FORM 10-Q
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
(Mark One)
[X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
||
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2002 OR |
|||
[ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT
TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-14905
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |
47-0813844 |
|
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification number) |
1440 Kiewit Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68131
(Address of principal executive office)
(Zip Code)
(402) 346-1400
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
[X] | [ ] | |
YES | NO |
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of July 31, 2002:
Class A 1,317,317
Class B 6,500,173
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Page No. | ||||
Part I Financial Information | ||||
Item 1. Financial Statements | ||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 2 | |||
June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Earnings | 3 | |||
Second Quarter and First Half 2002 and 2001 | ||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4 | |||
First Half 2002 and 2001 | ||||
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements | 5-11 | |||
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 12-21 | |||
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 21 | |||
Part II Other Information | ||||
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds | 22 | |||
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 22 | |||
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K | 22 |
1
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Part I Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in millions except per share amounts)
June 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 7,260 | $ | 5,313 | ||||||||
Investments: |
||||||||||||
Securities with fixed maturities |
38,725 | 36,509 | ||||||||||
Equity securities |
31,243 | 28,675 | ||||||||||
Other |
2,139 | 1,974 | ||||||||||
Receivables |
12,623 | 11,926 | ||||||||||
Inventories |
2,815 | 2,213 | ||||||||||
Investments in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company |
2,723 | 1,826 | ||||||||||
Assets of finance and financial products businesses |
35,935 | 41,591 | ||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment |
5,120 | 4,776 | ||||||||||
Goodwill of acquired businesses |
22,143 | 21,407 | ||||||||||
Other assets |
6,771 | 6,542 | ||||||||||
$ | 167,497 | $ | 162,752 | |||||||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |
$ | 42,011 | $ | 40,716 | ||||||||
Unearned premiums |
6,223 | 4,814 | ||||||||||
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
11,217 | 9,626 | ||||||||||
Income taxes, principally deferred |
8,434 | 7,021 | ||||||||||
Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt |
4,091 | 3,485 | ||||||||||
Liabilities of finance and financial products businesses |
31,775 | 37,791 | ||||||||||
103,751 | 103,453 | |||||||||||
Minority shareholders interests |
1,376 | 1,349 | ||||||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||||||
Common Stock:* |
||||||||||||
Class A Common Stock, $5 par value
and Class B Common Stock, $0.1667 par value |
8 | 8 | ||||||||||
Capital in excess of par value |
25,985 | 25,607 | ||||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
14,972 | 12,891 | ||||||||||
Retained earnings |
21,405 | 19,444 | ||||||||||
Total shareholders equity |
62,370 | 57,950 | ||||||||||
$ | 167,497 | $ | 162,752 | |||||||||
* | Class B Common Stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis, there are 1,533,953 shares outstanding at June 30, 2002 versus 1,528,217 shares outstanding at December 31, 2001. |
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
2
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(dollars in millions except per share amounts)
Second Quarter | First Half | ||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||||||
Insurance premiums earned |
$ | 4,417 | $ | 5,382 | $ | 8,855 | $ | 9,108 | |||||||||
Sales and service revenues |
4,403 | 3,812 | 8,137 | 7,090 | |||||||||||||
Interest, dividend and other investment income |
683 | 680 | 1,371 | 1,358 | |||||||||||||
Income from MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company |
110 | 38 | 179 | 85 | |||||||||||||
Income from finance and financial products businesses |
248 | 84 | 412 | 255 | |||||||||||||
Realized investment gain |
25 | 660 | 187 | 902 | |||||||||||||
9,886 | 10,656 | 19,141 | 18,798 | ||||||||||||||
Cost and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses |
3,464 | 4,989 | 6,938 | 8,014 | |||||||||||||
Insurance underwriting expenses |
969 | 797 | 1,913 | 1,724 | |||||||||||||
Cost of products and services sold |
3,081 | 2,646 | 5,724 | 4,947 | |||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
776 | 756 | 1,534 | 1,486 | |||||||||||||
Goodwill amortization |
| 144 | | 286 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense |
49 | 57 | 95 | 117 | |||||||||||||
8,339 | 9,389 | 16,204 | 16,574 | ||||||||||||||
Earnings before income taxes and minority interest |
1,547 | 1,267 | 2,937 | 2,224 | |||||||||||||
Income taxes |
485 | 473 | 945 | 812 | |||||||||||||
Minority interest |
17 | 21 | 31 | 33 | |||||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 1,045 | $ | 773 | $ | 1,961 | $ | 1,379 | |||||||||
Average common shares outstanding * |
1,533,728 | 1,527,028 | 1,532,352 | 1,526,785 | |||||||||||||
Net earnings per common share * |
$ | 681 | $ | 506 | $ | 1,280 | $ | 903 | |||||||||
* | Average shares outstanding include average Class A Common shares and average Class B Common shares determined on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis. Net earnings per share shown above represents net earnings per equivalent Class A Common share. Net earnings per Class B Common share is equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of such amount. |
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
3
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
First Half | ||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||||
Net cash flows from operating activities |
$ | 6,746 | $ | 2,614 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||
Purchases of investments |
(8,146 | ) | (4,757 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments |
6,304 | 8,627 | ||||||||
Loans and investments originated in finance businesses |
(783 | ) | (1,548 | ) | ||||||
Principal collection on loans and investments
originated in finance businesses |
3,026 | 772 | ||||||||
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired |
(1,076 | ) | (3,720 | ) | ||||||
Other |
(396 | ) | (371 | ) | ||||||
Net cash flows from investing activities |
(1,071 | ) | (997 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings of finance businesses |
123 | 347 | ||||||||
Proceeds from other borrowings |
774 | 335 | ||||||||
Repayments of borrowings of finance businesses |
(3,025 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||
Repayments of other borrowings |
(392 | ) | (331 | ) | ||||||
Change in short term borrowings of finance businesses |
(1,004 | ) | 998 | |||||||
Changes in other short term borrowings |
55 | (338 | ) | |||||||
Other |
19 | (6 | ) | |||||||
Net cash flows from financing activities |
(3,450 | ) | 990 | |||||||
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |
2,225 | 2,607 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year * |
6,498 | 5,604 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of first half * |
$ | 8,723 | $ | 8,211 | ||||||
Supplemental cash flow information: |
||||||||||
Cash paid during the period for: |
||||||||||
Income taxes |
$ | 682 | $ | 863 | ||||||
Interest of finance and financial products businesses |
256 | 335 | ||||||||
Other interest |
103 | 119 | ||||||||
Non-cash investing activity: |
||||||||||
Liabilities assumed in connection with acquisitions of businesses |
444 | 2,639 | ||||||||
Common stock issued in connection with acquisition of business |
324 | | ||||||||
Contingent value of Exchange Notes recognized in earnings |
| 44 | ||||||||
Value of equity securities used to redeem Exchange Notes |
| 87 | ||||||||
* Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of the following: |
||||||||||
Beginning
of year |
||||||||||
Finance and financial products businesses |
$ | 1,185 | $ | 341 | ||||||
Other |
5,313 | 5,263 | ||||||||
$ | 6,498 | $ | 5,604 | |||||||
End of first half |
||||||||||
Finance and financial products businesses |
$ | 1,463 | $ | 1,068 | ||||||
Other |
7,260 | 7,143 | ||||||||
$ | 8,723 | $ | 8,211 | |||||||
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
4
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. General
The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (Berkshire or Company) consolidated with the accounts of all its subsidiaries. Reference is made to Berkshires most recently issued Annual Report that included information necessary or useful to understanding Berkshires businesses and financial statement presentations. In particular, Berkshires significant accounting policies and practices were presented as Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in that Report. Certain amounts in 2001 have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation.
Financial information in this Report reflects any adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of results for the interim periods in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
For a number of reasons, Berkshires results for interim periods are not normally indicative of results to be expected for the year. The timing and magnitude of catastrophe losses incurred by insurance subsidiaries and the estimation error inherent to the process of determining liabilities for unpaid losses of insurance subsidiaries can be relatively more significant to results of interim periods than to results for a full year. Realized investment gains/losses are recorded when investments are sold, other-than-temporarily impaired or in certain situations, as required by GAAP, when investments are marked-to-market. Variations in amount and timing of realized investment gains/losses can cause significant variations in periodic net earnings.
Note 2. Significant business acquisitions
During 2001, Berkshire completed four significant business acquisitions. In addition, Berkshire completed two significant acquisitions in the first half of 2002. Information concerning these acquisitions follows.
Shaw Industries,
Inc. (Shaw)
On January 8, 2001, Berkshire acquired approximately 87.3% of the common
stock of Shaw for $19 per share, or $2.1 billion in total. Robert E. Shaw,
Chairman and CEO of Shaw, Julian D. Saul, President of Shaw, certain family
members and related family interests of Messrs. Shaw and Saul, and certain
other Shaw directors and members of management acquired the remaining 12.7% of
Shaw. In January 2002, Berkshire acquired their shares in exchange for 4,505
shares of Berkshire Class A Common Stock and 7,063 shares of Class B Common
Stock. The aggregate value of Berkshire stock issued was approximately $324
million.
Shaw is the worlds largest manufacturer of tufted broadloom carpet and rugs for residential and commercial applications throughout the U.S. and exports to most markets worldwide. Shaw markets its residential and commercial products under a variety of brand names.
Johns Manville Corporation (Johns Manville)
On February 27, 2001, Berkshire acquired Johns Manville. Berkshire
purchased all of the outstanding shares of Johns Manville common stock for $13
per share, or $1.8 billion in total. Johns Manville is a leading manufacturer
of insulation and building products. Johns Manville manufactures and markets
products for building and equipment insulation, commercial and industrial
roofing systems, high-efficiency filtration media, and fibers and non-woven
mats used as reinforcements in building and industrial applications.
MiTek Inc. (MiTek)
On July 31, 2001, Berkshire acquired a 90% equity interest in MiTek from
Rexam PLC for approximately $400 million. Existing MiTek management acquired
the remaining 10% interest. MiTek, headquartered in Chesterfield, Missouri,
produces steel connector products, design engineering software and ancillary
services for the building components market.
XTRA Corporation (XTRA)
On September 20, 2001, Berkshire acquired XTRA through a cash tender offer
and subsequent statutory merger for all of the outstanding shares. Holders of
XTRA common stock received aggregate consideration of approximately $578
million. XTRA, headquartered in Westport, Connecticut, is a leading operating
lessor of transportation equipment, including over-the-road trailers, marine
containers and intermodal equipment.
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 2. Significant business acquisitions (Continued)
Albecca Inc. (Albecca)
Effective February 8, 2002, Berkshire acquired all of the outstanding
shares of Albecca for approximately $225 million in cash. Albecca designs,
manufactures and distributes a complete line of high-quality custom picture
framing products primarily under the Larson-Juhl name.
Fruit of the Loom (FOL)
Effective April 30, 2002, Berkshire acquired the basic apparel business of
Fruit of the Loom, LTD (FOL entities) at a cost of $730 million. Prior to
the acquisition, the FOL entities operated as debtors-in-possession pursuant to
its filing under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. On April 19, 2002,
the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware confirmed the FOL
reorganization plan, which provided for the sale of the basic apparel business
to Berkshire.
The FOL apparel business is a leading vertically integrated basic apparel company manufacturing and marketing underwear, activewear, casualwear and childrenswear. The FOL apparel business operates on a worldwide basis and sells its products principally in North America under the Fruit of the Loom and BVD brand names.
The results of operations for each of these entities are included in Berkshires consolidated results of operations from the effective date of each acquisition. The following table sets forth certain unaudited consolidated earnings data for the first half of 2001, as if each of the acquisitions discussed above were consummated on the same terms at the beginning of 2001. Pro forma results for the first half of 2002 were not materially different from reported results. Dollars are in millions except per share amount.
2001 | ||||
Total revenues |
$ | 20,040 | ||
Net earnings |
1,425 | |||
Earnings per equivalent Class A Common Share |
930 |
On July 2, 2002 Berkshire entered into an agreement to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Garan, Inc. common stock for $60 per share, or approximately $270 million in the aggregate. The transaction is expected to close in the third quarter of 2002. Garan is a leading manufacturer of childrens, womens, and mens apparel bearing the private labels of its customers as well as several of its own trademarks, including GARANIMALS.
Note 3. Investments in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
In March 2000, Berkshire invested approximately $1.24 billion in common stock and a non-dividend paying convertible preferred stock of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (MidAmerican). In March 2002, Berkshire acquired additional shares of the convertible preferred stock of MidAmerican for $402 million. Such investments represent a 9.7% voting interest and an 80.2% economic interest in MidAmerican on a diluted basis. Mr. Walter Scott, Jr., a member of Berkshires Board of Directors, controls approximately 86% of the voting interest in MidAmerican.
As of June 30, 2002, Berkshire and its subsidiaries also held $778 million of 11% non-transferable trust preferred securities of MidAmerican, of which $455 million were acquired in March 2000 and an additional $323 million were acquired in March 2002. On July 29, 2002, Berkshire agreed to invest an additional $950 million in MidAmerican, subject to the closing of MidAmericans acquisition of a natural gas pipeline system. The investments during 2002 were made in connection with MidAmericans acquisition of an interstate natural gas pipeline system and securities of an energy company.
Berkshires aggregate investments in MidAmerican are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Investments in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company. Berkshire is accounting for its investments in the common and non-dividend paying convertible preferred stock pursuant to the equity method. The carrying value of these equity method investments totaled $1,945 million at June 30, 2002 and $1,371 million at December 31, 2001. The 11% non-transferable trust preferred securities are classified as held-to-maturity, and are carried at cost.
The Consolidated Statements of Earnings reflect, as Income from MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, Berkshires proportionate share of MidAmericans net income with respect to the investments accounted for pursuant to the equity method, as well as interest earned on the 11% trust preferred securities. Income derived from equity method investments in the first half totaled $143 million in 2002 and $60 million in 2001.
MidAmerican is a global leader in the production of energy from diversified fuel sources including geothermal, natural gas, hydroelectric, nuclear and coal. MidAmerican also is a leader in the supply and distribution of energy in the U.S. consumer markets and in the distribution of energy in the U.K. consumer markets.
6
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 3. Investments in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (Continued)
Condensed consolidated balance sheets of MidAmerican are as follows. Amounts are in millions.
June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||
Assets: |
||||||||
Properties, plants, contracts and equipment, net |
$ | 7,496 | $ | 6,537 | ||||
Goodwill |
3,804 | 3,639 | ||||||
Other assets |
3,451 | 2,450 | ||||||
$ | 14,751 | $ | 12,626 | |||||
Liabilities and shareholders equity: |
||||||||
Term debt |
$ | 8,204 | $ | 7,163 | ||||
Redeemable preferred securities |
1,206 | 1,009 | ||||||
Other liabilities and minority interests |
3,021 | 2,746 | ||||||
12,431 | 10,918 | |||||||
Shareholders equity |
2,320 | 1,708 | ||||||
$ | 14,751 | $ | 12,626 | |||||
Condensed consolidated statements of earnings of MidAmerican for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 are as follows. Amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 1,283 | $ | 1,277 | $ | 2,391 | $ | 2,993 | ||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales and operating expenses |
842 | 970 | 1,569 | 2,345 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
131 | 132 | 257 | 273 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and minority interest |
179 | 124 | 340 | 242 | ||||||||||||
1,152 | 1,226 | 2,166 | 2,860 | |||||||||||||
Income before taxes |
$ | 131 | $ | 51 | $ | 225 | $ | 133 | ||||||||
Net income |
$ | 107 | $ | 31 | $ | 172 | $ | 74 | ||||||||
Note 4. Investments in securities with fixed maturities
Data with respect to investments in securities with fixed maturities (other than securities with fixed maturities held by finance and financial products businesses See Note 10) are shown in the tabulation below (in millions).
June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||
Available for sale, carried at fair value: |
||||||||
Amortized cost |
$ | 37,848 | $ | 36,093 | ||||
Gross unrealized gains |
924 | 900 | ||||||
Gross unrealized losses |
(341 | ) | (774 | ) | ||||
Estimated fair value |
$ | 38,431 | $ | 36,219 | ||||
Held to maturity, carried at amortized cost: |
||||||||
Amortized cost |
$ | 294 | $ | 290 | ||||
Gross unrealized gains |
94 | 94 | ||||||
Estimated fair value |
$ | 388 | $ | 384 | ||||
7
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 5. Investments in equity securities
Data with respect to investments in equity securities are shown in the tabulation below (in millions).
June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||
Total cost |
$ | 8,930 | $ | 8,543 | ||||
Gross unrealized gains |
22,764 | 20,275 | ||||||
Gross unrealized losses |
(451 | ) | (143 | ) | ||||
Total fair value |
$ | 31,243 | $ | 28,675 | ||||
Fair value: |
||||||||
American Express Company |
$ | 5,507 | $ | 5,410 | ||||
The Coca-Cola Company |
11,200 | 9,430 | ||||||
The Gillette Company |
3,252 | 3,206 | ||||||
Wells Fargo & Company |
2,666 | 2,315 | ||||||
Other equity securities |
8,618 | 8,314 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 31,243 | $ | 28,675 | ||||
Note 6. Deferred income tax liabilities
The tax effects of significant items comprising Berkshires net deferred tax liabilities as of June 30, 2002 and December 31, 2001 are as follows (in millions).
June 30, | December 31, | ||||||||
2002 | 2001 | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
|||||||||
Relating to unrealized appreciation of investments |
$ | 8,140 | $ | 7,078 | |||||
Deferred charges reinsurance assumed |
1,170 | 1,131 | |||||||
Investments |
355 | 382 | |||||||
Other |
1,637 | 1,552 | |||||||
11,302 | 10,143 | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
|||||||||
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses |
(832 | ) | (752 | ) | |||||
Unearned premiums |
(380 | ) | (294 | ) | |||||
Other |
(1,686 | ) | (1,804 | ) | |||||
(2,898 | ) | (2,850 | ) | ||||||
Net deferred tax liability |
$ | 8,404 | $ | 7,293 | |||||
Note 7. Common stock
The following table summarizes Berkshires common stock activity during the first half of 2002.
Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | |||||||
(1,650,000 shares authorized) | (55,000,000 shares authorized) | |||||||
Issued and Outstanding | Issued and Outstanding | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 |
1,323,410 | 6,144,222 | ||||||
Conversions of Class A Common Stock
to Class B Common Stock and other |
(8,266 | ) | 277,849 | |||||
Common stock issued in business acquisition |
4,505 | 7,063 | ||||||
Balance at June 30, 2002 |
1,319,649 | 6,429,134 | ||||||
Each share of Class A Common Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into thirty shares of Class B Common Stock. Class B Common Stock is not convertible into Class A Common Stock. Class B Common Stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis, there are 1,533,953 shares outstanding at June 30, 2002 and 1,528,217 shares outstanding at December 31, 2001.
Each Class A Common share is entitled to one vote per share. Each Class B Common share possesses the voting rights of one-two-hundredth (1/200) of the voting rights of a Class A share. Class A and Class B Common shares vote together as a single class.
8
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 8. Comprehensive income
Berkshires comprehensive income for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 is shown in the table below (in millions). Other comprehensive income consists of unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments associated with foreign-based business operations.
Second Quarter | First Half | ||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 1,045 | $ | 773 | $ | 1,961 | $ | 1,379 | |||||||||
Other comprehensive income: |
|||||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in unrealized appreciation of investments |
1,040 | (732 | ) | 3,038 | (6,780 | ) | |||||||||||
Applicable income taxes and minority interests |
(364 | ) | 268 | (1,067 | ) | 2,420 | |||||||||||
Other, principally foreign currency translation adjustments |
166 | 6 | 151 | (72 | ) | ||||||||||||
Applicable income taxes and minority interests |
(42 | ) | 15 | (41 | ) | 28 | |||||||||||
800 | (443 | ) | 2,081 | (4,404 | ) | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 1,845 | $ | 330 | $ | 4,042 | $ | (3,025 | ) | ||||||||
Note 9. Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt
On May 28, 2002, Berkshire sold 40,000 SQUARZ for net proceeds of $398 million. Each SQUARZ security consists of a $10,000 par amount senior note due in November 2007 together with a warrant, which expires in May 2007, to purchase 0.1116 shares of Class A common stock or 3.3480 shares of Class B common stock for $10,000. A warrant premium is payable to Berkshire at an annual rate of 3.75% and interest is payable to note holders at a rate of 3.00% per annum, producing a net negative spread to Berkshire of 0.75%.
Note 10. Finance and financial products businesses
Assets and liabilities of Berkshires finance and financial products businesses are summarized below (in millions).
June 30, | December 31, | ||||||||
2002 | 2001 | ||||||||
Assets |
|||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 1,463 | $ | 1,185 | |||||
Investments in securities with fixed maturities: |
|||||||||
Held-to-maturity, at cost |
1,523 | 1,813 | |||||||
Available-for-sale, at fair value |
18,797 | 21,061 | |||||||
Trading, at fair value |
527 | 2,252 | |||||||
Trading account assets |
5,565 | 5,561 | |||||||
Loans and other receivables * |
4,460 | 6,262 | |||||||
Other |
3,600 | 3,457 | |||||||
$ | 35,935 | $ | 41,591 | ||||||
Liabilities |
|||||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
$ | 14,121 | $ | 21,465 | |||||
Trading account liabilities |
5,716 | 4,803 | |||||||
Payable on security purchases |
4,219 | | |||||||
Notes payable and other borrowings * |
5,213 | 9,019 | |||||||
Other |
2,506 | 2,504 | |||||||
$ | 31,775 | $ | 37,791 | ||||||
* | Loans and other receivables include Berkadia LLCs loan to Finova Capital Corporation (FNV), which totaled $2.85 billion at June 30, 2002 and $4.9 billion at December 31, 2001. Berkadias outstanding bank borrowing totaled $2.85 billion at June 30, 2002. |
9
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 10. Finance and financial products businesses (Continued)
Income of Berkshires finance and financial products businesses for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 is shown below (in millions).
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||
Revenues |
||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 352 | $ | 329 | $ | 775 | $ | 573 | ||||||||
Realized and unrealized investment gain (loss) |
45 | (10 | ) | 49 | 39 | |||||||||||
Other |
105 | 20 | 162 | 95 | ||||||||||||
502 | 339 | 986 | 707 | |||||||||||||
Cost and expenses |
||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
126 | 197 | 274 | 346 | ||||||||||||
General administrative and other expenses |
128 | 58 | 300 | 106 | ||||||||||||
254 | 255 | 574 | 452 | |||||||||||||
Earnings before income taxes |
$ | 248 | $ | 84 | $ | 412 | $ | 255 | ||||||||
Note 11. Business Segment Data
A disaggregation of Berkshires consolidated data for the second quarter and first half of each of the two most recent years is as follows. Amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||
Revenues | 2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||
Operating Businesses: |
||||||||||||||||||
Insurance group: |
||||||||||||||||||
Premiums earned: |
||||||||||||||||||
GEICO |
$ | 1,640 | $ | 1,504 | $ | 3,202 | $ | 2,966 | ||||||||||
General Re |
2,081 | 2,092 | 4,051 | 4,090 | ||||||||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
530 | 1,671 | 1,285 | 1,831 | ||||||||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Insurance Group |
166 | 115 | 317 | 221 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income |
714 | 711 | 1,435 | 1,401 | ||||||||||||||
Total insurance group |
5,131 | 6,093 | 10,290 | 10,509 | ||||||||||||||
Building products |
1,004 | 916 | 1,854 | 1,382 | ||||||||||||||
Finance and financial products |
234 | 68 | 384 | 227 | ||||||||||||||
Flight services |
720 | 593 | 1,375 | 1,240 | ||||||||||||||
Retail |
484 | 456 | 952 | 893 | ||||||||||||||
Scott Fetzer |
242 | 231 | 461 | 477 | ||||||||||||||
Shaw Industries |
1,119 | 1,064 | 2,100 | 2,031 | ||||||||||||||
Other businesses |
947 | 595 | 1,579 | 1,161 | ||||||||||||||
9,881 | 10,016 | 18,995 | 17,920 | |||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: |
||||||||||||||||||
Realized investment gain |
25 | 660 | 187 | 902 | ||||||||||||||
Other revenues |
8 | 3 | 13 | 15 | ||||||||||||||
Purchase-accounting adjustments |
(28 | ) | (23 | ) | (54 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||||||||
$ | 9,886 | $ | 10,656 | $ | 19,141 | $ | 18,798 | |||||||||||
10
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Notes To Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 11. Business Segment Data (Continued)
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||
Operating
profit before taxes |
||||||||||||||||||
Operating
Businesses: |
||||||||||||||||||
Insurance group operating profit: |
||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting profit (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||
GEICO |
$ | 82 | $ | 21 | $ | 191 | $ | | ||||||||||
General Re |
(144 | ) | (369 | ) | (232 | ) | (502 | ) | ||||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
47 | (60 | ) | 39 | (138 | ) | ||||||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Insurance Group |
(1 | ) | 3 | 6 | 9 | |||||||||||||
Net investment income |
711 | 706 | 1,427 | 1,391 | ||||||||||||||
Total insurance group operating profit |
695 | 301 | 1,431 | 760 | ||||||||||||||
Building products |
170 | 140 | 284 | 192 | ||||||||||||||
Finance and financial products |
234 | 68 | 384 | 227 | ||||||||||||||
Flight services |
63 | 56 | 93 | 105 | ||||||||||||||
Retail |
31 | 33 | 61 | 59 | ||||||||||||||
Scott Fetzer |
34 | 31 | 62 | 61 | ||||||||||||||
Shaw Industries |
113 | 85 | 186 | 136 | ||||||||||||||
Other businesses |
210 | 85 | 337 | 174 | ||||||||||||||
1,550 | 799 | 2,838 | 1,714 | |||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: |
||||||||||||||||||
Realized investment gain |
19 | 648 | 170 | 861 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense * |
(19 | ) | (19 | ) | (42 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||||||||
Corporate and other |
7 | 6 | 11 | 15 | ||||||||||||||
Goodwill amortization and other purchase-accounting adjustments |
(10 | ) | (167 | ) | (40 | ) | (325 | ) | ||||||||||
$ | 1,547 | $ | 1,267 | $ | 2,937 | $ | 2,224 | |||||||||||
* | Amounts of interest expense represent interest on borrowings under investment agreements and other debt exclusive of that of finance businesses and interest allocated to certain businesses. |
Note 12. Goodwill amortization
Effective January 1, 2002, Berkshire adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS No. 142 changed the accounting for goodwill from a model that required amortization of goodwill, supplemented by impairment tests, to an accounting model that is based solely upon impairment tests. Thus, Berkshires Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the second quarter and first half of 2002 include no periodic amortization of goodwill.
SFAS No. 142 requires companies to make an initial assessment of goodwill for impairment for each of its reporting units within six months after adoption of the standard. Berkshire completed this initial assessment of goodwill during the second quarter of 2002 and no transitional impairment charges were required. Subsequently, goodwill must be reviewed for impairment at least annually, and impairments would be charged to operating earnings.
A reconciliation of Berkshires Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 from amounts reported to amounts exclusive of goodwill amortization is shown below. Goodwill amortization for the second quarter and first half of 2001 include $20 million and $40 million, respectively, related to Berkshires equity method investment in MidAmerican. Dollar amounts are in millions, except per share amounts.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||
Net income as reported |
$ | 1,045 | $ | 773 | $ | 1,961 | $ | 1,379 | ||||||||
Goodwill amortization, after tax |
| 162 | | 322 | ||||||||||||
Net income as adjusted |
$ | 1,045 | $ | 935 | $ | 1,961 | $ | 1,701 | ||||||||
Earnings per equivalent share of Class A Common Stock: |
||||||||||||||||
As reported |
$ | 681 | $ | 506 | $ | 1,280 | $ | 903 | ||||||||
Goodwill amortization |
| 106 | | 211 | ||||||||||||
Earnings per share as adjusted |
$ | 681 | $ | 612 | $ | 1,280 | $ | 1,114 | ||||||||
11
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of Operations
Net earnings for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 are disaggregated in the table that follows. Amounts are after deducting minority interests and income taxes. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | ||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||
Insurance underwriting |
$ | (12 | ) | $ | (274 | ) | $ | 1 | $ | (419 | ) | ||||||
Insurance investment income |
489 | 487 | 978 | 962 | |||||||||||||
Non-insurance businesses |
556 | 307 | 903 | 597 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(10 | ) | (12 | ) | (25 | ) | (28 | ) | |||||||||
Purchase-accounting adjustments |
3 | (157 | ) | (16 | ) | (307 | ) | ||||||||||
Other |
6 | 2 | 9 | 10 | |||||||||||||
Earnings before realized investment gain |
1,032 | 353 | 1,850 | 815 | |||||||||||||
Realized investment gain |
13 | 420 | 111 | 564 | |||||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 1,045 | $ | 773 | $ | 1,961 | $ | 1,379 | |||||||||
Insurance Underwriting
A summary follows of underwriting results from Berkshires insurance businesses for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | ||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||
Underwriting gain (loss) attributable to: |
|||||||||||||||||
GEICO |
$ | 82 | $ | 21 | $ | 191 | $ | | |||||||||
General Re |
(144 | ) | (369 | ) | (232 | ) | (502 | ) | |||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
47 | (60 | ) | 39 | (138 | ) | |||||||||||
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Insurance Group |
(1 | ) | 3 | 6 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Pre-tax underwriting gain (loss) |
(16 | ) | (405 | ) | 4 | (631 | ) | ||||||||||
Income taxes and minority interest |
(4 | ) | (131 | ) | 3 | (212 | ) | ||||||||||
Net underwriting gain (loss) |
$ | (12 | ) | $ | (274 | ) | $ | 1 | $ | (419 | ) | ||||||
Berkshire engages in both primary insurance and reinsurance of property and casualty risks. Through General Re, Berkshire also reinsures life and health risks. In primary insurance activities, Berkshire subsidiaries assume defined portions of the risks of loss from persons or organizations that are directly subject to the risks. In reinsurance activities, Berkshire subsidiaries assume defined portions of similar or dissimilar risks that other insurers or reinsurers have subjected themselves to in their own insuring activities. Berkshires principal insurance businesses are: (1) GEICO, the sixth largest auto insurer in the United States, (2) General Re, one of the four largest reinsurers in the world, (3) Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (BHRG) and (4) Berkshire Hathaway Primary Insurance Group. The significant improvement in pre-tax underwriting results in the 2002 periods was attributable to higher rates in many lines of insurance and to the absence of significant catastrophe and large property losses.
GEICO
GEICO Corporation through its affiliates (GEICO) provides private passenger auto insurance to customers in 48 states and the District of Columbia. GEICO policies are marketed mainly through direct response methods, in which insureds apply directly to the company for insurance coverage over the telephone, through the mail or via the Internet. This is a significant element in GEICOs strategy to be a low cost insurer and, yet, provide high value to policyholders.
GEICOs pre-tax underwriting results for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 are summarized in the table below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums earned |
$ | 1,640 | 100.0 | $ | 1,504 | 100.0 | $ | 3,202 | 100.0 | $ | 2,966 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses |
1,306 | 79.6 | 1,238 | 82.3 | 2,482 | 77.5 | 2,474 | 83.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting expenses |
252 | 15.4 | 245 | 16.3 | 529 | 16.5 | 492 | 16.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total losses and expenses |
1,558 | 95.0 | 1,483 | 98.6 | 3,011 | 94.0 | 2,966 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net underwriting gain |
$ | 82 | $ | 21 | $ | 191 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
12
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Insurance Underwriting (Continued)
GEICO (Continued)
Premiums earned in the second quarter of 2002 were $1,640 million, an increase of 9.0% from $1,504 million in 2001. For the first half of 2002, premiums earned were $3,202 million, an increase of 8.0% from $2,966 million in 2001. The growth in premiums earned for voluntary auto was 7.5% and reflects increased rates and a 4.3% increase in policies-in-force during the past year.
Policies-in-force over the last twelve months increased 4.2% in the preferred risk auto market and 4.6% in the standard and nonstandard auto lines. Voluntary auto new business sales in the first half of 2002 increased 21.7% compared to 2001. The sales closure ratio and the policy retention rate both improved during the first six months of 2002, which management believes was aided by recent premium rate increases taken by competitors. Voluntary auto policies-in-force increased by 200,467 during the first half of 2002 with growth in both the standard and nonstandard lines.
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred increased 5.5% to $1,306 million in the second quarter of 2002. For the first half of 2002 losses and loss expenses incurred were relatively unchanged from 2001. The loss ratio for property and casualty insurance, which measures the portion of premiums earned that is paid or reserved for losses and related claims handling expenses, was 77.5% for the first six months of 2002 compared to 83.4% in 2001. The improvement reflects the effect of premium rate increases taken in 2000 and 2001 and relatively unchanged losses. Claim frequency decreased in 2002 for most coverages, reflecting mild winter weather during the first quarter. Claim severity continued to increase in 2002, but at a slower rate than in 2001. Losses incurred from catastrophe events for the first half of 2002 totaled approximately $13 million versus $40 million during the comparable 2001 period.
GEICO is a defendant in several class action lawsuits related to the use of collision repair parts not produced by the original auto manufacturers, the calculation of total loss value and whether to pay diminished value as part of the settlement of certain claims. Management intends to vigorously defend the corporations position on these claim settlement procedures. However, these lawsuits are in various stages of development and the ultimate outcome cannot be reasonably determined at this time.
Underwriting expenses for the second quarter of 2002 increased $7 million (2.9%) from the second quarter of 2001. For the first six months of 2002, underwriting expenses increased $37 million (7.5%) from the expenses for the comparable period in 2001. The increase in underwriting expense was principally due to higher profit sharing accruals, partially offset by a decline in advertising expense.
General Re
General Re conducts a global reinsurance business, which provides reinsurance coverage in the United States and 135 other countries around the world. General Res principal reinsurance operations are: (1) North American property/casualty, (2) international property/casualty, which is comprised of direct reinsurance business and broker-market business, and (3) global life/health. The direct international property/casualty and global life/health reinsurance operations are conducted primarily through Germany-based Cologne Re. Broker-market business is conducted through the U.K.-based Faraday operations. At June 30, 2002, General Re held an 89% economic ownership interest in Cologne Re.
General Res consolidated underwriting results for the second quarter and first half of 2002 improved over comparable 2001 periods. Results continued to improve in the North American property/casualty, international property/casualty direct reinsurance, broker-market and global life/health reinsurance businesses. Although the improvement in first half results is encouraging, General Res management believes that additional premium rate increases and more favorable coverage terms are needed in certain lines to achieve targeted long-term underwriting profitability. General Res estimate of net losses of $1.9 billion arising from the September 11th terrorist attack was relatively unchanged during the first half of 2002. Information with respect to each of General Res underwriting units is presented below.
North American property/casualty
General Res North American property/casualty pre-tax underwriting results for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 are shown below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums earned |
$ | 962 | 100.0 | $ | 1,093 | 100.0 | $ | 1,937 | 100.0 | $ | 1,998 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses |
829 | 86.2 | 1,178 | 107.8 | 1,569 | 81.0 | 1,866 | 93.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting expenses |
255 | 26.5 | 212 | 19.4 | 522 | 26.9 | 484 | 24.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total losses and expenses |
1,084 | 112.7 | 1,390 | 127.2 | 2,091 | 107.9 | 2,350 | 117.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net underwriting loss |
$ | (122 | ) | $ | (297 | ) | $ | (154 | ) | $ | (352 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
13
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
General Re (Continued)
North American property/casualty (Continued)
North American property/casualty operations underwrite predominantly excess reinsurance and insurance across multiple lines of business. Reinsurance contracts are written on both a treaty (groups of risks) and facultative (individual risk) basis. Second quarter and first half 2002 North American property/casualty earned premiums decreased $131 million (12.0%) and $61 million (3.1%), respectively, from the comparable 2001 periods. Premiums earned in 2001 included approximately $275 million from a retroactive reinsurance contract assumed in the second quarter. There were no similar large contracts affecting earned premiums in 2002. Otherwise, earned premiums increased $144 million (17.6%) and $214 million (12.4%) during the second quarter and first half of 2002, respectively. The growth in earned premiums was primarily due to rate increases partially offset by non-renewal of unprofitable business.
Underwriting results for the second quarter and first half of 2002 in the North American property/casualty operations, while improved over the comparable 2001 periods, included increases to unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense estimates on prior years loss events. For the first half of 2002 and primarily in the second quarter, prior-year liabilities increased by $188 million. The adjustment to losses arose primarily in casualty business written from 1997 through 2000. Reserve increases for prior years claims during the first half of 2001 increased net underwriting losses by approximately $134 million. Every quarter General Re utilizes new information available to reevaluate and adjust, if necessary, previously established loss reserves. However, the estimation of ultimate losses with respect to claims which may take years to settle is prone to a high degree of estimation error. In addition, underwriting losses for the first half of 2002 included approximately $48 million of accretion on discounted workers compensation reserves and amortization of deferred charges on retroactive reinsurance contracts written in prior years. For the first six months of 2001, such charges were approximately $37 million.
Partially offsetting underwriting losses related to prior years were improved current accident year results, which produced $82 million of underwriting gains in the first half of 2002. The combined effects of (1) an unusually low level of property losses, and (2) the favorable effects of repricing and improved policy terms and conditions implemented over the past two years allowed current accident year underwriting results to return to an underwriting profit. However, a very high degree of estimation is involved in establishing loss reserves for 2002 occurrences given the long-tail nature of the casualty business. For the first half of 2002, no large losses arising from catastrophes and other large individual property losses ($20 million or greater) affected underwriting results, a condition that was unusually favorable, and therefore results were better than anticipated. For the second quarter and first half of 2001, large losses totaled $96 million, arising from catastrophes (Tropical Storm Allison) and other large individual property losses. Property business is expected to continue to produce volatile results from period to period, depending on the timing and magnitude of major loss events.
International property/casualty
General Res international property/casualty pre-tax underwriting results for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 are shown below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums earned |
$ | 629 | 100.0 | $ | 522 | 100.0 | $ | 1,179 | 100.0 | $ | 1,110 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses |
483 | 76.8 | 439 | 84.1 | 918 | 77.9 | 882 | 79.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting expenses |
175 | 27.8 | 160 | 30.7 | 335 | 28.4 | 350 | 31.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total losses and expenses |
658 | 104.6 | 599 | 114.8 | 1,253 | 106.3 | 1,232 | 111.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net underwriting loss |
$ | (29 | ) | $ | (77 | ) | $ | (74 | ) | $ | (122 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
The international property/casualty operations write quota-share and excess reinsurance on risks around the world. In recent years, the largest international markets have been in Germany and other parts of Western Europe. For the second quarter and first half of 2002, international property/casualty earned premiums increased $107 million (20.5%) and $69 million (6.2%) from the comparable 2001 levels. Adjusting for the effect of foreign exchange, earned premiums increased 18.5% during the second quarter and 8.0% for the first half of 2002. The increase in earned premiums was primarily attributable to General Res greater participation in Lloyds Syndicate 435, reduced ceded premiums, rate increases in general and growth in the U.K. casualty treaty and property facultative businesses. General Res share of the premiums, claims and expenses of Lloyds Syndicate 435 is 96.7% in 2002 compared to 60.6% in 2001. Partially offsetting these increases were decreased premiums in Latin America, primarily in Argentina and the cancellation and non-renewal of certain direct reinsurance business in Europe and Asia.
14
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
General Re (Continued)
International property/casualty (Continued)
Underwriting losses in the international property/casualty operations for the second quarter and first half of 2002 improved over the comparable 2001 periods, primarily in the broker-market operations. The broker-market operations produced net underwriting losses of $1 million and $4 million during the second quarter and first half of 2002, respectively, compared with underwriting losses of $33 million and $68 million in the comparable 2001 periods. Results for the first half of 2002 benefited from lower-than-expected property loss activity and improvements in overall market conditions. Broker-market results for the first half of 2001 reflect several large property losses, including claims from the sinking of an oil rig off South America, Tropical Storm Allison and an earthquake in Seattle.
The direct property/casualty reinsurance operations incurred a net underwriting loss of $28 million in the second quarter and $70 million in the first half of 2002, compared with underwriting losses of $44 million and $54 million in the respective 2001 periods. The direct property/casualty reinsurance results in 2002 include $43 million of underwriting losses from the international credit and surety bond business, which has been placed in run-off and one large property loss ($29 million) in the United Kingdom during the first quarter of 2002.
General Re conducts a portion of its reinsurance business in Argentina, a country that is currently in the midst of an economic and political crisis. Since the beginning of 2002, the Argentine peso has been significantly devalued relative to the U.S. dollar. It remains uncertain as to what effect this and other actions that may be taken will have on the international property/casualty business. In response to this uncertainty, General Re has significantly reduced the volume of business being written in Argentina.
Global life/health
General Res global life/health pre-tax underwriting results for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 are shown below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums earned |
$ | 490 | 100.0 | $ | 477 | 100.0 | $ | 935 | 100.0 | $ | 982 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Losses and loss expenses |
371 | 75.7 | 367 | 77.0 | 719 | 76.9 | 793 | 80.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting expenses |
112 | 22.9 | 105 | 22.0 | 220 | 23.5 | 217 | 22.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total losses and expenses |
483 | 98.6 | 472 | 99.0 | 939 | 100.4 | 1,010 | 102.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net underwriting gain (loss) |
$ | 7 | $ | 5 | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (28 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
General Res global life/health affiliates reinsure such risks worldwide. Earned premiums worldwide for these operations increased $13 million (2.7%) in the second quarter and decreased $47 million (4.8%) year-to-date from the comparable 2001 periods. For the second quarter and first half of 2002, earned premiums in the U.S. life/health business increased $23 million (7.8%) and $5 million (0.8%), respectively, over the same periods in 2001. Growth in U.S. second quarter 2002 premiums arose principally from additional premiums arising from operations in run-off. International life/health earned premiums decreased $10 million (5.1%) during the second quarter and $52 million (13.0%) in the first half of 2002 when compared to the same periods in 2001. Adjusting for the effect of foreign exchange, earned premiums decreased 7.7% and 12.2% for the second quarter and first half of 2002. The decrease was primarily due to a 2002 change in reporting for modified coinsurance business. This change had a minimal impact on net underwriting results but reduced premiums earned and losses and expenses by corresponding amounts.
For the second quarter and first half of 2002, the U.S. life/health operations produced an underwriting loss of $5 million and $16 million, respectively, compared with a loss of $1 million and $25 million in the same periods of 2001. The improvement in first half results was primarily due to lower losses in the individual health operations and decreased mortality in the life business. Partially offsetting this improvement were increases in reserves for run-off business and underwriting losses in the group health business.
International life/health results for the second quarter and first half of 2002 produced underwriting gains of $12 million. Results for 2001 consisted of an underwriting gain of $6 million in the second quarter and a first half underwriting loss of $3 million. The improvement in the international life/health business was primarily due to favorable settlements in life business in Asia. International health results for the first half of 2002 were relatively unchanged compared to the same 2001 period.
15
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
The Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group (BHRG) underwrites principally excess-of-loss reinsurance coverages for insurers and reinsurers around the world. BHRG is believed to be one of the leaders in providing catastrophe excess-of-loss reinsurance. Since July 2001, BHRG has also written a number of policies for large or otherwise unusual individual commercial risks (including aircraft, terrorism and multi-peril), referred to as special risk business. BHRG also generates significant premium volume from a few very sizable retroactive reinsurance contracts.
In the aggregate, BHRG generated earned premiums for the second quarter of $530 million in 2002 and $1,671 million in 2001. For the first half, premiums earned were $1,285 million in 2002 and $1,831 million in 2001. In 2002, BHRG produced a net underwriting gain of $47 million for the second quarter and $39 million for the first half. In 2001, underwriting losses totaled $60 million for the second quarter and $138 million for the first half.
Premiums earned under catastrophe reinsurance and special risk insurance for the second quarter totaled $260 million in 2002 and $71 million in 2001. For the first half premiums earned from these businesses were $482 million in 2002 and $130 million in 2001. The volume of business written in 2002 has increased substantially over the prior year, particularly in the special risk markets, reflecting an increase in opportunities to write these coverages at rates considered adequate by BHRG management.
The catastrophe reinsurance and special risk operations generated second quarter net underwriting gains of $198 million in 2002 and $70 million in 2001. For the first half, net underwriting gains were $355 million in 2002 and $121 million in 2001. The underwriting results in each period reflect relatively minor amounts of catastrophe losses and other large individual property losses. However, substantial risk of loss remains for the catastrophe and special risk businesses as of June 30, 2002. A substantial portion of this risk is in property lines. Consequently, the timing and magnitude of catastrophe or other large individual property losses may produce extremely volatile periodic underwriting results over the next twelve months. For instance, had a truly significant loss event occurred during the first half of 2002 under one of several particularly large policies, the underwriting gains previously discussed would have been eliminated.
Premiums earned from retroactive reinsurance policies for the first half were $399 million in 2002 and $1,566 million in 2001. In 2002, substantially all of the amounts earned were in the first quarter whereas in 2001 substantially all premiums were from two policies written in the second quarter. Underwriting losses attributed to retroactive reinsurance policies for the second quarter totaled $112 million in 2002 and $104 million in 2001. For the first half, retroactive policies produced underwriting losses of $232 million in 2002 and $202 million in 2001. The underwriting losses result from the amortization of deferred charges that are established at the inception of retroactive reinsurance contracts. The deferred charges, which represent the difference between the policy premium and the ultimate estimated claim reserves, are subsequently amortized over the estimated claim payment period using the interest method.
The amortization charges are recorded as losses incurred and therefore, produce underwriting losses. The increase in amortization charges in 2002 over 2001 periods relates to the significant amount of new business written in recent years. Unamortized deferred charges at June 30, 2002 totaled approximately $3.2 billion. Deferred charge amortization is expected to produce large underwriting losses over the remainder of 2002 and for the next several years. BHRG believes that these charges will be reasonable relative to the large amounts of float generated from these policies. Income generated from the investment of float is reflected in net investment income.
Other reinsurance activities generated second quarter earned premiums of $270 million in 2002 and $44 million in 2001. For the first six months, premiums earned were $404 million in 2002 and $135 million in 2001. Premiums earned in 2002 periods included amounts earned from several new quota-share contracts with a number of Lloyds syndicates and a large quota-share contract with a major U.S. insurer. Other reinsurance activities produced net underwriting losses for the second quarter of $39 million in 2002 and $26 million in 2001. For the first six months, underwriting losses totaled $84 million in 2002 and $57 million in 2001.
Berkshire Hathaway Primary Insurance
Berkshires other primary insurers consist of several businesses, including the National Indemnity (NICO) Primary group, U.S. Investment Corporation (USIC), the Homestate group, Central States Indemnity and Kansas Bankers Surety. Collectively, premiums earned by this group of $166 million and $317 million in the second quarter and first half of 2002, respectively, exceeded the corresponding prior year amounts by $51 million (44.3%) and $96 million (43.4%), respectively. The increases in premiums were principally attributed to increased volume by the NICO Primary group, USIC and the Homestate group. For the first six months, Berkshires other primary insurers produced underwriting gains of $6 million in 2002 and $9 million in 2001.
16
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Insurance Investment Income
After-tax net investment income produced by Berkshires insurance and reinsurance businesses for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 is summarized in the table below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||
Net investment income before income taxes and minority interests |
$ | 711 | $ | 706 | $ | 1,427 | $ | 1,391 | ||||||||
Income taxes and minority interests |
222 | 219 | 449 | 429 | ||||||||||||
Net investment income |
$ | 489 | $ | 487 | $ | 978 | $ | 962 | ||||||||
Pre-tax net investment income earned by Berkshires insurance businesses for the second quarter of 2002 was essentially unchanged from the second quarter of 2001. Investment income for the first six months of 2002 increased $36 million (2.6%) over the corresponding period in 2001. The increase in investment income in 2002 reflects an increase in invested assets, partially offset by the effects of lower interest rates. Invested assets held by the insurance businesses totaled $78.0 billion at June 30, 2002.
Invested assets derive from shareholder capital as well as policyholder float. Float is an approximation of the net amount of liabilities due to policyholders that are temporarily available for investment. Float represents the sum of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, unearned premiums and other policyholder liabilities less the aggregate of premiums and reinsurance balances receivable, deferred policy acquisition costs, and deferred charges on retroactive reinsurance contracts. Consolidated float at June 30, 2002 was approximately $38.5 billion, compared to $35.5 billion at December 31, 2001 and $30.8 billion at June 30, 2001.
The large increase in float over the past year principally derives from retroactive reinsurance written over the past year by BHRG, and from exceptionally high levels of losses incurred by the reinsurance operations during the second half of 2001. Consequently, the cost of float, as measured by the ratio of net pre-tax underwriting losses to average float was very high for the year ending December 31, 2001 at 12.8%. During the first half of 2002, the cost of float was approximately zero, as Berkshires consolidated insurance and reinsurance businesses produced a pre-tax underwriting gain of approximately $4 million. Absent a major catastrophe or a significant increase in reserves established for prior years loss events, the cost of float is expected to remain very low, if not negative, over the remainder of 2002.
Non-Insurance Businesses
Results of operations of Berkshires diverse non-insurance businesses for the second quarter and first half of 2002 and 2001 are summarized in the following table. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 4,750 | 100.0 | $ | 3,923 | 100.0 | $ | 8,705 | 100.0 | $ | 7,411 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Costs and expenses |
3,895 | 82.0 | 3,425 | 87.3 | 7,298 | 83.8 | 6,457 | 87.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings before income taxes/minority
interest |
855 | 18.0 | 498 | 12.7 | 1,407 | 16.2 | 954 | 12.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Applicable income taxes/minority interest |
299 | 6.3 | 191 | 4.9 | 504 | 5.8 | 357 | 4.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 556 | 11.7 | $ | 307 | 7.8 | $ | 903 | 10.4 | $ | 597 | 8.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
A comparison of revenues and pre-tax income for the non-insurance business segments follows. Dollar amounts are in millions.
Revenues | Pre-tax Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Second Quarter | First Half | Second Quarter | First Half | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Building products |
$ | 1,004 | $ | 916 | $ | 1,854 | $ | 1,382 | $ | 170 | $ | 140 | $ | 284 | $ | 192 | ||||||||||||||||
Finance and financial products |
234 | 68 | 384 | 227 | 234 | 68 | 384 | 227 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flight services |
720 | 593 | 1,375 | 1,240 | 63 | 56 | 93 | 105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retail |
484 | 456 | 952 | 893 | 31 | 33 | 61 | 59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scott Fetzer |
242 | 231 | 461 | 477 | 34 | 31 | 62 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shaw Industries |
1,119 | 1,064 | 2,100 | 2,031 | 113 | 85 | 186 | 136 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other businesses |
947 | 595 | 1,579 | 1,161 | 210 | 85 | 337 | 174 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | 4,750 | $ | 3,923 | $ | 8,705 | $ | 7,411 | $ | 855 | $ | 498 | $ | 1,407 | $ | 954 | |||||||||||||||||
17
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Non-Insurance Businesses (Continued)
The building products group includes Johns Manville, Benjamin Moore, Acme Building Brands, and MiTek Inc. The comparative increases in revenues and pre-tax income of this group in 2002 versus 2001 are principally due to the inclusion of MiTek Inc., acquired July 31, 2001 and Johns Manville, acquired February 27, 2001. In addition, revenues and pre-tax income of Acme Building Brands increased in the first half of 2002 as compared to 2001 due to increased shipments of block and brick products. Pre-tax income of Benjamin Moore improved in the 2002 periods due to higher sales volume, favorable raw materials prices and lower manufacturing costs. Berkshires building products businesses continue to benefit from mild weather conditions and favorable economic conditions in the residential construction markets, including low interest rates.
Pre-tax income results of the finance and financial products businesses in 2002 included significant increases over the prior year periods at BH Finance and from Berkshires interests in Berkadia LLC. BH Finance primarily invests in fixed income instruments on a substantially leveraged basis under a small number of proprietary investing strategies. Such strategies are subject to market conditions which have been unusually favorable in 2002. This condition is expected to remain throughout the balance of 2002, but at some point profit opportunities from these strategies will diminish. Income derived from Berkadias earnings are entirely dependent on its loan to FINOVA, which has a fixed term and declining amount. Thus, the levels of investments and earnings from these activities may decline significantly in the future. Nevertheless, these activities are expected to remain very profitable over the remainder of 2002.
Somewhat offsetting the profits discussed above were operating losses in 2002 from General Re Securities (GRS). During the first quarter of 2002, General Re announced that the operations of GRS would be run-off in an orderly manner. GRS generated a pre-tax loss of $20 million for the second quarter and $109 million in the first half of 2002, which includes a charge of $34 million for employee severance and other run-off related costs. During 2002, GRS also incurred trading losses in restructuring certain positions in connection with the run-off, with the objective of reducing the number of trading positions and related risks. Additional losses may be incurred in future periods as additional restructuring transactions take place. GRS produced small operating losses in the comparable 2001 periods.
The comparative increases in flight services revenues reflects growth in NetJets (formerly ExecutiveJet) aircraft sales and related management fees. Partially offsetting the revenue increase at NetJets was a slight decline in training revenues at FlightSafety and a larger decline in simulator sales, which comprises a relatively small part of FlightSafetys business. Second quarter pre-tax earnings improved at FlightSafety due to cost savings initiatives in the government and corporate aviation business markets. NetJets posted a small net operating gain for the second quarter of 2002 and a net loss for the first half. Berkshires flight services operations have been negatively affected by the September 11th terrorist activity and the slowing U.S. economy.
The comparative increases in retail revenues in 2002 are largely due to increases at the Nebraska Furniture Mart and R.C. Willey. In 2002, comparatively higher earnings at R.C. Willey and Jordans were offset by decreased earnings from the jewelry businesses. In addition, results for the second quarter of 2002 include development expenses incurred by the Nebraska Furniture Mart in connection with a new store in the Kansas City area that is expected to open in 2003.
Shaw continues to achieve volume-driven sales growth, most notably in residential carpet and hard surface product lines. Sales of commercial flooring products continue to lag, however, as a result of lower capital spending by commercial customers. Pre-tax income growth in 2002 reflects the increased revenue, coupled with comparatively lower material costs and increased plant-operating levels. In January 2002, Berkshire acquired the remaining shares of Shaw that were previously held by a group of investors that included Robert Shaw, CEO of Shaw, Julian Saul, President of Shaw, and other managers and former directors of Shaw.
Berkshires other non-insurance businesses consist of the results of several smaller businesses, as well as income from investments in MidAmerican. Income from MidAmerican consists of Berkshires share of MidAmericans net income plus income earned from investments in the 11% trust preferred securities. For the second quarter and first half of 2002, income from MidAmerican totaled $110 million and $179 million, respectively. In 2001, second quarter and first half earnings attributed to MidAmerican were $38 million and $85 million, respectively. The increase in income from MidAmerican in 2002 was primarily due to one time gains recorded in the second quarter by MidAmerican, the elimination of goodwill amortization effective January 1, 2002 and Berkshires additional investments during 2002. See Note 3 to the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding these investments. Otherwise, the increase in earnings of other businesses in 2002 was primarily attributed to newly-acquired businesses, Albecca Inc. on February 8, 2002 and Fruit of the Loom, effective April 30, 2002.
18
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Purchase-accounting adjustments
Purchase-accounting adjustments reflect the after-tax effect on net earnings with respect to the amortization of fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities recorded at various business acquisition dates. Prior to 2002, this amount also included the systematic amortization of goodwill.
Effective January 1, 2002, Berkshire ceased amortizing goodwill of previously acquired businesses in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. See Note 12 for additional information related to this new accounting standard. Purchase-accounting adjustments for the second quarter and first half of 2001 included $142 million and $282 million, respectively, of after-tax goodwill amortization. These amounts do not include Berkshires share of goodwill amortization of $20 million and $40 million, respectively, related to its equity method investment in MidAmerican.
Other purchase-accounting adjustments consist primarily of the amortization of the excess of market value over historical cost of fixed maturity investments held by certain businesses at their acquisition dates, primarily at General Re. Berkshire includes such excess in the cost of the investments and subsequently amortizes it over the estimated remaining lives of the investments. The unamortized excess remaining in the cost of fixed maturity investments approximated $500 million as of June 30, 2002.
Realized Investment Gain/Loss
Realized investment gain/loss has been a recurring element in Berkshires net earnings for many years. Such amounts recorded when investments (1) are sold; (2) other-than-temporarily impaired; and (3) marked-to-market with a corresponding gain or loss included in earnings may fluctuate significantly from period to period, resulting in a meaningful effect on reported net earnings. The Consolidated Statements of Earnings include after-tax realized investment gains of $13 million and $420 million for the second quarter of 2002 and 2001, respectively. For the first six months, after-tax realized investment gains totaled $111 million in 2002 and $564 million in 2001.
Financial Condition
Berkshires balance sheet continues to reflect significant liquidity and a strong capital base. Consolidated shareholders equity at June 30, 2002 totaled $62.4 billion. Consolidated cash and invested assets, excluding assets of finance and financial products businesses, totaled approximately $79.4 billion at June 30, 2002 and $72.5 billion at December 31, 2001. During the first half of 2002, Berkshire deployed about $1.8 billion in internally generated cash for business acquisitions, including $725 million of additional investments in MidAmerican Energy. Subsequent to June 30, 2002, Berkshire committed to invest an additional $950 million in MidAmerican, subject to the closing of MidAmericans acquisition of a natural gas pipeline system.
Berkshires consolidated borrowings under investment agreements and other debt, excluding borrowings of finance businesses, totaled $4,091 million at June 30, 2002 and $3,485 million at December 31, 2001. The increase in borrowings during the first half of 2002 relates to pre-acquisition debt of Albecca Inc., which was acquired in February 2002, and Berkshires issuance of the SQUARZ securities in May 2002. Albeccas outstanding borrowings at June 30, 2002 primarily consist of $135 million 10.75% senior subordinated notes, due August 2008. The notes are redeemable beginning in August 2003 and it is Berkshires intention to redeem the notes at that time. The SQUARZ securities consist of $400 million par amount of senior notes due in November 2007 together with warrants to purchase Berkshire Class A or Class B Common Stock, which expire in May 2007. Warrant premium is payable to Berkshire at an annual rate of 3.75% and interest is payable to note holders at a rate of 3.00%, producing a net negative spread to Berkshire of 0.75%.
During the second quarter of 2001, Berkshire filed a shelf registration to issue up to $700 million in new debt securities at a future date. The intended purpose of the future issuance of debt is to fund the repayment of currently outstanding borrowings of certain Berkshire subsidiaries. The timing and amount of the debt to be issued under the shelf registration has not yet been determined.
Berkshire is contingently liable for the borrowings of Berkadia LLC through a primary guaranty of 90% of its debt and a secondary guaranty of the remaining 10% of Berkadias borrowings through Fleet Bank. At June 30, 2002, Berkadias unpaid loan balance was $2.85 billion.
Assets of the finance and financial products businesses totaled $35.9 billion at June 30, 2002 and $41.6 billion at December 31, 2001. The overall decline reflects a decline in assets of GRS, which commenced running-off its operations earlier in 2002, lower investments at BH Finance LLC and $2.05 billion in repayments of Berkadias loan receivable from FINOVA.
19
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Financial Condition (Continued)
Notes payable and other borrowings of Berkshires finance and financial products businesses totaled $5.2 billion at June 30, 2002 and $9.0 billion at December 31, 2001. These balances include Berkadias outstanding term loan of $2.85 billion at June 30, 2002 and $4.9 billion at December 31, 2001. The remaining decrease in finance business borrowings relates to decreases in notes payable and commercial paper borrowings by GRS.
Berkshire believes that it currently maintains sufficient liquidity to cover its existing liquidity requirements and provide for contingent liquidity needs.
Critical accounting policies
In applying certain accounting policies, Berkshires management is required to make estimates and judgments regarding transactions that have occurred and ultimately will be settled several years in the future. Amounts recognized in the financial statements from such estimates are necessarily based on assumptions about numerous factors involving varying, and possibly significant, degrees of judgment and uncertainty. Accordingly, the amounts currently recorded in the financial statements may prove, with the benefit of hindsight, to be inaccurate. The balance sheet items most significantly affected by these estimates are property and casualty insurance and reinsurance related liabilities, valuation of invested assets where no market quotations are available and reviewing for goodwill impairments.
Berkshire accrues liabilities for unpaid losses under property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts based upon estimates of the ultimate amounts payable under the contracts related to losses occurring on or before the balance sheet date. As of any balance sheet date, all claims have not yet been reported and some claims may not be reported for many years. As a result, the liability for unpaid losses includes significant estimates for incurred-but-not-reported claims. Additionally, reported claims are in various stages of the settlement process. Each claim is settled individually based upon its merits and certain liability or workers compensation claims may take years to settle, especially if legal action is involved.
Berkshire uses a variety of techniques to establish the liabilities for unpaid claims recorded at the balance sheet date. While techniques may vary, each employs significant judgments and assumptions. Techniques may involve detailed statistical analysis of past claim reporting, settlement activity, claim frequency and severity data when sufficient information exists to lend statistical credibility to the analysis. The analysis may be based upon internal loss experience, the experience of clients or industry experience. Techniques may vary depending on the type of claim being estimated. More judgmental techniques are used in lines when statistical data is insufficient or unavailable. Liabilities may also reflect implicit or explicit assumptions regarding the potential effects of future economic and social inflation, judicial decisions, law changes, and recent trends in such factors.
Receivables recorded with respect to insurance losses ceded to other reinsurers under reinsurance contracts are estimated in a manner similar to liabilities for insurance losses and, therefore, are also subject to estimation error. In addition to the factors cited above, estimates of reinsurance recoveries may prove uncollectible if the reinsurer is unable to perform under the contract. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the ceding company of its obligations to indemnify its own policyholders.
Berkshires Consolidated Balance Sheet includes estimated liabilities for unpaid losses from property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts of $42.0 billion and reinsurance receivables of $2.7 billion at June 30, 2002. Due to the inherent uncertainties in the process of establishing these amounts, the actual ultimate claims amounts will differ from the currently recorded amounts. A small percentage change in estimates of this magnitude will result in a material effect on reported earnings. For instance, a 5% increase in the June 30, 2002 net estimate would produce a $2.0 billion charge to pre-tax earnings. Future effects from changes in these estimates will be recorded as a component of losses incurred in the period of the change.
Berkshire records deferred charges as assets on its balance sheet with respect to liabilities assumed under retroactive reinsurance contracts. At the inception of these contracts the deferred charges represent the difference between the consideration received and the estimated ultimate liability for unpaid losses. The deferred charges are amortized as a component of losses incurred using the interest method over an estimate of the ultimate claim payment period. The deferred charge balance may be adjusted periodically to reflect new projections of the amount and timing of loss payments. Adjustments to these assumptions are applied retrospectively from the inception of the contract. Unamortized deferred charges totaled $3.3 billion at June 30, 2002. Significant changes in either the timing or ultimate amount of loss payments may have a significant effect on unamortized deferred charges and the amount of periodic amortization.
20
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
Critical accounting policies (Continued)
Berkshires financial position reflects large amounts of invested assets, including assets of its finance and financial products businesses. A substantial portion of these assets are carried at fair values based upon current market quotations and, when not available, based upon fair value pricing models. Berkshires finance businesses maintain significant balances of finance receivables, which are carried at amortized cost. Considerable judgment is required in determining the assumptions used in certain pricing models, which may address interest rates, loan prepayment speeds, and creditworthiness of the issuer.
Berkshires Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2002 includes goodwill of acquired businesses of approximately $22 billion. These amounts have been recorded as a result of Berkshires numerous prior business acquisitions accounted for under the purchase method. Prior to 2002, goodwill from each acquisition was generally amortized as a charge to earnings over periods not exceeding 40 years. Under SFAS No. 142, which was adopted by Berkshire as of January 1, 2002, periodic amortization ceased, in favor of an impairment-only accounting model.
A significant amount of judgment is required in performing goodwill impairment tests. Such tests include periodically determining or reviewing the estimated fair value of Berkshires reporting units. Under SFAS No. 142, fair value refers to the amount for which the entire reporting unit may be bought or sold. There are several methods of estimating reporting unit values, including market quotations, asset and liability fair values and other valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flows and multiples of earnings or revenues. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the estimated fair value, then individual assets, including identifiable intangible assets and liabilities of the reporting unit are estimated at fair value. The excess of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit over the estimated fair value of net assets would establish the implied value of goodwill. The excess of the recorded amount of goodwill over the implied value is charged-off as an impairment loss.
Forward-Looking Statements
Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this document as well as some statements in periodic press releases and some oral statements of Berkshire officials during presentations about Berkshire, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act). Forward-looking statements include statements which are predictive in nature, which depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, which include words such as expects, anticipates, intends, plans, believes, estimates, or similar expressions. In addition, any statements concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects, and possible future Berkshire actions, which may be provided by management are also forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about Berkshire, economic and market factors and the industries in which Berkshire does business, among other things. These statements are not guaranties of future performance and Berkshire has no specific intention to update these statements.
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The principal important risk factors that could cause Berkshires actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from such forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to, changes in market prices of Berkshires significant equity investees, the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events, such as an earthquake or hurricane that causes losses insured by Berkshires insurance subsidiaries, changes in insurance laws or regulations, changes in Federal income tax laws, and changes in general economic and market factors that affect the prices of securities or the industries in which Berkshire and its affiliates do business, especially those affecting the property and casualty insurance industry.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Reference is made to Berkshires most recently issued Annual Report and in particular the Market Risk Disclosures included in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. As of June 30, 2002, there have been no material changes in the market risks described in Berkshires most recently issued Annual Report.
21
Q/E 6/30/02
FORM 10-Q
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
Part II Other Information
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) | On May 28, 2002, Berkshire Hathaway sold 40,000 SQUARZ. Each SQUARZ is a unit representing beneficial ownership of a warrant to purchase for $10,000 on or before May 15, 2007 0.1116 shares of Class A common stock or 3.3480 shares of Class B common stock; and a note due November 15, 2007 with a $10,000 principal amount; and U.S. Treasury securities in the aggregate principal amount of $339.63 that will mature on a semi-annual basis through May 15, 2007. The warrant requires the holder to make semi-annual warrant installment payments at the rate of 3.75% per annum of the exercise price. The note requires Berkshire to pay semi-annual interest at a rate of 3.00% per annum. | ||
(b) | Goldman, Sachs & Co. was the sole initial purchaser of SQUARZ from Berkshire Hathaway. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, Goldman, Sachs & Co. agreed to offer and sell the SQUARZ solely to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. | ||
(c) | The aggregate offering price, net of an underwriting discount of $2,000,000, was $411,585,200. Additionally, annually beginning on May 15, 2003 and ending on May 15, 2006, Berkshire has agreed to pay Goldman, Sachs & Co. an additional fee equal to 0.50% of the exercise price of the warrants initially issued less any warrants that have been cancelled prior to such date. | ||
(d) | Berkshire Hathaway sold the SQUARZ to Goldman, Sachs & Co. in a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act under section 4(2) of the Securities Act, and Goldman, Sachs & Co. agreed to resell the SQUARZ solely to qualified institutional investors in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act. | ||
(e) | The Warrants that are a component of the SQUARZ entitle the holder to purchase for $10,000 at any time on or before May 15, 2007, 0.1116 shares of Class A common stock or 3.3480 shares of Class B common stock. |
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
At the annual meeting of shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (Berkshire), held May 4, 2002, Berkshires shareholders reelected Berkshires directors in an uncontested election. Berkshires shareholders also voted on a shareholder proposal regarding the Berkshire Hathaway Inc. shareholder designated contribution program. Proxies for the meeting had previously been solicited pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Following are the votes cast in favor and against each director. There were no votes withheld, abstentions or broker non-votes.
Directors | For | Against | ||||||
Warren E. Buffett |
1,140,816 | 16,712 | ||||||
Howard G. Buffett |
1,140,405 | 17,123 | ||||||
Susan T. Buffett |
1,156,472 | 1,056 | ||||||
Malcolm G. Chace |
1,150,890 | 6,638 | ||||||
Charles T. Munger |
1,140,769 | 16,759 | ||||||
Ronald L. Olson |
1,150,793 | 6,735 | ||||||
Walter Scott, Jr. |
1,150,813 | 6,715 |
Votes on the shareholder proposal were as follows:
For | Against | Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes | ||||||
28,721.350 |
1,014,821.055 | 113,985.360 |
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
None
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. | |||||
(Registrant) | |||||
Date August 13, 2002 | /s/ Marc D. Hamburg | ||||
(Signature) Marc D. Hamburg, Vice President and Principal Financial Officer |
22