approval of our stockholders, approval for listing of both of the
new share classes on the NASDAQ Market and other customary conditions. As a
result, there cannot be any assurance that the recapitalization of our stock or
the acquisition of the minority stockholder interests in CombiMatrix will be
completed. If either event does not occur, we expect to continue to operate
under our current operating structure. This would prevent us from realizing the
possible benefits that the recapitalization and the acquisition would provide to
us.
RISKS RELATING TO COMBIMATRIX
COMBIMATRIX HAS A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND EXPECTS TO INCUR ADDITIONAL LOSSES IN
THE FUTURE.
CombiMatrix has sustained substantial losses since its inception.
CombiMatrix may never become profitable or if it does, it may never be able to
sustain profitability. We expect CombiMatrix to incur significant research and
development, marketing, general and administrative expenses. As a result, we
expect CombiMatrix to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future.
CombiMatrix anticipates significant fixed expenses due in part to its
need to continue to invest in product development. It may be unable to adjust
its expenditures if revenues in a particular period fail to meet its
expectations, which would harm its operating results for that period.
COMBIMATRIX IS IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE DEPLOYING UNPROVEN TECHNOLOGIES WHICH
MAKES EVALUATION OF ITS BUSINESS AND PROSPECTS DIFFICULT AND IT MAY BE FORCED TO
CEASE OPERATIONS IF IT DOES NOT DEVELOP COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTS.
CombiMatrix has not proven its ability to commercialize products. In
order to successfully commercialize any products, it will have to make
significant investments, including investments in research and development and
testing, to demonstrate their technical benefits and cost-effectiveness.
Problems frequently encountered in connection with the commercialization of
products using new and unproven technologies might limit its ability to develop
and commercialize its products. For example, CombiMatrix's products may be found
to be ineffective, unreliable or otherwise unsatisfactory to potential
customers. CombiMatrix may experience unforeseen technical complications in the
processes it uses to develop, manufacture, customize or receive orders for its
products. These complications could materially delay or limit the use of any
products CombiMatrix attempts to commercialize, substantially increase the
anticipated cost of its products or prevent it from implementing its processes
at appropriate quality and scale levels, thereby causing its business to suffer.
COMBIMATRIX MAY NEED TO RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL IN THE FUTURE, AND IF
ADDITIONAL CAPITAL IS NOT AVAILABLE ON ACCEPTABLE TERMS, COMBIMATRIX MAY HAVE TO
CURTAIL OR CEASE OPERATIONS.
CombiMatrix's future capital requirements will be substantial and will
depend on many factors including how quickly it commercializes its products, the
progress and scope of its collaborative and independent research and development
projects, the filing, prosecution, enforcement and defense of patent claims and
the need to obtain regulatory approval for certain products in the United States
or elsewhere. Changes may occur that would cause CombiMatrix's available capital
resources to be consumed significantly sooner than it expects.
28
CombiMatrix may be unable to raise sufficient additional capital on
favorable terms or at all. If it fails to do so, it may have to curtail or cease
operations or enter into agreements requiring it to relinquish rights to certain
technologies, products or markets because it will not have the capital necessary
to exploit them.
IF COMBIMATRIX DOES NOT ENTER INTO SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIPS AND COLLABORATIONS
WITH OTHER COMPANIES, IT MAY NOT BE ABLE TO FULLY DEVELOP ITS TECHNOLOGIES OR
PRODUCTS, AND ITS BUSINESS WOULD BE HARMED.
Since CombiMatrix does not possess all of the resources necessary to
develop and commercialize products that may result from its technologies, it
will need either to grow its sales, marketing and support group or make
appropriate arrangements with strategic partners to market, sell and support its
products. CombiMatrix believes that it will have to enter into strategic
partnerships to develop and commercialize future products. If it does not enter
into adequate agreements, or if its existing arrangements or future agreements
are not successful, its ability to develop and commercialize products will be
impacted negatively, and its revenues will be adversely affected.
The current business of CombiMatrix is substantially dependent on its
existing arrangement with Roche Diagnostics GmbH ("Roche"). CombiMatrix
currently relies upon payments by Roche for a majority of its future revenues
and expends a majority of its resources toward fulfilling its contractual
obligations to Roche. Roche's primary service to CombiMatrix is to distribute
and proliferate its technology platform. If CombiMatrix were to lose its
relationship with Roche, CombiMatrix would be required to establish a
distribution agreement with another partner or distribute its technology
platform itself. This could prove difficult, time-consuming and expensive, and
CombiMatrix may not be successful in achieving this objective.
COMBIMATRIX HAS LIMITED EXPERIENCE COMMERCIALLY MANUFACTURING, MARKETING OR
SELLING ANY OF ITS POTENTIAL PRODUCTS, AND UNLESS IT DEVELOPS THESE
CAPABILITIES, IT MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL.
Even if CombiMatrix is able to develop its products for commercial
release, it has limited experience in manufacturing its products in the volumes
that will be necessary for it to achieve commercial sales and in marketing or
selling its products to potential customers. We cannot assure you that
CombiMatrix will be able to commercially produce its products on a timely basis,
in sufficient quantities or on commercially reasonable terms.
IF COMBIMATRIX'S NEW AND UNPROVEN TECHNOLOGY IS NOT USED BY RESEARCHERS IN THE
PHARMACEUTICAL, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ACADEMIC COMMUNITIES, ITS BUSINESS WILL
SUFFER.
CombiMatrix's products may not gain market acceptance. In that event,
it is unlikely that its business will succeed. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical
companies and academic research centers have historically analyzed genetic
variation and function using a variety of technologies, and many of them have
made significant capital investments in existing technologies. Compared to
existing technologies, CombiMatrix's technologies are new and unproven. In order
to be successful, its products must meet the commercial requirements of the
biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic communities as tools for the
large-scale analysis of genetic variation and function. Market acceptance will
depend on many factors, including:
o the development of a market for its tools for the analysis of
genetic variation and function, the study of proteins and
other purposes;
o the benefits and cost-effectiveness of its products relative
to others available in the market;
o its ability to manufacture products in sufficient quantities
with acceptable quality and reliability and at an acceptable
cost;
o its ability to develop and market additional products and
enhancements to existing products that are responsive to the
changing needs of its customers;
o the willingness and ability of customers to adopt new
technologies requiring capital investments or the reluctance
of customers to change technologies in which they have made a
significant investment; and
o the willingness of customers to transmit test data and permit
CombiMatrix to transmit test results over the Internet, which
will be a necessary component of its product and services
packages unless customers purchase or license its equipment
for use in their own facilities.
29
IF THE MARKET FOR ANALYSIS OF GENOMIC INFORMATION DOES NOT DEVELOP OR IF GENOMIC
INFORMATION IS NOT AVAILABLE TO COMBIMATRIX'S POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS, ITS BUSINESS
WILL NOT SUCCEED.
CombiMatrix is designing its technology primarily for applications in
the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic communities. The usefulness of
CombiMatrix's technology depends in part upon the availability of genomic data.
CombiMatrix is initially focusing on markets for analysis of genetic variation
and function, namely SNP genotyping and gene expression profiling. These markets
are new and emerging, and they may not develop as CombiMatrix anticipates, or at
all. Also, researchers may not seek or be able to convert raw genomic data into
medically valuable information through the analysis of genetic variation and
function. If genomic data is not available for use by CombiMatrix's customers or
if its target markets do not emerge in a timely manner, or at all, demand for
its products will not develop as it expects, and it may never become profitable.
THE EXPANSION OF COMBIMATRIX'S PRODUCT LINES MAY SUBJECT IT TO REGULATION BY THE
UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND FOREIGN REGULATORY AUTHORITIES,
WHICH COULD PREVENT OR DELAY ITS INTRODUCTION OF NEW PRODUCTS.
If CombiMatrix manufactures, markets or sells any products for any
regulated clinical or diagnostic applications, those products will be subject to
extensive governmental regulation as medical devices in the United States by the
FDA and in other countries by corresponding foreign regulatory authorities. The
process of obtaining and maintaining required regulatory clearances and
approvals is lengthy, expensive and uncertain. Products that CombiMatrix
manufactures, markets or sells for research purposes only are not subject to
governmental regulations as medical devices or as analyte specific reagents to
aid in disease diagnosis. We believe that CombiMatrix's success will depend upon
commercial sales of improved versions of products, certain of which cannot be
marketed in the United States and other regulated markets unless and until
CombiMatrix obtains clearance or approval from the FDA and its foreign
counterparts, as the case may be. Delays or failures in receiving these
approvals may limit our ability to benefit from new CombiMatrix products.
AS COMBIMATRIX'S OPERATIONS EXPAND, ITS COSTS TO COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
AND REGULATIONS WILL INCREASE, AND FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THESE LAWS AND
REGULATIONS COULD HARM ITS FINANCIAL RESULTS.
CombiMatrix's operations involve the use, transportation, storage and
disposal of hazardous substances, and as a result it is subject to environmental
and health and safety laws and regulations. As CombiMatrix expands its
operations, its use of hazardous substances will increase and lead to additional
and more stringent requirements. The cost to comply with these and any future
environmental and health and safety regulations could be substantial. In
addition, CombiMatrix's failure to comply with laws and regulations, and any
releases of hazardous substances into the environment or at its disposal sites,
could expose CombiMatrix to substantial liability in the form of fines,
penalties, remediation costs and other damages, or could lead to a curtailment
or shut down of its operations. These types of events, if they occur, would
adversely impact the group's financial results.
COMBIMATRIX'S BUSINESS DEPENDS ON ISSUED AND PENDING PATENTS, AND THE LOSS OF
ANY PATENTS OR THE GROUP'S FAILURE TO SECURE THE ISSUANCE OF PATENTS COVERING
ELEMENTS OF ITS BUSINESS PROCESSES WOULD MATERIALLY HARM ITS BUSINESS AND
FINANCIAL CONDITION.
CombiMatrix's success depends on its ability to protect and exploit its
intellectual property. CombiMatrix currently has two patents issued in the
United States, one patent issued in Europe and more than 42 patent applications
pending in the United Sates, Europe and elsewhere. The patent application
process before the Unites States Patent and Trademark Office and other similar
agencies in other countries is initially confidential in nature. Patents that
are filed outside the United States, however, are published approximately
eighteen months after filing. CombiMatrix cannot determine in a timely manner
whether patent applications covering technology that competes with its
technology have been filed in the United States or other foreign countries or
which, if any, will ultimately issue or be granted as enforceable patents. Some
of CombiMatrix's patent applications may claim compositions, methods or uses
that may also be claimed in patent applications filed by others. In some or all
of these applications, a determination of priority of inventorship may need to
be decided in a proceeding before the United States Patent and Trademark Office
or a foreign regulatory body or a court. If CombiMatrix is unsuccessful in these
proceedings, it could be blocked from further developing, commercializing or
selling products. Regardless of the ultimate outcome, this process is
time-consuming and expensive.
ANY INABILITY TO ADEQUATELY PROTECT COMBIMATRIX'S PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGIES COULD
MATERIALLY HARM COMBIMATRIX'S COMPETITIVE POSITION AND FINANCIAL RESULTS.
If CombiMatrix does not protect its intellectual property adequately,
competitors may be able to use its technologies and erode any competitive
advantage that it may have. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect
30
proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and many
companies have encountered significant problems in protecting their proprietary
rights abroad. These problems can be caused by the absence of rules and methods
for defending intellectual property rights.
The patent positions of companies developing tools for the
biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic communities, including CombiMatrix's
patent position, generally are uncertain and involve complex legal and factual
questions. CombiMatrix will be able to protect its proprietary rights from
unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that its proprietary
technologies are covered by valid and enforceable patents or are effectively
maintained as trade secrets. CombiMatrix's existing patents and any future
issued or granted patents it obtains may not be sufficiently broad in scope to
prevent others from practicing its technologies or from developing competing
products. There also is a risk that others may independently develop similar or
alternative technologies or designs around CombiMatrix's patented technologies.
In addition, others may oppose or invalidate its patents, or its patents may
fail to provide it with any competitive advantage. Enforcing CombiMatrix's
intellectual property rights may be difficult, costly and time-consuming and
ultimately may not be successful.
CombiMatrix also relies upon trade secret protection for its
confidential and proprietary information. While it has taken security measures
to protect its proprietary information, these measures may not provide adequate
protection for its trade secrets or other proprietary information. CombiMatrix
seeks to protect its proprietary information by entering into confidentiality
and invention disclosure and transfer agreements with employees, collaborators
and consultants. Nevertheless, employees, collaborators or consultants may still
disclose its proprietary information, and CombiMatrix may not be able to
meaningfully protect its trade secrets. In addition, others may independently
develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or techniques or
otherwise gain access to its trade secrets.
ANY LITIGATION TO PROTECT COMBIMATRIX'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR ANY THIRD-PARTY
CLAIMS OF INFRINGEMENT COULD DIVERT SUBSTANTIAL TIME AND MONEY FROM
COMBIMATRIX'S BUSINESS AND COULD SHUT DOWN SOME OF ITS OPERATIONS.
CombiMatrix's commercial success depends in part on its
non-infringement of the patents or proprietary rights of third parties. Many
companies developing tools for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries
use litigation aggressively as a strategy to protect and expand the scope of
their intellectual property rights. Accordingly, third parties may assert that
CombiMatrix is employing their proprietary technology without authorization. In
addition, third parties may claim that use of CombiMatrix's technologies
infringes their current or future patents. CombiMatrix could incur substantial
costs and the attention of its management and technical personnel could be
diverted while defending ourselves against any of these claims. CombiMatrix may
incur the same liabilities in enforcing its patents against others. CombiMatrix
has not made any provision in its financial plans for potential intellectual
property related litigation, and it may not be able to pursue litigation as
aggressively as competitors with substantially greater financial resources.
If parties making infringement claims against CombiMatrix are
successful, they may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief,
which effectively could block CombiMatrix's ability to further develop,
commercialize and sell products, and could result in the award of substantial
damages against it. If CombiMatrix is unsuccessful in protecting and expanding
the scope of its intellectual property rights, its competitors may be able to
develop, commercialize and sell products that compete with it using similar
technologies or obtain patents that could effectively block its ability to
further develop, commercialize and sell its products. In the event of a
successful claim of infringement against it, CombiMatrix may be required to pay
substantial damages and either discontinue those aspects of its business
involving the technology upon which it infringed or obtain one or more licenses
from third parties. While CombiMatrix may license additional technology in the
future, it may not be able to obtain these licenses at a reasonable cost, or at
all. In that event, it could encounter delays in product introductions while it
attempts to develop alternative methods or products, which may not be
successful. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any of these licenses
could prevent it from commercializing available products.
RISKS RELATING TO THE ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP
THE V-CHIP TECHNOLOGY PATENT HELD BY SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGIES WILL EXPIRE IN JULY
2003, AND IF THE GROUP DOES NOT DEVELOP OTHER RECURRING SOURCES OF REVENUE, ITS
FINANCIAL CONDITION WILL BE ADVERSELY IMPACTED.
Soundview Technologies, and Acacia Research as a whole, has generated
substantially all of its revenues from licensing the patented V-chip technology
to television manufacturers. Soundview Technologies' patent on the V-chip
technology will expire in July 2003. Soundview Technologies will not be able to
collect royalties for televisions containing V-chip technology sold after the
expiration of that patent, but it may still collect revenues from the sale of
such televisions in the U.S. before that date. Acacia Media Technologies is
31
beginning to market its digital media transmission technology and is developing
other technologies and products. The eventual licensing and sale of these
technologies is intended to replace the revenue currently being generated by
licensing its V-chip technology. If we do not succeed in developing such
technologies or is unable to commercially license its existing and future
technologies, its financial condition will be adversely impacted.
THE ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP FACES INTENSE COMPETITION, AND WE CANNOT
ASSURE YOU THAT IT WILL BE SUCCESSFUL.
We believe that Soundview Technologies' V-chip technology is protected
by enforceable patent rights. Other companies, however, may develop competing
technologies that offer better or less expensive alternatives to those offered
by Soundview Technologies. Many potential competitors, including television
manufacturers, have significantly greater resources.
Although we believe that Acacia Media Technologies has marketing and
licensing rights to enforceable patents and other intellectual property relating
to video and audio on demand, we cannot assure you that other companies will not
develop competing technologies that offer better or less expensive alternatives
to those offered by Acacia Media Technologies. In the event a competing
technology emerges, Acacia Media Technologies would expect substantial
additional competition.
THE MARKETS SERVED BY THE ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP ARE SUBJECT TO RAPID
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND IF THEY ARE UNABLE TO DEVELOP AND INTRODUCE NEW
PRODUCTS, ITS REVENUES COULD STOP GROWING OR COULD DECLINE.
The markets served by the Acacia Media Technologies group frequently
undergo transitions in which products rapidly incorporate new features and
performance standards on an industry-wide basis. Products for communications
applications, as well as for high-speed computing applications, are based on
continually evolving industry standards. A significant portion of our revenues
in recent periods has been, and is expected to continue to be, derived from
sales of products based on existing transmission standards. However, the ability
of the Acacia Media Technologies group to compete in the future will depend on
their ability to identify and ensure compliance with evolving industry
standards.
THE ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP'S SUCCESS IS BASED ON ITS ABILITY TO PROTECT
ITS PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ABILITY TO DEFEND ITSELF AGAINST INFRINGEMENT
CLAIMS.
The success of the Acacia Media Technologies group relies, to varying
degrees, on its proprietary rights and their protection or exclusivity. Although
reasonable efforts will be taken to protect the Acacia Media Technologies
group's proprietary rights, the complexity of international trade secret,
copyright, trademark and patent law, and common law, coupled with limited
resources and the demands of quick delivery of products and services to market,
create risk that these efforts will prove inadequate.
From time to time, the Acacia Media Technologies group may be subject
to third-party claims in the ordinary course of business, including claims of
alleged infringement of proprietary rights. Any such claims may harm the Acacia
Media Technologies group by subjecting it to significant liability for damage
and invalidating its proprietary rights. These types of claims, with or without
merit, could subject the Acacia Media Technologies group to costly litigation
and diversion of its technical and management personnel. The Acacia Media
Technologies group depends largely on the protection of enforceable patent
rights. The Acacia Media Technologies group has applications on file with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office seeking patents on its core technologies and
has patents or rights to patents that have been issued. We cannot assure you
that the pending patent applications of the Acacia Media Technologies group will
be issued, that third parties will not violate, or attempt to invalidate these
intellectual property rights, or that certain aspects of those intellectual
property will not be reverse-engineered by third parties without violating the
patent rights of the Acacia Media Technologies group.
For Acacia Media Technologies and Soundview Technologies, proprietary
rights constitute their only significant assets. The Acacia Media Technologies
group also owns licenses from third parties and it is possible that it could
become subject to infringement actions based upon such licenses. The Acacia
Media Technologies group generally obtains representations as to the origin and
ownership of such licensed content. However, this may not adequately protect the
Acacia Media Technologies group. The Acacia Media Technologies group enters into
confidentiality agreements with third parties and generally limits access to
information relating to its proprietary rights. Despite these precautions, third
parties may be able to gain access to and use the Acacia Media Technologies
group's proprietary rights to develop competing technologies and products with
similar or better features and prices. Any substantial unauthorized use of the
Acacia Media Technologies group's proprietary rights could materially and
adversely affect its business and operational results.
32
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
HIGH-GRADE CORPORATE BONDS, COMMERCIAL PAPER, U.S. GOVERNMENT
SECURITIES AND MONEY MARKET ACCOUNTS. Our exposure to market risk includes
interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level
of United States interest rates, particularly because a significant portion of
our investments are in short-term debt securities issued by United States
corporations and institutional money market funds. The primary objective of our
investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing
the income we receive without significantly increasing risk. To minimize risk,
we maintain a portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in
a variety of investment-grade securities and with a variety of issuers,
including corporate notes, commercial paper and money market funds. Due to the
nature of our short-term investments, we believe that we are not subject to any
material market risk exposure.
MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES. We conduct a portion of our investing
activity through a limited partnership, of which a wholly-owned subsidiary of
ours is the general partner. As a result of the significant control that we
exercise over the limited partnership, the assets and liabilities and results of
operations have been consolidated by us at June 30, 2002. We maintain an
investment portfolio of common stock in several publicly held companies. These
common stock investments are classified as trading securities and are recorded
on the balance sheet at their fair value, with unrealized gains and losses
reported in the consolidated statement of operations. We are exposed to equity
price risk on our portfolio of marketable equity securities. As of June 30,
2002, our total equity holdings in publicly traded companies were valued at
$765,000. We believe that it is reasonably possible that the fair values of
these securities could experience significant fluctuations in the near term.
The following table represents the potential decrease in fair value of
our marketable equity securities as of June 30, 2002 that are sensitive to
changes in the stock market. Fair value deteriorations of minus 50%, 35% and 15%
were selected based on the probability of their occurrence.
Potential decrease to the value of securities given a 50%, 35% and 15%
decrease in each stock's price:
FAIR VALUE AS OF
(50%) (35%) (15%) JUNE 30, 2002
----- ----- ----- -------------
Marketable equity securities $383,000 $268,000 $115,000 $765,000
======== ======== ======== ========
OTHER
We also hold a minority investment in a private company, Advanced Data
Exchange. This investment is included in long-term assets and is carried at
cost. We monitor our long-term minority investments in private companies for
impairment and make appropriate reductions in carrying value when an
other-than-temporary decline in fair value is determined to exist.
33
PART II--OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGIES
On April 5, 2000, Soundview Technologies filed a federal patent
infringement and antitrust lawsuit against Sony Corporation of America, Philips
Electronics North America Corporation, the Consumer Electronics Manufacturers
Association and the Electronics Industries Alliance d/b/a Consumer Electronics
Association in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of
Virginia, alleging that television sets utilizing certain content blocking
technology (commonly known as the "V-chip") and sold in the United States
infringe Soundview Technologies' U.S. Patent No. 4,554,584. The case is now
pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut against Sony
Corporation of America, Inc., Sony Electronics, Inc., the Electronics Industries
Alliance d/b/a Consumer Electronics Association, the Consumer Electronics
Manufacturers Association, Mitsubishi Digital Electronics America, Inc.,
Mitsubishi Electronics America, Inc., Toshiba America Consumer Products, Inc.
and Sharp Electronics Corporation. However, no assurance can be given that
Soundview Technologies will prevail in this action or that the television
manufacturers will be required to pay royalties to Soundview Technologies.
In July 2002, Soundview Technologies executed a confidential license
agreement with Loewe Opta GmbH whereby Soundview Technologies will receive a
payment and grant a non-exclusive license of its V-chip patent. During 2001,
Soundview Technologies entered into separate confidential settlement and/or
license agreements with Hitachi America Ltd., Pioneer Electronics (USA)
Incorporated, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, Inc., Daewoo Electronics
Corporation of America, Sanyo Manufacturing Corporation, Funai Electric Co.,
Ltd., JVC Americas Corporation, Thomson Multimedia, Inc., Orion Electric Co.,
Ltd. and Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. whereby Soundview Technologies
will receive payments and grant non-exclusive licenses of its V-chip patent. In
2000, Soundview Technologies settled its lawsuit with Philips Electronics North
America Corporation.
COMBIMATRIX
On November 28, 2000, Nanogen, Inc. filed a complaint in the United
States District Court for the Southern District of California against
CombiMatrix and Donald D. Montgomery, Ph.D., Senior Vice President, Chief
Technology Officer and a director of CombiMatrix. Dr. Montgomery was employed by
Nanogen as a senior research scientist between May 1994 and August 1995. The
Nanogen complaint alleges, among other things, breach of contract, trade secret
misappropriation and that U.S. Patent No. 6,093,302 and other proprietary
information belonging to CombiMatrix are instead the property of Nanogen. The
complaint seeks, among other things, correction of inventorship on the patent,
the assignment of rights in the patent and pending patent applications to
Nanogen, an injunction preventing disclosure of trade secrets, damages for trade
secret misappropriation and the imposition of a constructive trust. On December
15, 2000, CombiMatrix and Dr. Montgomery filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit,
which was denied in part and granted in part on February 1, 2001. On March 9,
2001, CombiMatrix and Dr. Montgomery filed a counterclaim, alleging breach of
express covenants not to sue or otherwise interfere with Dr. Montgomery arising
out of a release signed by Nanogen in 1996. On April 4, 2001, Nanogen filed a
motion to dismiss the counterclaim, which the court denied in its entirety on
July 27, 2001. On July 31, 2002, the court denied a motion filed by CombiMatrix
for partial summary judgment regarding Donald Montgomery's prior settlement
agreement with Nanogen. Fact discovery is ongoing. CombiMatrix intends to
vigorously defend the lawsuit and pursue the counterclaim. Although we believe
that Nanogen's claims are without merit, we cannot predict the outcome of the
litigation.
ITEM 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
34
PART II--OTHER INFORMATION -- (CONTINUED)
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Acacia held its annual meeting of stockholders (the "Annual Meeting")
on May 14, 2002 in Newport Beach, California.
(i) At the Annual Meeting, the following persons were elected directors
for a three-year term ending in 2005 based on the voting results below:
Name For Withheld
---- --- --------
Thomas B. Akin 14,959,600 2,097,410
Edward W. Frykman 14,865,401 2,191,609
The following persons' terms as directors continued after the Annual
Meeting and end in 2003: Paul R. Ryan and G. Louis Graziadio, III.
The following persons' terms as directors continued after the Annual
Meeting and end in 2004: Fred A. de Boom and Robert L. Harris, II.
(ii) The stockholders ratified an amendment to Acacia's 1996 Stock
Option Plan to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the
plan by 1,000,000 shares. The voting results were as follows:
For Against Abstain Broker Non-Votes
--- ------- ------- ----------------
4,921,635 3,976,916 181,129 7,988,030
(iii) The stockholders also ratified the appointment of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as independent accountants of Acacia for the fiscal
year ending December 31, 2002. The voting results were as follows:
For Against Abstain
--- ------- -------
16,839,019 134,651 83,340
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
On March 20, 2002, our board of directors approved a plan to divide our
common stock into two new classes of common stock: new "Acacia Research
Corporation - CombiMatrix" common stock, intended to reflect the performance of
our CombiMatrix subsidiary and all corporate assets, liabilities and related
transactions of Acacia Research Corporation attributed to the CombiMatrix
business, and new "Acacia Research Corporation - Acacia Technologies" common
stock, intended to reflect the performance of our media technology businesses,
including Soundview Technologies, Acacia Media Technologies and all corporate
assets, liabilities, and related transactions of Acacia Research Corporation
attributed to the media technology businesses. The plan is subject to several
conditions including the approval of our stockholders. If the recapitalization
proposal were approved and the other conditions satisfied, our stockholders
would receive shares of both of the new classes of stock in exchange for
existing shares of Acacia Research Corporation common stock. The new share
classes are intended to be separately listed on the NASDAQ Market under the
symbols "CBMX" and "ACTG," respectively.
Our board of directors and CombiMatrix's board of directors have also
approved an agreement for us to acquire the minority stockholder interests in
CombiMatrix. The proposed acquisition would be accomplished through a merger in
which the minority stockholders of CombiMatrix would receive shares of the new
"Acacia Research Corporation - CombiMatrix" common stock in exchange for their
existing shares. The proposed transaction will be submitted to our stockholders
and the stockholders of CombiMatrix for approval.
The proposed recapitalization and merger are subject to several
conditions, including, but not limited to, receipt of approval of the
stockholders of both companies, as applicable, receipt of satisfactory tax
opinions, approval for listing of each new class of stock on the NASDAQ Market
and other customary conditions. Our stockholders will receive a proxy describing
the terms of the proposals prior to being asked to vote upon and approve the
recapitalization and merger at a special meeting to be held to consider these
matters.
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On May 7, 2002, we filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with the
Securities and Exchange Commission related to the proposed recapitalization and
merger transactions discussed above. We filed amendments to the registration
statement on July 2, 2002 and August 8, 2002.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Exhibits
None.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
On May 10, 2002, Acacia filed a Current Report on Form 8-K to report
financial results for the second quarter of 2002.
On June 11, 2002, Acacia filed a Current Report on Form 8-K to report
that Mr. Paul Ryan had terminated a previously established stock trading plan
under SEC Rule 10b5-1.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
ACACIA RESEARCH CORPORATION
By: /S/ Paul Ryan
---------------------------------------
Paul Ryan
Chief Executive Officer
(Authorized Signatory)
By: /S/ Clayton J. Haynes
---------------------------------------
Clayton J. Haynes
Chief Financial Officer /Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: August 13, 2002
37