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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549




FORM 10-K



(MARK ONE)

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003

OR

[   ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___________ TO _____________

Commission file number 0-28472

DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
Delaware
77-0333728
  (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

430 Cambridge Avenue, Suite 110
Palo Alto, California    94306

(Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code)

(650) 322-8108
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

      Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   x    No   ¨

      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     ¨

      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes   ¨    No   x

      As of June 30, 2003, there were approximately 6,582,255 shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding. The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the closing price for the Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market on June 30, 2003) was approximately $10,261,468. Shares of the registrant's Common Stock held by each executive officer and director and by each entity that owns 5% or more of the registrant's Common Stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

      As of March 26, 2004, there were approximately 10,160,317 shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding.




DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

      Portions of the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement for the Registrant's 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. The Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days of Registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.



DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
Year Ended December 31, 2003
INDEX

 

 

Page

Part I.

 

1

   Item 1.

Business

1

   Item 2.

Properties

7

   Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

8

   Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

8

Part II.

 

10

   Item 5.

Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

10

   Item 6.

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

12

   Item 7.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

12

  

Risk Factors

23

   Item 7a.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

34

   Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

35

   Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

35

   Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

35

Part III.

 

37

   Item 10.

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

37

   Item 11.

Executive Compensation

37

   Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

37

   Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

37

   Item 14.

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

37

Part IV.

 

37

   Item 15.

Exhibits, Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K

37

SIGNATURES

  

71








This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws, particularly statements referencing gross margin costs and operating expenses; factory utilization rates; the sufficiency of our cash balances and cash flows for the next twelve months; potential investments of cash or stock to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products or technologies; the impact of recent changes in accounting standards; and assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as "may," "will," "would," "could," "should," "expects," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "estimates," "potential," or "continue," or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, these expectations or any of the forward-looking statements could prove to be incorrect, and actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in the forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the factors set forth in "Factors That May Affect Future Results" and elsewhere in this report. All forward-looking statements and reasons why results may differ included in this report are made as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements or reasons why actual results may differ.

PART I

Item 1. Business

Introduction

Digital Video Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq SmallCap: DVID) ("DVS"), ("DVSI") or (the "Company") is a technology company specializing in the development and application of digital video technologies that enable the convergence of data, digital audio, digital video and high-end graphics. The company's mission is to be the leading DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) solution provider. The company's current product offerings include DVD loaders (the principal hardware component of DVD players), DVD sub-systems and components.

History

Digital Video Systems, Inc. was founded in 1992 to develop, manufacture and market digital video compression and decompression hardware and software for entertainment, commercial and educational applications. Since our inception, we have been involved in the marketing and development of a variety of products and technologies in the digital video arena, such as video CD players, the design of decoder chips, networked video servers that provide near Video-on-Demand, digital Ad-Insertion systems that automatically insert digital video commercials into broadcasting programs, video players for commercial kiosk applications, DVD players under agreements with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) or under the DVS brand name, and other products developed for the computer peripheral market. During fiscal 1997 we completed our initial public offering.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999, we migrated our product offerings into DVD technology, while phasing out certain older discontinued product lines. Beginning in late 1999, due to the global over-supply of DVD-ROM drives, we stopped our production of DVD-ROM drives and devoted our DVD production lines to the production of DVD loaders, which were more profitable and in higher demand during that period. Our current product offerings primarily include DVD loaders and other DVD sub-systems and components.

Acquisition of Hyundai Electronics Industries, Co., LTD's ("Hyundai") DVD operations and formation of DVS Korea ("DVSK").

In June 1998, the Company acquired Hyundai Electronics Industries, Co., LTD's ("Hyundai") DVD operations. The purchase price was $1.0 million cash and 285,714 shares of our common stock. The shares of our common stock were issued to Hyundai in exchange for a perpetual, worldwide, royalty-free license to DVS to Hyundai's DVD technologies and related intellectual properties, subsequently modified to an assignment to the Company. The $1.0 million cash was paid to Hyundai to acquire its production equipment, inventory, production supplies, test equipment, furniture, and computer systems of Hyundai's DVD-ROM operations.

In 1998, we established DVS Korea Co., Ltd ("DVSK"), our (at that time) 100% owned Korean subsidiary with its operations based on the acquired Hyundai assets and operations.

Our prior growth was fueled by an unprecedented global appetite for our primary product, the DVD loader, the chief component of the popular DVD player. The demand for this product soon eclipsed the other items in our product line.

During this phase of advancement, DVSK focused upon two customer driven demands. These were the need to focus engineering expertise on cost-reduction efforts for our prime product, the DVD loader, in order to maximize manufacturing margins, and providing our existing OEM customers with custom design and value engineering options tailored for specific customers. To maintain and enhance our existing core business, addressing these existing customer demands took precedence over the need for new product development.

As our market share in the DVD loader market has shown the expected attrition from encroaching competition, we have sought to diversify through increased emphasis on new products such as the rewritable drive which we expect to sell into the large market and customer base that DVSK has successfully established with our DVD Loader products.

In March 2003, three DVS executives joined the DVSK board of directors to take a more active role in the day-to-day workings of this key subsidiary.

Formation of Shanghai Fangyuan Digital Technology Ltd. ("SFDT")

In late 1999, the Company and Shanghai Industrial Investment Group (SIIG) began negotiations to establish a business relationship for the purpose of manufacturing DVD loaders in Mainland China. The purpose of the Joint Venture in Shanghai China was to allow the Company to take advantage of certain tax savings and lower labor and material costs. Since many DVD player manufacturers are already located in China, the resulting shipping time and cost savings are substantial. As a result of these negotiations, Shanghai Fangyuan Digital Technology Ltd. ("SFDT") was formed. SFDT is 51% owned by our Korean subsidiary, 10% owned directly by DVS, and 39% owned by SIIG.

The manufacturing facilities of SFDT began operations in May 2001. The factory owned by our Joint Venture was vacated in February 2003 and has been leased to TRW Systems Consulting Services as of April 1, 2004. This lease expires on April 1, 2007. Our monthly rental income is $32,197. The rental income covers the expense of the new building (123,000 square feet) being leased by the Joint Venture in the Shanghai Jinqiao Export Processing Zone (EXZ).

In February 2003, the Company made a strategic relocation of its main manufacturing plant in China to a new site in the Shanghai Jinqiao Export Processing Zone (EXZ). The new facility offers approximately 123,000 square feet of space. The monthly rent obligation is $27,549, or approximately $0.23 per square foot. The monthly operating expenses at the new facility will be approximately $2,754, or approximately $0.02 per square foot. The new lease offers 50% more square footage than the former plant at the same or lower cost. The term is 3 years and the total future minimum lease payment under this lease was $0.6 million at December 31, 2003.

Korean Factory Opened

During the fourth quarter of 2001, our Korean subsidiary opened a factory in Korea to produce high end products expected to have greater margins and higher quality control. The Korea factory occupies approximately 39,000 square feet. It is situated in a 155,830 square foot parcel of land. The land is owned by the Korean government, which has granted the Company a 20-year rent-free lease. The building is owned by DVS Korea. The factory can accommodate up to six assembly lines.

Digital Video Systems Korea IPO

In September 2002, our Korean subsidiary (DVSK) successfully completed an offering of 6 million common shares on the KOSDAK (a Korean stock market) with trading beginning on October 1, 2002. The value of the proceeds to the subsidiary were approximately $11 million. The proceeds have been and are being used to fund new product activities including the DVD player for the automobile market and rewritable DVD drives for the computing and home markets.

The Company's ability to realize a higher valuation in Korea ($40 million U.S.) at the time of the IPO was a key factor in its decision to raise capital on the KOSDAQ, and reflects the Company's position as a worldwide supplier in the growing DVD market segment. The offering diluted the parent Company's ownership from 74.6% to 51.4%.

Establishment of DVS Electronics Pvt. Ltd ("DVSE")

In August 2003, we established DVS Electronics Pvt. Ltd ("DVSE"). Located in Bangalore, India, DVSE is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. DVSE's strategy is to become a leading provider of digital video products in India for the consumer and export markets. DVSE is in the process of establishing an end user brand under the DVS marquee for a product offering that includes DVD players and home theatre systems.

DVSE's sales and marketing operations presently consist of over 20 employees in six cities across India, including Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Cochin and Hyderabad. DVSE's headquarters are located in Bangalore. DVSE intends to develop sales channels, including a dealer and distributor network, as well as business to business and alliance initiatives with large corporations. In addition, DVSE is establishing a nationwide after sales support network for its customers.

Throughout 2004, DVSE will be implementing a marketing strategy in India to increase brand awareness and build a sustainable platform for the Company's sales. This is expected to include both mass media advertising and activities such as public relations, direct marketing, promotions and sponsorships of events.

DVSE is currently in the initial stages of establishing a manufacturing capability in India that is intended to serve both the domestic and the export markets for end consumer and component products. DVSE also plans to establish research and development (R&D) and product engineering capabilities in Bangalore, for the development of new products and services for the Indian and global markets.

Our Products

Our current product offerings consist primarily of DVD loaders, DVD players and other DVD sub-systems and components. Currently we are shifting our product development efforts to include recordable DVD loaders, or DVD+RW, for consumer electronics and DVD players and slot loaders for the automotive industry, home and portable markets.

DVD Loaders

We have developed a number of models of DVD loaders with the ATAPI or AV interfaces, which are offered with competitive pricing, quality, functionality and service. The ability to read imperfect discs is an important differentiating factor in this market and we believe that our DVD products have earned an excellent reputation with respect to this factor.

DVD+RW loader - The DRL-100 Recordable ATAPI DVD+RW loader incorporates proprietary DVS technology and is designed to offer accurate recording of digital media with low acoustic noise, superior resistance to shock, and error correction capabilities. The Company believes that this new DVD+RW loader will be used as the key system component by a wide range of recorder/player suppliers.

Automotive DVD Product Line - Products include automotive slot loaders and a range of finished products that include in-dash DVD players, DVD receivers and portable DVD players designed for automobile and home use. Some of the advanced features of the DVS line of automotive DVD units, depending on the model, include: flexible mounting at any angle; superior shock resistance and error correction; multiple media capability (8 cm as well as the standard 12 cm discs); ability to read the full range of DVD, CD, and MP3 formats; slot-in loading; and support for multiple types of input/output connections.

Research and Development

Despite the continued growth in the market for DVD players, the rapid decline in prices paid by end-users has significantly eroded the margins for low-end DVD loaders and may continue to decline. The Company's strategy is to improve margins by moving aggressively into newer market segments, such as DVD slot loaders, DVD recordables and DVD for automotive applications.

During fiscal 2003, our research and development efforts continued to focus on enhancing our DVD technologies, improving product quality, reducing costs of manufacturing, enhancing product functionality, adopting new and improved key components, developing new products, and improving the integration of our products with our customer's products. We have developed more advanced DVD loaders, including a range of slot loaders that are intended for the automobile audio and video market and the home consumer market. We have also developed a DVD-RW loader intended for the home video and PC market. The DVD-RW product enables users to record data to a DVD-RW disc for various applications including the recording of live TV broadcasts, the creation of DVD's made from home videos, high capacity data backups, and the capability of copying VHS tapes (movies) to discs. As of December 31, 2003, we had 51 engineering personnel, some of whom focus on supporting the sales and marketing efforts in connection with customizing product applications for specific customers.

There can be no assurance that our research and development efforts will progress as anticipated or lead to development of successful, that we will be able to reduce costs sufficiently to be able to compete with others marketing similar products or that new product models will be developed on a timely basis.

Sales, Marketing and Distribution

We sell our DVD loaders primarily to OEMs of DVD players that do not independently produce the DVD loaders used in their DVD players. Many of these OEMs are located in China, Turkey, Hong Kong and other countries. China is one of the largest markets for DVD players, and some of the DVD player manufacturers in China have been active in exporting their products outside China at very competitive prices. Some of these DVD player models have been offered in the United States and Europe under other brand names.

Our sales and marketing personnel attend tradeshows to increase the awareness and interest in our product offerings. We employ approximately 10 full time marketing and sales personnel based primarily in South Korea, who travel to other parts of the world, to sell our products to OEM's.

Other Business

MPEG-4

A critical success factor for technology companies in this sector is the ability to judge emerging standards and extrapolate how those new standards will affect the demand and supply for current and future commercial products. DVS believes that the new H.264 or MPEG-4 part 10, as it is otherwise known, is such a standard that will ultimately replace the existing MPEG2 and MPEG4 standards.

The practical implications of H.264, with a 100% or more compression improvement over current MPEG technologies, is that bandwidth and storage requirements can be significantly reduced for future recording standards, broadcasting networks, and cable and satellite TV systems. H.264 is actively being considered for use in emerging High Definition DVD standards.

Jeecom Inc. Licensing Agreement

In November of 2002, the company entered into an exclusive licensing agreement with Jeecom Inc. to develop, market, and sell its existing and future software products aimed at the wireless mobile marketplace. Jeecom MBI (Mobile Business Intelligence) is Jeecom's primary product. It enables users to access and interact with all types of corporate database applications from almost any mobile device, including laptop computers, PDAs, and virtually all mobile phones. Other derivative products are planned to address a variety of specialized and consumer mobile applications. Jeecom Inc. was founded by Dr. Edmund Sun, the Company's Chairman Emeritus. Dr. Sun is the majority owner of Jeecom Inc.

MobileTouch Subsidiaries

In January 2003, the Company created MobileTouch Korea, a wholly owned subsidiary of DVS Korea and MobileTouch USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of DVSI. MobileTouch USA, has actively been developing software and hardware implementations based on H.264 technology.

MobileTouch USA, in partnership with Jeecom Inc., is developing new products and applications directed at the corporate and consumer mobile applications markets and in particular focusing on media-rich applications for the consumer market. This project is part of an ongoing relationship between DVS and Jeecom to develop software that allows mobile wireless users to access data, information, video and audio, and other services from a remote PC. The initial products under development will focus primarily on consumer-oriented entertainment applications allowing mobile wireless users to access photographs, MP3 audio, and video content from their personal computer.

MobileTouch Korea has introduced in Korea an innovative PC-based video conferencing service called PC Ring that enables peer-to-peer video/audio conferencing among groups of two or more users. A key feature of the peer-to-peer technology is the ability to operate seamlessly through network firewalls, and between private networks using NAT (Network Address Translation).

Other research involves implementing the new compression technology in devices capable of supplying HDTV programming on next generation DVD players. To this end, DVS has embarked on a program to create intellectual property that may be used in next generation DVD integrated circuit solutions. Ultimately DVS could further develop this technology into products such as HDTV recorders for home markets.

The company has not generated revenues in connection with the other businesses described above. In addition, there can be no assurance that our new product plans will progress as anticipated, that we will be able to reduce costs sufficiently to be able to compete with others marketing similar products, or that new product models will be developed on a timely basis.

Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret rights, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. As part of our confidentiality procedures, we generally enter into non-disclosure agreements with our employees, distributors and corporate partners and into license agreements with respect to our software, documentation and other proprietary information. In addition, we have patents and design rights granted in the United States and Korea, covering 8 to 17 years. These patents and design rights include areas such as DVD video, DVD ROM, and video recording to hard drive applications. We cannot be certain that these measures will adequately protect our intellectual property rights.

Competition

There are a number of foreign-based electronic manufacturers substantially larger in size and having greater financial, marketing, and other resources than we do, such as Thomson Electronics, Sanyo and Phillips that are competitors or potential competitors with respect to our DVD products. Some competitors may develop alternative technologies to compete with our products. They may also begin operations or expand their existing operations into our market segments.

Our strategy has been to provide each major customer with changes required of our basic design to ensure compatibility with evolving customer specifications. Additionally we have emphasized to our management team that "time to market" is all important and, accordingly, we need to move faster than our competitors.

Employees

At March 15, 2004 we had 248 full time employees, including employees of our subsidiaries. We believe that our future prospects will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain additional management, finance, accounting, marketing, sales, manufacturing, and technical personnel. Competition for such personnel is substantial, and the number of persons with relevant experience is limited. None of our employees is represented by a labor union. We believe that our employee relations are good.

Item 2. Properties

As of March 15, 2004, we had the following facilities leased from third parties, where our executive offices, manufacturing, engineering, research and development and testing facilities are located.

Facility

Location

Size (sq. ft.)

Monthly Rent
(in thousands)

US Main Offices

Palo Alto, CA

3,250

$ 6.3

US Sales Offices

Sunnyvale, CA

2,000

$ 2.3

Korea Main Offices

Sungnam City, Korea

46,628

$ 18.3

MobileTouch Korea Offices

Seoul, Korea

3,652

$ 2.6

China Sales Offices

Shenzhen, China

8,740

$ 4.1

Korea Factory

Pyengtak City, Korea

39,060

$ 1.3

Factory and Warehouse

Shanghai Jinqiao Export Processing Zone, China

123,000

$ 27.5

Sales and Administration Offices (Two)

Bangladore, India

14,500

$ 11.6

We believe these facilities are adequate and suitable to meet our needs for at least the next 12 months. Our principal executive offices are located at 430 Cambridge Avenue, Suite 110, Palo Alto, California 94306 and our telephone number at that location is (650) 322-8108. We were incorporated in Delaware in October 1992.

In February 2004, the Company reached agreement to lease the factory owned by the China joint venture, which was vacated in February 2003. The monthly rent is $32,197 and the lease runs from April 2004 to March 2007. The rental income will cover the rental expense of the new building being leased by the China joint venture.

In February 2003, the Company made a strategic relocation of its main manufacturing plant in China to a new site in the Shanghai Jinqiao Export Processing Zone (EXZ). The new facility offers approximately 123,000 square feet of space. The monthly rent obligation is $27,549, or approximately $0.23 per square foot. The monthly operating expenses at the new facility will be approximately $2,754, or approximately $0.02 per square foot. The new lease offers 50% more square footage than the former plant at the same or lower cost. The term is 3 years and the total future minimum lease payment under this lease was $0.6 million at December 31, 2003.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are from time to time a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. The outcome of any pending legal matters may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

On June 24, 2002, the Company filed a lawsuit in the Santa Clara County Superior Court against Mali Kuo, Michael Chen, Meng Tek Ung and Doe's 1 through 50. The complaint has been served on Mr. Chen and Ms. Kuo but the Company has not yet been able to serve the other named defendants as they are residing outside of the United States. As of December 31, 2002, the Company had received Mr. Chen and Ms. Kuo's counterclaims. The Company has established an accrual of $650,000 for wages and expenses related to prior employment, and believes that it has meritorious defenses to all other claims.

While we have accrued certain amounts for the estimated legal costs associated with defending these matters, there can be no assurance that these cases and other third party assertions will be resolved without costly litigation, in a manner that is not adverse to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows or without requiring royalty payments in the future which may adversely impact gross margins. No estimate can be made of the possible loss or possible range of loss associated with the resolution of these contingencies.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

The Company's annual meeting of stockholders was held on December 19, 2003.

On November 21, 2003 we mailed a Proxy Statement, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to our security holders to solicit their votes regarding the following matters that were discussed at our Annual Meeting:

Election of Directors: Dr. Edmund Y. Sun, Pratap K. Kondamoori, Douglas Watson, John Fuller, Grover T. Wickersham and Venkatapathi N. Rayapati were elected to serve as directors until the 2004 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The votes were as follows:

Nominee

For:

Against:

Abstain:

Dr. Edmund Y. Sun

4,566,819

52,892

--

Pratap K. Kondamoori

4,566,819

52,892

--

Douglas Watson

4,581,819

37,892

--

John Fuller

4,581,819

37,892

--

Grover Wickersham

4,461,819

157,892

--

Venkatapathi N. Rayapati

4,581,819

37,892

--

 

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following table sets forth certain information concerning our executive officers as of March 15, 2004:

Name

Age

Position

Douglas T. Watson

51

Chief Executive Officer and Director

Robert Baker

73

Chief Financial Officer

Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, the Board of Directors. Each executive officer is a full-time employee. There is no family relationship between any of our executive officers or directors.

Management Profile, Corporate Headquarters, Palo Alto, California

Douglas T. Watson, Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Watson has been a member of the DVS Board of Directors since November 1998, the year in which he successfully facilitated a $6 million dollar investment from Oregon Power Institution (OPLI) enabling DVS to acquire the Hyundai Electronics DVD unit, its intellectual property, patents and management team which later became DVS Korea. Watson served on the DVS Executive Committee from November 1998 to March 2002, becoming Chief Executive Officer in February 2002.

Prior to joining DVS, Watson held the role of President and Chief Executive Officer of Astoria Metal Corporation (AMC), a California based ship repair and dismantling firm he founded in 1992. AMC and affiliated companies were responsible for multi-million dollar contracts with major oil and gas companies such as Chevron and BP for oil tanker repair projects and other required assignments. During the 1980's, Watson served in the Far East as a consultant to Exxon Corporation.

Robert Baker, Chief Financial Officer

With experience as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of both public and private companies, Robert Baker has served in his current role of Chief Financial Officer since June 2002. He previously served DVS as Chief Financial Officer from June 1999 to April 2000 and in a consulting capacity for various projects from May 1997 to June 1999.

Mr. Baker's extensive financial career includes holding management positions with General Electric (GE) and IT&T before founding his own company, Baker Associates, Inc., a management consultant firm to the venture capital community.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Small Cap Market under the symbol "DVID." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Small Cap Market for each quarter within the last two years.

 

Common Stock

 

High

Low

Fiscal 2003

 

 

First quarter

$ 3.00

$ 1.57

Second quarter

2.72

1.50

Third quarter

3.13

1.50

Fourth quarter

3.20

1.75

Fiscal 2002

 

 

First quarter

$ 4.46

$ 2.45

Second quarter

3.25

0.98

Third quarter

2.95

1.05

Fourth quarter

4.60

2.05

________

On March 26, 2004, the last reported sale price for the common stock was $1.56 per share.

Holders of Common Stock

As of March 26, 2004, there were approximately 223 holders of record of our common stock. This number does not reflect the number of beneficial holders of the common stock, which we believe is more than 3,000.

Dividends

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. At present, we intend to retain any earnings for use in our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the quarter ended December 31, 2003, the Company issued the following unregistered securities:

In October 2003, the Company issued an aggregate of 67,313 shares of common stock to two warrant holders who exercised previously issued warrants. Of these warrants, 30,000 were exercised at $1.50 per share and 37,313 warrants were exercised at $1.34 per share.

In November 2003, the Company issued an aggregate of 187,500 shares of common stock to two warrant holders who exercised previously issued warrants at $1.00 per share. Also in November 2003, 344,222 shares to four parties in consideration for services rendered, as follows: (i) 50,000 shares at $2.521 per share; (ii) 76, 080 shares at $2.48 per share; (iii) 168,142 shares at $2.48; and (iv) 50,000 shares at $1.58 per shares.

In December 2003, the Company issued an aggregate of 106,157 shares of common stock to three warrant holders who exercised previously issued warrants. Of these warrants, 37,500 were exercised at $1.00 per share; (ii) 50,000 were exercised at $1.65 per share; and 18,657 were exercised at $1.34 per share.

The above transactions were exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as transactions not involving a public offering.

The cash proceeds received by the Company from the above transactions were used to fund ongoing operations and working capital requirements.

Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 

Fiscal Year
Ended
December 31,

Fiscal Year
Ended
December 31,

Fiscal Year
Ended
December 31,

Nine Month
Fiscal Period
Ended
December 31,

Fiscal Year Ended March 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

2000

2000

 

(In thousands, except per share data)

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

 

 

 

 

 

Net revenue

$89,133

$157,214

$159,871

$73,103

$60,292

Gross profit

3,588

11,285

14,076

10,110

7,783

Research and development

5,769

3,043

2,503

2,493

2,492

Sales and marketing

2,684

2,907

2,173

1,902

1,828

General and administrative

7,276

7,054

7,612

3,467

5,639

Gain (loss) from operations

(12,141)

(1,719)

1,788

2,248

(2,176)

Income (loss) before income tax provisions and minority interests

(13,093)

(3,982)

1,895

2,226

1,198

Net income (loss)

(8,345)

(2,991)

868

1,148

861

Net income (loss) per share (1):

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

$(1.15)

$(0.50)

$0.16

$0.25

$0.20

Diluted

$(1.15)

$(0.50)

$0.14

$0.21

$0.20

Weighted average number of shares outstanding

7,266

5,979

6,146

5,419

4,363

 

December 31,

March 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

2000

2000

 

(In thousands, except per share data)

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

$45,732

$59,458

$34,892

$22,400

$15,657

Current liabilities

44,720

48,086

29,896

19,977

15,521

Working capital

1,012

11,372

4,996

2,423

136

Total assets

58,771

71,427

45,636

30,008

22,975

Long-term obligations

-

96

1,753

1,560

768

Total liabilities

44,720

48,182

31,648

21,537

17,375

Additional paid in capital

77,650

73,334

71,350

69,020

68,088

Accumulated deficit

(73,306)

(64,961)

(61,970)

(62,838)

(63,986)

Total stockholders equity

5,865

9,811

9,111

6,683

5,600

  1. See Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for an explanation of the determination of the number of shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. Except for historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, that involve risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, statements with respect to the Company's strategy, expected operating results, including gross margins, expected liquidity needs, prospects for raising funds and anticipated inventory and receivable turns, proposed introduction of new products, including anticipated features, functionality and timing thereof, expected impact on our gross margins for such new product introductions, sales of the Company's products, the markets for the Company's products, and the development of the Company's products. The Company's actual results may differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, faster than expected declines in the average selling prices of our products, a lack of market acceptance of DVD loaders and other Company products, including our new recordable DVD loader and products for the automotive industry, lack of availability of working capital, planned growth of the Company's operations, dependence on a limited number of suppliers of certain components used in the Company's operations, risks associated with rapid technological change and obsolescence and product development, timeliness of new product introductions, conducting business in foreign countries, such as China, South Korea and India, the competitive market for the Company's products and other factors described in this report under "Factors That May Affect Future Results," as well as other documents the Company has filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A significant portion of the Company's revenue and net income is derived from international sales, particularly from customers based in Asia. Fluctuation of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies and changes in local regulatory or economic conditions, among other things, could adversely affect operating results.

Overview

During the year ended December 31, 2003, the average unit selling price of DVD loaders sold to OEM DVD player manufacturers continued to decline to a level at which the Company determined that it would no longer be able to generate acceptable margins on these products. Accordingly, the Company has focused on developing products with higher margins. Moreover, many of our larger customers have initiated their own DVD loader manufacturing operations thus precipitating a significant reduction in units shipped and resulting revenues.

In response to these actions, we have been supplying sub assemblies, such as mechanisms and/or printed circuit boards, to these companies. These sub-assemblies have a unit selling price that is significantly lower than an assembled DVD loader, thus also having the effect of reducing revenue. Although these products enjoy relatively higher margins, these margins have also been declining. To a certain extent, we have migrated our product offerings to these sub assemblies during the second half of 2003. Moreover, we will continue to seek high end users, such as home theater system providers, that will pay a premium for the increased functionality and reliability of our DVD loader products.

This rapid and very abrupt reduction of loaders shipped coupled with the continuing decline in the pricing of loaders and components of loaders has resulted in an approximately 43% decrease in our annual revenue from approximately $157 million in 2002 to approximately $89 million in 2003. We have had to rebalance our inventory as a result of this change in demand for our current loader products and have written down about $1 million for inventory that appeared to be in excess of our requirements in 2004. A further complicating factor which has impacted our cost of goods sold are inventory shortages identified in the evaluation of our physical inventory taken by our Korean subsidiary at year-end. At this point we believe these shortages are a result of errors in the new inventory system implemented in the year 2003. The impact of these shortages is about $3 million in the quarter ended December 31, 2003 for an aggregate inventory impact of approximately $4.0 million in that quarter.

As reported in our previous periodic reports, the product engineering group has been working extended schedules to bring out new and innovative product in both the rewritable DVD drive for the computing and audio markets and DVD players and loaders for the automotive market and the home portable market. As a result, our R&D expenses have increased almost twofold in absolute dollar terms compared to the year 2002 with spending in 2003 totaling $5.8 million, compared to $3.0 million in 2002. As a result of these efforts we have developed the following products:

DVD+R/+RW recordable loader - Designed to offer highly accurate recording of digital media with low acoustic noise, superior resistance to shock and patented error correction capabilities.

AM/FM/DVD Receiver with fixed face. - In-dash car DVD video playback support for both 8cm and 12cm disks Dolby Pro Logic Coaxial output, and in.

Portable DVD Player - Super Slim Size with 3 three available faces. All have slot in loading mechanisms, mounting at any angle, color fluorescent displays and many other features and options available:

As reflected above we have diversified our product offerings and sales and gross margins should show a positive impact from these efforts in the first two quarters of 2004.

The Company is now working to raise funds to meet working capital requirements worldwide. Working capital at December 31, 2003 of $1.0 million is down from $11.4 million at December 31, 2002. Our operations in the United States will require the raising of additional capital within the next twelve months in order to meet anticipated capital requirements. If we are not successful in raising capital, we may not meet our financial obligations, and may have to curtail or cease our operations.

Results of Operations

The table that follows summarizes the impact of these factors on the Company's financial results (in millions):

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

 

(In thousands)

Revenues

$ 89.1

$ 157.2

$ 159.9

Gross margin

3.6

11.3

14.1

Research and development

5.8

3.1

2.5

Sales and marketing

2.7

2.9

2.2

General and administrative

7.3

7.0

7.6

Operating (loss) income

(12.1)

(1.7)

1.8

Net (loss) income

(8.3)

(3.0)

0.9

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2002

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain income and expense items expressed as a percentage of the Company's total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002, and 2001. Please see our Consolidated Financial Statements of Operations and Item 6 Selected Consolidated Financial Data for additional details.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

 

(Percent of revenue)

Revenues

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

Gross margin

4.0%

7.2%

8.8%

Research and development

6.4%

1.9%

1.6%

Sales and marketing

3.0%

1.8%

1.4%

General and administrative

8.2%

4.5%

4.8%

Operating income (loss)

(13.6)%

(1.1)%

1.1%

Net income

(9.4)%

(1.9)%

0.5%

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

 

(In thousands)

Consolidated revenue

$89,133

$157,214

$159,871

As set forth above, total revenue in the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2003 was $89.1 million, about 43% less than the $157.2 million for the twelve-month period in 2002. The decrease in total revenue is primarily attributable to erosion of average selling prices for our products and the shift by many large customers to in-house loader manufacturing requiring only certain lower price components from the Company. Overseas sales represented over 95% of revenue for each of the past three years. During the year ended December 31, 2003, Ellion Digital, in which certain DVSK employees, officers and directors have a significant ownership interest, Daewoo, and Vestal each accounted for more than 10% of our revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2002, Vestel was the only customer which accounted for over 10% of revenues. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2001, SIIG, our joint venture partner in China, was our only customer which accounted for over 10% of revenues.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

 

(In thousands)

Gross margin

$3,588

$11,285

$14,076

As a percentage of revenue

4.0%

7.2%

8.8%

The rapid decline in gross margin rates during the year 2002 and 2003 is almost entirely attributable to the decline in the selling prices of DVD loaders during these periods.

During the fiscal year ending December 31, 2003, we experienced continued pricing decline, in our loaders for the DVD Player market, of about 10-12% as compared to 2002 levels as competition continues to intensify in the Company's customer base and the DVD loader/player market. While we anticipate that our new product introductions will help to reduce the impact of this trend on our operating margins, should new product prices experience the same level of reduction in the near term, our total margins will not improve, and our results of operations and financial position will be significantly harmed.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

 

(In thousands)

Research and development

$5,769

$3,043

$2,503

As a percentage of revenue

6.4%

1.9%

1.6%

Our research and development expenses consist of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in ongoing research, design, and development activities and providing our existing OEM customers with custom design and value engineering options to meet their specific needs. R&D spending increased 90% or $2.7 million over 2002, primarily due to additional engineers and support staff added in the second half of 2003 to accelerate the development of new product programs and to initiate MobileTouch Korea's R&D plan With respect to our research and development efforts, we expect to continue spending at about the same rate in absolute dollar terms during 2004 as we invest heavily in R&D personnel and engineers.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

 

(In thousands)

Sales and marketing

$2,684

$2,907

$2,173

As a percentage of revenue

3.0%

1.8%

1.4%

Sales and marketing expense is comprised primarily of employee related expenses, export freight and insurance, and advertising/promotional costs. The Company has sales and marketing organizations in Korea, China and in the United States. These organizations have been moderately reduced in size from the prior year but still reflect the increases of 2002 which were necessary due to the shift away from major distributors (Hyundai in Korea and SIIG in China) used in prior years.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2001

 

2003

2002

2001

(In thousands)

General and administrative

$7,276

$7,054

$7,612

As a percentage of revenue

8.2%

4.5%

4.8%

General and administrative expenses increased in the year ended December 31, 2003 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2002 by 3% or $0.2 million. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative salaries and benefits, insurance, facility, legal, accounting, investor relations and other business support costs. The moderate increase reflects primarily the initial formation of our Indian subsidiary while also maintaining our infrastructure as we transition to new products offerings.

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2002 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2001

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain income and expense items expressed as a percentage of the Company's total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2002, and 2001. Please see our Consolidated Financial Statements of Operations for additional details.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2002

2001

 

(percent of revenue)

Revenues

100.0%

100.0%

Gross margin

7.2%

8.8%

Research and development

1.9%

1.6%

Sales and marketing

1.8%

1.4%

General and administrative

4.5%

4.8%

Operating income(loss)

(1.1)%

1.1%

Net income

(1.9)%

0.5%

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2002

2001

 

(in thousands)

Consolidated revenue

$157,214

$159,871

As set forth above, total revenue in the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2002 was $157.2 million, about 1.7% less than the $159.9 million for the twelve-month period in 2001. The decrease in total revenue is primarily attributed to erosion of average selling prices for our products. Overseas sales represented over 95% of revenue for the twelve-months ended December 31, 2002, as was the case for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2001. During the year ended December 31, 2002, Vestel was the only customer which accounted for over 10% of sales. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2001, SIIG, our joint venture partner in China, was our only customer which accounted for over 10% of sales. As mentioned previously, unit sales during 2002 more than doubled over 2001, with 4.9 million units shipped in 2002, as compared to 2.2 million units shipped in 2001.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2002

2001

 

(in thousands)

Gross margin

$11,285

$14,076

as a percentage of revenue

7.2%

8.8%

The rapid decline in gross margin rates during the years 2001 and 2002 is almost entirely attributable to the decline in the selling prices of DVD loaders during these periods. Using the average selling price of December 2000 as the base period (100%), the following rates of decline occurred with respect to our margins:

 

 

% to Base (100%) Period

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Year 2001

80%

76%

65%

57%

Year 2002

51%

48%

46%

41%

In the fourth quarter of 2002 the average selling price of a DVD loader was only 41% of what it was in December of 2000, a reduction of 59%. The average selling price declined 43% in the year 2001 and 28% in the year 2002.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2002

2001

 

(in thousands)

Research and development

$3,043

$2,503

as a percentage of revenue

1.9%

1.6%

Our research and development expenses consist of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in ongoing research, design, and development activities and providing our existing OEM customers with custom design and value engineering options to meet their specific needs. R&D spending increased 20%, or $0.5 million over 2001, particularly in the second half of the fiscal year as additional engineers and support staff were added to accelerate the development of new product programs and to initiate MobileTouch Korea's R&D efforts on the mobile phone hardware platform.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2002

2001

 

(in thousands)

Sales and marketing

$2,907

$2,173

as a percentage of revenue

1.8%

1.4%

Sales and marketing expense is comprised primarily of employee related expenses, export freight and insurance, and advertising/promotional costs. The Company has sales and marketing organizations in Korea, China and in the United States. These organizations have been significantly expanded due to the shift away from our major distributors (Hyundai in Korea and SIIG in China) used in prior years. As a result, overall spending for sales and marketing increased 34%, or $0.7 million over 2001.

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2002

2001

 

(in thousands)

 

General and administrative

$7,054

$7,612

as a percentage of revenue

4.5%

4.8%

General and administrative expenses decreased in the year ended December 31, 2002 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2001 by 7%, or $0.6 million. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative salaries and benefits, insurance, facility, legal, accounting, investor relations and other business support costs. As reflected in the table above, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue remained essentially constant when compared to the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2001.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2003 the Company had $12.6 million of cash and cash equivalents of which $6.2 million was restricted as collateral for lines of credit.

Our operating activities used cash of $2.6 million during 2003. We experienced a net loss in 2003 of $8.3 million, adjusted by the non-cash reduction in the majority interest of the investors of our Korean Subsidiary (DVSK) and Chinese joint venture, totaling $4.9 million, which was partially offset by the non-cash impact of depreciation and amortization of $2.4 million, the issuance of common stock for services provided with a fair value of $0.1 million and the increase of allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.8 million. Cash provided by operating activities in 2003 was provided by a reduction in accounts receivable of $7.9 million partially offset by a $3.2 million account receivable from a related party. Net inventory was reduced by $1.1 million which included accounting adjustments of approximately $4.0 million, as the Company adjusted to the significant and abrupt change in the market demand for DVD loaders now being manufactured by the DVD player providers. Reduction in accounts payable of $1.1 million were made during the year 2003 attributable to a reduction in expenditures during the year.

Inventory turn and receivables turn for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 were as follows:

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

Inventory turn

3.3 X

8.3 X

Receivable turn

10.8 X

24.6 X

We currently expect that for the year 2004, inventories will turn at a slightly higher rate than in the previous twelve-month period. Receivable turns in the year 2004, however, are likely to be lower than in the previous twelve-month period due to the competitive market, which will likely require the Company to extend open credit terms to maintain and attract customers.

Net cash used in investing activities was $4.3 million, of which $4.3 was for plant and equipment. Of the $4.3 million spent, $3.4 million was in our Korean facilities. DVSK spent $1.9 million, which was used for molds (tooling) for new products introduced in 2003, $0.7 million on building additions, $0.6 on machinery and fixtures, and other items totaling $0.2 million. Additionally, the China joint venture acquired plant equipment totaling $0.8 million and the remaining $0.1 million was spent by our U.S. and Indian operations. The remaining $0.3 used in investing activities was a required increase in restricted cash by our Korean bank lenders.

During 2003, net cash provided by financing activities was $1.3 million, with $1.4 million in proceeds from the sale of stock in July 2003, proceeds from bridge loans of $0.3 million and the exercise of warrants totaling $0.4 million. Offsetting payments included of $0.6 million by our China joint venture on their working capital loan, and $0.3 million payment by our Korean subsidiary in paying off their long-term note.

In July 2003, the Company sold 1,293,643 common stock units in a private placement resulting in net proceeds of $1.4 million, including the conversion of the bridge loans issued in June and July 2003. Each unit consists of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $2.80 per share. The warrants become exercisable beginning in January 2004 and expire in July 2006. The Company has the right to redeem any unexercised warrants for $0.10 per warrant upon 30 days notice, if the underlying shares have been registered and the Company's common stock has a closing sales price over $3.50 per share for the ten consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market.

In February 2003, the Company made a strategic relocation of its main manufacturing plant in China to a new site in the Shanghai Jinqiao Export Processing Zone (EXZ). The new facility offers approximately 123,000 square feet of space. The monthly rent obligation is $27,549, or approximately $0.23 per square foot. The monthly operating expenses at the new facility will be approximately $2,754, or approximately $0.02 per square foot. The new lease offers 50% more square footage than the former plant at the same or lower cost. The term is 3 years and the total future minimum lease payment under this lease was $0.3 million for 2004 and 2005.

The factory owned by our joint venture of 73,000 square feet was vacated in February 2003 and has been leased to TRW Systems Consulting Services as of April 1,2004. This lease expires on April 1, 2007. Monthly rental income from this lease is $32,197. The rental income exceeds the expense of the new building (123,000 square feet) being leased by the joint venture in the Shanghai Jinqiao Export Processing Zone (EXZ).

Our working capital is $1.0 million at December 31, 2003, as compared to $11.4 at December 31, 2002. Our bank lines in Korea have been reduced as of March 25, 2004 to $30.5 million, consistent with our current operating levels and reflecting concern over our losses in 2003. We believe that the banks line will be increased but will most likely require an infusion of equity and/or debt subordinate to existing bank debt to fund our operations.

Our operations in the United States will require the raising of additional capital within the next twelve months in order to meet currently anticipated capital requirements and the Company is currently in discussions with investors and investment firms and hopes to have agreements reached for this funding during the second quarter of 2004. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If we do not raise additional capital, we may not be able to meet our financial obligations, and may have to cease or curtail our operations or consider certain asset sales.

In January 2004, we sold 1,212,121 shares of our common stock to a group of investors for $1.65 per share. The gross proceeds to us were approximately $2.0 million. We have applied a portion of the proceeds for initial funding of DVS Electronics, Pvt. Ltd., our subsidiary in India.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations at December 31, 2003, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.

 

Payments Due by Period (in 000's)

Contractual Obligations

Total

Less Than 1 Year

1-3 Years

4-5 Years

After 5 Years

Operating lease obligations

$1,683

$661

$799

$30

$193

Line of Credit

26,051

26,051

-

-

-

Notes payable

3,663

3,663

-

-

-

Total Contractual Obligations

$31,397

$30,375

$799

$30

$193

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company had no "Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements" (as defined by Item 303 of Regulation S-K) at December 31, 2003.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") issued Interpretation No. 46 ("FIN 46"), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51". FIN 46 requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. FIN 46 is effective immediately for all new variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 have been delayed and currently apply to the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after December 15, 2003. We do not have any entities as of December 31, 2003 that will require disclosure or new consolidation as a result of adopting the provisions of FIN 46.

In May 2003, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 150 ("SFAS" 150), "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity". SFAS 150 establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. It requires that an issuer classify a financial instrument that is within its scope as a liability (or an asset in certain circumstances). Many of these instruments were previously classified as equity. Although some of the provisions of this statement are consistent with the current definition of liabilities in FASB Concepts Statement No. 6, "Elements of Financial Statements", the remainder is consistent with FASB's intention to revise that definition to encompass certain obligations that a reporting entity can or must settle by issuing its own shares. This statement is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003 and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. We adopted SFAS 150 effective July 1, 2003. The adoption of SFAS 150 did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Critical Accounting Policies

Management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to product returns, accounts receivable, inventories, investments, intangible assets, income taxes, warranty obligations, restructuring, contingencies and litigation. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. These estimates and judgments are reviewed by senior management on an ongoing basis, and by the Audit Committee at the end of each quarter prior to the public release of our financial results. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Net revenues include product and component sales. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. These criteria are met at the time the product is shipped to the customer. Shipping terms are freight on board shipping point. Returns and discounts on sales are deducted from revenue upon issuance of a credit memo. Returns for products under warranty are repaired and returned to the customer at the Company's cost. The Company provides for an estimate of costs that may be incurred under its warranty at the time product revenue is recognized. The Company had a warranty reserve of $54,000 and $130,000 at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers or channel partners were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowance may be required.

Excess and Obsolete Inventory

We write down our excess and obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future product life-cycles, product demand, and market conditions. If actual product life cycles, product demand and market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

Deferred Taxes

We estimate our actual current tax exposure together with our temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance. At December 31, 2003 we had provided a valuation allowance for the entire amount of tax assets net of tax liabilities. To the extent that we increase or decrease a valuation allowance in a period, the resulting expense or benefit is included within the tax provision. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets.

Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangibles

We assess the impairment of goodwill and other identifiable intangibles annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Significant under performance relative to projected operating result, changes is the manner of our use of the acquired assets and significant negative industry or economic trends are the more significant indicators that we consider. Any resulting impairment loss could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. The Company wrote off $175,000 of goodwill after performing an impairment assessment in 2002.

Determining Functional Currencies for the Purpose of Consolidation

Our majority owned Korean subsidiary and Chinese joint venture represent the vast majority of our revenues, assets, and liabilities at December 31, 2003. In preparing our consolidated statements, we are required to translate the financial statements of the foreign entity from the currency in which they keep their accounting records, generally the local currency, into United States dollars. This process results in exchange gains and losses which, under the relevant accounting guidance are either included within the statement of operations or as a separate part of our net equity under the caption "cumulative translation adjustment."

RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. The risks described below are not the only ones facing our company. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business operations. Our business could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks and you may lose all or part of your investment. In assessing these risks, you should also refer to the other information contained or incorporated by reference herein, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Our capital resources may not be sufficient to meet our capital requirements.

Since our inception, we have periodically experienced negative cash flow from operations and could experience significant negative cash flow from operations in the future. Our current and future capital requirements are substantial, and we cannot be certain that cash generated from operations will be sufficient or that financing will be available at favorable terms when required, or at all. We have experienced significant shortages in our cash flows and have experienced difficulties in funding our operating expenses and paying our creditors. We believe our current capital resources are insufficient to meet currently anticipated capital requirements over the next 12 months, so if we are not successful in raising capital, we may not meet our financial obligations to our creditors when they become due or we may have to curtail or cease certain operations.

Our operating results fluctuate significantly, and an unanticipated decline in revenue or earnings may disappoint investors or securities analysts and result in a decline in our stock price.

In addition to the losses incurred in the year ended December 31, 2003 and during the year ended December 31, 2002, we have incurred substantial net losses in the past, as recently as, among others, fiscal years ended March 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997. We also expect to generate losses as we invest heavily in personnel and engineers in connection with our research and development efforts related to new product development during 2004. Our recent quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated, and will continue to fluctuate, due to the following factors, all of which are difficult to forecast and many of which are not within our control:

  • market acceptance of our new products;
  • ability of our customers to complete their development of their products which incorporate our products;
  • recent trends by current and former customers to implement their own DVD loader manufacturing operations, and whether entities that do so continue to buy sub-assemblies from us;
  • the availability, timely delivery and cost of components from our suppliers;
  • fluctuations in manufacturing yields and significant yield losses which affect our ability to fulfill orders;
  • new product announcements and introductions for competing products by us or our competitors;
  • competitive pressures and related changes in selling prices;
  • the rate at which our products become obsolete;
  • unpredictability of changes in demand for, or in the mix of, our products;
  • the gain or loss of significant customers;
  • changes in the channels through which our products are distributed and the timeliness of receipt of distributor resale information;
  • exchange rate fluctuations;
  • general economic, political and environmental-related conditions, such as natural disasters;
  • difficulties in forecasting, planning and management of inventory levels, which may trigger lower of cost or market inventory adjustments;
  • unanticipated research and development expenses associated with new product introductions;
  • the timing of significant orders and of license and royalty revenue; and
  • the seasonality in our business.

A downturn in the market for consumer products such as personal computers and DVD players that incorporate our products can also harm our operating results. In addition, some of our customers may place orders at or near the end of a quarter. As a result, we may not learn of revenue shortfalls until late in a quarter and may not be able to predict future revenues with accuracy. Additionally, a large portion of our costs consist of salaries for personnel and materials that must be ordered several months in advance. These costs are based in part on our expectations for future revenues and are relatively fixed in the short term. As a result, any revenue shortfall below expectations would likely harm our operating results.

Our growth and future profitability depend upon our ability to successfully develop and commercialize new DVD products, as well as market acceptance of such products.

During the last three years, a substantial amount of our revenues have been generated by the DVD product line, which is central to our growth strategy. The market for this line of products has experienced intense competition and is highly price sensitive. We have recently experienced a declining rate of revenues from sales of our DVD loaders as a result of a decrease in demand from our customers. The average unit selling price for our DVD loader products has decreased and we expect it to continue to decrease in the foreseeable future. Unless we obtain an equally reduced cost of revenues, our gross margins will continue to decline. Successful development and commercialization of new products, as well as market acceptance of such products, is essential to our growth and future profitability. While we are currently developing and introducing new products in this product line, we cannot assure you that these products will reach the market in a timely manner, satisfactorily address customer needs, be sold in high volume, or be sold at profitable margins. In addition, we expect to invest heavily in research and development personnel and engineers during 2004.

We may require additional capital in order to bring new products to market, and the issuance of new equity securities will dilute your investment in our common stock.

To permit the growth of our business operations in the future, we may need to bring new products to market, which will likely require significant working capital. We have established credit facilities with certain Korean banks with a total borrowing limit of about $44 million as of December 31, 2003. In March 2004, credit lines were reduced to a total of $30 million consistent with our recent reduction in revenues and losses sustained in 2003. We have also formed alliances with state-run businesses in China, which have committed to substantial amounts of trade credit and financing for production in China under certain terms. However, there is no assurance that these credit facilities will always be available. We will likely need to sell shares of our common stock or seek additional borrowings or outside capital infusions in the next twelve months. We cannot assure you that such financing options will be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, if we issue shares of our common stock, our shareholders will experience dilution with respect to their investment.

We depend on a limited number of foreign suppliers to manufacture certain key components, and these manufacturers may not be able to satisfy our requirements, which could cause our revenues to decline.

We currently buy certain key components, including optical pick-ups, motors, central processing units and certain other integrated circuits from a limited number of suppliers including Zoran, Mediatech, and Hitachi. We anticipate that these suppliers will manufacture sufficient quantities of these key components to meet our production requirements. If these suppliers fail to satisfy our requirements on a timely basis and at competitive prices, we could suffer manufacturing delays, a possible loss of revenues or higher than anticipated costs of revenues, any of which could seriously harm our operating results. Any constraints on worldwide manufacturing capacity of these key components may affect our ability to obtain adequate supplies from these manufacturers. Although our on-going relationships with our key suppliers are material in the aggregate, we do not have any specific agreement with any supplier that is material to our business. We purchase materials from suppliers on an as-needed basis through individual purchase orders, none of which is material to our business or results of operations. In certain instances, we have failed to meet the demand for our products or the scheduled shipment dates due to our inability to obtain a sufficient supply of certain key components from our suppliers. The suppliers with which we are currently working with, together with any additional supplier at which capacity might be obtained, may not be willing or able to satisfy all of our manufacturing requirements on a timely basis at favorable prices. In addition, we have encountered delays in qualifying new products and increasing new product production and could experience these delays in the future. We are also subject to the risks of service disruptions, raw material shortages and price increases by our suppliers. Such disruptions, shortages and price increases could seriously harm our operating results.

If we are unable to increase our manufacturing capacity, we may not achieve our planned growth.

Notwithstanding our recent expansion efforts, in order to grow, we need to increase our present manufacturing capacity. Events that we have not foreseen could arise which would limit our manufacturing capacity. In addition, if we cannot satisfactorily increase our manufacturing capacity, our ability to grow will be severely impaired and this may harm our operating results.

Our financing requirements will increase in order to obtain additional manufacturing capacity in the future.

To obtain additional manufacturing capacity, we may be required to make deposits, equipment purchases, loans, joint ventures, equity investments or technology licenses in or with other companies. These transactions could involve a commitment of substantial amounts of our capital and technology licenses in return for production capacity. We may be required to seek additional debt or equity financing if we need substantial capital in order to secure this capacity and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

If we or our suppliers fail to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields, we will experience higher costs of revenues and reduced product availability.

The fabrication of our products requires certain components produced in a highly controlled and clean environment. Companies that supply our components sometimes have experienced problems achieving acceptable manufacturing yields. Low yields may result from marginal design or manufacturing process drift. Yield problems may not be identified until the components are well into the production process, which often makes them difficult, time consuming and costly to correct. Furthermore, we rely on overseas suppliers of certain key components, which increases the effort and time required to identify, communicate and resolve manufacturing yield problems. If our suppliers fail to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields, we will experience higher costs of revenues and reduced product availability, which would harm our operating results.

If our suppliers discontinue the manufacturing processes or lines needed to meet our demands, or fail to upgrade the technologies needed to manufacture our products, we may face production delays and lower revenues.

Our products' requirements may represent a small portion of the total production of the suppliers that manufacture our components. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a supplier may cease production on an older or lower-volume manufacturing process that it uses to produce our parts. Additionally, we cannot be certain our suppliers will continue to devote resources to advance the production technologies on which the manufacturing of our parts is based. Each of these events could increase our costs and harm our ability to deliver our products on time.

Our operating expenses are relatively fixed, and we order materials in advance of anticipated customer demand; therefore, we have limited ability to reduce expenses quickly in response to any revenue shortfalls.

Our operating expenses are relatively fixed, and we therefore have limited ability to reduce expenses quickly in response to any revenue shortfalls. Consequently, our operating results will be harmed if our revenues do not meet our revenue projections. We may experience revenue shortfalls for the following reasons:

  • significant pricing pressures that occur due to competition, over-supply, or other reasons;
  • sudden shortages of raw materials or fabrication, test or assembly capacity constraints that lead our suppliers to allocate available supplies or capacity to other customers which, in turn, harm our ability to meet our sales obligations; and
  • the reduction, rescheduling or cancellation of customer orders.

In addition, we typically plan our production and inventory levels based on customers' advance orders, commitments or forecasts, as well as our internal assessment and forecasts of customer demand, which are highly unpredictable and can fluctuate substantially, especially if competition becomes more intense or the demand is reduced due to seasonal or other factors. From time to time, in response to anticipated long lead times to obtain inventory and materials from our suppliers, we may order materials in advance of anticipated customer demand. This advance ordering may result in excess inventory levels or unanticipated inventory write-downs if expected orders fail to materialize.

Because our products typically have lengthy sales cycles, we may experience substantial delays between incurring expenses related to research and development and the generation of revenues.

It usually requires a number of months to realize volume shipments after we first contact a customer. We first work with customers to achieve a design win, which may take months or longer. Our customers then complete the design, testing and evaluation process and begin to ramp up production, over a period which typically lasts months or longer. As a result, a significant period of time may elapse between the time we incur expenses from our research and development efforts and our realization of revenue, if any, from volume purchasing of our products by our customers.

We face intense competition from companies with significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources that could adversely affect our ability to maintain or increase sales of our products.

We compete with major international electronics companies, many of which have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution, and other resources than we do. Many of our competitors have their own facilities for the production of semiconductor components and have been active in increasing their market shares and their capacity for the production of competing products. Our DVD products presently account for substantially all of our revenues. Our competitors or potential competitors include Hitachi, Toshiba, Sony, Pioneer, Teac, Sanyo, Samsung, Philips, LG, and many others. Some of our competitors or potential competitors are also suppliers of key components for some of our products. In these cases, our competitors may have divisions making competing DVD products that have access to some of our proprietary information through the divisions supplying components to us, or exert influence on the parts supplying divisions in ways that may adversely affect our parts supply. These actions would adversely affect our competitiveness and sales. Competition may also come from alternative technologies being developed by these companies.

Our markets are subject to rapid technological change and, therefore, our success depends on our ability to develop and introduce new products.

The markets for our products are characterized by:

  • rapidly changing technologies;
  • evolving and competing industry standards;
  • changing customer needs;
  • frequent new product introductions and enhancements;
  • increased integration with other functions; and
  • rapid product obsolescence.

To develop new products for our target markets, we must develop, gain access to and use leading technologies in a cost-effective and timely manner and continue to expand our technical and design expertise. In addition, we must have our products designed into our customers' future products and maintain close working relationships with key customers in order to develop new products that meet their changing needs. In addition, DVD products involve continually evolving industry standards. Our ability to compete will depend on our ability to identify and ensure compliance with these industry standards. As a result, we could be required to invest significant time and effort and incur significant expense to redesign our products and ensure compliance with relevant standards. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify new product opportunities successfully, develop and bring to market new products, achieve design wins or respond effectively to new technological changes or product announcements by our competitors. In addition, we may not be successful in developing or using new technologies or in developing new products or product enhancements that achieve market acceptance. Our pursuit of necessary technological advances may require substantial time and expense. Failure in any of these areas could harm our operating results.

Our future success depends in part on the continued service of our key design engineering, sales, marketing and executive personnel and our ability to identify, recruit and retain additional personnel.

We are highly dependent on our principal management and engineering staff. There is intense competition for qualified personnel in our industry, in particular the highly skilled technical personnel involved in the development of DVD technologies and the production of DVD products. Competition is especially intense in Silicon Valley, where our corporate headquarters are located, and in South Korea, where our DVD products have been designed and where most of our manufacturing takes place. We may not be able to continue to attract and retain engineers or other qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business or to replace engineers or other qualified personnel who may leave our employ in the future. Our business is expected to place increased demands on our resources and will likely require the addition of new management and engineering personnel and the development of additional expertise by existing management personnel. The failure to recruit and retain key technical and management personnel could harm our business.

Our ability to compete successfully will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights, and we may be unable to do so.

We rely on a combination of patent, trade secrets, copyright and mask work production laws and rights, nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our intellectual property rights. Policing unauthorized use of our products, however, is difficult, especially in foreign countries, such as China and South Korea, where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. Litigation may continue to be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could harm our business, operating results and financial condition regardless of the outcome of the litigation. We have acquired ownership or license to a number of patents or patent applications related to our products. However, we cannot assure you that any pending patent application will be granted, or that such patents will provide adequate protection for our intellectual property. Since our competitors may design around our patents or otherwise independently develop competing technology, our operating results would be seriously harmed by the failure to protect our intellectual property.

If we are accused of infringing the intellectual property rights of other parties we may become subject to time-consuming and costly litigation. If we lose such litigation, we could suffer a significant impact on our business and be forced to pay damages.

Third parties may assert that our products infringe their proprietary rights, or may assert claims for indemnification resulting from infringement claims against us. Any such claims may cause us to delay or cancel shipment of our products or pay damages, which could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, irrespective of the validity or the successful assertion of such claims, we could incur significant costs in defending against such claims. In addition, we receive from time to time letters or communications from other companies stating that such companies have patent rights relating to our products. Any legal finding that we infringe the patent of another company would have a significantly negative effect on our operating results. Furthermore, if such a finding were made, there can be no assurance that we could license the other company's technology on commercially reasonable terms or that we could successfully operate without such technology. Moreover, if we are found to infringe, we could be required to pay damages to the owner of the protected technology and could be prohibited from making, using or selling any products that infringe the protected technology. In addition, the management attention consumed by and legal cost associated with any litigation could have a negative effect on our operating results. During the course of lawsuits there may be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions, and other interim proceedings or developments in the litigation. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial negative effect on the trading price of our stock. Whether or not we are successful in any litigation, we expect the litigation to consume substantial amounts of our financial and managerial resources. Further, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with this type of litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure.

General economic conditions may reduce our revenues and harm our business.

As our business has grown, we have become increasingly subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in domestic and global economic conditions. The impact of any slowdown on us is difficult to predict, but it may result in reductions in purchases of products by our end-user customers, longer sales cycles and increased price competition. As a result, we might fall short of our revenue expectations for any given quarter or for the entire year in which a slowdown takes place.

Our business may suffer due to risks associated with international sales and operations.

Sales of products overseas accounted for 90.8%, 99.7%, 98.1%, 99.0% and 99.6% of our revenues in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2000, the nine-month period ended December 31, 2000, the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, respectively. Our international business activities are subject to a number of risks, each of which could impose unexpected costs on us that would have an adverse effect on our operating results. These risks include:

  • impact of currency fluctuations;
  • difficulties in complying with foreign regulatory requirements and standards;
  • tariffs and other trade barriers relating to cross border transactions;
  • costs and risks of localizing products for foreign countries;
  • longer accounts receivable payment cycles from customers located in foreign countries;
  • potentially adverse tax consequences resulting from changes in international tax regulations;
  • limits on repatriation of earnings from our foreign operations; and
  • limited ability to effect quality-control measures associated with our foreign operations.

We have offices and conduct our operations in China, South Korea, and most recently India. We have derived most of our product revenue from Asia during the last three years. Additionally, our major suppliers and assembly subcontractors are all located in Asia. Any kind of economic, political or environmental instability in this region of the world can have a severe negative impact on our operating results due to the large concentration of our production and sales activities in this region. For example, during 1997 and 1998, several Asian countries where we currently do business, such as Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, experienced severe currency fluctuation and economic deflation. If such situations reoccur, it may negatively impact our total revenues and our ability to collect payments from customers in these regions. During such situations, the lack of capital in the financial sectors of these countries can make it difficult for our customers to open letters of credit or other financial instruments that are guaranteed by foreign banks. Finally, the economic situation during such periods may exacerbate a decline in selling prices for our products as our competitors may reduce product prices to generate needed cash.

In addition, we are greatly impacted by the political, economic and military conditions in Taiwan and China, North Korea and South Korea and India and Pakistan, which are continuously engaged in political disputes. Some of these countries have from time to time conducted military exercises in or near the other's territorial waters and airspace. Such disputes may continue and even escalate, resulting in an economic embargo, a disruption in shipping or even military hostilities. This could severely harm our business by interrupting or delaying production or shipment of our products. Any kind of activity of this nature or even rumors of such activity could severely negatively impact our operations, revenues, operating results, and stock price.

We may encounter significant difficulties in understanding local business practices that may require additional expenditures.

As a substantial portion of our operations are located in Asia and subject to foreign laws and regulations, our operations in Asia may be adversely affected by changes in local laws and regulations, such as those relating to accounting practices, taxation, import and export tariffs, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. Local governments may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations, which would require additional expenditures. Asian economies may also differ in terms of structure, government involvement, level of development, growth rate, capital reinvestment, allocation of resources, self-sufficiency and rate of inflation, among others. As a result, we may encounter significant difficulties in understanding and addressing local business practices that may require us to incur additional expenses in connection with our international operations.

Because a small number of customers have accounted for, and are likely to continue to account for, a substantial portion of our revenues, our revenues could decline due to the loss of one of these customers.

Products sold to our top five customers accounted for approximately 47% and 60% of our revenues during the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2003, respectively. Products sold to our top 10 customers accounted for approximately 75% 88% and 67% and 78% of our revenues during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2000, the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, and the fiscal years ended December 31, 2002, and 2003, respectively. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, Ellion Digital, Inc., an entity in which certain officers, directors and employees of our Korean subsidiary have a significant ownership interest, Daewoo, and Vestel accounted for 19.7%, 16.2%, and 13.3% of our revenue, respectively. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002, Vestel accounted for 23% of our revenue. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001, SIIG, owner of 39% of our Chinese joint venture, accounted for about 37% of our revenue. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2000, Hyundai accounted for about 36% of our revenue. In the nine-month period ended December 31, 2000, Hyundai accounted for about 42% of our revenue. No other customers accounted for more than 10% of our revenues during these three periods. If we were to lose any of these customers or experience any substantial reduction in orders from these customers, our revenues and operating results would suffer.

We do not have long-term contracts with our customers and the loss of a major customer could seriously harm our business.

We do not typically enter into long-term contracts with our customers, and we cannot be certain as to future order levels from our customers. When we do enter into a long-term contract, the contract is generally terminable at the convenience of the customer. An early termination by one of our major customers would harm our financial results, as it is unlikely that we would be able to rapidly replace that revenue source.

Our backlog may not result in future revenue, which would seriously harm our business.

Due to possible customer changes in delivery schedules and cancellations of orders, our backlog at any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any succeeding period. A reduction of backlog during any particular period, or the failure of our backlog to result in future revenue, could harm our business.

Business interruptions could adversely affect our business.

Our operations are vulnerable to interruptions by fire, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failure and other events beyond our control. We do not have a detailed disaster recovery plan. Our facilities in Northern California may be subject to electrical blackouts as a consequence of a shortage of available electrical power. In the event these blackouts occur, continue or increase in severity, they could disrupt the operations of our affected facilities. In connection with the shortage of available power, prices for electricity have risen dramatically, and may continue to increase for the foreseeable future. Such price changes will increase our operating costs, which could in turn hurt our profitability. In addition, we do not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur, and any losses or damages incurred by us could harm our business.

The dynamic nature of our business continues to place a significant strain on our management systems and resources, and if we fail to manage the changes in our products, markets and supply chain, our ability to market and sell our products and develop new products may be harmed.

Our business is experiencing rapid change which has strained our internal systems and will require us to develop or adopt more sophisticated information management systems in order to manage the business effectively. Although we have implemented an ERP system, there is no guarantee that this system and any new systems implemented in the future will be adequate to address the rapid changes in sales volume, product mix, regional mix, and supply chain which we anticipate, or that management will be able to foresee in a timely manner other infrastructure needs before they arise. Our success depends on the ability of our executive officers to effectively manage in this rapidly changing environment. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our results of operations will be seriously harmed.

The price of our common stock is likely to be volatile.

Our stock has closed at prices ranging from a high of $6.23 on December 11, 2001 to a low of $1.08 on June 24, 2002. If our gross and net profits do not grow or grow more slowly than we anticipate, or if operating or capital expenditures exceed our expectations or cannot be adjusted accordingly, the market price of our common stock could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the market price of our common stock has been in the past and could in the future be materially and adversely affected for reasons unrelated to our specific business or results of operations. General market price declines or volatility in the future could adversely affect the price of our common stock. In addition, short-term trading strategies of certain investors can also have a significant effect on the price of specific securities.

The exercise of warrants or options may depress our stock price.

There are a significant number of warrants and options to purchase our common stock outstanding. Holders may sell the common stock acquired upon exercise of the warrants and options at a market price that exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and options paid by the holders. Sales of a substantial number of shares of common stock in the public market by holders of warrants or options may depress the prevailing market price for our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the future sale of our equity securities.

We do not expect to pay dividends.

We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings for funding growth and therefore, do not expect to pay any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock in the form of dividends.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY

The selling prices for our products are very volatile and subject to industry-wide fluctuations. Our success is dependent on the growth and strength of the PC market and the DVD video market.

With a focus on the DVD product line, most of our revenues in the last three years were generated from DVD products. Most of our new products currently being developed are in the DVD product line, particularly DVD loaders. The sales of our DVD loaders are related to the markets for DVD video disks and DVD video players. If we experience an unforeseen downturn in the markets for DVD video disks and DVD video players or a global over-supply in the production of DVD loaders, our results of operations from our DVD loaders business will be adversely affected. Our business could be harmed by such industry-wide fluctuations in the future.

The cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry could create fluctuations in our operating results.

The semiconductor industry has historically been cyclical, characterized by wide fluctuations in product supply and demand. From time to time, there are shortages or over-production of memory or other types of devices. Our business could be harmed by such industry-wide fluctuations in the future because our products incorporate these technologies. When a shortage occurs with one or more key components, it may be difficult for us to produce enough quantities of products to fill customers' orders, and it may require us to pay a higher price for the components in the event of a shortage, adversely affecting our margin and profitability.

There is seasonality in our business.

Sales of our products in the computer peripherals market and consumer electronics market are subject to seasonality. Seasonal purchasing patterns generally lead to higher sales occurring in the second half of each calendar year although there may be a sharp decline of sales near the Christmas and New Year's holidays. Sales to China and certain other Asian regions may also decline near the lunar New Year's holidays in January or February.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Market Risk

The following discusses our exposure to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could vary materially as a result of a number of factors including those set forth in "Risk Factors."

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. Our investments consist primarily of commercial paper and certificates of deposits. Due to the nature of our investments, we believe that there is no material risk exposure. Cash equivalents and short-term investment are carried at cost, which approximated market value, and investments in marketability debt securities are carried at amortized cost, which approximates market value.

Foreign Currency Risk

We develop products in the United States, Korea, China and India and market our products in North America and the Asia-Pacific region. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. As our sales are primarily in U.S. dollars, a strengthening of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements required pursuant to this item are included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

(a)    Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective, except as noted in the next paragraph, to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

During our fiscal year 2003 financial reporting process, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in consultation with the Company's independent accountants, identified the following deficiencies which constitute a "reportable condition" as defined under standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants:

  • processing and monitoring of work-in-process inventory resulting from implementation of a new enterprise resource planning system (ERP); and
  • processing and monitoring of intercompany profits in inventory.

As a result of the above deficiencies, we were not able to accurately determine inventory levels using our ERP system as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. However, this problem was discovered following a physical inventory that was performed at the end of the period. Based on the results of the physical inventory, the inventory amount was correctly adjusted as of the end of the period.

(b)    Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our fourth quarter that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except that, during fiscal 2003, we installed a new ERP system to address, among other matters, inventory management, which system developed problems as a result of which we were not able to accurately determine inventory control levels using that system.

Under the direction of the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors, senior management directed that the Company dedicate resources and take steps to strengthen control processes in order both to identify and prevent the situation that resulted in the year end adjustments for book-to-physical and intercompany profits in inventory. To this end, the Company is taking the following immediate steps:

  • working on re-programming the enterprise resource planning system to eliminate the system deficiency that lead to the book-to-physical inventory adjustment;
  • performing physical inventories on a quarterly basis;
  • providing enhanced reporting and monitoring of intercompany profits in inventory; and
  • defining in more detail the manner in which intercompany profits in inventory arise and should be accounted for.

The Company continues to evaluate the need for further improvements, including further formalizing its processes, procedures and policies, to its internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.

PART III

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

Information with respect to Directors is included under the caption "Proposal One - Election of Directors" in the Proxy Statement for the 2004 Annual Meeting (the "2004 Proxy Statement") and is incorporated herein by reference. Information with respect to Executive Officers is included under the caption "Executive Officers of the Registrant" in Part I hereof after Item 4.

Information regarding delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is included under the heading "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the 2004 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Certain information concerning our Audit Committee, Audit Committee Financial Expert(s) and Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is included under the caption "Proposal One - Election of Directors - Director Compensation" and "Executive Officer Compensation" in the 2004 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The information required by this item is included under the caption "Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management" in the 2004 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

The information required by this item is included under the caption "Transactions with Management" in the 2004 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this item is included under the caption "Proposal Three - Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditors" in the 2004 Proxy Statement and its incorporated by reference.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

1. Financial Statements:

Digital Video Systems, Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements, the related notes thereto, and the Report of Independent Auditors are filed as a part of this Form 10-K under this Item 15.

2. Financial Statement Schedule

The following schedule of the Company is included herein:

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Schedule II)

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the amounts are immaterial or the required information is presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Item 8 above.

3. Exhibits

See Item 14(c) below.

(b) Reports on Form 8-K

The Company furnished information under Item 12 on a Current Report on Form 8-K on November 14, 2003.

(c) Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.








DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

Index To Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Page

Report of Burr, Pilger & Mayer LLP, Independent Auditors

39

Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2003 and 2002

40

Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001

41

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - Years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001

42

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001

43 - 44

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

45 - 69








REPORT OF BURR, PILGER & MAYER LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Digital Video Systems, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Digital Video Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003. Our audit also included the financial statement schedule listed at Item 15(a)(2). The consolidated financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Digital Video Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

/s/ Burr, Pilger & Mayer LLP

Palo Alto, California
March 29, 2004








DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

December 31,

 

2003

2002

ASSETS

 

 

Current assets:

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

$6,444

$ 12,330

Restricted cash

6,186

5,908

Marketable debt securities

423

427

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $480 and $127 for 2003 and 2002, respectively

2,045

10,749

Accounts receivable - related party

3,176

-

Inventories

24,645

25,758

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

2,081

3,402

Note receivable - related party

732

884

Total current assets

45,732

59,458

Property and equipment, net

12,639

11,067

Intangibles

335

587

Other assets

65

315

Total assets

$58,771

$71,427

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

Line of credit

$26,051

$26,086

Current portion of long term debt

-

192

Notes payable

3,603

4,223

Notes payable - related party

60

-

Accounts payable

11,903

13,592

Accounts payable - related party

524

434

Other payables

626

234

Accrued liabilities

1,953

3,325

Total current liabilities

44,720

48,086

Long-term debt

-

96

Total liabilities

44,720

48,182

Minority interest

8,186

13,434

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

 

 

Stockholders' equity

 

 

Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2003 and 2002

-

-

Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized; 8,881,090 and 6,183,555 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively

1

1

Additional paid-in capital

77,650

73,334

Accumulated deficit

(73,306)

(64,961)

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

1,521

1,457

Deferred compensation

(1)

(20)

Total stockholders' equity

5,865

9,811

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$58,771

$71,427

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.








DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

 

 

 

 

Net revenue

$89,133

$157,214

$159,871

Cost of revenue

85,545

145,929

145,795

Gross profit

3,588

11,285

14,076

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

Research and development

5,769

3,043

2,503

Sales and marketing

2,684

2,907

2,173

General and administrative

7,276

7,054

7,612

Total operating expenses

15,729

13,004

12,288

(Loss) income from operations

(12,141)

(1,719)

1,788

Other income (expenses):

 

 

 

Interest expense

(1,048)

(2,050)

(1,155)

Other income (expense)

96

(213)

1,274

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

-

-

(12)

(Loss) income before minority interest and income tax
(benefit) provision

(13,093)

(3,982)

1,895

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

196

(33)

722

(Loss) income before minority interest

(13,289)

(3,949)

1,173

Minority interest

4,944

958

(305)

Net (loss) income

$(8,345)

$(2,991)

$ 868

Basic net (loss) income per share

$ (1.15)

$ (0.50)

$ 0.16

Diluted net (loss) income per share

$ (1.15)

$ (0.50)

$ 0.14

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.








DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

 

 

 

 

Accumulated

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

 

 

Additional

 

Comprehensive

 

 

 

Common Stock

Paid-in

Comprehensive

Income

Deferred

 

 

Shares

Amount

Capital

Deficit

(Expense)

Compensation

Total

Balance at December 31, 2000

6,003,617

$1

$69,020

$(62,838)

$631

$(131)

$6,683

Comprehensive Income (Loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

-

-

-

868

-

-

868

Translation adjustment

-

-

-

-

(841)

-

  (841)

Comprehensive Income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

27

Exercise of common stock options

77,922

-

300

-

-

-

300

Conversion of promissory notes to common stock

723,362

-

1,450

-

-

-

1,450

Issuance of common stock

-

-

56

-

-

-

56

Amortization of deferred compensation

-

-

-

-

-

71

71

Issuance of common stock in settlement of legal obligations

210,492

-

524

-

-

-

524

Cancellation of shares placed in escrow

(1,116,141)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Balance at December 31, 2001

5,899,252

1

71,350

(61,970)

(210)

(60)

9,111

Comprehensive Income (Loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

-

-

-

(2,991)

-

-

(2,991)

Translation adjustment

-

-

-

-

1,667

-

1,667

Comprehensive (Loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,324)

Exercise of common stock options

50,000

-

166

-

-

-

166

Issuance of common stock

30,000

-

45

-

-

-

45

Amortization of deferred compensation

-

-

 

-

-

40

40

Gain on sale of subsidiary common stock

-

-

1,177

-

-

-

1,177

Issuance of common stock for services and in settlement of legal obligations

144,303

-

424

-

-

-

424

Escrow stock returned to capital

60,000

-

172

-

-

-

172

Balance at December 31, 2002

6,183,555

1

73,334

(64,961)

1,457

(20)

9,811

Comprehensive Income (Loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

-

-

-

(8,345)

-

-

(8,345)

Translation adjustment

-

-

-

-

64

-

64

Comprehensive (Loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8,281)

Exercise of common stock warrants

330,970

-

446

-

-

-

446

Issuance of common stock

1,157,217

-

1,474

-

-

-

1,474

Issuance of common stock upon conversion of bridge loans

186,426

-

261

-

-

-

261

Amortization of deferred compensation

-

-

 

-

-

19

19

Issuance of common stock for services and in settlement of legal obligations

494,222

-

961

-

-

-

961

Issuance of common stock in settlement of accounts payable

528,700

-

957

-

-

-

957

Fair value of common stock warrants issued to non- employees

-

-

217

-

-

-

217

Balance at December 31, 2003

8,881,090

$1

$77,650

$(73,306)

$1,521

$(1)

$5,865

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.








DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

Operating activities:

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

$(8,345)

$(2,991)

$ 868

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

 

 

 

Minority interest

(4,944)

(958)

305

Depreciation

2,427

2,344

758

Amortization

252

251

453

Issuance of common stock for service provided

81

-

-

Write down of notes receivable

152

1,090

-

Allowance for doubtful accounts

763

18

423

Reserve for inventory

677

82

-

Amortization of deferred compensation

104

40

-

Extinguishment of accounts payable in connection with legal settlement

334

424

580

Deferred tax assets

251

-

-

Noncash interest expense

132

-

-

Impairment of goodwill

-

175

-

Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets

1

-

12

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

7,941

(8,632)

345

Accounts receivable - related party

(3,176)

-

-

Inventories

436

(13,954)

(1,836)

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

1,372

1,101

(1,751)

Other assets

(1)

(48)

2,782

Accounts payable

(1,064)

10,024

(2,189)

Accounts payable - related party

90

(1,702)

2,136

Accrued liabilities

(499)

(558)

1,676

Other payable

392

(1,397)

1,492

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

(2,624)

(14,691)

6,054

Investing activities:

 

 

 

Maturities (purchases) of marketable debt securities

4

342

(769)

Acquisition of property and equipment

(4,280)

(3,696)

(8,479)

Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment

280

-

-

Increase in restricted cash

(278)

(2,672)

(82)

Net cash used in investing activities

(4,274)

(6,026)

(9,330)

Financing activities:

 

 

 

Investment by minority interest in China joint venture

-

-

3,195

Proceeds from the sale of common stocks, net

1,428

45

1,450

Proceeds from the exercise of options and warrants

446

166

300

(Repayment) of proceeds from line of credit borrowing

(35)

9,586

5,336

Repayment of bank borrowings

-

(148)

(105)

Proceeds from repayment of note receivable

-

-

289

Proceeds from sale of subsidiary stock

-

10,685

-

Proceeds from bridge loans

261

-

-

Repayment of notes payable

(4,220)

-

(69)

Proceeds from issuance of notes payable

3,660

2,389

1,834

Repayment of long term debt

(288)

(1,488)

-

Net cash provided by financing activities

1,252

21,235

12,230

Effect of exchange rate changes

(240)

1,667

(841)

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

(5,886)

2,185

8,113

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year

12,330

10,145

2,032

 

$6,444

$12,330

$10,145

DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - Continued

(in thousands)

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

2003

2002

2001

Supplemental disclosures:

 

 

 

Interest paid

$ 846

$ 1,999

$ 1,199

Taxes paid

$ 63

$ 516

$ 244

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transaction:

 

 

 

Offset of notes payable and note receivable-related party

$ -

$ -

$ 289

Issuance of common stock in payment of accounts payable

$ 957

$ 172

$ -

Issuance of common stock and warrants for legal settlements

$ 880

$ -

$ 580

Issuance of common stock for service rendered

$ 81

$ 424

$ -

Issuance of common stock upon conversion of bridge loans

$ 261

$ -

$ -

Issuance of common stock for other current assets

$ 46

$ -

$ -

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.








DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar Amounts in Thousands Unless Otherwise Indicated)

  1. The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies
  2. The Company

    Digital Video Systems, Inc. ("DVS" or "the Company") develops and markets DVD-ROM drives, DVD loaders, video engines, and certain computer peripherals.

    A significant portion of the Company's operations is based outside of the United States, principally in South Korea and China. As a result, the Company must comply with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations. In particular, the Company may be materially adversely affected by changes in the political, social and economic conditions in these countries, and by changes in government policies with respect to such matters as laws and regulations, methods to address inflation, currency conversion and restrictions and rates and methods of taxation.

    Liquidity

    The Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flow from operations for the last two years and has an accumulated deficit of $73.3 million at December 31, 2003. The Company experienced a reduction in gross margin during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 due to increased pricing pressure from competition. The Company expects to experience continued pricing pressure during 2004 as competition becomes more intense. To partially offset the impact, the Company has taken steps to improve margins and lower costs and expenses which include controls related to purchasing and engineering efforts. Management also recognizes the need for an infusion of cash during the year ended December 31, 2004. The Company expects to require additional funding and may sell additional shares of its common or preferred stock through private placements or further public offerings, or it may seek additional credit facilities and consider certain asset sales. The sales of additional equity or debt securities may result in additional dilution to existing stockholders. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity or debt securities, these securities could have rights that are senior to existing stockholders and could contain covenants that would restrict operation. Any additional financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all.

    While the Company is aggressively pursuing the actions discussed above, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in its efforts to achieve profitable operations, generate sufficient cash from operations or obtain additional funding sources.

    Additionally, the Company is involved in several outstanding legal matters discussed in note 21, an unfavorable outcome from one or more of these matters could result in a material adverse effect upon the Company's financial position and results of operations.

    Principles of Consolidation

    The accompanying consolidated financial statements of DVS include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries and its majority owned and controlled corporate joint venture in China. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation and the Company's investment in the consolidated corporate joint venture has been accounted for at its historical book value. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates and for the periods presented.

    Use of Estimates

    The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include the level of accounts receivable and inventory reserves. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

    Credit Risk

    Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, and accounts receivables. The Company primarily invests its cash and cash equivalents and marketable debt securities in time deposits with high-credit quality institutions and corporate bonds and notes. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by these institutions and corporate entities to the extent of the amount recorded in the balance sheet. With respect to receivables from customers, the Company primarily sells its products worldwide to original equipment manufacturers and product distribution companies in Asia. The Company generally does not require collateral, and maintains reserves for potential credit losses.

    Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

    Cash and cash equivalents include money market accounts and highly liquid debt instruments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase. Restricted cash of $6,186, represented by passbook accounts and time deposits for its subsidiary, DVS Korea, are used for collateral related to borrowings and other required deposits.

    As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the fair value of the cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash and money market funds in the amount of $12,630 and $18,238, respectively.

    Investment in Marketable Debt Securities

    The Company classifies its marketable debt securities as "held to maturity securities" as the Company has the intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. These securities are recorded at amortized cost using the specific identification method. Interest income is recorded using an effective interest rate, with the associated premium or discount amortized to interest income. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings. Additionally, the Company assesses whether an other-than-temporary impairment loss on the investments has occurred due to declines in fair value or other market conditions. Declines in fair value that are considered other than temporary are recorded as charges in the statement of operations. Total marketable debt securities of $423 and $427 as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, consist of corporate bonds that mature at various dates through 2008.

    Revenue Recognition

    Net revenues include product and component sales. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. These criteria are met at the time the product is shipped to the customer. Shipping terms are freight on board shipping point. Returns and discounts on sales are deducted from revenue upon issuance of a credit memo. Returns for products under warranty are repaired and returned to the customer at the Company's cost. The Company provides for an estimate of costs that may be incurred under its warranty at the time product revenue is recognized. The Company had a warranty reserve of $54 and $130 at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

    Shipping and Handling Costs

    The Company includes fees billed to customers for shipping and handling in net revenue. Shipping and handling costs are included in sales and marketing as an operating expense. For the year ended December 31, 2003, 2002, and 2001 these costs were $362, $914 and $581, respectively.

    Fair Value of Financial Instruments

    The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, accounts receivable, line of credit, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Based upon borrowing rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms, the carrying value of its debt approximates fair value.

    Advertising Expense

    Advertising expenditures are charged to operations as incurred and total $35, $126, and $147 in the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002, and 2001, respectively.

    Research and Development

    Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

    Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

    The Company accounts for stock based employee compensation using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"), and related interpretations and complies with the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, Transition and Disclosure - an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123". Under APB 25, compensation expense is recognized on the measurement date based on the difference, if any, between the fair value of the Company's common stock and the exercise price.

    The following table illustrates the effect on net (loss) income and net (loss) income per share if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" to stock based compensation.

     

     

    Year Ended

    December 31,

     

    2003

    2002

    2001

    Reported net (loss) income

    $(8,345)

    $(2,991)

    $ 868

    Add: Stock-based compensation, as reported

    19

    40

    71

    Deduct: Total stock-based compensation determined under fair value based method for all awards

    (910)

    (589)

    (445)

    Adjusted net (loss) income, fair value method for all stock- based awards

    $(9,236)

    $(3,540)

    $ 494

    Basic (loss) income per share - as reported $$

    $ (1.15)

    $(0.50)

    $ 0.16

    Basic (loss) income per share - performa $$

    $ (1.27)

    $(0.59)

    $ 0.09

    Diluted (loss) income per share - as reported $$

    $ (1.15)

    $(0.50)

    $ 0.14

    Diluted (loss) income per share - performa $$

    $ (1.27)

    $(0.59)

    $ 0.08

    The fair value for each option granted was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, assuming no expected dividends and the following assumptions:

     

     

    Year Ended December 31,

     

    2003

    2002

    2001

    Weighted average risk-free interest rates

    1.91%

    2.97%

    5.98%

    Average expected life (in years)

    2.0

    2.0

    2.0

    Volatility $$

    109% - 155%

    109% - 125%

    126%

    The weighted average fair value of stock awards (including restricted stock units granted in 2002) granted during 2003, 2002 and 2001 was $1.13, $0.90, and $2.88, respectively.

    The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provision of SFAS 123 and EITF No. 96-18, which requires that such equity instruments be recorded at fair value on the measurement date, which is typically the grant date.

    Net Income (Loss) per Share

    Net income (loss) per share is presented on a basic and diluted basis, and is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares and equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common share equivalents consist of warrants and stock options (using the treasury stock method). Under the basic method of calculating net income (loss) per share, equivalent shares are excluded from the computation. Under the diluted method of calculating net income (loss) per share, equivalent shares are excluded from the computation only if their effect is anti-dilutive.

    Inventories

    Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (moving average method) or market. The Company has recorded valuation reserves against inventory of $1,087 and $410 as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

    Property and Equipment

    Property and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the assets estimated useful lives of three to seven years or the term of the lease if shorter. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are relieved from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is included in the determination of income.

    Income Taxes

    The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowance are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

    Long-Lived Assets

    Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable, the Company estimates the future cash flows, undiscounted and without interest charges, expected to result from the use of those assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.

    Intangibles

    Intangible assets consist of acquired technology and are stated at cost net of accumulated amortization or at their impaired value. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the assets estimated useful lives of three to seven years.

    Foreign Currency Translation

    The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. Translation adjustments, which result from the process of translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars, are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Transaction gains and losses of $644 for 2003 are included in interest and other income in the accompanying statement of operations. The amounts for 2002 and 2001 were not considered material.

    Comprehensive Income

    Other comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss), such as, translation adjustments, unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities and certain derivative instruments. The Company's other comprehensive income (loss) is composed of foreign currency translation adjustments.

    Reclassifications

    Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

    Recent Accounting Pronouncements

    In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") issued Interpretation No. 46 ("FIN 46"), "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51". FIN 46 requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if the equity investors in the entity do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. FIN 46 is effective immediately for all new variable interest entities created or acquired after January 31, 2003. For variable interest entities created or acquired prior to February 1, 2003, the provisions of FIN 46 have been delayed and currently apply to the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after December 15, 2003. We do not have any entities as of December 31, 2003 that will require disclosure or new consolidation as a result of adopting the provisions of FIN 46.

    In May 2003, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 150 ("SFAS" 150), "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity". SFAS 150 establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. It requires that an issuer classify a financial instrument that is within its scope as a liability (or an asset in certain circumstances). Many of these instruments were previously classified as equity. Although some of the provisions of this statement are consistent with the current definition of liabilities in FASB Concepts Statement No. 6, "Elements of Financial Statements", the remainder is consistent with FASB's intention to revise that definition to encompass certain obligations that a reporting entity can or must settle by issuing its own shares. This statement is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003 and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. We adopted SFAS 150 effective July 1, 2003. The adoption of SFAS 150 did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows

  3. Inventories
  4. Inventories consisted of the following at December 31, 2003 and 2002:

     

    2003

    2002

    Raw materials

    $16,716

    $9,718

    Work-in-process

    2,892

    8,220

    Finished goods

    6,124

    8,230

    Total inventories

    25,732

    26,168

    Less inventory reserves

    (1,087)

    (410)

    Net inventories

    $24,645

    $25,758

  5. Property and Equipment
  6. Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 2003 and 2002:

     

    2003

    2002

    Building and leasehold improvements

    $6,034

    $5,143

    Machinery and computer equipment

    12,290

    10,126

    Furniture and fixtures

    1,328

    717

    Total property and equipment

    19,652

    15,987

    Accumulated depreciation

    (7,013)

    (4,920)

    Net property and equipment

    $12,639

    $11,067

     

    Depreciation expense totaled $2,427, $2,344, and $758 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.

  7. Intangible Assets
  8. Intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31, 2003 and 2002:

     

    2003

    2002

    Intangible assets of acquired businesses

    $2,400

    $2,400

    Less: accumulated amortization

    (2,065)

    (1,813)

     

    $ 335

    $ 587

    Amortization expense totaled $252, $251 and $453 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.

    In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Under SFAS No. 142, goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortized. Instead of amortizing goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have an indefinite life, the statement requires a test for impairment to be performed annually, or immediately if conditions indicate that such an impairment could exist. The amortization period of intangible assets with finite lives will no longer be limited to forty years. This statement had the effect of reducing to zero the Company's amortization of goodwill effective January 1, 2002. Had the Company been accounting for its goodwill under SFAS 142 for 2001, the Company's net income would have been $131 more than reported or $0.02 per share on a basic and diluted basis.

    During 2002, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $175 for the remaining book value of goodwill.

    Intangible assets will be amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three to seven years. The intangibles-developed technology acquired was determined during fiscal year March 31, 2000 to provide future product developments in the coming years. Thus, the estimated useful life of the amortization period was changed effective July 1, 1999 from three to seven years. The aggregate amortization expense of intangibles over their remaining life is as follows:

     

    Amount

    2004

    $ 250

    2005

    85

    Total

    $ 335

  9. Note Receivable-Related Party
  10. On September 30, 1999, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase and Option Agreement (the "Agreement") with OPLI, a related party. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company sold the assets used in its digital video business, which are comprised of the ad insertion business and the video on demand businesses (the "Purchased Assets") to OPLI.

    The purchase prices for the Purchased Assets and for the Option (described below) was $3,450 with the purchased asset valued at $2,700 and the Option at $750. The purchase price was paid by delivery of a promissory note in the principal amount of $3,450 (the "Note"). Principal on the Note was payable in 36 equal monthly installments commencing on October 31, 1999. The unpaid principal balance of the Note bears interest at an annual rate of 7%. The Note was originally secured by a first priority security interest in favor of the Company in the Purchased Assets and a first priority pledge in favor of the Company of 987,500 shares of common stock of the Company owned by OPLI.

    Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, OPLI purchased the option (the "Option") to acquire 212,000 shares (the "Option Shares") of the common stock of DVS Korea Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea and at that time was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (DVS Korea). The Option Shares constituted 20% of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of DVS Korea. The Option was exercisable in whole or in part, for an aggregate exercise price of $500 payable in cash upon exercise of the Option.

    The sale of the Purchased Assets and the Option was recorded as a note receivable. The purchased assets were written off the books as of March 31, 1999 as part of a restructuring. As a result, no book value for these assets existed as of the date of the transaction. The gain of $2,700 for the sale of the purchased assets has been recognized as other income in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2000.

    OPLI exercised its right to acquire the Option Shares in November 1999. The book value of the Option Shares at that time was $762. The sale of the Option for $750 and the proceeds of $500 for exercising the Option resulted in a gain for the sale of the Option Shares. This gain has been recognized as other income in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2000.

    At December 31, 2001, the OPLI note receivable outstanding was at $1,974 and was in default. Payment in arrears totaled $1.0 million. The shares of the Company's common stock purchased in 1998 plus the assets acquired, giving rise to the note receivable, have been pledged and secured. Some shares of common stock of OPLI shareholders pledged are in the possession of the Company and at December 31, 2001 had a market value that equals approximately the outstanding balance due on the note receivable.

    DVS provided OPLI with Notice of Default on October 2, 2002. OPLI failed to cure its default under the note within 10 days of the Notice. On October 17, 2002, the Company gave Notice to OPLI declaring all amounts due under the promissory note.

    During February 2003, the market value of common stock of OPLI shareholders held by the Company have a market value of approximately $884 resulting in an adjustment to the reserve requirement of $1,090. The total reserve at December 31, 2002 is $1,090.

    During March 2004, the market value of common stock of OPLI shareholders held by the Company have a net market value of approximate $732 resulting in an adjustment to the reserve requirement of $1,242. The total reserve at December 31, 2003 is $1,242.

  11. Warranty Accrual
  12. The Company generally warrants its products for a specific period of time against material defects. The Company provides for the estimated future costs of warranty obligations in costs of goods sold when the related revenue is recognized. The accrued warranty costs represent the best estimate at the time of sale of the total costs that the Company expects to incur to repair or replace product parts which fail while still under warranty. The amount of accrued estimated warranty costs is primarily based on historical experience as to product failures as well as current information on repair costs. The following table reflects the change in the Company's warranty accrual during each of the three periods ended December 31, 2003 (in thousands):

     

    2003

    2002

    2001

    Warranty accrual, beginning of year

    $130

    $335

    $128

    Additions

    -

    53

    207

    Subtractions

    (76)

    (258)

    -

    Warranty accrual, end of year

    $54

    $130

    $335

  13. Line of Credit
  14. The Company has lines of credit with several Korean banks with borrowing limits varying from $800 to $21,494. The total borrowing limit as of December 31, 2003 was $43,709. Borrowings under these lines of credit incur interest at rates between 0.34% to 6.76%, and are guaranteed up to $756 by the Korea Credit Guarantee fund. The expiration date for these lines of credit vary between January and November 2004. Cash and cash equivalent deposits of approximately $6.2 million are restricted as collateral for lines of credit.

    The provisions of these lines of credit contain no covenants related to the maintenance of working capital or other financial ratios. As of December 31, 2003, the Company owed a total of $26,051 on the lines of credit and the amount is due as the lines expire.

    As of March 25, 2004, borrowing limits have been reduced to $30,500 and the expiration dates have been extended to May and November 2004.

  15. Notes Payable
  16. The Company has notes payable from Shanghai Bank in the amount of $3,600 and $4,220 for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. These notes bear interest at rates between 1.78% to 2.035%, are collateralized by the joint venture building in China and are due on May 14, 2004. The notes require that the Company maintain certain minimum inventory levels as collateral for the loans. Other demand notes payable of $3 at December 31, 2003 and 2002 bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum.

  17. Notes Payable - Related Parties
  18. At December 31, 2003, the Company had notes payable from two directors of the Company. The amounts were $15 and $45, respectively, and bear interest between 5% and 10% and due on demand. The Company repaid both of these notes in March, 2004.

  19. Long-term Debt
  20. Long-term debt at December 31, 2003 and 2002 consisted of the following:

     

    2003

    2002

    Unsecured note payable due to Hanvit Bank, with interest rate of 6%, due on June 15, 2004

    $ -

    $ 288

    Less current portion

    -

    (192)

    Total long-term debt

    $ -

    $ 96

  21. Commitments and Contingencies
  22. i. Commitments

    The Company leases its facilities and certain office equipment under non-cancelable leases that require the Company to pay operating costs, including property taxes, insurance and maintenance. Future minimum lease payments under these operating leases at December 31, 2003 are as follows:

     

    Amount

    2004

    $ 661

    2005

    565

    2006

    234

    2007

    15

    2008

    15

    Thereafter

    193

     

    $1,683

    Rent expense charged to operations was approximately $543, $661 and $481 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.

    DVS Korea has a license agreement with Phillips which requires payment of a $3.50 royalty on each "after-the-agreement" sale of a DVD player.

    ii. Minority Interest

    During the year ended December 31, 2001, the Company increased its investment in DVS Korea by acquiring an additional 127,000 shares, raising its ownership in DVS Korea to 82%. Subsequently employees of DVS Korea were issued 121,000 shares in satisfaction of outstanding loans to the Company, thereby reducing the Company's ownership in DVS Korea to 74.6%. In September 2002, DVS Korea went public on the KOSDAQ Exchange issuing 6,000,000 of its common stock to the Korean public and reducing the Company's ownership in DVS Korea to 51.4%. At December 31, 2002, the Company also held a 10% ownership interest in a Joint Venture in China (see note 17) with DVS Korea holding a 51% interest and the remaining 39% held by the Chinese partner. The sale of the 23.2% interest in DVS Korea resulted in a gain from the sale of subsidiary common stock of $1,177 which was reflected in additional paid-in capital at December 31, 2002.

    iii. Pending Litigation

    On June 18, 2001, the Company filed a lawsuit in the Santa Clara County Superior Court against Ernst & Young, LLP, the Company's former auditors. The complaint claims professional negligence, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud and deceit. The case was scheduled for mediation in October 2002. Mediation was scheduled for April 28, 2003 pending discussion between all parties. The case was settled in 2003 and all monies owing to Ernst & Young, LLP were forgiven plus the Company received cash to settle expenses incurred in this matter. The settlement was concluded during 2003.

    On December 4, 2001, a lawsuit was filed in United States District Court, Northern District of California against DVS and certain directors, officers and employees of DVS. The plaintiffs in the foregoing action are certain investors that purchased securities from DVS in May 2001 and July 2001 in transactions not involving a public offering. The complaint relating to these transactions purports to allege claims relating to violation of state and federal securities laws, breach of fiduciary duties, breach of contract, fraud, and negligent misrepresentation. The plaintiffs seek declaratory judgment relief, compensatory damages in excess of $1,000, punitive damages, and costs of suit, including attorneys' fees. DVS has reached a settlement related to this case and the Company has accrued and reflected in general and administrative expense $465 during December 31, 2002 related to the lawsuit. This matter was settled in February 2003. Terms of the settlement included cash of $50, 150,000 shares of common stock with a market value of $315, 225,000 warrants with an exercise price of $1.00 and an unsecured note of $150 to be paid at the time the warrants are exercised. The unsecured note of $150 was paid at the time the warrants were exercised so there is no remaining balance outstanding at December 31, 2003.

    On December 31, 2001, the Company has reached final settlement agreement with the Company's former corporate counsel, Troy & Gould, related to unpaid capital raising fees and legal costs. The Company satisfied the terms of the settlement agreement and received full satisfaction of the judgment rendered on the previously reported lawsuit by payment of the settlement amounts in the settlement agreement. The amounts due under the settlement agreement were payment of $150 in cash and issuance of 23,333 shares of Company stock. The stock was issued in 2000 and $100 of cash was paid during 2001. An accrual of $50 was recorded at December 31, 2001 for amounts owed under the settlement agreement and the balance of $50 was paid during February 2002.

    On June 24, 2002, the Company filed a lawsuit in the Santa Clara County Superior Court against Mali Kuo, Michael Chen, Meng Tek Ung and Doe's 1 through 50. The complaint has been served on Mr. Chen and Ms. Kuo but the Company has not yet been able to serve the other named defendants as they are residing outside of the United States. The Company is confident it will obtain a favorable outcome to the suit. As of December 31, 2002, the Company has received Mr. Chen and Ms. Kuo's counter claim. The Company has established an accrual of $650 for wages and expenses related to prior employment of Mr. Chen and Ms Kuo.

    The Company has been named as a defendant in several other lawsuits in the normal course of its business. In the opinion of management, after consulting with legal counsel, the liabilities, if any, resulting from these matters will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

  23. Income Taxes
  24. The components of income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes were as follows:

     

    Year Ended December 31,

    2003

    2002

    2001

    Domestic

    $(3,540)

    $(2,518)

    $(1,728)

    Foreign

    (4,609)

    (506)

    3,318

    Total

    $(8,149)

    $(3,024)

    $1,590

    The provision for income taxes in the year ended December 31, 2003 of $196 relates to the full valuation allowance recorded against the deferred tax assets in the current year, some of which were not reserved at December 31, 2002. The provision for income taxes in the year ended December 31, 2002 was comprised of state taxes of $27 and foreign tax credits of $60. The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2001 was comprised of states taxes of $60 and foreign taxes amounting to $662.

    Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets at December 31, 2003 and 2002 are as follows (in thousands):

     

    2003

    2002

    Deferred tax assets:

     

     

    Net operating loss carryforwards

    $ 11,852

    $ 10,248

    Foreign net operating loss carryforwards

    1,314

    -

    Reserves and other accrued expenses

    137

    (209)

    Depreciation timing differences

    95

    (109)

    Total deferred assets

    13,398

    9,930

    Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

    (13,398)

    (9,930)

    Net deferred tax assets

    $ -

    $ -

    The increase in the valuation allowance for deferred taxes for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $3,468. The decrease in the valuation allowance for deferred taxes for the year ended December 31, 2002, was $8,201 and the increase in the valuation allowance for deferred taxes for the year ended December 31, 2001 was $2,771.

    The Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2003 of approximately $31.6 million expiring at various dates through 2023 and $8.9 million state net operating loss carryforwards net of limitations expiring as follows:

    Expiration Date

    Federal

    California

    2002

    $ -

    $ 954

    2003

    -

    954

    2004

    -

    417

    2009

    552

    -

    2010

    2,811

    -

    2011

    1,324

    1,693

    2012

    5,808

    33

    2013

    954

    4,812

    2019

    5,724

    -

    2020

    5,131

    -

    2021

    4,882

    -

    2022

    830

    -

    2023

    3,543

    -

     

    $ 31,559

    $ 8,863

    Due to the "change in ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the availability of the Company's net operating loss and credit carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation in future periods. Such a change could substantially limit the eventual tax utilization of these carryforwards. After analyzing the "change in ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, Code Section 382, during 2002 the availability of the Company's net operating loss has been limited in future periods. Due to a "change in control" in 2002, it is estimated that approximately $24.9 million federal net operating loss and $4.1 million state net operating loss forward have been lost.

    Under Korean tax regulations the Company's Korean subsidiary is allowed a foreign investment exemption, currently 51.4% of taxable income, for 7 years from the taxable year after the year in which the Korean subsidiary first recognize taxable income, which was fiscal 2000. The Korean subsidiary is then allowed an additional three-year exemption at 50% of its foreign investment ratio. The aggregate dollar value of the Company's tax holiday for the Company's Korean subsidiary foreign tax exemption is $2.0 million dollars for the year ended December 31, 2001. The impact of the tax holiday on fully diluted earnings per share is $0.33 for the year ended December 31, 2001. The Company's Korean subsidiary had a tax loss for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 and as such received no benefit from the foreign tax exemption in the current year.

    Under Chinese tax regulations the Company's Chinese joint venture is entitled to two years of complete tax exemption followed by three years of 50% tax reduction, commencing from the first profit making year net of losses carried forward. The Chinese Joint Venture is in tax loss position for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 and as such has received no benefit from the foreign tax exemption.

  25. Net Income (Loss) Per Share
  26. The computation of net income (loss) per share was as follows:

     

    Year Ended December 31,

     

    2003

    2002

    2001

    Net (loss) income

    $ (8,345)

    $ (2,991)

    $ 868

    Weighted average common shares outstanding

    7,478

    5,979

    5,336

    Weighted average unvested restricted stock

    (212)

    -

    -

    Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic

    7,266

    5,979

    5,336

    Effect of dilutive stock options and warrants

    -

    -

    809

    Weighted average common shares and equivalents outstanding - diluted

    7,266

    5,979

    6,145

    Basic net (loss) income per share

    $ (1.15)

    $ (0.50)

    $ 0.16

    Diluted net loss income per share

    $ (1.15)

    $ (0.50)

    $ 0.14

    At December 31, 2003, 2002, and 2001, 4,773,951, 2,583,325, and 936,778 options and other warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect was anti-dilutive. At December 31, 2003, there were 250,000 shares of restricted common stock outstanding.

  27. Stockholders' Equity
  28. Common Stock

    During 2001, the Company completed a private placement of 723,362 shares of the Company's common stock. Proceeds from the private placement were $1,700 less costs of raising capital of $250 netting the Company $1,450. Additionally, the Company issued 210,492 shares in settlement of legal obligations totaling $524. Options exercised during the year 2001 were 77,922 valued at $300.

    During 2002, the Company completed a stock exchange of 204,303 shares for debt and services rendered. Additionally the Company completed a small private placement of 30,000 common shares. The invested amount was $45. Options exercised during 2002 were 50,000 shares valued at $166.

    During 2003, the Company completed private placements totaling 1,157,217 common shares and completed a stock exchange of 715,126 shares for debt and services. Additionally shares issued in settlements of legal obligations and for services provided totaled 494,222. Warrants exercised during 2003 were 330,970 shares for $446. No options were exercised.

    Escrowed Securities

    All common shares and options to purchase common stock previously held in escrow were returned to capital at July 15, 2001. Shares returned to capital totaled 1,116,141 common shares. These shares were placed in escrow in 1996 through 1997 and their release was subject to certain performance criteria, not met, and any shares not released to be forfeited on July 15, 2001. No shares were released.

    Director Stocks Plan

    The Company's stock option plan for its directors provide for the granting of non-statutory stock option to each non-employee directors at an exercise price equaling 100% of market price at date of grant. Options vest 25% every six (6) months from date of grant. Each non-employee director was granted 30,000 options effective with the adoption of the 2002 Director Option Plan on May 24, 2002. Each subsequent January 1st each non-employee director who has served for at least six months will receive an additional grant of 10,000 shares. Under the 2002 Director Option Plan, options granted are exercisable over a maximum term of ten years from the date of grant and are subject to various restrictions.

    Stock Option Plans

    The Company's stock option plans provide for the granting of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options to employees, directors and consultants at prices ranging from 100% to 110% (depending on the type of grant and the nature of the optionee) of the fair value of the common stock on the grant date as determined by the Board of Directors. Options vest ratably over two to four year period commencing as of the date of grant. The Company has authorized shares of common stock for issuance under the 1993 Stock Option Plan (the "1993 Plan"), shares of common stock for issuance under the 1996 Stock Option Plan (the "1996 Plan"), shares of common stock for issuance under the 1998 Stock Option Plan (the "1998 Plan"), and shares of common stock for issuance under 2002 Stock Plan (the "2002 Plan"). The options granted under the 1993 Plan, 1996 Plan, 1998 Plan, and 2002 Plan are exercisable over a maximum term of ten years from the date of grant, and are subject to various restrictions.

    Option activity under the 1993 Plan, 1996 Plan, 1998 Plan, and 2002 Plan was as follows:

     

    Outstanding Options

    Number
    of Shares

    Weighted Average Exercise Price

    Balance at December 31, 2000

    661,542

    5.18

    Options granted

    -

    -

    Options exercised

    (77,922)

    3.85

    Options cancelled

    (58,993)

    4.48

    Balance at December 31, 2001

    524,627

    5.41

    Options granted

    848,203

    1.57

    Options exercised

    (50,000)

    3.32

    Options cancelled

    (183,791)

    5.59

    Balance at December 31, 2002

    1,139,039

    2.60

    Options granted

    567,500

    1.80

    Options exercised

    -

    -

    Options cancelled

    (40,000)

    2.04

    Balance at December 31, 2003

    1,666,539

    2.34

    The following table summarizes information regarding stock options outstanding at December 31, 2003:

    Range of
    Exercise Prices

    Weighted Average Remaining Outstanding at December 31, 2003

    Contractual
    Life
    (Years)

    Average
    Exercise
    Price

    Exercisable at
    December 31, 2003

    Average
    Exercise
    Price

    1.300-3.248

    1,370,696

    8.86

    1.64

    676,239

    1.58

    3.626-5.908

    221,571

    5.69

    3.94

    221,571

    3.94

    7.000-7.875

    45,486

    4.50

    7.85

    45,486

    7.85

    8.750-14.658

    28,786

    6.08

    14.61

    27,595

    14.61

     

    1,666,539

    8.27

    2.34

    970,891

    2.79

    At December 31, 2002 and 2001, option to purchase 343,578 shares and 326,864 shares of common stock were exercisable, respectively.

    Warrants

    The Board has authorized a contingent grant of warrants for Mali Kuo, as former chief executive officer, to purchase 250,000 shares of the Company's common stock, subject to attainment of certain financing targets for the Company. These warrants have an exercise price of $6.37. None of these warrants have been exercised to date.

    In connection with the sale of preferred stock to OPLI in 1998, the Company granted a 2 year option to purchase 428,571 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.25. The Board subsequently authorized an extension to January 25, 2002 for the exercise of the OPLI option. The options were not exercised and have been cancelled. Additionally, OPLI had been given the right to invest $3.5 million in the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $3.29, which right expired on January 25, 2002. The right was not exercised and has been cancelled.

    In connection with bridge loans issued in June and July 2003, the Company issued warrants to purchase 130,375 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.65 per share. The warrants are exercisable beginning in November 2003 and expire in November 2004. The fair value of the warrants, calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, totaling $132, was recorded as a discount on the loans and accreted to interest expense.

    In June 2003, the Company issued warrants to purchase 50,000 to a former Board member as part of his separation. The warrants are exercisable immediately and expire in July 2006. The fair value of the warrants, calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, totaling $74, was recorded as compensation expense.

    In connection with a private placement in July 2003, the Company issued warrants to purchase 1,293,643 shares of common stock to investors at an exercise price of $2.80 per share. The warrants are exercisable beginning in January 2004 and expire in July 2006. The Company has the right to redeem any unexercised warrants for $0.10 per warrant upon 30 days notice, if the underlying shares have been registered and the Company's common stock has a closing sale price over $3.50 per share for ten consecutive trading days on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market. In December 2003, warrants to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock were exercised. In connection with the private placement, the Company issued 129,364 warrants to purchase the common stock units (one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock) issued in the private placement at $1.40 per share to the placement agent. The warrants are exercisable on the earlier of January 8, 2004 or the effective date of the registration statement covering the resale of the common stock and expire in July 2006.

    Warrants to acquire the Company's common stock outstanding at December 31, 2003 totaled 3,107,412. The following table sets forth the key terms of these warrants:

    Date of Grant

    Underlying Security

    Shares Granted


    Vesting of Grant

    Expiration Date

    Average
    Exercise
    Price

    Reasons for Grant of Warrants

    01/08/99

    Common Stock

    250,000

    Closing of Financing

    01/08/09

    6.37

    Employee Services

    04/04/01

    Common Stock

    130,000

    Immediate

    04/04/04

    2.75

    Raising Capital

    04/04/01

    Common Stock

    150,000

    Immediate

    04/04/04

    2.75

    Employee Services

    08/07/01

    Common Stock

    30,000

    Immediate

    08/06/04

    3.05

    Legal Services

    07/08/02

    Common Stock

    394,030

    Immediate

    07/08/07

    1.34

    Board Services

    07/08/02

    Common Stock

    30,000

    Immediate

    07/08/07

    1.34

    Future Board Services

    06/17/03

    Common Stock

    50,000

    Immediate

    06/16/06

    1.61

    Board Services

    07/07/03

    Common Stock

    130,375

    November 2003

    11/15/04

    1.65

    Bridge Financing

    07/07/03

    Common Stock

    1,373,007

    January 2004

    07/06/06

    2.67

    Private Placements

    07/28/03

    Common Stock

    10,000

    Immediate

    07/06/06

    3.50

    Purchase

    09/01/03

    Common Stock

    265,000

    Immediate

    08/31/06

    1.75

    Consultant Services

    09/01/03

    Common Stock

    45,000

    Immediate

    09/01/08

    1.75

    Board Services

    09/03/03

    Common Stock

    200,000

    Immediate

    09/03/07

    1.75

    Private Placement

    11/18/03

    Common Stock

    50,000

    Immediate

    11/18/04

    1.65

    Private Placement

     

     

    3,107,412

     

     

    2.59

     

    The warrants granted in 2002 and 2001 to Board members and employees were done at prices equal to the fair market value of the stock at the date of grant and as such no compensation expense was recognized in 2002 or 2001 in accordance with APB 25 intrinsic value accounting. The warrants granted for legal services and capital raising services in connection with the issuance of common stock have been valued using the fair value at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company has accounted for the warrants granted for legal services by recognizing as an expense the fair value of the warrants at the date of grant. The warrants granted for capital raising services have been recorded as issuance costs of the transactions.

    Employee Stock Purchase Plan

    In September 1997, the shareholders approved 71,429 shares for distribution under the Company's employee stock purchase plan which employees may purchase shares, subject to certain limitations, at no less than 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the shares at the beginning or end of a three-month purchase period. The first enrollment period for the stock purchase plan began on April 1, 1998. As of December 31, 2003, no shares have been distributed to employees under this plan.

  29. Employee Benefit Plan
  30. During fiscal 1998, the Company implemented a 401(k) tax-deferred savings plan under which all U.S. employees may contribute up to 16% of their compensation, subject to certain Internal Revenue Service limitations. The Company has not contributed to the plan to date. The plan was discontinued effective December 13, 2001. Total plan assets at December 31, 2002 were $118 were and distributed to the participants of the plan during the year 2003. There are no plan assets as of December 31, 2003.

  31. Segment Information
  32. The Company operates in one business segment, which includes developing, producing and marketing digital video systems and sub-assemblers and computer peripherals.

    The Company's net sales by product line are as follows:

     

    _________ Year Ended December 31,__________

     

    2003

    2002

    2001

    Product line:

     

     

     

    Net sales

     

     

     

    DVD products

    $ 88,747

    $ 154,943

    $158,091

    CD product

    386

    2,271

    730

    All other

    -

    -

    1,050

     

    $89,133

    $157,214

    $159,871

    A significant portion of the Company's revenue and net income is derived from international sales, particularly from customers based in Asia. Fluctuation of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies and changes in local regulatory or economic conditions could adversely effect operating results.

    Geographic information for revenues and long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 are as follows:

     

    __________Year Ended December 31,__________

     

    2003

    2002

    2001

    Product line:

     

     

     

    Net sales

     

     

     

    Domestic

    $ 380

    $1,517

    $3,051

    Foreign

    88,753

    155,697

    156,820

     

    $89,133

    $157,214

    $159,871

    Identifiable assets

     

     

     

    Domestic

    $1,616

    $2,197

    $5,707

    Foreign

    57,155

    69,230

    39,929

     

    $58,771

    $71,427

    $45,636

    In the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, foreign sales to China were approximately $10 million and $92 million, respectively, and sales to Turkey were approximately $16 million and $37 million, respectively. In the year ended December 31, 2001 foreign sales to China were approximately $125 million.

    In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, Ellion Digital, Inc., Daewoo, and Vestel accounted for 19.7%, 16.2%, and 13.3% of our revenue, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company had a major customer who accounted for approximately 22.9% of our revenue. In the year ended December 31, 2001, the Company had a major customer who accounted for approximately 42.5% of our revenue.

    In the year ended December 31, 2003, the Company had one (1) customer accounting for 61% of the total accounts receivable.

  33. Joint Venture
  34. During 2001, the Company formalized its participation in a joint venture in China. The Company's majority owned subsidiary, DVS Korea, received a 51% ownership interest in exchange for the contribution of cash, assembly and test equipment and the execution of a Technology Investment Exchange Agreement. The Chinese partner received a 39% ownership interest in exchange for a cash contribution and the Company received the remaining 10% ownership interest in exchange for its investment of equipment. The Joint Venture Agreement has been approved by all partners and by the Chinese Government. Since the Company controls the activities of the joint venture, its financial statements have been included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company using historical book values for the Company's investments.

  35. Related Party Transactions
  36. DVS Electronics Pvt. Ltd. formed in 2003, extended to Xalted Information System, Pvt. Ltd. (Xalted) a line of credit allowing for borrowings of up to approximately $280 at an interest rate of 8% per annum. A Co-Chairman of our Company is the Chief Executive Officer of Xalted. There were no borrowings in 2003. Xalted borrowed $154 in January 2004, which was repaid in March 2004. Xalted has provided various operational services to the Company since DVSE's formation last year, including free rent.

    During 2002, certain DVS Korea employees, officers and board members made significant equity investments into Ellion Digital. During 2003, DVS Korea and the joint venture in China had related party transactions with Ellion Digital. During the year ended December 31, 2003, DVS Korea had total sales of approximately $3,127 to Ellion Digital. As of December 31, 2003, DVS Korea had receivables from Ellion Digital of $759 for product and equipment sales. Further, the China joint venture sold products to Ellion Digital in the amount of $14,429 during the year ended December 31, 2003 and had $2,417 in accounts receivable from Ellion Digital as of December 31, 2003.

    License Agreement with Related Party

    On December 10, 2002, the Company executed an exclusive licensing agreement with Jeecom Asia, Inc. Jeecom is a mobile enterprise software developer founded by one of the Company's directors. The Company has agreed to a development fee of $250 of which 50% was paid in January 2003 and the remainder to be paid by April 30, 2003. Royalties will be paid on product unit sales on a sliding scale based on volume sold.

    Sales to Related Party

    During the year ended December 31, 2001, DVS Korea sold under letter of credit arrangements, $48 million of product to a partner in the China joint venture.

    Accounts Payable from Related Party

    At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company had accounts payable to SIIG, a partner in the China joint venture of $524 and $434, respectively.

    Financing with Related Party

    In the private placement in July 2003 a director and an officer of the Company purchased 45,000 shares of common stock for approximately $63 and received warrants to purchase 75,375 shares of common stock.

  37. Subsequent Events
  38. In January 2004, we sold 1,212,121 shares of our common stock to a group of purchasers for $1.65 per share. The gross proceeds were approximately $2.0 million. The proceeds will be utilized for general corporate purposes and initial funding of DVS Electronics, Pvt. Ltd., (DVSE) the Company's subsidiary in India formed in 2003. As mentioned previously we will require raising of additional capital.

    In February 2004, the Company reached agreement to lease the factory owned by the China joint venture which was vacated in February 2003. The monthly rent is $32 and the lease runs from April 2004 to March 2007. The rental income will cover the rental expense of the new building being leased by the China joint venture.

  39. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
  40. The following tables contain selected unaudited statements of operations information for each quarter of the year ended December 31, 2003, and 2002.

     

    Year Ended December 31, 2003

     

    Fourth Quarter

    Third Quarter

    Second Quarter

    First Quarter

     

    (in thousands, except per share amounts) (unaudited)

    Net revenue

    $ 18,530

    $ 19,677

    $ 23,244

    $ 27,682

    Gross profit

    (2,182)

    2,208

    2,940

    622

    Net loss

    (3,851)

    (1,596)

    (909)

    (1,989)

    Net loss per share (1) - basic and diluted

    $ (0.47)

    $ (0.20)

    $ (0.13)

    $ (0.31)

    Shares used in computation of basic and diluted net loss per share

    8,282

    7,949

    6,832

    6,487

     

    Year Ended December 31, 2002

     

    Fourth Quarter

    Amended Third Quarter

    Second Quarter

    First Quarter

     

    (in thousands, except per share amounts) (unaudited)

    Net revenue

    $ 44,032

    $ 47,756

    $ 42,559

    $ 22,867

    Gross profit

    861

    4,572

    5,719

    133

    Net (loss) income

    (2,040)

    1,847

    715

    (3,513)

    Net(loss) income per share (1) - basic and diluted

    $ (0.34)

    $ 0.31

    $ 0.12

    $ (0.60)

    Shares used in computation of basic and diluted net(loss) income per share

    5,979

    5,889

    5,889

    5,869

    _________

    (1) See Consolidated Statements of Operations.

    The four quarters for net income (loss) per share may not add to the total year because of differences in the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the quarters and the year.

    Gross profit for the 2003 fourth quarter include a charge of approximately $3.6 million related to a book to physical adjustment as well as adjustments to the inventory reserve. In addition, the net loss for the 2003 fourth quarter also included adjustments to reduce general and administrative expenses of approximately $0.9 million due to the release of accruals no longer required. The effect of these adjustments was to increase the 2003 fourth quarter net loss and net loss per share by approximately $2.7 million and $0.33 per share.








DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

Schedule II

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

(in thousands)

Description

Balance at
Beginning
of Period

Additions
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses

Deductions

Balance at
End of Period

2003:

 

 

 

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

$ 127

$ 763

$ 410

$ 480

Warranty reserve

130

-

76

54

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance

9,930

1,970

-

11,900

Reserve for slow moving and obsolete inventory

410

677

-

1,087

2002:

 

 

 

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

$ 320

$ 18

$ 211

$ 127

Warranty reserve

335

53

258

130

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance

18,131

-

8,201

9,930

Reserve for slow moving and obsolete inventory

328

82

-

410

2001:

 

 

 

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

$ 952

$ 423

$1,055

$ 320

Warranty reserve

128

207

-

335

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance

15,360

2,771

-

18,131

Reserve for slow moving and obsolete inventory

397

-

69

328








SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Palo Alto, State of California on this 12th day of April 2004.

DIGITAL VIDEO SYSTEMS, INC.

By: /s/ Douglas T. Watson  
Douglas T. Watson
Chief Executive Officer and Director

By: /s/ Robert Baker
Robert Baker
Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ Douglas T. Watson
Douglas T. Watson

Chief Executive Officer and Director

April 12, 2004

/s/ Dr. Edmund Y. Sun
Dr. Edmund Y. Sun

Director

April 13, 2004

/s/ Pratap K. Kondamoori
Pratap K. Kondamoori

Director

April 12, 2004

/s/ John Fuller
John Fuller

Director

April 12, 2004

/s/ Venkatapathi N. Rayapati
Venkatapathi N. Rayapati

Director

April 12, 2004

/s/ Grover Wickersham
Grover Wickersham

Director

April 12, 2004

/s/ Tom Spanier
Tom Spanier

Director

April 12, 2004








EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number

Document

3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.(1)

3.2

Bylaws of the Company.(1)

4.1

Specimen Common Stock Certificate.(3)

4.2

Form of Warrant Agreement (the "Warrant Agreement") by and among the Company, American Stock Transfer and Trust Company and the Underwriter (including forms of Class A and Class B Warrant certificates).(3)

4.3

Form of Underwriter's Unit Purchase Option (issued in connection with the Company's initial public offering).(1)

4.4

Warrant Agreement.(1)

4.5

Escrow Agreement dated as of April 23, 1996 among American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, the Company and Optionholders listed on Exhibit B thereto.(3)

4.6

Form of Subscription Agreement from the Bridge Financing.(2)

4.7

Escrow Agreement dated as of October 17, 1996 made by and between the Company and Dr. Edmund Y. Sun.(4)

4.8

Escrow Agreement dated as of October 17, 1996 made by and among the Company, Dr. Edmund Sun and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company.(4)

4.9

Escrow Agreement dated as of October 17, 1996 made by and among the Company, the shareholders named on the signature pages thereto and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company.(4)

4.10

Form of Amendment to the Warrant Agreement.(4)

4.11

Form of Underwriter's Unit Purchase Option.(4)

10.1

1993 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan.(2)

10.2

Employment Agreement as of March 1, 1996 between the Company and Dr. Edmund Sun.(2)

10.3

Product Agreement made March 16, 1993 between Hyundai and the Company.(1)

10.4

Technical Assistance and License Agreement made March 16, 1993 between Hyundai and the Company.(1)

10.5

1995 Hyundai Technical Assistance and License Agreement.(1)

10.6

Consulting Agreement made as of February 1, 1996 between the Company and Intermarkt.(1)

10.7

Sublease Agreement, dated as of November 15, 1995, between the Company and McAfee Associates, Inc. (along with consent to sublease and master lease agreement).(1)

10.8

House Leasing Agreements dated August 31, 1994 and September 6, 1994 for facility in Taiwan (translated).(1)

10.9

Form of Indemnity Agreement with the Company's officers and directors.(1)

10.10

Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement made as of January 21, 1994 between the Company and Hyundai.(1)

10.11

Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement made as of April 1995 between the Company and Hyundai.(1)

10.12

Consulting and Employment Agreement between the Company and Robert B. Pfannkuch entered into as of March 15, 1996.(2)

10.13

Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of October 17, 1996 by and between the Company, ViComp Technology, Inc. and the shareholders of ViComp Technology, Inc.(4)

10.14

Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 17, 1996 by and between the Company and the shareholders of ViComp Technology, Inc. named therein.(4)

10.15

1996 Stock Option Plan.(4)

10.16

Consulting Agreement made as of September 27, 1996 between the Company and Sitrick and Company Inc.(4)

10.17

Office Lease Agreement commencing on October 15, 1996 between the Company and Paulsen Office Park.(4)

10.18

Lease, dated July 17, 1996, between the Company and Ken Yang Real Estate (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.(4)

10.19

Letter dated April 10, 1997 from Robert B. Pfannkuch to the Company regarding resignation as an Officer.(5)

10.20

Employment Agreement between the Company and Thomas R. Parkinson entered into March 28, 1997.(5)

10.21

Settlement Agreement and General Release entered into January 30, 1997 between the Company and Janis P. Gemignani.(5)

10.22

Joint Venture Agreement dated as of August 5, 1997 by and between D.V.S. H.K., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Panyu Tian Le Electrical Appliance Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (6)

10.23

Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of July 25, 1997 by and between the Company and Arris Interactive LLC. (7)

10.24

Amendment No. 1 to Asset Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and Arris Interactive LLC dated as of August 1, 1997. (7)

10.25

Form of Escrow Agreement by and between the Company and Arris Interactive LLC. (7)

10.26

1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (8)

10.27

1993 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan. (8)

10.28

1996 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan. (8)

10.29

Employment Agreement dated as of August 1, 1997 by and between the Company and Gary Franza. (9)

10.30

Ownership Shares Transfer Agreement by and between D.V.S. H.K., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Panyu.(10)

10.31

Lease Agreement by and between D.V.S. H.K., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Panyu.(10)

10.32

Form of Joint Venture Partner Substitution Agreement (superceded).(10)

10.33

Employment Agreement dated as of January 12, 1998 by and between the Company and Edward Miller.(10)

10.34

Lease Agreement by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Dell Enterprises. (10)

10.35

Asset Purchase Agreement dated as May 8, 1998 by and between the Company and Hyundai Electronic Industries Company, Ltd. (11)

10.36

Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement dated June 23, 1998 by and between the Company and Hyundai Electronic Industries Company, Ltd. (11)

10.37

Joint Venture Partner Substitution Agreement (11)

10.38

Amendment to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 26, 1998 by and between the Company and Arris Interactive LLC. (11)

10.39

Employment Agreement dated as of May 8, 1998 by and between the Company and Sung Hee Lee. (12)

10.40

Subscription Agreement dated June 24, 1998 by and between the Company and Dr. Edmund Sun. (12)

10.41

Investment Agreement by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Oregon Power Lending Institution (13)

10.42

Convertible Promissory Note of $1,000,000 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated November 12, 1998. (14)

10.43

Convertible Promissory Note of $500,000 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated December 31, 1998. (14)

10.44

Convertible Promissory Note of $200,000 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated January 21, 1999. (14)

10.45

Convertible Promissory Note of $100,000 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated February 2, 1999. (14)

10.46

Convertible Promissory Note of $186,000 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated February 3, 1999. (14)

10.47

Convertible Promissory Note of $100,000 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated February 5, 1999. (14)

10.48

Convertible Promissory Note of $100,000 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated February 8, 1999. (14)

10.49

Convertible Promissory Note of $433,326.40 payable to Oregon Power Lending Institution dated February 11, 1999. (14)

10.52

Lease agreement with Hyundai Capital Services dated January 28, 1999. (14)

10.53

Regarding the issuance of common stock and Series C Preferred Stock in connection with that certain investment agreement entered into with Oregon Power Lending Institution and also constituting notice of action taken without a meeting. (15)

10.54

Sublease Agreement dated as of November 17, 1998 by and among Digital Video Systems, Inc., Savoir Technology Group and Technology Park Atlanta, Inc. (17)

10.55

Lease Termination Agreement dated as of November 17, 1998 by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc and Dell Enterprises. (17)

10.56

Lease agreement dated as of December 18th, 1998 by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Sun and Sun LLP. (17)

10.57

Agreement dated as of February 1999 by and among Digital Video Systems, Inc., Savoir Technology Group and Technology Park Atlanta, Inc. (17)

10.58

Employment Agreement dated as of February 18, 1999 by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Mali Kuo. (17)

10.59

Finder's Agreement dated as of January 8, 1999 by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Mali Kuo. (17)

10.60

Agreement dated as of April 28, 1999 by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Chinapro. (17)

10.61

Agreement dated as of July 28, 1999 by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Shanghai Industrial Investment (Group) Co., Ltd. (17)

10.62

Purchase and Option Agreement dated as of September 30, 1999 by and between Digital Video Systems, Inc. and Oregon Power Lending Institution. (16)

21.1

List of Subsidiaries

23.1

Consent of Burr, Pilger & Mayer LLP Independent Auditors

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

________

(1) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 333-2228), as filed with the Commission on March 8, 1996.

(2) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 333-2228) as filed with the Commission on April 23, 1996.

(3) Incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 333-2228), as filed with the Commission on May 8, 1996.

(4) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration Statement No. 333-15471), as filed with the Commission on November 4, 1996.

(5) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Form 10-KSB for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 1997 as filed with the Commission on June 30, 1997.

(6) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 15, 1997.

(7) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 26, 1997.

(8) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Commission on August 11, 1997.

(9) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 1997 as filed with the Commission on November 19, 1997.

(10) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 1997 as filed with the Commission on February 12, 1998.

(11) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Form 10-KSB for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 1998 as filed with the Commission on July 14, 1998.

(12) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 as filed with the Commission on August 14, 1998.

(13) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 3, 1998.

(14) Incorporated by reference from the Company's Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended December 31, 1998 as filed with the Commission on February 23, 1999.

(15) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Commission on April 7, 1999.

(16) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 30, 1999.

(17) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-KSB filed with the Commission on July 31, 2000.