The discussion in this quarterly report contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, assumptions, and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Statements that constitute forward-looking statements are usually identified by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "projects," "expects," "plans," "intends," or similar expressions. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking stat
ements: excess tractor and trailer capacity in the trucking industry; decreased demand for our services or loss of one or more of our major customers; surplus inventories; recessionary economic cycles and downturns in customers' business cycles; strikes, work slow downs, or work stoppages at our facilities, or at customer, port, or other shipping related facilities; increases or rapid fluctuations in fuel prices as well as fluctuations in hedging activities and surcharge collection, the volume and terms of diesel purchase commitments, increases in interest rates, fuel taxes, tolls, and license and registration fees; increases in the prices paid for new revenue equipment changes in the resale value of our used equipment; increases in compensation for and difficulty in attracting and retaining qualified drivers and independent contractors; elevated experience in the frequency and severity of claims relating to accident, cargo, workers' compensation, health, and other claims; high insurance premiums; fluctuatio
ns in claims expenses that result from high self-insured retention amounts and differences between estimates used in establishing and adjusting claims reserves and actual results over time; seasonal factors such as harsh weather conditions that increase operating costs; competition from trucking, rail, and intermodal competitors; regulatory requirements that increase costs or decrease efficiency, including revised hours-of-service requirements for drivers; the ability to successfully execute our initiative of improving the profitability of medium length of haul movements; and the ability to identify acceptable acquisition candidates, consummate acquisitions, and integrate acquired operations. Readers should review and consider these factors along with the various disclosures we make in press releases, stockholder reports, and public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not assume, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to update any forward looking statements in this report.
DIV>
Executive Overview
We are one of the ten largest truckload carriers in the United States measured by revenue. We focus on targeted markets where we believe our service standards can provide a competitive advantage. We are a major carrier for transportation companies such as freight forwarders, less-than-truckload carriers, and third-party logistics providers that require a high level of service to support their businesses as well as for traditional truckload customers such as manufacturers and retailers.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2004, total revenue increased $9.1 million, or 2.1%, to $439.4 million compared to $430.3 million in the 2003 period. Net income increased 22.4% to $9.9 million, or $.66 per diluted share, from $8.1 million or $.55 per diluted share, for the first nine months of 2003. We have been executing a strategy based on constraining our fleet size and improving our asset productivity, with the goal of returning to an operating ratio (operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue) of below 90%. For the third quarter, our operating ratio was 92.7%, the first time it has been under 93% since the fourth quarter of 1999. This reflected an improvement of 130 basis points over the 94.0% operating ratio we posted in the third quarter of 2003.
Our operating results reflected a good freight environment for most of the quarter as well as high fuel prices and tough competition for drivers. Freight demand was strong for most of the quarter. Our business mix reflected a continuation of our trend toward a shorter length of haul and more dedicated routes as we allocate our capacity toward more productive customers and lanes. We are maintaining our historical focus on a substantial transcontinental team operation, but we are shifting a meaningful portion of medium length of haul movements toward shorter lengths of haul. The general effects on our business have been higher rates offset partially by lower mileage utilization and an increase in non-revenue miles. Overall, we believe the shift has been a major factor in the improvements in our profitability over
the past several quarters.
For the quarter, we increased our average freight revenue per loaded mile 11.9% compared with the third quarter of 2003, primarily because of a favorable relationship between freight demand and available truck capacity. Average freight revenue per total mile increased 10.5%, reflecting a modest increase in non-revenue miles associated with a decrease in our average length of haul. Average freight revenue per tractor per week, our main measure of asset productivity, increased 2.2%, reflecting higher rates partially offset by fewer average miles per tractor. Our mileage utilization was negatively impacted by our shorter average length of haul, a decrease in the percentage of team-driven tractors, and an increase in the percentage of our tractors that did not have drivers.
On the expense side, our after-tax costs increased almost 10%, or $.11 per mile compared with the third quarter of 2003. The main factors were a $.044 increase in compensation expense driven primarily by increases in driver pay, a $.029 increase in fuel cost per mile net of fuel surcharge recovery, and an approximately $.022 per mile increase in our cost of insurance and claims resulting from an increase in our accrual rate for accidents. The increase in our ownership and operating costs associated with our tractor/trailer fleet has begun to flatten out as the maintenance savings of a newer fleet are offsetting more of the increased capital and trade-in costs of acquiring the new fleet. At September 30, 2004, the average age of our tractor and trailer fleets were 1.5 years and 2.7 years, respectively, compared w
ith 2.1 years and 4.1 years, respectively, a year ago.
Looking forward, we believe driver availability will continue to be the most pressing issue facing us and the industry for the foreseeable future. We expect competition for quality drivers to remain intense and that driver numbers will be the most substantial limiting factor on capacity growth. We expect many carriers to use future rate increases to increase driver compensation.
At September 30, 2004, we had $201.9 million in stockholders' equity and $60.2 million in balance sheet debt.
Revenue
We generate substantially all of our revenue by transporting freight for our customers. Generally, we are paid by the mile or by the load for our services. The main factors that affect our revenue are the revenue per mile we receive from our customers, the percentage of miles for which we are compensated, the number of tractors operating and the number of miles we generate with our equipment. These factors relate to, among other things, the U.S. economy, inventory levels, the level of truck capacity in our markets, specific customer demand, the percentage of team-driven tractors in our fleet, driver availability and our average length of haul.
We also derive revenue from fuel surcharges, loading and unloading activities, equipment detention, and other accessorial services. Historically, we have measured freight revenue, before fuel and accessorial surcharges, in addition to total revenue. After the new hours-of-service regulations that became effective January 4, 2004, accessorial revenue, primarily for equipment detention and stop offs, has increased significantly. Under the new regulatory requirements, we have determined it to be appropriate to reclassify accessorial revenue, excluding fuel surcharges, into freight revenue, and our historical financial statements have been conformed to this presentation. We continue to report fuel surcharge revenue separately. We measure revenue before fuel surcharges, or freight revenue, because we beli
eve that fuel surcharges tend to be a volatile source of revenue. We believe the exclusion of fuel surcharges affords a more consistent basis for comparing the results of operations from period to period.
We operate tractors driven by a single driver and also tractors assigned to two-person driver teams. Over time the percentage of our revenue generated by driver teams has trended down, although the mix will depend on a variety of factors over time. Our single driver tractors generally operate in shorter lengths of haul, generate fewer miles per tractor, and experience more non-revenue miles, but the lower productive miles are expected to be offset by generally higher revenue per loaded mile and the reduced employee expense of compensating only one driver. We expect operating statistics and expenses to shift with the mix of single and team operations.
Expenses and Profitability
For 2004, the key factors that we expect to affect our profitability are our revenue per mile, our miles per tractor, our compensation of drivers, our capital cost of revenue equipment, fuel costs, our costs of maintenance and our insurance and claims expense. Our costs for driver compensation and the ownership and financing of our new equipment have increased significantly over the past year. To overcome these cost increases and improve our margins we will need to achieve significant increases in revenue per tractor, particularly in revenue per mile. We also expect the following to significantly impact our profitability: maintenance costs, which we expect to decrease because of a newer tractor fleet, insurance and claims, which can be volatile due to our large self-insured retention; miles per tractor, which wi
ll be affected by our ability to attract and retain drivers in an increasingly competitive driver market; and our success with improving the profitability of our solo driver fleet.
Looking forward, our profitability goal is to return to an operating ratio of approximately 90%. We expect this to require additional improvements in revenue per tractor per week, particularly in revenue per mile, to overcome expected additional cost increases to expand our margins. Because a large percentage of our costs are variable, changes in revenue per mile affect our profitability to a greater extent than changes in miles per tractor.
Revenue Equipment
At September 30, 2004, we operated approximately 3,517 tractors and 8,847 trailers. Of our tractors, approximately 2,219 were owned, 1,060 were financed under operating leases, and 238 were provided by independent contractors, who own and drive their own tractors. Of our trailers, approximately 1,046 were owned and approximately 7,801 were financed under operating leases. Currently, substantially all of our tractors are covered by arrangements under which we may trade back or cause equipment manufacturers to repurchase the tractor for a specified value. The trade-in or buy-back values approximate our expected disposition values of the tractors. Our assumptions represent management's best estimate, and actual values could differ by the time those tractors are scheduled for trade.
Because of the increases in purchase prices and lower residual values, the annual expense per tractor on model year 2004 and 2005 tractors is expected to be higher than the annual expense on the units being replaced. The timing of these expenses could be affected in future periods as we continue to transition from a four year trade cycle to a three year trade cycle for tractors. We expect to complete the upgrade of our tractor fleet by the end of 2004.
We finance a portion of our tractor fleet and most of our trailer fleet with off-balance sheet operating leases. These leases generally run for a period of three years for tractors and seven years for trailers. With our tractor trade cycle currently transitioning from approximately four years back to three years, we have been purchasing the leased tractors at the expiration of the lease term, although there is no commitment to purchase the tractors. The first trailer leases expire in 2005, and we have not determined whether to purchase trailers at the end of these leases.
Independent contractors (owner operators) provide a tractor and a driver and are responsible for all operating expenses in exchange for a fixed payment per mile. We do not have the capital outlay of purchasing the tractor. The payments to independent contractors and the financing of equipment under operating leases are recorded in revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation. Expenses associated with owned equipment, such as interest and depreciation, are not incurred, and for independent contractor tractors, driver compensation, fuel, and other expenses are not incurred. Because obtaining equipment from independent contractors and under operating leases effectively shifts financing expenses from interest to "above the line" operating expenses, we evaluate our efficiency using net margin rather than op
erating ratio.
The following table sets forth the percentage relationship of certain items to total revenue and freight revenue:
|
|
Three Months Ended
September 30, |
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
September 30, |
|
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
Total revenue |
|
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
|
Freight revenue (1) |
|
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
Salaries, wages, and related expenses |
|
36.6 |
|
38.1 |
|
Salaries, wages, and related expenses |
|
39.5 |
|
39.8 |
Fuel expense |
|
21.6 |
|
18.0 |
|
Fuel expense (1) |
|
15.4 |
|
14.4 |
Operations and maintenance |
|
5.0 |
|
6.9 |
|
Operations and maintenance |
|
5.4 |
|
7.2 |
Revenue equipment rentals and purchased
transportation |
|
10.9 |
|
12.7 |
|
Revenue equipment rentals and purchased
transportation |
|
11.8 |
|
13.3 |
Operating taxes and licenses |
|
2.3 |
|
2.3 |
|
Operating taxes and licenses |
|
2.5 |
|
2.4 |
Insurance and claims |
|
6.5 |
|
5.6 |
|
Insurance and claims |
|
7.0 |
|
5.9 |
Communications and utilities |
|
1.0 |
|
1.3 |
|
Communications and utilities |
|
1.1 |
|
1.3 |
General supplies and expenses |
|
2.3 |
|
2.4 |
|
General supplies and expenses |
|
2.4 |
|
2.5 |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
7.1 |
|
6.8 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
7.6 |
|
7.1 |
Total operating expenses |
|
93.3 |
|
94.2 |
|
Total operating expenses |
|
92.7 |
|
94.0 |
Operating income |
|
6.7 |
|
5.8 |
|
Operating income |
|
7.3 |
|
6.0 |
Other (income) expense, net |
|
0.7 |
|
0.2 |
|
Other (income) expense, net |
|
0.7 |
|
0.2 |
Income before income taxes |
|
6.1 |
|
5.6 |
|
Income before income taxes |
|
6.6 |
|
5.9 |
Income tax expense |
|
3.0 |
|
2.9 |
|
Income tax expense |
|
3.2 |
|
3.0 |
Net income |
|
3.1% |
|
2.8% |
|
Net income |
|
3.4% |
|
2.9% |
|
|
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended
September 30, |
|
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
Total revenue |
|
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
|
Freight revenue (1) |
|
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
Salaries, wages, and related expenses |
|
37.3 |
|
38.4 |
|
Salaries, wages, and related expenses |
|
39.9 |
|
40.3 |
Fuel expense |
|
20.6 |
|
19.0 |
|
Fuel expense (1) |
|
15.2 |
|
15.0 |
Operations and maintenance |
|
5.2 |
|
7.1 |
|
Operations and maintenance |
|
5.6 |
|
7.4 |
Revenue equipment rentals and purchased
transportation |
|
12.2 |
|
11.6 |
|
Revenue equipment rentals and purchased
transportation |
|
13.1 |
|
12.2 |
Operating taxes and licenses |
|
2.4 |
|
2.4 |
|
Operating taxes and licenses |
|
2.6 |
|
2.6 |
Insurance and claims |
|
6.2 |
|
6.0 |
|
Insurance and claims |
|
6.6 |
|
6.3 |
Communications and utilities |
|
1.1 |
|
1.2 |
|
Communications and utilities |
|
1.2 |
|
1.3 |
General supplies and expenses |
|
2.4 |
|
2.4 |
|
General supplies and expenses |
|
2.5 |
|
2.6 |
Depreciation and amortization |
|
7.6 |
|
7.3 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
8.1 |
|
7.6 |
Total operating expenses |
|
95.0 |
|
95.5 |
|
Total operating expenses |
|
94.6 |
|
95.3 |
Operating income |
|
5.0 |
|
4.5 |
|
Operating income |
|
5.4 |
|
4.7 |
Other (income) expense, net |
|
0.4 |
|
0.3 |
|
Other (income) expense, net |
|
0.4 |
|
0.4 |
Income before income taxes |
|
4.6 |
|
4.2 |
|
Income before income taxes |
|
4.9 |
|
4.4 |
Income tax expense |
|
2.4 |
|
2.3 |
|
Income tax expense |
|
2.5 |
|
2.4 |
Net income |
|
2.2% |
|
1.9% |
|
Net income |
|
2.4% |
|
2.0% |
(1) |
Freight revenue is total revenue less fuel surcharge revenue. Fuel surcharge revenue is shown netted against the fuel expense category ($11.3 million and $6.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2004, and 2003, respectively, and $28.2 million and $20.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, and 2003, respectively). |
COMPARISON OF THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2004 TO THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2003
For the quarter ended September 30, 2004, total revenue increased $5.5 million, or 3.7% to $151.9 million, compared with $146.5 million in the 2003 period. Total revenue includes $11.3 million and $6.2 million of fuel surcharge revenue in the 2004 and 2003 periods, respectively. For comparison purposes in the discussion below, we use freight revenue (total revenue less fuel surcharge revenue) when discussing changes as a percentage of revenue. We believe removing this sometimes volatile source of revenue affords a more consistent basis for comparing the results of operations from period to period.
Freight revenue remained relatively constant at $140.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2004, and $140.3 million in the same period of 2003. Revenue per tractor per week increased to $3,035 in the 2004 period from $2,971 in the 2003 period, primarily attributable to an 11.9% increase in rate per loaded mile. The increase was partially offset by a 7.5% decrease in average miles per tractor and an increase in non-revenue miles. Weighted average tractors decreased to 3,517 in the 2004 period from 3,586 in the 2003 period, mainly due to a decrease in the number of independent contractors to an average of 265 during the 2004 period versus an average of 396 in the 2003 period. We have elected to constrain the size of our tractor fleet until fleet utilization and profitability improve.
Salaries, wages, and related expenses decreased $0.3 million, or 0.5%, to $55.6 million in the 2004 period, from $55.9 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, salaries, wages, and related expenses decreased to 39.5% in the 2004 period, from 39.8% in the 2003 period. Driver pay increased $1.5 million or 27.8% of freight revenue in the 2004 period from 26.8% of freight revenue in the 2003 period. The increase was largely attributable to pay increases and new retention bonus programs, partially offset by our utilizing a larger percentage of single-driver tractors, where only one driver per tractor is compensated. Management expects driver wages, excluding benefits, to increase as a result of the pay increases and retention programs. Our payroll expense for employees, other than over the road
drivers, decreased to 7.0% of freight revenue in the 2004 period from 7.4% of freight revenue in the 2003 period, primarily due to a decrease in headcount in the maintenance department, related to our newer equipment fleet. Health insurance, employer paid taxes, workers' compensation, and other employee benefits decreased approximately $1.3 million to 4.7% of freight revenue in the 2004 period from 5.7% of freight revenue in the 2003 period. The 2003 period included a $0.7 million workers compensation claim related to a natural gas explosion in our Indianapolis terminal.
Fuel expense, net of fuel surcharge revenue of $11.3 million in the 2004 period and $6.2 million in the 2003 period, increased $1.4 million, or 6.91%, to $21.6 million in the 2004 period, from $20.2 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, net fuel expense increased to 15.4% in the 2004 period from 14.4% in the 2003 period, primarily due to higher fuel prices and lower fuel mileage due to government mandated emissions standards that have resulted in less fuel efficient engines. Fuel prices increased sharply during 2003 and have remained at high levels into 2004. Fuel surcharges amounted to $0.103 per revenue mile in the 2004 period and $0.051 per revenue mile in the 2003 period, which partially offset the increased fuel expense. Fuel costs may be affected in the future by price fluctuation
s, volume purchase commitments, the terms and collectibility of fuel surcharges, the percentage of miles driven by independent contractors, and lower fuel mileage due to government mandated emissions standards that have resulted in less fuel efficient engines.
Operations and maintenance, consisting primarily of vehicle maintenance, repairs and driver recruitment expenses, decreased $2.5 million to $7.7 million in the 2004 period from $10.2 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, operations and maintenance decreased to 5.4% in the 2004 period from 7.2% in the 2003 period. The decrease resulted in part from the implementation of our equipment plan to change our four year tractor trade cycle back to a period of approximately three years, which has reduced the average age of our tractor fleet. Accordingly, maintenance costs have decreased. The average age of our tractor and trailer fleets decreased to 18 and 32 months at September 30, 2004, from 25 and 49 months as of September 30, 2003, respectively. The maintenance savings are expected to be part
ially offset by increased driver recruiting expense due to the greater demand for trucking services and a tighter supply of drivers.
Revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation decreased $2.0 million, or 11.0%, to $16.6 million in the 2004 period, from $18.6 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation expense decreased to 11.8% in the 2004 period from 13.3% in the 2003 period. The decrease is due principally to a decrease in the percentage of our total miles that were driven by independent contractors, which more than offset an increase in revenue equipment rental payments. Payments to independent contractors decreased $3.9 million to $7.8 million in the 2004 period from $11.7 million in the 2003 period, mainly due to a decrease in the independent contractor fleet to an average of 265 during the 2004 period versus an average of 396 in the 2003 period. Tracto
r and trailer equipment rental expense increased $1.9 million, to $8.8 million compared with $6.9 million in the same period of 2003. We had financed approximately 1,060 tractors and 7,801 trailers under operating leases at September 30, 2004, compared with 910 tractors and 4,560 trailers under operating leases at September 30, 2003.
Operating taxes and licenses remained essentially constant at $3.5 million and $3.3 million in the 2004 and 2003 periods, respectively. As a percentage of freight revenue, operating taxes and licenses also remained essentially constant at 2.5% in the 2004 period and 2.4% in the 2003 period.
Insurance and claims, consisting primarily of premiums and deductible amounts for liability, physical damage, and cargo damage insurance and claims, increased $1.6 million, or 19.0%, to $9.8 million in the 2004 period from $8.2 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, insurance and claims increased to 7.0% in the 2004 period from 5.9% in the 2003 period. Our insurance and claims expense as a percentage of revenue has been approximately 7% of revenue for the past three quarters. The increase compared with the third quarter of 2003 resulted primarily from excellent safety experience during the 2003 quarter and adverse development of several claims from periods prior to the third quarter of 2004. Over the past years, we have increased our self-insured retentions significantly. Due to the rapi
d increase in our deductibles and the size of our claims accrual, we decided to have an independent study of our reserves and accrual process. The review should be completed in the fourth quarter of this year. During the first quarter of 2004, we renewed our casualty program through February 2005. Under our casualty program, we are self-insured for personal injury and property damage claims for amounts up to $2.0 million per occurrence for the first $5.0 million of exposure. However, our insurance policy also provides for an additional $4.0 million self-insured aggregate amount, with a limit of $2.0 million per occurrence until the $4.0 million aggregate threshold is reached. For example, if we were to experience during the policy year three separate personal injury and property damage claims each resulting
in exposure of $5.0 million, we would be self-insured for $4.0 million with respect to each of the first two claims, and for $2.0 million with respect to the third claim and any subsequent claims during the policy year. Insurance and claims expense will vary based on the frequency and severity of claims, the premium expense, and the level of self-insured retention and may cause our insurance and claims expense to be higher or more volatile in future periods than in historical periods.
Communications and utilities expense remained essentially constant at $1.6 million in the 2004 period and $1.9 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, communications and utilities also remained essentially constant at 1.1% in the 2004 period and 1.3% in the 2003 period.
General supplies and expenses, consisting primarily of headquarters and other terminal facilities expenses, remained essentially constant at $3.4 million in the 2004 period and $3.5 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, general supplies and expenses remained essentially constant at 2.4% in the 2004 period and 2.5% in the 2003 period.
Depreciation and amortization, consisting primarily of depreciation of revenue equipment increased $0.7 million or 7.4% to $10.7 million in the 2004 period from $10.0 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, depreciation and amortization increased to 7.6% in the 2004 period from 7.1% in the 2003 period. The increase primarily related to trade-in preparation costs and losses on the sale of equipment partially offset by a decrease in the value of owned revenue equipment being depreciated due to more equipment being leased instead of purchased. To the extent equipment is leased under operating leases, the amounts will be reflected in revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation. <
/STRONG>Depreciation and amortization expense is net of any gain or loss on the disposal of tractors and trailers. Loss on the disposal of tractors and trailers was approximately $0.7 million in the 2004 period compared to a gain of $0.8 million in the 2003 period.
Amortization expense relates to deferred debt costs incurred and covenants not to compete from five acquisitions. Goodwill amortization ceased beginning January 1, 2002, in accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, and we evaluate goodwill and certain intangibles for impairment, annually. During the second quarter of 2004, we tested our goodwill ($11.5 million) for impairment and found no impairment.
Other expense, net, increased $0.8 million to $1.0 million in the 2004 period from $0.2 million in the 2003 period. The increase is due to a $0.4 million interest charge related to a proposed disallowed IRS transaction. During the quarter we also recognized an approximately $50,000 pre-tax, non-cash gain in the 2004 period related to the accounting for interest rate derivatives under SFAS No. 133, compared to a gain of approximately $250,000 in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, other expense, net, increased to 0.7% in the 2004 period from 0.2% in the 2003 period. The other expense category includes interest expense, interest income, and pre-tax non-cash gains or losses related to the accounting for interest rate derivatives under SFAS No. 133.
Our income tax expense was $4.5 million and $4.2 million in the 2004 and 2003 periods, respectively. The effective tax rate is different from the expected combined tax rate due to permanent differences related to a per diem pay structure implemented in 2001. Due to the nondeductible effect of per diem, our tax rate will fluctuate in future periods as income fluctuates.
Primarily as a result of the factors described above, net income increased approximately $0.7 million to $4.7 million in the 2004 period from $4.1 million in the 2003 period. As a result of the foregoing, our net margin increased to 3.4% in the 2004 period from 2.9% in the 2003 period.
COMPARISON OF NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2004 TO NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2003
For the nine months ended September 30, 2004, total revenue increased $9.1 million, or 2.1% to $439.4 million, compared with $430.3 million in the 2003 period. Total revenue includes $28.2 million and $20.2 million of fuel surcharge revenue in the 2004 and 2003 periods, respectively. For comparison purposes in the discussion below, we use freight revenue (total revenue less fuel surcharge revenue) when discussing changes as a percentage of revenue. We believe removing this sometimes volatile source of revenue affords a more consistent basis for comparing the results of operations from period to period.
Freight revenue remained relatively constant at $411.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2004, and $410.1 million in the same period of 2003. Revenue per tractor per week increased to $2,925 in the 2004 period from $2,861 in the 2003 period, primarily attributable to a 9.0% increase in rate per loaded mile partially offset by a 4.6% decrease in average miles per tractor and an increase in non-revenue miles. Weighted average tractors decreased to 3,582 in the 2004 period from 3,665 in the 2003 period. We have elected to constrain the size of our tractor fleet until fleet utilization and profitability improve.
Salaries, wages, and related expenses decreased $1.4 million, or 0.9%, to $163.9 million in the 2004 period, from $165.3 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, salaries, wages, and related expenses decreased to 39.9% in the 2004 period, from 40.3% in the 2003 period. Driver pay increased to 27.3% of freight revenue in the 2004 period from 27.0% of freight revenue in the 2003 period. The increase was largely attributable to pay increases and new retention bonus programs, partially offset by our utilizing a larger percentage of single-driver tractors, where only one driver per tractor is compensated. Management expects driver wages, excluding benefits, to increase as a result of the pay increase and the retention programs. Our payroll expense for employees, other than over the road drivers
, decreased to 7.0% of freight revenue in the 2004 period from 7.3% of freight revenue in the 2003 period, primarily due to a decrease in headcount in the maintenance department, related to our newer equipment fleet. Health insurance, employer paid taxes, workers' compensation, and other employee benefits decreased approximately $1.8 million to 5.5% of freight revenue in the 2004 period from 6.0% of freight revenue in the 2003 period. The decrease is primarily due to improving claims experience in our group health insurance plan and in the 2003 period we incurred a $0.7 million claim relating to a natural gas explosion in our Indianapolis terminal.
Fuel expense, net of fuel surcharge revenue of $28.2 million in the 2004 period and $20.2 million in the 2003 period, increased $1.0 million, or 1.6%, to $62.5 million in the 2004 period, from $61.5 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, net fuel expense increased to 15.2% in the 2004 period from 15.0% in the 2003 period, primarily due to higher freight rates and lower miles per tractor partially offset by higher fuel prices and lower fuel mileage due to government mandated emissions standards that have resulted in less fuel efficient engines. Fuel prices increased sharply during 2003 and have remained at high levels into 2004. Fuel surcharges amounted to $0.086 per revenue mile in the 2004 period and $0.057 per revenue mile in the 2003 period, which partially offset the increased fuel e
xpense. Fuel costs may be affected in the future by price fluctuations, volume purchase commitments, the terms and collectibility of fuel surcharges, the percentage of miles driven by independent contractors, and lower fuel mileage due to government mandated emissions standards that have resulted in less fuel efficient engines.
Operations and maintenance, consisting primarily of vehicle maintenance, repairs and driver recruitment expenses, decreased $7.6 million to $22.9 million in the 2004 period from $30.4 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, operations and maintenance decreased to 5.6% in the 2004 period from 7.4% in the 2003 period. The decrease resulted in part from the implementation of our equipment plan. Over the past eighteen months, we have accepted delivery of approximately 2,285 tractors and 4,444 trailers and have disposed of approximately 2,186 tractors and 3,175 trailers. We are changing our four year tractor trade cycle back to a period of approximately three years, which has reduced the average age of our tractor fleet. Accordingly, maintenance costs have decreased. The average age of our tra
ctor and trailer fleets decreased to 18 and 32 months at September 30, 2004, from 25 and 49 months as of September 30, 2003, respectively. The maintenance savings are expected to be partially offset by increased driver recruiting expense due to the greater demand for trucking services and a tighter supply of drivers.
Revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation increased $3.7 million, or 7.5%, to $53.7 million in the 2004 period, from $50.0 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation expense increased to 13.1% in the 2004 period from 12.2% in the 2003 period. The increase is due principally to an increase in revenue equipment rental payments, partially offset by a decrease in the percentage of our total miles that were driven by independent contractors. Tractor and trailer equipment rental expense increased $7.8 million, to $25.8 million compared with $18.0 million in the same period of 2003. We had financed approximately 1,060 tractors and 7,801 trailers under operating leases at September 30, 2004, compared with 910 tractors and 4,560 trai
lers under operating leases at September 30, 2003. Payments to independent contractors decreased $4.1 million to $27.9 million in the 2004 period from $32.0 million in the 2003 period. We utilized an average of 326 independent contractors during the 2004 period versus an average of 374 in the 2003 period.
Operating taxes and licenses remained essentially constant at $10.6 million in the 2004 period and $10.5 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, operating taxes and licenses also remained essentially constant at 2.6% in the 2004 and 2003 periods.
Insurance and claims, consisting primarily of premiums and deductible amounts for liability, physical damage, and cargo damage insurance and claims, increased $1.2 million, or 4.8%, to $27.1 million in the 2004 period from $25.8 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, insurance and claims increased to 6.6% in the 2004 period from 6.3% in the 2003 period. Our insurance and claims expense as a percentage of revenue has been approximately 7% of revenue for the past three quarters. The increase compared with the 2003 period resulted primarily from excellent safety experience during the 2003 quarter and adverse development of several claims from prior periods. Over the past years, we have increased our self-insured retentions significantly. Due to the rapid increase in our deductibles and the
size of our claims accrual, we decided to have an independent study of our reserves and accrual process. The review should be completed in the fourth quarter of this year. During the first quarter of 2004, we renewed our casualty program through February 2005. Under our casualty program, we are self-insured for personal injury and property damage claims for amounts up to $2.0 million per occurrence for the first $5.0 million of exposure. However, our insurance policy also provides for an additional $4.0 million self-insured aggregate amount, with a limit of $2.0 million per occurrence until the $4.0 million aggregate threshold is reached. For example, if we were to experience during the policy year three separate personal injury and property damage claims each resulting in exposure of $5.0 million, we would
be self-insured for $4.0 million with respect to each of the first two claims, and for $2.0 million with respect to the third claim and any subsequent claims during the policy year. Insurance and claims expense will vary based on the frequency and severity of claims, the premium expense, and the level of self-insured retention and may cause our insurance and claims expense to be higher or more volatile in future periods than in historical periods.
Communications and utilities expense decreased approximately $0.4 million to $4.9 million in the 2004 period from $5.3 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, communications and utilities remained essentially constant at 1.2% in the 2004 period and 1.3% in the 2003 period.
General supplies and expenses, consisting primarily of headquarters and other terminal facilities expenses remained essentially constant at $10.4 million in the 2004 period and $10.5 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, general supplies and expenses also remained essentially constant at 2.5% in the 2004 period and 2.6% in the 2003 period.
Depreciation and amortization, consisting primarily of depreciation of revenue equipment, increased $2.0 million or 6.4% to $33.2 million in the 2004 period from $31.2 million in the 2003 period. As a percentage of freight revenue, depreciation and amortization expense increased to 8.1% in the 2004 period from 7.6% in the 2003 period. The increase primarily related to trade-in preparation costs and losses on the sale of equipment partially offset by a decrease in the value of owned revenue equipment being depreciated due to more equipment being leased instead of purchased. To the extent equipment is leased under operating leases, the amounts will be reflected in revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation. Depreciation and amortization expense is net of any gain or loss on the disposal of tractors and trailers. Loss on the disposal of tractors and trailers was approximately $2.1 million in the 2004 period compared to a gain of $0.9 million in the 2003 period.
Other expense, net, increased $0.2 million, or 14.5%, to $1.7 million in the 2004 period from $1.5 million in the 2003 period. The increase is due to a $0.4 million interest charge related to a proposed disallowed IRS transaction and higher interest expense. These increases were partially offset by a $0.5 million pre-tax, non-cash gain in the 2004 period related to the accounting for interest rate derivatives under SFAS No. 133, compared to a gain of $0.2 million in the 2003 period. The other expense category includes interest expense, interest income, and pre-tax non-cash gains or losses related to the accounting for interest rate derivatives under SFAS No. 133.
Our income tax expense was $10.5 million and $9.9 million in the 2004 and 2003 periods, respectively. The effective tax rate is different from the expected combined tax rate due to permanent differences related to a per diem pay structure implemented in 2001. Due to the nondeductible effect of per diem, our tax rate will fluctuate in future periods as income fluctuates.
Primarily as a result of the factors described above, net income increased approximately $1.8 million to $9.9 million in the 2004 period from $8.1 million in the 2003 period. We believe that a favorable relationship between freight demand and the industry wide supply of tractor trailer capacity and our dedication to improving our efficiency, consistent with the factors previously listed, contributed to our increase in earnings. As a result of the foregoing, our net margin increased to 2.4% in the 2004 period from 2.0% in the 2003 period.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our business requires significant capital investments. We historically have financed our capital requirements with borrowings under a line of credit, cash flows from operations and long-term operating leases. Our primary sources of liquidity at September 30, 2004, were funds provided by operations, proceeds under the Securitization Facility, borrowings under our Credit Agreement, each as defined in Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements contained herein, and operating leases of revenue equipment.
Over the past several years, we have financed a large and increasing percentage of our revenue equipment through operating leases. This has reduced the net value of revenue equipment reflected on our balance sheet, reduced our borrowings and increased our net cash flows compared to purchasing all of our revenue equipment. Certain items could fluctuate depending on whether we finance our revenue equipment through borrowings or through operating leases. We expect capital expenditures, primarily for revenue equipment (net of trade-ins), to be approximately $50.0 to $55.0 million in 2004, exclusive of acquisitions of companies, and including assets financed with leases, as we transition back to a three-year trade cycle for tractors and a seven year trade cycle on dry van trailers. We believe our sources of liquidity
are adequate to meet our current and projected needs for at least the next twelve months. On a longer term basis, based on anticipated future cash flows, current availability under our Credit Agreement and Securitization Facility, and sources of equipment lease financing that we expect will be available to us, we do not expect to experience significant liquidity constraints in the foreseeable future.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $26.4 million in the 2004 period and $49.7 million in the 2003 period. In the 2004 period, our primary source of cash flow from operations was net income increased by depreciation and amortization.
Net cash used in investing activities was $27.1 million in the 2004 period and $11.3 million in the 2003 period which related to the purchase of revenue equipment.
Net cash used in financing activities was $1.7 million in the 2004 period, and $36.6 million in the 2003 period. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2004, we reduced outstanding balance sheet debt by $1.5 million and repurchased $2.0 million of company stock, using proceeds from the Credit Agreement. At September 30, 2004, we had outstanding debt of $60.2 million, consisting of $44.2 million in the Securitization Facility and $16.0 million drawn under the Credit Agreement. We repaid a $1.3 million interest bearing note to the former primary stockholder of SRT in September 2004. Interest rates on this debt range from 1.8% to 2.9%.
In May 2004, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan for up to 1.0 million company shares to be purchased in the open market or through negotiated transactions subject to criteria established by the board. During the second quarter of 2004, we purchased a total of 121,500 shares with an average price of $15.75. During the third quarter of 2004, we purchased a total of 4,600 shares with an average price of $16.66. The stock repurchase plan referenced herein expires May 31, 2005.
In April 2003, we engaged in a sale-leaseback transaction involving approximately 1,266 dry van trailers. We sold the trailers to a finance company for approximately $15.6 million in cash and leased the trailers back under three year walk away leases. The resulting gain was approximately $0.3 million and is being amortized over the life of the lease. The monthly cost of the lease payments will be higher than the cost of the depreciation and interest expense; however, there will be no residual risk of loss at disposition.
In April 2003, we also entered into an agreement with a finance company to sell approximately 2,585 dry van trailers and to lease an additional 3,600 model year 2004 dry van trailers. We sold the trailers, which consisted of model year 1991 to model year 1997 dry van trailers, to the finance company for approximately $20.5 million in cash and leased the 3,600 dry van trailers back under seven year walk away leases. The monthly cost of the lease payments will be higher than the cost of the depreciation and interest expense; however, there will be no residual risk of loss at disposition. The transaction was completed in the first quarter of 2004 and the leases begin to expire in June 2010.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
Operating leases have been an important source of financing for our revenue equipment, computer equipment and company airplane. We lease a significant portion of our tractor and trailer fleet using operating leases. At September 30, 2004, we had financed approximately 1,060 tractors and 7,801 trailers under operating leases. Vehicles held under operating leases are not carried on our balance sheet, and lease payments in respect of such vehicles are reflected in our income statements in the line item "Revenue equipment rentals and purchased transportation." Our revenue equipment rental expense was $25.8 million in the 2004 period, compared to $18.0 million in the 2003 period. The total amount of remaining payments under operating leases as of September 30, 2004, was approximately $134.5 million. In connection wit
h the leases of a majority of the value of the equipment we finance with operating leases, we issued residual value guarantees, which provide that if we do not purchase the leased equipment from the lessor at the end of the lease term, then we are liable to the lessor for an amount equal to the shortage (if any) between the proceeds from the sale of the equipment and an agreed value. As of September 30, 2004, the maximum amount of the residual value guarantees was approximately $47.8 million. To the extent the expected value at the lease termination date is lower than the residual value guarantee, we would accrue for the difference over the remaining lease term. We believe that proceeds from the sale of equipment under operating leases would exceed the payment obligation on all operating leases.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make decisions based upon estimates, assumptions, and factors we consider as relevant to the circumstances. Such decisions include the selection of applicable accounting principles and the use of judgment in their application, the results of which impact reported amounts and disclosures. Changes in future economic conditions or other business circumstances may affect the outcomes of our estimates and assumptions. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those anticipated. A summary of the significant accounting policies followed in preparation of the financial statements is contained in Note 1 of the financial statements contained in our annual report on Form 10-
K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003. The following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require significant judgment or use of complex estimates.
Our critical accounting policies include the following:
Property and Equipment - Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We depreciate revenue equipment excluding day cabs over five to ten years with salvage values ranging from 9% to 33%. We evaluate the salvage value, useful life, and annual depreciation of tractors and trailers annually based on the current market environment and our recent experience with disposition values. Any change could result in greater or lesser annual expense in the future. Gains or losses on disposal of revenue equipment are included in depreciation in our statements of operations. We also evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets for impairment by analyzing the operating performance and future cash flows for those assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances i
ndicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. We evaluate the need to adjust the carrying value of the underlying assets if the sum of the expected cash flows is less than the carrying value. Impairment can be impacted by our projection of future cash flows, the level of actual cash flows and salvage values, the methods of estimation used for determining fair values and the impact of guaranteed residuals. Any changes in management's judgments could result in greater or lesser annual depreciation expense or additional impairment charges in the future.
Insurance and Other Claims - Our insurance program for liability, property damage, and cargo loss and damage, involves self-insurance with high risk retention levels. We accrue the estimated cost of the uninsured portion of pending claims. These accruals are based on our evaluation of the nature and severity of the claim and estimates of future claims development based on historical trends, as well as the legal and other costs to settle or defend the claims. Because of our significant self-insured retention amounts, we have significant exposure to fluctuations in the number and severity of claims. If there is an increase in the frequency and severity of claims, or we are required to accrue or pay additional amounts if the claims prove to be more severe than originally assessed, our profitability would be adverse
ly affected.
In addition to estimates within our self-insured retention layers, we also must make judgments concerning our aggregate coverage limits. From 1999 to present, we carried excess coverage in amounts that have ranged from $15.0 million to $49.0 million in addition to our primary insurance coverage, although for the period from July through November 2002, our aggregate coverage limit was $2.0 million because of a fraudulently issued binder for our excess coverage. If any claim occurrence were to exceed our aggregate coverage limits, we would have to accrue for the excess amount, and our critical estimates include evaluating whether a claim may exceed such limits and, if so, by how much. Currently, we are not aware of any such claims. If one or more claims from this period were to exceed the then effective coverage l
imits, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Lease Accounting and Off-Balance Sheet Transactions - Operating leases have been an important source of financing for our revenue equipment, computer equipment and company airplane. We lease a significant portion of our tractor and trailer fleet using operating leases. In connection with the leases of a majority of the value of the equipment we finance with operating leases, we issued residual value guarantees, which provide that if we do not purchase the leased equipment from the lessor at the end of the lease term, then we are liable to the lessor for an amount equal to the shortage (if any) between the proceeds from the sale of the equipment and an agreed value. As of September 30, 2004, the maximum amount of the residual value guarantees was approximately $47.8 million. To the extent the expected value at th
e lease termination date is lower than the residual value guarantee, we would accrue for the difference over the remaining lease term. We believe that proceeds from the sale of equipment under operating leases would exceed the payment obligation on all operating leases. The estimated values at lease termination involve management judgments. As leases are entered into, determination as to the classification as an operating or capital lease involves management judgments on residual values and useful lives.
Accounting for Income Taxes - In this area, we make important judgments concerning a variety of factors, including, the appropriateness of tax strategies, expected future tax consequences based on future company performance, and to the extent tax strategies are challenged by taxing authorities, our likelihood of success. We utilize certain income tax planning strategies to reduce its overall cost of income taxes. It is possible that certain strategies might be disallowed resulting in an increased liability for income taxes. In connection with an audit of our 2001 and 2002 tax returns, the IRS disallowed three of our tax strategies. We have filed an appeal in the matter and we have not yet been contacted by the IRS Appeals Division to schedule a hearing to resolve this issue. In April 2004, we submitte
d a $5.0 million cash bond to the Internal Revenue Service to prevent any future interest expense. We have accrued amounts that we believe are appropriate given our expectations concerning the ultimate resolution of the strategies. Significant management judgments are involved in assessing the likelihood of sustaining the strategies and in determining the likely range of defense and settlement costs, and an ultimate result worse than our expectations could adversely affect our result of operations.
Deferred income taxes represent a substantial liability on our consolidated balance sheet and are determined in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets (tax benefits expected to be realized in the future) and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. We evaluate our deferred tax assets and liabilities on a periodic basis and adjust these balances as appropriate. We belie
ve that we have adequately provided for our future tax consequences based upon current facts and circumstances and current tax law. During the nine months ended September 30, 2004, we made no material changes in our assumptions regarding the determination of deferred income taxes. However, should these tax positions be challenged and not prevail, different outcomes could result and have a significant impact on the amounts reported through our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The carrying value of our deferred tax assets assumes that we will be able to generate, based on certain estimates and assumptions, sufficient future taxable income in certain tax jurisdictions to utilize these deferred tax benefits. If these estimates and related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to reduce the value of the deferred tax assets resulting in additional income tax expense. We believe that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance, will be realized, based on forecasted income. However, there can be no assurance that we will meet our forecasts of future income. We evaluate the deferred tax assets on a periodic basis and assess the need for additional valuation allowances.
INFLATION, NEW EMISSIONS CONTROL REGULATIONS AND FUEL COSTS
Most of our operating expenses are inflation-sensitive, with inflation generally producing increased costs of operations. During the past three years, the most significant effects of inflation have been on revenue equipment prices and the compensation paid to the drivers. New emissions control regulations have resulted in higher tractor prices, and there has been an industry-wide increase in wages paid to attract and retain qualified drivers. The cost of fuel also has risen substantially over the past three years. We believe this increase primarily reflects world events rather than underlying inflationary pressure. We attempt to limit the effects of inflation through increases in freight rates, certain cost control efforts and the effects of fuel prices through fuel surcharges.
The engines used in our newer tractors are subject to new emissions control regulations, which have substantially increased our operating expenses. The new regulations decrease the amount of emissions that can be released by truck engines and affect tractors produced after the effective date of the regulations. Compliance with such regulations has increased the cost of our new tractors and could impair equipment productivity, lower fuel mileage, and increase our operating expenses. Some manufacturers have significantly increased new equipment prices, in part to meet new engine design requirements, and have eliminated or sharply reduced the price of repurchase commitments. These adverse effects combined with the uncertainty
as to the reliability of the vehicles equipped with the newly designed diesel engines and the residual values that will be realized from the disposition of these vehicles could increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business or operations.
Fluctuations in the price or availability of fuel, as well as hedging activities, surcharge collection, and the volume and terms of diesel fuel purchase commitments, may increase our cost of operation, which could materially and adversely affect our profitability. We impose fuel surcharges on substantially all accounts. These arrangements may not fully protect us from fuel price increases and also may result in us not receiving the full benefit of any fuel price decreases. We currently do not have any fuel hedging contracts in place. If we do hedge, we may be forced to make cash payments under the hedging arrangements. A small portion of our fuel requirements for 2004 are covered by volume purchase commitments. Based on cu
rrent market conditions, we have decided to limit our hedging and purchase commitments, but we continue to evaluate such measures. The absence of meaningful fuel price protection through these measures could adversely affect our profitability.
SEASONALITY
In the trucking industry, revenue generally decreases as customers reduce shipments during the winter holiday season and as inclement weather impedes operations. At the same time, operating expenses generally increase, with fuel efficiency declining because of engine idling and weather creating more equipment repairs. For the reasons stated, first quarter net income historically has been lower than net income in each of the other three quarters of the year. Our equipment utilization typically improves substantially between May and October of each year because of the trucking industry's seasonal shortage of equipment on traffic originating in California and our ability to satisfy some of that requirement. The seasonal shortage typically occurs between May and August because California produce carriers' equipment
is fully utilized for produce during those months and does not compete for shipments hauled by our dry van operation. During September and October, business increases as a result of increased retail merchandise shipped in anticipation of the holidays.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks from changes in (i) certain commodity prices and (ii) certain interest rates on its debt.
COMMODITY PRICE RISK
Prices and availability of all petroleum products are subject to political, economic, and market factors that are generally outside our control. Because our operations are dependent upon diesel fuel, significant increases in diesel fuel costs could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Historically, we have been able to recover a portion of long-term fuel price increases from customers in the form of fuel surcharges. The price and availability of diesel fuel and the extent to which fuel surcharges are collected are unpredictable. For the nine months ended September 30, 2004, diesel fuel expenses net of fuel surcharge represented 16.1% of our total operating expenses and 15.2% of freight revenue. At September 30, 2004, we had no derivative financial instruments to redu
ce our exposure to fuel price fluctuations.
We do not trade in derivatives with the objective of earning financial gains on price fluctuations, on a speculative basis, nor do we trade in these instruments when there are no underlying related exposures.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Our market risk is also affected by changes in interest rates. Historically, we have used a combination of fixed rate and variable rate obligations to manage our interest rate exposure. Fixed rate obligations expose us to the risk that interest rates might fall. Variable rate obligations expose us to the risk that interest rates might rise.
Our variable rate obligations consist of our Credit Agreement and our Securitization Facility. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement, provided there has been no default, are based on the banks' base rate, which floats daily, or LIBOR, which accrues interest based on one, two, three or six month LIBOR rates plus an applicable margin that is adjusted quarterly between 0.75% and 1.25% based on a Consolidated Leverage Ratio which is generally defined as the ratio of borrowings, letters of credit, and the present value of operating lease obligations to our earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and rental payments under operating leases. The applicable margin was 1.0% at September 30, 2004.
During the first quarter of 2001, we entered into two $10 million notional amount interest rate swap agreements to manage the risk of variability in cash flows associated with floating-rate debt. The swaps expire January 2006 and March 2006. Due to the counter-parties' embedded options to cancel, these derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments under SFAS No. 133 and consequently are marked to fair value through earnings, in other expense in the accompanying statement of operations. At September 30, 20
04, the fair value of these interest rate swap agreements was a liability of $0.7 million. At September 30, 2004, we had variable, base rate borrowings of $16.0 million outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
Our Securitization Facility carries a variable interest rate based on the commercial paper rate plus an applicable margin of 0.41% per annum. At September 30, 2004, borrowings of $44.1 million had been drawn on the Securitization Facility. Assuming variable rate borrowings under the Credit Agreement and Securitization Facility at September 30, 2004 levels, a one percentage point increase in interest rates could increase our annual interest expense by approximately $401,000.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected or that are reasonably lik
ely to materially affect the our internal control over financial reporting.
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosures.
We have confidence in our internal controls and procedures. Nevertheless, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure procedures and controls or our internal controls will prevent all errors or intentional fraud. An internal control system, no matter how well-conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of such internal controls are met. Further, the design of an internal control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all internal control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all our control issues and instances of fra
ud, if any, have been detected.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION |
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ITEM 1. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time we are a party to ordinary, routine litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, most of which involves claims for personal injury and property damage incurred in connection with the transportation of freight. We maintain insurance to cover liabilities arising from the transportation of freight for amounts in excess of certain self-insured retentions.
On October 26, 2003, a pickup truck collided with a trailer being operating by Southern Refrigerated Transport, Inc. ("SRT"), one of our subsidiaries. Two of the occupants of the pickup were killed in the accident and the other occupant was injured. A lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi on February 4, 2004 on behalf of Donald J. Byrd, an injured passenger in the pickup truck, and an amended complaint was filed on February 18, 2004 on behalf of Mr. Byrd and Marilyn S. Byrd, his wife. The relief sought in the lawsuit is judgment against SRT and the driver of the SRT truck in excess of one million dollars. In addition, we have received demands in the form of letters seeking a total of $27.0 million from attorneys representing potential beneficiaries of the
two decedents who occupied the pickup truck. A formal agreement for full and final settlement has been entered into with the injured passenger and his wife, an order providing for our dismissal has been signed by Mr. and Mrs. Byrd, and a judgment of dismissal with prejudice was entered with the court. Formal agreements for full and final settlements have been entered into with the beneficiaries of both of the decedents, and an order providing for our dismissal has been signed by counsel for one of the parties and filed with the court. It is anticipated that a release will soon be signed and a judgment of dismissal with prejudice will be entered with the court for the other party in the near future. The aforementioned settlements were below the aggregate coverage limits of our insurance policies.
On March 7, 2003 an accident occurred on Interstate 94 near Hixton, Wisconsin. The accident involved a Honda car and one of our trucks. The two adults in the car were killed and a child (age 2) survived with little apparent injury. Suit has been filed in United States District Court in Minnesota against our driver and us. Heirs of one of the decedents made a demand for $20 million in October 2004. It is anticipated that heirs for the other adult decedent and representatives of the child will file additional suits against us. We expect all matters involving the occurrence to be resolved at a level below our aggregate coverage limits of our insurance policies. |
ITEM 2. |
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers (1) |
Period |
Total Number of Shares Purchased |
Average
Price Paid Per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
Maximum Number (or Approx. Dollar Value) of Shares that May yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
April 1, 2004 -
April 30, 2004 |
0 |
N/A |
0 |
1,000,000 |
May 1, 2004 -
May 31, 2004 |
43,200 |
$15.56 |
43,200 |
956,800 |
June 1, 2004 -
June 30, 2004 |
78,300 |
$15.85 |
78,300 |
878,500 |
July 1, 2004 -
July 31, 2004 |
4,600 |
$16.66 |
4,600 |
873,900 |
Total |
126,100 |
$15.78 |
126,100 |
873,900 |
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(1) On May 21, 2004, we announced that the Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to one million (1,000,000) shares of our Class A common stock, subject to criteria established by the Board of Directors. The stock may be purchased on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions at any time until May 31, 2005, at which time, or prior thereto, the Board may elect to extend the repurchase program. This program canceled and replaced the program adopted by the Board of Directors in 2000. |
ITEM 6. |
EXHIBITS |
|
|
Exhibit
Number |
Reference |
Description |
3.1 |
(1) |
Restated Articles of Incorporation |
3.2 |
(1) |
Amended Bylaws dated September 27, 1994. |
4.1 |
(1) |
Restated Articles of Incorporation |
4.2 |
(1) |
Amended Bylaws dated September 27, 1994. |
10.1 |
(2) |
Amendment No. 6 to Loan Agreement dated July 8, 2004 among Three Pillars Funding, LLC (f/k/a Three Pillars Funding Corporation), SunTrust Capital Markets, Inc. (f/k/a SunTrust Equitable Securities Corporation), CVTI Receivables Corporation, and Covenant Transport, Inc., effective June 1, 2004. |
31.1 |
# |
Certification pursuant to Item 601(b)(31) of Regulation S-K, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by David R. Parker, the Company's Chief Executive Officer. |
31.2 |
# |
Certification pursuant to Item 601(b)(31) of Regulation S-K, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Joey B. Hogan, the Company's Chief Financial Officer. |
32 |
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Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by David R. Parker, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, and Joey B. Hogan, the Company's Chief Financial Officer. |
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Incorporated by reference from Form S-1, Registration No. 33-82978, effective October 28, 1994. |
(2) |
Incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q, Commission File No. 0-24960, filed August 5, 2004. |
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Filed herewith. |
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
COVENANT TRANSPORT, INC.
Date: November 4, 2004 /s/ Joey B. Hogan
Joey B. Hogan
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer,
in his capacity as such and on behalf of the issuer.