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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996
OR
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number 1-12644
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New York 13-3261323
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
350 Park Avenue, New York, New York
10022 (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(212) 826-0100
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes / X / No / /
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. / /
The aggregate market value of voting stock, excluding treasury shares, held
by non-affiliates of the registrant at March 14, 1997 was $1,095,363,846 (based
upon the closing price of the registrant's shares on the New York Stock Exchange
on March 14, 1997, which was $35.375). For purposes of the foregoing, only U S
WEST Capital Corporation and Fund American Enterprises Holdings, Inc. were
deemed to be affiliates of the registrant.
At March 14, 1997, there were outstanding 30,964,349 shares of Common
Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the registrant (includes 984,629 shares of
Common Stock owned by a trust on behalf of the Company and excludes 1,311,952
shares of Common Stock actually held in treasury).
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Portions of the registrant's Annual Report to Shareholders for the year
ended December 31, 1996 are incorporated by reference into Part II hereof.
Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement dated March 24, 1997 in
connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 8, 1997 are
incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Item 1. Business........................................................ 2
Item 2. Properties...................................................... 23
Item 3. Legal Proceedings............................................... 23
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders............. 23
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters........................................... 24
Item 6. Selected Financial Data......................................... 24
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations........................... 24
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data..................... 24
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure...................................... 24
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.............. 25
Item 11. Executive Compensation.......................................... 25
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.. 25
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.................. 25
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K. 26
Item 1. Business.
General
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. (the "Company"), through its
wholly owned subsidiary, Financial Security Assurance Inc. ("FSA"), is primarily
engaged in the business of providing financial guaranty insurance on
asset-backed securities and municipal bonds. FSA was the first insurance company
organized to insure asset-backed obligations and has been a leading insurer of
asset-backed obligations (based on number of transactions insured) since its
inception in 1985. FSA expanded the focus of its business in 1990 to include
financial guaranty insurance of municipal obligations. For the year ended
December 31, 1996, FSA had gross premiums written of $177.0 million, of which
45% related to insurance of asset-backed obligations and 55% related to
insurance of municipal obligations. At December 31, 1996, FSA had net insurance
in force of $93.7 billion, of which 68% represented insurance of municipal
obligations and 32% represented insurance of asset-backed obligations. FSA is
licensed to engage in the financial guaranty insurance business in all 50
states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
At December 31, 1993, the Company was owned 92.5% by U S WEST Capital
Corporation ("U S WEST") and 7.5% by The Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Co.,
Ltd. ("Tokio Marine"). The Company completed an initial public offering (the
"IPO") of common shares on May 13, 1994, at which time Fund American Enterprises
Holdings, Inc. ("Fund American") purchased 2,000,000 shares of the Company's
common stock. In connection with the IPO, the Company, U S WEST and Fund
American entered into certain agreements providing, among other things, Fund
American certain rights to acquire additional shares of the Company from the
Company and U S WEST. Pursuant to these agreements, on September 2, 1994, the
Company issued to Fund American 2,000,000 shares of Series A non-dividend paying
voting convertible preferred stock having a liquidation preference of $700,000.
In December 1995, the Company acquired Capital Guaranty Corporation ("Capital
Guaranty") in a merger transaction in which Capital Guaranty became a direct
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the "Merger"). Capital Guaranty through
its wholly owned subsidiary, Capital Guaranty Insurance Corporation ("CGIC"),
provided financial guaranty insurance on municipal bonds. In connection with the
Merger, CGIC, whose principal business is now as a reinsurer of policies written
by FSA, changed its name to Financial Security Assurance of Maryland Inc.
("FSAM"). In May 1996, the Company acquired into treasury 1,000,000 of its
common shares from U S WEST. At December 31, 1996, voting control of the Company
was held 31.0% by U S WEST, 22.3% by Fund American, 5.9% by Tokio Marine and
40.8% by the public and employees. U S WEST has previously announced its
intention to dispose of its remaining interest in the Company as part of its
strategic plan to withdraw from businesses not directly involved in
telecommunications. Substantially all the Company's shares owned by U S WEST are
either subject to stock options held by Fund American or potentially deliverable
in satisfaction of DECS (Debt Exchangeable for Common Stock) securities issued
in May 1996 by U S WEST, Inc.
U S WEST is a subsidiary of U S WEST, Inc., which operates businesses
involved in communications, data solutions, marketing services and capital
assets, including the provision of telephone services in 14 states in the
western and midwestern United States. Fund American is a financial services
holding company whose operating subsidiaries include various insurance companies
and one of the largest mortgage loan servicers in the United States. Tokio
Marine is a major Japanese property and casualty insurance company.
FSA wholly owns FSAM, which in turn wholly owns Financial Security
Assurance of Oklahoma, Inc. ("Oklahoma"). FSAM and Oklahoma provide reinsurance
to FSA.
Financial Security Assurance (U.K.) Limited ("FSA-UK"), a wholly owned
subsidiary of Oklahoma, is authorized to transact an insurance business in the
United Kingdom, and provides financial guaranty insurance for transactions in
the United Kingdom and other European markets.
FSA Portfolio Management Inc. ("FSA Portfolio Management"), a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Company, is engaged in the business of managing the investment
portfolios of the Company and its subsidiaries and of certain third parties.
2
Transaction Services Corporation ("TSC"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Company, is engaged in the business of managing workout transactions within the
insured portfolios of the Company and its subsidiaries and of certain third
parties.
Financial Security Assurance International Inc. ("International") is a
non-operating Indiana insurance company subsidiary of FSA. In connection with
the Merger, substantially all the assets in excess of the minimum required
capital of International and all its liabilities were transferred to FSA.
International is now being held by FSA with the intention to sell it to a third
party.
Industry Overview
Financial guaranty insurance written by FSA typically guarantees scheduled
payments on an issuer's obligations. In the case of a payment default on an
insured obligation, FSA is generally required to pay the principal, interest or
other amounts due in accordance with the obligation's original payment schedule
or, at its option, to pay such amounts on an accelerated basis. FSA's
underwriting policy is to insure asset-backed and municipal obligations that
would otherwise be investment grade without the benefit of FSA's insurance. The
asset-backed obligations insured by FSA are generally issued in structured
transactions backed by pools of assets such as residential mortgage loans,
consumer or trade receivables, securities or other assets having an
ascertainable cash flow or market value. The municipal obligations insured by
FSA consist primarily of general obligation bonds supported by the issuers'
taxing power and special revenue bonds and other special obligations of state
and local governments supported by the issuers' ability to impose and collect
fees and charges for public services or specific projects.
The Company's business objective is to remain a leading insurer of
asset-backed obligations and to become a more prominent insurer of municipal
obligations. The Company's acquisition of Capital Guaranty in December 1995
increased the Company's presence in the insured municipal bond sector. The
Company believes that the demand for its financial guaranty insurance will grow
over the long term in response to anticipated growth in insured asset-backed and
municipal obligations. The Company expects continued growth in the insurance of
asset-backed obligations, due in part to the continued expansion of asset
securitization outside of the residential mortgage sector. In the long term, the
Company also expects continued growth in the insurance of municipal obligations,
due in part to increased issuance of municipal bonds to finance repairs and
improvements to the nation's infrastructure and increased municipal bond
purchases by individuals who generally purchase insured obligations. In
addition, the percentage of new domestic municipal bond volume which is insured
has increased each year since 1986, to 46% for the year ending 1996 according to
published sources. Financial guaranty insurance has also begun to be applied to
obligations of municipal issuers located outside of the United States.
The Company expects to continue to emphasize a diversified insured
portfolio characterized by insurance of both asset-backed and municipal
obligations, with a broad geographic distribution and a variety of revenue
sources and transaction structures.
In addition to its domestic business, the Company pursues international
opportunities and currently operates in the European and Pacific Rim markets.
The Company was the first financial guaranty insurance company to insure
asset-backed obligations in international markets. The Company is also party to
a Cooperation Agreement with Tokio Marine, which provides an arrangement to
develop financial guaranty insurance opportunities in Japan.
Business of FSA
Insurance Markets
FSA writes financial guaranty insurance on asset-backed obligations and
municipal obligations, a description of which follows.
Asset-Backed Obligations
Asset-backed obligations are typically issued in connection with structured
financings or securitizations, in which the securities being issued are secured
by or payable from a specific pool of assets having an ascertainable cash flow
or market value and held by a special purpose issuing entity. While most
asset-backed obligations are
3
secured by or represent interests in diverse pools of assets, such as
residential mortgage loans and credit card and auto loan receivables, monoline
financial guarantors have also insured asset-backed obligations secured by less
diverse payment sources, such as utility mortgage bonds and multifamily real
estate.
In general, asset-backed obligations are payable from cash flow generated
by a pool of assets and take the form of either "pass-through" obligations,
which represent interests in the related assets, or "pay-through" obligations,
which generally are debt obligations collateralized by the related assets. Both
types of asset-backed obligations also generally have the benefit of
overcollateralization, excess cash flow or one or more forms of credit
enhancement to cover credit risks associated with the related assets.
The following table sets forth certain industry information relating to
selected asset-backed obligations for the periods indicated:
New Asset-Backed Obligations
Volume of
Private-Label Volume of Other Combined Asset-Backed Volume
Residential Public Volume Insured by Monoline
Mortgage Asset-Backed of Asset-Backed Insurance
Obligations(1) Obligations(2) Obligations(3) Companies(4)
--------------- ------------------ ------------------ ----------------------
(dollars in billions)
1991........ $49.3 $50.6 $ 99.9 $ 9.8
1992........ 89.5 51.1 140.6 10.3
1993........ 98.5 61.0 159.5 21.4
1994........ 63.2 75.5 138.7 24.7
1995........ 37.0 108.0 145.0 44.7
1996........ 38.4 151.1 189.5 N/A(5)
- ----------
(1) Information is from Inside Mortgage Securities, January 8, 1993, January
14, 1994, January 20, 1995, February 2, 1996, and Inside MBS & ABS,
February 14, 1997, and includes all U.S. public and rated private
residential first mortgage-backed transactions, except obligations issued
or guaranteed by government related entities.
(2) Information is from Asset Sales Report, January 18, 1993, January 25, 1993,
January 10, 1994, January 9, 1995, January 22, 1996, and January 27, 1997,
and includes all U.S. public asset-backed obligations (other than
commercial paper transactions) backed by consumer receivables (including
home equity loans), pooled corporate obligations and commercial mortgages.
(3) Combined volume excludes both (i) private placement non-residential
asset-backed obligations and (ii) asset-backed commercial paper.
(4) Information for 1991 through 1992 is based on data provided in the
Association of Financial Guaranty Insurors (AFGI), Report of Combined
Financial Results and New Business Written for the period ended December
31, 1992. Information for 1993 is based on data provided in the AFGI,
Annual Report 1993. Information for 1994 and 1995 is based upon AFGI
reporting for those years.
(5) Not available.
The issuance of asset-backed obligations of the type included in the table
experienced substantial growth in each year over the 1991 to 1996 period, with
the exception of 1994. The combined volume of such asset-backed obligations grew
from $99.9 billion in 1991 to $189.5 billion in 1996.
During 1991, credit card obligations were the largest single component of
public, non-residential asset-backed obligations. Automobile loans were the
largest component in 1992 and 1993. Credit card obligations were the largest
component in 1994 , 1995 and 1996.
The par value of new asset-backed obligations insured by monoline financial
guaranty insurance companies rose in every year from 1991 through 1995.
The growth in the issuance of asset-backed obligations since 1991 has been
due in part to increased capital requirements of commercial banks and insurance
companies and the contraction of credit extended to corporations. Banks have
responded to increased capital requirements by selling certain of their assets,
such as credit card receivables and automobile loans, in securitized structures
to the financial markets. Moreover, many corporations have found securitization
of their assets to be a less costly funding alternative to traditional forms of
borrowing.
4
Residential mortgage-backed issuance declined in 1994 because interest
rates rose, causing a reduction in mortgage loan refinancings and therefore in
the amount of new loan originations available for securitization. The decline
continued in 1995, as interest rates stabilized, and ended in 1996. In addition,
a substantial amount of residential first mortgage loans were securitized in the
home equity loan sector of the asset-backed market in 1996.
The demand for asset securitizations continues to deepen and broaden as
issuers securitize new classes of assets through increasingly complex
structures. Properly structured credit enhancements are often attractive in
providing market acceptability, liquidity and security.
Municipal Obligations
Municipal obligations include bonds, notes and other evidences of
indebtedness issued by states and their political subdivisions (such as
counties, cities or towns), utility districts, public universities and
hospitals, public housing and transportation authorities and other public and
quasi-public entities. Municipal obligations are supported by the issuer's
taxing power in the case of general obligation bonds, or by the issuer's ability
to impose and collect fees and charges for public services or specific projects
in the case of most special revenue bonds.
Insurance of municipal obligations represents the largest portion of the
financial guaranty insurance business. Since the early 1980s, insured municipal
obligation volume has grown substantially in terms of insurance in force, the
number of municipalities issuing insured obligations and the types of municipal
obligations that are insured. In the 1980s, insured new-issue volume peaked in
1985 in anticipation of tax reform legislation. After passage of the Tax Reform
Act of 1986, new-issue volume declined in 1987, but increased until 1994. The
percentage of municipal obligations insured has also increased substantially
since 1986. The low market interest rates which prevailed during 1993 resulted
in record levels of new issuances and refundings of municipal bonds. As
expected, these record levels of issuances and refundings were not sustained
when interest rates increased. Consequently, the volume of issuances and
refundings of municipal bonds, and opportunities to write insurance for such
bonds, fell significantly in 1994 and modestly in 1995. Both total issuance and
refundings increased in 1996.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding long-term
municipal obligations, issued during the periods indicated:
Insured Municipal Obligations(1)
New Insured
Volume
New New as Percent
Year Total Volume Insured Volume of New Total Volume
---- ------------ -------------- -------------------
(dollars in billions)
1987 ...... $105.0 $19.1 18.2%
1988 ...... 117.3 27.1 23.1
1989 ...... 125.0 31.1 24.9
1990 ...... 127.8 33.5 26.2
1991 ...... 172.4 51.9 30.1
1992 ...... 234.6 80.8 34.4
1993 ...... 291.9 108.0 37.0
1994 ...... 164.6 61.4 37.3
1995 ...... 160.3 68.5 42.7
1996 ...... 184.4 85.2 46.2
- ----------
(1) Information is based on data provided in The Bond Buyer, January 27, 1996.
Volume is expressed on the basis of principal value insured.
Types of Products
FSA's insurance is employed in both the new issue and secondary markets.
Insurance premium rates take into account the cost and the projected return to
and the risk assumed by FSA. Critical factors in assessing risk
5
include the credit quality of the issuer, type of issue, sources of repayment,
transaction structure and term to maturity. Each obligation is evaluated on the
basis of, and the final premium rate is a function of, such factors and subject
to FSA's underwriting guidelines.
In the case of new issues, the insured obligations are sold with FSA
insurance at the time the obligations are issued. For both municipal and
asset-backed obligations, FSA participates in negotiated offerings, where the
investment banker and often the insurer have been selected by the sponsor or
issuer. In addition, FSA participates in competitive offerings, where
underwriting syndicates bid for securities and submit bids that may include
insurance.
In the secondary market, FSA's Triple-A Guaranteed Secondary Securities
(TAGSS(R)) Program provides insurance for uninsured asset-backed obligations
trading in the secondary market. TAGSS-insured securities include utility first
mortgage bonds, sale-leaseback bonds and asset-backed securities supported by
residential mortgages and receivables. FSA's Custody Receipt Program provides
insurance for uninsured municipal obligations trading in the secondary market.
The insurance of obligations outstanding in the secondary market generally
affords a wider secondary market and therefore greater marketability to a given
issue of previously issued obligations. FSA's underwriting guidelines require it
to apply the same underwriting standards on secondary market issues that it does
on new security issues, although the evaluation procedures are typically
abbreviated.
FSA also writes portfolio insurance for securities held by investment
funds, such as unit investment trusts and mutual funds. Such insurance covers
securities either while they are held by the fund or to their maturity, whether
or not held by the fund.
The following table indicates the percentages of par amount (net of
reinsurance) outstanding at December 31, 1996 and 1995 with respect to each type
of asset-backed and municipal program:
Net Par Amount and Percentage Outstanding by Program Type
December 31, 1996
-----------------------------------------------------------
Asset-Backed Programs Municipal Programs
---------------------------- ---------------------------
Percent of Percent of
Net Total Net Par Net Total Net Par
Par Amount Amount Par Amount Amount
Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(dollars in millions)
New Issue................. $21,455 93.7% $29,390 85.5%
Secondary Market.......... 1,417 6.2 4,986 14.5
Portfolio Insurance....... 26 0.1 13 0.0
------- ----- ------- -----
Total................ $22,898(2) 100.0% $34,389(3) 100.0%
======= ===== ======= =====
December 31, 1995
------------------------------------------------------------
Asset-Backed Programs Municipal Programs
---------------------------- ----------------------------
Percent of Percent of
Net Total Net Par Net Total Net Par
Par Amount Amount Par Amount Amount
Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding
----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(dollars in millions)
New Issue................. $15,343 91.7% $22,560 83.5%
Secondary Market.......... 1,356 8.1 4,451 16.4
Portfolio Insurance....... 33 0.2 14 0.1
------- ----- ------- -----
Total................ $16,732(1) 100.0% $27,025(2) 100.0%
======= ===== ======= =====
- ----------
(1) Excludes $302 million and $331 million par amount outstanding assumed by
FSA under reinsurance agreements at December 31, 1996 and 1995,
respectively.
(2) Excludes $1,605 million and $1,891 million par amount outstanding assumed
by FSA under reinsurance agreements at December 31, 1996 and 1995,
respectively.
Insurance in Force
FSA has insured a variety of asset-backed obligations, including
obligations backed by residential mortgages, consumer receivables, corporate
bonds, bank loans, government debt and commercial mortgages. FSA
6
has insured a broad array of municipal obligations. FSA has also insured
investor-owned utility first mortgage bonds.
FSA ceased writing insurance for commercial mortgage transactions in 1990
and announced its withdrawal from this sector of its business in 1992. In
December 1993, in anticipation of the IPO, the Company took certain steps (the
"Restructuring") to reduce its risk of loss from commercial mortgage
transactions previously insured by FSA and its subsidiaries. As part of the
Restructuring, (i) the Company established Commercial Reinsurance Company
("Commercial Re"), a special purpose reinsurance company; (ii) the Company
distributed all the outstanding shares of Commercial Re to the existing
shareholders of the Company in proportion to their ownership interests in the
Company at the time; and (iii) Commercial Re assumed approximately 64.4% of the
exposure of FSA and its subsidiaries, on a weighted average basis, on commercial
mortgage transactions previously insured by FSA and its subsidiaries.
FSA has selectively expanded its insured portfolio in a manner intended to
achieve diversification. At December 31, 1996, FSA and its subsidiaries had in
force 487 issues insuring approximately $32.5 billion in gross direct par amount
outstanding of asset-backed obligations and 2,485 issues insuring approximately
$45.0 billion in gross direct par amount outstanding of municipal obligations.
In addition, at December 31, 1996, FSA had assumed pursuant to certain
reinsurance contracts approximately $0.3 billion and $1.7 billion in par amount
outstanding on asset-backed and municipal obligations, resulting in a total
gross par amount outstanding of approximately $79.5 billion. At such date, the
total net par amount outstanding, determined by reducing the gross par amount
outstanding to reflect reinsurance ceded of approximately $20.3 billion, was
approximately $59.2 billion. At December 31, 1996, the weighted average life of
the direct principal insured on these policies was approximately five and
thirteen years, respectively, for asset-backed and municipal obligations.
Asset-Backed Obligations
FSA's insured portfolio of asset-backed obligations is divided into seven
major areas:
Residential Mortgages. Obligations primarily backed by residential
mortgages generally take the form of conventional pass-through certificates or
pay-through debt securities, but also include commercial paper obligations and
other highly structured products. Residential mortgages backing these insured
obligations include closed-end first mortgages and closed- and open-end second
mortgages or home equity loans on one-to-four family residential properties,
including condominiums and cooperative apartments.
Consumer Receivables. Obligations primarily backed by consumer receivables
include conventional pass-through and pay-through securities as well as more
highly structured transactions. Consumer receivables backing these insured
obligations include automobile loans and leases, credit card receivables, mobile
home loans, timeshare loans and limited partnership investor notes.
Government Securities. Obligations primarily backed by government
securities include insured investment funds that invested in government
securities and insured bonds backed by letters of credit or repurchase
agreements collateralized by government securities. Government securities
include full faith and credit obligations of the United States and obligations
of public and quasi-public agencies of the United States, such as the Federal
National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, as
well as obligations of non-U.S. sovereigns.
Pooled Corporate Obligations. Obligations primarily backed by pooled
corporate obligations include obligations collateralized by corporate debt
securities or corporate loans and obligations backed by cash flow or market
value of non-consumer indebtedness. Corporate obligations include corporate
bonds, bank loan participations, trade receivables and equity securities.
Investor-Owned Utility Obligations. Obligations backed by investor-owned
utilities include, most commonly, first mortgage bond obligations of for-profit
electric or water utilities providing retail, industrial and commercial service,
and also include sale-leaseback obligation bonds supported by such entities. In
each case, these bonds are secured by a mortgage on property owned by or leased
to an investor-owned utility.
7
Commercial Mortgage Portfolio. FSA ceased writing insurance in this sector
in 1990 and as part of the Restructuring obtained reinsurance from Commercial Re
relating to risk of loss in this sector. Obligations backed by commercial
mortgages are divided into commercial real estate and corporate secured
obligations. Commercial real estate obligations are primarily backed by
commercial real estate, including hotel properties, office buildings and
warehouses and consist of pay-through bonds, pass-through certificates and more
structured products, with credit protection provided by property cash flow,
property values, first loss letters of credit, cash reserves and other means.
Corporate secured obligations generally take the form of bond obligations
secured by mortgages on properties leased to one or more affiliated corporate
tenants, in which the obligations are secured primarily by the lease cash flow
and secondarily by the value of the mortgaged properties
Other Asset-Backed Obligations. Other asset-backed obligations insured by
FSA include bonds or other securities backed by a combination of assets that
include elements of more than one of the categories set forth above.
Municipal Obligations
FSA's insured portfolio of municipal obligations is divided into seven
major areas:
General Obligation Bonds. General obligation bonds are issued by states,
their political subdivisions and other municipal issuers, and are supported by
the general obligation of the issuer to pay from available funds and by a pledge
of the issuer to levy taxes sufficient in an amount to provide for the full
payment of the bonds to the extent other available funds are insufficient.
Housing Revenue Bonds. Housing revenue bonds include both multifamily and
single family housing bonds, with multi-tiered security structures based on the
underlying mortgages, reserve funds, and various other features such as Federal
Housing Administration or private mortgage insurance, bank letters of credit,
and, in some cases, the general obligation of the issuing housing agency or a
state's "moral obligation" (that is, not a legally binding commitment) to make
up deficiencies.
Municipal Utility Revenue Bonds. Municipal utility revenue bonds include
obligations of all forms of municipal utilities, including electric, water and
sewer utilities. Insurable utilities may be organized as municipal enterprise
systems, authorities or joint-action agencies.
Health Care Revenue Bonds. Health care revenue bonds include both long-term
maturities for capital construction or improvements of health care facilities
and medium-term maturities for equipment purchase.
Tax-Supported (Non-General Obligation) Bonds. Tax-supported (non-general
obligation) bonds include a variety of bonds that, though not general
obligations, are supported by the taxing ability of the issuer, such as
tax-backed revenue bonds and lease revenue bonds. Tax-backed revenue bonds may
be secured by a first lien on pledged tax revenues, such as those from special
taxes, including those on retail sales and gasoline, or from tax increments (or
tax allocations) generated by growth in property values within a district. FSA
also insures bonds secured by special assessments, levied against property
owners, which benefit from covenants by the district to levy, collect and
enforce collections and to foreclose on delinquent properties. Lease revenue
bonds or certificates of participation (COPs) may be secured by long-term
obligations or by lease obligations subject to annual appropriation. The
financed project is generally real property or equipment that, in the case of
annual appropriation leases, FSA deems to serve an essential public purpose
(e.g., schools, prisons, courts) or, in the case of long-term leases, is
insulated from the risk of abatement resulting from nontenantability.
Transportation Revenue Bonds. Transportation revenue bonds include a wide
variety of revenue-supported bonds, such as bonds for airports, ports, tunnels,
parking facilities, toll roads and toll bridges.
Other Municipal Bonds. Other municipal bonds insured by FSA include college
and university revenue bonds, resource recovery bonds and debt issued,
guarantied or otherwise supported by the national or local governments of
Australia, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Spain and Sweden.
A summary of FSA's insured portfolio at December 31, 1996 is shown below:
8
Summary of Insured Portfolio at December 31, 1996
Percent
Number of
of Net Par Net Net
Issues In Amount Par and Par and
Force Outstanding Interest Interest
---------- ------------ ----------- ----------
(dollars in millions)
Asset-backed obligations
Residential mortgages................ 261 $10,987 $15,307 16.3%
Consumer receivables................. 118 7,548 8,316 8.9
Government securities................ 19 1,477 1,629 1.7
Pooled corporate obligations........ 27 1,663 1,918 2.0
Investor-owned utility obligations... 51 791 2,020 2.2
Commercial mortgage portfolio:
Commercial real estate............. 9 113 138 0.1
Corporate secured.................. 3 66 99 0.1
Other asset-backed obligations....... 9 555 669 0.8
---------- ------------ ----------- ----------
Total asset-backed obligations..... 497 23,200 30,096 32.1
---------- ------------ ----------- ----------
Municipal obligations
General obligation bonds............. 1,522 12,523 20,422 21.8
Housing revenue bonds................ 252 1,794 4,116 4.4
Municipal utility revenue bonds...... 296 4,671 8,393 9.0
Health care revenue bonds............ 100 2,854 5,450 5.8
Tax-supported (non-general
obligation) bonds.................. 410 8,805 15,462 16.5
Transportation revenue bonds......... 40 1,479 2,847 3.0
Other municipal bonds................ 263 3,868 6,917 7.4
---------- ------------ ----------- ----------
Total municipal obligations........ 2,883 35,994 63,607 67.9
---------- ------------ ----------- ----------
Total.......................... 3,380 $59,194 $93,703 100.0%
========== ============ =========== ==========
9
Obligation Type
The table below sets forth the relative percentages of net par amount
written of obligations insured by FSA by obligation type during each of the last
five years:
Annual New Business Insured by Obligation Type
Year Ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Obligation Type 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
--------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Asset-backed obligations
Residential mortgages.................... 29% 26% 25% 14% 18%
Consumer receivables..................... 25 29 23 12 9
Government securities.................... 1 0 0 0 9
Pooled corporate obligations............ 1 10 4 1 4
Commercial Mortgage Portfolio:
Commercial real estate................. 0 0 0 0 0
Corporate secured ..................... 0 0 0 0 0
Investor-owned utility obligations....... 0 0 2 3 0
Other asset-backed obligations 2 1 2 3 1
----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------
Total asset-backed obligations......... 58 66 56 33 41
Municipal obligations
General obligations bonds................ 20 11 12 14 15
Housing revenue bonds.................... 1 2 1 3 4
Municipal utility revenue bonds.......... 4 4 8 10 9
Health care revenue bonds................ 2 3 4 7 8
Tax-supported (non-general
obligation) bonds...................... 9 6 11 17 12
Transportation revenue bonds............. 1 6 1 3 4
Other municipal bonds.................... 5 2 7 13 7
----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------
Total municipal obligations............ 42 34 44 67 59
----------- ----------- --------- --------- --------
Total.............................. 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
=========== =========== ========= ========= ========
Terms to Maturity
The table below sets forth the estimated terms to maturity of FSA's
policies at December 31, 1996 and 1995:
Estimated Terms to Maturity of Net Par of Insured Obligations(1)
December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995
------------------------------ --------------------------------
(in millions)
Estimated Asset- Asset-
Term to Maturity Backed Municipal Backed Municipal
---------------- ------ --------- ------ ---------
0 to 5 Years............................ $ 7,424 $ 1,571 $ 5,931 $ 3,293
5 to 10 Years........................... 3,920 3,841 3,679 4,713
10 to 15 Years.......................... 1,461 6,272 1,183 4,299
15 to 20 Years.......................... 714 11,433 423 6,986
20 Years and Above...................... 9,681 12,877 5,847 9,625
------------- ------------- ------------- ---------------
Total................................ $23,200 $35,994 $17,063 $28,916
============= ============= ============= ===============
- ----------
(1) Based on estimates made by the issuers of the insured obligations as of the
original issuance dates of such obligations. Actual maturities could differ
from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or
prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
10
Issue Size
The tables below set forth information with respect to the original net par
amount of insurance written per issue insured by FSA at December 31, 1996:
Asset-Backed
Original Net Par Amount Per Issue(1)
Percent of
Percent of Total
Total Net Par Net Par
Original Number Number Amount Amount
Net Par Amount of Policies of Issues Outstanding Outstanding
-------------- ------------- -------------- --------------- ---------------
(dollars in millions)
Less than $10 million............ 449 43.8% $ 718 3.1%
$10 to $25 million............... 123 12.0 1,156 5.1
$25 to $50 million............... 127 12.4 2,185 9.5
$50 million or greater........... 326 31.8 18,839 82.3
----- ----- ------- -----
Total......................... 1,025 100.0% $22,898 100.0%
===== ===== ======= =====
- ----------
(1) Does not include $302 million net par amount outstanding assumed by FSA and
its subsidiaries under reinsurance agreements.
Municipal
Original Net Par Amount Per Issue(1)
Percent of
Percent of Total
Total Net Par Net Par
Original Number Number Amount Amount
Net Par Amount of Policies of Issues Outstanding Outstanding
-------------- ------------- -------------- --------------- ---------------
(dollars in millions)
Less than $10 million............... 3,994 77.0% $10,037 29.2%
$10 to $25 million.................. 707 13.6 7,424 21.6
$25 to $50 million.................. 251 4.8 5,872 17.1
$50 million or greater.............. 237 4.6 11,056 32.1
----- ----- ------- -----
Total............................ 5,189 100.0% $34,389 100.0%
===== ===== ======= =====
- ----------
(1) Does not include $1,605 million net par amount outstanding assumed by FSA
and its subsidiaries under reinsurance agreements.
Geographic Concentration
In its asset-backed business, FSA considers geographic concentration as a
factor in underwriting insurance covering securitizations of asset pools such as
residential mortgage loans or consumer receivables. However, after the initial
issuance of an insurance policy relating to such securitizations, the geographic
concentration of the underlying assets may change over the life of the policy.
In addition, in writing insurance for other types of asset-backed obligations,
such as securities primarily backed by government or corporate debt, geographic
concentration is not deemed by FSA to be a significant credit factor given other
more relevant measures of diversification such as issuer or industry
diversification.
FSA seeks to maintain a diversified portfolio of insured municipal
obligations designed to spread its risk across a number of geographic areas. The
table below sets forth those jurisdictions in which municipalities issued an
aggregate of 2% or more of FSA's net par amount outstanding of insured municipal
securities:
11
Municipal
Insured Portfolio by Jurisdiction
at December 31, 1996
Percent of Total
Net Par Municipal Net
Number Amount Par Amount
Jurisdiction of Issues Outstanding Outstanding
------------ ------------ ---------------- ---------------
(dollars in millions)
California................... 337 $5,669 15.8%
New York..................... 218 3,508 9.7
Florida...................... 96 2,189 6.1
Pennsylvania................. 157 2,106 5.9
Texas........................ 248 1,804 5.0
New Jersey .................. 175 1,733 4.8
Illinois..................... 193 1,320 3.7
Michigan .................... 118 1,145 3.2
Massachusetts................ 84 1,093 3.0
Minnesota.................... 113 1,080 3.0
Louisiana.................... 81 908 2.5
Wisconsin.................... 114 762 2.1
All other states............. 923 11,698 32.5
Non-U.S...................... 26 979 2.7
----- ------- -----
Total................... 2,883 $35,994 100.0%
===== ======= =====
Issuer Concentration
FSA has adopted underwriting and exposure management policies designed to
limit the net insurance in force for any one credit. In many cases, FSA uses
reinsurance to limit net exposure to any one credit. At December 31, 1996,
insurance of asset-backed obligations constituted 32.1% of FSA's net insurance
in force and insurance of municipal obligations constituted 67.9% of FSA's net
insurance in force. At such date, FSA's ten largest insured asset-backed
transactions represented $3.9 billion, or 16.8%, of its total net par amount
outstanding, and FSA's ten largest insured municipal credits represented $2.9
billion, or 8.2%, of its total net par amount outstanding. For purposes of the
foregoing, different issues of asset-backed securities by the same sponsor have
not been aggregated. FSA has, however, adopted underwriting policies
establishing single risk guidelines applicable to asset-backed securities of the
same sponsor. FSA is also subject to certain regulatory limits and rating agency
guidelines on exposure to single credits.
The following tables set forth the net par amount outstanding of FSA's
insurance for the ten largest asset-backed transactions and municipal credits
insured by FSA at December 31, 1996:
Ten Largest Insured Asset-Backed Transactions at December 31, 1996
Net Par
Amount
Transaction Asset Type Outstanding
----------- ---------- -----------
(in millions)
Merit Securities Corp. Series 8......... Residential Mortgages $ 774.8
Aames Home Equity Loan 1996-D........... Residential Mortgages 524.3
Aames Mortgage Trust 1996-C............. Residential Mortgages 435.9
Olympic Auto Receivables Trust 1995-E... Consumer Receivables 376.9
Mid-State Trust II...................... Residential Mortgages 340.7
CICB - Household Credit Cards........... Consumer Receivables 309.1
Olympic Auto Receivables Trust 1996-C... Consumer Receivables 301.9
Olympic Auto Receivables Trust 1995-D... Consumer Receivables 285.4
Olympic Auto Receivables Trust 1996-D... Consumer Receivables 280.9
Securitized Asset Sales Inc. 1993-6..... Residential Mortgages 275.9
--------
Total.............................. $3,905.8
========
12
Ten Largest Insured Municipal Credits at December 31, 1996
Net Par
Amount
Credit Obligation Type Outstanding
------ --------------- -----------
(in millions)
Washington State Public Power Supply
System................................... Utility Revenue $ 346.0
New York State Medical Care Facilities
Finance Agency........................... Tax-Supported 342.3
State of California........................ General Obligation 327.9
New York City ............................. General Obligation 323.3
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico................ General Obligation 311.5
Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority....... Utility Revenue 286.3
Los Angeles County......................... General Obligation 273.1
Puerto Rico Highway Authority.............. Tax-Supported 257.7
New York City Municipal Water Finance
Authority................................ Utility Revenue 238.8
Vermont Student Assistance Corporation..... Other Municipal Bonds 225.0
--------
Total................................. $2,931.9
========
Credit Underwriting Guidelines, Standards and Procedures
Financial guaranty insurance, as written by FSA, relies on an assessment of
the adequacy of various payment sources to meet debt service payments or other
obligations in a specific transaction without regard to premiums paid or income
from investment of premiums. FSA's underwriting policy is to insure asset-backed
and municipal obligations that would otherwise be investment grade without the
benefit of FSA's insurance. To this end, each policy written or reinsured by FSA
must meet the general underwriting guidelines and specific standards for
particular types of obligations approved by its Board of Directors. In addition,
the Company's Board of Directors has established an Underwriting Committee which
periodically reviews completed transactions to ensure conformity with
underwriting guidelines and standards.
FSA's underwriting guidelines for asset-backed obligations are built on the
concept of multiple layers of protection, and vary by obligation type in order
to reflect different structures and credit support. In this regard, asset-backed
obligations insured by FSA are generally issued in structured transactions and
backed by pools of assets such as consumer or trade receivables, residential
mortgage loans, securities or other assets having an ascertainable cash flow or
market value. In addition, FSA seeks to insure asset-backed obligations that
generally provide for one or more forms of overcollateralization (such as excess
collateral value, excess cash flow or "spread," or reserves) or third-party
protection (such as bank letters of credit, guarantees, net worth maintenance
agreements, indemnity agreements or reinsurance policies). This
overcollateralization or third-party protection need not indemnify FSA against
all loss, but is generally intended to assume the primary risk of financial
loss. Overcollateralization or third-party protection may not, however, be
required in transactions in which FSA is insuring the obligations of certain
highly rated issuers that typically are regulated, have implied or explicit
government support, or are short term, or in transactions in which FSA is
insuring bonds issued to refinance other bonds insured by FSA as to which the
issuer is or may be in default. FSA's general policy has been to insure 100% of
the principal, interest and other amounts due in respect of asset-backed insured
obligations rather than providing partial or first loss coverage sufficient to
convey a triple-A rating on the insured obligations.
FSA's underwriting guidelines for municipal obligations require that the
municipal obligor be rated investment grade by Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
("Moody's") or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("S&P") or, in the
alternative, such obligor is considered by FSA to be the equivalent of
investment grade. Where the municipal obligor is a governmental entity with
taxing power or providing an essential public service paid by taxes, assessments
or other charges, supplemental protections may be required if such taxes,
assessments or other charges are not projected to provide sufficient debt
service coverage. Where appropriate, the municipal obligor is required to
provide a rate or charge covenant and a pledge of additional security (e.g.,
mortgages on real property, liens on equipment or revenue pledges) to secure the
obligation.
The rating agencies participate to varying degrees in the underwriting
process. Each asset-backed obligation insured by FSA is reviewed prior to
issuance by both S&P and Moody's to evaluate the risk proposed to be insured. In
the case of municipal obligations, prior rating agency review is a function of
the type of the insured obligation and the risk elements involved. In addition,
substantially all transactions insured by FSA are reviewed by
13
at least one of the major rating agencies after issuance to confirm continuing
compliance with rating agency standards. The independent review of FSA's
underwriting practices performed by the rating agencies further strengthens the
underwriting process.
The underwriting process that implements these underwriting guidelines and
standards is supported by approximately 78 analysts, underwriting officers and
credit officers and 12 attorneys. Moreover, the approval of senior management is
required for all transactions.
Each underwriting group in the Financial Guaranty Department has a senior
underwriting officer responsible for confirming that each transaction proposed
by the Financial Guaranty Department conforms to the underwriting guidelines and
standards. The evaluation by the senior underwriting officer is reviewed and
approved, in the case of asset-backed transactions, by the Chief Underwriting
Officer, and, in the case of municipal transactions, by the Chief Municipal
Underwriting Officer. This review may take place while the transaction is in its
formative stages, thus facilitating the introduction of further enhancements at
a stage when the transaction is more receptive to change.
Final transaction approval is obtained from FSA's Management Review
Committee for asset-backed transactions, from FSA's Municipal Underwriting
Committee for municipal transactions and from FSA's European Project and
Infrastructure Committee for European project and infrastructure financings.
Approval is usually based upon both a written and an oral presentation by the
underwriting group to the respective committee. The Management Review Committee
is comprised of the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief
Underwriting Officer, the General Counsel, the head of FSA's Financial Guaranty
Department and, on a rotating basis, a senior officer from the Financial
Guaranty Department. The Municipal Underwriting Committee is comprised of the
President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Municipal Underwriting
Officer, the Associate General Counsel for Municipal Transactions and the
Managing Director for Municipal Surveillance. The European Project and
Infrastructure Committee is comprised of the President, the Chief Operating
Officer, the Chief Underwriting Officer, the General Counsel and two managing
directors from the Financial Guaranty Department. Following approval, minor
transaction modifications may be approved by the Chairs of the underwriting
groups. Major changes require the concurrence of the appropriate underwriting
committee. Secondary market and partial maturity asset-backed transactions of
$25.0 million or less of gross principal insured that meet certain credit and
return criteria may be approved by the Chief Underwriting Officer and the head
of the department involved, with a third signature from a member of the
Management Review Committee for transactions greater than $25.0 million and less
than $50.0 million. Municipal transactions of $50.0 million or less of gross
principal insured that meet certain credit and return criteria may be approved
by a committee composed of the Chief Municipal Underwriting Officer or the Head
of Municipal Surveillance, an Associate General Counsel for Municipal
Transactions and any one of certain designated managing directors of the
Municipal Department.
Corporate Underwriting and Research
FSA's Corporate Underwriting and Research Department includes eight
professionals under the direction of the Chief Underwriting Officer. The
Corporate Underwriting and Research Department is responsible for evaluating the
credit of entities participating or providing recourse in obligations insured by
FSA. The Corporate Underwriting and Research Department also provides analysis
of relevant industry segments. Members of the Corporate Underwriting and
Research Department generally report their findings directly to the appropriate
underwriting committee in the context of transaction review and approval.
Surveillance and Transaction Services
FSA's Surveillance and Transaction Services Departments include 20
professionals. The Asset-Backed and Municipal Surveillance Departments are
responsible for monitoring the performance of outstanding transactions. The
Transaction Services Department, together with the Surveillance Departments, are
responsible for taking remedial actions as appropriate. The Surveillance and
Transaction Services Departments are independent of the analysts and credit
officers involved in the underwriting process. The managing directors
responsible for the Surveillance and Transaction Services Departments report to
an Oversight Committee comprised of the President, the General Counsel, the
Chief Underwriting Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. The Surveillance
Departments review each insured transaction to confirm compliance with
transaction covenants, monitor credit and other developments affecting
transaction participants and collateral, and determine the steps, if any,
required to protect the interests of FSA and the holders of FSA-insured
obligations. Reviews for asset-backed transactions typically include an
examination of reports provided by, and (as circumstances warrant) discussions
with, issuers,
14
servicers or trustees. In some instances, reviews of asset-backed transactions
include servicer audits, site visits or evaluations by third-party appraisers,
engineers or other experts retained by FSA. The Surveillance Departments review
each transaction to determine the level of ongoing attention it will require.
These judgments relate to current credit quality and other factors, including
compliance with reporting or other requirements, legal or regulatory actions
involving transaction participants and liquidity or other concerns that may not
have a direct bearing on credit quality. Transactions with the highest risk
profile are generally subject to more intensive review and, if appropriate,
remedial action. The Surveillance and Transaction Services Departments work
together with the Legal Department and the Corporate Underwriting and Research
Department in monitoring these transactions, negotiating restructurings and
pursuing appropriate legal remedies.
Legal
FSA's Legal Department includes 12 attorneys and six legal assistants under
the direction of the General Counsel. The Legal Department plays a major role in
establishing and implementing legal requirements and procedures applicable to
obligations insured by FSA. Members of the Legal Department serve on the
Management Review Committee, the Municipal Underwriting Committee, and the
European Project and Infrastructure Committee, which provide final underwriting
approval for transactions. An attorney in the Legal Department works together
with a counterpart in the Financial Guaranty Department in determining the legal
and credit elements of each obligation proposed for insurance and in overseeing
the execution of approved transactions. Asset-backed obligations insured by FSA
are ordinarily executed with the assistance of outside counsel working closely
with the Legal Department. Municipal obligations insured by FSA are ordinarily
executed without employment of outside counsel. The Legal Department works
closely with the Surveillance and Transaction Services Departments in addressing
legal issues, rights and remedies, as well as proposed amendments, waivers and
consents, in connection with obligations insured by FSA. The Legal Department is
also responsible for domestic and international regulatory compliance,
reinsurance, secondary market transactions, litigation and other matters.
Loss Reserves
FSA establishes a case basis reserve for the present value of the estimated
loss when, in management's opinion, the likelihood of a future loss is probable
and determinable at the balance sheet date. A case basis reserve for a
particular insured obligation represents FSA's estimate of the present value of
the anticipated shortfall, net of reinsurance, between (i) scheduled payments on
the insured obligations plus anticipated loss adjustment expenses and (ii)
anticipated cash flow from and proceeds to be received on sales of any
collateral supporting the obligation.
In addition to the case basis reserves, FSA maintains a general reserve in
order to account for the unidentified risks inherent in its overall portfolio.
FSA does not consider traditional actuarial approaches used in the
property/casualty insurance industry to be applicable to the determination of
its loss reserves because of the absence of a sufficient number of losses in its
financial guaranty insurance activities and in the financial guaranty industry
generally to establish a meaningful statistical base. The general reserve amount
was calculated by applying a loss factor to the total net par amount of FSA's
insured obligations outstanding over the term of such insured obligations and
discounting the result at a risk-free rate. The loss factor used for this
purpose has been determined based upon an independent rating agency study of
bond defaults and FSA's portfolio characteristics and history. FSA will, on an
ongoing basis, monitor the general reserve and may periodically adjust such
reserve based on FSA's actual loss experience, its future mix of business and
future economic conditions. The general reserve is available to be applied
against future additions or accretions to existing case basis reserves or to new
case basis reserves to be established in the future. To the extent that any such
future additions to case basis reserves are applied from the available general
reserve, there will be no impact on the Company's earnings for that period. To
the extent that additions to case basis reserves for any period exceed the
remaining available general reserve or are not applied from the general reserve,
the excess will be charged against the Company's earnings for that period. Any
addition to the general reserve which results from applying the loss factor to
new par written will also result in a charge to earnings at that time. However,
the release of amounts in the general reserve as a result of the runoff of
existing net insurance in force will be available to be applied against
additions to the general reserve required for new business written.
FSA maintains reserves in an amount believed by its management to be
sufficient to pay its estimated ultimate liability for losses and loss
adjustment expenses with respect to obligations it has insured. At December 31,
1996 and 1995, FSA's net loss reserves totaled $42.2 million and $50.2 million,
respectively. During 1995, the Company increased its general reserve by $6.3
million, of which $3.0 million was for originations of new business and $3.3
million was to reestablish the general reserve following transfers from the
general reserve to case basis
15
reserves. During 1995, the Company transferred $10.8 million from its general
reserve to case basis reserves associated predominantly with certain residential
mortgage and timeshare receivables transactions. Also in December 1995, FSA
recognized a one-time increase of $15.4 million to the general reserve to
provide for the insured portfolio it had assumed in the Merger in a manner
consistent with the Company's reserving methodology. Prior to the Merger,
Capital Guaranty did not maintain a general reserve. The general reserve was
$31.8 million at December 31, 1995. During 1996, the Company increased its
general reserve by $6.9 million, of which $5.3 million was for new business
originations and $1.6 million was to reestablish the general reserve for
transfers from the general reserves to case basis reserves. During 1996, the
Company transferred $9.0 million from its general reserve to case basis reserves
associated predominantly with certain residential mortgage transactions. The
general reserve was $29.7 million at December 31, 1996
Reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses are discounted at
risk-free rates. The amount of discount taken was approximately $17.9 million
and $15.3 million at December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Inasmuch as reserves are necessarily based on estimates and because of the
absence of a sufficient number of losses in its financial guaranty insurance
activities and in the financial guaranty insurance industry generally to
establish a meaningful statistical base, there can be no assurance that the case
basis reserves or the general reserve will be adequate to cover losses in FSA's
insured portfolio.
Competition and Industry Concentration
FSA faces competition from both other providers of third party credit
enhancement and alternatives to third party credit enhancement. The majority of
asset-backed and municipal obligations are sold without third party credit
enhancement. Accordingly, each transaction proposed to be insured by FSA must
generally compete against an alternative execution which does not employ third
party credit enhancement. FSA also faces competition from other monoline primary
financial guaranty insurers, primarily AMBAC Indemnity Corporation, Capital
Markets Assurance Corporation, Financial Guaranty Insurance Company and MBIA
Insurance Corporation. In terms of statutory surplus plus contingency reserves,
FSA is the fourth largest of the five major financial guaranty insurers.
Traditional credit enhancers such as bank letter of credit providers and
mortgage pool insurers also provide significant competition to FSA as providers
of credit enhancement for asset-backed obligations. While actions by securities
rating agencies in recent years have significantly reduced the number of
triple-A rated banks that can offer a product directly competitive with FSA's
triple-A guaranty, and risk-based capital guidelines applicable to banks have
generally increased costs associated with letters of credit that compete
directly with financial guaranty insurance, bank letter of credit providers and
other credit enhancement, such as cash collateral accounts, provided by banks,
continue to provide significant competition to FSA.
Insurance law generally restricts multiline insurance companies, such as
large property/casualty insurers and life insurers, from engaging in the
financial guaranty insurance business other than through separately capitalized
affiliates. Entry requirements include (i) assembling the group of experts
required to operate a financial guaranty insurance business, (ii) establishing
the triple-A claims-paying ability ratings with the credit rating agencies,
(iii) complying with substantial capital requirements, (iv) developing name
recognition and market acceptance with issuers, investment bankers and investors
and (v) organizing a monoline insurance company and obtaining insurance licenses
to do business in the applicable jurisdictions.
FSA's net insurance in force is the outstanding principal, interest and
other amounts to be paid over the remaining life of all obligations insured by
FSA, net of ceded reinsurance, refunded bonds secured by United States
government securities held in escrow or other qualified collateral and.
Qualified statutory capital, determined in accordance with statutory accounting
principles, is the aggregate of policyholders' surplus and contingency reserves
calculated in accordance with statutory accounting principles. Set forth below
are FSA's aggregate gross insurance in force, net insurance in force, qualified
statutory capital and leverage ratio (represented by the ratio of its net
insurance in force to qualified statutory capital) and the average industry
leverage ratio at the dates indicated:
16
December 31,
--------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(dollars in millions)
Financial guaranty primary insurers,
excluding FSA (1)
Leverage ratio ................... N/A(2) 146:1 145:1
FSA
Gross insurance in force ............ $125,423 $99,034 $65,824
Net insurance in force .............. $93,704 $75,360 $45,824
Qualified statutory capital ......... $676 $645 $466
Leverage ............................ 139:1 117:1 98:1
- ----------
(1) Financial guaranty primary insurers for which data is included in this
table are AMBAC Indemnity Corporation, Capital Guaranty Insurance Company
(1995 and 1994 only), Capital Markets Assurance Corporation, Connie Lee
Insurance Company, Financial Guaranty Insurance Company and MBIA Insurance
Corporation. Information relating to the financial guaranty primary
insurers is derived from data from statutory accounting financial
information publicly available from each insurer at December 31, 1995 and
1994.
(2) Not available
Reinsurance
Reinsurance is the commitment by one insurance company, the "reinsurer," to
reimburse another insurance company, the "ceding company," for a specified
portion of the insurance risks underwritten by the ceding company in
consideration for a portion of the premiums received. The ceding company also
usually receives ceding commissions to cover costs of business generation.
Because the insured party contracts for coverage solely with the ceding company,
the failure of the reinsurer to perform does not relieve the ceding company of
its obligation to the insured party under the terms of the insurance contract.
Reinsurance Ceded
FSA obtains reinsurance to increase its policy writing capacity, both on an
aggregate risk and a single risk basis, meet state insurance regulatory, rating
agency and internal limits, diversify risks, reduce the need for additional
capital and strengthen financial ratios. At December 31, 1996, FSA had reinsured
approximately 26.2% of its direct principal amount outstanding. Most of FSA's
reinsurance is on a quota share basis, with a small portion being provided on a
first loss or excess of loss per risk basis. Reinsurance arrangements typically
require FSA to retain a specified amount of the risk.
FSA arranges reinsurance on both a facultative (transaction-by-transaction)
and treaty basis. Treaty reinsurance provides coverage for a portion of the
exposure from all qualifying policies issued during the term of the treaty. In
addition, FSA employs "automatic facultative" reinsurance which permits FSA to
apply reinsurance to transactions selected by it subject to certain limitations.
The reinsurer's participation in a treaty is cancelable annually upon 90 days'
prior notice by either FSA or the reinsurer and is cancelable by FSA upon
specified financial deterioration of the reinsurer. As required by applicable
state law, reinsurance agreements may be subject to certain other termination
conditions.
Treaties generally provide coverage for the full term of the policies
reinsured during the annual treaty period, except that, upon a financial
deterioration of the reinsurer and the occurrence of certain other conditions,
FSA generally has the right to reassume all of the business reinsured.
FSA's principal ceded reinsurance program currently consists of three quota
share treaties. One treaty (the "asset-backed treaty") covers all of FSA's
approved regular lines of business, except municipal bond insurance. In 1996,
FSA ceded 11.35% of each covered policy under this treaty, up to a maximum of
$22.7 million insured principal per policy. At its sole option, FSA was entitled
to increase the ceding percentage to 22.7% up to $45.4 million insured principal
per policy. A second treaty (the "municipal treaty") covers FSA's municipal bond
insurance business. In 1996, FSA ceded 10% of each covered policy under this
treaty that is classified by FSA as providing municipal bond insurance as
defined by Article 69 of the insurance laws of New York up to a limit of $26.7
million insured principal per single risk which is defined by revenue source. At
its sole option, FSA was entitled to increase the ceding percentage to 30% up to
$80 million insured principal per single risk. A third treaty (the "teaching
hospital and higher education treaty") covers substantially all teaching
hospital and higher education risks (also covered under the municipal treaty).
In 1996, FSA ceded 5% of its retention (i.e., after cessions of policies under
the municipal treaty) of each covered policy under this treaty, up to limits
that range from $7.5 million to $30 million per single risk. At its sole option,
FSA was entitled to increase the ceding percentage from 5% to 15% of its
retention, subject to the same limits. This third treaty was canceled on a
run-off basis as of December 31, 1996. Under its three automatic facultative
facilities in 1996, FSA at its option could allocate up to $20 - $25 million for
each reinsurer (depending on the reinsurer) for each transaction, subject to
limits and
17
exclusions, in exchange for which FSA agreed to cede in the aggregate a
specified percentage of gross par insured by FSA. Each of the three treaties and
automatic facultative facilities allowed FSA to withhold a ceding commission to
defray its expenses.
Primary insurers, such as FSA, are required to fulfill their obligations to
policyholders if reinsurers fail to meet their obligations. The financial
condition of reinsurers is therefore evaluated carefully by FSA, and FSA's
reinsurance is placed with high quality and financially strong reinsurers. FSA's
treaty reinsurers at December 31, 1996 were Capital Reinsurance Company,
Compagnie Transcontinentale de Reassurance, Connie Lee Insurance Company,
Enhance Reinsurance Company, Frankona Reinsurance Company and Tokio Marine. In
1996, five reinsurers participated in the asset-backed treaty, three reinsurers
participated in the municipal treaty (including health care and higher
education) and one reinsurer participated in the health care and higher
education treaty.
FSA, FSAM and Oklahoma have entered into a quota share reinsurance pooling
agreement pursuant to which, after reinsurance cessions to other reinsurers,
FSA, FSAM and Oklahoma share in the net retained risk insured by each of these
three companies in proportion to their policyholders' surplus and contingency
reserve as of December 31 of the prior year (with the percentages adjusted
commencing April 1 of each year) through September 30, 1996 and each calendar
quarter thereafter. For the quarter commencing October 1, 1996, FSA retained
64.16%, FSAM retained 24.80% and Oklahoma retained 11.04% of each policy issued
by these companies after cessions to all other reinsurers. FSA-UK and FSA have
entered into a quota share and stop loss reinsurance agreement pursuant to which
(i) FSA-UK reinsures with FSA its retention under its policies after third party
reinsurance based on an agreed-upon percentage that is substantially in
proportion to the policyholders' surplus and contingency reserve of FSA-UK to
the total policyholders' surplus and contingency reserves of FSA and its
subsidiary insurers (including FSA-UK) and (ii) subject to certain limits, FSA
is required to make payments to FSA-UK when FSA-UK's loss ratio and expense
exceeds 100%. Under this agreement, FSA-UK ceded to FSA 98.20% of its retention
after other reinsurance of its policies issued from January 1, 1996 through
March 31, 1996 and 98.23% of policies issued from April 1, 1996 through December
31, 1996.
In connection with the Restructuring, FSA is party to a quota share
reinsurance agreement with Commercial Re pursuant to which Commercial Re assumed
approximately 64.4% of FSA's exposure, on a weighted average basis, on
transactions in FSA's commercial mortgage portfolio.
Rating Agencies
Moody's and S&P periodically review the business and financial condition of
FSA and other companies providing financial guaranty insurance. These rating
agency reviews focus on the insurer's underwriting policies and procedures and
the quality of the obligations insured. The rating agencies frequently perform
assessments of the credits insured by FSA to confirm that FSA continues to meet
the capital adequacy criteria considered necessary by the particular rating
agency to maintain FSA's triple-A claims-paying ability rating. See "Credit
Underwriting Guidelines, Standards and Procedures" above. FSA's ability to
compete with other triple-A rated financial guarantors, and its results of
operations and financial condition, would be materially adversely affected by
any reduction in its ratings.
Insurance Regulatory Matters
General
FSA is licensed to engage in insurance business in all 50 states, the
District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. FSA is subject to the insurance laws of
the State of New York ("New York Insurance Law"), FSAM is subject to the
insurance laws of the State of Maryland and Oklahoma is subject to the insurance
laws of the State of Oklahoma, their respective states of incorporation. Each is
also subject to the insurance laws of the other states in which it is licensed
to transact an insurance business. Each of FSA and its domestic insurance
company subsidiaries are required to file
18
quarterly and annual statutory financial statements in each jurisdiction in
which they are licensed, and are subject to statutory restrictions concerning
the types and quality of investments and the filing and use of policy forms and
premium rates. FSA's accounts and operations are subject to periodic examination
by the New York Superintendent of Insurance (the "New York Superintendent") (the
last such examination having been conducted in 1995 for the period ended
December 31, 1994) and other state insurance regulatory authorities.
Insurance Holding Company Laws
The Company and its domestic operating insurance company subsidiaries (FSA,
FSAM and Oklahoma) are subject to regulation under insurance holding company
statutes of New York, Maryland and Oklahoma, where these respective insurers are
domiciled, as well as other jurisdictions where these companies are licensed to
do insurance business. The requirements of holding company statutes vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction but generally require insurance holding companies
and their insurance subsidiaries to register and file certain reports
describing, among other information, their capital structure, ownership and
financial condition. The holding company statutes also require prior approval of
changes in control, of certain dividends and other intercorporate transfers of
assets and of transactions between insurance companies and their affiliates. The
holding company statutes generally require that all transactions with affiliates
be fair and reasonable and that those exceeding specified limits require prior
notice to or approval by insurance regulators.
Under the insurance holding company laws in effect in New York, Maryland
and Oklahoma, any acquisition of control of the Company, and thereby indirect
control of FSA, FSAM and Oklahoma, requires the prior approval of the New York
Superintendent and the Maryland and Oklahoma Insurance Commissioners. "Control"
is defined as the direct or indirect power to direct or cause the direction of
the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting
securities, by contract or otherwise. Any purchaser of 10% or more of the
outstanding voting securities of a corporation is presumed to have acquired
control of that corporation and its subsidiaries, although the insurance
regulator may find that "control" in fact does or does not exist when a person
owns or controls either a lesser or greater amount of voting securities.
New York Financial Guaranty Insurance Law
Article 69 ("Article 69") of the New York Insurance Law, a comprehensive
financial guaranty insurance statute, governs all financial guaranty insurers
licensed to do business in New York, including FSA. This statute limits the
business of financial guaranty insurers to financial guaranty insurance and
related lines (such as surety).
Article 69 requires that financial guaranty insurers maintain a special
statutory accounting reserve called the "contingency reserve" to protect
policyholders against the impact of excessive losses occurring during adverse
economic cycles. Article 69 requires a financial guaranty insurer to provide a
contingency reserve (i) with respect to policies written prior to July 1, 1989
in an amount equal to 50% of earned premiums and (ii) with respect to policies
written on and after July 1, 1989, quarterly on a pro rata basis over a period
of 20 years for municipal bonds and 15 years for all other obligations, in an
amount equal to the greater of 50% of premiums written for the relevant category
of insurance or a percentage of the principal guarantied, varying from 0.55% to
2.50%, depending upon the type of obligation guarantied, until the contingency
reserve amount for the category equals the applicable percentage of net unpaid
principal. This reserve must be maintained for the periods specified above,
except that reductions by the insurer may be permitted under specified
circumstances in the event that actual loss experience exceeds certain
thresholds or if the reserve accumulated is deemed excessive in relation to the
insurer's outstanding insured obligations. Financial guaranty insurers are also
required to maintain reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses on a
case-by-case basis and reserves against unearned premiums.
Article 69 establishes single risk limits for financial guaranty insurers
applicable to all obligations issued by a single entity and backed by a single
revenue source. For example, under the limit applicable to qualifying
asset-backed securities, the lesser of (i) the insured average annual debt
service for a single risk or (ii) the insured unpaid principal (reduced by the
extent to which the unpaid principal of the supporting assets exceeds the
insured unpaid principal) divided by nine, net of qualifying reinsurance and
collateral, may not exceed 10% of the sum of the insurer's policyholders'
surplus and contingency reserve, subject to certain conditions. Under the limit
applicable to municipal obligations, the insured average annual debt service for
a single risk, net of qualifying reinsurance and collateral, may not exceed 10%
of the sum of the insurer's policyholders' surplus and contingency reserve. In
addition, insured principal of municipal obligations attributable to any single
risk, net of qualifying reinsurance and collateral, is limited to 75% of the
insurer's policyholders' surplus and contingency reserve. Single risk limits are
also
19
specified for other categories of insured obligations, and generally are
more restrictive than those listed for asset-backed or municipal obligations.
Article 69 also establishes aggregate risk limits on the basis of aggregate
net liability insured as compared to statutory capital. "Aggregate net
liability" is defined as outstanding principal and interest of guarantied
obligations insured, net of qualifying reinsurance and collateral. Under these
limits, policyholders' surplus and contingency reserves must not be less than a
percentage of aggregate net liability equal to the sum of various percentages of
aggregate net liability for various categories of specified obligations. The
percentage varies from 0.33% for certain municipal obligations to 4% for certain
non-investment grade obligations.
Dividend Restrictions
FSA's ability to pay dividends is dependent upon FSA's financial condition,
results of operations, cash requirements, rating agency approval and other
related factors and is also subject to restrictions contained in the insurance
laws and related regulations of New York and other states. Under New York State
insurance law, FSA may pay dividends out of earned surplus, provided that,
together with all dividends declared or distributed by FSA during the preceding
12 months, the dividends do not exceed the lesser of (i) 10% of policyholders'
surplus as of its last statement filed with the New York Superintendent of
Insurance or (ii) adjusted net investment income during this period. FSA has
paid dividends of $18.0 million for the year ended December 1996. Based upon
FSA's statutory statements for the quarter ended December 31, 1996 and
considering dividends which can be paid by its subsidiary, the maximum amount
available for payment of dividends by FSA without regulatory approval over the
following 12 months is approximately $45.2 million. As a customary condition for
approving in September 1994 the application of Fund American for a change in
control of FSA, the prior approval of the New York Superintendent was required
for payment of dividends by FSA to the Company for a period of two years
following such change of control. Such prior approval requirement lapsed in
September 1996. In addition, the New York Superintendent has approved the
repurchase by FSA of up to $75 million of its shares from its parent through
December 31, 1998, pursuant to which FSA has repurchased $27 million of its
shares through December 31, 1996. Future share repurchases may not exceed
cumulative statutory net income beginning January 1, 1996.
Financial Guaranty Insurance Regulation in Other Jurisdictions
FSA is subject to laws and regulations of jurisdictions other than the
State of New York concerning the transaction of financial guaranty insurance.
The laws and regulations of these other jurisdictions are generally not more
stringent in any material respect than the New York Insurance Law.
The United Kingdom's Department of Trade and Industry (the "DTI") regulates
FSA-UK. Pursuant to European Union Directives, FSA-UK has since been authorized
to provide financial guaranty insurance for transactions in France, Ireland, and
Spain from its home office in the United Kingdom. FSA has received a
determination from the Australian Insurance and Superannuation Commissioner that
the financial guaranties issued by it with respect to Australian transactions do
not constitute insurance for which a license is required.
Investment Portfolio
FSA manages its investments with the objectives of preserving its capital
and claims-paying ability, maintaining a high level of liquidity and, within
these constraints, obtaining a high long-term total return. The Company's
investment strategy is to emphasize total return rather than current income. To
accomplish its objectives, the Company has established guidelines for eligible
investments by FSA, requiring that each individual investment must be rated at
least "single A" at acquisition and the overall portfolio must be rated "double
A" on average. Investments falling below the minimum quality level are required
to be disposed of at the earliest opportunity that such disposition will not
adversely affect the portfolio. For liquidity purposes, the Company's policy is
to invest FSA assets in investments which are readily marketable with no legal
or contractual restrictions on resale. Eligible investments include U.S.
Treasury and agency obligations, corporate bonds, tax-exempt bonds and mortgage
pass-through instruments. The Company has also invested in an equity fund.
The weighted average maturity of the Company's investment portfolio at
December 31, 1996 was approximately 11.5 years. The Company's current investment
strategy is to invest in quality readily marketable instruments of intermediate
average duration so as to generate stable investment earnings with minimal
market value or credit risk.
20
The following tables set forth certain information concerning the
investment portfolio of FSA:
Investment Portfolio by Rating
at December 31, 1996(1)
Percent of
Investment
Rating Portfolio
---------------------------------------- -------------------
AAA(2) .............................. 68.8%
AA .................................. 19.7
A ................................... 11.5
-----
100.0%
=====
- ----------
(1) Ratings are for the fixed income portfolio (91.9% of the entire investment
portfolio as of December 31, 1996) and are based on the higher of Moody's
or S&P ratings available at December 31, 1996.
(2) Includes U.S. Treasury and agency obligations, which comprised 5.0% of the
total portfolio at December 31, 1996.
Summary of Investments
December 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
----------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Amortized Average Amortized Average Amortized Average
Investment Category Cost Yield(1) Cost Yield(1) Cost Yield(1)
------------------- ----------- ---------- ------------- --------- ----------- ---------
(dollars in thousands)
Long-term investments:
Taxable bonds.............. $ 396,586 6.76% $383,790 7.00% $284,226 7.95%
Tax-exempt bonds........... 661,831 5.70 643,624 5.62 390,384 6.52
----------- -------------- ----------
Total long-term investments 1,058,417 6.09 1,027,414 6.13 674,610 7.13
Short-term investments(2)....... 56,733 5.43 14,567 5.97 92,449 5.91
----------- -------------- ----------
Total investments(3)...... $1,115,150 6.06% $1,041,981 6.13% $767,059 6.98%
=========== ============== ==========
- ----------
(1) Yields are stated on a pre-tax basis.
(2) Includes taxable and tax-exempt investments and excludes cash equivalents
of $16.9 million, $38.1 million and $13.5 million, respectively.
(3) Excludes stocks with a market value of $8.3 million, $0 and $0,
respectively.
21
Investment Portfolio by Security Type
December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
-------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Amortized Average Amortized Average Amortized Average
Investment Category Cost Yield(1) Cost Yield(1) Cost Yield(1)
------------------- ------------- --------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government securities... $ 55,619 6.63% $ 45,139 6.27% $ 7,036 8.09%
Mortgage-backed securities... 177,818 6.88 265,213 7.15 179,205 8.13
Municipal bonds.............. 661,831 5.70 643,624 5.62 390,384 6.52
Asset-backed securities...... 71,370 6.82 43,493 6.83 81,449 7.52
Corporate securities......... 76,760 6.55 1,254 6.86 -- --
Foreign securities........... 15,019 6.50 28,691 7.04 16,536 8.00
------------ ------------- -----------
Total fixed maturities.. 1,058,417 6.09 1,027,414 6.13 674,610 7.13
Short-term investments(2).... 56,733 5.43 14,567 5.97 92,449 5.91
------------ ------------- -----------
Total investments(3).... $1,115,150 6.06% $1,041,981 6.13% $767,059 6.98%
============ ============= ===========
- ----------
(1) Yields are stated on a pre-tax basis.
(2) Includes taxable and tax-exempt investments and excludes cash equivalents
of $16.9 million, $38.1 million and $13.5 million, respectively.
(3) Excludes stocks of $8.3 million, $0 and $0, respectively.
Distribution of Investments by Maturity
December 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
-------------------------- ---------------------- --------------------------
Estimated Estimated Estimated
Amortized Market Amortized Market Amortized Market
Investment Category Cost Value Cost Value Cost Value
------------------- ---------- ------------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------
(in thousands)
Due in one year or less(1)...... $ 95,038 $ 95,359 $ 17,343 $ 17,345 $ 93,950 $ 93,942
Due after one year through five
years ........................ 57,531 57,712 26,036 26,375 30,209 29,520
Due after five years through
ten years..................... 105,495 105,848 157,161 162,573 36,140 36,453
Due after ten years............. 607,898 620,031 532,735 551,239 346,106 322,973
Mortgage-backed securities...... 177,818 178,344 265,213 271,087 179,205 169,846
Asset-backed securities......... 71,370 71,878 43,493 44,024 81,449 80,926
----------- -------------- ------------ ------------- ------------ ------------
Total investments(2)....... $1,115,150 $1,129,172 $1,041,981 $1,072,643 $767,059 $733,660
=========== ============== ============ ============= ============ ============
- ----------
(1) Includes short-term investments in the amount of $56.8 million, $14.6
million and $92.4 million at December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994,
respectively, but excludes cash equivalents of $16.9 million, $38.1
million, and $13.5 million, respectively.
(2) Excludes stocks of $8.3 million, $0 and $0, respectively.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Cost and Market Value by Investment Category
December 31, 1996
----------------------------------------------------------
Amortized Estimated
Investment Category Par Value Cost Market Value
------------------- --------- ---- ------------
(in thousands)
Pass-through securities--U.S. Government
agency $ 102,024 $ 103,377 $ 103,851
CMO's--U.S. Government agency 6,000 5,893 6,128
CMO's--non-agency 70,025 68,548 68,365
--------- --------- ---------
Total mortgage-backed securities $ 178,049 $ 177,818 $ 178,344
========= ========= =========
The Company's investments in mortgage-backed securities consisted of
pass-through certificates and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO's")
which are secured by mortgage loans guarantied or insured by
22
agencies of the federal government. These securities are highly liquid with
readily determinable market prices. The Company also held triple-A rated CMO's
which are not guarantied by government agencies. Secondary market quotations are
available for these securities, although they are not as liquid as the
government agency-backed securities.
At December 31, 1996, the Company held sequential pay CMO tranches and
Planned Amortization Classes (PAC) of CMO's. The CMO's held at December 31, 1996
have stated maturities ranging from 22 to 30 years, and expected average lives
ranging from 1.3 to 19.4 years based on anticipated prepayments of principal.
None of the Company's holdings of CMO's is subject to extraordinary interest
rate sensitivity. At December 31, 1996, the Company did not own any
interest-only stripped mortgage securities or inverse floating rate CMO
tranches.
Mortgage-backed securities differ from traditional fixed income bonds
because they are subject to prepayments at par value without penalty at the
borrower's option. Prepayment rates on mortgage-backed securities are influenced
primarily by the general level of prevailing interest rates, with prepayments
increasing when prevailing interest rates are lower than the rates on the
underlying mortgages. When prepayments occur, the proceeds must be re-invested
at then current market rates, which are generally below the yield on the prepaid
securities. Prepayments on mortgage-backed securities purchased at a premium to
par will result in a loss to the Company to the extent of the unamortized
premium.
Employees
At December 31, 1996, the Company and its subsidiaries had 202 employees.
None of its employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The
Company considers its employee relations to be satisfactory.
Item 2. Properties.
The principal executive offices of the Company and FSA are located at 350
Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. The principal executive offices, which
consist of approximately 53,000 square feet of office space, are under lease
agreements which expire in 2005. The Company's telephone number at its principal
executive offices is (212) 826-0100. FSA also maintains leased office space in
San Francisco, Dallas, London (England), Paris (France), Madrid (Spain) and
Sydney (Australia). The Company and its subsidiaries do not own any real
property.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
In the ordinary course of business, certain subsidiaries of the Company
have become party to certain litigation. The Company believes that these matters
will be resolved with no material financial impact on the Company.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
No matters were submitted to a vote of the Company's shareholders during
the fourth quarter of 1996.
23
Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
Information relating to the principal market on which the Company's common
stock is tradable, the high and low sales prices per share for each quarterly
period for the past two years and the frequency and amount of any cash dividends
declared in the past two years is set forth on page 48 of the Company's 1996
Annual Report to Shareholders and such information is incorporated herein by
reference. Information concerning restrictions on the payment of dividends is
set forth in Item 1 above under the caption "Insurance Regulatory Matters --
Dividend Restrictions." At March 24, 1997, there were approximately 2,600
holders of the Company's Common Stock, which is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
Selected financial data for the Company and its subsidiaries for each of
the last five years is set forth under the caption "Financial Highlights" on
page 16 of the Company's 1996 Annual Report to Shareholders. Such information is
incorporated herein by reference and should be read in conjunction with the
Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto contained on pages 26 to
44 of such Annual Report.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations is set forth under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" on pages 18 through 24 of the
Company's 1996 Annual Report to Shareholders. Such information is incorporated
herein by reference and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated
Financial Statements and the Notes thereto contained on pages 26 to 44 of such
Annual Report.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The 1996 Consolidated Financial Statements, together with the Notes thereto
and the Report of Independent Accountants thereon, are set forth on pages 25
through 44 of the Company's 1996 Annual Report to Shareholders. Such information
is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure.
None.
24
Part III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.
Information relating to the Company's directors and executive officers is
set forth under the captions "Election of Directors" on pages 1 through 5,
"Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" on page 16, and
"Executive Officers of the Company" on pages 6 and 7 of the Company's 1997 Proxy
Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Information relating to compensation of the Company's directors and
executive officers is set forth under the captions "Executive Compensation" on
pages 10 through 12, "Report of the Human Resources Committee of the Board of
Directors of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd." on pages 13 through 16,
and "Stock Price Performance" on page 17 of the Company's 1997 Proxy Statement.
Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
Information relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners of
the Company's equity securities and by the Company's directors and executive
officers is set forth under the caption "Ownership of the Company" on pages 7
through 10 of the Company's 1997 Proxy Statement. Such information is
incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
Information relating to certain relationships and related transactions is
set forth under the captions "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation" on page 16 and "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions"
on pages 18 through 22 of the Company's 1997 Proxy Statement. Such information
is incorporated herein by reference.
25
Part IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K.
(a) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules and Exhibits.
1. Financial Statements
The Registrant has incorporated by reference from the 1996 Annual
Report to Shareholders the following consolidated financial statements
of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. and Subsidiaries:
1996 Annual Report to
Shareholders (Pages)
Report of Independent Accountants 25
Consolidated Balance Sheets at
December 31, 1996 and 1995 26
Consolidated Statements of Income
for the Years Ended
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 27
Consolidated Statements of Changes in
Shareholders' Equity for the Years Ended
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 28
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the Years Ended
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 29
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 30-44
2. Financial Statement Schedules
The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this
Report.
Schedule Title
-------- -----
II Condensed Financial Statements of the Registrant
for the Years Ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994.
The report of the Registrant's independent auditors with respect to
the above listed financial statement schedule is set forth on page 33
of this Report.
All other schedules are omitted because they are either inapplicable
or the required information is presented in the consolidated financial
statements of the Company or the notes thereto.
26
3. Exhibits
The following are annexed as exhibits to this Report:
Exhibit No. Exhibit
----------- -------
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 18, 1995
among the Company, FSACG Inc. and Capital Guaranty
Corporation. (Previously filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Reg. No.
33-99626), as such Registration Statement has been amended,
and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No. 1-12644) for the
fiscal period ended December 31, 1994 (the "1994 Form
10-K"), and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.1(A) Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 3.1(A) to the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 33-70230), as such
Registration Statement has been amended (the "Form S-1"),
and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.2 Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company, as amended and
restated on February 14, 1996. (Previously filed as Exhibit
5 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission
File No. 1-12644) for the quarterly period ended March 31,
1996 (the "March 31, 1996 10-Q"), and incorporated herein by
reference.)
4 Specimen Certificate representing shares of Common Stock.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 4 to the Form S-1, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
4(A) Specimen Certificate representing shares of Series A
Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 4(A) to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
9 Voting Trust Agreement dated as of September 2, 1994 among
Fund American, U S WEST Capital Corporation ("USWCC") and
First Chicago Trust Company of New York, as voting trustee.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 9 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.1 Credit Agreement dated as of November 23, 1994 among FSA,
Various Banks and Swiss Bank Corporation, New York Branch,
as agent. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2(B) to the 1994
Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.2 Facility Agreement dated as of August 30, 1994, among FSA,
Canadian Global Funding Corporation and Hambros Bank
Limited. (Previously filed as Exhibit 2 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 1-12644)
for the quarterly period ended September 30, 1994, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.3 Credit Agreement dated as of April 30, 1996, among FSA,
Financial Security Assurance of Maryland Inc., Financial
Security Assurance of Oklahoma, Inc., the Banks signatory
thereto and Bayerische Landesbank Girozentrale, New York
Branch, as Agent. (Previously filed as Exhibit 2 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No.
1-12644) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1996, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
27
10.4+ Money Purchase Pension Plan and Trust Agreement dated as of
January 1, 1989 between FSA and Transamerica, with Adoption
Agreement No. 001 and Addendum. (Previously filed as Exhibit
10.7 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.5+ Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as amended and
restated as of January 1, 1995. (Previously filed as Exhibit
10.8(A) to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.6+ Amended and Restated 1993 Equity Participation Plan (as
amended and restated December 20, 1995). (Previously filed
as Exhibit 10.9(B) to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K (Commission File No. 1-12644) for the fiscal period
ended December 31, 1995 (the "1995 Form 10-K"), and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.6(A)+ Amended and Restated 1993 Equity Participation Plan (as
amended and restated on February 14, 1996). (Previously
filed as Exhibit No. 4 to the March 31, 1996 10-Q, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.7+ Deferred Compensation Plan (Effective as of June 1, 1995).
(Previously filed as Exhibit No. 3 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 1-12644)
for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1995 (the "June 30,
1995 10-Q"), and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.8+ Severance Policy for Senior Management (Effective as of
February 8, 1995). (Previously filed as Exhibit No. 3 to the
March 31, 1996 10-Q, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.9+ Employment Agreement dated as of December 20, 1995 between
the Company and Michael Djordjevich. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.13 to the 1995 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein
by reference.)
10.10 Deconsolidation Agreement dated May 13, 1994 among U S WEST,
Inc., USWCC, the Company, FSA, International and Oklahoma.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.16 to the 1994 Form 10-K,
and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.11 Cooperation Agreement dated as of December 27, 1990 among
Tokio Marine, the Company and FSA. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.17 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.12 Tokio Marine Stockholders Agreement dated December 27, 1990
among Tokio Marine, the Company and USWCC. (Previously filed
as Exhibit 10.18 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.12(A) Letter Agreement dated as of September 2, 1994 concerning
the Tokio Marine Stockholders Agreement between U S WEST,
Inc., and the Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.18(A)
to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.12(B) Amendment No. 1 dated December 23, 1993 to Tokio Marine
Stockholders Agreement. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.19
to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.13 Master Reinsurance Placement Memorandum dated December 27,
1991 between Tokio Marine and FSA. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.20 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
28
10.14 Amended and Restated Interests and Liabilities Contract
concerning the Quota Share Treaty effective as of January 1,
1991 among Tokio Marine and FSA and its identified
subsidiaries and affiliates, with Amendment No. 1 thereto.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.21(A) to the 1994 Form 10-K,
and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.15 Amended and Restated Interests and Liabilities Contract
concerning the Municipal Bond Insurance Quota Share Treaty
effective as of January 1, 1991 among Tokio Marine, FSA and
its identified subsidiaries and affiliates, with Amendment
No. 1 thereto. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.22(A) to the
1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.16 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 1, 1995
between FSA Portfolio Management Inc. and Charter Indemnity
Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to the 1995 Form
10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.17 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 1, 1995
between FSA Portfolio Management Inc. and Northern County
Mutual Insurance Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.24
to the 1995 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.18 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 1, 1995
between FSA Portfolio Management Inc. and Valley Insurance
Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.25 to the 1994 Form
10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.19+ Promissory Note between the Company and Sean W. McCarthy
dated December 20, 1993. (Previously filed as Exhibit
10.30(A) to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.20 Quota Share Reinsurance Agreement dated December 22, 1993,
among Commercial Re, FSA and International. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Form S-1, and incorporated
herein by reference.)
10.21 Share Purchase Agreement dated as of December 23, 1993 among
Commercial Re, U S WEST and the Company. (Previously filed
as Exhibit 10.32 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.22 Federal Income Tax Allocation Agreement dated as of December
23, 1993 among Commercial Re, U S WEST and the Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.33 to the Form S-1, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.23 Liquidity Facility dated as of December 23, 1993 among U S
WEST, Inc., Commercial Re and the Company. (Previously filed
as Exhibit 10.34 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.24 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 23,
1993 among FSA Portfolio Management, Commercial Re and the
Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.35 to the Form S-1,
and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.25 Agreement for Management and the Provision of Personnel,
Property and Services dated as of December 23, 1993 between
Commercial Re and the Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit
10.36 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
29
10.26 Securities Purchase Agreement among U S WEST, Inc., USWCC,
Fund American and the Company (including Exhibit A thereto).
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.38 to the Form S-1, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.26(A) Amendment dated as of May 6, 1994 to Securities Purchase
Agreement among U S WEST, Inc., USWCC, Fund American and the
Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.38(A) to the 1994
Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.27 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of May 13, 1994 among
the Company, USWCC and Fund American. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.39 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein
by reference.)
10.28 Fund American Shareholders Agreement dated as of September
2, 1994 among USWCC, Fund American and the Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.40 to the 1994 Form 10-K,
and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.29 Five-Year Option dated as of September 2, 1994. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 10.41 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.30 Ten-Year Option dated as of September 2, 1994. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 10.42 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.31 Insurance Indemnification and Insurance Agreement dated as
of May 20, 1994, between U S WEST, Inc. and the Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.43 to the 1994 Form 10-K,
and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.31(A) Letter dated May 23, 1995 from the Company to U S WEST, Inc.
amending Insurance Indemnification and Insurance Agreement
dated as of May 20, 1994, between U S WEST, Inc. and the
Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.43(A) to the 1995
Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.31(B) Letter dated November 28, 1995 from the Company to U S WEST,
Inc. amending Insurance Indemnification and Insurance
Agreement dated as of May 20, 1994, between U S WEST, Inc.
and the Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.43(B) to
the 1995 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
13 Annual Report to Shareholders for the Year Ended December
31, 1996. Such report is furnished for the information of
the Securities and Exchange Commission only and, except for
those portions thereof which are expressly incorporated by
reference in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, is not to be
deemed filed as part of this Report.
21 List of Subsidiaries.
23 Consent of Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P.
24 Powers of Attorney.
99 Financial Security Assurance Inc. and Subsidiaries 1996
Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent
Accountants.
- ----------
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be
filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 14(c).
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
The Company did not file any Reports on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter
of 1996.
30
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
FINANCIAL SECURITY ASSURANCE
HOLDINGS LTD. (Registrant)
By: /s/ ROBERT P. COCHRAN
--------------------------------------
Name: Robert P. Cochran
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
Dated: March 24, 1997
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
/s/ JOHN J. BYRNE*
- ----------------------------
John J. Byrne Chairman of the Board March 24, 1997
and Director
/s/ ROBERT P. COCHRAN*
- ----------------------------
Robert P. Cochran President, Chief March 24, 1997
Executive Officer
and Director (Principal
Executive Officer)
/s/ ROGER K. TAYLOR*
- ----------------------------
Roger K. Taylor Managing Director, March 24, 1997
Chief Operating
Officer and Director
/s/ JOHN A. HARRISON*
- ----------------------------
John A. Harrison Managing Director March 24, 1997
and Chief Financial
Officer (Principal
Financial Officer)
/s/ JEFFREY S. JOSEPH*
- ----------------------------
Jeffrey S. Joseph Managing Director March 24, 1997
and Controller (Principal
Accounting Officer)
/S/ MICHAEL DJORDJEVICH*
- ----------------------------
Michael Djordjevich Director March 24, 1997
/s/ ROBERT N. DOWNEY*
- ----------------------------
Robert N. Downey Director March 24, 1997
/s/ ANTHONY M. FRANK*
- ----------------------------
Anthony M. Frank Director March 24, 1997
/s/ TOSHIKI KANEDA*
- ----------------------------
Toshiki Kaneda Director March 24, 1997
31
/s/ K. THOMAS KEMP*
- ----------------------------
K. Thomas Kemp Director March 24, 1997
/s/ DAVID O. MAXWELL*
- ----------------------------
David O. Maxwell Director March 24, 1997
/s/ JAMES M. OSTERHOFF*
- ----------------------------
James M. Osterhoff Director March 24, 1997
/s/ JAMES H. OZANNE*
- ----------------------------
James H. Ozanne Director March 24, 1997
/s/ STAATS M. PELLETT, JR.*
- ----------------------------
Staats M. Pellett, Jr. Director March 24, 1997
/s/ RICHARD A. POST*
- ----------------------------
Richard A. Post Director March 24, 1997
/s/ ALLAN L. WATERS*
- ----------------------------
Allan L. Waters Director March 24, 1997
/s/ HOWARD M. ZELIKOW*
- ----------------------------
Howard M. Zelikow Director March 24, 1997
- ----------
* Robert P. Cochran, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign this Annual
Report on Form 10-K on behalf of each of the Directors and Officers of the
Registrant named above after whose typed names asterisks appear pursuant to
powers of attorney duly executed by such Directors and Officers and filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to this Report.
By: /s/ ROBERT P. COCHRAN
--------------------------------
Robert P. Cochran,
Attorney-in-fact
32
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd.:
Our report on the consolidated financial statements of Financial Security
Assurance Holdings Ltd. and Subsidiaries has been incorporated by reference in
this Form 10-K from page 25 of the 1996 Annual Report to Shareholders of
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. and Subsidiaries. In connection with
our audits of such financial statements, we have also audited the related
financial statement schedule listed in the index on page 26 of this Form 10-K.
In our opinion, the financial statement schedule, referred to above, when
considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole,
presents fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be
included therein.
COOPERS & LYBRAND L.L.P.
New York, New York
January 24, 1997
33
Schedule II
Parent Company Condensed Financial Information
Condensed Balance Sheets
(Dollars in thousands)
December 31,
------------------------
1996 1995
---- ----
Assets:
Investments $ 29,040 $ 24,515
Investments in subsidiary, at equity in
net assets 785,332 759,986
Deferred taxes 515 1,269
Other assets 6,772 1,109
-------- --------
$821,659 $786,879
======== ========
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Other liabilities $ 20,399 $ 8,932
Shareholders' equity 801,260 777,947
-------- --------
$821,659 $786,879
======== ========
Condensed Statements of Income
(Dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
Dividends received from subsidiary $18,000 $ 19,000 $17,500
Other revenue 3,469 1,089 748
------- -------- -------
Total revenue 21,469 20,089 18,248
Total expenses 3,672 1,333 741
------- -------- -------
17,797 18,756 17,507
Equity in undistributed net income
of subsidiary 62,855 35,988 42,764
------- -------- -------
Income before income taxes 80,652 54,744 60,271
Income tax benefit 108 294 104
------- -------- -------
Net income $80,760 $55,038 $60,375
======= ======= =======
The Parent Company Condensed Financial Information should be read in conjunction
with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements as incorporated by reference in Item 8 (Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data).
34
Schedule II
Parent Company Condensed Financial Information (Continued)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(Dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
Cash flows from operating activities:
Other operating expenses paid, net $16,995 $ 10 $ (237)
Dividends from subsidiary 18,000 19,000 17,500
Net investment income received 3,610 1,779 979
Federal income taxes received (paid) (1,298) 1,405 (764)
Interest and liquidity fees paid (2,093) (57) (506)
Other (5,583) 12,973 319
------- -------- -------
Net cash provided by operating activities 29,631 35,110 17,291
------- -------- -------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of bonds 21,544 21,257 18,119
Purchases of bonds (10,895) (27,815) (27,158)
Purchases of property and equipment (107) (41) (44)
Payment for purchase of subsidiary, net of cash acquired (11,646)
Net decrease (increase) in short-term securities (14,911) (38,038) (3,457)
------- -------- -------
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities (4,369) (56,283) (12,540)
------- -------- -------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock 7,126
Return of capital 27,000 50,000
Dividends paid (10,536) (8,275) (4,150)
Treasury stock (41,660) (14,444) (3,730)
Issuance of preferred stock 700
Payment of management notes (5,624) (2,811)
------- -------- -------
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities (25,196) 21,657 (2,865)
------- -------- -------
Net increase (decrease) in cash 66 484 1,886
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 563 79 (1,807)
------- -------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 629 $ 563 $ 79
======= ======== =======
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
Net income (loss) $80,760 $55,038 $60,375
Equity in undistributed net loss (income) of subsidiary (62,855) (35,988) (42,764)
Decrease (increase) in accrued investment income 264 110 (340)
Increase (decrease) in accrued income taxes (2,278) 1,240 (4,969)
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes 873 (128) 4,101
Net realized losses (gains) on investments (1,338) (88) (56)
Deferred equity compensation 5,565 5,735
Depreciation and accretion of bond discount (119) (171) 50
Change in other assets and liabilities 8,759 9,362 894
------- -------- -------
Cash provided by operating activities $29,631 $ 35,110 $17,291
======= ======== =======
The Parent Company Condensed Financial Information should be read in conjunction
with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements as incorporated by reference in Item 8 (Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data).
35
SCHEDULE II
Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. (Parent Company)
Notes To Condensed Financial Statements
1. Condensed Financial Statements
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial
statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles have been condensed or omitted. These condensed financial
statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated
financial statements and the notes thereto.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
The Parent Company carries its investments in subsidiaries under the equity
method.
36
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
No. Exhibit
- ------- -------
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of August 18, 1995 among the
Company, FSACG Inc. and Capital Guaranty Corporation. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
S-4 (Reg. No. 33-99626), as such Registration Statement has been
amended, and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
(Commission File No. 1-12644) for the fiscal period ended December 31,
1994 (the "1994 Form 10-K"), and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.1(A) Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of the Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1(A) to
the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 33-70230),
as such Registration Statement has been amended (the "Form S-1"), and
incorporated herein by reference.)
3.2 Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company, as amended and restated
on February 14, 1996. (Previously filed as Exhibit 5 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No. 1-12644) for the
quarterly period ended March 31, 1996 (the "March 31, 1996 10-Q"), and
incorporated herein by reference.)
4 Specimen Certificate representing shares of Common Stock. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 4 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
4(A) Specimen Certificate representing shares of Series A Convertible
Redeemable Preferred Stock. (Previously filed as Exhibit 4(A) to the
Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
9 Voting Trust Agreement dated as of September 2, 1994 among Fund
American, U S WEST Capital Corporation ("USWCC") and First Chicago
Trust Company of New York, as voting trustee. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 9 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.1 Credit Agreement dated as of November 23, 1994 among FSA, Various
Banks and Swiss Bank Corporation, New York Branch, as agent.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2(B) to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.2 Facility Agreement dated as of August 30, 1994, among FSA, Canadian
Global Funding Corporation and Hambros Bank Limited. (Previously filed
as Exhibit 2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
(Commission File No. 1-12644) for the quarterly period ended September
30, 1994, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.3 Credit Agreement dated as of April 30, 1996, among FSA, Financial
Security Assurance of Maryland Inc., Financial Security Assurance of
Oklahoma, Inc., the Banks signatory thereto and Bayerische Landesbank
Girozentrale, New York Branch, as Agent. (Previously filed as Exhibit
2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Commission File No.
1-12644) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1996, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.4+ Money Purchase Pension Plan and Trust Agreement dated as of January 1,
1989 between FSA and Transamerica, with Adoption Agreement No. 001 and
Addendum. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Form S-1, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
1
Exhibit
No. Exhibit
- ------- -------
10.5+ Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as amended and restated as of
January 1, 1995. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.8(A) to the 1994 Form
10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.6+ Amended and Restated 1993 Equity Participation Plan (as amended and
restated December 20, 1995). (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.9(B) to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (Commission File No. 1-12644)
for the fiscal period ended December 31, 1995 (the "1995 Form 10-K"),
and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.6(A)+ Amended and Restated 1993 Equity Participation Plan (as amended and
restated on February 14, 1996). (Previously filed as Exhibit No. 4 to
the March 31, 1996 10-Q, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.7+ Deferred Compensation Plan (Effective as of June 1, 1995). (Previously
filed as Exhibit No. 3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
(Commission File No. 1-12644) for the quarterly period ended June 30,
1995 (the "June 30, 1995 10-Q"), and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.8+ Severance Policy for Senior Management (Effective as of February 8,
1995). (Previously filed as Exhibit No. 3 to the March 31, 1996 10-Q,
and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.9+ Employment Agreement dated as of December 20, 1995 between the Company
and Michael Djordjevich. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the
1995 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.10 Deconsolidation Agreement dated May 13, 1994 among U S WEST, Inc.,
USWCC, the Company, FSA, International and Oklahoma. (Previously filed
as Exhibit 10.16 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.11 Cooperation Agreement dated as of December 27, 1990 among Tokio
Marine, the Company and FSA. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the
Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.12 Tokio Marine Stockholders Agreement dated December 27, 1990 among
Tokio Marine, the Company and USWCC. (Previously filed as Exhibit
10.18 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.12(A) Letter Agreement dated as of September 2, 1994 concerning the Tokio
Marine Stockholders Agreement between U S WEST, Inc., and the Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.18(A) to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.12(B) Amendment No. 1 dated December 23, 1993 to Tokio Marine Stockholders
Agreement. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.19 to the Form S-1, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.13 Master Reinsurance Placement Memorandum dated December 27, 1991
between Tokio Marine and FSA. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.20 to
the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.14 Amended and Restated Interests and Liabilities Contract concerning the
Quota Share Treaty effective as of January 1, 1991 among Tokio Marine
and FSA and its identified subsidiaries and affiliates, with Amendment
No. 1 thereto. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.21(A) to the 1994 Form
10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.15 Amended and Restated Interests and Liabilities Contract concerning the
Municipal Bond Insurance Quota Share Treaty effective as of January 1,
1991 among Tokio Marine, FSA and its
2
Exhibit
No. Exhibit
- ------- -------
identified subsidiaries and affiliates, with Amendment No. 1 thereto.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.22(A) to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.16 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 1, 1995 between
FSA Portfolio Management Inc. and Charter Indemnity Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.23 to the 1995 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.17 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 1, 1995 between
FSA Portfolio Management Inc. and Northern County Mutual Insurance
Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.24 to the 1995 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.18 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 1, 1995 between
FSA Portfolio Management Inc. and Valley Insurance Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.25 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.19+ Promissory Note between the Company and Sean W. McCarthy dated
December 20, 1993. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.30(A) to the Form
S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.20 Quota Share Reinsurance Agreement dated December 22, 1993, among
Commercial Re, FSA and International. (Previously filed as Exhibit
10.17 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.21 Share Purchase Agreement dated as of December 23, 1993 among
Commercial Re, U S WEST and the Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit
10.32 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.22 Federal Income Tax Allocation Agreement dated as of December 23, 1993
among Commercial Re, U S WEST and the Company. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.33 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.23 Liquidity Facility dated as of December 23, 1993 among U S WEST, Inc.,
Commercial Re and the Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.34 to
the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.24 Investment Management Agreement dated as of December 23, 1993 among
FSA Portfolio Management, Commercial Re and the Company. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 10.35 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.25 Agreement for Management and the Provision of Personnel, Property and
Services dated as of December 23, 1993 between Commercial Re and the
Company. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.36 to the Form S-1, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.26 Securities Purchase Agreement among U S WEST, Inc., USWCC, Fund
American and the Company (including Exhibit A thereto). (Previously
filed as Exhibit 10.38 to the Form S-1, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.26(A) Amendment dated as of May 6, 1994 to Securities Purchase Agreement
among U S WEST, Inc., USWCC, Fund American and the Company.
(Previously filed as Exhibit 10.38(A) to the 1994 Form 10-K, and
incorporated herein by reference.)
10.27 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of May 13, 1994 among the
Company, USWCC and Fund American. (Previously filed as Exhibit 10.39
to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by reference.)
3
Exhibit
No. Exhibit
- ------- -------
10.28 Fund American Shareholders Agreement dated as of September 2, 1994
among USWCC, Fund American and the Company. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.40 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.29 Five-Year Option dated as of September 2, 1994. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.41 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.30 Ten-Year Option dated as of September 2, 1994. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.42 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.31 Insurance Indemnification and Insurance Agreement dated as of May 20,
1994, between U S WEST, Inc. and the Company. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.43 to the 1994 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.31(A) Letter dated May 23, 1995 from the Company to U S WEST, Inc. amending
Insurance Indemnification and Insurance Agreement dated as of May 20,
1994, between U S WEST, Inc. and the Company. (Previously filed as
Exhibit 10.43(A) to the 1995 Form 10-K, and incorporated herein by
reference.)
10.31(B) Letter dated November 28, 1995 from the Company to U S WEST, Inc.
amending Insurance Indemnification and Insurance Agreement dated as of
May 20, 1994, between U S WEST, Inc. and the Company. (Previously
filed as Exhibit 10.43(B) to the 1995 Form 10-K, and incorporated
herein by reference.)
13* Annual Report to Shareholders for the Year Ended December 31, 1996.
Such report is furnished for the information of the Securities and
Exchange Commission only and, except for those portions thereof which
are expressly incorporated by reference in the Annual Report on Form
10-K, is not to be deemed filed as part of this Report.
21* List of Subsidiaries.
23* Consent of Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P.
24* Powers of Attorney.
99* Financial Security Assurance Inc. and Subsidiaries 1996 Consolidated
Financial Statements and Report of Independent Accountants.
- ----------
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be
filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 14(c).
* Filed herewith.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
The Company did not file any Reports on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter
of 1996.
4