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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2003

Commission File No. 0-26912

Vodavi Technology, Inc.


(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   86-0789350

 
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
     
4717 East Hilton Avenue, Ste. 400, Phoenix, Arizona   85034

 
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

(480) 443-6000


(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  X   No     .

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes      No  X   .

The number of shares outstanding of registrant’s Common Stock, $.001 par value per share, as of October 28, 2003 was 3,520,589.

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Item 2.Changes In Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4.Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Item 5.Other Information
Item 6.Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
SIGNATURES
EX-31.1
EX-31.2
EX-32.1
EX-32.2


Table of Contents

VODAVI TECHNOLOGY, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS

                 
            Page
PART I.  
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
       
Item 1.  
Financial Statements
       
       
Consolidated Balance Sheets — September 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002
    3  
       
Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 and 2002
    4  
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 and 2002
    5  
       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
    6  
Item 2.  
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    10  
Item 3.  
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
    17  
Item 4.  
Controls and Procedures
    17  
PART II.  
OTHER INFORMATION
    18  
       
SIGNATURES
    19  

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VODAVI TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

In thousands, except share amounts

                     
        September 30, 2003   December 31, 2002
       
 
CURRENT ASSETS:
               
 
Cash
  $ 1,462     $ 1,141  
 
Accounts receivable, net of reserves for doubtful accounts and sales returns of $344 and $422, respectively
    7,078       6,671  
 
Inventory
    4,546       5,550  
 
Income tax receivable
          300  
 
Deferred income taxes
    436       436  
 
Prepaid and other current assets
    505       731  
 
   
     
 
   
Total current assets
    14,027       14,829  
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net
    1,552       1,631  
GOODWILL
    725       725  
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES
    160       160  
OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS
    75       43  
 
   
     
 
 
  $ 16,539     $ 17,388  
 
 
   
     
 
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
               
 
Accounts payable
  $ 621     $ 1,250  
 
Accrued liabilities
    1,863       1,551  
 
Accounts payable to stockholder
    3,631       3,965  
 
Current portion of long-term debt
    200        
 
   
     
 
   
Total current liabilities
    6,315       6,766  
 
   
     
 
Long-term debt
    750        
 
   
     
 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
               
 
Preferred stock, $.001 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued
           
 
Common stock, $.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 3,839,289 and 4,668,488 shares issued
    4       5  
 
Additional paid-in capital
    11,441       13,503  
 
Accumulated deficit
    (1,212 )     (2,127 )
 
Treasury stock, 318,700 shares at cost
    (759 )     (759 )
 
   
     
 
 
    9,474       10,622  
 
   
     
 
 
  $ 16,539     $ 17,388  
 
 
   
     
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated balance sheets.

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VODAVI TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

In thousands except per share amounts

                                   
      Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
      September 30,   September 30,
     
 
      2003   2002   2003   2002
     
 
 
 
REVENUE, net
  $ 11,397     $ 10,541     $ 30,678     $ 28,790  
COST OF GOODS SOLD
    7,456       6,600       20,110       18,234  
 
   
     
     
     
 
GROSS MARGIN
    3,941       3,941       10,568       10,556  
 
   
     
     
     
 
OPERATING EXPENSES:
                               
 
Engineering and product development
    499       637       1,569       1,696  
 
Selling, general and administrative
    2,655       2,916       7,393       7,635  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    3,154       3,553       8,962       9,331  
 
   
     
     
     
 
OPERATING INCOME
    787       388       1,606       1,225  
INTEREST EXPENSE
    40       22       93       82  
 
   
     
     
     
 
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE
    747       366       1,513       1,143  
INCOME TAX PROVISION
    295       145       598       453  
 
   
     
     
     
 
INCOME BEFORE CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE
    452       221       915       690  
CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE, net of tax
                      (1,263 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
NET INCOME (LOSS)
  $ 452     $ 221     $ 915     $ (573 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
                               
Basic
                               
 
Income before change in accounting principle
  $ 0.13     $ 0.05     $ 0.23     $ 0.16  
 
Change in accounting principle
                      (0.29 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Net income (loss)
  $ 0.13     $ 0.05     $ 0.23     $ (0.13 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Diluted
                               
 
Income before change in accounting principle
  $ 0.12     $ 0.05     $ 0.22     $ 0.16  
 
Change in accounting principle
                      (0.29 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Net income (loss)
  $ 0.12     $ 0.05     $ 0.22     $ (0.13 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:
                               
 
Basic
    3,521       4,350       4,021       4,324  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Diluted
    3,766       4,469       4,192       4,418  
 
   
     
     
     
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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VODAVI TECHNOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

In thousands

                         
            Nine Months Ended
            September 30,
           
            2003   2002
           
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
               
Net income (loss)
  $ 915     $ (573 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows provided by operating activities:
               
 
Depreciation and amortization
    347       513  
 
Change in accounting principle
          1,263  
Changes in working capital:
               
 
Accounts receivable, net
    (407 )     (624 )
 
Inventory
    1,004       1,221  
 
Income tax receivable
    300       839  
 
Prepaid and other current assets
    226       (265 )
 
Other long-term assets and deferred taxes
    (38 )      
 
Accounts payable and payable to stockholder
    (963 )     2,527  
 
Accrued liabilities
    312       (182 )
 
   
     
 
       
Net cash flows provided by operating activities
    1,696       4,719  
 
   
     
 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
 
Cash paid to acquire property and equipment
    (262 )     (418 )
 
Cash paid to acquire DataSpeak Systems, Inc.
          (624 )
 
   
     
 
     
Net cash flows used in investing activities
    (262 )     (1,042 )
 
   
     
 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
 
Net advances (payments) on revolving credit facility
          (2,593 )
 
Borrowings on term loan
    1,000        
 
Repayments on term loan
    (50 )      
 
Stock repurchase
    (2,063 )      
 
   
     
 
   
Net cash flows used in financing activities
    (1,113 )     (2,593 )
 
   
     
 
CHANGE IN CASH
    321       1,084  
CASH, beginning of period
    1,141       340  
 
   
     
 
CASH, end of period
  $ 1,462     $ 1,424  
 
   
     
 
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
               
 
Cash paid for interest
  $ 93     $ 82  
 
   
     
 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
 
Common stock issued to acquire DataSpeak Systems, Inc.
  $     $ 135  
 
   
     
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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VODAVI TECHNOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2003

(a)  INTERIM FINANCIAL REPORTING

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by Vodavi Technology, Inc. and subsidiaries (“Vodavi” or the “Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position, and cash flows as of and for the periods presented.

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other things, customer incentive programs, allowances for bad debts and sales returns, inventory obsolescence, product warranty, depreciation, taxes and other contingencies. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period they are determined to be necessary.

The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 are not necessarily indicative of financial results for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Vodavi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.

[SPACE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

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(b)  CALCULATION OF EARNINGS PER SHARE

In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”, the Company displays basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS). Basic EPS is determined by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding excludes all dilutive securities. Diluted EPS is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive securities outstanding.

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator (weighted average number of shares outstanding) of the basic and diluted EPS computation is as follows:

                                   
      Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
      September 30,   September 30,
     
 
      2003   2002   2003   2002
     
 
 
 
      (In thousands)
Income before change in accounting principle
  $ 452     $ 221     $ 915     $ 690  
Change in accounting principle
                      (1,263 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Net income (loss)
  $ 452     $ 221     $ 915     $ (573 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Weighted average common shares:
                               
 
Basic
    3,521       4,350       4,021       4,324  
 
Effect of dilutive stock options (1)
    245       119       171       94  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Diluted
    3,766       4,469       4,192       4,418  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Anti-dilutive stock options (1)
    241       621       592       611  


(1)   Dilutive securities are calculated using the treasury stock method and the average market price during the period. If an option’s strike price is less than the average market price during the reporting period, the option is dilutive. If an option’s strike price is greater than the average market price during the reporting period, the option is anti-dilutive and is not included in the weighted average common shares calculation. All options are anti-dilutive in reporting periods that result in a loss, excluding extraordinary items, regardless of the average market price.

(c) STOCK OPTION PLANS

Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”, encourages entities to recognize as expense over the vesting period the fair value of all stock-based awards on the date of grant. Alternatively, SFAS No. 123 allows entities to continue to apply the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and provide pro forma earnings per share disclosures for employee stock option grants as if the fair-value-based method as defined in SFAS No. 123 had been applied. The Company applies the intrinsic value method under APB No. 25 and provides the pro forma disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123.

No stock-based employee compensation cost is reflected in net income as all options granted under the Plan had an exercise price equal to or greater than the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. If the Company had accounted for its stock-based compensation plan using a fair value based method of accounting as prescribed in SFAS No. 123, the Company’s net income and earnings per share would have been reported as follows:

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      Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
      September 30,   September 30,
     
 
      2003   2002   2003   2002
     
 
 
 
      (In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
Net income (loss):
                               
 
As reported
  $ 452     $ 221     $ 915     $ (573 )
 
Options expense, net of taxes
    23       37       83       92  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Pro forma net income (loss)
  $ 429     $ 184     $ 832     $ (665 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Earnings (loss) per share:
                               
 
As reported — Basic
  $ 0.13     $ 0.05     $ 0.23     $ (0.13 )
 
As reported — Diluted
    0.12       0.05       0.22       (0.13 )
 
Pro forma — Basic
    0.12       0.04       0.21       (0.15 )
 
Pro forma — Diluted
  $ 0.11     $ 0.04     $ 0.20     $ (0.15 )

(d)  SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company operates in one reportable segment, the distribution of business telecommunications equipment. Accordingly, the Company has only presented financial information for its one reportable segment.

(e)  CREDIT AGREEMENT

In April 2003, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Comerica Bank-California (“Comerica”), which established a $5.0 million revolving line of credit facility and a $1.0 million term loan (the “Credit Facility”). Advances under the Credit Facility are based upon eligible accounts receivable and inventory of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Vodavi Communications Systems, Inc. and are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. The Credit Facility contains covenants that are customary for similar credit facilities and also prohibits our operating subsidiaries from paying dividends to our company without the consent of Comerica.

The $5.0 million revolving line of credit bears interest at Comerica’s prime rate (4.0% as of September 30, 2003) and requires monthly payments of interest only with all unpaid principal and accrued interest due at its expiration in April 2005. If the Company is unable to reduce the principal balance on the line of credit to zero for at least thirty consecutive days during any fiscal year, then any remaining balance will be converted into a term loan, or term balance, as defined in the agreement. In addition to interest on the term balance, the Company will be required to make monthly payments of principal in an amount sufficient to fully amortize the term balance over a thirty-six month period.

The $1.0 million term loan was available to the Company only for the purpose of acquiring its common stock. Borrowings on the term loan bear interest at Comerica’s prime rate plus 0.5%, or 4.5% as of September 30, 2003. In addition to interest on the term loan, the Company is required to make monthly payments of principal in an amount sufficient to fully amortize the term loan over a sixty-month period with all unpaid principal and accrued interest due in thirty-six months, or by June 2006.

(f)  SELF TENDER OFFER – STOCK REPURCHASE

In May 2003, the Company commenced a self-tender offer to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock for $2.40 per share. On June 13, 2003, the Company repurchased 829,199 shares of its common stock at $2.40 per share pursuant to the tender offer. The purchase price of approximately $2.1 million, which includes offering costs of approximately $73,000, is recorded as a reduction to common stock and additional paid in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2003.

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(g)  CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 141, Accounting For Business Combinations, and SFAS No. 142, Goodwill And Other Intangible Assets. These statements modified accounting for business combinations after June 30, 2001 and affected the Company’s treatment of goodwill and other intangible assets effective January 1, 2002. The statements require that goodwill existing at the date of adoption be reviewed for possible impairment and that impairment tests be performed at least annually, with impaired assets written-down to fair value. Additionally, existing goodwill and intangible assets must be assessed and classified consistent with the statements’ criteria. Intangible assets with estimated useful lives will continue to be amortized over those periods. Amortization of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives has ceased.

The Company determined that upon adoption of these statements on January 1, 2002, the $1.6 million carrying amount of the goodwill as of that date was impaired. The goodwill impairment was recognized in 2002 as a change in accounting principle, net of $375,000 of income taxes.

In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. SFAS No. 144 addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. This statement also extends the reporting requirements to report separately, as discontinued operations, components of an entity that have either been disposed of or are classified as held-for-sale. We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 144 effective January 1, 2002. The adoption of this statement did not have any impact on our financial condition or results from operations.

In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” SFAS No. 146 requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are incurred rather than at the date of a commitment to an exit or disposal plan. SFAS No. 146 replaced EITF Issue No. 94-3, “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring),” and applies to exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. The requirements of SFAS No. 146 will not be required unless and until the Company has a future exit or disposal activity.

In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantee of the Indebtedness of Others”. This Interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees that it has issued. It also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The initial recognition and initial measurement provisions in this interpretation apply to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. We have adopted the disclosure provisions of this interpretation.

In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensations – A Transition and Disclosure – an Amendment to SFAS No. 123.” SFAS No. 148 amends SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”, to provide alternative methods of transition for an entity that voluntarily changes to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. It also amends the disclosure provisions of that Statement to require prominent disclosure about the effects on reported net income of an entity’s accounting policy decisions with respect to stock-based employee compensation. Finally, this statement amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting”, to require disclosure about those effects in interim financial information. We have adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 148 as of December 31, 2002.

In January 2003, The FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51.” This Interpretation provides guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than through voting rights and how to determine when and which business enterprise should consolidate the Variable Interest Entity. This new model for consolidation applies to an entity in which either the equity investor (if any) does not have a controlling financial interest or the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without receiving additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The adoption of this Interpretation did not have any impact on our financial condition or results from operations.

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In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.” This Statement establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. It requires that an issuer classify a financial instrument that is within its scope as a liability (or an asset in some circumstances). This Statement is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. The adoption of this statement did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results from operations.

(h)  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is subject to certain asserted and unasserted claims encountered in the normal course of business. The Company believes that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. The Company cannot provide assurance, however, that damages that result in a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations will not be imposed by these matters.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Business Overview

We design, develop, market, and support a broad range of business telecommunications solutions, including telephony products, voice processing products, and computer-telephony products for a wide variety of business applications. Our telecommunications solutions incorporate sophisticated features, such as automatic call distribution and Internet protocol, or IP, gateways. Our voice processing products include interactive voice response systems, automated attendant, and voice and fax mail. Our computer-telephony products enable users to integrate the functionality of their telephone systems with their computer systems. We market our products primarily in the United States as well as in foreign countries through a distribution model consisting primarily of wholesale distributors and direct dealers.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to customer incentives, bad debts, sales returns, excess and obsolete inventory, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Customer Incentives

We record reductions to revenue for customer incentive programs, including special pricing agreements, price protection for our distributors, promotions, and other volume-related rebate programs. Such reductions to revenue are estimates, which are based on a number of factors, including our assumptions related to customer redemption rates, sales volumes, and inventory levels at our distributors. If actual results differ from our original assumptions, revisions are made to our estimates that could result in additional reductions to our reported revenue in the period the revisions are made. Additionally, if market conditions were to decline, we may take actions to

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increase the level of customer incentive offerings that could result in an incremental reduction of revenue in the period in which we offer the incentive.

Bad Debts

We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. Additionally, we have a significant concentration of accounts receivable with our largest distributor, Graybar Electric Company, Inc. As of September 30, 2003, Graybar accounted for 38% of our total accounts receivable. If Graybar’s financial condition were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments to us, it could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Sales Returns

We maintain allowances for estimated sales returns. While we have distribution agreements with our largest distributors that limit the amount of sales returns on active products, we generally allow unlimited returns of products that we discontinue. Accordingly, the timing and amount of revisions to our estimates for sales returns is largely influenced by our decisions to discontinue product lines and our ability to predict the inventory levels of such products at our largest distributors. Revisions to these estimates have the effect of increasing or decreasing the reported amount of revenue in the period in which the revisions are made. We generally do not accept product returns from our direct dealers unless the product is damaged.

Excess and Obsolete Inventory

We record our inventory at the lower of cost or market value. Our assessment of market value is determined by, among other things, historical and forecasted sales activity, the condition of specific inventory items, and competitive pricing considerations. When the assessed market value is less than the historical cost, provision is made in the financial statements to write-down the carrying amount of the respective inventory items to market value. If actual results are less favorable than our original assumptions for determining market value, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

The above listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of our accounting policies. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, which contains accounting policies and other disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated the percentage of total revenue represented by certain revenue and expense items. The table and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this report.

                                 
    Three Months Ended   Nine Months Ended
    September 30,   September 30,
   
 
    2003   2002   2003   2002
   
 
 
 
Revenue
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
Cost of goods sold
    65.4       62.6       65.6       63.3  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Gross margin
    34.6       37.4       34.4       36.7  
Operating expenses:
                               
Engineering and product development
    4.4       6.0       5.1       5.9  
Selling, general, and administrative
    23.3       27.7       24.1       26.5  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    27.7       33.7       29.2       32.4  
Operating income
    6.9       3.7       5.2       4.3  
Interest expense, net
    0.4       0.2       0.3       0.3  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Pretax income
    6.5       3.5       4.9       4.0  
Income tax expense
    2.6       1.4       1.9       1.6  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Income before change in accounting principle
    3.9       2.1       3.0       2.4  
Change in accounting principle
                      (4.4 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Net income (loss)
    3.9 %     2.1 %     3.0 %     (2.0 )%
 
   
     
     
     
 

Quarter Ended September 30, 2003 Compared With Quarter Ended September 30, 2002

Revenue

Revenue for the three-month period ended September 30, 2003 totaled $11.4 million, an increase of 8.1%, from revenue of $10.5 million for the same period of 2002. Sales to our supply house customers accounted for approximately $7.0 million of our total revenue during the third quarter of 2003 compared with $6.2 million in the 2002 third quarter. The increase in sales to our supply house customers in 2003 is principally related to sales of our new STS telephone system that we introduced in January 2003. The STS product line is a full-featured telephone system designed and priced to capture a larger portion of the small business telephone system market. While the STS telephone system has been accepted well into the marketplace, sales of this product have had the effect of reducing the level of sales of similar products that we sell through supply houses.

Sales through our infinite direct dealer program totaled $4.1 million for the most recent quarter compared with $4.0 million for the same period a year ago. During 2003, we continued our program to focus on selling to fewer, but larger and better-established, dealers who are more effective at selling our larger systems.

Gross Margin

Our gross margin was approximately $3.9 million for each of the quarterly periods ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Our gross margin as a percentage of total revenue decreased to 34.6% during 2003 from 37.4% during 2002. The decrease in our gross margin percentage during 2003 is a direct result of the product mix of sales to our supply house customers with a heavier emphasis of sales of our new STS telephone system, which generates a lower overall gross margin percentage than most of our other products.

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Engineering and Product Development

Engineering and product development expenditures decreased to $499,000 during the third quarter of 2003 from $637,000 in the same period of 2002. The current quarter’s expenditures reflect headcount reductions and less outsourced development costs from a year ago. While engineering and product development expenditures have decreased from a year ago, we continue to invest in the development of our next generation IP Key Telephone System, the convergence of and enhancements to our existing Key Telephone Systems, and enhancements to our voice processing products.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased to $2.7 million in the third quarter of 2003 from approximately $2.9 in the third quarter of 2002. During the third quarter of 2002, we incurred a $300,000 charge for the settlement of litigation.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased to $40,000 during the third quarter of 2003 from $22,000 for the same period a year ago.

Income Taxes

We provided for federal and state income taxes using an effective rate of 39.5% for each of the third quarters of 2003 and 2002.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 Compared With Nine Months Ended September 30, 2002

Revenue

Revenue for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2003 totaled $30.7 million, an increase of 6.6%, from revenue of $28.8 million for the same period of 2002. Sales to our supply house customers accounted for approximately $18.4 million of our total revenue during the nine-month period of 2003 compared with $16.6 million in the same period of 2002. The increase in sales to our supply house customers in 2003 is principally related to sales of our new STS telephone system that we introduced in January 2003. The STS product line is a full-featured telephone system designed and priced to capture a larger portion of the small business telephone system market. While the STS telephone system has been accepted well into the marketplace, sales of this product have had the effect of reducing the level of sales of similar products that we sell through supply houses.

Sales through our infinite direct dealer program totaled $12.1 million for the first nine months of 2003 compared with $11.1 million the same period of 2002. During 2003, we continued our program to focus on selling to fewer, but larger and better-established, dealers who are more effective at selling our larger systems.

Gross Margin

Our gross margin was approximately $10.6 million for each of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Our gross margin as a percentage of total revenue decreased to 34.4% during 2003 from 36.7% during 2002. The decrease in our gross margin percentage during 2003 is a direct result of the product mix of sales to our supply house customers with a heavier emphasis of sales of our new STS telephone system, which generates a lower overall gross margin percentage than most our other products. In addition, our gross margin percentage has declined during the first nine months of 2003 as a result of our efforts to rationalize our product lines and reduce inventory levels.

Engineering and Product Development

Engineering and product development expenditures decreased slightly to $1.6 million during the first nine months of 2003 from $1.7 million for the same period a year ago. We continue to invest in the development of our next generation IP Key Telephone System, the convergence of and enhancements to our existing Key Telephone Systems, and enhancements to our voice processing products.

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Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses also decreased to $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 compared to $7.6 from the same period of 2002. The decrease is primarily attributable to $300,000 of expense in the 2002 period for the settlement of litigation.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased slightly to $93,000 for the first nine months of 2003 from $82,000 for the same period a year ago.

Income Taxes

We provided for federal and state income taxes using an effective rate of 39.5% during the 2003 period compared with 39.6% for the 2002 period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our net working capital position was approximately $7.7 million at September 30, 2003 compared with $8.1 million at December 31, 2002. We had a cash balance of $1.5 million at September 30, 2003 compared with a cash balance of $1.1 million at December 31, 2002. Factors that decreased our cash position during the first nine months of 2003 included an increase in accounts receivable of $407,000, a reduction of accounts payable of $963,000, and repayments on our term loan of $50,000. We also used approximately $262,000 during the first nine months of 2003 for the purchase of property and equipment and $2.1 million for the repurchase of stock. Sources of cash included positive income from operations, reductions in inventory of $1.0 million and other current assets of $226,000, the receipt of a $300,000 income tax refund and borrowings on our term loan of $1.0 million.

Our accounts receivable days sales outstanding, calculated on a quarterly basis, were approximately 56 days as of September 30, 2003 compared to 70 days as of December 31, 2002. The timing of payments received from our largest distributors and the linearity of our revenue streams during the quarter significantly influence our days sales outstanding and our liquidity. Our two largest distributors comprised 54% of our total accounts receivable as of September 30, 2003 and 43% as of December 31, 2002. An increase in concentration from our two largest distributors generally has the effect of increasing our days sales outstanding while a more linear revenue stream during the quarter has the effect of reducing our receivable days sales outstanding.

Our inventory turnover, measured in terms of days sales outstanding on a quarterly basis, was 55 days as of September 30, 2003 compared to 87 days as of December 31, 2002. The decrease in inventory days outstanding is a direct result of a higher volume of sales in the third quarter 2003 compared with the fourth quarter of 2002 and our efforts to rationalize our product lines.

Trade payables and accrued liabilities, including payables to third-party and related-party manufacturers, were approximately $6.1 million as of September 30, 2003 compared with $6.8 million as of December 31, 2002. The level of our trade payables and accrued liabilities between periods is largely influenced by the timing of payments we make to our largest suppliers for inventory items and payments to cover payroll and customer rebates. We generally pay trade payables within 45 days from the invoice date, except for payments to our largest supplier, which are 60 days from the invoice date.

We had a $15.0 million credit facility with General Electric Capital Corporation that expired in April 2003. The line of credit bore interest at 2.5% over the 30-day commercial paper rate. Advances under the line of credit were based upon eligible accounts receivable and inventory of our wholly owned subsidiary Vodavi Communications Systems, Inc., and were secured by substantially all of our assets. The revolving line of credit contained covenants that are customary for similar credit facilities and also prohibited our operating subsidiaries from paying dividends to our Company without the consent of GE Capital.

In April 2003, we entered into a credit agreement with Comerica Bank-California of a size that is more reflective of the current capital requirements of our business. The credit agreement established a $5.0 million revolving line of credit and a $1.0 million term loan. Advances under the credit facility are based upon eligible

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accounts receivable and inventory of our wholly owned subsidiary Vodavi Communications Systems, Inc. and are secured by substantially all of our assets. The credit facility contains covenants that are customary for similar credit facilities and also prohibits our operating subsidiaries from paying dividends to our Company without the consent of Comerica.

The $5.0 million revolving line of credit bears interest at Comerica’s prime rate, or 4.0% at September 30, 2003, and requires monthly payments of interest only with all unpaid principal and accrued interest due at its expiration in April 2005. If we are unable to reduce the principal balance on the line of credit to zero for at least thirty consecutive days during any fiscal year, then any remaining balance will be converted into a term loan, or term balance, as defined in the agreement. In addition to interest on the term balance, we will be required to make monthly payments of principal in an amount sufficient to fully amortize the term balance over a thirty-six month period.

The $1.0 million term loan was available to us only for the purpose of acquiring our common stock. Borrowings on the term loan bear interest at Comerica’s prime rate plus 0.5%, or 4.5% at September 30, 2003. In addition to interest on the term loan, we are required to make monthly payments of principal in an amount sufficient to fully amortize the term loan over a sixty-month period with all unpaid principal and accrued interest due in thirty-six months, or by June 2006.

In May 2003, we commenced a self-tender offer to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock for $2.40 per share. On June 13, 2003, we repurchased 829,199 shares of our common stock at $2.40 per share pursuant to the tender offer. The purchase price of approximately $2.1 million, which includes offering costs of approximately $73,000, is recorded as a reduction to common stock and additional paid in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2003. The repurchase was funded through advances on our revolving line of credit and term loan.

We have no special purpose entities or off balance sheet financing arrangements, commitments, or guarantees other than certain long-term operating lease agreements for our office and warehouse facilities and short-term purchase commitments to our third-party suppliers. The following table sets forth all known commitments as of September 30, 2003 and the year in which those commitments become due or are expected to be settled (in thousands):

                                         
            Credit           Accounts Payable        
    Operating   Facility and   Purchase   & Accrued        
Year   Leases   Term Loan   Commitments   Liabilities   Total

 
 
 
 
 
2003
  $ 274     $ 50     $ 6,212     $ 6,115     $ 12,651  
2004
    1,095       200                   1,295  
2005
    881       200                   1,081  
2006
    818       500                   1,318  
2007
    785                         785  
Thereafter
    3,142                         3,142  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 6,995     $ 950     $ 6,212     $ 6,115     $ 20,272  
 
   
     
     
     
     
 

From time to time we are subject to certain asserted and unasserted claims encountered in the normal course of business. We believe that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. We cannot provide assurance, however, that damages that result in a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations will not be imposed in these matters.

We believe that our working capital and credit facilities are sufficient to fund our capital needs during the next 12 months. Although we currently have no acquisition targets, we intend to continue to explore acquisition opportunities as they arise and may be required to seek additional financing in the future to meet such opportunities.

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International Manufacturing Sources

We currently obtain a substantial majority of our products under various manufacturing arrangements with third-party manufacturers in South Korea and Thailand, including LGE who owns approximately 25% of our outstanding common stock. We face risks associated with international manufacturing sources. For a more detailed discussion of these risks, please see Item 1, “Special Considerations” included in our annual report on form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.

Impact of Recently Issued Standards

In 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Accounting For Business Combinations, and SFAS No. 142, Goodwill And Other Intangible Assets. These statements modified accounting for business combinations after June 30, 2001 and affected the Company’s treatment of goodwill and other intangible assets effective January 1, 2002. The statements require that goodwill existing at the date of adoption be reviewed for possible impairment and that impairment tests be performed at least annually, with impaired assets written-down to fair value. Additionally, existing goodwill and intangible assets must be assessed and classified consistent with the statements’ criteria. Intangible assets with estimated useful lives will continue to be amortized over those periods. Amortization of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives will cease.

The Company determined that upon adoption of these statements on January 1, 2002, the $1.6 million carrying amount of the goodwill as of that date was impaired. The goodwill impairment was recognized in 2002 as a change in accounting principle, net of $375,000 of income taxes.

In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. SFAS No. 144 addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. This statement also extends the reporting requirements to report separately, as discontinued operations, components of an entity that have either been disposed of or are classified as held-for-sale. We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 144 effective January 1, 2002. The adoption of this statement did not have any impact on our financial condition or results from operations.

In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” SFAS No. 146 requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are incurred rather than at the date of a commitment to an exit or disposal plan. SFAS No. 146 replaced EITF Issue No. 94-3, “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring),” and applies to exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. The requirements of SFAS No. 146 will not be required unless and until the Company has a future exit or disposal activity.

In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantee of the Indebtedness of Others”. This Interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees that it has issued. It also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The initial recognition and initial measurement provisions in this interpretation apply to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. We have adopted the disclosure provisions of this interpretation.

In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensations – A Transition and Disclosure – an Amendment to SFAS No. 123.” SFAS No. 148 amends SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”, to provide alternative methods of transition for an entity that voluntarily changes to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. It also amends the disclosure provisions of that Statement to require prominent disclosure about the effects on reported net income of an entity’s accounting policy decisions with respect to stock-based employee compensation. Finally, this statement amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting”, to require disclosure about those effects in interim financial information. We have adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 148 as of December 31, 2002.

In January 2003, The FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51.” This Interpretation provides guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than through voting rights and how to determine when and which

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business enterprise should consolidate the Variable Interest Entity. This new model for consolidation applies to an entity in which either the equity investor (if any) does not have a controlling financial interest or the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without receiving additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The adoption of this Interpretation did not have any impact on our financial condition or results from operations.

In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.” This Statement establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. It requires that an issuer classify a financial instrument that is within its scope as a liability (or an asset in some circumstances). This Statement is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. The adoption of this statement did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results from operations.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our business strategies, our business, and the industry in which we operate. These forward-looking statements are based primarily on our expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors, including those set forth in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We do not participate in any activities involving derivative financial instruments or other financial and commodity instruments. We do not hold investment securities that would require disclosure of market risk. Our market risk exposure is limited to interest rate risk associated with our credit facility. We incur interest at a variable rate of prime on advances made under our revolving line of credit and prime plus 0.5% on our term loan. At September 30, 2003 we had a term loan balance of $950,000 and had no outstanding borrowings on the line of credit.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We have evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2003. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have each concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that we record, process, summarize, and report information required to be disclosed by us in our quarterly reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. During the quarterly period covered by this report, there have not been any changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

  Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
    Not applicable.

  Item 2. Changes In Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
    Not applicable.

  Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
    Not applicable.

  Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
    Not applicable.

  Item 5. Other Information
 
    Not applicable.

  Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
 
  Exhibits:  
 
    Exhibit 31.1 — Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
    Exhibit 31.2 — Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
    Exhibit 32.1 — Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
    Exhibit 32.2 — Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
    Reports on Form 8-K:
 
    On July 2, 2003, the Registrant filed a Form 8-K reporting a change in the Registrant’s certifying accountant.

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SIGNATURES

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

         
        VODAVI TECHNOLOGY, INC.
 
Dated:   October 28, 2003   /s/ Gregory K. Roeper
       
        Gregory K. Roeper
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
Dated:   October 28, 2003   /s/ David A. Husband
       
        David A. Husband
Chief Financial Officer and Vice President – Finance
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

  Exhibit Number   Description
 
  31.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
  31.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
  32.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
  32.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.