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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2000
OR
[_] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 000-25829
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware 77-0369737
(State or Other Jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.)
10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014
(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (408) 572-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to
the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [_]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of
the Registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the Common Stock on April
27, 2000 as reported on the NASDAQ National Market System, was approximately
$3,752,755,000. Shares of Common Stock held by each officer and director and
by each person who owns 10% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been
excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This
determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive
determination for other purposes. As of April 27, 2000, Registrant had
outstanding 160,798,220 shares of Common Stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held on July 26, 2000 is incorporated by reference in Part
III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General Information
This report contains forward-looking statements that are not historical
facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, projections,
beliefs and assumptions about our industry, our company, our business and
prospects. Words such as "anticipates", "expects", "intends", "plans",
"believes", "seeks", "estimates" and variations of these words and similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These
statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain
risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control,
are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially
from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. These
risks and uncertainties include those described in "Risks Associated With
Portal's Business and Future Operating Results"-- "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and elsewhere in
this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these
forward-looking statements, which reflect our management's view only as of the
date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update these statements or
publicly release the results of any revisions to the forward-looking
statements that we may make to reflect events or circumstances after the date
of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
References in this document to "Portal", "we", "our" and "us" refer to
Portal Software, Inc., a Delaware corporation, its predecessors, and each of
its subsidiaries. Portal and Infranet are registered trademarks of Portal and
the Portal logo, Infranet IPT and Real Time No Limits are trademarks of
Portal. Each trademark, trade name or service mark of any other company
appearing in this report belongs to its holder.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Portal develops, markets and supports real-time, scalable customer
management and billing software, or CM&B software, for providers of Internet-
based services. Portal's Infranet software is a comprehensive platform that
meets the complex, mission-critical provisioning, accounting, reporting and
marketing needs of providers of Internet-based services. Portal's Real Time No
Limits Infranet product enables the real-time provisioning and reporting of
services, including such functions as account creation, user authentication
and authorization, activity tracking, pricing and rating, billing and customer
service, including self-service, all on a scale of up to millions of users. In
contrast to solutions that require extensive customization services, Portal's
Infranet platform provides an "out-of-the-box" product that can generally be
used by a wide variety of service providers ranging from emerging small
companies offering an innovative service to a small number of subscribers to
large telecommunications carriers with millions of subscribers. Portal
believes that by providing a platform with an open architecture with fully
documented APIs, Infranet facilitates the development of new services that can
integrate with existing and new software applications and that can be
interoperated with other new or existing services offered by other providers
using Infranet. As of March 31, 2000, more than 200 customers have licensed
Infranet, including US West, Qwest Communications Corp. ("Qwest"), Covad
Communications Company ("Covad"), Inktomi Corp., Juno Online Services ("Juno
Online"), L.P., Deutsche Telekom Online Service GmbH ("T-Online"), France
Telecom SA and Demon Interactive Ltd.
Industry Background
Since 1994, the Internet and the Worldwide Web have grown at an explosive
pace. International Data Corporation, or IDC, estimates that there were over
68 million Web users worldwide at the end of 1997. IDC projects this number to
increase to over 319 million by the end of 2002, implying an annual growth
rate of over 36%. The growth of the Internet is a global phenomenon that is
fundamentally changing the nature of the telecommunications industry. Web user
growth, coupled with the growth of new types of on-line and electronic
commerce, or e-commerce, services, has driven the emergence of new service
providers such as ISPs, on-line
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communities, application service providers ("ASPs"), Internet telephony
providers and many others. In addition, traditional telecommunications
carriers have entered the on-line market, providing Internet connections and
e-commerce services to businesses and consumers.
Providers of Internet-based services are introducing new services and
programs that address the dramatically changing nature of the Internet. These
providers need flexible, powerful CM&B software that is readily adaptable to a
wide range of services and smoothly scales from hundreds to millions of users.
To be most effective, Portal believes that Internet-compatible CM&B software
must be capable of operating in real time, handling high transaction volume,
processing many different types of transactions and tracking multiple flows of
information associated with the usage of various services.
The Internet service environment is dominated by technologies and
interfaces that are fundamentally different from a traditional telephone or
cable network. For example, Internet service providers tend to operate
distributed networks of UNIX or Windows NT-based Web servers, any or all of
which may be servicing a given customer at a given moment. Traditional CM&B
systems were typically designed to interface with and process data from the
equipment and technologies used in telephone and cable television networks
rather than in Internet service environments. Data traffic has many
characteristics that are different from those of traditional voice
transmissions. Existing CM&B systems used by many traditional
telecommunications carriers are not oriented toward "always on", data-oriented
services such as digital subscriber line, Internet telephony and virtual
private networks. Many of these older systems will need to be upgraded or
replaced in order to adapt to the changing environment.
Portal also believes that providers of Internet-based services will
increasingly offer services through or in combination with other providers,
and that the efficiency and success of these "Internet value chains" will
depend in part on the ability of the CM&B systems of these providers to
interoperate and pass information and transactions among the participants. We
believe that CM&B products that are more standard and open will best enable
such interoperability and that Portal's Infranet provides a superior platform
to meet the needs of such Internet value chains.
Traditional CM&B solutions can generally be characterized as (1)
inflexible, (2) capable only of periodic processing or "batch-oriented", (3)
proprietary, (4) centralized and (5) difficult to scale to meet the complex
requirements of providers of Internet-based services. In addition to a general
lack of Internet-based capability, traditional systems were typically designed
to service one particular type and size of service provider--a large,
traditional RBOC-type carrier, for example, or a small competitive cellular
telephone provider. As a result, there is often no smooth migration path; as
the numbers of subscribers and services grow, a "forklift upgrade" to an
entirely different CM&B product is often required. Finally, existing CM&B
solutions are often not able to address one of the most fundamental
requirements facing providers of Internet-based services: minimizing the time
to market for new products and services.
The Portal Software Strategy
Portal's strategy is to establish itself as the CM&B platform of choice for
providers of Internet-based services. Key elements of this strategy are:
Extend Market Leadership Position. Portal's objective is to extend its
position as a leader in the Internet-based CM&B market to establish itself as
the broad platform of choice for providers of Internet-based services. Portal
believes that its products enable each customer to design and deploy new
services, which in turn increase the customer's use of Portal's products and
services and generates additional opportunities for Portal to grow.
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TARGET LEADING PROVIDERS OF ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES WORLDWIDE. The
scalability and flexibility of its Infranet products enables Portal to target
a broad range of providers of Internet-based services. Portal's targeted
customer segments, and some representative existing customers, include:
. on-line service divisions of traditional major telecommunications
providers worldwide, such as France Telecom SA, NTT Soft, T-Online and
US West;
. wireless service divisions of traditional telecommunications providers
worldwide, such as Telenor Mobile and Sonera Corporation;
. on-line and Internet service providers, such as Qwest, UUNET
Technologies, Inc., Viag Interkom, GmbH & Co., Covad, Northpoint
Communications, Inc. and Rhythms NetConnections, Inc.;
. application service providers ("ASPs") offering applications or
information technology infrastructure as a service; and
. companies that use the Internet to provide entirely new types of
communications services, such as Juno Online, Palm.net, delta three.com,
and Frontier Global Center, Inc.
The unique capabilities of Infranet enable Portal to take this portfolio
approach to targeting customers. Portal believes this approach offers the
greatest opportunity for sustained growth, as many of these companies are or
will be the market leaders in their respective industries.
TARGET PROVIDERS OF ADVANCED INTERNET APPLICATIONS. To date, most Internet-
based services have focused on "transportation" aspects of the Internet--
providing businesses and consumers with Internet access, whether by dialup,
DSL, ISDN, cable, satellite, fixed wireless or mobile wireless methods, or
have focused on extending communication services to the Internet, such as
Internet telephony. Portal believes that Internet "applications" will become
increasingly common. Examples of such application that will be offered over
the Internet include online gaming and music. Portal believes that the
capabilities of Infranet are well suited to providing the CM&B foundation for
these emerging services.
BUILD A LONG-TERM, HIGH MARGIN, SOFTWARE-DRIVEN BUSINESS MODEL. Portal's
business model is predicated on the sale of standard software products, rather
than the service-intensive, customer-specific solutions offered by many of its
competitors. The scalability, comprehensive functionality and extensibility of
Infranet, combined with Portal's strategic partnerships, are designed to allow
Portal to achieve and maintain a high margin, software-driven business model
without needing to provide an inordinate degree of consulting and integration
services.
LEVERAGE PARTNERSHIPS AND ALLIANCES WITH SYSTEMS INTEGRATORS, AND WITH
PLATFORM, SOFTWARE AND SERVICES PROVIDERS. Portal has established a series of
partnerships and alliances with systems integrators, such as Andersen
Consulting, Cap Gemini, NTT Soft and PricewaterhouseCoopers and hardware
platform, software and services providers, such as Cisco, Compaq, Hewlett-
Packard, Microsoft, Oracle and Sun Microsystems. These partners and alliances
provide a global extension of Portal's direct sales force and are a
significant source of leads and referrals. This network of partners also
enables Portal to focus on being the CM&B software platform provider while
offering a complete customer solution using third-party components that
perform ancillary functions such as tax or payment processing. In addition,
Portal's systems integrator partners are trained to integrate Infranet with
customers' existing legacy systems. Portal seeks "best of breed" partners in
each particular area, to associate Infranet with market-leading technologies,
products and systems integrators. Portal believes that this partnership
strategy is unique in breadth and scope within its market, provides it with a
competitive advantage and serves as a "force multiplier" which leverages
Portal's own internal capabilities.
GROW WITH CUSTOMERS AND THE INTERNET. While initial sales to customers are
often substantial, Portal's strategy is to maximize its available
opportunities for long-term revenue growth by targeting service providers with
excellent growth prospects and capitalizing on additional sales opportunities
with its customers. Portal's subsequent revenue growth can then occur through
the addition of subscribers, add-on component sales, additional service
revenues and maintenance and support agreements. In turn, Portal intends to
continue to evolve
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and refine its business to track the growth of Internet-based services, so
that as these services proliferate, Portal's revenue growth opportunities will
also increase. Accordingly, Portal typically prices its products on a per-
subscriber basis so that they are more affordable for new, promising service
providers that may in time grow to be leaders in their market segments and
long-term, loyal customers.
Infranet Software Platform
Portal's core product, Infranet, is specifically designed to meet the
complex, mission-critical provisioning, accounting, reporting and marketing
needs of providers of Internet-based services. Portal's Infranet software is a
real-time, scalable platform that enables service providers to address the
critical business needs of customer management, services support and accurate
and timely billing. Portal believes that its trademarked phrase, Real Time No
Limits, accurately describes Infranet as the CM&B solution that provides these
capabilities in real time, while also providing a broad and flexible platform
for both the integration of existing products and services and the rapid
development and deployment of new ones. In fiscal year 2000, Portal introduced
Version 6.0 of Infranet which offers significantly enhanced features and
performance.
Managing the Customer Life Cycle
The process of managing and billing customers involves a series of actions
beginning with account creation through billing and post transaction
reporting. Portal refers to these stages of customer interaction as the
"customer life cycle." Infranet integrates the functionality for each stage of
the customer life cycle with a single, unified customer database and a
coordinated set of features and functions. The database acts as the repository
for all data collected in real time during each stage of the customer life
cycle as follows:
ACCOUNT CREATION AND SERVICE PROVISIONING. Infranet supports a variety of
registration standards and has all of the features necessary to register
subscribers quickly. The Infranet registration process collects the data
needed to provision and bill the subscriber for service, while also allowing
service providers to collect additional subscriber profile information they
may desire. As the data is collected and verified, Infranet creates customer
accounts and activates the selected services in real time.
AUTHENTICATION AND AUTHORIZATION. Infranet authenticates users based on
user name and password, checks account status and authorizes access to
individual services. Infranet can also check for duplicate user names and
available credit or resources, enabling service providers to more effectively
detect and prevent fraud and bad debt.
ACTIVITY TRACKING. By recording all events in real time in its unified
customer database, Infranet gives service providers the ability to build a
detailed picture of individual customer behavior, either currently or
historically. This also provides a complete audit trail of customer usage to
resolve any issues that may subsequently arise.
RATING/PRICING. Infranet offers a powerful and flexible "rating engine",
which enables service providers to create a wide variety of pricing plans for
a broad array of services. Infranet can price any tracked event as it occurs,
so that customers and service representatives have real-time access to account
balances and available credit. Infranet's rating engine supports multiple
resource balances and limits, such as cash balances, free hours of usage,
megabytes of server storage or any other resource defined by the service
provider. The rating of a single event can update any or all existing
balances.
BILLING AND ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE. Infranet's billing and payment system has
been designed for flexibility from the ground up. Billing cycles can be any
multiple of a month and can begin on any day of the month. Because of
Infranet's real-time capability, accounts can be accurately closed at the end
of the billing cycle, irrespective of when the billing process actually takes
place. Infranet also supports multiple currencies and payment in real time,
through interfaces with credit card processing systems such as Paymentech and
ICVerify, or by invoice. A modular payment interface lets customers integrate
additional payment methods and a general ledger interface lets service
providers allocate journal entries using a general ledger code. Infranet
supports both open item and balance forward accounting.
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CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT. Customer service representatives can access customer
data through an intuitive, Windows-based graphical user interface. Infranet
organizes customer information into a variety of standard screens, which can
also be readily customized. Service representatives can:
. create, search and modify customer accounts;
. view activity, balances and invoices;
. perform billing operations; and
. view and modify account hierarchy.
Infranet enables providers to configure permissions and track customer service
activity, ensuring a complete audit trail on each account.
Infranet supplements these capabilities with a browser-based interface that
enables customers to view selected account information directly. This self-
service feature increases customer convenience and can help reduce customer
service costs.
REPORTING. Using the data in the Infranet unified customer database,
service providers can create reports using a powerful, enterprise-wide
reporting infrastructure called Infranet Insite. Insite report templates
provide business intelligence to operations, finance, sales and marketing
personnel. Insite includes a full set of customizable reports, and also
supports new report development.
Business Benefits
Infranet is designed to enable service providers to capture the business
benefits of increased revenues, reduced costs and improved customer service
through its ability to manage the billing and customer management of services.
INCREASED REVENUES. By helping to accelerate the time to market for new
services, Infranet enables service providers to offer a variety of services
quickly and to bundle and price these services in an optimal manner. Infranet
enables services to be activated immediately when ordered by a subscriber, so
that the service provider can immediately begin to collect revenue. Subscriber
activity can then be monitored in real time, which allows the service provider
to promote the consumption of more services through such means as targeted
offers or increased credit limits. In addition, Infranet enables a service
provider to analyze and "mine" subscribers' service usage data in real time,
which can in turn be used to measure the success of marketing and targeting
efforts and to identify new opportunities for subscriber revenue. Using
Infranet's data analysis features, a service provider can quickly determine
which offerings are not successful and easily make appropriate adjustments.
For example, an unsuccessful pricing offer can quickly be terminated or tuned
for better subscriber response. Finally, increased billing accuracy reduces
the incidence of uncollected revenue and fraud.
REDUCED COSTS. Infranet is designed to be an out-of-the-box solution that
works with all relevant Internet standards and minimizes the service
provider's software implementation, maintenance and subscriber servicing
costs. Through the immediate validation of subscriber data and verification of
credit, Infranet reduces the need for data correction and the incidence of
credit problems. In addition, subscribers can access their billing and service
information directly, which reduces the degree of costly person-to-person
service required to satisfy the subscriber. Real-time monitoring and
authentication substantially reduce the opportunities for fraud by ensuring
that access to the service provider's network is granted only if the user has
been properly verified. Infranet's monitoring and data analysis capabilities
can help the service provider pinpoint unprofitable offerings or identify a
degree of usage that justifies volume purchases of specific resources such as
high-speed data circuits at a lower cost.
IMPROVED CUSTOMER SERVICE. Infranet enables service providers to offer
improved billing accuracy, enhanced customer service quality and
responsiveness to their subscribers. Using Infranet, service providers can
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easily tailor their offerings on a bundled or unbundled basis, substantially
increasing customer choice without incurring additional costs. Up-to-the-
minute account balances and status information can be made available to users
on a 24x7 basis, either over the Internet or via customer service
representatives. Potential customer account issues can be identified and
resolved quickly, since there is no need to wait for regular billing cycles to
expose these issues. Infranet's real-time capability enhances responsiveness
to subscribers' needs, which can help reduce subscriber "churn", or turnover.
Infranet Technology
Portal's software architecture consists of the Infranet platform, upon
which CM&B functionality is layered using fully documented open APIs. This
approach, designed from the start to use object-oriented programming
techniques, enables new processes and services to be readily incorporated,
thus allowing an evolving multi-service model to be built without the need to
change the underlying software foundations. Similarly, changes can be made in
the object-based platform without affecting the behavior of the CM&B
functions. Portal designed Infranet to meet the critical functional
requirements sought by service providers. These requirements include
scalability, enterprise integration and interoperability, comprehensive
functionality and ease of use, flexibility and improved time to market--all
operating on a real-time basis.
SCALABILITY AND RELIABILITY. Infranet will run on a wide range of systems,
from a laptop computer running Windows NT to a large cluster of UNIX-based
servers. Infranet has been designed, using object-oriented programming
methodologies, to scale from hundreds to millions of users through the
incremental addition of servers. This capability allows a service provider to
grow its CM&B infrastructure incrementally as its level of business grows
without the need for architecture redesign or large-scale system replacements.
For example, new servers can be added without taking the system offline,
eliminating costly downtime. By running Infranet on multiple servers, a
service provider can reduce exposure to various types of failures, including
individual server failure, power failure and loss of physical facilities. This
level of reliability and redundancy, long present in the traditional telephone
network, is increasingly required in the Internet environment. Automatic load
balancing features smooth out usage spikes and ensure high availability.
Infranet's object-to-relational data model is optimized for high performance
on-line transaction processing and high reliability.
ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION AND INTEROPERABILITY. Infranet has been designed
with fully documented, open APIs that allow Portal, its customers, partners
and third party software developers to integrate Infranet with existing
applications and services requiring minimal effort and programming overhead.
This capability enables new services to be deployed quickly and efficiently
while maintaining smooth interoperability with pre-established services. For
example, a telecommunications carrier might use Infranet to add Internet-
related services which then appear on a subscriber's monthly telephone bill.
Infranet runs on server operating systems from Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft and
Sun Microsystems and utilizes database software from Microsoft and Oracle.
Infranet also can be readily integrated with a variety of packaged software
applications, such as help desk, accounting, taxation and payment systems.
COMPREHENSIVE FUNCTIONALITY AND EASE OF USE. Portal has drawn on its own
experiences to develop a comprehensive suite of pre-defined, ready-to-use CM&B
functions, such as customer registration, business policies, pricing plans and
payment methods. Portal also seeks to provide upgrades and enhancements to
Infranet on a regular basis, with a strong emphasis on response to customer
feedback. Infranet employs a simple, intuitive Windows-based user interface
for efficient addition and deletion of services and functions, as well as a
set of templates for Web-based capabilities such as subscriber registration,
password changes and account balance inquiries. Infranet addresses the entire
customer management and billing life cycle, from account creation to
monitoring and pricing to back-end management and reporting.
FLEXIBILITY AND IMPROVED TIME TO MARKET. Infranet is designed to be a
modular, extensible software product. This flexibility allows each Portal
customer to tailor its individual Infranet installation to meet the exact
needs of a particular environment, set of services and group of subscribers.
The service provider is thereby empowered to respond quickly to the rapidly
changing needs of the Internet marketplace. In addition, Infranet
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can generally be customized to a service provider's needs relatively quickly,
enabling its customers to improve their time to market with new products and
services.
Pricing
Portal has structured the pricing of Infranet to accommodate its target
customer segments, which range from startups to large on-line service
providers with millions of subscribers. Portal typically prices Infranet on a
per subscriber basis, with customary volume discounts for the upfront purchase
of a large number of licenses. Supplemental purchases of additional components
are also priced on a per subscriber basis, while annual maintenance and
support contracts are priced as a percentage of the associated license
revenues. Portal's initial sales of licenses and associated services,
maintenance and support generally range from the low hundreds of thousands to
several million dollars.
Other Product Offerings
Portal offers several capabilities and features as optional additions to
Infranet. Infranet IPT introduced in September 1998 incorporates Infranet's
core functionality to deliver the CM&B features needed by providers of
Internet telephony services, such as real-time architecture, support for a
broad range of services and pricing plans, out-of-the-box gateway integration,
prepaid calling card support, and zone-based rating. Infranet IPT is designed
to optimize resources for each step of the Internet telephony process, such as
setting up calls, monitoring calls in progress, tracking usage and billing
users. Infranet IPT enables account creation, authentication and fraud
prevention, authorization and credit control, activity tracking, pricing and
billing and customer management and reporting.
In fiscal year 2000, Portal introduced its DNA (distributed non-stop
architecture) option for customers requiring high availability and fault
tolerance. Infranet DNA uses remote, limited scope satellite installations of
Infranet to handle user authentication, service authorization, and event
queuing. During normal operation, these satellites are updated in real time
from the main database to allow for real-time operation in the geographically
distributed environments typical to many service providers. In the event the
main database is offline, the satellites allow the provider to maintain
continuous operation so that customers are not denied access to services and
revenue-generating events are not lost.
Other optional additions to Infranet include: Netflow manager, which
integrates Infranet with Cisco NetFlow to provide a solution for flexible
tracking, rating and billing of bandwidth usage; Infranet MultiDB, introduced
in fiscal year 2000, which enables the distribution of accounts across
multiple databases in a single Infranet installation to support very large
subscriber counts; and MCIS Manager which enables real-time billing for
services deployed in Microsoft Commercial Internet System and site server
environments.
Customer Service and Support
Portal believes that a high level of customer service and support is
critical to the successful marketing and sale of Infranet. Portal provides
support to its customers through maintenance and support agreements. Support
includes assistance with technical problems related to the use of Portal's
software and software maintenance and upgrade releases. Portal generally
provides its base level of customer support via an Internet-based customer
management system and higher levels of support via telephone and on-site
technical assistance. Portal provides customer technical support for its
products primarily from its Cupertino, California location and from its
facilities in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. Portal plans to establish
additional customer support sites domestically and internationally
commensurate with customer needs.
Portal also offers project implementation services to assist customers in
the project planning, installation and implementation of the Portal solution.
Portal consulting services are also available for customers requiring
additional software customization, upgrade assistance or other Infranet-
related technical services. Portal professional services consultants are
located in several cities in the United States and various countries outside
8
the United States. Portal has a leveraged business model based on using
systems integrator partners to provide jointly or separately a range of
services, including first-line technical support and project implementation
services, in various locations around the world.
Partnerships
Portal has established a series of partnerships and alliances with systems
integrators such as Andersen Consulting, Cap Gemini, NTT Soft and
PricewaterhouseCoopers and hardware platform, software and services providers
such as Cisco, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, Oracle and Sun
Microsystems. Portal employs this network of partnerships to both expand its
sales, service and marketing capabilities and to extend the technical and
functional application of its solution. Portal's network of partnerships
allows Portal to maintain its focus as a product company while simultaneously
obtaining sales, technical and service leverage through its partners.
There are two types of partners in Portal's "Market Partnership Model":
MARKET PARTNERS. Portal leverages its own sales and marketing efforts by
taking advantage of the marketing and lead generation capabilities of its
market partners. Market partners are specialized technology and services firms
that adapt Portal's products to the needs of a specified market segment. For
example, in the consumer ISP market, iPass, Inc., Microsoft and Software.com,
Inc. provide complementary services and technologies, which are fully
integrated with Infranet through Portal's open APIs. In turn, a set of systems
integrators, such as Andersen Consulting, Cap Gemini, NTT Soft and
PricewaterhouseCoopers, adapts this combination of Infranet and add-on
technologies to the specific environment of each provider of on-line services.
This combination of add-on technology and systems integration allows Portal to
serve as the enabling technology for a complete solution in each of its
markets. This approach also provides a mechanism for Portal to enter new
markets as opportunities develop.
In April 1999, Portal agreed to enter into a strategic alliance with
Andersen Consulting under which Andersen Consulting agreed to provide services
to Portal and the parties will expand their existing marketing alliance and
work closely together to expand their customer service and marketing
relationship. Under this arrangement, Andersen Consulting purchased 760,368
shares of common stock from Portal in a private placement concurrent with
Portal's initial public offering. Upon signing of the definitive agreement in
March 2000, Portal paid Andersen Consulting a services fee of $2.8 million.
PLATFORM PARTNERS AND ALLIANCES. Portal's technology strategy is to focus
exclusively on Infranet to enable real-time, mission-critical, Internet-based
services.
Given this focus, Portal forms partnerships and alliances with hardware
platform providers, such as Cisco, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard and Sun
Microsystems, database software developers such as Microsoft and Oracle, and
software applications developers with best-of-breed products to provide
superior solutions to its customers. By providing its platform partners and
alliances with a fully documented set of open APIs, Portal ensures that
Infranet can interoperate with their products. This allows Portal to partner
with the leading-edge vendors in each area of functionality and provides the
flexibility to adopt new products and technologies rapidly. Portal also seeks
to generate referral sales from its platform partners' sales forces.
In April 1999, Portal entered into a strategic alliance with Cisco under
which Portal and Cisco will jointly develop, market and sell integrated
hardware and software products targeted at providers of Internet-based
services. Under this arrangement, Portal will be Cisco's strategic CM&B
solution provider and Cisco will be Portal's strategic solution provider of
equipment for next generation IP networks. Portal and Cisco have agreed to
cooperate in the development, marketing and sale of these integrated products.
9
Sales and Marketing
Sales
Portal's sales strategy is to pursue targeted accounts both through its
direct sales force and indirectly through its strategic partners. Portal has
to date targeted its sales efforts at medium and large ISPs, on-line service
divisions of traditional telecommunications providers and other providers of
Internet-based services.
Portal maintains direct sales personnel in thirteen states across the
United States, and internationally in Australia, Canada, China, France,
Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain and the United Kingdom.
The direct sales force is organized into individual account teams, which
include both sales representatives and systems engineers. Portal generates
leads from contacts made through marketing partners, seminars and conferences,
which are usually co-sponsored by marketing partners, market research, its Web
site, trade shows, customers and its ongoing public relations program. The
direct sales force is complemented by telemarketing representatives based at
Portal's headquarters in Cupertino, California. Portal qualifies the leads and
assigns an account team to prospective customers. The account team then
initiates the sales process, which generally involves multiple presentations
to information technology and business professionals within the prospective
customer's organization. Portal intends to increase the size of its direct
sales force and establish additional sales offices domestically and
internationally.
Portal complements its direct sales force with a series of partnerships and
alliances with systems integrators such as Andersen Consulting, Cap Gemini,
NTT Soft and PricewaterhouseCoopers, as well as with hardware platform and
software applications developers and service providers such as Cisco, Compaq,
Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft and Sun Microsystems. These partners provide a
global extension of Portal's direct sales force and are a significant source
of leads and referrals. Portal believes these relationships also serve to
validate its technology and facilitate broad market acceptance of Infranet
services. Portal's direct sales force works closely with its indirect
distribution partners. After a partner has introduced Portal's products to a
potential customer, an in-house account team is assigned to complete the sales
process.
Portal has derived, and anticipates continuing to derive, a significant
portion of its revenues from customers that have significant relationships
with Portal's market and platform partners. Many of these partners also work
with competing software companies, and Portal's success will depend on their
willingness and ability to devote sufficient resources and efforts to
marketing Portal's products. Portal's agreements with these parties typically
are in the form of non-exclusive referral fee or reseller agreements that may
be terminated by either party without cause or penalty and with limited
notice. Therefore, there is no guarantee any single party will continue to
market Portal's products. If these relationships fail, Portal will have to
devote substantially more resources to the distribution, sales and marketing,
implementation and support of Infranet. Portal intends to establish additional
indirect channels in the future. However, there can be no assurance that
Portal will be able to establish relationships with additional partners on a
timely basis or at all, or that such relationships will be successful.
Marketing
Portal's marketing programs are targeted at providers of Internet-based
services and are currently focused on creating awareness of, and generating
interest in, Infranet. Portal engages in a variety of marketing activities,
including:
. managing and maintaining its Web site;
. conducting direct mailings and ongoing public relations campaigns;
. conducting seminars;
. creating and placing advertisements; and
. establishing and maintaining close relationships with recognized
industry analysts.
10
Portal is an active participant in technology-related conferences and
demonstrates its products at trade shows targeted at providers of Internet-
based services. Portal also focuses on a range of joint marketing strategies
and programs with its partners in order to leverage their existing strategic
relationships and resources.
Customers
Portal's typical customers are providers of Internet-based services that
benefit from a scalable CM&B software solution. As of March 31, 2000, Portal
had licensed Infranet to more than 200 customers worldwide, including: US
West, Qwest, Covad, Inktomi, Juno Online, T-Online, France Telecom, Demon
Interactive, UUNET and Viag Interkom.
In fiscal year 2000, one customer accounted for 10% of Portal's total
revenues. In fiscal year 1999, no individual customer accounted for 10% or
more of Portal's total revenues. In fiscal year 1998, one customer accounted
for 47% of Portal's total revenues.
Although Portal's customers include both small and large providers of
Internet-based services, a substantial portion of Portal's license and
services revenues in any given quarter has, and is expected to continue to be,
generated from a limited number of customers with large financial commitment
contracts. As a result, if a contract is cancelled or deferred or an
anticipated contract does not materialize, Portal's revenues would be
materially adversely affected.
Research and Development
Portal believes that strong product development capabilities are essential
to its strategy of enhancing its core technology, developing additional
applications incorporating that technology and maintaining the competitiveness
of its product and service offerings. Portal has invested significant time and
resources in creating a structured process for undertaking all product
development. This process involves several functional groups at all levels
within Portal and is designed to provide a framework for defining and
addressing the activities required to bring product concepts and development
projects to market successfully. In addition, Portal has recruited key
engineers and software developers with experience in the CM&B, enterprise,
database and operating system software markets and has complemented these
individuals by hiring senior management with experience in software used by
providers of Internet-based services.
Portal's research and development expenses totaled approximately $26.1
million, $11.3 million and $5.6 million for fiscal year 2000, 1999 and 1998,
respectively. As of April 5, 2000, approximately 221 employees were engaged in
research and development activities.
Competition
Portal competes in markets that are new, intensely competitive, highly
fragmented and rapidly changing. Portal competes on the basis of performance,
scalability, extensibility, ease of integration and price. Portal faces
competition from providers of traditional CM&B software such as Amdocs (which
has recently acquired Solect Technology) and the Kenan Systems division of
Lucent; emerging providers of Internet-specific billing software, such as
Belle Systems and Daleen Technologies, Inc.; and providers of Internet-based
services that develop proprietary systems. Portal also competes with systems
integrators and with internal MIS departments of large telecommunications
carriers. Portal is aware of numerous other major ISPs, software developers
and smaller entrepreneurial companies that are focusing significant resources
on developing and marketing products and services that will compete with
Infranet.
Portal believes it competes favorably in performance, scalability,
extensibility, ease of integration and price, particularly due to Infranet's
ability to run on a wide range of systems, Infranet's ability to integrate
with existing applications, Infranet's comprehensive functionality and ease of
use, and its flexibility. The failure of Portal to develop products that
compete successfully with those of other suppliers in the market would harm
our business.
11
Portal anticipates continued growth and competition in the
telecommunications industry and the entrance of new competitors into the CM&B
software market, and that the market for its products and services will remain
intensely competitive. Many of Portal's current and future competitors have
significantly more personnel and greater financial, technical, marketing and
other resources than Portal.
Intellectual Property
Portal relies upon a combination of patent, copyright, trade secret and
trademark law to protect its intellectual property. Portal currently has two
issued U.S. patents relating to its technology that expire in 2017. While
Portal relies on patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark law to protect
its technology, Portal believes that factors such as the technological and
creative skills of its personnel, new product developments, frequent product
enhancements and reliable product maintenance are more essential to
establishing and maintaining a technology leadership position. There can be no
assurance that others will not develop technologies that are similar or
superior to Portal's technology.
Portal generally enters into confidentiality or license agreements with its
employees, consultants and corporate partners, and generally controls access
to and distribution of its software, documentation and other proprietary
information. Despite Portal's efforts to protect proprietary rights,
unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use its
products or technology or to develop products with the same functionality as
Portal's products. Policing unauthorized use of its products is difficult, and
Portal cannot be certain that the steps it has taken will prevent
misappropriation of its technology, particularly in foreign countries where
the laws may not protect proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the
United States. In addition, certain of Portal's license agreements require it
to place the source code for Infranet into escrow. Such agreements generally
provide that these parties will have a limited, non-exclusive right to use
this code if: (i) there is a bankruptcy proceeding by or against Portal; (ii)
Portal ceases to do business without a successor; or (iii) Portal discontinues
providing maintenance and support.
Substantial litigation regarding intellectual property rights exists in the
software industry. Portal expects that software products may be increasingly
subject to third-party infringement claims as the number of competitors in its
industry segments grows and the functionality of products in different
industry segments overlaps. Some of Portal's competitors in the market for
CM&B software may have filed or may intend to file patent applications
covering aspects of their technology that they may claim Portal's technology
infringes. Portal cannot be certain that any of these competitors will not
make a claim of infringement against it with respect to its products and
technology.
Portal's success and ability to compete are substantially dependent upon
its internally developed technology. However, portions of Infranet incorporate
software developed and maintained by third-party software vendors, such as
operating systems, tools and database vendors. Portal may have to rely on
third-party software vendors and developers to a larger degree in future
products. Although Portal believes it could find other sources for these
products, any significant interruption in the supply of these products could
adversely impact Portal's sales unless and until it can secure another source.
Employees
As of April 5, 2000, Portal had 754 employees, 186 of whom were engaged in
professional service, customer service and support, 240 in sales and
marketing, 221 in engineering, and 107 in finance, administration and
operations. Portal's future performance depends in significant part upon the
continued service of its key technical, sales and senior management personnel,
none of whom is bound by an employment agreement requiring service for any
defined period of time. The loss of the services of one or more of Portal's
key employees could harm its business. Portal's future success also depends on
its continuing ability to attract, train and retain highly qualified
technical, sales and managerial personnel. Competition for such personnel is
intense, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area where Portal is
headquartered, due to the limited number of people available with the
necessary technical skills and understanding of the Internet, and there can be
no assurance that
12
Portal can retain or attract key personnel in the future. None of Portal's
employees are represented by a labor union. Portal has not experienced any
work stoppages and considers its relations with its employees to be good.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Portal leases for its headquarters two buildings of approximately 142,700
and 93,200 square feet, respectively, in Cupertino, California. Portal
occupies these premises under two leases expiring in December 2010. In
connection with its relocation to these two buildings, Portal vacated a 24,455
square foot facility and subleased it for the remainder of the lease term,
which expires in October 2003. In addition to its principal office space in
Cupertino, California, Portal also leases facilities and offices domestically
in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, New
York, New Jersey, Texas and Virginia and internationally in Australia, Canada,
China, Hong Kong, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and the United
Kingdom. These leases are for terms expiring from May 2000 to October 2004.
Portal believes that the facilities it currently leases for its headquarters
are sufficient to meet its needs through the next twelve months. Portal plans
to lease additional space in other locations to support the growth of its
foreign operations and domestic sales and marketing organizations.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Portal is not currently a party to any material legal proceeding.
13
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the executive
officers of Portal as of April 1, 2000:
Name Age Position
---- --- --------
John E. Little.......... 42 Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman
of the Board of Directors
Jack L. Acosta.......... 52 Chief Financial Officer and Vice President,
Finance
Marc Aronson............ 43 Vice President, Engineering
Mitchell L. Gaynor...... 40 Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
David S. Labuda......... 36 Chief Technology Officer
Kevin P. Mosher......... 43 Vice President, Sales
Michael E. Regan........ 44 Vice President, Professional Services
Steven R. Sommer........ 45 Vice President, Marketing and Business
Development
Annette D. Surtees...... 44 Vice President, Human Resources
John E. Little. Mr. Little founded Portal in March 1985 and has been Chief
Executive Officer and a Director since its inception. In addition, Mr. Little
served as President from inception to March 1996 and has served as President
since November 1996. Prior to founding Portal, Mr. Little was an independent
consultant for a number of companies including Knight-Ridder Inc., AT&T Corp.,
Raytheon Company, Dow Jones News Retrieval, a subsidiary of Dow Jones &
Company, Inc., Victor Company of Japan (JVC) and Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Jack L. Acosta. Mr. Acosta has served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice
President, Finance since February 1999. In addition, Mr. Acosta served as
Secretary from February 1999 through April 1999. From July 1996 to January
1999, Mr. Acosta served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer for Sybase, Inc., a database company. From December 1994 until July
1996, Mr. Acosta served as Vice President, Engineering Services, Integration
and Business Management of Sybase. From March 1993 until December 1994, Mr.
Acosta served as President, Chief Operating Officer and a director of Tanon
Manufacturing, Inc., a manufacturing and engineering services company. Prior
to March 1993, Mr. Acosta held various management positions at Ungermann-Bass
Inc., Atari, Inc., Diablo Systems, Inc. and Ford Motor Company.
Marc Aronson. Mr. Aronson joined Portal in August 1998 as Senior Director
of the SETI engineering group. In March 2000, he became Vice President,
Engineering. From July 1997 to August 1998, Mr. Aronson was a Senior
Engineering Director for Adobe Systems Inc., a software company. From
September 1990 to July 1997, Mr. Aronson served as Engineering Director and in
other engineering positions with Adobe.
Mitchell L. Gaynor. Mr. Gaynor joined Portal in April 1999 as General
Counsel and Secretary. From January 1997 to April 1999, Mr. Gaynor served as
Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Sybase. From May 1996 to
January 1997, he served as Vice President and Associate General Counsel of
Sybase and from February 1993 to May 1996, Mr. Gaynor served as Senior
Corporate Counsel of Sybase.
David S. Labuda. Mr. Labuda has served as Chief Technology Officer since he
joined Portal in March 1994. Between March 1994 and March 2000 he also served
as Portal's Vice President, Engineering. From June 1990 to March 1994, Mr.
Labuda was employed by Sun Microsystems, Inc., a network computing company, as
a Director of UNIX Development. From August 1985 to June 1990, Mr. Labuda
worked for Sun Microsystems as a Senior Engineer and Manager, including
managing the software development for the SparcStation 1 and SparcStation 2
projects. Mr. Labuda received the first Sun Presidential Award and holds three
patents from his tenure there.
14
Kevin P. Mosher. Mr. Mosher joined Portal in March 1997 as Vice President,
Sales. From January 1996 to February 1997, Mr. Mosher served as Vice President
of Sales for Software Emancipation, Inc., a software development and testing
company. From May 1995 to November 1995, Mr. Mosher served as Vice President,
National Sales at Watermark Software, Inc., an enterprise software company.
From February 1991 to May 1995, Mr. Mosher served as Regional Vice President
at Interleaf, Inc., a software tool company. From 1985 to 1991, Mr. Mosher
held various senior sales management positions at Oracle Corporation.
Michael E. Regan. Mr. Regan joined Portal in February 1999 as Vice
President, Professional Services. From June 1998 to February 1999, Mr. Regan
served as Vice President, Professional Services for Siebel Systems, Inc., a
supplier of enterprise relationship management systems. From February 1988 to
June 1998, Mr. Regan served as Vice President, Professional Services for
Sybase, Inc.
Steven R. Sommer. Mr. Sommer joined Portal in July 1997 as Vice President,
Marketing and Business Development. From May 1993 to July 1997, Mr. Sommer
served as Vice President, Worldwide Marketing and Enterprise Solutions for
Informix Corporation, an enterprise database company. From February 1990 until
April 1993, Mr. Sommer served as Vice President, Marketing for Cognos, Inc.,
an applications and tools development software company. Prior to February
1990, Mr. Sommer held various other marketing positions at Digital Equipment
Corporation, Scitex America Corp., McKinsey & Company, Inc. and Procter and
Gamble Company.
Annette D. Surtees. Ms. Surtees joined Portal in August 1998 as Vice
President, Human Resources. From February 1998 through July 1998, Ms. Surtees
served as Director of Human Resources for VLSI Technology, Inc., an integrated
circuit design and manufacturing company. From February 1997 to February 1998,
Ms. Surtees was an independent consultant. From May 1988 until February 1997,
Ms. Surtees held various human resources management positions at Seagate
Technology, Inc., a data technology company, most recently as Vice President,
Human Resources for Corporate, U.S. and European Operations.
15
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
Portal Software, Inc. Common Stock, par value $0.001, is traded on the
NASDAQ National Market System under the symbol "PRSF." The price per share
reflected in the table below represents the range of low and high closing sale
prices for Portal's Common Stock as reported in the NASDAQ National Market
System for the quarters indicated. Portal's common stock began publicly
trading on May 6, 1999. All price amounts have been adjusted to reflect the
two-for-one stock split effected on January 19, 2000.
High Low
------- -------
Fiscal 2000:
Quarter ended July 31, 1999............................... $29.969 $13.875
Quarter ended October 30, 1999............................ $36.500 $17.125
Quarter ended January 31, 2000............................ $63.000 $29.313
Portal has never paid cash dividends on its capital stock. Portal currently
intends to retain any earnings for use in its business and does not anticipate
paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The closing sale price of
Portal's Common Stock as reported in the NASDAQ National Market System on
April 27, 2000 was $40.4375. The number of stockholders of record of Portal's
Common Stock as of April 27, 2000 was 920.
During fiscal year 2000, Portal issued unregistered securities to a limited
number of persons as follows (all common stock amounts have been adjusted to
reflect the three-for-one stock split effected in April 1999 and the two-for-
one stock split effected in January 2000):
(a) Portal issued and sold an aggregate of 752,100 shares of its Common
Stock to employees and consultants for an aggregate purchase price of
$275,750.63 pursuant to direct stock issuances and the exercise of options
under its 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan.
(b) In April 1999, the Registrant issued and sold 682,200 shares of
Series A Preferred Stock to an investor upon exercise of a warrant for an
aggregate purchase price of $56,850.
(c) In May 1999, the Registrant issued and sold a total of 6,760,368
shares of Common Stock to Cisco Systems, Inc. and Anderson Consulting LLP
for an aggregate purchase price of $44,089,996.
(d) In May 1999, Imperial Bank purchased 24,972 shares of common stock
upon exercise of a warrant; the exercise price was paid pursuant to a net
exercise provision which reduced the number of shares that would otherwise
have been issued.
(e) In October 1999, Comdisco, Inc. purchased 194,238 shares of common
stock upon exercise of a warrant; the exercise price was paid pursuant to a
net exercise provision which reduced the number of shares that would
otherwise have been issued.
(f) In November 1999, Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P. purchased
255,704 shares of common stock upon exercise of a warrant; the exercise
price was paid pursuant to a net exercise provision which reduced the
number of shares that would otherwise have been issued.
(g) During May and June 1999, Portal issued as a bonus of two shares of
common stock to each of the 418 persons who were employees on May 6, 1999.
None of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting
discounts or commissions, or any public offering, and Portal believes that
each transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(2) thereof, Regulation D promulgated
thereunder or Rule 701 pursuant to compensatory benefit plans and contracts
relating to compensation as provided under such Rule 701. The recipients in
these transactions represented their intention to acquire the securities for
investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any
distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were affixed to the
16
share certificates and instruments issued in such transactions. All recipients
had adequate access, through their relationships with Portal or otherwise, to
information about Portal.
Impact of Year 2000
In late 1999, Portal completed the remediation and testing of its systems
for Year 2000 readiness. As a result of those planning and implementation
efforts, Portal experienced no known significant disruptions in mission
critical information technology and non-information technology systems. Portal
believes those systems successfully responded to the Year 2000 date change.
Portal expensed approximately $345,000 during fiscal year 2000 in connection
with remediating its systems. Portal does not currently anticipate any
additional Year 2000 remediation expenses. Portal also believes its products
successfully responded to the Year 2000 date change. Portal will continue to
monitor its mission critical computer applications and those of its suppliers
and vendors throughout the year 2000 to ensure that any latent Year 2000
matters that may arise are addressed promptly. Despite these efforts, there
can be no assurance that Portal will not experience in the future litigation,
system disruptions or additional expenses related to Year 2000 matters.
17
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table shows selected consolidated financial data for Portal
Software, Inc. ("Portal") for the past five fiscal years. To better understand
the data in the table, investors should also read the "Management's Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the
Consolidated Financial Statements of Portal and the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. The basic and diluted net loss per share and the pro
forma basic and diluted net loss per share computation excludes potential
shares of common stock (options and common stock) subject to repurchase rights
held by Portal, preferred stock and warrants, since their effect would be
antidilutive. Pro forma net loss per share gives effect to the conversion of
the convertible preferred stock (using the if-converted method) from the
original date of issuance. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements for a detailed explanation of the determination of the shares used
to compute basic and diluted net loss per share and pro forma basic and
diluted net loss per share. This table has been restated to reflect the impact
of a two-for-one stock split, which became effective on January 20, 2000. See
Note 6. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be
expected for any future period.
Years Ended January 31,
--------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
------ ------- ------- -------- --------
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Consolidated Statement of
Operations Data:
Revenues:
License fees................... $ -- $ 3,944 $ 6,892 $ 13,536 $ 67,049
Services....................... 1,862 1,101 2,524 13,133 36,000
------ ------- ------- -------- --------
Total revenues................ 1,862 5,045 9,416 26,669 103,049
------ ------- ------- -------- --------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of license fees........... 13 62 970 458 2,596
Cost of services............... 267 518 2,152 9,425 22,808
Research and development....... 517 2,527 5,628 11,252 26,090
Sales and marketing............ 44 2,371 5,436 14,112 43,671
General and administrative..... 1,506 1,821 2,616 6,253 15,349
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................. -- -- -- 2,297 8,235
------ ------- ------- -------- --------
Total costs and expenses...... 2,347 7,299 16,802 43,797 118,749
------ ------- ------- -------- --------
Loss from operations............. (485) (2,254) (7,386) (17,128) (15,700)
Interest income (expense) and
other income (expense), net..... (50) (20) (201) 435 9,696
------ ------- ------- -------- --------
Loss before income taxes......... (535) (2,274) (7,587) (16,693) (6,004)
Provision for income taxes....... -- -- -- (715) (1,616)
------ ------- ------- -------- --------
Net loss......................... $ (535) $(2,274) $(7,587) $(17,408) $ (7,620)
====== ======= ======= ======== ========
Basic and diluted net loss per
share........................... $(0.08) $ (0.09) $ (0.18) $ (0.29) $ (0.06)
====== ======= ======= ======== ========
Shares used in computing basic
and diluted net loss per share.. 6,788 24,864 41,571 59,062 124,816
====== ======= ======= ======== ========
Pro forma basic and diluted net
loss per share (unaudited)...... $ (0.15) $ (0.05)
======== ========
Shares used in computing pro
forma basic and diluted net loss
per share (unaudited)........... 116,167 140,836
======== ========
January 31,
------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
------- ------ ------- ------- --------
(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents.......... $ 328 $1,540 $14,646 $11,809 $ 43,887
Short-term investments and
restricted short-term
investments....................... -- -- -- -- 157,402
Working capital (deficit).......... (1,045) (651) 6,581 (9,150) 178,717
Restricted long-term investments... -- -- -- -- 5,856
Total assets....................... 881 3,527 23,125 32,344 265,529
Long-term obligations, net of
current portion................... 98 447 1,500 2,022 1,525
Stockholders' equity (net capital
deficiency)....................... (651) 112 7,763 (6,551) 208,370
18
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As more fully described below, this Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking
statements include, among others, those statements including the words
"expects", "anticipates", "intends", "believes" and similar language. Portal's
actual results could differ materially from those discussed in this Form 10-K.
Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are
not limited to, the risks discussed below and in the section below entitled
"Risks Associated With Portal's Business and Future Operating Results".
Overview
Portal develops, markets and supports real-time customer management and
billing software, known as CM&B software, for providers of Internet-based
services. Portal was incorporated in California in March 1994 as Portal
Information Network, Inc. In December 1995, Portal Communications Company, a
predecessor company that was founded in 1985, was merged with and into Portal
Information Network, Inc. Portal Communications Company operated a
proprietary, network-based on-line system, provided Internet access and hosted
private label on-line services from its inception until 1996 when these
services were discontinued and the individual customers were sold to Sprint
Corporation. In October 1997, Portal Information Network, Inc. changed its
name to Portal Software, Inc. In April 1999, Portal reincorporated in
Delaware.
In late 1993, Portal began focusing on developing and marketing real-time
CM&B software for the Internet. The first generally available version of the
product, named Infranet, was shipped in May 1996.
Beginning with fiscal 1997, substantially all of Portal's revenues have
come from the license of one product, Infranet, and from related services.
Revenues consist of Infranet license, consulting, training, support and
maintenance fees. License revenues are comprised of perpetual or multiyear
license fees, which are primarily derived from contracts with corporate
customers and resellers. Portal believes that future license revenues will be
generated from three sources:
. license fees from new customers;
. license fees for new products to existing customers; and
. growth in the subscriber base of its existing customers, which will lead
to increased revenue from subscriber-based licenses.
Revenue from license fees is recognized when a formal agreement exists or
purchase order is received, delivery of the product has occurred, no
significant Portal obligations with regard to implementation remain, the fee
is fixed or determinable and collectibility is probable. For electronic
delivery, the software is considered to have been delivered when Portal has
provided the customer with the access codes that allow for immediate
possession of the software. If the fee due from the customer is not fixed or
determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer.
If collectibility is not considered probable, revenue is recognized when the
fee is collected. Revenue from arrangements with customers that are not the
ultimate users, such as resellers, is not recognized until the product is
delivered to the end-user.
Services revenues are primarily comprised of revenues from systems
implementation or other consulting activities, maintenance agreements and
training of customers and partners. Arrangements that include software
services are evaluated to determine whether those services are essential to
the functionality of other elements of the arrangement. When software services
are considered essential, all revenue under the arrangement is recognized
using contract accounting over time based on the percentage of the software
services that have been completed. When software services are not considered
essential, the revenue related to the software services is recognized as the
services are performed. Maintenance agreements provide for technical support
and include the right to unspecified upgrades. Maintenance revenues are
deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the related
agreement, which is typically one year. Customer advances and billed amounts
due from customers in excess of revenues recognized are recorded as deferred
revenue.
19
Portal's cost of license fees includes a royalty payment for third-party
technology included in Infranet. Resellers' commissions are also included in
cost of license fees when Portal is paid directly by a customer for a contract
originated by a systems integrator. Agreements with some of the integrators
require Portal to make a payment equal to a percentage of the license and
maintenance revenues recognized. Portal did not incur any shipping, packaging
or documentation costs, as its product was delivered electronically over the
Internet.
Cost of services consists primarily of headcount-related expenses, costs
related to outside consultants, travel and overhead associated with delivering
consulting and training and providing support to Portal's customers.
Portal has a limited operating history as a software company. Portal
incurred a net loss of $7.6 million for fiscal 1998, $17.4 million for fiscal
1999, and $7.6 million for fiscal 2000. As of January 31, 2000, Portal had an
accumulated deficit of $35.6 million. Portal expects to increase its sales and
marketing, product development and administrative expenses for the foreseeable
future. As a result, Portal will need to generate significant revenues from
licenses of Infranet to achieve and maintain operating profitability.
Portal has generated a substantial portion of its historical Infranet
revenues from approximately 190 customers through January 31, 2000. Portal has
established a series of partnerships with hardware platform, software and
service providers and systems integrators. Portal has derived, and anticipates
that it will continue to derive, a substantial portion of its revenues from
customers that have significant relationships with its market and platform
partners.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the results of operations for Portal
expressed as a percentage of total revenues. These historical results are not
necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.
Years Ended January 31,
-----------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------- ------- -------
Revenues:
License fees............................. 73 % 51 % 65 %
Services................................. 27 49 35
------- ------- -------
Total revenues......................... 100 100 100
------- ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of license fees..................... 10 2 3
Cost of services......................... 23 35 22
Research and development................. 60 42 25
Sales and marketing...................... 58 53 42
General and administrative............... 28 23 15
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation............................ -- 8 8
------- ------- -------
Total costs and expenses............... 179 163 115
------- ------- -------
Loss from operations....................... (79) (63) (15)
Interest income (expense) and other income
(expense), net............................ (2) 1 9
------- ------- -------
Loss before income taxes................... (81) (62) (6)
Provision for income taxes................. -- (3) (1)
------- ------- -------
Net loss................................... (81)% (65)% (7)%
======= ======= =======
20
Years Ended January 31, 1999 and 2000
Revenues
Total revenues were $103.0 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of
approximately $76.4 million or 286% over fiscal 1999. License fees revenues
increased as a percentage of total revenues in fiscal 2000 compared to fiscal
1999 primarily due to increased license sales as a result of the maturation of
the Infranet product and the expansion of Portal's sales and marketing
operations. In October 1999, Portal shipped Infranet 6.0, the most recent
version of Portal's customer management and billing software. One customer
accounted for 10% of total revenue for the year ended January 31, 2000. No
individual customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue for the year
ended January 31, 1999.
Portal's business strategy is to provide CM&B software that will meet the
needs of different Internet service business models. Consequently, because of
the number of different Internet service business models, Portal has received,
and will continue to receive, requests from customers to provide special
features that do not currently exist in its product but that Portal may agree
to provide to the customer in the future. It is Portal's expectation that
certain customers will continue to negotiate and require features that are not
immediately available. Customization of special features may in the future
result in the deferral of revenues until the features are delivered. As in
historical periods, as Infranet matures, Portal expects that fewer orders will
require features not yet available.
License fees totaled $67.0 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of
approximately $53.5 million or 395% over fiscal 1999. The increase in license
fees was primarily due to continued expansion of marketing activities and
growth in Portal's sales force as well as greater demand for and acceptance of
Infranet.
Services revenues were $36.0 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of
approximately $22.9 million or 174% over fiscal 1999. The increase in services
revenues resulted from the increase in support and maintenance service fees
related to Portal's growing customer base and the renewal of maintenance and
support contracts. In addition, increased demand for Portal's consulting and
training services to meet the increasingly complex demands of Portal's
customers contributed to this increase.
The following table shows Portal's revenue by region:
Years Ended January 31,
------------------------- Percent
1999 2000 Change
----------- ------------ -------
(in thousands)
Geographical Revenues:
North America............................. $ 19,531 $ 66,920 243%
Percentage of total revenues.............. 73% 65%
International
Europe.................................... 4,406 28,659 550%
Percentage of total revenues............ 17% 28%
Intercontinental.......................... 2,732 7,470 173%
Percentage of total revenues............ 10% 7%
----------- ------------ ---
Total international................... 7,138 36,129 406%
Percentage of total revenues.......... 27% 35%
----------- ------------ ---
Total revenues........................ $ 26,669 $ 103,049 286%
=========== ============ ===
North American revenues, which are defined by Portal as revenues from the
United States and Canada, were $66.9 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of
approximately $47.4 million or 243%, over fiscal 1999. The increase in North
American revenues was primarily due to continued expansion in North American
marketing activities and growth of Portal's sales force as well as greater
acceptance of Infranet.
21
International revenues for Europe and Intercontinental, which is defined by
Portal as Asia-Pacific, Japan and Latin America, totaled $36.1 million in
fiscal 2000, an increase of approximately $29.0 million or 406% over fiscal
1999. European revenues were $28.7 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of
approximately $24.3 million or 550% over fiscal 1999. Intercontinental
revenues were $7.5 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of approximately $4.7
million or 173% over fiscal 1999. The increase in international revenues was
primarily due to the growth of Portal's direct sales force and increased
marketing efforts worldwide including the establishment of a sales presence in
France, Germany, Spain, Japan and Singapore during fiscal 2000, as well as the
establishment of Portal's European headquarters in the United Kingdom in April
1999.
International revenues represented 35% of total revenues in fiscal 2000,
compared with approximately 27% in fiscal 1999. In fiscal 2000, revenues from
Europe were 28% of total revenues and revenues from Intercontinental were 7%
of total revenues.
Expenses
Cost of License Fees
Cost of license fees consists of resellers' commission payments to systems
integrators and third-party royalty obligations. Cost of license fees was $2.6
million in fiscal 2000, an increase of approximately $2.1 million or 467% over
fiscal 1999. The increase in cost of license fees is primarily due to
increased license revenue and increased resellers' commissions resulting from
Portal expanding its base of systems integrator partners. Gross margin for
license fees was approximately 96% in fiscal 2000 compared to approximately
97% in fiscal 1999. For the years ended January 31, 2000 and 1999, Portal did
not incur any shipping, packaging or documentation costs, as its product was
delivered electronically over the Internet.
Cost of Services
Cost of services primarily consists of maintenance, consulting and training
expenses. Cost of services was $22.8 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of
approximately $13.4 million or 142% over fiscal 1999. The increase in cost of
services is primarily due to an increase in the number of consulting and
technical support personnel necessary to support both the expansion of
Portal's installed base of customers and new implementations. Gross margin for
services was approximately 37% in fiscal 2000 compared to approximately 28% in
fiscal 1999. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to a decrease in
the use of higher cost third-party personnel as a result of the hiring of
additional consulting employees. Portal expects cost of services to increase
substantially in the future as a result of increased demand for services.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and
related costs for Portal's development and certain technical support efforts.
Research and development expenses were $26.1 million in fiscal 2000, an
increase of approximately $14.8 million or 132% over fiscal 1999. The increase
was primarily due to an increase in the number of research and development
personnel necessary to support both expanded functionality of Infranet and
increases in Portal's quality assurance and product publications operations.
Portal currently believes its investment in research and development will
increase substantially in the future as Portal hires additional research and
development employees. Portal has not capitalized any software development
costs to date.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist of personnel and related costs for
Portal's direct sales force, marketing staff and marketing programs, including
trade shows, advertising and costs associated with Portal's recruitment of
new, and maintenance of existing, strategic partnerships. Sales and marketing
expenses were $43.7 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of approximately $29.6
million or 209% over fiscal 1999. The increase was due to a number of factors,
including an increase in the number of sales and marketing personnel, the
opening of new
22
sales offices in the United States, Europe and Asia-Pacific, the establishment
of a European headquarters in the United Kingdom, the costs of increasing
sales capabilities in China and expenses incurred in connection with trade
shows and additional marketing programs. Portal expects that sales and
marketing expenses will increase substantially in the future as Portal hires
additional sales and marketing personnel, increases spending on advertising
and marketing programs and establishes sales offices in additional domestic
and international locations.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and
related costs for general corporate functions, including finance, accounting,
legal, human resources and facilities as well as information system expenses
not allocated to other departments. General and administrative expenses were
$15.3 million in fiscal 2000, an increase of approximately $9.1 million or
145% over fiscal 1999. The increase was primarily due to a higher number of
general and administrative personnel and to additional legal and accounting
costs incurred in connection with business activities. Portal expects that
general and administrative expenses will increase substantially in the future
as Portal hires additional general and administrative personnel and continues
to incur greater legal and accounting costs in connection with expanding
business activities.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation
Portal recorded deferred stock compensation of approximately $16.8 million
in fiscal 1999, representing the difference between the exercise prices of
options granted to acquire certain shares of common stock during fiscal 1999
and the deemed fair value for financial reporting purposes of Portal's common
stock on their respective grant dates. Portal amortized deferred compensation
expense of approximately $2.3 million and $8.2 million during the years ended
January 31, 1999 and 2000. This compensation expense relates to options
awarded to individuals in all operating expense categories. Total deferred
compensation at January 31, 2000 of approximately $6.3 million is being
amortized over the vesting periods of the options, which is generally 4 years,
using a graded vesting method. The amortization of deferred compensation
currently recorded is estimated to be $3.7 million in fiscal 2001, $1.9
million in fiscal 2002 and $0.7 million in fiscal 2003.
Interest Income (Expense) and Other Income (Expense)
Interest income (expense) includes interest and dividend income from cash,
cash equivalents and short-term investments offset by interest on capital
leases. Other income includes a $3.8 million one-time gain upon remeasurement
of the liability related to the put option granted to Andersen Consulting LLC,
which was settled upon the completion of Portal's initial public offering in
May 1999. See Note 4. Interest income (expense) and other income was $9.7
million in fiscal 2000, an increase of approximately $9.3 million or 2,129%
over fiscal 1999. The increase was primarily due to the one-time gain upon
remeasurement of the put option and interest income from the investment of
funds received upon completion of the initial public offering.
Provision for Income Taxes
The $1.6 million income tax provision for fiscal 2000 relates to foreign
withholding taxes on revenue and tax on earnings generated from operations in
certain foreign jurisdictions. Under Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 109 (FAS 109), deferred tax assets and liabilities are
determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of
assets and liabilities and are measured using the tax rates and laws that will
be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. FAS 109 provides
for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets are
more likely than not. Based on the weight of available evidence, Portal has
provided a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets. Management
will continue to evaluate the realizability of the deferred tax assets on a
quarterly basis.
The $0.7 million income tax provision shown for fiscal 1999 is the result
of alternative minimum taxes, foreign withholding taxes on revenue, and tax on
earnings generated from operations in certain foreign jurisdictions.
23
Years Ended January 31, 1998 and 1999
Revenues
Total revenues were $26.7 million in fiscal 1999, an increase of $17.3
million or 183% over fiscal 1998. In fiscal 1999, no individual customer
accounted for 10% or more of total revenues, while one customer, CompuServe,
in fiscal 1998 accounted for 47% of total revenues. In fiscal 1999, Portal's
top ten customers accounted for approximately 37% of total revenues, while in
fiscal 1998, the top ten customers accounted for 83% of total revenues.
License fees declined as a percentage of total revenues in fiscal 1999
compared to fiscal 1998 primarily due to Portal signing several contracts in
fiscal 1999 that could not be recognized under Portal's revenue recognition
policy. The license fees on these contracts were deferred because features
promised to the customer were not yet available as the functionality required
by these customers was in the process of being developed, or the license fees
were bundled with services considered essential to the functionality of the
software being delivered. The percentage decline was also due to increased
demand for Portal's services.
License fees totaled $13.5 million in fiscal 1999, an increase of $6.6
million or 96% over fiscal 1998. The increase in license fees was primarily
due to expanded marketing activities, growth in Portal's sales force and
greater demand for and the acceptance of Infranet.
Services revenues were $13.1 million in fiscal 1999, an increase of $10.6
million or 420% over fiscal 1998. The increase in services revenues resulted,
in part, from the increase in support and maintenance service fees related to
Portal's growing installed base, both in terms of directly supported sites as
well as additional users, and the renewal of maintenance contracts. The
increase also resulted from the timing of services revenue recognition, which
typically begins prior to the recognition of license fees, particularly in the
case of large customers that require integration with legacy systems. In
addition, the increase in services revenues resulted from increased demand for
Portal's consulting, maintenance and training services to meet the
increasingly complex demands of Portal's customers.
The following table shows Portal's revenue by region:
Years Ended
January 31,
--------------- Percent
1998 1999 Change
------ ------- -------
(in thousands)
Geographical Revenues:
North America....................................... $7,955 $19,531 146%
Percentage of total revenues........................ 85% 73%
International
Europe.............................................. 1,072 4,406 311%
Percentage of total revenues...................... 11% 17%
Intercontinental.................................... 389 2,732 602%
Percentage of total revenues...................... 4% 10%
------ ------- ---
Total international............................. 1,461 7,138 389%
Percentage of total revenues.................... 15% 27%
------ ------- ---
Total revenues.................................. $9,416 $26,669 183%
====== ======= ===
North American revenues, which are defined by Portal as revenues from the
United States and Canada, were $19.5 million in fiscal 1999, an increase of
$11.6 million or 146%, over fiscal 1998. The increase in North American
revenues was primarily due to expanded marketing activities, greater
acceptance of Infranet and growth in Portal's sales force in the North
American market.
24
International revenues for Europe and Intercontinental, which are defined
by Portal as Asia-Pacific, Japan and Latin America, totaled $7.1 million in
fiscal 1999, an increase of $5.7 million or 389% over fiscal 1998. European
revenues were $4.4 million in fiscal 1999, an increase of $3.3 million or 311%
over fiscal 1998. Intercontinental revenues were $2.7 million in fiscal 1999,
an increase of $2.3 million or 602% over fiscal 1998. The increase in
international revenues was primarily due to growth in Portal's direct sales
force and increased marketing efforts worldwide and the opening of an
international sales office in Hong Kong.
International revenues represented 27% of total revenues in fiscal 1999,
compared with 15% in fiscal 1998. In fiscal 1999, revenues from Europe were
17% of total revenues and revenues from Intercontinental were 10% of total
revenues.
Expenses
Cost of License Fees
Cost of license fees consists of resellers' commission payments to systems
integrators and third-party royalty obligations. Cost of license fees was $0.5
million in fiscal 1999, a decrease of $0.5 million or 53% from fiscal 1998.
Gross margin for license fees was approximately 97% in fiscal 1999 compared to
approximately 86% in fiscal 1998. The increase in gross margin and the
decrease in cost of license fees were primarily due to a substantial reseller
commission paid to a systems integrator in fiscal 1998. Portal did not incur
any shipping, packaging or documentation costs, as its product was delivered
electronically over the Internet.
Cost of Services
Cost of services primarily consists of maintenance, consulting, and
training expenses. Cost of services was $9.4 million in fiscal 1999, an
increase of $7.3 million or 338% over fiscal 1998. The increase was primarily
due to an increase in the number of consulting and technical support personnel
necessary to support both the expansion of Portal's installed base of
customers and new implementations. Gross margin for services was approximately
28% in fiscal 1999 compared to approximately 15% in fiscal 1998. The increase
in gross margin for services was due primarily to increased availability and
utilization of service personnel.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and
related costs for Portal's development and certain technical support efforts.
Research and development expenses were $11.3 million in fiscal 1999, an
increase of $5.6 million or 100% over fiscal 1998. The increase was primarily
due to an increase in the number of research and development personnel
necessary to support both expanded functionality of Infranet and increases in
Portal's quality assurance, technical support and technical publications
operations.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist of personnel and related costs for
Portal's direct sales force, marketing staff and marketing programs, including
trade shows, advertising and costs associated with Portal's recruitment of new
and maintenance of existing strategic partnerships. Sales and marketing
expenses were $14.1 million in fiscal 1999, an increase of $8.7 million or
160% over fiscal 1998. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the
number of sales and marketing personnel, the opening of new sales offices in
the United States and Hong Kong, the costs of establishing sales capabilities
in China and expenses incurred in connection with trade shows and additional
marketing programs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and
related costs for general corporate functions, including finance, accounting,
legal, human resources and facilities and information system expenses not
allocated to other departments. General and administrative expenses were $6.3
million in fiscal 1999, an
25
increase of $3.6 million or 139% over fiscal 1998. The increase was primarily
due to an increase in the number of general and administrative personnel and
to increased legal and accounting costs incurred in connection with business
activities.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments (including restricted
investments) totaled $201.3 million at January 31, 2000, compared to a balance
of $11.8 million at January 31, 1999.
Portal generated $3.4 million in cash from operations in the year ended
January 31, 2000, an increase of $6.7 million over the $3.3 million used in
the year ended January 31, 1999. Net cash from operations in fiscal 2000 was
primarily comprised of a $7.6 million loss, a $14.1 million increase in
accounts receivable and a $1.6 million increase in prepaids and other current
assets. This was offset by a $9.5 million increase in deferred revenue and a
combined increase in accounts payable and accrued compensation of $11.0
million. Also, amortization of deferred stock compensation, which is included
in the results of operations, but does not require the use of cash, amounted
to $8.2 million for the year ended January 31, 2000 compared to $2.3 million
for the year ended January 31, 1999.
Portal has continued to make significant investments in equipment. During
the year ended January 31, 2000, Portal purchased computer servers,
workstations, networking equipment and other capital equipment amounting to
approximately $15.2 million, primarily to further expand its product
capability, and increase its internal network communication, product
demonstration and service capability. Of this amount, $0.3 million was funded
from Portal's equipment lease line facility.
Portal has raised equity capital from outside investors to fund its
operations. In fiscal 1998, Portal raised approximately $15.0 million from the
sale of preferred stock and raised an additional $0.1 million from sales of
common stock, primarily upon exercise of stock options by employees. In fiscal
1999, Portal raised $0.4 million from the exercise of warrants for preferred
stock issued in connection with its capital lease line facility and its term
loan, and raised an additional $0.4 million from sales of common stock,
primarily upon exercise of stock options by employees. In the year ended
January 31, 2000, Portal completed an initial public offering and concurrent
private sales of stock to Cisco Systems, Inc. and Andersen Consulting LLC that
collectively raised $102.4 million. Portal also completed a follow-on offering
in October 1999, which raised approximately $106.0 million, net of
underwriting commissions and estimated expenses. During the same period,
Portal raised an additional $6.6 million from sales of common stock issued
from Portal's employee stock purchase plan and upon the exercise of stock
options by employees and warrants by third parties, net of repurchases.
Historically, Portal has also used debt and leases to partially finance its
operations and capital purchases. Portal has a $3.0 million capital lease line
facility with an equipment lessor, which it established in fiscal 1998. The
lease line has a term of 48 months and bears interest at a rate of 8.5% per
annum. Separately, during the year ended January 31, 2000, Portal repaid an
outstanding $3.0 million term loan with a finance company. The term loan was
collateralized by substantially all of Portal's assets, with the exception of
new equipment purchased using funds provided by the capital lease line
facility. On April 15, 1999, Portal entered into a line of credit with a bank
under which Portal may borrow up to $5.0 million. Amounts borrowed under this
line of credit bear interest at a rate of the bank's prime rate plus 0.5% and
mature on April 13, 2000. Portal had borrowed $1.0 million under the line of
credit, which it used to repay the remaining $1.0 million installment of the
term loan, which matured in April 1999. The outstanding balance on the line of
credit was repaid in May 1999 from the proceeds of Portal's initial public
offering. Portal also converted a customer deposit for prepaid services into a
$1.1 million short-term liability in fiscal 1999. This liability bore interest
at a rate of 10% per annum and was repaid in July 1999.
The capital lease line facility comprised the entire amount of the debt
obligations on Portal's balance sheet as of January 31, 2000. The capital
lease line facility includes certain covenants requiring minimum liquidity,
tangible net worth and profitability over time and becomes due immediately if
Portal fails to meet these covenants. Portal is currently, and has always
been, in compliance with these covenants.
26
On April 12, 1999, Portal agreed to enter into a strategic alliance with
Andersen Consulting LLC under which Andersen Consulting LLC agreed to provide
services to Portal and the parties will expand their existing marketing
alliance and work closely together to expand their customer service and
marketing relationship. Under this agreement, Portal agreed to pay Andersen
Consulting LLC for its services a minimum services fee in cash of $2.8 million
and a cash settled put for 400,000 of the shares which were purchased by
Andersen Consulting LLC in a private placement concurrent with Portal's
initial public offering. This put guaranteed a closing value of $6.0 million
at the end of the first day of trading. Because the closing value exceeded
$6.0 million, Portal was not required to make any payment related to this put.
The definitive agreement was entered into, and the $2.8 million payment was
made, in March 2000. The resulting intangible will be amortized over a period
of approximately four and one half years, the term of the alliance, beginning
in April 2000.
In the normal course of business, Portal enters into leases for new or
expanded facilities in both domestic and international locations. During
fiscal 2000, Portal entered into two leases for its worldwide headquarters
that expire in December 2010. In connection with these leases, Portal issued
two letters of credit totaling $5,250,000 in lieu of a security deposit for
the facilities. See Note 5. In connection with all leases, Portal will make
payments of approximately $9.6 million, $9.0 million, $9.2 million, $8.3
million, and $8.5 million in the years ending January 31, 2001, 2002, 2003,
2004 and 2005, respectively, and a total of $54.5 million thereafter until
expiration of the leases.
Portal's capital requirements depend on numerous factors, including market
acceptance of Portal's products, the resources Portal devotes to developing,
marketing, selling and supporting its products, the timing and extent of
establishing international operations, and other factors. Portal expects to
devote substantial capital resources to hire and expand its sales, support,
marketing and product development organizations, to expand marketing programs,
to establish additional facilities worldwide and for other general corporate
activities. Although Portal believes that its current cash balances and cash
generated from operations will be sufficient to fund its operations for at
least the next 12 months, Portal may require additional financing within this
time frame. Additional funding, if needed, may not be available on terms
acceptable to Portal, or at all.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued FAS
133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("FAS
133"). FAS 133 establishes methods for derivative financial instruments and
hedging activities related to those instruments, as well as other hedging
activities. In June 1999, the FASB delayed implementation of FAS 133, so that
implementation is now required for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000.
As Portal does not currently engage in hedging activities, Portal expects that
the adoption of FAS 133 will not have a material impact on its financial
position or results of operations. Due to the delayed effective date, Portal
will be required to implement FAS 133 for fiscal 2002.
In December 1998, the AICPA issued SOP 98-9, "Modification of SOP 97-2,
Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions" ("SOP 98-
9"). SOP 98-9 amends SOP 97-2 and SOP 98-4 to extend the deferral of the
application of certain provisions of SOP 97-2 amended by SOP 98-4 through
fiscal years beginning on or before March 15, 1999. All other provisions of
SOP 98-9 are effective for transactions entered into in fiscal years beginning
after March 15, 1999. Portal does not expect the final adoption of SOP 98-9 to
have a material impact on its future revenues or results of operations.
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements" ("SAB 101"). SAB 101 summarizes certain of the SEC staff's views
in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition.
Portal believes that its revenue recognition policies are compliant with SAB
101.
27
Risks Associated With Portal's Business and Future Operating Results
Portal's future operating results may vary substantially from period to
period. The price of our common stock will fluctuate in the future, and an
investment in our common stock is subject to a variety of risks, including but
not limited to the specific risks identified below. Inevitably, some investors
in our securities will experience gains while others will experience losses
depending on the prices at which they purchase and sell securities.
Prospective and existing investors are strongly urged to carefully consider
the various cautionary statements and risks set forth in this report.
This report contains forward-looking statements that are not historical
facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections
about our business and industry, our beliefs and assumptions. Words such as
"anticipates", "expects", "intends", "plans", "believes", "seeks", "estimates"
and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future
performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of
which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual
results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the
forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include those
described in this "Risks Associated With Portal's Business and Future
Operating Results" and elsewhere in this report. Forward-looking statements
that were true at the time made may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking
statements, which reflect our management's view only as of the date of this
report. We undertake no obligation to update these statements or publicly
release the results of any revisions to the forward-looking statements that we
may make to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or
to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
It is difficult to predict our business because we have a limited history
operating as a provider of CM&B software
The results of operations for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2000
contained in this report are not necessarily indicative of results for fiscal
year ending January 31, 2001 or any other future period. Moreover, Portal has
a relatively brief operating history as a provider of CM&B software and had no
meaningful license revenue until 1996. Therefore, Portal will experience the
risks and difficulties frequently encountered by early stage companies in new
and rapidly evolving markets, including those discussed in this report. Our
business strategy may not prove successful, and we may not successfully
address these risks.
We have not achieved sustained profitability
In order to be profitable, we must increase our revenues. We may not be
able to increase or even maintain our revenues, and we may not achieve
sufficient revenues or profitability in any future period. We incurred net
losses of approximately $7.6 million for fiscal year 2000, $17.4 million for
fiscal year 1999, $7.6 million for fiscal year 1998 and $2.3 million for
fiscal year 1997. We had a slight net profit in the fourth quarter of fiscal
year 2000. We did not achieve operating profitability in fiscal year 2000.
In addition, we expect to significantly increase our sales and marketing,
product development and administrative expenses. As a result, we will need to
generate significant revenues from sales of Infranet to achieve and maintain
profitability. We expect that we will face increased competition that may make
it more difficult to increase our revenues. Even if we are able to increase
revenues, we may experience price competition which would lower our gross
margins and our profitability. Another factor that will lower our gross
margins is any increase in the percentage of our revenues that is derived from
indirect channels and from services, both of which have lower margins. If we
do achieve operating profitability, we cannot be certain that we can sustain
or increase operating and net profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
28
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate in future periods and we may
fail to meet expectations
Our revenues and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to
quarter due to a number of factors. In future quarters, our operating results
may be below one or more of the expectations of public market analysts and
investors, and the price of our common stock may fall. Failure by technology
companies to meet or exceed analyst expectations or any resulting changes in
analyst recommendations or ratings frequently results in substantial decreases
in the market value of the stock of such companies. Factors that could cause
quarterly fluctuations include:
. variations in demand for our products and services;
. the timing and execution of individual contracts, particularly large
contracts that would materially affect our operating results in a given
quarter;
. the timing of sales of our products and services;
. our ability to develop and attain market acceptance of enhancements to
Infranet and new products and services;
. delays in introducing new products and services;
. new product introductions by competitors;
. changes in our pricing policies or the pricing policies of our
competitors;
. announcements of new versions of products that cause customers to
postpone purchases of Portal's current products;
. the mix of products and services sold;
. the mix of sales channels through which our products and services are
sold;
. the mix of domestic and international sales;
. costs related to acquisitions of technologies or businesses;
. the timing of releases of new versions of third-party software and
hardware products that work with our products;
. our ability to attract, integrate, train, retain and motivate a
substantial number of sales and marketing, research and development,
technical support and other management personnel;
. our ability to expand our operations;
. the amount and timing of expenditures related to expansion of our
operations; and
. global economic conditions generally, as well as those specific to ISPs
and other providers of Internet-based services.
We have difficulty predicting the volume and timing of orders. For example,
substantially all of our future revenues will come from licenses of Infranet
and related services, and the market for this product is in its early stages
of development and is therefore unpredictable. In any given quarter, our sales
have involved, and we expect will continue to involve, large financial
commitments from a relatively small number of customers. As a result, the
cancellation or deferral of even a small number of licenses of Infranet would
reduce our revenues, which would adversely affect our quarterly financial
performance. Also, we have often booked a large amount of our sales in the
last month of the quarter and often in the last week of that month.
Accordingly, delays in the closing of sales near the end of a quarter could
cause quarterly revenue to fall substantially short of anticipated levels.
Significant sales may also occur earlier than expected, which could cause
operating results for later quarters to compare unfavorably with operating
results from earlier quarters.
We may also experience seasonality in our business. In many software
companies, rate of growth of license fees revenues tends to decline between
the fourth quarter of one year and the first quarter of the next year, due in
29
part to the structure of sales compensation plans. If we experience such
seasonality in the future, our rate of growth or absolute revenues could
decline in the first quarter of a fiscal year compared to the preceding fourth
quarter. In addition, the European operations of many companies experience
some flatness in the summer months. Such seasonality may cause our results of
operations to fluctuate or become more difficult to predict.
We record as deferred revenue fees from contracts that do not meet our
revenue recognition policy requirements. While a portion of our revenues each
quarter is recognized from deferred revenue, our quarterly performance will
depend primarily upon entering into new contracts to generate revenues for
that quarter. New contracts that we enter into may not result in revenue in
the quarter in which the contract was signed, and we may not be able to
predict accurately when revenues from these contracts will be recognized.
We plan to significantly increase our operating expenses to expand our
sales and marketing operations, broaden our customer support capabilities,
develop new distribution channels and fund greater levels of research and
development. We determine our operating expenses largely on the basis of
anticipated revenue trends and a high percentage of our expenses are fixed in
the short term. As a result, a delay in generating or recognizing revenue
could cause significant variations in our operating results from quarter-to-
quarter and could result in substantial operating losses.
It is difficult to predict the timing of individual orders because Infranet
has a long and variable sales cycle
To date, the sales cycle for Infranet generally has been three to nine
months or more. The long sales and implementation cycles for Infranet may
cause license revenues and operating results to vary significantly from period
to period. Along with systems integrators and our other distribution partners,
we spend significant time educating and providing information to our
prospective customers regarding the use and benefits of Infranet. Even after
purchase, our customers tend to deploy Infranet slowly and deliberately,
depending on the specific technical capabilities of the customer, the size of
the deployment, the complexity of the customer's network environment, and the
quantity of hardware and the degree of hardware configuration necessary to
deploy Infranet.
Our business depends on the commercial acceptance of Infranet, and it is
uncertain to what extent the market will accept this product
Our future growth depends on the commercial success of Infranet.
Substantially all of our licensing revenues are derived from Infranet. Our
business will be harmed if our target customers do not adopt and purchase
Infranet. The market for Internet-based CM&B software is in its early stages
of development. Our future financial performance will also depend on the
successful development, introduction and customer acceptance of new and
enhanced versions of Infranet. We are not certain that our target customers
will widely adopt and deploy Infranet as their CM&B solution. In the future we
may not be successful in marketing Infranet or any new or enhanced products or
services. Our future revenues will also depend on our customers licensing
software for additional applicants or for additional subscribers. Their
failure to do so could harm our business.
Significant technical challenges arise in our business because many of our
customers purchase and implement Infranet in phases, deploy Infranet across a
variety of computer hardware platforms and integrate it with a number of
legacy systems, third-party software applications and programming tools.
Implementation frequently involves participation by our professional services
group, which has limited resources. Some customers may also require us to
develop costly customized features or capabilities, which increase our costs
and consume our limited customer service and support resources. Also, revenues
we derive from our services business have a significantly lower margin than
revenues derived from licensing Infranet. If new or existing customers have
difficulty deploying our products or require significant amounts of our
professional services support, our operating margins could be harmed.
We must hire and retain qualified sales personnel to sell Infranet
Our financial success and our ability to increase revenues in the future
depend considerably upon the growth and productivity of our direct sales force
that has historically generated a majority of Portal's license revenues.
30
This productivity and growth will depend to a large degree on our success in
recruiting, training and retaining additional direct salespeople. There is a
shortage of direct sales personnel with the skills and expertise necessary to
sell our products. Our business will be harmed if we fail to hire or retain
qualified sales personnel, or if newly hired salespeople fail to develop the
necessary sales skills or develop these skills more slowly than we anticipate.
In addition, because we currently rely on indirect sales for a significant
portion of our market opportunities, we may miss sales opportunities that are
available through other sales distribution methods and other sources of leads,
such as domestic and foreign resellers. In the future, we intend to augment
our indirect sales distribution methods through additional third-party
distribution arrangement. However, there is no guarantee that we will
successfully augment these arrangements or that the expansion of indirect
sales distribution methods will increase revenues. We may be at a serious
competitive disadvantage if we fail to enhance these indirect sales channels.
We also use systems integrators and other strategic relationships to
implement and sell Infranet
We have entered into relationships with third-party systems integrators, as
well as with hardware platform and software applications developers and
service providers. We have derived, and anticipate that we will continue to
derive, a significant portion of our revenues from customers that have
significant relationships with our market and platform partners. We could lose
sales opportunities if we fail to work effectively with these parties or fail
to grow our base of market and platform partners.
Many of these partners also work with competing software companies, and our
success will depend on their willingness and ability to devote sufficient
resources and efforts to marketing our products versus the products of others.
We may not be able to enter into additional, or maintain our existing,
strategic relationships on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Our
agreements with these parties typically are in the form of nonexclusive
referral fee or reseller agreements that may be terminated by either party
without cause or penalty and with limited notice. Therefore, there is no
guarantee that any single party will continue to market our products. If these
relationships fail, we will have to devote substantially more resources to the
distribution, sales and marketing, implementation and support of Infranet than
we would otherwise, and our efforts may not be as effective as those of our
partners, either of which would harm our business.
Our quarterly revenue is generated from a limited number of customers and our
customer base is concentrated and the loss of one or more of our customers
could cause our business to suffer
A substantial portion of our license and services revenues in any given
quarter has been, and is expected to continue to be, generated from a limited
number of customers with large financial commitments. For example, two
customers accounted for a total of 27% of total revenues for the quarter ended
October 31, 1999 and one customer accounted for 10% of total revenue during
the year ended January 31, 2000. As a result, if a large contract is cancelled
or deferred or an anticipated contract does not materialize, our business
would be harmed. We have initially targeted large ISPs, including on-line
divisions of telecommunications carriers and other providers of Internet-based
services, including the wireless divisions of telecommunications carriers.
Some of the industries we have targeted are consolidating, which could reduce
the number of potential customers available to us.
Our business will suffer dramatically if we fail to successfully manage our
growth
Our ability to successfully offer Infranet and new products and services in
a rapidly evolving market requires an effective planning and management
process. We continue to increase the scope of our operations domestically and
internationally and have grown our headcount substantially. Our business will
suffer dramatically if we fail to effectively manage this growth. On April 5,
2000, we had 754 employees, compared to a total of 242 employees on January
31, 1999. We expect to continue to hire new employees at a rapid pace. This
growth has placed, and our anticipated future operations will continue to
place, a significant strain on our management systems and resources and on our
internal training capabilities. We expect that we will need to continue to
improve our financial and managerial controls and reporting systems and
procedures, and will need to continue to expand, train and manage our work
force worldwide. Although we have recently occupied one
31
new building for our headquarters in Cupertino, California and have entered
into a lease for another adjacent building, we expect that we will also have
to continue to expand our facilities in California and other locations, and we
may face difficulties and significant expenses identifying and moving into
suitable office space.
Our significant international operations and our planned expansion of our
international operations make us much more susceptible to risks from
international operations
For the year ended January 31, 2000 and the year ended January 31, 1999, we
derived approximately 35% and 27% of our revenue, respectively, from sales
outside North America. As a result, we face risks from doing business on an
international basis, including, among others:
. reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
. licenses, tariffs and other trade barriers;
. difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
. longer sales and payment cycles;
. greater difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
. political and economic instability;
. seasonal reductions in business activity;
. potentially adverse tax consequences;
. compliance with a wide variety of complex foreign laws and treaties; and
. variance and unexpected changes in local laws and regulations.
We currently have offices in a number of foreign locations including
Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia,
Singapore, Spain and the United Kingdom and plan to establish additional
facilities in other parts of the world. The expansion of our existing
international operations and entry into additional international markets will
require significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be
certain that our investments in establishing facilities in other countries
will produce desired levels of revenue. In addition, we have sold Infranet
internationally for only a few years and we have limited experience in
developing localized versions of Infranet and marketing and distributing them
internationally.
Further, our international revenues are currently denominated in U.S.
dollars. Therefore, a strengthening of the dollar versus other currencies
could make our products less competitive in foreign markets or collection of
receivables more difficult. We do not currently engage in currency hedging
activities.
To the extent that we are unable to successfully manage expansion of our
business into international markets due to any of the foregoing factors, our
business could be adversely affected.
Our proprietary rights may be inadequately protected, and there is a risk of
infringement
Our success and ability to compete depend substantially upon our internally
developed technology, which we protect through a combination of patent,
copyright, trade secret and trademark law. Despite our efforts to protect our
proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise
obtain and use our products or technology or to develop products with the same
functionality as our products. Policing unauthorized use of our products is
difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent
misappropriation of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where
the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United
States. Others may develop technologies that are similar or superior to our
technology. Moreover, as the number of competitors in our industry segments
grow and the functionality of products in different industry segments
overlaps, we expect that our software products may in the future become
subject to third-party infringement claims. Some of our competitors in the
market for CM&B software may have filed or may intend
32
to file patent applications covering aspects of their technology upon which
they may claim our technology infringes. Any litigation, brought by us or by
others, could be time-consuming and costly and could divert the attention of
our technical and management personnel. In addition, litigation could cause
product shipment delays or require us to develop non-infringing technology or
enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such royalty or licensing
agreements, if required, may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all,
and could have a material and adverse impact on our gross margins and
profitability. If a successful claim of product infringement were made against
us, our business could be significantly harmed.
Our business will suffer if our software contains significant errors or our
product development is delayed
We face possible claims and higher costs as a result of the complexity of
our products and the potential for undetected errors. Due to the "mission
critical" nature of Infranet, undetected errors are of particular concern.
Complex software, such as ours, always contains undetected errors. The
implementation of Infranet, which we accomplish through our services division
and with our partners, typically involves working with sophisticated software,
computing and communications systems. If we experience difficulties with an
implementation or do not meet project milestones in a timely manner, we could
be obligated to devote more customer support, engineering and other resources
to a particular project and to provide these services at reduced or no cost.
If our software contains significant undetected errors or we fail to meet our
customers' expectations or project milestones in a timely manner we could
experience:
. loss of or delay in revenues and loss of market share;
. loss of customers;
. failure to achieve market acceptance;
. diversion of development resources;
. injury to our reputation;
. increased service and warranty costs;
. legal actions by customers against us; and
. increased insurance costs.
Our licenses with customers generally contain provisions designed to limit
our exposure to potential product liability claims, such as disclaimers of
warranties and limitations on liability for special, consequential and
incidental damages. In addition, our license agreements generally cap the
amounts recoverable for damages to the amounts paid by the licensee to us for
the product or service-giving rise to the damages. However, these contractual
limitations on liability may not be enforceable, particularly if the damages
relate to a Year 2000 problem, and we may be subject to claims based on errors
in our software or mistakes in performing our services including claims
relating to damages to our customers' internal systems. A product liability
claim, whether or not successful, could harm our business by increasing our
costs, damaging our reputation and distracting our management.
Despite investigation and testing by us and our partners, Infranet and the
underlying systems and protocols running it may contain previously undetected
errors or defects associated with Year 2000 or other date functions. Several
customers, despite warnings regarding the use of non-Year 2000 certified
versions of Infranet, have continued to use non-certified versions, and
decline to upgrade to certified versions or implement maintenance fixes or bug
releases made available to them. Portal integrates certain third party
software into Infranet. These third party vendors may detect errors in their
products after previously indicating that their products are Year 2000
compliant. Such revelations by our partners, have occurred in the past and may
occur in the future; and these revelations have and could cause us to make
changes in our products in response.
33
In the past we have failed to release certain new products and upgrades on
time.
Future delays may result in:
. customer dissatisfaction;
. cancellation of orders and license agreements;
. negative publicity;
. loss of revenues;
. slower market acceptance; or
. legal action by customers against us.
Our business may be harmed if we are unable to develop, license or acquire new
products or enhancements to Infranet on a timely and cost-effective basis, or
if the market does not accept these products or enhancements.
We incorporate software licensed from third parties into Infranet and any
significant interruption in the availability of these third-party software
products or defects in these products could harm our business in the short-
term
Portions of Infranet incorporate software developed and maintained by
third-party software vendors, such as operating systems, tools and database
vendors. We expect that we may have to incorporate software from third party
vendors and developers to a larger degree in our future products. Any
significant interruption in the availability of these third-party software
products or defects in these products or future products could harm our sales
unless and until we can secure another source. We may not be able to replace
the functionality provided by the third-party software currently offered with
our products if that software becomes obsolete, defective or incompatible with
future versions of our products or is not adequately maintained or updated.
The absence of, or any significant delay in, the replacement of that
functionality could result in delayed or lost sales and increased costs and
could harm our business in the short-term.
Our future success will depend on our ability to manage technological change
The market for CM&B software and services and Internet applications is
characterized by:
. rapid technological change;
. frequent new product introductions;
. changes in customer requirements; and
. evolving industry standards.
Future versions of hardware and software platforms embodying new technologies
and the emergence of new industry standards could render our products
obsolete. Our future success will depend upon our ability to develop and
introduce a variety of new products and product enhancements to address the
increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers.
Infranet is designed to work on a variety of hardware and software
platforms used by our customers. However, Infranet may not operate correctly
on evolving versions of hardware and software platforms, programming
languages, database environments, accounting and other systems that our
customers use. We must constantly modify and improve our products to keep pace
with changes made to these platforms and to back-office applications and other
Internet-related applications. This may result in uncertainty relating to the
timing and nature of new product announcements, introductions or
modifications, which may harm our business. If we fail to modify or improve
our products in response to evolving industry standards, our products could
rapidly become obsolete, which would harm our business.
34
The markets in which we sell our product are highly competitive and we may
not be able to compete effectively
We compete in markets that are new, intensely competitive, highly
fragmented and rapidly changing. We face competition from providers of
traditional CM&B software such as Amdocs (which has recently acquired Solect
Technology) and the Kenan Systems division of Lucent; emerging providers of
Internet-specific billing software, such as Belle Systems and Daleen
Technologies, Inc.; and providers of Internet-based services that develop
proprietary systems. We also compete with systems integrators and with
internal MIS departments of larger telecommunications carriers. We are aware
of numerous other major ISPs, software developers and smaller entrepreneurial
companies that are focusing significant resources on developing and marketing
products and services that will compete with Infranet. We anticipate continued
growth and competition in the on-line services and telecommunications
industries and the entrance of new competitors into the CM&B software market,
and that the market for our products and services will remain intensely
competitive. We expect that competition will increase in the near term and
that our primary long-term competitors may have not yet entered the market.
Many of our current and future competitors have significantly more personnel
and greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do.
Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging
technologies and changes in customer requirements than we can. Also, current
and potential competitors have greater name recognition and more extensive
customer bases that they can use to compete more effectively. Increased
competition could result in price reductions, fewer customer orders, reduced
gross margins and loss of market share, any of which could harm our business.
Our business substantially depends upon the continued growth of the Internet
and Internet-based services
We sell Infranet to organizations providing Internet-based services.
Consequently, our future revenues and profits, if any, substantially depend
upon the continued acceptance and use of the Internet as an effective medium
of commerce and communication. Rapid growth in the use of the Internet and on-
line services is a recent phenomenon and it may not continue. As a result, a
broad base of regular Internet users may not develop, and the market may not
accept recently introduced services and products that rely upon the Internet,
such as Infranet.
Future regulation of the Internet may slow its growth, resulting in decreased
demand for our products and services and increased costs of doing business
Due to the increasing popularity and use of the Internet, it is possible
that state and federal regulators could adopt laws and regulations that may
impose additional burdens on those companies conducting business on-line. The
growth and development of the market for Internet-based services may prompt
calls for more stringent consumer protection laws or for imposition of
additional taxes. The adoption of any additional laws or regulations may
decrease the expansion of the Internet or impose additional burdens on those
companies conducting business on-line. A decline in the growth of the Internet
could decrease demand for our products and services and increase our cost of
doing business, or otherwise harm our business. Moreover, the applicability to
the Internet of existing laws in various jurisdictions governing issues such
as property ownership, sales tax, libel and personal privacy is uncertain and
may take years to resolve. Our costs could increase and our growth could be
harmed by any new legislation or regulation, the application of laws and
regulations from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently apply to our
business, or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet
and other on-line services.
Our future success depends on our ability to attract and retain additional
personnel, particularly qualified sales persons
We intend to hire a significant number of additional sales, support,
marketing, administrative and research and development personnel in fiscal
year 2001 and beyond. Competition for these individuals is intense, and we may
not be able to attract, assimilate or retain highly qualified personnel in the
future. Our business cannot
35
continue to grow if we cannot attract qualified personnel. We currently have a
small customer service and support organization and will need to increase our
staff to support new customers and the expanding needs of our existing
customers. Hiring qualified customer service and support personnel, as well as
sales, marketing, administrative and research and development personnel, is
very competitive in our industry, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area,
where Portal is headquartered, due to the limited number of people available
with the necessary technical skills and understanding of the Internet. We may
experience greater difficulty attracting these personnel with equity
incentives as a public company than we did as a privately held company. Our
future success also depends upon the continued service of our executive
officers and other key sales, marketing and support personnel in general, and
on the services of John E. Little, our President and Chief Executive Officer,
and David S. Labuda, our Chief Technology Officer, in particular. None of our
officers or key employees is bound by an employment agreement for any specific
term. Our relationships with these officers and key employees are at will.
Acquisitions of companies or technologies may result in disruptions to our
business and management due to difficulties in assimilating personnel and
operations
Although we have not done so in the past, we may make acquisitions or
investments in other companies, products or technologies in the future. If we
make any acquisitions, we will be required to assimilate the operations,
products and personnel of the acquired businesses and train, retain and
motivate key personnel from the acquired businesses. We may be unable to
maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies if we fail in
these efforts. Similarly, acquisitions may cause disruptions in our operations
and divert management's attention from day-to-day operations, which could
impair our relationships with our current employees, customers and strategic
partners. The issuance of equity securities for any acquisition could be
substantially dilutive to our stockholders. In addition, our profitability may
suffer because of acquisition-related costs or amortization costs for acquired
goodwill and other intangible assets.
The price of our common stock has been, and will be volatile
The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past and will
fluctuate in the future. This future fluctuation could be a result of a number
of factors, many of which are outside our control. Some of these factors
include:
. quarter-to-quarter variations in our operating results;
. failure to meet the expectations of industry analysts;
. changes in earnings estimates by analysts;
. announcements and technological innovations or new products by us or our
competitors;
. increased price competition;
. developments or disputes concerning intellectual property rights; and
. general conditions in the Internet industry.
In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume
fluctuations, which have particularly affected the market prices of many
Internet and computer software companies, including ours, and which have often
been unrelated to the operating performance of these companies or our company.
Decreases in the trading prices of stocks of technology companies are often
precipitous. For example, the price of Portal's stock dropped rapidly during
the first quarter of fiscal year 2001.
36
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The following discussion about Portal's risk management activities includes
"forward-looking statements" that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual
results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking
statements for the reasons described under the caption "Management's
Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations--
Risks Associated With Portal's Business And Future Operating Results."
Short-Term Investment Portfolio
We do not hold derivative financial instruments in our short-term
investment portfolio. Our short-term investments consist of instruments that
meet high quality standards consistent with our investment policy. This policy
dictates that we diversify our holdings and limit our short-term investments
to a maximum of $5 million to any one issuer. Our policy also dictates that
all short-term investments mature in 24 months or less.
The following summarizes Portal's short-term investments and the related
weighted average yields, as of January 31, 2000 (in thousands, except interest
rates):
Years Ending January 31,
-----------------------------
2001 2002 Thereafter Total
-------- ------- ---------- --------
Cash Equivalents.................... $ 32,317 $ -- -- $ 32,317
Weighted Average Yield............ 4.73% -- -- 4.73%
Investments......................... 90,748 66,654 -- 157,402
Weighted Average Yield............ 5.91% 6.45% -- 6.13%
-------- ------- --- --------
Total Portfolio..................... $123,065 $66,654 -- $189,719
Weighted Average Yield............ 5.60% 6.45% -- 5.90%
Impact of Foreign Currency Rate Changes
During fiscal year 2000, most local currencies of our international
subsidiaries weakened against the U.S. dollar. Because we translate foreign
currencies into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes, currency fluctuations can
have an impact, though generally immaterial, on our results. Portal believes
that its exposure to currency exchange fluctuation risk has been insignificant
primarily due to the denomination of our sales transactions in U.S. dollars.
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2000, there was an immaterial currency
exchange impact from our intercompany transactions. As of January 31, 2000, we
did not engage in foreign currency hedging activities.
As a global concern, Portal anticipates that its sales outside the United
States will increasingly be denominated in other currencies. In such event,
Portal will face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange
rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and
could have a material adverse impact on Portal's financial position and
results of operations. In order to reduce the effect of foreign currency
fluctuations, Portal may hedge its exposure on certain transactional balances
that are denominated in foreign currencies through the use of foreign currency
forward exchange contracts. The success of such activity will depend upon the
estimation of future transactions denominated in various currencies. To the
extent that these estimates are overstated or understated during periods of
currency volatility, Portal could experience unanticipated currency gains or
losses.
37
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following financial statements are filed as part of this report
Page
----
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors..................... 39
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 1999 and 2000........... 40
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended
January 31, 2000..................................................... 41
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Net Capital
Deficiency) for the three years ended January 31, 2000............... 42
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three years ended
January 31, 2000..................................................... 43
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................ 44
38
REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Portal Software, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Portal
Software, Inc. as of January 31, 1999 and 2000, and the related consolidated
statements of operations, stockholders' equity (net capital deficiency), and
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2000.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the management of Portal
Software, Inc. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used
and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Portal
Software, Inc. at January 31, 1999 and 2000, and the consolidated results of
its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended January 31, 2000, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Palo Alto, California
February 16, 2000, except for paragraph 4 of Note 4, as to which the date is
March 13, 2000
39
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value)
January 31,
------------------
1999 2000
-------- --------
ASSETS
------
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................ $ 11,809 $ 43,887
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts of $940 and $1,187 at January 31, 1999 and
2000, respectively...................................... 14,474 28,546
Short-term investments................................... -- 152,090
Restricted short-term investments........................ -- 5,312
Prepaids and other current assets........................ 1,440 4,516
-------- --------
Total current assets................................... 27,723 234,351
Property and equipment, net................................ 4,417 18,785
Restricted long-term investments........................... -- 5,856
Other assets............................................... 204 6,537
-------- --------
$ 32,344 $265,529
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(NET CAPITAL DEFICIENCY)
------------------------------------
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable......................................... $ 2,567 $ 7,655
Accrued compensation..................................... 1,147 9,060
Other accrued liabilities................................ 5,214 5,282
Current portion of long-term debt........................ 4,122 --
Current portion of capital lease obligations............. 479 780
Deferred revenue......................................... 23,344 32,857
-------- --------
Total current liabilities.............................. 36,873 55,634
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations............. 2,022 1,525
Commitments
Stockholders' equity (net capital deficiency):
Convertible preferred stock, no par value, issuable in
series:
29,700 shares authorized and 57,304 shares issued and
outstanding at January 31, 1999; 5,000 shares
authorized, $0.001 par value, none issued and
outstanding at January 31, 2000......................... 18,482 --
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 250,000 shares authorized
at January 31, 2000; 78,367 and 158,927 shares issued
and outstanding at January 31, 1999 and January 31,
2000, respectively...................................... 927 159
Additional paid-in capital............................... 16,753 251,047
Accumulated other comprehensive loss..................... -- (639)
Notes receivable from stockholders....................... (318) (259)
Deferred stock compensation.............................. (14,456) (6,379)
Accumulated deficit...................................... (27,939) (35,559)
-------- --------
Stockholders' equity (net capital deficiency).......... (6,551) 208,370
-------- --------
$ 32,344 $265,529
======== ========
See accompanying notes.
40
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Years Ended January 31,
---------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------- -------- --------
Revenues:
License fees................................... $ 6,892 $ 13,536 $ 67,049
Services....................................... 2,524 13,133 36,000
------- -------- --------
Total revenues............................... 9,416 26,669 103,049
------- -------- --------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of license fees........................... 970 458 2,596
Cost of services............................... 2,152 9,425 22,808
Research and development....................... 5,628 11,252 26,090
Sales and marketing............................ 5,436 14,112 43,671
General and administrative..................... 2,616 6,253 15,349
Amortization of deferred stock compensation.... -- 2,297 8,235
------- -------- --------
Total costs and expenses..................... 16,802 43,797 118,749
------- -------- --------
Loss from operations............................. (7,386) (17,128) (15,700)
Interest income and other income (expense), net.. 39 540 6,268
Gain on sale of investment....................... -- 311 --
One-time gain upon expiration of unexercised put
option on common stock.......................... -- -- 3,810
Interest expense................................. (240) (416) (382)
------- -------- --------
Loss before income taxes......................... (7,587) (16,693) (6,004)
Provision for income taxes....................... -- (715) (1,616)
------- -------- --------
Net loss......................................... $(7,587) $(17,408) $ (7,620)
======= ======== ========
Basic and diluted net loss per share............. $ (0.18) $ (0.29) $ (0.06)
======= ======== ========
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net
loss per share.................................. 41,571 59,062 124,816
======= ======== ========
See accompanying notes.
41
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (NET CAPITAL DEFICIENCY)
(in thousands, except share amounts)
Convertible Accumulated Notes
Preferred Stock Common Stock Additional Other Receivable Deferred
--------------------- ------------------- Paid-In Comprehensive from Stock Accumulated
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Income (Loss) Stockholders Compensation Deficit
----------- -------- ----------- ------ ---------- ------------- ------------ ------------ -----------
Balances at
January 31,
1997............ 36,423,180 $ 3,035 59,330,232 $ 41 $ -- $ -- $ (20) $ -- $ (2,944)
Total
comprehensive
loss............ (7,587)
Payment received
on notes
receivable...... -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 -- --
Issuance of
Series A
preferred stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ 200,100 17 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of
Series B
preferred stock
net of issuance
costs of $39.... 19,999,998 14,961 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
options, net of
repurchases..... -- -- 16,595,340 136 -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of
Series B
preferred stock
warrants in
connection with
long-term debt.. -- 104 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----------- -------- ----------- ----- -------- ----- ----- -------- --------
Balances at
January 31,
1998............ 56,623,278 18,117 75,925,572 177 -- -- -- -- (10,531)
Total
comprehensive
loss............ (17,408)
Issuance of
Series A
preferred stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ 209,100 17 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of
Series B
preferred
stock........... 471,996 348 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
stock options,
net of
repurchases..... -- -- 2,403,792 749 -- -- (318) -- --
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
warrants -- -- 37,722 1 -- -- -- -- --
Deferred stock
compensation.... -- -- -- -- 16,753 -- -- (16,753) --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,297 --
----------- -------- ----------- ----- -------- ----- ----- -------- --------
Balances at
January 31,
1999............ 57,304,374 18,482 78,367,086 927 16,753 -- (318) (14,456) (27,939)
Comprehensive
income (loss):
Net unrealized
loss on
investments..... (704)
Translation
adjustment and
other........... 65
Net loss........ (7,620)
Total
comprehensive
loss............
Issuance of
Series A
preferred stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ 682,200 58 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Conversion of
preferred stock
to common stock
upon completion
of initial
public
offering........ (57,986,574) (18,540) 57,986,574 29 18,511 -- -- -- --
Issuance of
common stock in
initial public
offering and
private
placement, net
of issuance
costs........... -- -- 15,961,198 8 102,360 -- -- -- --
Reincorporation
to Delaware..... -- -- -- (888) 888 -- -- -- --
Issuance of
common stock in
secondary public
offering, net of
issuance costs.. -- -- 5,900,000 3 105,959 -- -- -- --
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
stock options,
net of
repurchases..... -- -- (408,618) -- 3,258 -- 59 -- --
Issuance of
common stock for
cash............ -- -- 145,914 -- 118 -- -- -- --
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ -- -- 474,944 -- 146 -- -- -- --
Issuance of
common stock
pursuant to
Employee Stock
Purchase Plan... -- -- 499,402 -- 2,976 -- -- -- --
Impact of Stock
split........... -- -- -- 80 (80) -- -- -- --
Deferred stock
compensation.... -- -- -- -- 158 -- -- (158) --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8,235 --
Balances at
January 31,
2000............ -- $ -- 158,926,500 $ 159 $251,047 $(639) $(259) $( 6,379) $(35,559)
=========== ======== =========== ===== ======== ===== ===== ======== ========
Total
Stockholders'
Equity (Net
Capital
Deficiency)
-------------
Balances at
January 31,
1997............ $ 112
Total
comprehensive
loss............ (7,587)
Payment received
on notes
receivable...... 20
Issuance of
Series A
preferred stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ 17
Issuance of
Series B
preferred stock
net of issuance
costs of $39.... 14,961
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
options, net of
repurchases..... 136
Issuance of
Series B
preferred stock
warrants in
connection with
long-term debt.. 104
-------------
Balances at
January 31,
1998............ 7,763
Total
comprehensive
loss............ (17,408)
Issuance of
Series A
preferred stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ 17
Issuance of
Series B
preferred
stock........... 348
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
stock options,
net of
repurchases..... 431
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
warrants 1
Deferred stock
compensation.... --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.... 2,297
-------------
Balances at
January 31,
1999............ (6,551)
Comprehensive
income (loss):
Net unrealized
loss on
investments..... (704)
Translation
adjustment and
other........... 65
Net loss........ (7,620)
-------------
Total
comprehensive
loss............ (8,259)
-------------
Issuance of
Series A
preferred stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ 58
Conversion of
preferred stock
to common stock
upon completion
of initial
public
offering........ --
Issuance of
common stock in
initial public
offering and
private
placement, net
of issuance
costs........... 102,368
Reincorporation
to Delaware..... --
Issuance of
common stock in
secondary public
offering, net of
issuance costs.. 105,962
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
stock options,
net of
repurchases..... 3,317
Issuance of
common stock for
cash............ 118
Issuance of
common stock
upon exercise of
warrants........ 146
Issuance of
common stock
pursuant to
Employee Stock
Purchase Plan... 2,976
Impact of Stock
split........... --
Deferred stock
compensation.... --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.... 8,235
Balances at
January 31,
2000............ $208,370
=============
See accompanying notes.
42
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Years Ended January 31,
----------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------- -------- ---------
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss......................................... $(7,587) $(17,408) $ (7,620)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization.................. 525 940 1,939
Amortization of deferred stock compensation.... -- 2,297 8,235
Remeasurement gain related to put option....... -- -- (3,810)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net...................... (4,966) (8,777) (14,072)
Prepaids and other current assets............. (52) (1,340) (1,585)
Other assets.................................. (39) (59) (285)
Accounts payable.............................. 1,222 1,025 3,088
Accrued compensation.......................... 569 244 7,913
Other accrued liabilities..................... 232 4,138 80
Deferred revenue.............................. 7,421 15,625 9,513
------- -------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities................................. (2,675) (3,315) 3,396
------- -------- ---------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of short-term investments.............. -- -- (201,433)
Maturity of short-term investments............... -- -- 42,851
Purchases of long-term investments............... -- -- (5,948)
Maturity of long-term investments................ -- -- 68
Purchases of property and equipment.............. (1,855) -- (15,186)
Equity investments in private companies.......... -- -- (2,000)
------- -------- ---------
Net cash used in investing activities....... (1,855) -- (181,648)
------- -------- ---------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Payment received on stockholder notes
receivable...................................... 20 -- --
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt......... 3,000 -- --
Repayment of long-term debt...................... (498) -- (4,122)
Proceeds from line of credit..................... -- -- 1,000
Repayment of line of credit...................... -- -- (1,000)
Principal payments under capital lease
obligations..................................... -- (319) (544)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of
repurchases and issuance cost................... 136 432 214,952
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock........ 14,978 365 --
------- -------- ---------
Net cash from financing activities.......... 17,636 478 210,286
------- -------- ---------
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash
equivalents..................................... -- -- 44
------- -------- ---------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents..................................... 13,106 (2,837) 32,078
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year... 1,540 14,646 11,809
------- -------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year......... $14,646 $ 11,809 $ 43,887
======= ======== =========
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow
information:
Cash paid during the year for interest......... $ 43 $ 361 $ 366
======= ======== =========
Income taxes paid.............................. $ -- $ 215 $ 553
======= ======== =========
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash financing
activity:
Issuance of Series B preferred stock warrants
in connection with long-term debt............. $ 104 $ -- $ --
======= ======== =========
Issuance of debt upon conversion of customer
deposit included in deferred revenue.......... $ -- $ 1,122 $ --
======= ======== =========
Equipment acquired under capital lease
obligations................................... $ -- $ 2,820 $ 337
======= ======== =========
Deferred stock compensation related to options
granted....................................... $ -- $ 16,753 $ 158
======= ======== =========
Issuance of common stock for stockholder notes
receivable.................................... $ -- $ 318 $ --
======= ======== =========
See accompanying notes.
43
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Significant Accounting Policies:
Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
Portal Software, Inc. or Portal, formerly Portal Information Network, Inc.,
was incorporated in California in 1994 and reincorporated in Delaware in April
1999. Portal markets and supports real-time customer management and billing
software, or CM&B software, for providers of Internet-based services. Portal's
software is a comprehensive solution that is designed to meet the complex,
mission-critical provisioning, accounting, reporting and marketing needs of
providers of Internet-based services. Portal markets its products worldwide
through a combination of a direct sales force and distribution partners.
Substantially all of Portal's license revenues are derived from sales of its
Infranet product.
Portal has incurred operating losses to date and, at January 31, 2000, had
an accumulated deficit of $35.6 million. Portal's activities have been
primarily financed through private placements and public offerings of equity
securities. Portal may need to raise additional capital through the issuance
of debt or equity securities. Such financing may not be available on terms
satisfactory to Portal, if at all.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Portal and
its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Foreign Currency
Portal considers the functional currency of its foreign subsidiaries to be
the local currency. Assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies are
translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, and revenue, costs
and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange in effect during the
year. Translation gains and losses are reported within accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss). Net gains and losses resulting from foreign
exchange transactions were immaterial in all periods presented.
Revenue Recognition
License revenues are comprised of fees for multi-year or perpetual
licenses, which are primarily derived from contracts with corporate customers
and resellers. Revenue from license fees is recognized when persuasive
evidence of an agreement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, no
significant Portal obligations with regard to implementation remain, the fee
is fixed or determinable and collectibility is probable. For electronic
delivery, the software is considered to have been delivered when Portal has
provided the customer with the access codes that allow for immediate
possession of the software. If the fee due from the customer is not fixed or
determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer.
If collectibility is not considered probable, revenue is recognized when the
fee is collected. Revenue on arrangements with customers who are not the
ultimate users (primarily resellers) is not recognized until the product is
delivered to the end user.
Services revenues are primarily comprised of revenue from systems
integration or other consulting fees, maintenance agreements and training.
Arrangements that include software services are evaluated to determine whether
those services are essential to the functionality of other elements of the
arrangement. When software services are considered essential, revenue under
the arrangement is recognized using contract accounting. When software
services are not considered essential, the revenue related to the software
services is recognized as the services are performed. Maintenance agreements
provide technical support and include the right to unspecified upgrades on an
if-and-when-available basis. Maintenance revenue is deferred and recognized on
a straight-line basis as services revenue over the life of the related
agreement, which is typically one year. Customer advances and billed amounts
due from customers in excess of revenue recognized are recorded as deferred
revenue.
44
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
In February 1998, Portal adopted Statement of Position 97-2 ("SOP 97-2"),
as amended by SOP 98-4 and SOP 98-9, "Software Revenue Recognition." These
statements provide guidance on applying generally accepted accounting
principles in recognizing revenue on software transactions. SOP 98-9 amends
SOP 97-2 and 98-4, extending the deferral of the application of certain
provisions of SOP 97-2 amended by SOP 98-4 through fiscal years beginning on
or before March 15, 1999. All other provisions of SOP 98-9 are effective for
transactions entered into in fiscal years beginning after March 15, 1999.
Portal does not expect the final adoption of SOP 98-9 to have a material
impact on its future revenues or results of operations.
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements" ("SAB 101"). SAB 101 summarizes certain of the SEC staff's views
in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition.
Portal believes that its revenue recognition policies are compliant with SAB
101.
Research and Development
Research and development expenditures are generally charged to operations
as incurred. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86, "Accounting
for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed,"
requires the capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent
to the establishment of technological feasibility. Based on Portal's product
development process, technological feasibility is established upon the
completion of a working model. Costs incurred by Portal between the completion
of the working model and the point at which the product is ready for general
release have been insignificant. Therefore, through January 31, 2000, Portal
has charged all such costs to research and development expense in the period
incurred.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Portal sells its software and services to customers consisting mainly of
North American, European and Asia-Pacific Internet service providers and
enhanced service developers. Portal performs ongoing credit evaluations of its
customers and does not require collateral. Portal maintains an allowance for
potential credit losses and such losses have been within management's
expectations. During the years ended January 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000, Portal
added approximately $50,000, $1.4 million and $1.0 million to its allowance
for doubtful accounts. Write-offs of uncollectible accounts totaled $0.5
million and $0.8 million for the years ended January 31, 1999 and 2000,
respectively (none for the year ended January 31, 1998).
One customer accounted for 10% of total revenue during the year ended
January 31, 2000. No individual customer accounted for greater than 10% of
total revenue during fiscal 1999 and one customer accounted for 47% of
Portal's total revenues in fiscal 1998.
Segment Information
Portal operates solely in one segment, the development and marketing of
CM&B software. Portal's foreign offices consist of sales, marketing and
support activities through its foreign subsidiaries and an overseas reseller
network. Operating losses generated by the foreign operations of Portal and
their corresponding identifiable assets were not material in any period
presented. Portal's chief operating decision maker reviews financial
information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated
information about revenues by geographic region for purposes of making
operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The Company does not
assess the performance of its geographic regions on other measures of income
or expense, such as depreciation and amortization, gross margin or net income.
In addition, as Portal's assets are primarily located in its corporate office
in the United States and not allocated to any specific region, the Company
does not produce reports for, or measure the performance of, its geographic
regions based on any asset-based metrics. Therefore, geographic information is
presented only for revenues and gross margin.
45
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Portal's export revenue represented 15%, 27% and 35% of total revenues in
the years ending January 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000. All of the export sales to
date have been denominated in U.S. dollars and were derived from sales to
Europe and Asia-Pacific. Total export revenues for these years were $1.1
million, $4.4 million and $28.7 million to customers in Europe and $0.4
million, $2.7 million and $7.5 million to customers in the Asia-Pacific and
Latin American regions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of notes receivable is estimated by discounting the future
cash flows using the current interest rates at which similar loans would be
made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining
maturities. At January 31, 1999 and 2000, the carrying value of the notes
receivable approximated their fair value.
The fair value of short-term and long-term capital lease obligations is
estimated based on current interest rates available to Portal for debt
instruments with similar terms, degrees of risk, and remaining maturities. At
January 31, 1999 and 2000, the carrying values of these obligations
approximate their respective fair values.
Advertising
We expense advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense for the years
ended January 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 was approximately $24,000, $0.2 million
and $0.5 million, respectively.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Short-Term and Long-Term Investments
Portal considers all highly liquid, low-risk debt instruments with an
original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash
equivalents. Through January 31, 1999, Portal maintained cash and cash
equivalents in money market accounts with major financial institutions for
which the carrying amount approximated its fair value. Upon completion of the
initial public offering in May 1999 and secondary stock offering in October
1999 (see Note 6), Portal received additional cash which was available for
investment. At January 31, 2000, cash equivalents and short-term investments
consist primarily of commercial paper, money market funds and government
securities. All short-term investments mature within 24 months.
Portal classifies, at the date of acquisition, its cash equivalents and
short-term investments as available-for-sale in accordance with the provisions
of the FASB's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.115, "Accounting
for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" ("FAS 115"). Securities
are reported at fair market value, with the related unrealized gains and
losses included within stockholders' equity. Unrealized gains and losses were
not material at January 31, 1998 and 1999. At January 31, 2000, unrealized
losses were $703,000 due primarily to the effects of increasing interest rates
on long-term securities. It is not expected that a significant amount of the
unrealized loss will be realized. Debt and discount securities are adjusted
for straight-line amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to
maturity, both of which are included in interest income. Realized gains and
losses are recorded using the specific identification method.
The following schedule summarizes the estimated fair value of Portal's
cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments (in thousands):
January 31,
---------------
1999 2000
------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash.................................................... $ 4,359 $11,570
Money market funds...................................... 7,450 12,142
Commercial paper........................................ -- 14,977
U.S. Government securities.............................. -- 5,198
------- -------
$11,809 $43,887
======= =======
46
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Short-term investments at January 31, 2000 (in thousands):
Gross Unrealized
------------------------------
Fair
Cost Gain Loss Value
-------- ---- ----- --------
Commercial paper.......................... $ 12,303 $ -- $ (4) $12,299
Corporate notes........................... 90,364 -- (571) 89,793
Municipal bonds........................... 55,434 -- (124) 55,310
Restricted investments.................... (5,312) -- -- (5,312)
-------- ---- ----- --------
$152,789 $ -- $(699) $152,090
======== ==== ===== ========
The estimated fair value of cash, cash equivalents and short-term
investments classified by date of maturity is as follows (in thousands):
January 31,
----------------
1999 2000
------- --------
Due within one year...................................... $11,809 $125,467
Due within two years..................................... -- 75,822
Restricted short-term investments........................ -- (5,312)
------- --------
$11,809 $195,977
======= ========
In accordance with FAS 115, Portal classifies all non-restricted short-term
investments as available-for-sale since these securities are available to
support current operations. Restricted short-term investments represent
collateral for a $950,000 letter of credit backing surety bonds required by a
customer contract and for a $3 million letter of credit issued to Portal's
landlord to guarantee payment of tenant improvements. On February 29 and
October 31, 2000, the surety bonds of $750,000 and $200,000, respectively,
will expire. On February 29, 2000, the guarantee for tenant improvements did
expire. The restricted short-term investments are not available to support
current operations and, consequently, are classified as held-to-maturity. As a
result, unrealized gains and losses are not recorded. At January 31, 2000,
amortized cost approximated fair value.
Restricted long-term investments of $5,856,000 represent collateral for two
letters of credit issued in lieu of security deposits for two new facility
leases and consist of corporate bonds maturing over a period of one to three
years. The two letters of credit for $2,250,000 and $3,000,000 are renewable
annually until they expire on December 31, 2010. The restricted long-term
investments are classified as held-to-maturity and, consequently, unrealized
gains and losses are not recorded. At January 31, 2000, amortized cost
approximated fair value.
Realized gains and losses from sales of each type of security were
immaterial for all periods presented.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation on office and computer equipment and furniture is computed
using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to seven
years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method
over the shorter of the related lease term or their estimated useful lives,
typically five years.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those
estimates.
47
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share and diluted net loss per share are presented in
conformity with the FASB's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
128, "Earnings Per Share" ("FAS 128"), for all periods presented. In
accordance with FAS 128, basic and diluted net loss per share have been
computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock
outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase. All share
and per share amounts shown in this table have been restated to reflect a two-
for-one stock split effective January 20, 2000.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss
per share for the three years ended January 31, 2000 (in thousands, except per
share data):
Years ended January 31,
----------------------------
1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------
Net loss................................... $ (7,587) $(17,408) $ (7,620)
======== ======== ========
Basic and diluted:
Weighted-average shares of common stock
outstanding............................. 68,174 77,804 133,000
Less: Weighted-average shares subject to
repurchase.............................. (26,603) (18,742) (8,184)
-------- -------- --------
Weighted-average shares used in computing
basic and diluted net loss per share...... 41,571 59,062 124,816
======== ======== ========
Basic and diluted net loss per share... $ (0.18) $ (0.29) $ (0.06)
======== ======== ========
Portal has excluded all convertible preferred stock, warrants for
convertible preferred stock, outstanding stock options, and shares subject to
repurchase from the calculation of diluted loss per share because all such
securities are antidilutive for all periods presented. The total number of
shares excluded from the calculations of diluted net loss per share was
76,519,800, 80,371,692 and 20,679,540 for the years ended January 31, 1998,
1999 and 2000. Such securities, had they been dilutive, would have been
included in the computations of diluted net loss per share using the treasury
stock method. See Note 6 for further information on these securities.
Stock-Based Compensation
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-
Based Compensation", ("FAS 123"), encourages but does not require companies to
record compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation plans at fair
value. Portal has chosen to continue to account for stock-based compensation
using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees", and related
interpretations, in accounting for its stock option plans. See the pro forma
disclosures of applying FAS 123 included in Note 6.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net loss and other
comprehensive income (loss), which includes certain changes in equity of the
company that are excluded from net loss. Specifically, FAS 130 requires
foreign currency translation adjustments and changes in the fair value of
available-for-sale securities to be included in other accumulated
comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive loss for the three years ended
January 31, 2000 has been disclosed in the Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(Net Capital Deficiency).
48
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 1998, the FASB issued "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities," ("FAS 133"). FAS 133 establishes methods for derivative
financial instruments and hedging activities related to those instruments, as
well as other hedging activities. In June 1999, the FASB delayed
implementation of FAS 133, so that implementation is now required for fiscal
years beginning after June 15, 2000. As Portal does not currently engage in
hedging activities, Portal expects that the adoption of FAS 133 will not have
a material impact on its financial position or results of operations. Due to
the delayed effective date, Portal will be required to implement FAS 133 for
fiscal 2002.
(2) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is recorded at cost and consists of the following
(in thousands):
January 31,
--------------
1999 2000
------ -------
Office and computer equipment................................ $4,970 $17,290
Furniture and fixtures....................................... 1,237 2,217
Leasehold improvements....................................... 348 3,584
------ -------
6,555 23,091
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization............... 2,138 4,306
------ -------
Property and equipment, net.................................. $4,417 $18,785
====== =======
Included in property and equipment at January 31, 1999 and 2000 were assets
acquired under capital lease obligations with a cost of approximately $2.8
million and $3.0 million. Accumulated depreciation related to the assets
acquired under capital lease totaled approximately $0.3 million and $1.1
million at January 31, 1999 and 2000.
(3) Long-Term Debt, Convertible Promissory Notes and Line of Credit
In July 1997, Portal entered into a $3.0 million note payable agreement
with a financial institution to finance working capital. The agreement was
subsequently amended in February 1999 to change the installment payment dates.
The note, bearing an interest rate at 10.75% per annum, was payable in three
installments of $1.5 million, $0.5 million, and $1.0 million on February 19,
1999, March 31, 1999, and April 30, 1999 and was paid on schedule. In
connection with the note, Portal issued warrants to the lender to purchase
130,098 shares of Series B preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per
share. As of April 30, 1999, the entire loan had been repaid.
In December 1998, Portal entered into an agreement with a customer to
convert $1.1 million from a deposit into a note payable. The note, bearing an
interest rate of 10% per annum, was due on November 30, 1999. The entire
balance on the note was repaid in July 1999.
On April 15, 1999, Portal entered into a line of credit with a bank under
which Portal may borrow up to $5 million. Amounts borrowed under this line of
credit bear interest at a rate of the bank's prime rate plus 0.5% and mature
on April 13, 2000. On April 22, 1999, Portal borrowed $1.0 million under the
line of credit to repay the final installment of the term loan that matured in
April 1999. The entire balance on the line of credit was repaid in May 1999.
49
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(4) Agreement with Andersen Consulting LLC
On April 12, 1999, Portal agreed to enter into a strategic alliance with
Andersen Consulting LLC under which Andersen Consulting LLC agreed to provide
services to Portal and the parties agreed to expand their existing marketing
alliance and work closely together to expand their customer service and
marketing relationship. Under this arrangement, Andersen Consulting LLC agreed
to purchase up to 800,000 shares of common stock from Portal in a private
placement concurrent with Portal's initial public offering at the initial
public offering price, less the underwriting discount.
Under this agreement, Portal agreed to pay Andersen Consulting LLC for its
services a minimum services fee in cash of $2.8 million and a cash settled put
for 400,000 of the shares to be purchased by Andersen Consulting LLC. This put
guaranteed a closing value of $6.0 million at the end of the first day of
trading for 400,000 common shares sold to Andersen and required Portal to pay
Andersen Consulting LLC in cash for any differences between the closing value
of these shares and $6.0 million. Upon the date of the arrangement, Portal
recorded the fair value of the put of approximately $3.8 million. The value of
the put was determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model using a risk-free
interest rate of 6.3%, an expected life of one month and a volatility factor
of 100%.
Upon completion of the initial public offering (see Note 6), the put option
was settled. Based on the closing price of Portal's common stock at the end of
the first day of trading, the net cash settlement of the put was computed at a
value of zero. As a result, a gain upon remeasurement of the liability of $3.8
million was recorded as other income in the year ended January 31, 2000. At
January 31, 2000, the initial fair value of the put, approximately $3.8
million, has been classified as a prepaid service asset, and allocated between
current and long-term assets as appropriate.
Upon signing of the definitive agreement in March 2000, the services fee of
$2.8 million was paid and capitalized. The entire prepaid service asset of
$6.6 million will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the
agreement of approximately four and one half years.
(5) Commitments
Operating Leases
Portal leases its office facilities and some property under various
operating lease agreements. During fiscal 2000, Portal entered into two leases
for its worldwide headquarters, which expire in December 2010. Rental expense
for all operating leases was approximately $0.7 million, $1.6 million and $4.7
million for fiscal 1998, 1999 and 2000.
Future minimum lease payments as of January 31, 2000 for all operating
leases are as follows (in thousands):
Year ending January 31,
2001.............................................................. $ 9,634
2002.............................................................. 9,018
2003.............................................................. 9,226
2004.............................................................. 8,337
2005.............................................................. 8,484
Thereafter........................................................ 54,529
-------
Total minimum lease payments.................................... $99,228
=======
50
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
In connection with the leases for its worldwide headquarters, Portal has
issued two letters of credit as deposits for the facilities. The letters, in
the amounts of $2,250,000 and $3,000,000, have terms that allow the reduction
down to $1,100,000 and $1,450,000, respectively, if certain covenants
regarding sales and cash flow are met. Both letters of credit renew yearly
until expiration on 12/31/2010.
Capital Lease Obligations
Portal leases certain furniture, computers, and equipment under non-
cancelable capital leases. Obligations under capital leases represent the
present value of future non-cancelable rental payments under various lease
agreements.
Future minimum lease payments under capital leases are as follows (in
thousands):
Year ending January 31,
2001............................................................... $ 939
2002............................................................... 1,006
2003............................................................... 609
2004............................................................... 23
------
Total minimum payments........................................... 2,577
Less amount representing interest.................................... (272)
------
Present value of future payments..................................... 2,305
Less current portion................................................. (780)
------
Long-term portion.................................................... $1,525
======
(6) Stockholders' Equity
Reincorporation and Stock Splits
During February 1999, Portal's board of directors authorized the
reincorporation of Portal in the state of Delaware. This reincorporation was
effective on April 29, 1999. Portal is authorized to issue 250,000,000 shares
of common stock, $0.001 par value and 5,000,000 shares of undesignated
preferred stock, $0.001 par value. The board of directors will have the
authority to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and
restrictions of the preferred stock.
In April 1999, Portal's board of directors approved a three-for-one split
of Portal's common and preferred stock. The stock split took place on April
29, 1999. In December 1999, the board of directors approved a two-for-one
split of Portal's common stock, which was effected by means of a stock
dividend. This stock split dividend was paid on January 19, 2000. Concurrently
with the stock dividend, Portal's outstanding stock options and stock option
purchase plans were adjusted to reflect the two-for-one stock split. All share
and per share amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been adjusted retroactively to reflect these stock splits.
Initial Public Offering
On May 11, 1999, Portal completed an initial public offering of its common
stock. All 9.2 million shares covered by Portal's Registration Statement on
Form S-1, including shares covered by an over-allotment option that was
exercised, were sold by Portal at a price of $7.00 per share, less an
underwriting discount of $0.49 per share. In addition, on May 11, 1999, the
Company issued 760,368 shares of common stock to Andersen Consulting LLC and
6.0 million shares of common stock to Cisco Systems, Inc. for $6.51 per share
or an aggregate purchase price of approximately $44.0 million. Net proceeds to
the Company from all shares sold were
51
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
approximately $102.4 million. Upon the consummation of Portal's initial public
offering on May 11, 1999, all of the then outstanding Series A preferred stock
and Series B preferred stock automatically converted into common stock.
Secondary Stock Offering
In October 1999, Portal completed a secondary offering of 11.5 million
shares of Portal common stock, including shares covered by an over-allotment
option that was exercised. Of these shares, Portal offered 5.9 million primary
shares and selling stockholders offered 5.6 million shares. Net proceeds to
the Company were approximately $106.0 million after underwriting commissions
and expenses.
Convertible Preferred Stock
A summary of convertible preferred stock as of January 31, 1999 is as
follows:
January 31, 1999
----------------------
Authorized Outstanding
---------- -----------
Series A............................................ 18,900,000 36,832,380
Series B............................................ 10,800,000 20,471,994
---------- ----------
29,700,000 57,304,374
========== ==========
At January 31, 1999, 29,700,000 shares of convertible preferred stock were
authorized. In connection with the initial public offering in May 1999, all
convertible preferred stock was converted to common stock. As of January 31,
2000, 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock were authorized and no shares were
outstanding.
Common Stock
Portal has issued shares of common stock, which are subject to Portal's
right to repurchase at the original issuance price upon the occurrence of
certain events, as defined in the agreement relating to the sale of such
stock. The repurchase rights lapse ratably over a period of one to four years
from the date of issuance. At January 31, 1998 and 1999 and January 31, 2000,
approximately 29,427,294, 13,021,692 and 5,627,966 shares were subject to
repurchase. Of the shares subject to repurchase, 16,857,828, 11,894,022 and
5,501,240 shares were issued upon the exercise of options under the 1995 Stock
Option/Issuance Plan.
At January 31, 2000, common stock was reserved for issuance as follows:
Exercise of outstanding stock options......................... 20,540,899
Shares of common stock available for grant under the 1999
Stock Incentive Plan......................................... 4,633,587
----------
Total common stock reserved for issuance.................... 25,174,486
==========
Warrants
Warrants to purchase 62,724 shares of common stock for a price of $0.008
per share were issued in connection with bridge loan financing in December
1995. During the years ended January 31, 1999 and 2000, 37,722 and 25,002
shares were issued in connection with exercises of these warrants. The value
ascribed to the warrants is immaterial for financial statement purposes. As of
January 31, 2000, none of these warrants were outstanding.
52
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Warrants to purchase 7,241,400 shares of Series A preferred stock at a
price of $0.09 per share were issued in connection with the issuance of Series
A preferred stock in March 1996. During the years ended January 31, 1997,
1998, 1999 and 2000, 6,150,000, 200,100, 209,100 and 682,200 shares were
exercised. The value ascribed to these warrants is immaterial for financial
statement purposes. As of January 31, 2000, none of these warrants were
outstanding.
Warrants to purchase 460,194 shares of Series B preferred stock for a price
of $0.75 per share were issued in connection with the issuance of notes
payable and the signing of capital lease agreements in July 1997. During the
year ended January 31, 2000, these warrants were exercised on a net basis,
resulting in the issuance of 449,942 shares of common stock. The warrants were
appraised at the date of issuance and additional interest expense of $104,000
was recorded. This amount was deferred and is being amortized to interest
expense over the term of the notes. During the years ended January 31, 1999
and 2000, $38,310 and $17,175 of the additional interest expense was
amortized.
Stock Options
Upon the reincorporation of Portal on April 29, 1999, all options issued
under the 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan were assumed by the 1999 Stock
Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). Under the Plan, the board of directors is
authorized to grant incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options to
employees, officers, and directors of Portal. The Plan allows for the grant of
incentive stock options to employees and grant of nonstatutory stock options
to eligible participants. The number of shares of common stock available for
issuance under the Plan automatically increases on the first trading day of
each fiscal year during the term of the Plan, beginning with fiscal 2001, by
an amount equal to four percent (4%) of the shares of common stock outstanding
on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, but in no
event shall any such annual increase exceed 10,500,000 shares.
The option price of options granted under the Plan is not less than 100% or
85% of the fair value on the date of the grant as determined by the board of
directors for incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options,
respectively, except for incentive stock options granted to a person owning
greater than 10% of the total voting power of Portal, for which the exercise
price of the options must not be less than 110% of the fair value at the time
of grant. Options granted prior to January 27, 1999 generally become
exercisable upon grant subject to repurchase rights in favor of Portal until
vested. Options granted after January 27, 1999 generally become exercisable
only when vested. Options generally vest over a period of no more than five
years. Options may be granted with different vesting terms at the discretion
of the board of directors. Options are exercisable for a term of ten years
after the date of grant except those incentive stock options granted to a
person owning greater than 10% of the total voting power of stock of Portal,
which are exercisable for a term of five years after the date of grant. If the
optionee's employment by or service with Portal is terminated, the options
cease to be exercisable after a specified period, generally three months (one
year in the case of death or disability). In the event of a change in control
in which options granted under the Plan are not assumed, the options will
accelerate and vest in full and existing repurchase rights will lapse.
53
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
A summary of Portal's stock option activity under all Plans and related
information follows:
January 31, 1998 January 31, 1999 January 31, 2000
---------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average Average
Exercise Exercise Exercise
Shares Price Shares Price Shares Price
----------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Outstanding at beginning
of year................ 3,334,536 $0.01 1,783,368 $0.01 11,192,400 $ 0.77
Options granted......... 18,541,830 $0.01 13,782,000 $0.70 13,110,467 $13.25
Options exercised....... (18,423,948) $0.01 (4,072,968) $0.22 (2,157,738) $ 0.87
Options canceled........ (1,669,050) $0.01 (300,000) $0.64 (1,604,230) $ 2.32
=========== ========== ========== ======
Outstanding at end of
year................... 1,783,368 $0.01 11,192,400 $0.77 20,540,899 $ 8.60
=========== ========== ========== ======
Exercisable at end of
year................... 1,783,368 $0.01 11,192,400 $0.77 7,929,314 $ 1.28
=========== ========== ========== ======
Additional authorized
shares................. -- -- -- -- 12,943,820 --
=========== ========== ========== ======
Weighted-average fair
value of options
granted................ $0.01 $0.18 $ 9.03
At January 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000, 16,857,828, 11,894,022 and 5,627,966
shares, which had been issued upon exercise of options, were subject to
repurchase. At January 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000, options to acquire 100,386,
278,946 and 2,326,790 shares were vested but not exercised.
Exercise prices for options outstanding as of January 31, 2000 and the
weighted-average remaining contractual life are as follows:
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
------------------------------------ ------------------------
Weighted-
Average
Number Remaining Weighted- Number Weighted-
Outstanding at Contractual Average Outstanding at Average
Range of January 31, Life Exercise January 31, Exercise
Exercise Prices 2000 (In years) Price 2000 Price
--------------- -------------- ----------- --------- -------------- ---------
$0.00-0.66.............. 2,821,902 8.3 0.28 2,821,902 0.28
0.67-0.83.............. 1,595,850 8.6 0.74 1,595,850 0.74
1.33................... 3,009,564 8.8 1.33 3,009,564 1.33
2.00................... 967,350 9.0 2.00 122,512 2.00
5.00................... 4,903,520 9.1 5.00 253,188 5.00
7.00................... 3,463,762 9.2 7.00 30,303 7.00
19.50.................. 374,802 9.5 19.50 19,646 19.50
20.91-27.00............ 1,834,602 9.6 24.77 66,725 25.15
31.25-39.86............ 673,280 9.8 38.64 9,624 38.92
40.25-47.50............ 896,267 9.8 46.08 0 0.00
---------- --- ----- --------- -----
20,540,899 9.0 8.61 7,929,314 1.28
========== === ===== ========= =====
During the year ended January 31, 1999, in connection with the grant of
certain share options to employees, Portal recorded deferred stock
compensation of $16.8 million representing the difference between the exercise
price and the deemed fair value of Portal's common stock on the date such
stock options were granted. Such amount is included as a reduction of
stockholders' equity (net capital deficiency) and is being amortized by
charges to operations on a graded vesting method. In fiscal 1999 and 2000,
Portal recorded amortization of deferred stock compensation expense of
approximately $2.3 million and $8.2 million. At January 31, 2000, Portal had a
total of approximately $6.3 million remaining to be amortized over the
corresponding vesting period of each respective option, generally four years.
The amortization expense relates to options awarded to employees in all
operating expense categories. This amount has not been separately allocated to
these categories.
54
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In February 1999, the board of directors approved the adoption of Portal's
1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("1999 Purchase Plan"). The stockholders
approved this plan in April 1999. A total of 3,600,000 shares of common stock
have been reserved for issuance under the 1999 Purchase Plan. The number of
shares of common stock available for issuance under the 1999 Purchase Plan
automatically increases on the first trading day of each fiscal year during
the term of the 1999 Purchase Plan, beginning with fiscal 2001, by an amount
equal to two percent (2%) of the shares of common stock outstanding on the
last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, but in no event
shall any such annual increase exceed 4,000,000 shares. The 1999 Purchase Plan
permits eligible employees to acquire shares of Portal's common stock through
periodic payroll deductions of up to 15% of total compensation. No more than
2,500 shares may be purchased on any purchase date per employee. Each offering
period will have a maximum duration of 24 months. The price at which the
common stock may be purchased is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of
Portal's common stock on the first day of the applicable offering period or on
the last day of the respective purchase period. The initial offering period
commenced on the effectiveness of the initial public offering and will end on
the last business day of May 2001. A total of 499,402 shares were sold under
the 1999 Purchase Plan during the year ended January 31, 2000 at a price of
$5.95 per share.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
As discussed in Note 1, Portal has elected to follow APB Opinion No. 25 and
related interpretations in accounting for its employee and director stock-
based awards because, as discussed below, the alternative fair value
accounting provided for under FAS 123 requires use of option valuation models
that were not developed for use in valuing employee stock-based awards. Under
APB Opinion No. 25, Portal does not recognize compensation expense with
respect to such awards if the exercise price equals or exceeds the fair value
of the underlying security on the date of grant and other terms are fixed.
Prior to January 31, 1999, the fair value for these awards was estimated at
the date of grant using the minimum value options pricing model. Subsequent to
this date, Portal estimated fair value based on the Black-Scholes pricing
model. These models were developed for use in estimating the fair value of
traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable.
In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective
assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because Portal's
stock-based awards have characteristics significantly different from those of
traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can
materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the
existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the
fair value of its stock-based awards. The fair value of options granted was
estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year Ended
January 31,
----------------
1998 1999 2000
---- ---- ----
Risk-free interest rate..................................... 6% 6% 6%
Expected life (years)....................................... 6 6 5
Volatility.................................................. -- -- 85%
Dividend Yield.............................................. 0% 0% 0%
55
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the
options is amortized to expense over the option's vesting period. Portal's pro
forma information follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Year Ended January 31,
---------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------- -------- --------
Net loss:
As reported................................ $(7,587) $(17,408) $ (7,620)
Pro forma.................................. (7,607) (17,861) (39,406)
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
As reported................................ $ (0.18) $ (0.29) $ (0.06)
Pro forma.................................. (0.18) (0.30) (0.32)
(7) Income Taxes
Portal's provision for income taxes was approximately $0.7 million and $1.6
million for the years ended January 31, 1999 and 2000. No provision for income
tax for 1998 has been recorded as Portal incurred a net operating loss for
that period. The reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) attributable
to continuing operations computed at the U.S. federal statutory rates to
income tax expense (benefit) for the fiscal years ended January 31, 1998, 1999
and 2000 is as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended January 31,
-------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------- ------- -------
Tax provision (benefit) at U.S. statutory
rate......................................... $(2,579) $(5,676) $(2,041)
Loss for which no tax benefit is currently
recognizable................................. 2,579 5,676 2,881
Alternative minimum tax....................... -- 500 --
Foreign income and withholding taxes.......... -- 215 776
------- ------- -------
Total....................................... $ -- $ 715 $ 1,616
======= ======= =======
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
Significant components of Portal's deferred tax assets are as follows (in
thousands):
January 31,
------------------
1999 2000
-------- --------
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry-forwards.................... $ -- $ 2,084
Tax credit carry-forwards............................ 1,053 4,041
Deferred revenue..................................... 8,980 13,424
Accruals and reserves not currently deductible....... 1,679 3,053
Other, net........................................... 848 3,366
-------- --------
Total deferred tax assets.......................... 12,560 25,968
Valuation allowance.................................... (12,560) (25,968)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax assets................................ $ -- $ --
======== ========
Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on future earnings, if any,
the timing and the amount of which are uncertain. Accordingly, a valuation
allowance, in an amount equal to the deferred tax assets as of January 31,
1999 and 2000, has been established to reflect these uncertainties. The change
in the valuation allowance was a
56
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
net increase of approximately $8.2 million and $13.4 million for the years
ended January 31, 1999 and 2000. Approximately $10.5 million of the valuation
allowance for deferred tax assets is attributable to unbenefitted stock option
deductions, the benefit of which will be credited to equity when realized.
As of January 31, 2000, Portal's federal and state net operating loss
carry-forwards for income tax purposes were approximately $5.6 million and
$2.5 million, respectively. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss
carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2013, and the state net operating loss
carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2002.
Portal had federal research and development tax credit carry-forwards of
approximately $1.6 million, which will expire at various dates from 2012
through 2020, if not utilized. The Company also had state research and
development credit carry-forwards of approximately $1.3 million with no
expiration dates and manufacturer's investment credit carry-forwards of
approximately $.2 million which will expire in 2007 and 2008, if not utilized.
In addition, Portal had a foreign tax credit carry-forwards of approximately
$1.0 million, which will expire in 2004 and 2005, if not utilized.
Utilization of tax credit carry-forwards may be subject to a substantial
annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. The
annual limitation may result in expiration of tax credit carry-forwards before
full utilization.
57
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(8) Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
The following table presents Portal's operating results for each of the
eight quarters in the period ended January 31, 2000. The information for each
of these quarters is unaudited and has been prepared on the same basis as the
audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all
necessary adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, have
been included to present fairly the unaudited quarterly results when read in
conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Portal and
the financial statement footnotes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10K (in
thousands).
Quarter Ended
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
April 30, July 31, Oct. 31, Jan. 31, April 30, July 31, Oct. 31, Jan. 31,
1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000
--------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------
Consolidated Statement
of Operations Data:
Revenues:
License fees.......... $ 2,185 $ 1,876 $ 3,817 $ 5,658 $ 9,064 $12,651 $18,076 $27,258
Services.............. 1,881 2,411 3,414 5,427 6,101 8,159 9,976 11,764
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues....... 4,066 4,287 7,231 11,085 15,165 20,810 28,052 39,022
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of license fees.. 60 86 143 169 185 321 607 1,483
Cost of services...... 1,201 1,673 2,232 4,319 4,195 4,795 6,482 7,336
Research and
development.......... 2,207 2,460 3,148 3,437 4,285 6,171 6,757 8,877
Sales and marketing... 2,000 3,141 4,016 4,955 7,329 8,828 11,795 15,719
General and
administrative....... 714 1,273 1,439 2,827 2,235 2,919 3,845 6,350
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation......... 96 234 537 1,430 2,026 2,985 1,801 1,423
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total costs and
expenses............ 6,278 8,867 11,515 17,137 20,255 26,019 31,287 41,188
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Loss from operations.... $(2,212) $(4,580) $(4,284) $(6,052) $(5,090) $(5,209) $(3,235) $(2,166)
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
As a Percentage of Total
Revenues:
Revenues:
License fees.......... 54 % 44 % 53 % 51 % 60 % 61 % 64 % 70 %
Services.............. 46 56 47 49 40 39 36 30
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues....... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Costs and expenses:
Cost of license fees.. 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4
Cost of services...... 30 39 31 39 28 23 23 19
Research and
development.......... 54 57 43 31 28 30 24 23
Sales and marketing... 49 73 56 45 49 42 42 40
General and
administrative....... 18 30 20 25 15 14 14 16
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation......... 2 6 7 13 13 14 7 4
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total costs and
expenses............ 154 207 159 155 134 125 112 106
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Loss from operations.... (54)% (107)% (59)% (55)% (34)% (25)% (12)% (6)%
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
58
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF REGISTRANT
The information required by this item with respect to identification of
directors is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the
section captioned "Election of Directors" in the Registrant's definitive Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held July 26, 2000 (the
"Proxy Statement"), to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the
end of the Registrant's fiscal year ended January 31, 2000. For information
with respect to the executive officers of the Registrant, see "Executive
Officers of the Registrant" at the end of Part I of this Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by this item with respect to the information
required under Item 405 of Regulation S-K is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the section captioned "Section 16(a) Beneficial
Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the section captioned "Executive Compensation" in the
Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the section captioned "Share Ownership by Principal
Stockholders and Management" in the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the
information contained in the section captioned "Employment Agreements and
Certain Transactions" in the Proxy Statement.
59
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report on Form 10-K:
1. Financial Statements. The Consolidated Financial Statements of Portal
Software, Inc. and Report of Independent Auditors contained in this Report on
Form 10-K are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
contained in Item 8 above:
Pages
Located
in
Form 10-K
---------
Report of Independent Auditors.................................... 39
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 1999 and 2000....... 40
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Years Ended
January 31, 2000................................................. 41
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Net Capital
Deficiency) for the Three Years Ended January 31, 2000........... 42
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Years Ended
January 31, 2000................................................. 43
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements........................ 44-58
2. Financial Statement Schedules. None
3. Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The management
contracts and compensatory plans required to be filed as part of, or
incorporated by reference into, this Report are: (i) 1999 Stock Incentive
Plan, Exhibit 10.5; (ii) 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Exhibit 10.6;
(iii) 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan and exhibits, Exhibit 10.4.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K. The Company filed no Reports on Form 8-K during
the quarter ended January 31, 2000.
(c) Exhibits. The following Exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated
by reference into, this Report on Form 10-K:
3.1(1) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
3.2(1) Bylaws.
4.1(1) Form of Registrant's Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.2(1) Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, among the Registrant
and the investors and founders named therein, dated January 29, 1998.
4.3(1) Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Investors' Rights
Agreement, dated March 3, 1998.
10.1(1) Lease Agreement between Registrant and Stevens Creek Office Center
Associates for office facilities at Stevens Creek Office Center,
Cupertino, California, dated November 4, 1991, as amended.
10.2(1) Lease Agreement between Registrant and Stevens Creek Office Center
Associates for office facilities at 20833 Stevens Creek Boulevard,
Cupertino, California, dated as of September 8, 1998.
10.3(1) Loan and Security Agreement by and between Registrant and Lighthouse
Capital Partners, L.P., dated as of July 24, 1997, as amended.
10.4(1) Registrant's 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan and exhibits.
10.5(1) Registrant's 1999 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.6(1) Registrant's 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.7(1) Form of Directors' and Officers' Indemnification Agreement.
10.8(1) Form of Registrant's Software License and Support Agreement.
60
10.9(1) Form of Registrant's Business Alliance Agreement.
10.10(1) Stock Purchase Agreement with Cisco Systems, Inc., dated April 13,
1999.
10.11(1) Stock Purchase Agreement with Andersen Consulting LLP, dated April
12, 1999.
10.12(2) Loan Agreement and General Security Agreement between Portal
Software, Inc. and Imperial Bank, dated April 15, 1999.
10.13(1) Lease agreement dated June 25, 1999 by and between Registrant and TST
Cupertino, L.L.C. for office facilities at Cupertino City Center V,
10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California.
10.14 Lease dated September 1999 between TST Torre, L.L.C. and Portal
Software, Inc. for office facilities located at 10201 Torre Avenue,
Cupertino, California.
13.1(3) Proxy for 2000 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.
27.1 Financial Data Schedule (In EDGAR format only).
- --------
(1) Incorporated herein by reference from Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 333-72999).
(2) Incorporated herein by reference from Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 333-86183).
(3) To be filed with Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days
after the end of the period covered by this Report on Form 10-K.
61
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report on Form 10-K
to be signed on its behalf of the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PORTAL SOFTWARE, INC.
/s/ John E. Little
April 27, 2000 By: _________________________________
John E. Little
Chairman of the Board, President
and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
Report on 10-K has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and
on the dates indicated:
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
/s/ John E. Little Chairman of the Board and April 27, 2000
____________________________________ Chief Executive Officer
John E. Little (Principal Executive
Officer)
/s/ Jack L. Acosta Chief Financial Officer April 27, 2000
____________________________________ (Principal Financial and
Jack L. Acosta Accounting Officer)
____________________________________ Director
William T. Coleman, III
/s/ Arthur C. Patterson Director April 27, 2000
____________________________________
Arthur C. Patterson
/s/ David C. Peterschmidt Director April 27, 2000
____________________________________
David C. Peterschmidt
/s/ Edward J. Zander Director April 27, 2000
____________________________________
Edward J. Zander
62
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
No. Description
------- -----------
3.1(1) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
3.2(1) Bylaws.
4.1(1) Form of Registrant's Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.2(1) Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, among the
Registrant and the investors and founders named therein, dated
January 29, 1998.
4.3(1) Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Investors' Rights
Agreement, dated March 3, 1998.
10.1(1) Lease Agreement between Registrant and Stevens Creek Office Center
Associates for office facilities at Stevens Creek Office Center,
Cupertino, California, dated November 4, 1991, as amended.
10.2(1) Lease Agreement between Registrant and Stevens Creek Office Center
Associates for office facilities at 20833 Stevens Creek Boulevard,
Cupertino, California, dated as of September 8, 1998.
10.3(1) Loan and Security Agreement by and between Registrant and Lighthouse
Capital Partners, L.P., dated as of July 24, 1997, as amended.
10.4(1) Registrant's 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan and exhibits.
10.5(1) Registrant's 1999 Stock Incentive Plan.
10.6(1) Registrant's 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.7(1) Form of Directors' and Officers' Indemnification Agreement.
10.8(1) Form of Registrant's Software License and Support Agreement.
10.9(1) Form of Registrant's Business Alliance Agreement.
10.10(1) Stock Purchase Agreement with Cisco Systems, Inc., dated April 13,
1999.
10.11(1) Stock Purchase Agreement with Andersen Consulting LLP, dated April
12, 1999.
10.12(2) Loan Agreement and General Security Agreement between Portal
Software, Inc. and Imperial Bank, dated April 15, 1999.
10.13(1) Lease agreement dated June 25, 1999 by and between Registrant and TST
Cupertino, L.L.C. for office facilities at Cupertino City Center V,
10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California.
10.14 Lease dated September 1999 between TST Torre, L.L.C. and Portal
Software, Inc. for office facilities located at 10201 Torre Avenue,
Cupertino, California.
13.1(3) Proxy for 2000 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.
27.1 Financial Data Schedule (In EDGAR format only).
- --------
(1) Incorporated herein by reference from Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 333-72999).
(2) Incorporated herein by reference from Registration Statement on Form S-1
(No. 333-86183).
(3) To be filed with Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days
after the end of the period covered by this Report on Form 10-K.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules not listed above have been omitted because the information
required to be set therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial
statements or notes thereto.
63