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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
     
[X]   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
    For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2003
     
    OR
     
[   ]   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
    For the transition period from      to      

Commission File Number 000-31523

IXIA

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     
California
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  95-4635982
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

26601 West Agoura Road, Calabasas, CA 91302
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(818) 871-1800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [X] No [   ]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
     
Common Stock
(Class of Common Stock)
  58,354,200
(Outstanding at August 6, 2003)

 




TABLE OF CONTENTS

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM 5. Other Information
ITEM 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
SIGNATURES
EXHIBIT 31.1
EXHIBIT 31.2
EXHIBIT 32.1


Table of Contents

IXIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
                         
                    Page Number
                   
PART I.   FINANCIAL INFORMATION        
    Item 1.   Financial Statements (unaudited)
       
            Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002
    3  
            Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002
    4  
            Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002
    5  
            Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
    6  
    Item 2.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    10  
    Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
    14  
    Item 4.   Controls and Procedures
    15  
PART II.   OTHER INFORMATION
       
    Item 4.   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
    15  
    Item 5.   Other Information
    16  
    Item 6.   Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
    16  
SIGNATURES
    17  

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IXIA
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands)

                     
        June 30,   December 31,
        2003   2002
       
 
        (unaudited)        
Assets
               
Current assets:
               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 61,548     $ 58,865  
 
Short-term investments in securities
    21,317       12,050  
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $311 and $161 as of June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively
    12,814       9,351  
 
Inventories
    5,890       5,121  
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    5,912       6,232  
 
   
     
 
   
Total current assets
    107,481       91,619  
Investments in securities
    45,524       51,306  
Property and equipment, net
    6,976       7,003  
Goodwill
    1,592       1,592  
Intangible assets, net
    3,805       4,030  
Other assets, net
    2,096       2,111  
 
   
     
 
   
Total assets
  $ 167,474     $ 157,661  
 
   
     
 
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
 
Accounts payable
  $ 1,345     $ 960  
 
Accrued expenses
    5,590       4,049  
 
Deferred revenues
    3,467       1,958  
 
Income taxes payable
    1,709       1,527  
 
   
     
 
   
Total liabilities
    12,111       8,494  
 
   
     
 
Shareholders’ equity:
               
 
Common stock, without par value; 200,000 shares authorized, 58,278 and 57,595 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, respectively
    80,177       79,206  
 
Additional paid-in capital
    46,517       47,045  
 
Deferred stock-based compensation
    (1,261 )     (3,036 )
 
Retained earnings
    29,930       25,952  
 
   
     
 
   
Total shareholders’ equity
    155,363       149,167  
 
   
     
 
   
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 167,474     $ 157,661  
 
   
     
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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IXIA
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

                                       
          Three months ended   Six months ended
          June 30,   June 30,
         
 
          2003   2002   2003   2002
         
 
 
 
Net revenues
  $ 20,036     $ 17,254     $ 38,849     $ 32,696  
Cost of revenues(1)
    3,773       3,382       7,082       6,360  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Gross profit
    16,263       13,872       31,767       26,336  
Operating expenses: (1)
                               
 
Research and development
    5,466       5,139       11,007       9,954  
 
Sales and marketing
    5,757       5,470       12,051       9,970  
 
General and administrative
    2,335       1,973       4,445       3,938  
 
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
    237       258       465       426  
 
   
     
     
     
 
     
Total operating expenses
    13,795       12,840       27,968       24,288  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Income from operations
    2,468       1,032       3,799       2,048  
Interest income, net
    818       740       1,613       1,379  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Income before income taxes
    3,286       1,772       5,412       3,427  
Income tax expense
    820       709       1,434       1,396  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Net income
  $ 2,466     $ 1,063     $ 3,978     $ 2,031  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Earnings per share:
                               
 
Basic
  $ 0.04     $ 0.02     $ 0.07     $ 0.04  
 
Diluted
  $ 0.04     $ 0.02     $ 0.07     $ 0.03  
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
                               
 
Basic
    58,007       56,747       57,820       56,491  
 
Diluted
    61,470       60,430       61,148       60,710  

                               
(1) Stock-based compensation included in:
                               
   
Cost of revenues
  $ 42     $ 102     $ 92     $ 240  
   
Research and development
    374       752       885       1,763  
   
Sales and marketing
    (258 )     391       (3 )     800  
   
General and administrative
    59       164       174       396  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
  $ 217     $ 1,409     $ 1,148     $ 3,199  
 
   
     
     
     
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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IXIA
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)

(unaudited)

                         
            Six months ended
            June 30,
           
            2003   2002
           
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
               
 
Net income
  $ 3,978     $ 2,031  
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
   
Depreciation and amortization
    2,278       2,460  
   
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
    465          
   
Provision for doubtful accounts
    150       (50 )
   
Stock-based compensation
    1,148       3,199  
   
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
     
Accounts receivable
    (3,613 )     (3,714 )
     
Inventories
    (769 )     (2,021 )
     
Income taxes receivable
          2,164  
     
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    320       293  
     
Other assets
    15       (119 )
     
Accounts payable
    385       662  
     
Accrued expenses
    1,541       109  
     
Deferred revenue
    1,509       87  
     
Income taxes payable
    281        
 
   
     
 
       
Net cash provided by operating activities
    7,688       5,101  
 
   
     
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
 
Purchases of property and equipment
    (2,491 )     (2,405 )
 
Purchases of investments
    (30,020 )     (68,340 )
 
Proceeds from redemption of investments
    26,535       8,247  
 
Payments in connection with acquisition
          (5,254 )
 
   
     
 
       
Cash used in investing activities
    (5,976 )     (67,752 )
 
   
     
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
    971       868  
 
   
     
 
       
Net cash provided by financing activities
    971       868  
 
   
     
 
       
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    2,683       (61,783 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    58,865       116,643  
 
   
     
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 61,548     $ 54,860  
 
   
     
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2003
(unaudited)

1. Business

     Ixia (the “Company”) was incorporated on May 27, 1997 as a California corporation. The Company develops, markets and sells high-speed, distributed, multiport traffic generators, and performance and conformance analyzers for wire-speed verification of optical networking equipment, LAN, MAN, WAN and SAN multi-layer switches and routers. Our customers include manufacturers of network equipment, Internet and network service providers, communications chip manufacturers and network users.

2. Basis of Presentation

     The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2003 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the current interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2003 or any other future period.

     These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.

3. Inventories

     Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

                 
    June 30,   December 31,
    2003   2002
   
 
Raw materials
  $ 1,219     $ 1,537  
Work in process
    1,038       1,332  
Finished goods
    3,633       2,252  
 
   
     
 
 
  $ 5,890     $ 5,121  
 
   
     
 

4. Stock-Based Compensation

     The Company accounts for its stock option plans in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and the related interpretations of FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock Compensation.” Accordingly, compensation expense related to employee stock options is recorded only if, on the date of the grant, the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price. The Company accounts for stock based awards issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other Than Employees.”

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

     The Company calculated the fair value of each option grant on the respective dates of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as prescribed by SFAS 123 using the following assumptions:

                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
   
 
    2003   2002   2003   2002
   
 
 
 
Expected lives (in years)
    4       5       3       5  
Risk-free interest rates
    2 %     3 %     2 %     3 %
Dividend yield
    0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %
Expected volatility
    110 %     110 %     110 %     110 %

     Certain stock options have been granted with exercise prices below the fair market value of the options on the date of grant. The following table illustrates the effect on stock-based compensation, net income and earnings per share on a pro forma basis as if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation (in thousands, except per share data):

                                   
      Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
      June 30,   June 30,
     
 
      2003   2002   2003   2002
     
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation:
                               
 
As reported
  $ 217     $ 1,409     $ 1,148     $ 3,199  
 
Additional stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair value method, net of income tax
    2,041       3,489       4,820       6,384  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Pro forma
  $ 2,258     $ 4,898     $ 5,968     $ 9,583  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Net income (loss):
                               
 
As reported
  $ 2,466     $ 1,063     $ 3,978     $ 2,031  
 
Additional stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair value method, net of income tax
    2,041       3,489       4,820       6,384  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
Pro forma
  $ 425     $ (2,426 )   $ (842 )   $ (4,353 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Basic net income (loss) per share:
                               
 
As reported
  $ 0.04     $ 0.02     $ 0.07     $ 0.04  
 
Pro forma
  $ 0.01     $ (0.04 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.08 )
Diluted net income (loss) per share:
                               
 
As reported
  $ 0.04     $ 0.02     $ 0.07     $ 0.03  
 
Pro forma
  $ 0.01     $ (0.04 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.08 )

5. Earnings per Share

     Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period.

     The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002 (in thousands, except per share data):

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

                                     
        Three months ended   Six months ended
        June 30,   June 30,
       
 
        2003   2002   2003   2002
       
 
 
 
Basic presentation
                               
Numerator:
                               
 
Net income
  $ 2,466     $ 1,063     $ 3,978     $ 2,031  
Denominator:
                               
 
Weighted average common shares
    58,035       56,850       57,857       56,604  
 
Adjustment for common shares subject to repurchase
    (28 )     (103 )     (37 )     (113 )
 
   
     
     
     
 
Denominator for basic calculation
    58,007       56,747       57,820       56,491  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 0.04     $ 0.02     $ 0.07     $ 0.04  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Diluted presentation
                               
Denominator:
                               
 
Shares used above
    58,007       56,747       57,820       56,491  
 
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
                               
   
Stock options and warrants
    3,435       3,580       3,291       4,106  
   
Common shares subject to repurchase
    28       103       37       113  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Denominator for diluted calculation
    61,470       60,430       61,148       60,710  
 
   
     
     
     
 
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.04     $ 0.02     $ 0.07     $ 0.03  
 
   
     
     
     
 

6. Concentrations

International Revenues:

     Net revenues from international product shipments were $4.7 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and $11.5 million and $7.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

Significant Customer:

     For the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, only one customer comprised more than 10% of net revenues as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

                                 
    Three months ended   Six months ended
    June 30,   June 30,
   
 
    2003   2002   2003   2002
   
 
 
 
Amount of net revenues
  $ 7,074     $ 6,856     $ 12,244     $ 11,672  
As a percentage of total net revenues
    35 %     40 %     32 %     36 %

     As of June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2002, the Company had receivable balances from the customer approximating 18% and 19%, respectively, of total accounts receivable.

7. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

     In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities.” SFAS 146 requires that a liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized and measured initially at fair value only when the liability is incurred. SFAS 146 is effective for exit or disposal

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IXIA

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. The adoption of SFAS 146 has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

     In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition Disclosure — an amendment of FAS 123.” This Statement amends SFAS 123 to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, this Statement amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The provisions of SFAS 148 are effective for financial statements for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002, and disclosure requirements are effective for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2002. The Company intends to continue to account for stock-based compensation to its employees and directors using the intrinsic value method prescribed by APB Opinion No. 25, and related interpretations. The Company started making certain disclosures required by SFAS 148 in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002. Accordingly, adoption of SFAS 148 will not impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

     In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.” SFAS 150 changes the accounting for certain financial instruments that under previous guidance issuers could account for as equity. It requires that those instruments be classified as liabilities in balance sheets. The guidance in SFAS 150 is generally effective for all financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective on July 1, 2003. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of SFAS 150 will have a material impact on its financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

8. Subsequent Event

     On July 7, 2003, the Company acquired the exclusive U.S. and Canadian distributor rights through December 31, 2004 and a perpetual license to the source code for the Chariot product line from NetIQ Corporation. These rights were acquired for $17.5 million, plus royalties on sales of existing Chariot products, subject to certain minimum royalty payments. Ixia has an option, exercisable from September 1, 2004 through January 15, 2005, to purchase the remaining assets of the Chariot business for $2.5 million.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2003, or of any other future period. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, including the “Risk Factors” section and the consolidated financial statements and notes included therein.

OVERVIEW

     We develop, market and sell high-speed, distributed, multiport traffic generators, and performance and conformance analyzers for wire-speed verification of optical networking equipment, LAN, MAN, WAN and SAN multi-layer switches and routers. Our products allow customers to generate network and Internet protocol traffic and analyze the performance, accuracy and reliability of equipment and systems that they either manufacture for sale to others or purchase for use in their own networks. Our network operations applications address the need to test networks prior to deployment under real load conditions with actual business application traffic. Our customers include manufacturers of network equipment, Internet and network service providers, communications chip manufacturers and network users.

     Our product offerings include a variety of interface cards, chassis that hold the interface cards and related software products. Our interface cards utilize a variety of interfaces — Packet Over SONET, BERT, Ethernet and USB. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our net revenues by principal product category in dollars and as a percentage of total net revenues:

                                                                 
    Three months ended   Six months ended
    June 30,   June 30,
   
 
    2003   2002   2003   2002
   
 
 
 
    (in thousands, except percentages)
Products
                                                               
Ethernet
  $ 14,105       70.4 %   $ 10,853       62.9 %   $ 26,212       67.5 %   $ 20,342       62.2 %
SONET
    2,010       10.0       3,382       19.6       3,779       9.7       6,847       21.0  
Software
    1,802       9.0       1,052       6.1       4,423       11.4       1,708       5.2  
Chassis and other products
    2,119       10.6       1,967       11.4       4,435       11.4       3,799       11.6  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total
  $ 20,036       100.0 %   $ 17,254       100.0 %   $ 38,849       100.0 %   $ 32,696       100.0 %
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 

     Sales to our five largest customers collectively accounted for approximately $11.4 million or 56.9% of our net revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and $9.8 million or 56.7% of our net revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002. Sales to our five largest customers collectively accounted for approximately $18.4 million or 47.3% of our net revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and $16.9 million or 51.8% of our net revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2002. To date, we have sold our systems primarily to network equipment manufacturers. While we expect that we will continue to have some customer concentration for the foreseeable future, we continue to sell our systems to a wide variety of customers and to the extent we develop a broader and more diverse customer base, we anticipate that our reliance on any one customer will diminish.

     Net Revenues. Our revenues consist primarily of hardware and software product sales. Our software products are primarily installed on and used in conjunction with our hardware products. Our software does not require significant modification or customization, and our sales do not involve any significant future obligations or customer acceptance terms. Accordingly, product revenue from product sales is recognized upon shipment. We warrant the hardware and software components of our products for up to one year after sale. At the time of sale we defer that portion of our revenues that relates to our post-contract support and recognize it ratably over the service period. Revenues from maintenance contracts are deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the contracts.

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     Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues consists of materials, payments to third party manufacturers, salaries and related expenses for manufacturing personnel and the warranty cost of hardware to be replaced during the warranty period. We outsource the majority of our manufacturing operations, and we conduct final assembly, supply chain management, quality assurance, documentation control and shipping at our facility. Accordingly, a significant portion of our cost of revenues consists of payments to our contract manufacturers. In addition, cost of revenues includes a non-cash component related to the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to manufacturing personnel.

     Gross Margins. Excluding the effects of stock-based compensation, the gross margins of our various interface cards have generally been consistent and have exceeded the gross margins of our chassis. In general, our gross margins are primarily affected by the following factors:

     •     the pricing we are able to obtain from our component suppliers and contract manufacturers;

     •     the mix of our products sold;

     •     new product introductions by us and by our competitors;

     •     production volume;

     •     changes in our pricing policies and those of our competitors;

     •     demand for our products; and

     •     the mix of sales channels through which our products are sold.

     Operating Expenses. We generally recognize our operating expenses as we incur them in three general operational categories: research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative. Our operating expenses also include a non-cash component related to the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative personnel.

     Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel and consulting costs related to the design, development, testing and enhancements of our systems. We expense our research and development costs as they are incurred. We also capitalize and depreciate over a two-year period some costs of our systems used for internal research and development purposes.

     Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions and related expenses for personnel engaged in sales and marketing and customer support functions, as well as costs associated with promotional and other marketing activities.

     General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for executive, finance, human resources, information technology and administrative personnel, as well as recruiting and professional fees, insurance costs and other general corporate expenses, including rent.

     Deferred stock-based compensation represents the difference between the deemed fair value of our common stock for accounting purposes and (1) the exercise price of the options and warrants at the date of grant or (2) the purchase price of the restricted stock. At the date of grant, deferred stock-based compensation is presented as a reduction of shareholders’ equity, with amortization recorded over the vesting period, which is typically four years. Deferred stock-based compensation at June 30, 2003 decreased from deferred stock-based compensation at March 31, 2003 by $135,000 and from December 31, 2002 by $186,000 as a result of the forfeiture of stock options. Deferred stock-based compensation at June 30, 2002 decreased from deferred stock-based compensation at March 31, 2002 by $146,000 and from December 31, 2001 by $369,000 as a result of the forfeiture of stock options and changes in the market value of the Company’s common stock that affected certain equity instruments which receive variable accounting treatment. We amortized to the respective expense categories $217,000 of deferred stock-based compensation in the three months ended June 30, 2003 and $1.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2002. We amortized to the respective expense categories $1.1 million of deferred stock-based compensation in the six

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months ended June 30, 2003 and $3.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2002. Based on the unvested options, warrants and stock subject to repurchase as of June 30, 2003, we expect to record additional stock-based compensation expense relating to deferred stock-based compensation approximately as follows: $834,000 during the remaining six months of 2003 and $427,000 during 2004. The amount of deferred stock-based compensation expense to be recorded in future periods could decrease if options and stock subject to repurchase for which unearned compensation has been recorded are forfeited or repurchased.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     The following table sets forth certain statement of operations data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated:

                                       
          Three months ended   Six months ended
          June 30,   June 30,
         
 
          2003   2002   2003   2002
         
 
 
 
Net revenues
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
Cost of revenues(1)
    18.8       19.6       18.2       19.5  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Gross profit
    81.2       80.4       81.8       80.5  
Operating expenses: (1)
                               
 
Research and development
    27.3       29.8       28.3       30.4  
 
Sales and marketing
    28.7       31.7       31.0       30.5  
 
General and administrative
    11.7       11.4       11.5       12.0  
 
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
    1.2       1.5       1.2       1.3  
 
   
     
     
     
 
     
Total operating expenses
    68.9       74.4       72.0       74.2  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Income from operations
    12.3       6.0       9.8       6.3  
Interest income, net
    4.1       4.3       4.1       4.2  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Income before income taxes
    16.4       10.3       13.9       10.5  
Income tax expense
    4.1       4.1       3.7       4.3  
 
   
     
     
     
 
   
Net income
    12.3 %     6.2 %     10.2 %     6.2 %
 
   
     
     
     
 

                               
(1) Stock-based compensation included in:
                               
   
Cost of revenues
    0.2 %     0.6 %     0.2 %     0.7 %
   
Research and development
    1.9       4.4       2.3       5.4  
   
Sales and marketing
    (1.3 )     2.3       0.0       2.5  
   
General and administrative
    0.3       0.9       0.5       1.2  
 
   
     
     
     
 
 
    1.1 %     8.2 %     3.0 %     9.8 %
 
   
     
     
     
 

Comparison of Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2003 and 2002

     Net Revenues. In the second quarter of 2003, net revenues increased 16.1% to $20.0 million from the $17.3 million recorded in the second quarter of 2002. For the first six months of 2003, net revenues increased 18.8% to $38.8 million from the $32.7 million recorded in the first six months of 2002. These increases were primarily related to the introduction of new product lines and sales to new customers.

     Gross Profit. In the second quarter of 2003, gross profit increased 17.2% to $16.3 million from the $13.9 million recorded in the second quarter of 2002. For the first six months of 2003, gross profit increased 20.6% to $31.8 million from the $26.3 million recorded in the first six months of 2002. Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues increased in the second quarter of 2003 to 81.2% from 80.4% for the second quarter of 2002. For the first six months of 2003, gross profit as a percentage of net revenues increased to 81.8% from 80.5% in the first six months of 2002. These increases in the gross profit percentages were primarily a result of an increase in sales of

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high margin software products during the first half of 2003, and to a lesser extent, decreasing component costs, as compared to such sales and costs during the first half of 2002.

     Research and Development Expenses. In the second quarter of 2003, research and development expenses increased 6.4% to $5.5 million from the $5.1 million recorded in the second quarter of 2002. For the first six months of 2003, research and development expenses increased 10.6% to $11.0 million from the $10.0 million recorded in the first six months of 2002. These increases were primarily a result of higher compensation and related benefit costs due to the addition of engineering personnel through internal hiring and acquisitions, the use of third party consultants and an increase in the amount of depreciation expense related to assets associated with new product development. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to individuals engaged in research and development activities.

     Sales and Marketing Expenses. In the second quarter of 2003, sales and marketing expenses increased 5.2% to $5.8 million from the $5.5 million recorded in the second quarter of 2002. For the first six months of 2003, sales and marketing expenses increase 20.9% to $12.1 million from the $10.0 million recorded in the first six months of 2002. These increases were primarily a result of an increase in commissions paid to sales representatives and direct sales employees as a result of increased sales, and compensation and related benefit costs as a result of increases in the number of direct sales and marketing personnel. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to individuals engaged in sales and marketing activities.

     General and Administrative Expenses. In the second quarter of 2003, general and administrative expenses increased 18.3% to $2.3 million from the $2.0 million recorded in the second quarter of 2002. For the first six months of 2003, general and administrative expenses increased 12.9% to $4.4 million from the $3.9 million recorded in the first six months of 2002. These increases were primarily a result of increases in insurance expense and additional compensation and related benefits costs as a result of a modest increase in the number of general and administrative employees. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation related to individuals engaged in general and administrative activities.

     Amortization of Purchased Intangible Assets. In the second quarter of 2003, amortization of purchased intangible assets decreased to $237,000 from the $258,000 recorded in the second quarter of 2002. This decrease was a result of reducing the amount of amortizable intangible assets by $1.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2002 related to the impairment of intangible assets associated with the October 2001 acquisition of Caimis, Inc. For the first six months of 2003, amortization of purchased intangible assets increased to $465,000 from the $426,000 recorded in the first six months of 2002. This increase was a result of our acquisition of the assets of the ANVL product line from Empirix, Inc. in February of 2002.

     Interest Income, Net. Net interest income increased to $818,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2003 from the $740,000 recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2002. For the first six months of 2003, net interest income increased to $1.6 million from the $1.4 million recorded in the first six months of 2002. These increases were primarily the result of our holding more marketable securities during the first half of 2003 as compared to the first half of 2002. We incurred minimal interest expense in the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002.

     Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense increased to $820,000, or an effective rate of 25.0%, for the three months ended June 30, 2003 from $709,000, or an effective rate of 40.0%, for the three months ended June 30, 2002. Income tax expense increased to $1.4 million, or an effective rate of 26.5%, for the first six months of 2003 from $1.4 million, or an effective rate of 40.7%, for the first six months of 2002. The differences between the effective rates and the statutory rates were primarily due to the impact of non-deductible stock-based compensation charges, the timing of deduction of certain deductible stock-based compensation charges and research and development credits.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

     Net cash provided by operating activities was $7.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2003 and $5.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2002. Net cash generated from operations in the six months ended June 30,

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2003 and 2002 was primarily provided by net income adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in working capital requirements.

     Cash used in investing activities was $6.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2003 and $67.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2002. For the six months ended June 30, 2003, cash used in investing activities consisted of $3.5 million for the net purchases of investment securities and $2.5 million for the acquisition of property and equipment. For the six months ended June 30, 2002, cash used in investing activities consisted of $60.1 million for the net purchases of investment securities, $5.3 million in connection with the acquisition of the assets of the ANVL product line from Empirix, Inc. and $2.4 million for the acquisition of property and equipment.

     Financing activities provided net cash of $971,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2003 and $868,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2002. Financing activities consisted exclusively of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

     As of June 30, 2003, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures. We believe that our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, investments and cash flows expected to be generated from our operations will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months, although we could elect to seek additional funding prior to that time. Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the growth rate of our net revenues, our profitability, our capital expenditures, working capital requirements, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts and the expansion of our sales, marketing and technical support efforts.

SAFE HARBOR UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995:

     Statements that are not historical facts in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of this Quarterly Report may be deemed to be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and are subject to the safe harbor created by that Section. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “potential” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performances or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements and include, among other things: the current global economic slowdown in general and decreasing capital availability and investment in the telecommunications and data communications industries in particular, consistency of orders from significant customers, our success in exploiting the rights acquired from NetIQ Corporation with respect to the Chariot product, the timing of new product releases, our success in developing and producing new products and market acceptance of our products. Many of these risks and uncertainties are outside of our control and are difficult for us to forecast or mitigate. Factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements include the risks and other factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” and other sections of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Exchange Act.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Sensitivity

     The primary objective of our investment activities is to maintain the safety of principal and preserve liquidity while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities that we have invested in may be subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a variety of securities, including commercial paper, government debt securities, corporate debt securities and money market funds. We do not use any derivatives or similar instruments to manage our interest rate

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risk. The Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. Currently, the carrying amount of these securities approximates fair market value. However, the fair market value of these securities is subject to interest rate risk and would decline in value if market interest rates increased. If market interest rates were to increase immediately and uniformly by 10% from the levels as of June 30, 2003, the decline in the fair market value of the portfolio would not be material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Exchange Rate Sensitivity

     Currently the majority of our sales and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars and, as a result, we have not experienced significant foreign exchange gains and losses to date. While we conducted some transactions in foreign currencies during the six months ended June 30, 2003 and expect to continue to do so, we do not anticipate that foreign exchange gains or losses will be significant. We have not engaged in foreign currency hedging to date, but we may do so in the future.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

     (a)  Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

     As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness, as of the end of the fiscal quarter covered by this report, of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rule 13a-14 promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of such fiscal quarter, were adequate and effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

     (b)  Changes in Internal Controls

     There have been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting or in other factors that could significantly affect our internal controls over financial reporting subsequent to the date of the evaluation referred to above.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

        (a)    On May 9, 2003, the Company held its 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Annual Meeting”).
 
        (b)    At the Annual Meeting, the following persons were elected as directors of the Company. The numbers of votes cast for each director, as well as the number of votes withheld, are listed opposite each director’s name.

                 
Name of Director Votes Cast for Director Votes Withheld



Jean-Claude Asscher
    47,235,692       6,673,051  
Massoud Entekhabi
    53,452,337       456,406  
Errol Ginsberg
    29,226,167       4,682,576  
Howard Oringer
    51,634,104       2,274,639  
Jon F. Rager
    46,796,459       7,112,284  

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        (c)    At the Annual Meeting, with 38,264,593 votes cast in favor and 9,983,978 votes cast against, the shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s 1997 Stock Option Plan increasing the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance thereunder by 4,500,000. There were 660 abstentions and 5,659,512 broker nonvotes with respect to this matter.
 
        (d)    At the Annual Meeting, with 53,395,975 votes cast in favor and 511,698 votes cast against, the shareholders ratified the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as independent accountants of the Company for the year ending December 31, 2003. There were 1,070 abstentions with respect to this matter.

ITEM 5. Other Information

     Our policy governing transactions in our securities by our directors, officers and employees permits such persons to adopt stock trading plans pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our President and Chief Executive Officer, Errol Ginsberg, has informed us that his affiliated family trust has adopted a Rule 10b5-1 stock trading plan pursuant to which the trust has made or will make periodic sales of our Common Stock in accordance with the terms and conditions of the plan. We anticipate that from time to time in the future, other directors, officers and employees may establish such stock trading plans. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise our disclosure regarding such plans and specifically do not undertake to disclose the amendment, termination or expiration of any such plans.

ITEM 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

        (a)    Exhibits

     
10.1   Amendment No. 6, dated March 18, 2003, to Ixia 1997 Stock Option Plan()
10.2   Amendment No. 1, dated May 9, 2003, to Ixia Employee Stock Purchase Plan(1)
31.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Ixia pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Ixia pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1   Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Ixia pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

        (b)    Reports on Form 8-K.

     Ixia filed a Current Report on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 17, 2003 with respect to its issuance of a press release announcing Ixia’s financial results for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2003 (furnished under Item 9 of Form 8-K).


(1)   Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-107818) filed with the Commission on August 8, 2003.

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SIGNATURES

     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
     
  IXIA
     
Date: August 13, 2003 By:    /s/ Errol Ginsberg
   
    Errol Ginsberg
President and Chief Executive Officer
         
Date: August 13, 2003 By:    /s/ Thomas B. Miller
   
    Thomas B. Miller
Chief Financial Officer

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