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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

     
[X]   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
    EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2003

OR

     
[  ]   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
    EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from      to      

Commission file number: 0-19825

SCICLONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.


(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
California   94-3116852

 
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. employer Identification no.)
     
901 Mariner’s Island Blvd., Suite 205, San Mateo, California   94404

 
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip code)

(650) 358-3456
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable


(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

     
Yes [X]   No [  ]

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

     
Yes [  ]   No [X]

          As of March 31, 2003, 37,487,394 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, no par value, were issued and outstanding.

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
SIGNATURES
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Exhibit 99.1
Exhibit 99.2


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SCICLONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

INDEX

         
        PAGE NO.
PART I.   FINANCIAL INFORMATION    
Item 1.   Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)    
   
     Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002
    3
   
     Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three-month periods ended March 31, 2003 and 2002
    4
   
     Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three-month periods ended March 31, 2003 and 2002
    5
         Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements     6
Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   11
Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   28
Item 4.   Controls and Procedures   28
PART II.   OTHER INFORMATION    
Item 2.   Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds   29
Item 6.   Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K   29
Signatures       31
Certifications       32

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SCICLONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

                   
      March 31,   December 31,
      2003   2002
     
 
      (unaudited)   (Note 1)
ASSETS
               
Current assets:
               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 16,687,000     $ 20,233,000  
 
Restricted short-term investments
    685,000       685,000  
 
Other short-term investments
    213,000       232,000  
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $638,000 in 2003 and 2002
    10,541,000       9,276,000  
 
Inventories
    3,385,000       3,431,000  
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    2,380,000       2,297,000  
 
   
     
 
Total current assets
    33,891,000       36,154,000  
Property and equipment, net
    94,000       111,000  
Intangible assets, net
    665,000       682,000  
Other assets
    157,000       164,000  
 
   
     
 
Total assets
  $ 34,807,000     $ 37,111,000  
 
   
     
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities:
               
 
Accounts payable
  $ 2,691,000     $ 3,150,000  
 
Accrued compensation and employee benefits
    565,000       1,089,000  
 
Accrued clinical trials expense
    937,000       966,000  
 
Accrued professional fees
    562,000       679,000  
 
Deferred revenue
    895,000       895,000  
 
Other accrued expenses
    242,000       259,000  
 
 
   
     
 
Total current liabilities
    5,892,000       7,038,000  
Deferred revenue
    895,000       1,119,000  
Convertible notes payable
    5,600,000       5,600,000  
Commitments and contingencies
               
Shareholders’ equity:
               
 
Common stock, no par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 37,487,394 and 36,904,916 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively
    158,239,000       156,290,000  
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    58,000       79,000  
 
Accumulated deficit
    (135,877,000 )     (133,015,000 )
 
 
   
     
 
Total shareholders’ equity
    22,420,000       23,354,000  
 
   
     
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 34,807,000     $ 37,111,000  
 
   
     
 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

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SCICLONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)

                   
      Three months ended
      March 31,
      2003   2002
     
 
Product sales
  $ 5,000,000     $ 3,948,000  
Contract revenue
    224,000        
 
   
     
 
Total revenue
    5,224,000       3,948,000  
Cost of product sales
    1,016,000       792,000  
 
   
     
 
Gross margin
    4,208,000       3,156,000  
Operating expenses:
               
 
Research and development
    3,783,000       2,526,000  
 
Sales and marketing
    2,229,000       2,008,000  
 
General and administrative
    1,012,000       992,000  
 
   
     
 
Total operating expenses
    7,024,000       5,526,000  
 
   
     
 
Loss from operations
    (2,816,000 )     (2,370,000 )
Interest and investment income
    53,000       76,000  
Interest and investment expense
    (91,000 )     (90,000 )
Other expense, net
    (8,000 )     (19,000 )
 
   
     
 
Net loss
  $ (2,862,000 )   $ (2,403,000 )
 
   
     
 
Basic and diluted net loss per share
  $ (0.08 )   $ (0.07 )
 
   
     
 
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share
    37,320,130       32,583,558  
 
   
     
 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

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SCICLONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)

                     
        Three months ended
        March 31,
        2003   2002
       
 
Operating activities:
               
Net loss
  $ (2,862,000 )   $ (2,403,000 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
               
 
Depreciation and amortization
    45,000       146,000  
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
   
Accounts receivable, net
    (1,265,000 )     (544,000 )
   
Inventories
    46,000       (251,000 )
   
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    (83,000 )     178,000  
   
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses
    (476,000 )     102,000  
   
Accrued compensation and employee benefits
    (525,000 )     (422,000 )
   
Accrued clinical trials expense
    (29,000 )     145,000  
   
Accrued professional fees
    (117,000 )     (50,000 )
   
Deferred revenue
    (224,000 )     2,685,000  
 
   
     
 
Net cash used in operating activities
    (5,490,000 )     (414,000 )
 
   
     
 
Investing activities:
               
 
Purchase of property and equipment
    (4,000 )     (36,000 )
 
Payment on purchase of marketable securities
          (7,000 )
 
   
     
 
Net cash used in investing activities
    (4,000 )     (43,000 )
 
   
     
 
Financing activities:
               
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of financing costs
    1,948,000       471,000  
 
   
     
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
    1,948,000       471,000  
 
   
     
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (3,546,000 )     14,000  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    20,233,000       15,518,000  
 
   
     
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 16,687,000     $ 15,532,000  
 
   
     
 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

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SCICLONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

1.   Basis of Presentation
 
    The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles consistent with those applied in, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002 included in the Company’s Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The interim financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented and are not necessarily indicative of results for subsequent interim periods or for the full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2002 is derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
 
2.   Significant Accounting Policies
 
    Revenue Recognition
 
    The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at the time of shipment. There are no significant customer acceptance requirements or post shipment obligations on the part of the Company. Sales to importing agents or distributors are recognized at time of shipment when title to the product is transferred to them, and they do not have contractual rights of return except under limited terms regarding product quality. However, the Company will replace products that have expired or are deemed to be damaged or defective when delivered. Payments by the importing agents and distributors are not contingent upon sale to the end user by the importing agents or distributors.
 
    Contract revenue for research and development is recorded as earned based on the performance requirements of the contract. Nonrefundable contract fees for which no further performance obligations exist, and there is no continuing involvement by the Company, are recognized on the earlier of when the payments are received or when collection is assured.
 
    Revenue associated with substantive performance milestones is recognized based on the achievement of the milestones, as defined in the respective agreements and provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive and its achievement is not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, and (ii) there are no future performance obligations associated with the milestone payment.
 
    Net Loss Per Share
 
    Net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Potentially dilutive common shares from convertible debt, stock options and warrants are excluded, as their effect is antidilutive.

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    Accounting For Stock-Based Compensation
 
    The Company accounts for its stock option and employee stock purchase plans under the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25 (“APB 25”) and related Interpretations. Accordingly, the Company does not recognize compensation expense in accounting for its stock option and employee stock purchase plans for awards to employees and directors granted at fair market value.
 
    Pro forma information regarding net loss and net loss per share is required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”) and has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its stock awards under the fair value method of that Statement. The fair value for the options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the three month period ended March 31, 2003 and the corresponding period in 2002: risk-free interest rates of 2.00% and 2.00%, respectively; dividend yield of 0%; volatility factors of the expected market price of the Company’s common stock of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively, and a weighted average expected life of the option of 4.00 years and 4.00 years, respectively.
 
    The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. Because the Company’s employee stock awards have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in the Company’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options and stock purchases.
 
    Had compensation expense for the Company’s option and employee purchase plans been determined based on the fair value at the grant date for awards in 2003 and 2002 consistent with the provisions of SFAS 123, the Company’s net loss and net loss per share would have been the pro forma amounts indicated below:

                 
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    2003   2002
   
 
Net loss — as reported
  $ (2,862,000 )   $ (2,403,000 )
Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair value based method for all awards
    (552,000 )     (525,000 )
 
   
     
 
Net loss — pro forma
  $ (3,414,000 )   $ (2,928,000 )
 
   
     
 
Basic and diluted net loss per share — as reported
  $ (0.08 )   $ (0.07 )
 
   
     
 
Basic and diluted net loss per share — pro forma
  $ (0.09 )   $ (0.09 )
 
   
     
 

    The effects of applying SFAS 123 for pro forma disclosures are not likely to be representative of the effects on reported net loss for future years due to the different number of options granted each year.

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3.   Comprehensive Loss
 
    For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company’s total comprehensive loss amounted to $(2,883,000) and $(2,365,000), respectively.
 
4.   Available-For-Sale Securities
 
    The following is a summary of available-for sale securities at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002:

                           
              Gross   Estimated
      Amortized   Unrealized   Fair
      Cost   Gains   Value
     
 
 
March 31, 2003:
                       
 
Certificate of deposit
  $ 787,000     $     $ 787,000  
 
U.S. government obligations
    13,108,000             13,108,000  
 
Corporate equity securities
    51,000       60,000       111,000  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  $ 13,946,000     $ 60,000     $ 14,006,000  
 
 
   
     
     
 
December 31, 2002:
                       
 
Certificate of deposit
  $ 787,000     $     $ 787,000  
 
U.S. government obligations
    13,723,000             13,723,000  
 
Corporate equity securities
    51,000       79,000       130,000  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  $ 14,561,000     $ 79,000     $ 14,640,000  
 
 
   
     
     
 

    As of March 31, 2003, the available-for-sale securities are included as follows: $13,108,000 in cash and cash equivalents; $685,000 in restricted short-term investments and $213,000 in other short-term investments. As of December 31, 2002, the available-for-sale securities are included as follows: $13,723,000 in cash and cash equivalents; $685,000 in restricted short-term investments and $232,000 in other short-term investments.
 
5.   Inventories
 
    The following is a summary of inventories at March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002:

                 
    March 31,   December 31,
    2003   2002
   
 
Raw materials
  $ 2,709,000     $ 2,190,000  
Work in progress
    164,000       159,000  
Finished goods
    512,000       1,082,000  
 
   
     
 
 
  $ 3,385,000     $ 3,431,000  
 
   
     
 

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6.   Intangible Assets
 
    The following is a summary of intangible assets:

                 
    March 31,   December 31,
    2003   2002
   
 
Intangible product rights
  $ 2,456,000     $ 2,456,000  
Accumulated amortization
    (1,791,000 )     (1,774,000 )
 
   
     
 
 
  $ 665,000     $ 682,000  
 
   
     
 

    Acquired ZADAXIN product rights are being amortized on a straight-line basis beginning in September 1998. Amortization expense for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2003 and 2002 was $17,000 and $101,000, respectively. Amortization expense in 2002 was based on an estimated useful life of six years. For the years ending December 31, 2003 through 2012, annual amortization expense is expected to be $70,000. The Company reassessed the estimated useful life of the assets to be an additional eight years as of December 31, 2002. The Company reassessed the useful life to be eight years as the European patent for the use of ZADAXIN in the treatment of hepatitis C expires in 2012 and the Company, based upon the progress in the ZADAXIN clinical trials and the Company’s actual experience of product sales, has assessed that the acquired product rights will be useful to the Company through 2012. The Company’s policy is to identify and record impairment losses, as circumstances dictate, on intangible product rights when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amounts of those assets. The Company reassesses the useful life of these assets in accordance with current facts and circumstances.
 
7.   Minimum Purchase Requirements
 
    The Company does not have any minimum purchase requirements under its contract manufacturing supply agreements for ZADAXIN and CPX.
 
8.   Deferred Revenue
 
    In January 2002, the Company received $2,685,000 from its European partner, Sigma-Tau under the terms of our collaborative agreement announced in late December 2001. This receipt has been recorded as deferred revenue and is being recognized as contract revenue over the course of the ZADAXIN hepatitis C U.S. clinical program beginning in April 2002 and the period of sharing the clinical data from this program with Sigma-Tau, the substantive performance requirements under the contract. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, the Company recognized $224,000 as contract revenue.

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9.   Shareholders’ Equity
 
    In January 2003, the Company completed a $1,800,000 direct placement to affiliates of Sigma-Tau less $13,000 in financing-related costs. The affiliates purchased 504,938 shares of the Company’s common stock at $3.5648 per share. The shares issued were restricted securities, and Sigma-Tau and its affiliates are not permitted to sell any of the shares purchased in this private placement until January 24, 2004.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by us. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements including those statements we make regarding sales and demand for ZADAXIN, working capital, cash flow, our future financial results, the timing and outcome of clinical trials, anticipated sales and cost of product sales, allocation of financial resources to certain trials and programs, research and development expense levels, sales and marketing expense levels, future commercialization and marketing efforts and general and administrative and other operating expense levels. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including, but not limited to, those described under the caption “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.

Overview

     SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“SciClone” or the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the development and commercialization of therapeutics to treat life-threatening diseases. Our lead product ZADAXIN is in several late-stage clinical trials, including two phase 3 hepatitis C clinical trials in the U.S., a recently completed phase 3 hepatitis B clinical trial in Japan, a phase 2 malignant melanoma clinical trial in Europe, and two phase 2 liver cancer trials in the U.S. In addition to ZADAXIN, our other drug development opportunities include SCV-07, a potentially orally available therapeutic to treat viral and infectious diseases, and products to address the protein-based disorder that causes cystic fibrosis.

     ZADAXIN has been approved for sale by the ministries of health in over 30 countries including in the first quarter of 2003 the approval for use as a vaccine adjuvant.in Hong Kong. ZADAXIN is marketed in China and selected other countries outside the U.S, and the cash flow generated by these operations contributes significant support to our ZADAXIN late-stage clinical trials. ZADAXIN has been administered to over 10,000 patients to date in both clinical and commercial use, alone and in combination with antiviral and anticancer drugs, without producing any known ZADAXIN related significant side effects or toxicities. ZADAXIN is manufactured by third party manufacturers in the U.S. and Europe in compliance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), or the foreign equivalent of such standards.

     Our business strategy focuses on developing late-stage products to treat life-threatening diseases that offer significant market opportunities. ZADAXIN is currently in multiple phase 3 and phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of viral diseases and cancer. These therapeutic categories currently represent multi-billion dollar markets in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. We design our clinical trials with the input of leading physicians and selected major pharmaceutical

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companies, and we structure trials to support regulatory approval for ZADAXIN in the U.S., Europe, and Japan.

Results of Operations

     Total Revenue

     Product sales were $5,000,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, as compared to $3,948,000 for the corresponding period in 2002. The growth was largely due to increased sales volume of ZADAXIN to our importers in China.

     For the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, all of our product sales were derived from sales of ZADAXIN, and China accounted for approximately 87% of this revenue.

     Contract revenue was $224,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, as compared to none for the corresponding period in 2002. The contract revenue we recognized was in connection with funds we received from Sigma-Tau in January 2002 which will be recognized as contract revenue over the course of the ZADAXIN hepatitis C U.S. clinical program and the period of sharing the clinical data from this program with Sigma-Tau, the substantive performance requirements under the contract.

     Cost of Product Sales

     Cost of product sales were $1,016,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003 as compared to $792,000 for the corresponding period in 2002 with the increase being primarily due to higher product sales. We expect cost of product sales to vary from quarter to quarter, depending upon the level of ZADAXIN sales, the absorption of fixed product-related costs, and any charges associated with excess or expiring finished product inventory.

     Research and Development

     Research and development expenses were $3,783,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, as compared to $2,526,000 for the corresponding period in 2002. The increase in the three-month period ended March 31, 2003 was primarily to support our ZADAXIN phase 3 clinical trials in the U.S. and Japan. The initiation and continuation of ZADAXIN clinical trials have had, and will continue to have, the largest and most significant effect on our research and development expenses. In general, we expect product research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars over the next several years and to vary quarter to quarter as we pursue our strategy of initiating additional preclinical and clinical trials and testing, acquiring product rights, and expanding regulatory activities.

     Sales and Marketing

     Sales and marketing expenses were $2,229,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, as compared to $2,008,000 for the corresponding period in 2002. The increase was related to the expansion of our markets for ZADAXIN. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to vary quarter to quarter and to increase in the next several years as we expect to expand our commercialization and marketing efforts.

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     General and Administrative

     General and administrative expenses were $1,012,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, as compared to $992,000 for the corresponding period in 2002. In the near term, we expect general and administrative expenses to vary quarter to quarter as we increase our general and administrative activities and resources to support increased expenditures on preclinical and clinical trials and testing, and regulatory, pre-commercialization and marketing activities.

     Interest and Investment Income

     Interest and investment income was $53,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, as compared to $76,000 for the corresponding period in 2002. The decrease was primarily due to lower average invested cash balances and lower interest rates.

     Interest and Investment Expense

     Interest and investment expense was $91,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003, as compared to $90,000 for the corresponding period in 2002.

     Liquidity and Capital Resources

     At March 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002, we had $17,585,000 and $21,151,000, respectively, in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, $685,000 of which was restricted cash at each date. Our short-term investments consist primarily of highly liquid marketable securities.

     Net cash used by us in operating activities amounted to $5,490,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003 compared with $414,000 for the corresponding period in 2002. The change was primarily due to increases in accounts receivable and decreases in accounts payable and accrued compensation and employee benefits during the three month period ended March 31, 2003 compared to an increase of $2,685,000 in deferred revenue during the 2002 period.

     Net cash used by us in investing activities amounted to $4,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003 and related to the purchase of property and equipment.

     Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $1,948,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2003. Net cash provided by financing activities consisted of $114,000 related to exercises of outstanding options under our employee stock option plans, $47,000 for the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan and gross proceeds of $1,800,000 from a direct placement to affiliates of Sigma-Tau in January 2003, less $13,000 in financing-related costs.

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     Our contractual obligations and other commitments as of March 31, 2003 were as follows:

                                         
    Payments Due by Period
   
Contractual           Less than 1                        
Obligations   Total   year   1-3 years   4-5 years   After 5 years

 
 
 
 
 
Convertible notes payable
  $ 5,600,000     $     $ 5,600,000     $     $  
Operating leases
    5,938,000       978,000       4,029,000       931,000        
Minimum annual royalty obligations
    390,000       65,000       195,000       130,000        
 
   
     
     
     
     
 
Total contractual cash obligations
  $ 11,928,000     $ 1,043,000     $ 9,824,000     $ 1,061,000     $  
                                         
            Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period
           
Other Commercial   Total Amounts   Less than 1                        
Commitments   Committed   year   1-3 years   4-5 years   After 5 years

 
 
 
 
 
Letters of Credit
  $ 685,000     $ 685,000                    

     None of our officers or directors were involved in any related party transactions with the Company in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2003 and 2002.

     Management intends to give priority use of the Company’s financial resources to ZADAXIN clinical programs in the United States. Management believes our existing capital resources and interest on funds available are adequate to maintain our current and planned operations through at least the next twelve months. We will need to obtain additional capital to support our long-term product development. Assuming approval of ZADAXIN by the U.S. FDA and other regulatory authorities, we may also require additional capital for our commercialization programs. The need, timing and amount of additional funding will depend upon numerous factors, including the level of ZADAXIN sales, the timing and amount of manufacturing costs related to ZADAXIN, the availability of complementary products, technologies and businesses, the initiation and continuation of preclinical and clinical trials and testing, particularly ZADAXIN trials in the U.S. and Japan, the timing of regulatory approvals, developments in relationships with existing or future collaborative parties and the status of competitive products. In the event we need to raise additional financing, the unavailability or the inopportune timing of any financing could prevent or delay our long-term product development and commercialization programs, either of which would severely hurt our business.

Recent Developments

     On April 24, 2003, the Company announced that beginning early in its second quarter there was a significant and unanticipated increase in local sales of ZADAXIN to hospitals in China which was believed to be related to the use of immune system enhancers in connection with severe acute respiratory syndrome (“SARS”). On May 6, 2003, the Company announced that SARS related export sales to China were expected to increase sales of ZADAXIN to more than $15 million for the second quarter of 2003. In China, the growing awareness of the SARS virus and the intense search for methods to treat this disease have created an unanticipated additional demand for ZADAXIN and many other products. During the quarter, the Company and its production and other partners have worked to address this new SARS related demand for ZADAXIN.

     We believe it is still too early to predict the magnitude and sustainability of SARS related ZADAXIN sales on our revenues and cash flow into the third quarter 2003 and beyond. SARS has emerged very recently and no conclusive data has yet been reported regarding the effectiveness of any drug therapy in either its treatment or its prevention, and no data is available

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regarding the use of ZADAXIN in connection with SARS. In China, immune system enhancers have been recommended by the Chinese Department of Health for use in the treatment of SARS.

     If the impact of these increased sales meets our expectations, we believe that our current cash position and projected funds from international sales operations will be sufficient to fund our existing clinical development programs and currently planned operations through the first quarter of 2006.

Risk Factors

     You should carefully consider the risks described below, in addition to the other information in this report on Form 10-Q, before making an investment decision. Each of these risk factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our common stock.

Our phase 3 clinical trials in the U.S. for the approval of ZADAXIN in combination with pegylated interferon alpha for the treatment of hepatitis C may fail, which will harm our business.

     Currently, there is no U.S. FDA approved therapy for hepatitis C patients who have failed to respond to prior therapy with interferon alpha plus ribavirin or with interferon alpha alone. We designed our phase 3 clinical trials based on the use of ZADAXIN in combination with pegylated interferon alpha to address this medical need. There can be no assurances that the results from our previous hepatitis C studies with ZADAXIN and non-pegylated interferon alpha which enabled us to produce this design will carryover to the trials involving a combination of ZADAXIN and pegylated interferon alpha and any resulting data may be insufficient or inadequate to demonstrate appropriate efficacy under FDA guidelines. In addition, insufficient data resulting from the clinical trials would also adversely affect our ability to market and sell ZADAXIN in markets where it is approved for sale. In 2002 we began enrolling patients in both of the phase 3 trials in our hepatitis C clinical program in the U.S.; however, there are trials being conducted by competitors seeking to enroll similar patients and competition for appropriate patients for these clinical trials is significant. We may not be able to enroll patients quickly enough to meet our timing expectations for completing the trial which would delay the preparation of a new drug application (NDA); or we may not be able to fully enroll the studies or patient drop out rates could be higher than anticipated, either of which could weaken the quality of an NDA. Our hepatitis C clinical trials have been designed to show that the combination of ZADAXIN and pegylated interferon alpha adds a significant clinical benefit when compared to the use of pegylated interferon alpha alone in the re-treatment of hepatitis C patients who have not responded to prior therapy. However, the independent use of the pegylated form of interferon alpha may perform better than anticipated which could weaken the quality of an NDA. ZADAXIN has been used both clinically and commercially in thousands of patients without producing any reported ZADAXIN related significant side effects or toxicities, and the pegylated interferon alpha used in the clinical trials has been approved by the FDA and has documented adverse side effects. Should the combination therapy of ZADAXIN and pegylated interferon alpha cause significant new or to a greater degree the same adverse side effects, our clinical trials could be delayed, patients may drop out at a greater than anticipated rate, we may be forced to halt the trials, or the FDA may reject an NDA due to safety issues. If any of the foregoing occurs, our efforts to market and sell ZADAXIN will be impaired, our business will suffer and the price of our stock may decline.

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Our expectations regarding an increase in revenue as a result of SARS related increased demand may not be realized.

     While we have already experienced an increase in orders for ZADAXIN as a result of the increased demand we reported during the second quarter of fiscal 2003, there can be no assurance that revenue will meet our expectations. Actual revenue, operating profit and cash flow could fall below our expectations due to a variety of factors, including changes in treatment in China, changes in the rate of infection, the emergence of evidence as to the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of ZADAXIN or of other potential treatments for SARS, inability to meet demand, cancellation of orders or other factors, including the factors sited elsewhere in these Risk Factors.

Our phase 3 clinical trials in Japan for the approval of ZADAXIN for the treatment of hepatitis B may fail, which will harm our business.

     There is a need for better hepatitis B therapies that improve efficacy and do not cause side effects. Our phase 3 clinical trial was designed based on the use of ZADAXIN to address this medical need. There can be no assurances that the results from our previous hepatitis B studies that enabled this design will carryover to the trials involving ZADAXIN and any resulting data may be insufficient or inadequate to demonstrate appropriate efficacy under Japanese Ministry of Health guidelines. In addition, insufficient data resulting from the clinical trial would also adversely affect our ability to market and sell ZADAXIN in markets where it is approved for sale. We may not be able to compile and analyze trial data quickly enough to meet our timing expectations, which would delay the preparation of a Japanese new drug application (JNDA). Our hepatitis B clinical trial was designed to show that ZADAXIN adds a significant clinical benefit in the treatment of hepatitis B patients. Although ZADAXIN has been used safely by over 10,000 patients to date, should ZADAXIN cause significant adverse side effects, our JNDA could be delayed or the Japanese Ministry of Health may reject our JNDA on safety issues. If any of the foregoing occurs, our efforts to market and sell ZADAXIN will be impaired, and our business will suffer and the price of our stock may decline.

We rely on third parties to manufacture our clinical trial product. Deficiencies in their work could delay or harm our sales or our trials or the approval process and harm our business.

     We manufacture the ZADAXIN used in our phase 3 trials under cGMP guidelines and under our direct manufacturing and quality control supervision, using third party cGMP manufacturers and suppliers. If unanticipated deficiencies in these manufacturers or suppliers occur, this could create a delay in the assembling of a timely and acceptable NDA. If sales of ZADAXIN were to increase dramatically, our third party manufacturers may not be able to manufacture ZADAXIN quickly enough to satisfy demand, which could limit our ability to satisfy increased demand or could adversely affect the ability of these manufacturers to manufacture products for our clinical trials. Not all of the ZADAXIN planned to be used in our hepatitis C clinical trials has been manufactured and received. Pegylated interferon alpha is being supplied to us by Roche on an as needed basis. Any delay in receiving or recall of pegylated interferon alpha or ZADAXIN could delay the clinical trials or detract from the integrity of the trial data. If any of the foregoing occurs, our efforts to market and sell ZADAXIN in combination with pegylated interferon alpha will be impaired, our business will suffer and the price of our stock may decline. We have been in the process of qualifying new additional

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manufacturers of ZADAXIN and if we encounter problems with this process of validation, our sales or our clinical trials could be adversely affected.

We may not be able to successfully develop or commercialize our products.

     Many of our products are in the development stage and will require the commitment of substantial resources, devoted to extensive research, development, preclinical testing, clinical trials, manufacturing scale-up and regulatory approval prior to being ready for sale. We cannot assure you that commercially viable products will result from these efforts. We face significant technological risks inherent in developing these products. We may also abandon some or all of our proposed products before they become commercially viable. We have limited experience in conducting and managing clinical trials and we rely, in part, on third parties, particularly clinical research organizations and our development partners, to assist us in managing and monitoring clinical trials. Our reliance on these third parties may result in delays in completing, or failure to complete, these clinical trials if third parties fail to fulfill their obligations to us. If any of our products, even if developed and approved, cannot be successfully commercialized in a timely manner, our business will be harmed and the price of our stock may decline.

     We have not yet sold any product other than ZADAXIN. Our future revenue growth depends on increased market acceptance and commercialization of ZADAXIN in additional countries, particularly in the U.S., Europe and Japan. If we fail to successfully market ZADAXIN, or if we cannot commercialize this drug in the U.S. and other additional markets, our revenue and operating results will suffer. Our future revenue will also depend in part on our ability to develop other commercially viable and accepted products; however, until we obtain additional resources, substantially all of our resources are focused on the development of ZADAXIN. Market acceptance of our products will depend on many factors, including our ability to convince prospective customers and prospective strategic partners that our products are an attractive alternative to other treatments and therapies, and manufacture products in sufficient quantities with acceptable quality and at an acceptable cost. Failure to do so will hurt our operations.

If we fail to satisfy and comply with governmental regulations or if government regulations change, our business may suffer.

     All new drugs, including our products, which have been developed or are under development, are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the FDA, and comparable agencies in state and local jurisdictions and in foreign countries. These regulations govern, among other things, the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, pre-market approval, importation, advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of our products. These regulations change from time to time and new regulations may be adopted. For example, in prior years, legislation has been introduced in the U.S. Congress that would restrict the duration of the marketing exclusivity of an orphan drug. There can be no assurances that this type of legislation will not be reintroduced and passed into law, or that the benefits of the existing statute will remain in effect. Our failure to satisfy and comply with regulations adopted by the FDA, and comparable agencies in state and local jurisdictions and in foreign countries, may delay or stop approval of our drugs. In particular, such failure can, among other things, result in warning letters, fines, suspensions of regulatory approvals, product recalls or seizures, operating restrictions, injunctions, total or partial suspension of production, civil penalties, and criminal prosecutions. Furthermore, additional government regulation may be established or imposed by legislation or otherwise, which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of ZADAXIN or any

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of our other future products. Adverse events related to our products in any of our existing or future markets could cause regulatory authorities to withdraw market approval for such products, if any, or prevent us from receiving market approval in the future. There is no assurance that ZADAXIN, or any of our other products, will demonstrate efficacy sufficient to obtain approval by the FDA or its counterpart regulatory agencies in other indications or countries.

     Satisfaction of government regulations may take several years and the time needed to satisfy them varies substantially, based on the type, complexity and novelty of the pharmaceutical product. As a result, government regulation may cause us to delay the introduction of, or prevent us from marketing, our existing or potential products for a considerable period of time and to impose costly procedures upon our activities. If regulatory approval of our products is granted, such approval may impose limitations on the indicated uses for which our products may be marketed.

If we fail to obtain regulatory approvals for our products in countries where we have targeted regulatory approval, we may not be able to sustain or increase our revenues and our stock price may decline.

     The research, preclinical and clinical development, manufacturing, marketing and sale of ZADAXIN and our other drug candidates are subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities. ZADAXIN and any other products we may sell in countries outside the U.S. must be approved by the foreign counterparts of the FDA before they can be sold in any jurisdiction. Obtaining regulatory approval is time-consuming and expensive. In some countries where we are contemplating marketing and selling ZADAXIN, the regulatory approval process for drugs that have not been previously approved in countries with established clinical trial review procedures is uncertain, and this may delay or prevent the grant of regulatory approvals for ZADAXIN. In addition, to secure these regulatory approvals, we will need, among other things, to demonstrate favorable results from additional clinical trials of ZADAXIN. Even if we are able to complete the clinical trials we have sponsored or are planning in a timely or cost effective manner, these trials may not fulfill the applicable regulatory approval criteria, in which case we will not be able to obtain regulatory approval in these countries. There can be no assurance that we will ultimately obtain regulatory approvals in our targeted countries in a timely and cost-effective manner or at all. Our failure to obtain the required regulatory approvals so that we can develop, market and sell our products in countries where we currently do not have such rights will limit our revenues.

     In addition, adverse results that occur in our clinical trials could result in restrictions on the use of ZADAXIN, which may also hurt our business.

We will need to obtain additional capital to support our long-term product development and commercialization programs.

     Our ability to achieve and sustain operating profitability depends in large part on our ability to commence, execute and complete clinical programs for, and obtain additional regulatory approvals for ZADAXIN and other drug candidates, particularly in the U.S., Europe and Japan, increase ZADAXIN sales in existing markets, and launch ZADAXIN in new markets. We cannot assure that we will ever achieve more significant levels of sales or that we will receive additional ZADAXIN market approvals.

     Our current sales levels of ZADAXIN are not expected to generate all the funds we anticipate will be needed to support our current plans for product development including our U.S.

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phase 3 clinical trials for ZADAXIN. We will need to obtain additional financing to support our product development and commercialization programs. We may seek additional funds through public and private stock offerings, arrangements with corporate partners, borrowings under lease lines of credit or other sources. If we cannot raise the necessary funds, we will have to reduce our capital expenditures, curtail or delay our phase 3 clinical trials, scale back our development of new products, reduce our workforce and out-license to others products or technologies that we otherwise would seek to commercialize ourselves, any of which may harm our business and cause our stock price to fall.

     The amount of capital we will need will depend on many factors, including: the timing, location, scope and results of ongoing and planned preclinical studies and clinical trials; the cost of manufacturing or obtaining preclinical and clinical materials; the timing and cost involved in applying for and obtaining FDA and international regulatory approvals; whether we elect to establish additional partnering arrangements for development, sales, manufacturing, and marketing of our products; the level of future ZADAXIN sales; expense levels for our international sales and marketing efforts; our ability to establish and maintain strategic arrangements for development, sales, manufacturing and marketing of our products; competing technological and market developments; the costs involved in filing, prosecuting and enforcing patent claims; whether any or all of our outstanding convertible notes are converted to common stock; and whether any or all of our outstanding common stock warrants are exercised and the timing and amount of these exercises.

     Many of the foregoing factors are not within our control. If we need to raise additional funds and such funds are not available on reasonable terms, we may be required to delay or cancel our product development and commercialization programs. Any additional equity financing will be dilutive to shareholders, and any debt financing, if available, may include restrictive covenants.

We have a history of operating losses and an accumulated deficit. We expect to continue to incur losses in the near term and may never achieve profitability.

     We have experienced significant operating losses since our inception and as of March 31, 2003, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $136,000,000. We expect our operating expenses to increase over the next several years as we plan to dedicate substantially all of our resources to expanding our development, testing and marketing capabilities, particularly in the U.S., and we may never achieve profitability. Our failure to achieve profitability may cause our stock price to decline.

Our revenue is dependent on the sale of ZADAXIN in foreign countries, particularly China, and if we experience difficulties in our foreign sales efforts, our financial condition will be harmed.

     Our product revenue in the near term is highly dependent on the sale of ZADAXIN in foreign countries. If we experience difficulties in our foreign sales efforts, our business will suffer and our financial condition will be harmed. Substantially all of our ZADAXIN sales are to customers in China. Sales of ZADAXIN in China may be limited due to its low average personal income, lack of patient cost reimbursement, poorly developed infrastructure, and existing and potential competition from other products, including generics. In China ZADAXIN is sold as an imported finished product. The attractiveness of the ZADAXIN market has encouraged local companies to introduce lower priced locally manufactured generic competitive products. As this

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occurs, there could be a negative impact on the price and the volume of ZADAXIN sold to this country and this would harm our business.

     In addition, our ZADAXIN sales and operations in other parts of Asia, as well as in Latin America and the Middle East, are subject to a number of risks, including: difficulties and delays in obtaining pricing approvals and reimbursement, product health registrations and importation permits; unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations; long payment cycles; difficulties in accounts receivable collection; difficulties in enforcing our proprietary rights; currency fluctuations; adverse or deteriorating economic conditions; and potential adverse tax consequences.

     We do not have product sales in the U.S. with which to offset any decrease in our revenue from ZADAXIN sales in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. In addition, some countries in these regions, including China, regulate pharmaceutical prices and pharmaceutical importation. These regulations may reduce prices for ZADAXIN to levels significantly below those that would prevail in an unregulated market, limit the volume of product which may be imported and sold, or place high import duties on the product, any of which may limit the growth of our revenues or cause them to decline.

Because of China’s tiered method of importing and distributing finished pharmaceutical products, our quarterly results may vary substantially from one period to the next.

     China uses a tiered method to import and distribute finished pharmaceutical products. At each port of entry, and prior to moving the product forward to the distributors, government licensed importing agents must process and evaluate each shipment to determine whether such shipment satisfies China’s quality assurance requirements. In order to efficiently manage this process, the importing agents typically place relatively few orders within any six month period and each order is typically for large quantities. Therefore, our sales to an importing agent can vary substantially from quarter to quarter depending on the size and timing of the orders, which has in the past and may in the future cause our quarterly results to fluctuate. Because we use a small number of importing agents in China, our account receivable from any one importing agent is material and if we were unable to collect receivables from any importer, our business and cash-flow would be adversely affected, at least in the short term.

We have limited sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, which may adversely affect our ability to successfully commercialize our products.

     We currently have limited sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, and we anticipate that we will be relying on third-party collaborators to sell, market and distribute our products for the foreseeable future. If our arrangements with these third parties are not successful, or if we are unable to enter into additional third-party arrangements, we may need to substantially expand our sales, marketing and distribution force. Our efforts to expand may not succeed, or we may lack sufficient resources to expand in a timely manner, either of which will harm our operating results. In addition, if we are able to further expand our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we will begin competing with other companies that have experienced and well funded operations. If we cannot successfully compete with these larger companies, our revenues may not grow and our business may suffer.

If we are not able to establish and maintain adequate manufacturing and supply relationships, the development and sale of our products could be impaired.

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     To be successful, our products must be manufactured in commercial quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements and at an acceptable cost. If sales of ZADAXIN increase dramatically, our third party manufacturers may not be able to manufacture ZADAXIN quickly enough to satisfy demand, which would harm our ability to capitalize on revenue generating opportunities. Manufacturing interruptions could significantly delay clinical development of potential products and reduce third-party or clinical researcher interest and support of proposed trials. These interruptions could also impede commercialization of our products, including sales of ZADAXIN in approved markets, and impair our competitive position. Any of these developments would harm our business.

     In some countries, a manufacturing change may require additional regulatory approvals. If we do not obtain the required regulatory approvals for a manufacturing change in a timely fashion, new ZADAXIN marketing approvals may be delayed or sales may be interrupted until the manufacturing change is approved. Either of these results would harm our business.

     In addition, manufacturing, supply and quality control problems may arise as we, either alone or with subcontractors, attempt to scale-up our manufacturing procedures. We may not be able to scale-up in a timely manner or at a commercially reasonable cost, either of which could cause delays or pose a threat to the ultimate commercialization of our products and harm our business.

If we do not obtain rights to additional products from third parties, our prospects for future revenue may decline.

     The clinical development of ZADAXIN is our primary product development objective; however, if we do not advance the products we have in-licensed from preclinical into clinical development, we may lose the rights to these products. We may also have a shortage of drugs to develop and commercialize if we do not license or otherwise acquire rights to additional drugs. Any shortage in the number of drugs that we are able to develop and commercialize may reduce our prospects for future revenue.

Commercialization of some of our products depends on collaborations with others. If our collaborators are not successful, or if we are unable to find future collaborators, we may not be able to properly develop and commercialize our products.

     We depend in part on our distributors and business partners to develop and/or promote our drugs, and if they are not successful in their efforts or fail to do so, our business will suffer. Specifically, Sigma-Tau is our European partner responsible for the development and marketing of ZADAXIN in Europe. We generally do not have control over the amount and timing of resources that our business partners devote to ZADAXIN and they have not always performed as or when expected. If they do not perform their obligations as we expect, particularly obligations regarding clinical trials, our development expenses would increase and the development and/or sale of our products could be limited or delayed, which could hurt our business and cause our stock price to decline. In addition, our relationships with these companies may not be successful. Disputes may arise over ownership rights to intellectual property, know-how or technologies developed with our collaborators, and we may not be able to negotiate similar additional arrangements in the future to develop and commercialize ZADAXIN or other products.

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If we fail to protect our products, technologies and trade secrets, we may not be able to successfully use, manufacture, market or sell our products, or we may fail to advance or maintain our competitive position.

     Our success depends significantly on our ability to obtain and maintain meaningful patent protection for our products and technologies, to preserve our trade secrets and to avoid infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties. Our pending patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents in the future. Our patents or patent applications may not have priority over others’ applications. Our existing patents and additional patents, if any, that may be issued may not provide a competitive advantage to us or may be invalidated or circumvented by our competitors. Others may independently develop similar products or design around patents issued or licensed to us. Patents issued to, or patent applications filed by, other companies could harm our ability to use, manufacture, market or sell our products or maintain our competitive position with respect to our products. Although many of our patents relating to ZADAXIN have expired, we have rights to other patents and patent applications relating to ZADAXIN under exclusive licenses. If we breach the terms of any of these licenses, we could lose our rights to these patents and patent applications.

     Our commercial success also depends in part on us not infringing valid, enforceable patents or proprietary rights of third parties, and not breaching any licenses that may relate to our technologies and products. We are aware of third-party patents that may relate to our products. It is possible that we may unintentionally infringe these patents or other patents or proprietary rights of third parties. We may in the future receive notices claiming infringement from third parties as well as invitations to take licenses under third-party patents. Any legal action against us or our collaborative partners claiming damages and seeking to enjoin commercial activities relating to our products and processes affected by third-party rights may require us or our collaborative partners to obtain licenses in order to continue to manufacture or market the affected products and processes. Our efforts to defend against any of these claims, even if unmeritorious, would require us to devote resources and attention that could have been directed to our operations and growth plans. In addition, these actions may subject us to potential liability for damages. We or our collaborative partners may not prevail in a patent action and any license required under a patent may not be made available on commercially acceptable terms, or at all.

     Pharmaceuticals are either not patentable or have only recently become patentable in some of the countries in which we have exclusive rights to ZADAXIN. Past enforcement of intellectual property rights in many of these countries has been limited or non-existent. Future enforcement of patents and proprietary rights in many other countries will likely be problematic or unpredictable. Moreover, the issuance of a patent in one country does not assure the issuance of a similar patent in another country. Claim interpretation and infringement laws vary by nation, so the extent of any patent protection is uncertain and may vary in different jurisdictions.

If we make any acquisitions, we will incur a variety of costs and may never realize the anticipated benefits.

     If appropriate opportunities become available, we may attempt to acquire products, product candidates or businesses that we believe fit strategically with our business. We currently have no commitments or agreements with respect to material acquisitions. If we do undertake any transaction of this sort, the process of integrating an acquired product, product candidate or business may result in operating difficulties and expenditures and may absorb significant management attention that would otherwise be available for our ongoing business development

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plans. Moreover, we may never realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition. Future acquisitions could result in in-process research and development expenses, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities and/or amortization or impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may lose market share or otherwise fail to compete effectively in the intensely competitive biopharmaceutical industry.

     Competition in the biopharmaceutical industry is intense and we expect that competition to increase. Our success depends on our ability to compete. We believe that the principal competitive factors in this industry include the efficacy, safety, price, therapeutic regimen, manufacturing quality assurance, and patents associated with a given drug. Our competitors include biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, universities and other research institutions, both in the U.S. and abroad, that are actively engaged in research and development of products in the therapeutic areas we are pursuing, particularly hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and cancer. Competitors are currently marketing drugs for hepatitis C, hepatitis B and cancer, or have products in late-stage clinical trials.

     Most of our competitors, particularly large biopharmaceutical companies, have substantially greater financial, technical, regulatory, manufacturing, marketing and human resource capabilities than we do. Most of them also have extensive experience in undertaking the preclinical and clinical testing and in obtaining the regulatory approvals necessary to market drugs. Additional mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry may result in even more resources being concentrated with our competitors. Where comparable products are marketed by other companies, price is a competitive factor. Increased competitive pressure could lead to intensified price-based competition resulting in lower prices and margins, which would hurt our operating results.

     We currently rely on sales of ZADAXIN outside of the U.S. as a treatment for hepatitis C and hepatitis B and certain cancers as our primary source of product revenue. Several large biopharmaceutical companies have substantial commitments to interferon alpha, an approved drug for treating hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and to lamivudine and adefovir, approved drugs to treat hepatitis B. We cannot assure you that we will compete successfully against our competitors or that our competitors, or potential competitors, will not develop drugs or other treatments for hepatitis C, hepatitis B, cancer, and other diseases that will be superior to ours.

     In the U.S., our product ZADAXIN is being evaluated in combination with pegylated interferon alpha for the treatment of hepatitis C patients who have failed to respond to prior therapy with interferon alpha plus ribavirin or with interferon alpha alone. Other companies are researching, developing, or marketing other products for use alone or in combination with interferon alphas or pegylated interferon alphas for clinical indications including HCV and HBV. Such competitive products include ribavirin, allegedly improved ribavirin molecules and other products not yet in late stage clinical trials such as therapeutic vaccines and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Our clinical trials may not show ZADAXIN to have advantages over such existing or future competitive products nor to have clinically significant synergistic value.

     We believe that we can position ZADAXIN as a complementary rather than competitive drug to many therapies, but cannot guarantee that we will be successful in this endeavor. We expect continuing advancements in and increasing awareness of the use of immune system

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enhancer therapy to fight cancer and infectious diseases and that this development may create new competitors. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete with any such competitors.

If third-party reimbursement is not available or patients cannot otherwise pay for ZADAXIN, we may not be able to successfully market ZADAXIN.

     Our ability to successfully commercialize our products may depend in part on the extent to which coverage and reimbursement to patients for our products will be available from government health care programs, private health insurers and other third party payors or organizations. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of new therapeutic products, such as ZADAXIN, and we cannot assure you that third party insurance coverage and reimbursement will be available for therapeutic products we might develop. In most of the emerging markets in which we sell ZADAXIN or intend to sell ZADAXIN, reimbursement for ZADAXIN under government or private health insurance programs is not yet widely available. The failure to obtain third-party reimbursement for our products, particularly in the U.S., Europe and Japan, will harm our business. In the U.S., proposed health care reforms could limit the amount of third-party reimbursement available for our products. We cannot assure you that additional limitations will not be imposed in the future on drug coverage and reimbursement. In many emerging markets where we have marketing rights to ZADAXIN, government resources and per capita income may be so low that our products will be prohibitively expensive. In these countries, we may not be able to market our products on economically favorable terms, if at all.

     Efforts by governmental and third-party payors to contain or reduce health care costs could cause us to reduce the prices at which we market our drugs, which will reduce our gross margins and may harm our business. Various governments and third-party payors are trying to contain or reduce the costs of health care through various means. We expect that there will continue to be a number of legislative proposals to implement government controls. The announcement of proposals or reforms could cause us to reduce the prices at which we market our drugs, which will reduce our gross margins and may harm our business.

If the current economic slowdown in the U.S. causes the economies of other countries, particularly those in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East to experience a slowdown or recession, our business will suffer.

     The U.S. is the world’s largest consumer and as such, the current economic slowdown in the U.S. may adversely affect the economies of other countries, including the developing countries in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East from which we derive essentially all of our revenues. If the economic conditions in the U.S. continue or worsen, these developing countries may also experience an economic slowdown or recession, which would likely result in a decrease of sales of ZADAXIN. Any decrease in sales of ZADAXIN would harm our operating results and cash flows and likely cause our stock price to decline.

The current geopolitical situation in the Middle East and other countries may cause our business to suffer.

     If the current geopolitical conditions in the Middle East and North Korea worsen resulting global developments would likely result in a decrease of sales of ZADAXIN. Any decrease in

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sales of ZADAXIN would harm our operating results, delay our efforts to achieve profitability, and likely cause our stock price to decline.

If the current war on terrorism causes economic slowdowns in the economies of or business disruptions in certain countries our business will suffer.

     The United States and its allied nations are aggressively attacking terrorism with military and economic actions. If these actions lead to economic slowdowns in the economies of developing countries in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East from which we currently derive essentially all of our product revenue, then our sales could decrease. In addition, our commercial product is manufactured in Europe and distributed by us from our operations in Hong Kong. Any disruption of our supply and distribution activities due to war or acts of terrorism could decrease our sales. Any decrease in sales would harm our operating results, delay our efforts to achieve profitability, and likely cause our stock price to decline.

If we lose key personnel or are unable to attract and retain additional, highly skilled personnel required for the expansion of our activities, our business will suffer.

     We are highly dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel because of the specialized, scientific and international nature of our business. There is intense competition for qualified management, scientific and technical personnel in the pharmaceutical industry, and we may not be able to attract and retain the qualified personnel we need to grow and develop our business globally. In addition, numerous key responsibilities at SciClone are assigned to a small number of individuals. If we were unable to attract and retain qualified personnel as needed or promptly replace those employees who are critical to our product development and commercialization, the development and commercialization of our products would be adversely affected. At this time, we do not maintain “key person” life insurance on any of our key personnel.

We may be subject to product liability lawsuits and our insurance may be inadequate to cover damages.

     Clinical trials or marketing of any of our current and potential products may expose us to liability claims from the use of these products. We currently carry product liability insurance. However, we cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain insurance on acceptable terms for clinical and commercial activities or that the insurance would be sufficient to cover any potential product liability claim or recall. If we fail to have sufficient coverage, our business, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Future changes in financial accounting standards may cause adverse unexpected revenue or expense fluctuations, affect our reported or future results of operations or impact our reported or future financial position.

     A change in accounting policies can have a significant effect on our reported results and may affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective. New pronouncements and varying interpretations of pronouncements have occurred with frequency and may occur in the future. Changes to existing rules or the questioning of current practices may adversely affect our reported financial results or financial position or the way we conduct our business. Specifically, legislative and other proposals could result in changes to accounting rules requiring us to account for employee stock options issued at market value as an expense. These

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and other potential changes could materially increase the expenses we report under generally accepted accounting principles, and adversely affect our operating results.

Compliance with legislative actions and changing regulations related to corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses including higher insurance costs.

     Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new SEC regulations and Nasdaq Stock Market rules, are creating increased requirements for companies such as ours and there may be additional regulatory rulings and changes. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, we intend to invest all reasonably necessary resources to comply with evolving standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. In addition, insurers have increased rates as a result of higher claims rates over the past year and may increase rates in future years. Our rates for our various insurance policies have increased significantly and may increase further in future years.

If we are unable to comply with environmental laws and regulations, our business may be harmed.

     We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. We currently maintain a supply of hazardous materials at our facilities. In the event of an accident, we could be liable for any damages that result, and the liability could exceed our resources. While we outsource our research and development programs involving the controlled use of biohazardous materials, if in the future we conduct these programs ourselves, we might be required to incur significant cost to comply with the environmental laws and regulations.

The price of our common stock has experienced substantial volatility and may fluctuate due to factors beyond our control.

     U.S. and global economies have weakened due to the effects and uncertainties caused by the events of September 2001 which may result in a decrease in our revenues and cause our stock price to decline. Further, high profile corporate governance and accounting problems and resulting corporate failures have eroded investor confidence. In the wake of these events, U.S. and global capital markets have experienced a period of extreme volatility, and this may continue for some time.

     In addition, there has been significant volatility in the market prices for publicly traded shares of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including ours. The following factors may have an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock: significant negative changes in the major equity market indices; announcements of technical or product developments by us or our competitors; governmental regulation; health care legislation; public announcements regarding advances in the treatment of the disease states that we are targeting; public announcements from government officials relating to the biotechnology or pharmaceutical industries; patent or proprietary rights developments; changes in third-party reimbursement

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policies for our products; and fluctuations in our operating results. We cannot assure you that the price of our common stock will remain at or exceed current levels.

Our indebtedness may result in future liquidity problems.

     As of March 31, 2003, we had $5,600,000 in convertible notes payable, $4,000,000 of which were issued in the quarter ended December 31, 2000 and $1,600,000 in the quarter ended March 31, 2001. This indebtedness, or additional debt we may incur to fund our operations, may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional financing. The outstanding notes are payable five years after issuance unless converted into common stock at the sole discretion of the holder. If we are unable to satisfy our debt service requirements, substantial liquidity problems could result which would negatively impact our future prospects. As of March 31, 2003 we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $17,585,000.

Substantial sales of our stock or convertible securities may impact the market price of our common stock.

     As of March 31, 2003, stock options for 5,036,760 shares of common stock were outstanding, of which options for 3,752,793 shares were exercisable. Also outstanding as of the same date were warrants exercisable for 1,570,500 shares of common stock at prices ranging from $2.25 to $7.00 per share and two issues of notes convertible into a total of 684,140 shares of common stock. In addition, the note holder has the right to purchase senior unsecured convertible notes due December 2005 and March 2006. If issued, the additional notes will bear no interest (zero coupon) and will be convertible into 684,140 shares of our common stock. Upon exercise of options or warrants, or conversion of the notes, these issued shares of common stock will be freely tradable.

     Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Similarly, if we raise additional funds through the issuance of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, the percentage ownership of our shareholders will be reduced and the price of our common stock may fall.

Issuing preferred stock with rights senior to those of our common stock could adversely affect holders of common stock.

     Our charter documents give our board of directors the authority to issue series of preferred stock without a vote or action by our shareholders. The board also has the authority to determine the terms of preferred stock, including price, preferences and voting rights. The rights of holders of our common stock may be adversely affected by the rights granted to holders of preferred stock. For example, a series of preferred stock may be granted the right to receive a liquidation preference — a pre-set distribution in the event of a liquidation — that would reduce the amount available for distribution to holders of common stock. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. As a result, common shareholders could be prevented from participating in transactions that would offer an optimal price for their shares.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we invest in highly liquid and high quality U.S. government and agency obligations. Our investments in U.S. government and agency obligations are subject to interest rate risk. To minimize the exposure due to an adverse shift in interest rates, we invest in short term securities and maintain an average maturity of less than one year. A hypothetical 60 basis point increase in interest rates would result in an approximate $92,518 decrease (0.6%) in fair value of our available-for-sale securities.

     The potential change noted above is based on sensitivity analyses performed on our financial position at March 31, 2003. Actual results may differ materially.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

     We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

     Our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, with the assistance of other members of our management, have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-14(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, within 90 days of the filing date of this report, and have concluded based on that evaluation that those disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Since the date of that evaluation, there have been no significant changes (including corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies or material weaknesses) in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect those controls.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Recent Sales of Equity Securities

     On January 21, 2003, the Company completed a direct placement to Defiante Farmaceutica L.d.A. and Aptafin S.p.A., affiliates of Sigma-Tau, in reliance upon Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The affiliates purchased 504,938 shares of SciClone’s common stock at $3.5648 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $1,800,000. The shares issued were restricted securities and Sigma-Tau and its affiliates are not permitted to sell any of the shares purchased in this private placement until January 24, 2004. Prior to this transaction, 400,000 warrants held by Sigma-Tau to purchase shares of SciClone’s common stock were cancelled.

Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

(a) Exhibits

     
Exhibit Number   Description

 
3(i).1(1)   Restated Articles of Incorporation.
     
3(i).2(2)   Certificate of Amendment of Restated Articles of Incorporation.
     
3(i).3(3)   Certificate of Determination.
     
3(i).4(4)   Certificate of Determination Regarding the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock.
     
3(ii).1(1)   Bylaws.
     
3(ii).2(2)   Certificate of Amendment of Bylaws.
     
4.1(3)   Rights Agreement dated as of July 25, 1997 between the Registrant and Chase Mellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C.
     
4.2(5)*   6% Convertible Note dated as of December 7, 2000 by the Registrant in favor of UBS AG, London Branch.
     
4.3(5)*   Option Agreement dated as of October 26, 2000 by and between the Registrant and UBS AG, London Branch.
     
4.4(5)*   Amendment No. 1 to Option Agreement dated as of December 19, 2000 by and between the Registrant and UBS AG, London Branch.
     
4.5(6)*   6% Convertible Note dated as of March 21, 2001 by the Company in favor of UBS AG, London Branch.
     
4.6(6)*   Option Agreement dated as of February 16, 2001 by and between the Company and UBS AG, London Branch.
     
4.7(6)*   Amendment No. 1 to Option Agreement dated as of March 21, 2001 by and between the Company and UBS AG, London Branch.
     
10.1(7)   Common Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and each of Defiante Farmaceutica L.d.A. and Aptafin S.p.A., dated as of Janaury 21, 2003.

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Exhibit Number   Description

 
99.1(8)   Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
 
99.2(8)   Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

*Certain information in this exhibit has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a confidential treatment request under 17 C.F.R. Sections 200.80(b)(4), 200.83 and 230.46.

(1)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-l (No. 33-45446), declared effective by the Commission on March 17, 1992.
 
(2)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-66832) filed with the Commission on August 3, 1993.
 
(3)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 14, 1997.
 
(4)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997.
 
(5)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000.
 
(6)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 15, 2001.
 
(7)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.
 
(8)   Filed herewith.
 
(b)   Reports on Form 8-K
 
    None.

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SIGNATURES

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
SCICLONE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Registrant)
         
Date:   May 9, 2003   /s/ Richard A. Waldron
       
        Richard A. Waldron
        Chief Financial Officer
        (Principal Financial & Accounting Officer)

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CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Donald R. Sellers, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the registrant);

2.     Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

c) presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

6.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

         
Date:   May 9, 2003   /s/ Donald R. Sellers
       
        Donald R. Sellers
        Chief Executive Officer

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CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Richard A. Waldron, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the registrant);

2.     Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared;

b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”); and

c) presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrant’s auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls; and

6.     The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

         
Date:   May 9, 2003   /s/ Richard A. Waldron
       
        Richard A. Waldron
        Chief Financial Officer
        (Principal Financial & Accounting Officer)

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

             
        Sequentially
Exhibit       Numbered
Number   Exhibit   Page

 
 
3(i).1(1)   Restated Articles of Incorporation  
       
3(i).2(2)   Certificate of Amendment of Restated Articles of Incorporation  
       
3(i).3(3)   Certificate of Determination  
       
3(i).4(4)   Certificate of Determination Regarding the terms of the Series C Preferred Stock  
       
3(ii).1(1)   Bylaws  
       
3(ii).2(2)   Certificate of Amendment of Bylaws  
       
4.1(3)   Rights Agreement dated as of July 25, 1997 between the Registrant and Chase Mellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C.  
       
4.2(5)*   6% Convertible Note dated as of December 7, 2000 by the Registrant in favor of UBS AG, London Branch  
       
4.3(5)*   Option Agreement dated as of October 26, 2000 by and between the Registrant and UBS AG, London Branch  
       
4.4(5)*   Amendment No. 1 to Option Agreement dated as of December 19, 2000 by and between the Registrant and UBS AG, London Branch  
       
4.5(6)*   6% Convertible Note dated as of March 21, 2001 by the Company in favor of UBS AG, London Branch  
       
4.6(6)*   Option Agreement dated as of February 16, 2001 by and between the Company and UBS AG, London Branch  
       
4.7(6)*   Amendment No. 1 to Option Agreement dated as of March 21, 2001 by and between the Company and UBS AG, London Branch  
       
10.1(7)   Common Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and each of Defiante Farmaceutica Ld.A. and Aptafin S.p.A., dated as of January 21, 2003.  
       
99.1(8)   Certification of Chief Executive Officer  
       
99.2(8)   Certification of Chief Financial Officer  

*Certain information in this exhibit has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a confidential treatment request under 17 C.F.R. Sections 200.80(b)(4), 200.83 and 230.46.

(1)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-l (No. 33-45446), declared effective by the Commission on March 17, 1992.
 
(2)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 33-66832) filed with the Commission on August 3, 1993.
 
(3)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 14, 1997.
 
(4)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997.

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(5)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000.
 
(6)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 15, 2001.
 
(7)   Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.
 
(8)   Filed herewith.

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