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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____________ to ____________
Commission file number 0-25678
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 06-1340090
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer
incorporation or organization) identification number)
20415 Nordhoff Street
Chatsworth, California 91311
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Issuer's telephone number: (818) 773-0900
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: Common Stock,
$0.0017 par value
Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section
13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Check if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation
S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
State the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates
computed by reference to the price at which the stock was sold, or the average
bid and asked prices of such stock, as of a specified date within the past 60
days: $433,597,540 based on the closing sale price at March 29, 2001 as reported
by The Nasdaq National Market.
State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common
equity, as of the latest practicable date: 74,634,001 at March 31, 2001.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
None
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The Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements.
These statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause
actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include,
but are not limited to, those discussed in the Section under Item 1 -
Description of Business - Risk Factors.
Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements,
which reflect management's view only as of the date of this Report. The Company
undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to
reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Readers should also carefully review
the risk factors described in other documents the Company files from time to
time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
PART I
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
MRV Communications, Inc. creates, acquires, finances and operates
companies, and through them, designs, develops, manufactures and markets
products, which enable high-speed broadband communications. We concentrate on
companies and products devoted to optical components and Internet infrastructure
systems. We have leveraged our early experience in fiber optic technology into a
number of well-focused operating units specializing in advanced fiber optic
components, switching, routing, transaction management and wireless optical
transmission systems which we have created, financed or acquired.
Our principal operating units that constituted wholly or majority owned
subsidiaries at December 31, 2000 were:
- LUMINENT, INC. Luminent designs, manufactures and sells a comprehensive
line of singlemode active and passive fiber optic components for
high-capacity data transmission in the metropolitan and access markets.
Leading network equipment manufacturers rely on Luminent to provide
technical depth, responsive customer service and volume manufacturing to
meet the increasing requirements for transmission capacity and speed
between nationwide telecommunications networks and end users.
In November 2000, Luminent completed an initial public offering of its
common stock, selling 12,000,000 shares at $12 per share and raising net
proceeds of approximately $132.3 million. At December 31, 2000, we owned
92% of the outstanding capital stock of Luminent. We have announced
plans to distribute all of our shares of Luminent common stock to our
stockholders on the later of three months after the receipt of a
favorable private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or six
months after this offering, although we are not obligated to do so.
- OPTICAL ACCESS, INC. Optical Access designs, manufactures and markets
optical wireless products that enable the delivery of high-speed
communications traffic to the portion of the communications network
commonly known as the last mile, which extends from the end user to the
service provider's central office. Optical Access' solutions to the
last-mile bottleneck bypass the incumbent carrier's copper access
network with a comprehensive, integrated access solution,
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using optical wireless technology. The building blocks of Optical
Access' solution include the TereScope(TM), for optical wireless links,
and the OptiSwitch(TM), for switching, provisioning and mesh enabling.
At December 31, 2000, we owned all of the outstanding capital stock of
Optical Access. On October 6, 2000, Optical Access filed a registration
statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the
initial public offering of its common stock, which has not yet become
effective. Optical Access' common stock may not be sold nor may offers
to buy be accepted, prior to the time the registration statement becomes
effective.
- CESCOMM, INC. CEScomm (formerly Creative Electronic Systems SA or CES)
is developing and providing equipment to manufacturers of cellular
network infrastructure equipment and mobile operators and service
providers for the third generation of wireless solutions commonly known
as 3G. 3G is the generic term used for the next generation of mobile
communications systems. These new systems provide enhanced services to
those available today i.e., voice, text and data. CEScomm specializes in
products that provide the real-time conversion of radio signals
generated by Internet ready mobile devices into asynchronous transfer
mode, or ATM, traffic streams. At December 31, 2000, we owned all of the
outstanding capital stock of CEScomm.
- ITOUCH COMMUNICATIONS, INC. iTouch Communications, Inc. provides
next-generation Internet infrastructure solutions that enable service
providers and carriers to deliver and monitor, on a real-time basis,
high-speed Internet services. iTouch's products combine transaction
management with Internet protocol, or IP, routing and wide-area network,
or WAN, technologies, which allow for faster development of feature rich
high-speed data acquisition and management systems. At December 31,
2000, we owned all of the outstanding capital stock of iTouch.
- NBASE-XYPLEX, INC. NBase-Xyplex provides products and services, such as
the Fiber Driver, to enhance network infrastructures for city carriers,
service providers, cable operators and campus and enterprise networks.
Its products and technologies have been utilized in metropolitan area
fiber-based networks, enabling smart access to the WAN, as well as in
local area network, or LAN, switching, building enterprise/corporate
data networks. At December 31, 2000, we owned all of the outstanding
capital stock of Nbase-Xyplex.
Our development stage companies which we founded or have invested in as
of December 31, 2000 were:
- CHARLOTTE'S NETWORKS, INC. Charlotte's Networks is a start-up company
that is developing a core router for large service providers and
carriers. The Aranea core router is Charlotte's first product. The
Aranea router is capable of carrying both IP packets and time-division
multiplexing, or TDM, voice traffic and enables the current WAN to grow
in high orders of magnitude both in processing power and rate of
transmission. In addition, the router provides multi-services required
by telecommunication companies for efficient and flexible transmission
of voice over data networks. At December 31, 2000, we owned
approximately 53% of the outstanding capital stock of Charlotte's
Networks on a fully diluted basis.
- ZUMA NETWORKS, INC. Zuma Networks is a startup company that is
developing a next generation Gigabit Ethernet switch router platform. At
December 31, 2000, we owned all of the outstanding capital stock of Zuma
Networks.
- OPTICAL CROSSING INC. Optical Crossing designs, develops and
manufactures advanced fiber optic communication components and systems
for the telecommunications industry. At December 31, 2000, we owned
approximately 60% of the outstanding capital stock of Optical Crossing
on a fully diluted basis.
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- ZAFFIRE, INC. Zaffire is focused on developing a next-generation,
optical services networking system for service providers. At December
31, 2000, we owned approximately 22% of the outstanding capital stock of
Zaffire on a fully diluted basis.
- REDC OPTICAL NETWORKS, INC. RedC has developed a complete line of
optical modules used for operating, monitoring and protecting optical
networks including: optical amplifiers, add/drop modules, protection and
restoration modules and dense wave division multiplexing, or DWDM,
monitoring. At December 31, 2000, we owned approximately 35% of the
outstanding capital stock of RedC on a fully diluted basis.
- HYPERCHANNEL LTD. Hyperchannel, which does business under its trademark
Hyporium is an independent Internet market maker for the information
technology, or IT, industry, enabling IT vendors, distributors and
resellers to trade online. Hyporium offers an alternative route to
market through an online trading hub and reseller web storefronts. At
December 31, 2000, we owned approximately 42% of the outstanding capital
stock of Hyperchannel on a fully diluted basis.
Our principal executive offices are located at 20415 Nordhoff Street,
Chatsworth, California 91311 and our telephone number is (818) 773-0900. We
maintain a website at http://www.mrv.com and that website links to certain of
our wholly and majority owned subsidiaries and key technology companies.
Information contained in our Web site or those of any of our affiliates are not
to be considered part of this Report.
BACKGROUND
We were organized in July 1988 as MRV Technologies, Inc., a California
corporation and reincorporated in Delaware in April 1992, at which time we
changed our name to MRV Communications, Inc. Our initial focus was in the
design, manufacture and marketing of semiconductor laser diodes, LEDs, and
fiber optic transmitting and receiving modules for the transmission of large
amounts of information at high speeds over long distances and LAN switching
products for the computer networking industry. From 1995 to 1998, we made
several acquisitions involving companies making networking equipment, including:
- in 1995 of certain assets and the distribution businesses of Galcom
Networking, Ltd. and Ace 400 Communications Ltd, both network equipment
companies located in Israel, which provided us with experienced
personnel and technology for the networking markets;
- in 1996 certain of the liabilities and assets of Fibronics Ltd. and its
subsidiaries, including its technology in progress and existing
technology, its marketing channels, its GigaHub family of computer
networking products and other rights, relating to Fibronics' computer
networking and telecommunications businesses in Germany, the United
States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Israel, enabling us to
enhance the development of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet functions,
to offer a broader range of networking products and to benefit from
combined distribution channels and sales in both the United States and
Europe and greater product development capability; and
- in 1998 of the outstanding capital stock of the entity owning the
outstanding capital stock of Xyplex, Inc., a leading provider of access
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solutions between enterprise networks and wide area network and/or
Internet service providers, or ISPs. This acquisition enabled us to
expand our product lines with products that had WAN and remote access
capabilities, permitting us to offer these solutions not only to our own
existing base of customers, but also to the customer base added by
Xyplex. The acquisition of Xyplex (now known as iTouch Communications)
also increased our sales force, distribution channels and customer
support and service capabilities.
During 2000, we completed several strategic acquisitions. These
acquisitions were made to expand our product offering, enhance our technological
expertise and expand our manufacturing capabilities. The table below summarizes
our more notable acquisitions in that year.
Date of Total Form of Consideration
Acquired Company Acquisition Consideration and Other Notes to Acquisition
---------------- ----------- ------------- ------------------------------
Fiber Optic Communications, Inc. April 24, 2000 $310.4 million $48.6 million in cash and 5.4 million
shares of common stock and options
issued; approximately 97% of capital
stock assumed; goodwill recorded of
$261.6 million; deferred stock
compensation recorded of $14.1 million
Jolt Limited May 1, 2000 $57.7 million 1.9 million shares of common stock and
options issued; 100% of capital stock
assumed; goodwill recorded of $33.7
million; deferred stock compensation
recorded of $25.0 million
Quantum Optech Inc. July 12, 2000 $36.2 million 1.2 million shares of common stock and
options issued; 100% of capital stock
assumed; goodwill recorded of $27.9;
deferred stock compensation recorded of
$2.7 million
AstroTerra Corporation July 12, 2000 $160.3 million 2.4 million shares of common stock and
options issued; 100% of capital stock
assumed; goodwill recorded of $108.3
million; deferred stock compensation
recorded of $50.0 million
Optronics International Corp. July 21, 2000 $124.3 million 4.2 million shares of common stock and
options issued; approximately 99% of
capital stock assumed; goodwill
recorded of $99.5 million; deferred
stock compensation recorded of $13.4
million
Each of these acquisitions was accounted for using the purchase method and
therefore, the results of operations of the acquired businesses have been
included in our consolidated financial statements from the respective dates of
acquisition.
Fiber Optic Communications is a Taiwanese manufacturer of passive fiber
optic components for wavelength division multiplexing and has facilities in both
Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. Quantum Optech is a Taiwanese
manufacturer of passive fiber optic components specializing in
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developing and manufacturing optical thin film coating and filters for dense
wavelength division multiplexing. Optronics International is a Taiwanese
manufacturer of active fiber optic components focused on developing and
manufacturing high temperature semiconductor lasers, transceivers and detectors
for optical networks. Fiber Optic Communications, Quantum Optech and Optronics
International were acquired and contributed to Luminent in September 2000 as
part of our plan to complete an initial public offering of our fiber optics
components business and eventually spin-off this business to our stockholders.
AstroTerra develops and manufactures free-space optical wireless
communication systems to connect data and telecommunications networks. Jolt
develops and manufactures multi-port wireless optics communications equipment.
These acquisitions provided strategic components and technology for Optical
Access' wireless optical solution. AstroTerra and Jolt were acquired and will be
contributed to our subsidiary, Optical Access, as part of part of our plan to
complete an initial public offering of our business which focuses on optical
wireless products that deliver high-speed communications traffic to the
so-called last mile portion of the communications network and eventually
spin-off this business to our stockholders.
RISK FACTORS
From time to time we may make written or oral forward-looking
statements. Written forward-looking statements may appear in documents filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in press releases, and in reports
to stockholders. The Private Securities Reform Act of 1995 contains a safe
harbor for forward-looking statements on which the Company relies in making such
disclosures. In connection with this "safe harbor" we are hereby identifying
important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from
those contained in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the
Company. Any such statement is qualified by reference to the following
cautionary statements:
WE INCURRED A NET LOSS IN THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000, PRIMARILY AS A
RESULT OF THE AMORTIZATION OF GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES AND DEFERRED
COMPENSATION CHARGES FROM RECENT ACQUISITIONS. WE EXPECT TO CONTINUE TO INCUR
NET LOSSES FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE.
We reported a net loss of $153.0 million for the year ended December 31,
2000. A major contributing factor to the net loss was due to amortization of
goodwill and deferred stock compensation related to the acquisitions of Fiber
Optic Communications, Jolt, Quantum Optech, AstroTerra and Optronics and our
employment arrangements with Luminent's President and Chief Financial Officer.
We will continue to record amortization of goodwill and deferred stock
compensation relating to these acquisitions and our employment arrangements with
Luminent's executives going forward. As a consequence of this amortization of
goodwill and deferred stock compensation charges, we do not expect to report net
income in the foreseeable future.
OUR MARKETS ARE SUBJECT TO RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND TO COMPETE
EFFECTIVELY, WE MUST CONTINUALLY INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS THAT ACHIEVE MARKET
ACCEPTANCE.
The markets for our products are characterized by rapid technological
change, frequent new product introductions, changes in customer requirements and
evolving industry standards. We expect that new technologies will emerge as
competition and the need for higher and more cost effective transmission
capacity, or bandwidth, increases. Our future performance will depend on the
successful development, introduction and market acceptance of new and enhanced
products that address these changes as well as current and potential customer
requirements. The introduction of new and enhanced products may cause our
customers to defer or cancel orders for existing products. We have in the past
experienced delays in product development and such delays may occur in the
future. Therefore, to the extent customers defer or cancel orders in the
expectation of a new product release or there is any delay in development or
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introduction of our new products or enhancements of our products, our operating
results would suffer. We also may not be able to develop the underlying core
technologies necessary to create new products and enhancements, or to license
these technologies from third parties. Product development delays may result
from numerous factors, including:
- changing product specifications and customer requirements;
- difficulties in hiring and retaining necessary technical personnel;
- difficulties in reallocating engineering resources and overcoming
resource limitations;
- difficulties with contract manufacturers;
- changing market or competitive product requirements; and
- unanticipated engineering complexities.
The development of new, technologically advanced products is a complex
and uncertain process requiring high levels of innovation and highly skilled
engineering and development personnel, as well as the accurate anticipation of
technological and market trends. In order to compete, we must be able to deliver
products to customers that are highly reliable, operate with its existing
equipment, lower the customer's costs of acquisition, installation and
maintenance, and provide an overall cost-effective solution. We cannot assure
you that we will be able to identify, develop, manufacture, market or support
new or enhanced products successfully, if at all, or on a timely basis. Further,
we cannot assure you that our new products will gain market acceptance or that
we will be able to respond effectively to product announcements by competitors,
technological changes or emerging industry standards. Any failure to respond to
technological change would significantly harm our business.
DEFECTS IN OUR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THEIR COMPLEXITY OR OTHERWISE COULD HURT
OUR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE.
Complex products, such as those our companies and we offer, may contain
undetected software or hardware errors when we first introduce them or when we
release new versions. The occurrence of such errors in the future, and our
inability to correct such errors quickly or at all, could result in the delay or
loss of market acceptance of our products. It could also result in material
warranty expense, diversion of engineering and other resources from our product
development efforts and the loss of credibility with our customers, system
integrators and end users. Any of these or other eventualities resulting from
defects in our products could have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results and financial condition.
OUR GROWTH RATE MAY BE LOWER THAN HISTORICAL LEVELS AND OUR RESULTS COULD
FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY FROM QUARTER TO QUARTER.
Our revenues may grow at a slower rate in the future than we have
experienced in previous periods and, on a quarter-to-quarter basis, our growth
in revenue may be significantly lower than our historical quarterly growth
rates. Our operating results for a particular quarter are extremely difficult to
predict. Our revenue and operating results could fluctuate substantially from
quarter to quarter and from year to year. This could result from any one or a
combination of factors such as
- the cancellation or postponement of orders,
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- the timing and amount of significant orders from our largest customers,
- our success in developing, introducing and shipping product enhancements
and new products,
- the mix of products we sell,
- adverse effects to our financial statements resulting from, or
necessitated by, past and future acquisitions or deferred compensation
charges,
- new product introductions by our competitors,
- pricing actions by our competitors or us,
- the timing of delivery and availability of components from suppliers,
- changes in material costs, and
- general economic conditions.
Moreover, the volume and timing of orders we receive during a quarter are
difficult to forecast. From time to time, our customers encounter uncertain and
changing demand for their products. Customers generally order based on their
forecasts. If demand falls below such forecasts or if customers do not control
inventories effectively, they may cancel or reschedule shipments previously
ordered from us. Our expense levels during any particular period are based, in
part, on expectations of future sales. If sales in a particular quarter do not
meet expectations, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.
We can give no assurance that these factors or others, such as those discussed
below regarding the risks we face from our international operations or the risks
discussed immediately below, would not cause future fluctuations in operating
results. Further, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue
profitable operations.
THE LONG SALES CYCLES FOR OUR PRODUCTS MAY CAUSE REVENUES AND OPERATING RESULTS
TO VARY FROM QUARTER TO QUARTER, WHICH COULD CAUSE VOLATILITY IN OUR STOCK
PRICE.
The timing of our revenue is difficult to predict because of the length
and variability of the sales and implementation cycles for our products. We do
not recognize revenue until a product has been shipped to a customer, all
significant vendor obligations have been performed and collection is considered
probable. Customers often view the purchase of our products as a significant and
strategic decision. As a result, customers typically expend significant effort
in evaluating, testing and qualifying our products and our manufacturing
process. This customer evaluation and qualification process frequently results
in a lengthy initial sales cycle of, depending on the products, many months or
more. In addition, some of our customers require that our products be subjected
to life-time and reliability testing, which also can take months or more. While
our customers are evaluating our products and before they place an order with
us, we may incur substantial sales and marketing and research and development
expenses to customize our products to the customer's needs. We may also expend
significant management efforts, increase manufacturing capacity and order long
lead-time components or materials prior to receiving an order. Even after this
evaluation process, a potential customer may not purchase our products. Even
after acceptance of orders, our customers often change the scheduled delivery
dates of their orders. Because of the evolving nature of the optical networking
and network infrastructure markets, we cannot predict the length of these sales,
development or delivery cycles. As a result, these long sales cycles may cause
our net sales and operating results to vary significantly and unexpectedly from
quarter-to-quarter, which could cause volatility in our stock price.
MACROECONOMIC FACTORS COULD NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR GROWTH PLAN.
Macroeconomic factors, such as an economic slowdown in the U.S. and
abroad, could detrimentally impact demand for communication products, thereby
resulting in reduced demand for optical components in general. These factors
could negatively affect our ability to execute our growth plan.
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As a result of recent unfavorable economic conditions and reduced
capital spending, sales to service providers, network equipment companies,
e-commerce and Internet businesses, and the manufacturing industry in the United
States, were impacted during the last quarter of 2000 and appear to be similarly
impacted in the first quarter of 2001. Announcements by industry participants
and observers indicate there is a slowdown in industry spending and participants
are seeking to reduce existing inventories. If the economic conditions in the
United States worsen generally or in the fiber optics and networking equipment
businesses particularly, or if a wider or global economic slowdown occurs, we
may experience a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and
financial condition.
THE PRICES OF OUR SHARES MAY CONTINUE TO BE HIGHLY VOLATILE.
Historically, the market price of our shares has been extremely
volatile. The market price of our common stock is likely to continue to be
highly volatile and could be significantly affected by factors such as
- actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results,
- announcements of technological innovations or new product introductions
by us or our competitors,
- changes of estimates of our future operating results by securities
analysts,
- developments with respect to patents, copyrights or proprietary rights,
and
- general market conditions and other factors.
In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume
fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices for the common
stocks of technology companies in particular, and that have been unrelated to
the operating performance of these companies. These factors, as well as general
economic and political conditions, may materially adversely affect the market
price of our common stock in the future. Similarly, the failure by our
competitors or customers to meet or exceed the results expected by their
analysts or investors could have a ripple effect on us and cause our stock price
to decline. Additionally, volatility or a lack of positive performance in our
stock price may adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, all of who
have been granted stock options.
OUR STOCK PRICE MIGHT SUFFER AS A CONSEQUENCE OF OUR INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATES.
We have created several start-up companies and formed independent
business units in the optical technology and Internet infrastructure areas. We
account for these investments in affiliates according to the equity or cost
methods as required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States. The market value of these investments may vary materially from the
amounts shown as a result of business events specific to these entities or their
competitors or market conditions. Actual or perceived changes in the market
value of these investments could have a material impact on our share price and
in addition could contribute significantly to volatility of our share price.
FLUCTUATIONS IN THE PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK OF OUR PUBLICLY TRADED SUBSIDIARY,
LUMINENT, INC., MAY AFFECT THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK.
The stock of our subsidiary, Luminent began trading publicly in November
2000. We own approximately 92% of Luminent. On March 29, 2001, our equity
interest in Luminent had a market value $333 million (based on Luminent's
closing price of $2.3125 per share on that date), which is significant with
respect to our market value of approximately $464 million (based on a closing
price of $6.2188 per share of our common stock on that date). Fluctuations in
the price of Luminent's common stock are likely to
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affect the price of our common stock. The market price of Luminent's common
stock has been highly volatile and subject to fluctuations unrelated or
disproportionate to its operating performance.
OUR BUSINESS STRATEGY MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL IF VALUATIONS OF OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY
AND NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANIES CONTINUE TO DECLINE.
Our strategy involves creating value for our stockholders and the owners
of our subsidiaries and partner companies by helping our subsidiaries and
partner companies grow and access the public and private capital markets.
Therefore, our success is dependent on acceptance by the public and private
capital markets of optical technology and networking infrastructure companies in
general and of initial public offerings of those companies in particular. If the
capital markets for networking infrastructure companies or the market for
initial public offerings of those companies remains weak for an extended period
of time, our subsidiaries and partner companies may not be able to complete
initial public offerings and thus the value we hope to create for our
stockholders may not be realized.
OUR BUSINESS IS INTENSELY COMPETITIVE AND THE EVIDENT TREND OF CONSOLIDATIONS IN
OUR INDUSTRY COULD MAKE IT MORE SO.
The markets for fiber optic components and networking products are
intensely competitive and subject to frequent product introductions with
improved price/performance characteristics, rapid technological change and the
continual emergence of new industry standards. We compete and will compete with
numerous types of companies including companies that have been established for
many years and have considerably greater financial, marketing, technical, human
and other resources, as well as greater name recognition and a larger installed
customer base, than we do. This may give such competitors certain advantages,
including the ability to negotiate lower prices on raw materials and components
than those available to us. In addition, many of our large competitors offer
customers broader product lines, which provide more comprehensive solutions than
our current offerings. We expect that other companies will also enter markets in
which we compete. Increased competition could result in significant price
competition, reduced profit margins or loss of market share. We can give no
assurance that we will be able to compete successfully with existing or future
competitors or that the competitive pressures we face will not materially and
adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In
particular, we expect that prices on many of our products will continue to
decrease in the future and that the pace and magnitude of such price decreases
may have an adverse impact on our results of operations or financial condition.
There has been a trend toward industry consolidation for several years.
We expect this trend toward industry consolidation to continue as companies
attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry. We
believe that industry consolidation may provide stronger competitors that are
better able to compete. This could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results and financial condition.
WE MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY MANAGING OUR GROWTH.
We have grown rapidly in recent years, with revenues increasing from
$88.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1996, to $319.4 million for the
year ended December 31, 2000. Our growth, both internally and through the
acquisitions we have made has placed a significant strain on our financial and
management personnel and information systems and controls. As a consequence, we
must continually implement new and enhance existing financial and management
information systems and controls and must add and train personnel to operate
such systems effectively. Our delay or failure to implement new and enhance
existing systems and controls as needed could have a material adverse effect on
our results of operations and financial condition in the future. Our intention
to continue to pursue a growth strategy can
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be expected to place even greater pressure on our existing personnel and to
compound the need for increased personnel, expanded information systems, and
additional financial and administrative control procedures. We can give no
assurance that we will be able to successfully manage operations if they
continue to expand.
WE FACE RISKS FROM OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS.
International sales have become an increasingly important segment of our
operations. The following table sets forth the percentage of our total net
revenues from sales to customers in foreign countries for the last three years:
Year ended Percent of total revenue
December 31, from foreign sales
- ------------------ -------------------------
1998 59%
1999 58
2000 63
We have companies and offices in, and conduct a significant portion of our
operations in and from, Israel. We are, therefore, directly influenced by the
political and economic conditions affecting Israel. Any major hostilities
involving Israel, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and
its trading partners or a substantial downturn in the economic or financial
condition of Israel could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In
addition, the recent acquisition of operations in Taiwan and People's Republic
of China has increased both the administrative complications we must manage and
our exposure to political, economic and other conditions affecting Taiwan and
People's Republic of China. Currently there is significant political tension
between Taiwan and People's Republic of China, which could lead to hostilities.
Risks we face due to international sales and the use of overseas manufacturing
include:
- greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection and longer
collection periods;
- the impact of recessions in economies outside the United States;
- unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
- seasonal reductions in business activities in some parts of the world,
such as during the summer months in Europe or in the winter months in
Asia when the Chinese New Year is celebrated;
- certification requirements;
- potentially adverse tax consequences;
- unanticipated cost increases;
- unavailability or late delivery of equipment;
- trade restrictions;
- limited protection of intellectual property rights;
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- unforeseen environmental or engineering problems; and
- personnel recruitment delays.
Our sales are currently denominated in U.S. dollars and to date our
business has not been significantly affected by currency fluctuations or
inflation. However, as we conduct business in several different countries,
fluctuations in currency exchange rates could cause our products to become
relatively more expensive in particular countries, leading to a reduction in
sales in that country. In addition, inflation or fluctuations in currency
exchange rates in such countries could increase our expenses. The Single
European Currency (Euro) was introduced on January 1, 1999 with complete
transition to this new currency required by January 2002. We have made and
expect to continue to make changes to our internal systems in order to
accommodate doing business in the Euro. Any delays in our ability to be
Euro-compliant could have an adverse impact on our results of operations or
financial condition. Due to numerous uncertainties, we cannot reasonably
estimate at this time the effects a common currency will have on pricing within
the European Union and the resulting impact, if any, on our financial condition
or results of operations.
To date, we have not hedged against currency exchange risks. In the
future, we may engage in foreign currency denominated sales or pay material
amounts of expenses in foreign currencies and, in such event, may experience
gains and losses due to currency fluctuations. Our operating results could be
adversely affected by such fluctuations or as a result of inflation in
particular countries where material expenses are incurred.
THE SLOWDOWN IN GROWTH RATES IN OUR INDUSTRY COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR GROWTH.
Our success is dependent, in part, on the overall growth rate of the
fiber optic components and networking industry. We can give no assurance that
the Internet or the industries that serve it will continue to grow or that we
will achieve higher growth rates. Our business, operating results or financial
condition may be adversely affected by any decrease in industry growth rates. In
addition, we can give no assurance that our results in any particular period
will fall within the ranges for growth forecast by market researchers.
WE DEPEND ON THIRD-PARTY CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS FOR NEEDED COMPONENTS AND
THEREFORE COULD FACE DELAYS HARMING OUR SALES.
We outsource the board-level assembly, test and quality control of
material, components, subassemblies and systems relating to our networking
products to third-party contract manufacturers. Though there are a large number
of contract manufacturers that we can use for outsourcing, we have elected to
use a limited number of vendors for a significant portion of our board assembly
requirements in order to foster consistency in quality of the products and to
achieve economies of scale. These independent third-party manufacturers also
provide the same services to other companies. Risks associated with the use of
independent manufacturers include unavailability of or delays in obtaining
adequate supplies of products and reduced control of manufacturing quality and
production costs. If our contract manufacturers failed to deliver needed
components timely, we could face difficulty in obtaining adequate supplies of
products from other sources in the near term. We can give no assurance that our
third party manufacturers will provide us with adequate supplies of quality
products on a timely basis, or at all. While we could outsource with other
vendors, a change in vendors may require significant lead-time and may result in
shipment delays and expenses. Our inability to obtain such products on a timely
basis, the loss of a vendor or a change in the terms and conditions of the
outsourcing would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating
results and financial condition.
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WE MAY LOSE SALES IF SUPPLIERS OF OTHER CRITICAL COMPONENTS FAIL TO MEET OUR
NEEDS.
Our companies currently purchase several key components used in the
manufacture of our products from single or limited sources. We depend on these
sources to meet our needs. Moreover, we depend on the quality of the products
supplied to us over which we have limited control. We have encountered shortages
and delays in obtaining components in the past and expect to encounter shortages
and delays in the future. If we cannot supply products due to a lack of
components, or are unable to redesign products with other components in a timely
manner, our business will be significantly harmed. We have no long-term or
short-term contracts for any of our components. As a result, a supplier can
discontinue supplying components to us without penalty. If a supplier
discontinued supplying a component, our business may be harmed by the resulting
product manufacturing and delivery delays.
OUR INABILITY TO ACHIEVE ADEQUATE PRODUCTION YIELDS FOR CERTAIN COMPONENTS WE
MANUFACTURE INTERNALLY COULD RESULT IN A LOSS OF SALES AND CUSTOMERS.
We rely heavily on our own production capability for critical
semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes used in our products. Because we
manufacture these and other key components at our own facilities and such
components are not readily available from other sources, any interruption of our
manufacturing processes could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Furthermore, we have a limited number of employees dedicated to the operation
and maintenance of our wafer fabrication equipment, the loss of any of whom
could result in our inability to effectively operate and service such equipment.
Wafer fabrication is sensitive to many factors, including variations and
impurities in the raw materials, the fabrication process, performance of the
manufacturing equipment, defects in the masks used to print circuits on the
wafer and the level of contaminants in the manufacturing environment. We can
give no assurance that we will be able to maintain acceptable production yields
and avoid product shipment delays. In the event adequate production yields are
not achieved, resulting in product shipment delays, our business, operating
results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
FUTURE HARM COULD RESULT FROM ADDITIONAL ACQUISITIONS.
An important element of our strategy is to review acquisition prospects
that would complement our existing companies and products, augment our market
coverage and distribution ability or enhance our technological capabilities.
Future acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations because of the
- possible charges to operations for purchased technology and
restructuring similar to those incurred in connection with our
acquisition of Xyplex in 1998;
- potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities;
- incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities;
- incurrence of amortization expenses related to goodwill and other
intangible assets and deferred compensation charges similar to those
arising with the acquisitions of FOCI, OIC, QOI, Jolt and Astroterra in
2000;
- difficulties assimilating the acquired operations, technologies and
products;
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- diversion of management's attention to other business concerns;
- risks of entering markets in which we have no or limited prior
experience;
- potential loss of key employees of acquired organizations; and
- difficulties in honoring commitments made to customers by management of
the acquired entity prior to the acquisition.
We can give no assurance as to whether we can successfully integrate the
companies, products, technologies or personnel of any business that we might
acquire in the future.
WE CANNOT PREDICT THE IMPACT OF RECENT ACTIONS AND COMMENTS BY THE SEC.
Actions and comments from the SEC have indicated they are reviewing the
current valuation methodology of in-process research and development related to
business combinations. We believe we are in compliance with all of the existing
rules and related guidance as applicable to our business operations. However,
the SEC may change these rules or issue new guidance applicable to our business
in the future. There can be no assurance that the SEC will not seek to reduce
the amount of in-process research and development previously expensed by us.
This would result in the restatement of our previously filed financial
statements and could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and
financial condition for periods subsequent to the acquisitions.
IF WE FAIL TO ADEQUATELY PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE
TO COMPETE.
We rely on a combination of trade secret laws and restrictions on
disclosure and patents, copyrights and trademarks to protect our intellectual
property rights. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will
be approved, that any patents that may issue will protect our intellectual
property or that third parties will not challenge any issued patents. Other
parties may independently develop similar or competing technology or design
around any patents that may be issued to us. We cannot be certain that the steps
we have taken will prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property,
particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary
rights as fully as in the United States. Any such litigation, regardless of
outcome, could be expensive and time consuming, and adverse determinations in
any such litigation could seriously harm our business.
WE COULD BECOME SUBJECT TO LITIGATION REGARDING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS,
WHICH COULD BE COSTLY AND SUBJECT US TO SIGNIFICANT LIABILITY.
From time to time, third parties, including our competitors, may assert
patent, copyright and other intellectual property rights to technologies that
are important to us. We expect we will increasingly be subject to license offers
and infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in our market
grows and the functioning of products overlaps. In this regard, in March 1999,
we received a written notice from Lemelson Foundation Partnership in which
Lemelson claimed to have patent rights in our vision and automatic
identification operations, which are widely used in the manufacture of
electronic assemblies. In April 1999, we received a written notice from Rockwell
International Corporation in which Rockwell claimed to have patent rights in
certain technology related to our metal organic chemical vapor deposition, or
MOCVD, processes. In October 1999, we received written notice from Lucent
Technologies, Inc. in which Lucent claimed we have violated certain of Lucent's
patents falling into the general category of communications technology, with a
focus on networking functionality. In October 1999, we received a written notice
from Ortel Corporation, which has since been acquired by Lucent, in which Ortel
claimed to
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have patent rights in certain technology related to our photodiode module
products. In July 2000, we received written notice from Nortel Networks which
claimed we violated Nortel's patent relating technology associated with local
area networks. We are evaluating the patents noted in the letters. Others'
patents, including Lemelson's, Rockwell's, Lucent's, Ortel's and Nortel's, may
be determined to be valid, or some of our products may ultimately be determined
to infringe the Lemelson, Rockwell, Lucent, Ortel and Nortel's patents, or those
of other companies. Lemelson, Rockwell, Lucent, Ortel or Nortel or other
companies may pursue litigation with respect to these or other claims. The
results of any litigation are inherently uncertain. In the event of an adverse
result in any litigation with respect to intellectual property rights relevant
to our products that could arise in the future, we could be required to obtain
licenses to the infringing technology, to pay substantial damages under
applicable law, to cease the manufacture, use and sale of infringing products or
to expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology. Licenses
may not be available from third parties, including Lemelson, Rockwell, Lucent,
Ortel or Nortel, either on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition,
litigation frequently involves substantial expenditures and can require
significant management attention, even if we ultimately prevail. Accordingly,
any infringement claim or litigation against us could significantly harm our
business, operating results and financial condition.
In the future, we may initiate claims or litigation against third
parties for infringement of our proprietary rights to protect these rights or to
determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary
rights of competitors. These claims could result in costly litigation and the
diversion of our technical and management personnel.
NECESSARY LICENSES OF THIRD-PARTY TECHNOLOGY MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE TO US OR MAY
BE VERY EXPENSIVE, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO MANUFACTURE AND
SELL OUR PRODUCTS.
From time to time we may be required to license technology from third
parties to develop new products or product enhancements. We cannot assure you
that third-party licenses will be available to us on commercially reasonable
terms, if at all. The inability to obtain any third-party license required to
develop new products and product enhancements could require us to obtain
substitute technology of lower quality or performance standards or at greater
cost, either of which could seriously harm our ability to manufacture and sell
our products.
WE ARE DEPENDENT ON CERTAIN MEMBERS OF OUR SENIOR MANAGEMENT.
We are substantially dependent upon Dr. Shlomo Margalit, our Chairman of
the Board of Directors and Chief Technical Officer, and Mr. Noam Lotan, our
President and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of either of
these officers could have a material adverse effect on us. We have entered into
employment agreements with Dr. Margalit and Mr. Lotan and are the beneficiary of
key man life insurance policies in the amounts of $1.0 million each on their
lives. However, we can give no assurance that the proceeds from these policies
will be sufficient to compensate us in the event of the death of any of these
individuals, and the policies are not applicable in the event that any of them
becomes disabled or is otherwise unable to render services to us.
OUR BUSINESS REQUIRES US TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
Our ability to develop, manufacture and market our products, run our
companies and our ability to compete with our current and future competitors
depends, and will depend, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain
qualified personnel. Competition for executives and qualified personnel in the
networking and fiber optics industries is intense, and we will be required to
compete for such personnel with companies having substantially greater financial
and other resources than we do. To attract executives, we have had to enter into
compensation arrangements, like those with Dr. William R. Spivey,
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the President and Chief Executive of Luminent, that have resulted in substantial
deferred compensation charges and adversely affected our results of operations.
We may enter into similar arrangements in the future to attract qualified
executives. If we should be unable to attract and retain qualified personnel,
our business could be materially adversely affected. We can give no assurance
that we will be able to attract and retain qualified personnel.
WE MAY INCUR SIGNIFICANT COSTS TO AVOID INVESTMENT COMPANY STATUS AND MAY SUFFER
ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES IF DEEMED TO BE AN INVESTMENT COMPANY.
We may incur significant costs to avoid investment company status and
may suffer other adverse consequences if deemed to be an investment company
under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Investment Company Act of 1940
requires registration for companies that are engaged primarily in the business
of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities. A company
may be deemed to be an investment company if it owns "investment securities"
with a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (excluding
government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, unless an
exemption or safe harbor applies. Securities issued by companies other than
majority-owned subsidiaries are generally counted as investment securities for
purposes of the Investment Company Act. Investment companies are subject to
registration under, and compliance with, the Investment Company Act unless a
particular exclusion or safe harbor provision applies. If we were to be deemed
an investment company, we would become subject to the requirements of the
Investment Company Act. As a consequence, we would be prohibited from engaging
in business or issuing our securities as we have in the past and might be
subject to civil and criminal penalties for noncompliance. In addition, certain
of our contracts might be voidable.
Registration as an investment company would subject us to restrictions
that are inconsistent with our fundamental business strategy of equity growth
through creating, acquiring, building and operating optical components and
network infrastructure companies. Although our investment securities currently
comprise substantially less than 40% of our total assets, fluctuations in the
value of these securities or of our other assets may cause this limit to be
exceeded. In that case, unless an exclusion or safe harbor was available to us,
we would have to attempt to reduce our investment securities as a percentage of
our total assets. This reduction can be attempted in a number of ways, including
the disposition of investment securities and the acquisition of non-investment
security assets. If we were required to sell investment securities, we may sell
them sooner than we otherwise would. These sales may be at depressed prices and
we may never realize anticipated benefits from, or may incur losses on, these
investments. We may be unable to sell some investments due to contractual or
legal restrictions or the inability to locate a suitable buyer. Moreover, we may
incur tax liabilities when we sell assets. We may also be unable to purchase
additional investment securities that may be important to our operating
strategy. If we decide to acquire non-investment security assets, we may not be
able to identify and acquire suitable assets and businesses or the terms on
which we are able to acquire such assets may be unfavorable.
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OUR ABILITY TO ISSUE PREFERRED STOCK COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE RIGHTS OF
HOLDERS OF COMMON STOCK AND DETER A TAKE-OVER.
We are authorized to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock.
This preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may
be determined at the time of issuance by the board of directors without further
action by stockholders. The terms of any such series of preferred stock may
include voting rights (including the right to vote as a series on particular
matters), preferences as to dividend, liquidation, conversion and redemption
rights and sinking fund provisions. No preferred stock is currently outstanding.
The issuance of any such preferred stock could materially adversely affect the
rights of the holders of our common stock, and therefore, reduce the value of
our common stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of
preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell our
assets to, a third party and thereby preserve control by the present management.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
As e-commerce and the Internet continue to proliferate, business
enterprises are increasingly reliant on communications networks and software
applications as critical strategic assets. Communications networks are being
expanded to deliver new services and distribute mission critical computing
applications such as customer network management, transaction processing,
enterprise resource planning, large enterprise databases, and sophisticated
on-line connections with vendors, and the increased use of traditional
applications, such as e-mail, video conferencing, to suppliers, customers and
employees. Bandwidth intensive applications that contain voice, video and
graphics through intranets and extranets, and growth in business-to-business
e-commerce and other on-line transactions are encumbering the optical networking
and internet infrastructure environment. Due to the significant growth of
network users who increasingly rely on secure access for higher speed and
quality of communications networks, even small network delays can result in lost
revenue, decreased employee productivity and customer dissatisfaction. As a
result, businesses and network service providers are realizing the critical
nature of network and application performance and the requirement for optical
networking and fiber optic equipment that increases the capacity through high
speed and more efficient transmission technologies.
Optical networking and internet infrastructure systems enhance the
carrier and network service provider networks by handling bandwidth and
providing enhanced services. Fiber optic transmission components enhance the
functionality of enterprise and residential access networks by enabling
high-speed transmission of voice, video and data across fiber optic cable.
Network service providers and carriers are reliant on higher value data centric
network services and are accordingly rapidly deploying next generation solutions
to accommodate the data service requirements
Growth in the use and availability of wide area networks is being
stimulated by many factors including the need to share information between
centralized repositories and remote enterprise locations, to access and use the
Internet for communications and marketing and to electronically access external
resources used by the enterprise. Growth is also being fueled by the increasing
availability of more cost-effective WAN services such as Frame Relay and
Integrated Service Digital Network ("ISDN") making it more affordable for many
organizations to set up a WAN or expand an existing one. The growth in the use
and availability of the Internet coupled with increasing use, power, speed and
complexity of metropolitan area networks ("MANs") and WANs has resulted in the
increasing need for equipment that permits high speed connections throughout the
infrastructure of the Internet.
OPTICAL NETWORKING AND INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENT
The Internet has evolved into a network of hundreds of public and
private networks interconnected using Internet Protocol ("IP"). Industry
analysts expect continued dramatic growth worldwide in Internet use and Internet
traffic. As the Internet continues to explode, business enterprises are
increasingly reliant on
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communications networks and software applications as strategic assets that are
critical to business success. Communications networks are being expanded to
deliver new services and distribute computing applications such as customer
networks management, e-mail, video, conferencing, and Voice Over Internet
Protocol ("VoIP") to suppliers, customers and employees.
While consumers use the Internet for education and communication,
business and service providers are realizing the critical nature of network and
application performance.
According to an industry report, RHK, a leading telecommunications
industry market research and consulting firm, projects a 300-fold increase in
demand for network bandwidth in the next eight to 10 years and Advantis, another
industry research firm proclaims that high-speed connections to the Internet
will drive demand for more capacity among network operators. This report also
refers to a study from Infonetics Research predicting that spending among large
nationwide telecommunications carriers will grow 220 percent, from $13.3 billion
in 2000 to $42.5 billion in 2004, further supporting the prediction that demand
will continue as operators try to keep up with the latest technology.
To meet the growth in the demand for high-speed data services, service
providers are investing heavily to construct and upgrade the transmission
foundation of the public network infrastructure worldwide. The public network
infrastructure, which was originally built for voice traffic, is inadequate to
handle data and must be rapidly upgraded. Current expenditures are spread across
fiber deployment, dense wavelength division multiplexing, or DWDM, products,
Synchronous Optical Network ("SONET") transmission equipment sand more recently,
intelligent optical networking solutions.
Advances in emerging intelligent optical networking market should
fundamentally change the architecture of the public network and create a host of
new opportunities in infrastructure development, service delivery and
applications. Intelligent optical networking offers a solution to public network
scaling and high-speed service delivery.
Intelligent optical networking will eventually deliver high speed data
services provisioned over wavelengths and intelligent optical light paths. The
flexibility and scalability of wave service is expected to offer service
providers the ability to satisfy this demand for increased bandwidth while
creating competitive differentiation in their service portfolio with
"just-in-time" provisioning capability.
FIBER OPTIC ENVIRONMENT
Fiber optic cable can generally carry more information at less expense
and with greater signal quality than copper wire. The higher the speed of
transmission, the greater the capacity and the larger the span of the network,
the more essential is fiber optic transmission. Fiber has long replaced copper
as the preferred technology for long distance communications and major backbone
telephony and data transmissions. Due to its advantages, fiber optic technology
is also increasingly used to enhance performance and capacity within enterprise
networks and access networks. As a result, the market for fiber optic products
continues to grow both domestically and internationally.
Demand for fiber optic transmission components is driven by four
factors: (i) fiber applications have expanded beyond traditional telephony
applications and are being deployed in enterprise network backbones to support
high-speed data communications; (ii) within access networks, fiber is rapidly
expanding downstream toward end-users as access networks deploy
"Fiber-in-the-Loop" and fiber to the curb, or FTTC architectures to support
services such as fast Internet access and interactive video; (iii) the growth of
cellular communications and PCs requires fiber to be deployed both within and
between cells; and (iv) the usage of fiber in short distances increases the
demand for components as more are used per mile of fiber. As the size, number
and
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complexity of these fiber networks increases, management expects that the demand
for fiber optic components will grow significantly.
Fiber Optic Transmission in Data Communications. As higher speed
connections are implemented in LAN/WAN systems, fiber optic transmission becomes
an essential element in computer networks. For transmission speeds of 100 Mbps
and higher, and transmission distances of 100 meters and longer, fiber optic
transmission must be deployed. Virtually all high-speed transmission standards,
such as Fiber Distributed Data Interface ("FDDI"), Asynchronous Transfer Mode
("ATM"), Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, specify fiber optic media as the
most practical technology for transmission. The steady rise in high-speed
connections and the growth in the span of networks, including the need to
connect remote workgroups, are driving the deployment of fiber optic cable
throughout enterprise networks.
Fiber Optic Transmission in Access Networks. To meet end users'
increased demand for content, software and services, network operators must
acquire additional bandwidth by either enhancing their existing networks or
constructing new ones. Cable TV operators are increasingly seeking to provide
general telecommunication services, high-speed Internet access and
video-on-demand. As a result, they are now faced with the need to transmit
"upstream," from customer premises to the cable TV operator and to send
different signals to individual end-users. Similarly, local exchange carriers
("LECs") are implementing new technological standards, such as SONET and
fiber-intensive architectures such as FTTC to enable high-speed Internet access
and the delivery of cable TV and Internet services to the home. Management
believes that deployment of and upgrades to these systems will increase the
demand for the Company's fiber optic components that typically are better able
to endure environmental factors, such as rain, snow, heat and wind,
cost-effectively. In addition, cellular and PCS communications represent a fast
emerging market for fiber optic networks, including their usage in the backbone
and landline portion of wireless networks.
MRV'S CONCENTRATION
We create, acquire, finance and operate companies, and through them,
design, develop, manufacture and market products, which enable high-speed
broadband communications. We concentrate on companies and products devoted to
optical components and network infrastructure systems. We have leveraged our
early experience in fiber optic technology into a number of well-focused
operating units specializing in advanced fiber optic components, switching,
routing, transaction management and wireless optical transmission systems which
we have created, financed or acquired. Products and product developments of our
wholly or majority owned subsidiaries include the following:
LUMINENT, INC.
Luminent provides an extensive offering of active and passive singlemode
fiber optic components that support a wide range of requirements for the
metropolitan and access networks. It is currently shipping a variety of active
and passive fiber optic components. Active components are the core technology
for optical networks and require electrical power to generate, boost or
transform optical signals. Luminent's active components include:
- Mixed signal, single fiber components, called duplexers and triplexers,
which are capable of transmitting bi-directional digital and analog
information over a single fiber;
- A wide variety of transceivers, the most common fiber-optic data link.
Transceivers have both a transmitter and receiver built into one unit. A
transmitter converts electrical signals into optical signals and
launches them into the fiber. A receiver receives the optical signal,
converts it back to an electrical signal and amplifies it;
- Coarse WDM subsystems, which enable communications equipment
manufacturers to implement wavelength division multiplexing inside their
equipment at a fraction of the cost of dense WDM;
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- Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, used as a light source for fiber optic
transmission;
- Laser diodes, which convert electrical signals to optical signals and
are the most widely used light sources for optical communications
systems;
- Analog fiber optic links, which are used in cable television, cellular,
satellite and wireless local area networks transmissions;
- Photo detectors, which convert optical signals into electrical signals
and receivers that include photo detectors with electrical amplifiers
for greater functionality; and
- Electro-optic modulators, which are used to transfer information onto a
light signal without the modifying wavelength of the light and enable
data to travel extended transmission distances compared to a directly
modulated laser;
Luminent's passive fiber optic components are used to direct, split and
merge optical signals without the use of electricity. These components have
become critical due to the use of fiber amplifiers, passive networks and WDM
technology. Luminent's passive components include:
- A wide variety of couplers, one of the most common components of any
optical network, used to combine and/or split optical signals;
- Isolators, which allow transmission of optical signals in one direction
but block transmission in the other direction;
- WDM thin film add/drop components, which enable the transmission of
specific optical wavelengths and the reflection of others and allow for
the removal and insertion of wavelengths in WDM systems with minimal
power losses;
- Optical circulators, which are used in wavelength management
applications to direct optical signals to the appropriate sections of
the system;
- Variable fiber optic attenuators, which reduce the amplitude of a signal
without distorting the waveform and are used to equalize the power
between different WDM channels before being amplified by a fiber
amplifier;
- Optical connectors, which are used to couple light either directly from
a component or from another fiber; and
- Adapters, which facilitate the connection of any two connectors.
OPTICAL ACCESS, INC.
Optical Access is an optical networking and Internet infrastructure
company that designs, manufactures and markets optical wireless products
enabling service providers to offer high-speed broadband access within the last
mile of the communications network in a cost effective and timely manner.
Optical Access' products are designed to be deployed in a switched mesh
architecture, which means that its products allow transmission of data between
any two points on the network and enable full re-routing of traffic around a
transmission link or equipment failure. In addition, its products feature a
backup wireless radio frequency option, which reduces problems associated with
adverse weather conditions. Optical Access offers the TereScope family of
products, which provide optical wireless links, and an OptiSwitch(TM) products,
which enable switching, provisioning and aggregation. All of these products can
be remotely managed through Optical Access' MegaVision network management
system. Because each of it products can perform independently, Optical Access's
customers can also purchase products separately with no performance degradation.
TereScope. TereScope products are optical wireless links that utilize
high-powered optics, which allow for high-speed, long distance optical wireless
transmission of data. By installing its TereScope products in a mesh
configuration with a minimum of two connections into each building and utilizing
Optical Access' OptiSwitch(TM) switching technology, Optical Access' products
enable full re-routing of traffic around a link or
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equipment failure. Optical Access believes that its TereScope products offer one
of the first commercially available wireless optic systems with built-in auto
fallback to radio frequency links.
TereScope devices can be installed on a building's rooftop or side or in
an office behind a window rather than a radio tower. They are constructed with a
transmitter, which emits light that does not damage the human eye, and a
receiver that detects light. Optical Access offers a range of TereScope
products, the smallest of which looks like a security camera and the largest of
which is the size of a computer monitor. The products feature a number of
recently developed technologies to account for issues that have historically
limited the use of optical wireless systems, including a system that enables
them to compensate for misalignment due to building movements or interference
caused by flying objects such as birds. In addition, TereScope products feature
high power laser transmitters and large optical receivers to permit connectivity
over longer distances. The TereScope ranges in list price from approximately
$4,000 to $120,000, depending on data rate and maximum range, with an additional
$5,000 to $10,000 for a 10 megabit per second radio frequency backup.
OptiSwitch(TM). Optical Access' family of OptiSwitch(TM) products
enables a mesh architecture, bandwidth distribution, provisioning and
termination for all-IP networks. The OptiSwitch is designed to provide customer
premise connectivity to business users, smart aggregation and to enable
execution of any service level agreement by advanced features and capabilities
of traffic classification and quality of service. Direct connection of the
OptiSwitch(TM) ports to TereScope products allow service providers to offer a
complete cost-effective metropolitan solution. The system is designed to manage
optical wireless mesh topology management and subscriber management in Ethernet
broadband networks. The OptiSwitch(TM) products range in price from $1,400 to
$190,000, depending upon data rate and number of ports.
MegaVision. Optical Access' MegaVision management system provides
software based graphical network management and monitoring that is fully
integrated with its optical transmission and switching products. The MegaVision
network management system allows service providers to provision their networks
from a centralized location. With the graphical interface offered by Optical
Access, the provider receives a comprehensive view of the network as well as
fault isolation, configuration, performance and security management of the
network.
CESCOMM, INC. (FORMERLY CREATIVE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS SA OR CES)
CEScomm is developing and providing products for manufacturers of
cellular network infrastructure equipment and mobile operators and service
providers for the third generation of wireless solutions commonly known as 3G.
3G is the generic term used for the next generation of mobile communications
systems. These new systems provide enhanced wireless services to those available
today i.e., voice, text and data. CEScomm specializes in products that provide
the real-time conversion of radio signals generated by Internet ready mobile
devices into asynchronous transfer mode, or ATM, traffic streams. Its products
are based on distributed architectures that cluster super computer
multi-processing capabilities between the radio access network and the Internet
protocol, or IP, core network.
CEScomm's products make it possible for 3G mobile network operators and
equipment vendors to deliver more efficient service with enhanced options. End
users of CEScomm's products include leading 3G wireless network operators such
as NTT DoCoMo, the cellular telephone arm of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
Corporation in Japan, and European operators using the Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System, or UMTS. CEScomm sells its products to leading
cellular equipment vendors, including Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks and
Ericsson.
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ITOUCH COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
iTouch provides next-generation Internet infrastructure solutions that
enable service providers and carriers to deliver and monitor, on a real-time
basis, high-speed Internet services. ITouch's products utilize internet
protocol, or IP, routing and wide area network, or WAN, technologies, which
allow for faster development of feature rich high-speed data acquisition and
management systems.
iTouch's In-Reach product suite supports network element management and
out-of-band management applications for large, heterogeneous communication
networks. In-Reach products offer console, alarm, sensor and power management
solutions and possess features ranging from simple network management protocol,
or SNMP, -based discrete alarm signal collection and distribution to remote
console management of routers, switches, and equipment from Sun Microsystems and
other providers. Standalone and chassis-based In-Reach products enable upgrades
at central sites and downloads of software to thousands of remote network
elements.
NBASE-XYPLEX, INC.
NBase-Xyplex provides products and services, such as the Fiber Driver
family of products, to enhance network infrastructures for city carriers,
service providers, cable operators and campus and enterprise networks. The Fiber
Driver family of products focuses on providing more effective usage of
fiber-optic cables for carriers, service providers, cable operators and campus
and enterprise networks. The Fiber Driver product line is designed to address
the growing need for connecting networks of different media and speed into
today's expanding fiber optic infrastructure.
The Fiber Driver family consists of over 150 different converters,
repeaters, switches, distance extenders and Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer)
modules, all of which operate on the same modular, and scalable platform. Each
module provides a different solution and together the family covers almost every
communication protocol. The family includes a base chassis in one, two, four and
16 slot varieties and is fully managed through any network management system
based on simple network management protocol, or SNMP, including the MegaVision
network management system discussed above under Optical Access.
CHARLOTTE'S NETWORKS, INC.
Charlotte's is developing a core router for large service providers and
carriers. The Aranea core router is Charlotte's first product. The Aranea router
is capable of carrying both IP packets and time-division multiplexing, or TDM,
voice traffic and enables the current WAN to grow in high orders of magnitude
both in processing power and rate of transmission. The router has the ability to
emulate a class 4 or 5 switch, enabling its voice traffic capability. It offers
various interfaces and allows multiple Aranea machines to be clustered into a
single virtual router for ultra-high speed. This feature allows construction of
a machine with an aggregate bandwidth of multiple terabits per second. The
Aranea can be configured to combine up to 16 port interfaces of any kind into a
single dense wavelength division multiplexing link of up to 40 Gbps. The
clustered machines may be managed as a single virtual router through the
operating system or AROS. The Aranea is designed to meet the exact requirements
of new generation telecommunication service providers in terms of bandwidth,
differentiated services, scalability and reliability and is positioned to take
advantage of the explosive growth predicted for the WAN or terabit router
segment of the router market. According to recent analyst's estimates, this
segment is expected to grow from less than $1 billion in 1999 to over $14
billion in 2003.
ZUMA NETWORKS, INC.
Zuma is developing a next generation gigabit Ethernet switch router
platform. The platform is distinguished by very high gigabit ethernet port
density in a single chassis, outstanding packet forwarding performance; a
multi-processor, multi-component hardware architecture supporting carrier class
survivability;
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and a multi-processor software architecture supporting the coupling of wire
speed switch routing functions with wire speed network services in a single
platform. This router, named Zuma LightReef(TM) entered beta trials in December
2000.
OPTICAL CROSSING
Optical Crossing's core expertise is in free-space laser communications
and semiconductor optoelectronic components. Optical Crossing has three internal
product groups - Optoelectronics Products, Optical Wireless Products and
Networking Products and Services - that address multiple aspects of optical
wireless technology, from components to architectural implementation of
all-optical networks. Products are currently in the prototyping and development
stage.
OTHER KEY TECHNOLOGY INTERESTS
In addition to our wholly owned and majority owned companies, we have
significant interests in other key technology companies, including Zaffire, Inc.
RedC Optical Networks and Hyperchannel Ltd.
Zaffire is focused on developing a next-generation, optical services
networking system for regional and metropolitan telecommunications networks.
Zaffire offers a packet-enabled, DWDM optical solution designed specifically for
deployment in metropolitan and regional-area networks.
RedC Optical Networks has developed a complete line of optical modules
used for operating, monitoring and protecting optical networks including:
optical amplifiers, add/drop modules, protection and restoration modules and
DWDM monitoring.
Hyperchannel, which does business under its trademark Hyporium is an
independent net market maker for the information technology, or IT, industry,
enabling IT vendors, distributors and resellers to trade online. Hyporium offers
an alternative route to market through an online trading hub and reseller web
storefronts.
SALES AND MARKETING
Each of our operating company maintains its own separate sales and
marketing staffs, enabling the sales personnel to develop strong customer
relationships and expertise in their respective areas. Each company has
established their own direct sales force experienced in each subsidiary's
business to address the new and evolving requirements of their business arena.
Our companies have sold their products worldwide to over 500 diverse
customers in a wide range of industries; primarily, data communications,
telecommunications and cable. No customer accounted for more than 10% of our
consolidated revenues in 1998, 1999 or 2000.
Our companies and we employ various methods, such as public relations,
advertising, and trade shows to build awareness of our products. Public
relations activities are conducted both internally and through relationships
with outside agencies. Major public relation activities are focused around new
product introductions, corporate partnerships and other events of interest to
the market. The Company supplements its public relations through media
advertising programs and attendance at various trade shows throughout the year,
both in the United States and internationally.
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SALES, SUPPORT AND DISTRIBUTION
We continually seek to augment and increase our distribution channels
and sales forces to accelerate our growth. Products are sold through our
operating companies direct sales forces, VARs, systems integrators,
distributors, manufacturer's representatives and OEM customers. sales and
distribution divisions are organized along five primary lines: direct sales,
OEM, domestic and international distributors, VARs and systems integrators and
manufacturer's representatives; and domestic and international distributors.
Direct Sales. Our companies employ worldwide direct sales forces
primarily to sell their products to large OEM accounts and in some cases to end
users. We believe that a direct sales force can best serve large customers by
allowing salespeople to develop strong, lasting relationships which can
effectively meet the customers' needs. Direct sales staffs are located across
the United States, Europe and Israel.
Domestic and International Distributors. Our companies and we work with
both domestic and international distributors. Geographic exclusivity is normally
not awarded unless the distributor has exceptional performance. Distributors
must successfully complete our training programs and provide system
installation, technical support, sales support and follow-on service to local
customers. Generally, distributors have agreements with a one year term subject
to automatic renewal unless otherwise canceled by either party. In certain cases
with major distributors, the agreements are terminable on 30 days' notice. We
use stocking distributors, which purchase our product and stock it in their
warehouse for immediate delivery, and non-stocking distributors, which purchase
our products after the receipt of an order. Internationally, we sell through
over 100 distributors in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, the Middle East,
Canada and Latin America.
Value-Added Resellers and Systems Integrators. Our companies and we use
a select group of VARs and system integrators in the U.S. which are generally
selected for their ability to offer our products in combination with related
products and services, such as system design, integration and support. Such
specialization allows us to penetrate targeted vertical markets such as
telecommunications and cable TV. Generally, we use a two-tier distribution
system to reach a broader range of customers, however VARs may purchase the
product directly from one or more of our companies if the volume warrants a
direct relationship.
Manufacturers' Representatives. To supplement our direct sales efforts,
manufacturer's representatives are assigned by territory in the United States
and work exclusively on commission.
Customer Support and Service. We and our companies are committed to
providing strong technical support to our customers. We operate customer service
groups, and provide support through engineering groups, sales staff,
distributors, OEMs and VARs. Customer support personnel are currently located at
the our offices in California, Massachusetts, Maryland, Germany, England, Italy
and Israel.
International Sales. International sales accounted for approximately
59%, 58% and 63% of our consolidated net revenues in 1998, 1999 and 2000,
respectively.
MANUFACTURING
We outsource the board-level assembly, test and quality control of our
Internet infrastructure products to third party contract manufacturers, thereby
allowing us to react quickly to market demand, to avoid the significant capital
investment required to establish and maintain manufacturing and assembly
facilities and to concentrate resources on product design and development. Final
assembly, burn-in, final testing and pack-out are performed by our companies and
us and selected third-party contract manufacturers to maintain quality control.
Our manufacturing teams are experienced in advanced manufacturing and testing,
in engineering, in ongoing reliability/quality assurance and in managing third
party contract manufacturer's capacity, quality standards and manufacturing
process. Risks associated with the use of independent manufacturers include
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unavailability of or delays in obtaining adequate supplies of products and
reduced control of manufacturing quality and production costs. If our contract
manufacturers fail to deliver products in the future on a timely basis, or at
all, it would be extremely difficult for us to obtain adequate supplies of
products from other sources on short notice. There can be no assurance that the
Company's third party manufacturers will provide adequate supplies of quality
products on a timely basis, or at all. While we could outsource with other
vendors; a change in vendors may require significant time and result in shipment
delays and expenses. The inability to obtain our key products on a timely basis,
the loss of a particular vendor or a change in the terms and conditions of the
outsourcing could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating
results and financial condition.
We rely extensively on our companies own production capabilities for
critical semiconductor lasers and LEDs used in our products. Our optical
transmission production process involves (i) a wafer processing facility for
semiconductor laser diode and LED chip manufacturing under stringent and
accurate procedures using state-of-the-art wafer fabrication technology, (ii)
high precision electronic and mechanical assembly, and (iii) final assembly and
testing. Relevant assembly processes include die attach, wire bond, substrate
attachment and fiber coupling. We also conduct tests throughout our
manufacturing processes using commercially available and internally built
testing systems that incorporate proprietary procedures. Our companies perform
final product tests on all of their products prior to shipment to customers.
Many of the key processes used in our products are proprietary; and, therefore,
many of the key components of our products are designed and produced internally.
Because our companies manufacture these and other key components of their
products at our their own facilities and such components are not readily
available from other sources, any interruption of the their manufacturing
process could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Furthermore, our
companies have a limited number of employees dedicated to the operation and
maintenance of wafer fabrication equipment, the loss of any of whom could result
in our inability to effectively operate and service such equipment. Wafer
fabrication is sensitive to a wide variety of factors, including variations and
impurities in the raw materials, difficulties in the fabrication process and
performance of the manufacturing equipment. There can be no assurance that our
companies will be able to maintain acceptable production yields and avoid
product shipment delays. In the event adequate production yields are not
achieved resulting in product shipment delays, our business, operating results
and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. We believe our
companies have sufficient manufacturing capacity for growth in the coming years.
In addition, at various times there have been shortages of parts in the
electronics industry, and certain critical components have been subject to
limited allocations. Although shortages of parts and allocations have not had a
material adverse effect on our results of operations, there can be no assurance
that any future shortages or allocations would not have such an effect.
Our companies are subject to a variety of federal, state, and local
governmental laws and regulations related to the storage, use, emission,
discharge, and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used
in the manufacturing process. There can be no assurance that environmental laws
and regulations will not result in the need for additional capital equipment or
other requirements. Further, such laws and regulations could restrict our
ability to expand operations. Any failure by our companies or us to obtain
required permits for, control of use of, or adequately restrict the discharge,
emission or release of, hazardous substances under present or future laws and
regulations could subject us to substantial liability or could cause our
manufacturing operations to be suspended. Such liability or suspension of
manufacturing operations could have a material adverse effect on our operating
results. To date, such laws and regulations have not had a material adverse
effect on our operating results.
COMPETITION
The communications equipment and component industry is intensely
competitive. Our companies competes directly with a number of established and
emerging computer, communications and networking device companies. Direct
competitors in optical networking and Internet infrastructure, generally include
Cisco Systems Inc, Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks, and 3Com Corporation.
Direct competitors for our optical
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wireless technology include AirFiber, Canon and TeraBeam. Direct competitors in
fiber optic components include Agilent Technologies, Corning Incorporated,
Finisar Corporation, Fujitsu, Infineon AG, International Business Machines
Corporation, JDS Uniphase Corp., Lucent Technologies, Inc., Sumitomo, Tyco
International, Ltd. Many of our competitors have significantly greater
financial, technical, marketing, distribution and other resources and larger
installed customer bases than MRV. Several of these competitors have recently
introduced or announced their intentions to introduce new competitive products.
Many of the larger companies with which the Company competes offer customers a
broader product line, which provides a more comprehensive networking solution
than the Company's products.
In addition to competitors competing with products that perform similar
functions there are also several alternative network technologies. For example,
in the local access market, our products compete with telephone network
technology known as "ADSL," an acronym for asymmetric digital subscriber line.
In this technology, digital signals are transmitted through existing telephone
lines from the central office to the home. We also expect that competitive
pricing pressures could result in price declines for our companies and their
competitors' products. Such increased competition, if not accompanied by
decreasing costs, could result in reduced margins and loss of market share which
would materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and
financial condition.
The communications industry has become increasingly concentrated in
recent years as a result of consolidation. This consolidation is likely to
permit our various competitors to devote significantly greater resources to the
development and marketing of new competitive products and the marketing of
existing competitive products to their larger installed bases. We expect that
competition will increase substantially as a result of these and other industry
consolidations and alliances, as well as the emergence of new competitors.
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
To date, our companies and we have relied principally upon copyrights
and trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology. Generally, we enter
into confidentiality agreements with our employees and key suppliers and
otherwise seek to limit access to and distribution of the source code to
software and other proprietary information. There can be no assurance that such
steps will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technologies or that a
third party will not independently develop technology similar or superior to any
we possess.
We have received notices from third party alleging possible infringement
of patents with respect to product features or manufacturing processes. We
believe such notices are common in the communications industry because of the
large number of patents that have been filed on these subjects. Our policy is to
discuss these notices with the senders in an effort to demonstrate that our
products and/or processes do not violate any patents. We are currently involved
in such discussions with Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks, Ortel, Rockwell
International Corporation and the Lemelson Medical, Education & Research
Foundation. We do not believe that any of our or our companies' products or
processes violates any of the patents asserted by these parties and we further
believe that we have meritorious defenses if any legal action is taken by any of
these parties. However if one or more of these parties were to assert a claim
and gain a conclusion unfavorable to us such claims could materially and
adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
In the future, litigation may be necessary to protect trade secrets and
other intellectual property rights owned by us, to enforce any patents issued to
our companies or us, to defend against claimed infringement of the rights of
others and to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of
others. Any such litigation could be costly and a diversion of the attention of
our management involved, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results and financial condition. An adverse determination in
such litigation could further result in the loss of the Company's proprietary
rights, subject the Company to significant liabilities, require the Company to
seek licenses from third parties or prevent the Company from
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manufacturing or selling its products, any of which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial
condition. The Company typically has agreed to indemnify its customers and key
suppliers for liability incurred in connection with the infringement of a third
party's intellectual property rights.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2000, our consolidated companies and we employed a
total of approximately 2,600 full-time employees. None of our employees is
represented by a union or governed by a collective bargaining agreement, and we
believe our employee relationships are satisfactory.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company's principal administrative, sales and marketing, research
and development and manufacturing facility is located in Chatsworth, California.
The table below lists the locations, square footage and expiration dates of our
owned and leased facilities for our major operations.
Square footage Lease
Location Owned/Leased Expiration Dates
-------- -------------- ----------------
Chatsworth, California, USA 17,700 February 2004
Chatsworth, California, USA 20,950 January 2003
Chatsworth, California, USA 12,800 March 2002
Chatsworth, California, USA 50,000 July 2004
Chatsworth, California, USA 5,000 December 31, 2002
Littleton, Massachusetts 101,000 September 2003
Yokneam, Israel 23,400 January 2002
Milan, Italy 46,600 March 2013
Hsinchu, Taiwan 165,910 March 2016
Hsinchu, Taiwan 12,712 Owned
Hsinchu, Taiwan 18,895 June 2001
Hsinchu, Taiwan 9,437 February 2001
Hsinchu, Taiwan 7,876 September 2000
Miao-Li County, Taiwan 24,398 Owned
Chu-Pei, Taiwan 15,989 Owned
Shanghai, People's Republic of China 48,495 October 2047
Shanghai, People's Republic of China 139,008 January 2049
Stockholm, Sweden 52,200 June 2003
Rome, Italy 15,700 December 2012
Paris, France 19,400 Owned
We believe that our facilities are sufficient to meet our current needs
and that adequate additional space will be available for lease when required.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings,
including patent, commercial and environmental matters, which arise in the
ordinary course of business. There are no matters pending that we expect to be
material in relation to our business, consolidated financial condition, results
of operations or cash flows.
We have received notices from third parties alleging possible
infringement of patents with respect to product features or manufacturing
processes. We believe such notices are common in the communications industry
because of the large number of patents that have been filed on these subjects.
Our policy is to discuss these notices with the senders in an effort to
demonstrate that our products and/or processes do not violate any patents. We
are currently involved in such discussions with Lucent Technologies, Nortel
Networks, Ortel, Rockwell International Corporation and the Lemelson Medical,
Education & Research Foundation. We do not believe that any of our or our
companies' products or processes violate any of the patents asserted by these
parties and we further believe that we have meritorious defenses if any legal
action is taken by any of these parties. However, if one or more of these
parties were to assert a claim and gain a conclusion unfavorable to us, such
claims could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and
financial condition.
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ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
On December 12, 2000, we held our Annual Meeting of Stockholders at
which, among other things, the Company's entire board of directors was elected.
The name of each director elected at the Annual Meeting, and the number of votes
cast for and against (or withheld) were as follows:
Number of Votes
Name For Against or Withheld
- ------------------------------ ---------- -------------------
Noam Lotan 53,459,296 6,524,529
Shlomo Margalit 59,558,034 425,791
Igal Shidlovsky 59,558,034 425,791
Guenter Jaensch 59,558,034 425,791
Baruch Fischer 59,557,394 425,891
Daniel Tsui 59,557,394 425,891
The other matters voted upon at the meeting and the number of votes cast
for, against or withheld, including abstentions and broker non-votes, as to each
matter were as follows:
PROPOSAL FOR AGAINST ABSTAIN
-------- ---------- ---------- -------
To approve amendments to the Company's 49,774,982 10,030,697 178,146
1997 Incentive and Nonstatutory Stock
Option Plan to increase by 500,000
shares the number of shares of Common
Stock that can be optioned and sold
under the Stock Option Plan
To ratify the selection of Arthur 59,638,849 316,645 28,331
Andersen LLP as independent auditors for
the Company for the fiscal year ending
December 31, 2000.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
MRV's common stock is traded in the over-the-counter market and has been
included in the Nasdaq National Market since February 28, 1994 under the symbol
"MRVC." The following table sets forth the high and low closing sale prices of
it common stock for the periods indicated as reported by the Nasdaq National
Market. The prices have been adjusted to give retroactive effect to the
two-for-one stock split of MRV's common stock effected on May 11, 2000.
High Low
---- ---
1999
First Quarter $ 4.94 $2.97
Second Quarter 7.03 2.97
Third Quarter 12.41 6.32
Fourth Quarter 32.82 9.72
2000
First Quarter $95.25 $25.88
Second Quarter 67.25 23.44
Third Quarter 78.56 45.31
Fourth Quarter 49.19 11.06
At March 31, 2001, MRV had 3,384 stockholders of record.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
In November 2000, MRV issued an aggregate of 109,686 shares of its
common stock to the former shareholders of Creative Electronic Systems SA
("CES"), a Swiss corporation, in connection with an agreement between MRV and
these shareholders guaranteeing the minimum price of the shares of MRV common
stock issued to these shareholders to acquire the outstanding capital stock of
CES.
With respect to the foregoing issuance, exemption from registration
requirements is claimed under the Securities Act of 1933 in reliance on
Regulation S under the Securities Act. MRV believed that the buyers were
outside the United States and no directed selling efforts were made in the
United States. Each CES shareholder (all of whom had addresses outside the
United States) represented that it was not a "U.S. Person" as defined in
Regulation S and, at the time the buy order for these transaction was
originated, each such shareholder was outside the United States and no offer to
purchase the shares was made in the United States. Each CES shareholder agreed
not to reoffer or sell the securities, or to cause any transferee to reoffer or
sell the shares, within the United States, or for the account or benefit of a
U.S. person, (i) as part of the distribution of the securities at any time, or
(ii) otherwise, only in a transaction meeting the requirements of Regulation S.
Appropriate legends were affixed to the certificates evidencing the securities
in such transaction.
In December 2000, MRV issued an aggregate of 341,889 shares of its
common stock to Tellaire Corporation in connection with its investment in
Tellaire receiving for such shares 5,775,149 shares of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, $.001 par value per share of Tellaire, representing
approximately 32% of Tellaire's outstanding capital stock at the date of the
investment.
With respect to the foregoing issuance, exemption from registration
requirements is claimed under the Securities Act of 1933 in reliance on Section
4(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The purchaser
represented its intention to acquire the shares for investment only and not with
a view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution thereof and an
appropriate legend was affixed to the certificates evidencing the shares in such
transaction. The purchasers had adequate access to information about MRV.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected statement of operations data for the three years
in the period ended December 31, 2000 and the balance sheet data as of December
31, 1999 and 2000 are derived from our consolidated financial statements and
notes thereto, included elsewhere herein, and are audited by Arthur Andersen
LLP, independent public accountants, as set forth in their report included later
in this Report. The selected statement of operations data for the two years in
the period ended December 31, 1997 and the balance sheet data as of December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998 were derived from our audited financial statements, which
are not included in this Report. The following data should be read in
conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements of the
Company, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Report.
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: Year ended December 31,
- ------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues, net $ 88,815 $ 165,471 $ 264,075 $ 288,524 $ 319,394
Cost of goods sold (1,4) 51,478 94,709 165,385 197,442 203,371
Research and development (1) 8,201 13,093 25,817 35,319 74,078
Selling, general and administrative (1) 13,858 26,993 53,852 67,859 124,700
Purchased technology in progress (2) 17,795 - 20,633 - -
Restructuring costs (2) 6,974 - 15,671 - -
Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles 167 372 2,901 3,898 66,814
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating income (loss) (9,658) 30,304 (20,184) (15,994) (149,569)
Other income (expense), net (4,204) 1,901 4,339 322 (9,578)
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes,
minority interests and extraordinary item (13,862) 32,205 (15,845) (15,672) (159,147)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (4,404) 9,474 5,707 (2,153) (5,398)
Minority interests (196) (146) (1,345) 610 796
Gain on repurchase of convertible notes, net of tax - - 2,791 - -
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net income (loss) $ (9,654) $ 22,585 $ (20,106) $ (12,909) $(152,953)
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Net income (loss) per share - Basic $ (0.24) $ 0.48 $ (0.38) $ (0.24) $ (2.33)
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Net income (loss) per share - Diluted $ (0.24) $ 0.44 $ (0.38) $ (0.24) $ (2.33)
========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Shares used in per share calculation - Basic 39,478 47,340 53,064 53,920 65,669
Shares used in per share calculation - Diluted 39,478 51,468 53,064 53,920 65,669
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: At December 31,
- -------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents $14,641 $ 19,428 $ 20,692 $ 34,330 $ 210,080
Working capital 56,973 111,559 115,318 106,425 366,752
Total assets 96,943 236,236 320,192 314,533 1,096,771
Total long-term liabilities 18,892 2,853 94,317 94,409 154,504
Stockholders' equity 41,771 189,969 174,429 166,815 781,555
- -----------
(1) For the year ended December 31, 2000, includes amounts related to deferred
stock compensation of: $8.3 million in "cost of goods sold"; $13.2 million in
"research and development" expenses; and $38.4 million in "selling, general and
administrative" expenses.
(2) Purchased technology in progress and restructuring charges were incurred as
a result of acquisitions. Purchased technology in progress for the year ended
December 31, 1996 was in conjunction with the Fibronics Acquisition.
Restructuring costs during the year ended December 31, 1996 were associated with
a plan adopted by the Company on September 30, 1996 calling for the reduction of
workforce, closing of certain facilities, retraining of certain employees and
elimination of particular product lines. Purchased technology in progress for
the year ended December 31, 1998 was in conjunction with the Xyplex acquisition.
Restructuring costs during the year ended December 31, 1998 were associated with
a
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plan adopted by the Company in March 1998 calling for the reduction of
workforce, closing of certain facilities, elimination of particular product
lines, settlement of distribution agreements and other costs.
(3) Interest expenses for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 were in
connection with the private placement of $30.0 million principal amount of
debentures, the proceeds from which the Company used to finance the cash portion
of the Fibronics acquisition. Interest expenses for the year ended December 31,
1998 and 1999 were connected with the private placement of $100.0 million
principal amount of 5% Convertible Subordinated Notes. See Note 10 of notes to
the consolidated financial statements.
(4) For the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, includes amounts relating to
the writedown of discontinued products of $3,101 and $13,761, respectively.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
This Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors,
including those set forth in the following and elsewhere in this Report. The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated
Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Report.
GENERAL
We create, acquire, finance and operate companies, and through them,
design, develop, manufacture and market products, which enable high-speed
broadband communications. We concentrate on companies and products devoted to
optical components and network infrastructure systems. We have leveraged our
early experience in fiber optic technology into a number of well-focused
operating units specializing in advanced fiber optic components, switching,
routing, transaction management and wireless optical transmission systems which
we have created, financed or acquired.
During 2000, we completed several strategic acquisitions. These
acquisitions were made to expand our product offering, enhance our technological
expertise and expand our manufacturing capabilities. The table below summarizes
the more notable acquisitions.
Date of Total Form of Consideration and
Acquired Company Acquisition Consideration Other Notes to Acquisition
---------------- ----------- ------------- --------------------------
Fiber Optic Communications, Inc. April 24, 2000 $310.4 million $48.6 million in cash and 5.4 million
shares of common stock and options
issued; approximately 97% of capital
stock assumed; goodwill recorded of
$261.6 million; deferred stock
compensation recorded of $14.1 million
Jolt Limited May 1, 2000 $57.7 million 1.9 million shares of common stock and
options issued; 100% of capital stock
assumed; goodwill recorded of $33.7
million; deferred stock compensation
recorded of $25.0 million
Quantum Optech Inc. July 12, 2000 $36.2 million 1.2 million shares of common stock and
options issued; 100% of capital stock
assumed; goodwill recorded of $27.9;
deferred stock compensation recorded of
$2.7 million
AstroTerra Corporation July 12, 2000 $160.3 million 2.4 million shares of common stock and
options issued; 100% of capital stock
assumed; goodwill recorded of $108.3
million; deferred stock compensation
recorded of $50.0 million
Optronics International Corp. July 21, 2000 $124.3 million 4.2 million shares of common stock and
options issued; approximately 99% of
capital stock assumed; goodwill
recorded of $99.5 million; deferred
stock compensation recorded of $13.4
million
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Each of these acquisitions was accounted for using the purchase method
and therefore, the results of operations of the acquired businesses have been
included in our consolidated financial statements from the respective dates of
acquisition. Goodwill from these acquisition totaled $463.9 million. For the
year ended December 31, 2000, we recorded amortization of goodwill from these
acquisitions of $60.6 million. We expect to record amortization of goodwill
charges for these acquisitions of approximately $403.3 million per quarter until
they are fully amortized in 2005.
In connection with these acquisitions, a portion of the purchase prices
paid represented deferred stock compensation relating to options to purchase our
common stock The fair values these options were $105.2 million and have been
recorded as deferred stock compensation. Deferred stock compensation
amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2000 relating to these
stock options was approximately $42.7 million. In connection with these
acquisitions, we expect to incur approximately $62.5 million of total deferred
stock compensation, which will be fully amortized by 2004. Deferred stock
compensation is being amortized using the graded method using an estimated
employment period of four years.
Fiber Optic Communications, Quantum Optech and Optronics International
were acquired and contributed to Luminent as part of our plan to complete an
initial public offering of our fiber optics components business and eventually
spin-off this business to our stockholders. Fiber Optic Communications develops
and manufactures passive fiber optic components for wavelength division
multiplexing. Quantum Optech specializes in developing and manufacturing optical
thin film coating and filters for dense wavelength division multiplexing.
Optronics focuses on developing and manufacturing high temperature semiconductor
lasers, transceivers and detectors for optical networks. These acquisitions also
provided additional manufacturing capabilities for future growth.
In July 2000, we and our subsidiary, Luminent, entered into four year
employment agreements with Luminent's President and Chief Executive Officer and
its Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer. The agreements
provide for annual salaries, performance bonuses and combinations of stock
options to purchase shares of our common stock and Luminent's common stock. The
options to purchase our common stock were immediately exercisable. The options
to purchase Luminent's common stock vest over four years. These options were
granted to Luminent's executives at exercise prices below market value,
resulting in deferred stock compensation. Deferred stock compensation from these
option grants reported for the year ended December 31, 2000 was $54.2 million
and we will incur additional deferred stock compensation of approximately $37.9
million through 2004.
AstroTerra and Jolt were acquired and contributed to our subsidiary,
Optical Access as part of part of our plan to complete an initial public
offering of our business which focuses on optical wireless products that deliver
high-speed communications traffic to the so-called last mile portion of the
communications network and eventually spin-off this business to our
stockholders. AstroTerra develops and manufactures free-space optical wireless
communication systems to connect data and telecommunications networks. Jolt
develops and manufactures multi-port wireless optics communications equipment.
These acquisitions provided strategic components and technology for Optical
Access' wireless optical solution.
We reported a net loss of $153.0 million for the year ended December 31,
2000. A significant portion of the net loss was due to the amortization of
goodwill and intangibles and deferred stock compensation related to our recent
acquisitions and our employment arrangements with Luminent's President and Chief
Financial Officer. We will continue to record amortization of goodwill through
2005 and deferred stock compensation through 2004 relating to these acquisitions
and our employment arrangements with Luminent's executives. As a consequence
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of this amortization of goodwill and deferred stock compensation
charges, we do not expect to report net income in the foreseeable future.
On November 10, 2000, Luminent, our publicly owned subsidiary, completed
the initial public offering of its common stock, selling 12.0 million shares at
$12.00 per share for net proceeds of approximately $132.3 million. Luminent
designs, manufactures and sell as comprehensive line of fiber optic components
that enable communications equipment manufactures to provide optical networking
equipment for the rapidly growing metropolitan and access segments of the
communications networks. We have announced plans to distribute all of our shares
of Luminent common stock to our stockholders on the later of three months after
the receipt of a favorable private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue
Service or six months after this offering, although we are not obligated to do
so. There are various conditions that must be satisfied or waived by us in our
sole discretion, prior to the distribution. These conditions include, among
other things:
- the receipt of a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue
Service that our distribution of our shares of Luminent common stock
to the holders of our common stock will be tax-free to our
stockholders and us for United States federal income tax purposes;
- all required government approvals must be in effect;
- our redemption or repayment of our outstanding convertible
subordinated debentures;
- no legal restraints must exist preventing this distribution; and
- nothing must have happened in the intervening time between the
Luminent offering and the distribution, including a future change in
market or economic conditions or in our or Luminent's business and
financial condition, that causes our board of directors to conclude
that the distribution is not in our best interest or the best
interest of our stockholders.
The exact distribution formula and record date to qualify for any
distribution will be determined at a future date.
On October 6, 2000, our wholly-owned subsidiary Optical Access filed a
registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the
initial public offering of its common stock. Optical Access designs,
manufactures and markets an optical wireless solution that delivers high-speed
communications traffic to the portion of the communications network commonly
know as the last mile, which extends from the end user to the service provider's
central office. The registration statement related to these securities has been
not yet become effective. These securities may not be sold, nor may offers to
buy be accepted, prior to the time the registration statement becomes effective.
This announcement does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an
offer to buy. There will not be any sale of these securities in any State in
which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration
or qualification under the securities laws of any such State.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our
statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenues.
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Year ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------------ ------------ ------------
Revenues, net 100% 100% 100%
Cost of goods sold 63 68 64
Research and development 10 12 23
Selling, general and administrative 20 23 39
Purchased technology in progress 8 - -
Restructuring costs 6 - -
Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles 1 1 21
Operating income (loss) (8) (6) (47)
Other income (expense), net 2 - (3)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes, minority (6) (5) (50)
interests and extraordinary item
Provision (credit) for income taxes 2 (1) (2)
Minority interests 1 - -
Gain on repurchase of convertible notes, net of tax 1 - -
Net income (loss) (8)% (4)% (48)%
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 2000
Revenues. We generally recognize product revenue when persuasive
evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or
determinable and collectibility is probable. Revenues for the year ended
December 31, 2000 increased $30.9 million, or 11%, to $319.4 million from $288.5
million for the year ended December 31, 1999. Our revenues were favorably
impacted by growth in our fiber optic components business, which offset our
decision in February 2000 to discontinue the production and sale of our LAN
switches for enterprise networks. Further revenue growth was realized due to the
greater acceptance of our Internet infrastructure products, such as our
In-Reach(TM) product line, and products acquired through our recent
acquisitions, such as passive fiber optic components and products designed for
wireless networks. None of the companies we acquired during 2000 contributed 10%
or more to our total revenues from the date of their acquisition through
December 31, 2000.
Gross Profit. Gross profit is equal to our revenues less our cost of
goods sold. Our cost of goods sold includes materials, direct labor and
overhead. Cost of inventory is determined by the first-in, first-out method.
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2000 increased $24.9 million, or
27%, to $116.0 million from $91.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1999.
Our gross margins (defined as gross profit as a percentage of revenues)
increased to 36% for the year ended December 31, 2000, from 32% for the year
ended December 31, 1999. Prior to deferred stock compensation expenses, our
gross margin would have increased to 39% for the year ended December 31, 2000.
Our margins increased due to a
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favorable shift in product mix toward higher margin product lines, such as those
for 3G wireless networks and other Internet infrastructure products.
Research and Development (R&D). R&D expenses increased $38.8 million or
110%, to $74.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 from $35.3 million
for the year ended December 31, 1999. R&D expenses of consolidated development
stage enterprises represented a 108% increase to $41.5 million from $20.0
million for the year ended December 31, 1999. Prior to deferred stock
compensation expenses, R&D would have increased $25.5 million, or 73%, to $60.8
million for the year ended December 31, 2000. Our increased spending in R&D
illustrates our commitment to continued product development and technological
expansion. Additionally, R&D from our consolidated development stage enterprises
continued to increase as those enterprises strive towards bringing new products
to market.
Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A). SG&A expenses increased
$56.8 million, or 84%, to $124.7 million from $67.9 for the year ended December
31, 1999. SG&A expenses were 39% of revenue, during the year ended December
31, 2000 compared to 24% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 1999. Prior
to deferred stock compensation expenses, SG&A would have increased 27%, to $86.3
million for the year ended December 31, 2000. SG&A would have been 27% of net
sales for the year ended December 31, 2000. The increase in SG&A expenses is
primarily a result of our recent acquisitions. We have also increased personnel
and related costs in our operating entities in response to our growth in
business.
Amortization of Goodwill and other Intangibles. Amortization of goodwill
and other intangibles increased $62.9 million to $66.8 million from $3.9 million
for the year ended December 31, 2000. Furthermore, as we continue to engage in
strategic acquisitions, additional goodwill and other intangibles will be
recorded.
Interest and Other Income and Expense. In June 1998, we issued $100.0
million principal amount of 5% convertible subordinate notes due in 2003 (the
Notes). The Notes were offered in a 144A private placement to qualified
institutional investors at the stated amount, less a selling discount of 3%. In
late 1998, we repurchased $10.0 million principal amount of the Notes at a
discount from the stated amount. We incurred $4.5 million in interest expense
relating to the Notes for each year ended December 31, 2000 and 1999,
respectively.
The increase in other income (expense), is primarily attributed to our
share of losses from our unconsolidated development stage enterprises of $7.3
million for the year ended December 31, 2000. For the year ended December 31,
1999, these entities were included in our consolidated statements of operations
based on our ownership in those enterprises. The remaining components of other
income (expense), principally represent interest income recognized from
short-term and long-term investments.
Provision for Income Taxes. The credit for income taxes for the year
ended December 31, 2000 was $5.4 million, compared to $2.2 million for the year
ended December 31, 1999. Our income tax expense fluctuates primarily due to the
tax jurisdictions where we currently have operating facilities and the varying
tax rates in those jurisdictions.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1999
Revenues. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 1999 increased 9%, to
$288.5 million from $264.1 million for 1998. Revenues from sales of networking
products and optical transmission products were 77% and 23%, respectively, of
total revenues during the year ended December 31, 1999 as compared to 82% and
19%, respectively, of total revenues
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37
during the year ended December 31, 1998. Revenues increased as a result of
greater marketing efforts and greater market acceptance of our products,
both domestically and internationally. International sales accounted for
approximately 58% of revenues for year ended December 31, 1999, as compared to
59% of revenues for year ended December 31, 1998.
Gross Profit. Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 1999
decreased $7.6 million, or 8%, to $91.1 million from $98.7 million for 1998.
Our gross margin decreased from 37% during the year ended December 31, 1998 to
32% for the year ended December 31, 1999 as a result of our decision to exit
the LAN switching business. During the last two years, we endured intense price
competition from our larger competitors. We had planned to compensate for such
price competition by introducing new lower cost products during 1998. We began
shipping such products in the last quarter of 1998, however, the commoditization
of these products and the economy of scales and manufacturing advantages of our
larger competitors were too difficult for us to overcome. Therefore the Company
decided to exit the LAN switching business and in connection with this decision
recorded a charge of $13.8 million primarily to write off inventory.
Research and Development (R&D). R&D expenses increased $9.5 million, or
37%, to $35.3 million from $25.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1999.
R&D expenses as a percentage of revenues increased from 10% of revenues during
year ended December 31, 1998, to 12% of revenues for year ended December 31,
1999. This increase was primarily caused by additional development projects
commenced during the year and associated personnel costs as well as increased
expenses resulting from personnel added to existing projects. We intend to
continue to invest in the research and development of new products. We believe
that our ability to develop and commercialize new products is our key
competitive factor.
Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A). SG&A expenses increased
$14.0 million, or 26%, to $67.9 million from $53.9 million for 1998. SG&A
expenses were 24% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 1999, compared
to 20% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 1998 . The increases in SG&A
expense, both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of revenue were due
primarily to substantially increased marketing efforts as well as the addition
of personnel and overhead costs in additional and expanded locations.
Purchased Technology in Progress and Restructuring Costs. Purchased
technology in progress for the year ended December 31, 1998 was $20.6 million.
The purchased technology in 1998 was related to R&D projects of Xyplex in
progress at the time we acquired Xyplex on January 30, 1998, which had not yet
reached technological feasibility and for which we had no alternative future
use. Restructuring costs during the year ended December 31, 1998 were $15.7
million. The restructuring costs in 1998 were associated with our plan adopted
in March 1998 calling for the reduction of workforce, closing of certain
facilities, elimination of particular product lines, settlement of distribution
agreements and other costs. The restructuring costs incurred in first quarter of
1998 were offset by a restructuring credit of $7.5 million booked during the
last quarter of 1998 in connection with our decision to consolidate the Xyplex
and NBase organizations. This credit principally resulted from the renegotiation
of Xyplex' lease in Littletown, Massachusetts and a reevaluation reducing the
anticipated cost of discontinuing some of Xyplex' legacy products. We did not
incur these charges or receive a similar credit in 1999.
On June 26, 1998, we sold $100.0 million principal amount of 5%
convertible subordinated notes due 2003 (the "Notes") in a 144A private
placement to qualified institutional investors at 100% of their principal
amount, less a selling discount of 3% of the principal amount. In November 1998,
we repurchased $10.0 million face amount of the Notes. We recorded a gain of
$2.8 million, net of tax, when we repurchased the
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Notes at a discount from par during the last quarter of 1998. The outstanding
Notes resulted in interest expense of $2.5 million for the year ended December
31, 1998 and $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1999.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
On November 10, 2000, Luminent completed the initial public offering of
its common stock, selling 12.0 million shares at $12.00 per share and raising
net proceeds of approximately $132.3 million.
Cash and cash equivalents were $210.1 million at December 31, 2000,
compared to $34.3 million at December 31, 1999. As of December 31, 2000 we had
working capital of $366.8 million, compared with $106.4 million as of December
31, 1999. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities at December 31,
2000 was 4.3 to 1, compared to 3.1 to 1 at December 31, 1999. This is primarily
due to the consolidation of our recent acquisitions, cash utilized for such
acquisitions and the cash Luminent received from its initial public offering.
Cash used in operating activities was $29.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2000, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $2.0
million for the year ended December 31, 1999. Cash used in operating activities
was primarily impacted by our net loss, partially offset by the amortization of
goodwill and amortization of deferred stock compensation. The increase in cash
used in operating activities was also a result of an overall increase in our
current assets.
Cash provided by investing activities was $9.2 million for year ended
December 31, 2000, compared to cash provided by investing activities of $6.2
million for the year ended December 31, 1999. We spent approximately $24.0
million on the purchase of property and equipment for business expansion and
increased manufacturing capacity. We purchased approximately $21.6 million in
investments primarily in partner companies. We also received cash of $97.7
million from the sale of investments, which was offset by net cash used in our
recent acquisitions and equity purchases of $44.5 million.
Cash provided by financing activities was primarily generated through
net proceeds from Luminent's initial public offering and long term borrowings.
Cash provided by long term borrowings was $62.7 million for the year ended
December 31, 2000 offset by payments of approximately $4.0 million. Net proceeds
from Luminent's initial public offering were $132.3 million. Net proceeds from
the issuance of our common stock were $7.8 million and $10.8 million for the
years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
In June 1998, we issued $100.0 million principal amount of 5%
convertible subordinated notes due 2003 (the Notes) in a private placement
raising net proceeds of $96.4 million. The Notes are convertible into our common
stock at a conversion price of $13.52 per share (equivalent to a conversion rate
of approximately 73.94 shares per $1,000 principal amount of notes),
representing an initial conversion premium of 24%, for a total of approximately
7.4 million shares of our common stock. The Notes bear interest at 5% per annum,
which is payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The
Notes have a five-year term and are callable by us on or after June 15, 2001.
The premiums payable to call the Notes are 102% of the outstanding principal
amount during the 12 months ending June 14, 2002 and 101% during the 12 months
ending June 14, 2003, plus accrued interest through the date of redemption.
We believe that our cash flows from operations will be sufficient to
satisfy our working capital, capital expenditure and research and development
requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may require or choose
to obtain additional debt or equity financing in order to finance acquisitions
or other investments in our business. We will continue to devote resources for
expansion and other business requirements. Our future capital requirements will
depend on many factors, including acquisitions, our rate of
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revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support development of new
products and expansion of sales and marketing, the timing of new product
introductions and enhancements to existing products and market acceptance of our
products.
Effects of Inflation
We believe that the relatively moderate rate of inflation in the United
States over the past few years has not had a significant impact on our sales or
operating results or on the prices of raw materials. However, in view of our
recent expansion of operations in Taiwan, Israel and other countries, which have
experienced substantial inflation, there can be no assurance that inflation will
not have a materially adverse effect on our operating results in the future.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risks
We operate on an international basis. A majority of our revenues and
expenses are incurred in U.S. dollars, however, a significant portion of our
revenues and expenses are incurred in other currencies. Fluctuations in the
value of the currencies in which we conduct our business relative to the U.S.
dollar will cause U.S. dollar translation of such currencies to vary from one
period to another. We cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations
upon future operating results. However, because we have expenses as well as
revenues in each of the principal functional currencies, the exposure to our
financial results to currency fluctuations is reduced. We have not historically
attempted to reduce our currency risks through hedging instruments, however, we
may do so in the future.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 1998 and June 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Investments and Hedging Activities," and SFAS No.
137, which delayed the effective date of SFAS No. 133. In June 2000, the FASB
issued SFAS No. 138, which provides additional guidance for the application of
SFAS No. 133 for certain transactions. We will adopt the statement in January
2001 and do not expect the adoption of this statement to have a material impact
on our financial position or results of operations.
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 101 (SAB 101), "Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements," and related interpretations. SAB 101 summarized certain of the
Securities and Exchange Commission's views in applying accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States to revenue recognition in financial
statements. We have applied the provisions of SAB 101 in the consolidated
financial statements. The adoption of SAB 101 did not have a material impact on
our financial condition or results of operations.
In March 2000, the FASB issued interpretation No. 44 (FIN 44),
"Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock Compensation, an
interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25." FIN 44 clarifies the application of APB
No. 25 for certain issues, including the definition of an employee, the
treatment of the acceleration of stock options and the accounting treatment for
options assumed in business combinations. FIN 44 became effective on July 1,
2000, but is applicable for certain transactions dating back to December 1998.
The adoption of FIN 44 did not have a significant impact on our financial
position or results of operations.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The following financial statements are filed as part of this Report:
PAGE
----
Report of Independent Public Accountants................................................. F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1999 and 2000............................. F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2000............................................................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Loss for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2000.............................. F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2000............................................................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................................... F-7
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The executive officers and directors of the Company at March 15, 2001
are as follows:
NAME AGE POSITION
---- --- --------
Noam Lotan(1) 49 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Shlomo Margalit(1) 59 Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Technical Officer and
Secretary
Edmund Glazer 41 Vice President of Finance and Administration and Chief Financial
Officer
William R. Spivey 54 President and Chief Executive Officer of Luminent, Inc.
Guy Avidan 38 President and Chief Executive Officer of Optical Access, Inc.
Igal Shidlovsky(2)(3) 64 Director
Guenter Jaensch(2)(3) 62 Director
Professor Daniel Tsui(3) 62 Director
Professor Baruch Fischer 50 Director
(1) Member of the Executive Committee.
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee.
(3) Member of the Audit Committee.
Noam Lotan has been the President, Chief Executive Officer and a
Director of the Company since May 1990 and became Chief Financial Officer of the
Company in October 1993, in which position he served until June 1995. From March
1987 to January 1990, Mr. Lotan served as Managing Director of Fibronics (UK)
Ltd., the United Kingdom subsidiary of Fibronics International Inc.
("Fibronics"), a manufacturer of fiber optic communication networks. The Company
purchased the Fibronics business in September 1996. From January 1985 to March
1987, Mr. Lotan served as a Director of European Operations for Fibronics. Prior
to such time, Mr. Lotan held a variety of sales and marketing positions with
Fibronics and Hewlett-Packard. Mr. Lotan holds a Bachelor of Science degree in
Electrical Engineering from the Technion, the Israel Institute of Technology,
and a Masters degree in Business Administration from INSEAD (the European
Institute of Business Administration, Fontainebleau, France).
Dr. Shlomo Margalit, a founder of the Company, has been Chairman of the
Board of Directors and Chief Technical Officer since the Company's inception in
July 1988. From May 1985 to July 1988, Dr. Margalit served as a founder and Vice
President of Research and Development for LaserCom, Inc. ("LaserCom"), a
manufacturer of semiconductor lasers. From 1982 to 1985, Dr. Margalit served as
a Senior Research Associate at the California Institute of Technology
("Caltech"), and from 1976 to 1982, a Visiting Associate at Caltech. From 1972
to 1982, Dr. Margalit served as a faculty member and Associate Professor at the
Technion. During his tenure at the Technion, Dr. Margalit was awarded the
"Israel Defense" prize for his work in developing infrared detectors for heat
guided missiles and the David Ben Aharon Award for Novel Applied Research. Dr.
Margalit holds a Bachelor of Science degree, a Masters degree and a Ph.D. in
Electrical Engineering from the Technion.
Edmund Glazer was appointed Vice President of Finance and Administration
and Chief Financial Officer in June 1995. He has been with the Company since
October 1994 serving as Operations Manager. In 1993 and 1994, Mr. Glazer served
as a consultant providing document imaging and information systems to clients.
From 1986 to 1993, Mr. Glazer served as Vice President of Finance at Concord
Electrical Supply, a
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distributor of electrical and electronic products. From 1984 to 1986, Mr. Glazer
worked as a certified public accountant at the accounting firm of Singer, Lewak
Greenbaum & Goldstein. From 1981 to 1984, Mr. Glazer worked as an auditor at the
accounting firm of Weber, Lipshie & Co. In 1983, Mr. Glazer qualified as a
Certified Public Accountant from the State of California. Mr. Glazer holds a
Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration from the University of
Southern California.
Dr. William R. Spivey has served us as the President and Chief Executive
Officer of Luminent, Inc. our fiber optics components subsidiary since July
2000. From October 1997 to July 2000, Dr. Spivey served as Group President of
the Network Products group of Lucent Technologies. From February 1994 to
September 1997, he served as vice president, systems and components group,
member of the Office of the President and Co-chair of the Executive Committee of
AT&T Microelectronics. Dr. Spivey holds a B.S. degree in physics from Duquesne
University, an M.S. degree in physics from Indiana University in Indiana,
Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. degree in administration/management from Walden
University. Dr. Spivey also serves as a director of Lyondell Chemical Co.,
Novellus Systems, Inc. and Raytheon Company.
Guy Avidan has served as the Chief Executive Officer and President of
Optical Access, Inc. the Company's optical wireless products subsidiary since
September 2000. From 1995 to September 2000, Mr. Avidan served in various
executive capacities for other subsidiaries of the Company, including as
President of NBase-Xyplex International from January 1999 until joining Optical
Access and as Managing Director of NBase-Communications, from 1995 until January
1999. Mr. Avidan holds a B.A. degree in business management, economics and
accounting from Haifa University and also is licensed as a Certified Public
Accountant.
Dr. Igal Shidlovsky became a Director of the Company in May 1997. Dr.
Shidlovsky serves as Managing Director of Global Technologies, an investment and
consulting organization, which he founded in 1994. He has extensive management
and consulting experience with international companies and start up technology
companies. Dr. Shidlovsky is a Director of the Omega Point Foundation. From 1982
to 1991, Dr. Shidlovsky was a Director of Sentex Sensing Technologies. Dr.
Shidlovsky held several executive positions including Vice President Corporate
Development at Siemens Pacesetter, a division of Siemens AG Medical Group,
Director of Strategic Planning and Technology Utilization, and Director of the
Microelectronics Department at Siemens Corporate Research. From 1969 to 1982 he
was with RCA Laboratories, a leading electronic R&D organization. Dr. Shidlovsky
holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry from the Technion and Master and
Ph.D. degrees from the Hebrew University in Israel.
Dr. Guenter Jaensch became a Director of the Company in December 1997.
Dr. Jaensch serves as Managing Director of The McKenzie Companies, Inc. and
McKenzie Ventures LTD. and as President of Jaensch Enterprises, each firm
engaged in management consulting, mergers and acquisitions and investments. For
over 20 years, Dr. Jaensch held several executive positions with Siemens or its
subsidiaries. Among his executive positions in the United States were service as
President of Siemens Communications Systems, Inc.; Chairman of Siemens Corporate
Research and Support, Inc.; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pacesetter;
and head of the cardiac management division of Siemens AG Medical Group. Dr.
Jaensch also served as controller of Siemens Data Processing Group and Director
of Siemens Internal Accounting and Budgeting operations. Dr. Jaensch holds a
Master degree in Business Administration and Ph.D. degree in Finance from the
University of Frankfurt. He also served as an Associate Professor at the
University of Frankfurt prior to joining Siemens.
Professor Daniel Tsui became a Director of the Company in December 1999.
Professor Tsui is the Arthur Le Grand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering
at Princeton University and was awarded the 1998 Nobel prize in Physics for the
discovery and explanation of the fractional quantum hall effect. Professor Tsui
was a recipient of the American Physical Society 1984 Buckley Prize, the 1998
Benjamin Franklin Medal and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He
is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the
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43
American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is currently engaged in
research activity relating to properties of thin films and microstructures of
semiconductors and solid-state physics. He received his Ph.D. in physics from
the University of Chicago in 1967 and for 13 years was with Bell Laboratories
before joining Princeton University, where he spent the last 16 years.
Professor Baruch Fischer became a Director of the Company in December
1999. Professor Fischer currently serves as Dean of the Electrical Engineering
Faculty at the Technion. Professor Fischer's current Research Activities include
solid state devices, lasers and optical amplifiers; WDM technology; fiber
gratings; all optical networks; non-linear effect in fiber, wave mixing; and
optical computing, optical data storage and optical image processing. He has
authored or co-authored approximately 180 papers and holds several patents in
the field of optics and opto-electronics. He received his Ph.D. from Bar-Ilan
University, Israel in 1980. He subsequently became a Post-Doctorate Fellow at
CalTech and joined the faculty of the Technion in 1983.
Each director is elected for a period of one year at the Company's
annual meeting of stockholders and serves until the next annual meeting and
until his successor is duly elected and qualified. Officers are elected by, and
serve at the discretion of, the Board of Directors, subject to relevant
employment agreements. None of the Directors of the Company are related by
blood, marriage or adoption to any of the Company's Directors or executive
officers.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires our directors and
executive officers and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of
our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and
reports of changes in ownership of Common Stock and other equity securities of
the Company. Directors, executive officers and 10% or greater stockholders are
required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a)
forms they file.
We believe, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports
furnished to the Company, that each report required of the Company's executive
officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders was duly and timely filed
during the year ended December 31, 2000, except for Form 3s of William R Spivey
and Guy Avidan and a Form 5 by William R. Spivey. The Form 3 filed late by Dr.
Spivey did not report any beneficial ownership of our shares and his Form 5
filed late reported the grant of stock options exempt from Section 16(b) of the
Exchange Act pursuant to Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act. The Form 3 to be
filed by Mr. Avidan will report as his beneficial ownership of our shares prior
grants to him of stock options exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act
pursuant to Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The members of the Board of Directors who are not employees of the
Company receive cash compensation of $800 per month and $500 for each Board of
Directors' meeting attended, while serving as Directors.
The following table sets forth a summary of all compensation paid by the
Company to its Chief Executive Officer and for each of its other executive
officers whose total annual salary and bonus exceeded $100,000 (the "Named
Executive Officers") during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000:
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LONG-TERM
ANNUAL COMPENSATION COMPENSATION
-------------------------------- ----------------
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING ALL OTHER
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITIONS YEAR SALARY BONUS OPTIONS (#) COMPENSATION
---------------------------- ---- ---------- ---------- --------------- ------------
Noam Lotan 2000 $ 100,000 $ 0 0 --
President and Chief Executive Officer 1999 $ 100,000 $ 0 0 --
1998 $ 100,000 $ 0 60,000(1) --
Shlomo Margalit 2000 $ 110,000 $ 0 0 --
Chairman of the Board of Directors, 1999 $ 110,000 $ 0 0 --
Chief Technical Officer and Secretary 1998 $ 110,000 $ 0 0 --
Edmund Glazer 2000 $ 140,000 $ 0 40,000 --
Vice President of Finance and Administration 1999 $ 140,000 $ 0 60,000 --
and Chief Financial Officer 1998 $ 107,000 $ 0 178,000(2) --
William R. Spivey(3) 2000 $ 138,000 $ 90,000 316,315 $48,682(4)
President and Chief Executive Officer of 1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Luminent, Inc. 1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Guy Avidan 2000 $ 125,000 $ 39,000 0 --
President and Chief Executive Office of 1999 $ 102,000 $ 39,000 0 --
Optical Access, Inc. 1998 $ 102,000 $ 39,000 60,000 --
- ----------------
(1) Consists of repriced options granted under the Company's Stock Option Plans
that were issued in replacement of earlier options granted to the Named
Executive Officer under the Stock Option Plans. The Options vest at their
original vesting schedules.
(2) Includes 78,000 repriced options granted under the Company's Stock Option
Plans that were issued in replacement of earlier options granted to the Named
Executive Officer under the Stock Option Plans. The Options vest at their
original vesting schedules.
(3) Dr. Spivey joined Luminent in July 2000.
(4) Consists of a reimbursement of legal fees Dr. Spivey incurred in 2000 in
connection with negotiation of his employment contract.
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
The following table provides certain information regarding stock option grants
made to the Named Executive Officers in the year ended December 31, 2000.
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Percent
of Total Potential Realizable Value
Number of Options At Assumed Annual Rate of Stock Price
Securities Granted to Appreciation for Option Term
Underlying Employees Exercise Expiration ------------------------------------------
Name Options Granted in 2000 Price ($/SH) Date 0%(1) 5%(2) 10%(2)
---- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Noam Lotan 0 0 $ 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Shlomo Margalit 0 0 $ 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Edmund Glazer 40,000 0.7 $ 20.50 4/16/2006 0 $ 278,878 $ 632,680
William R. Spivey(3) 316,315 5.3 $ 32.56 7/10/2005 $10,300,000 $16,006,758 $22,898,476
Guy Avidan 0 0 $ 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A
- -------------
(1) Based upon the difference between the closing price of a share of MRV
Common Stock on the date of grant and the exercise price per share of
the options.
(2) The dollar amounts under these columns are the result of calculations
assuming the price of MRV's common stock on the date of the grant of the
option increases at the hypothetical 5% and 10% rates set by the SEC for
the term of the option. Neither the amounts reflected nor the rates
applied are intended to forecast possible future appreciation, if any,
of the Company's stock price.
(3) Excludes separate options granted on July 11, 2000 by Luminent, MRV's
subsidiary, to Dr. Spivey exercisable at $6.25 per share. These options
are described under the Employment Agreements section below. If the
market value of the underlying shares of Luminent common stock on the
grant date is assumed to equal Luminent's IPO price of $12 per share
(determined on November 9, 2000), the intrinsic value of Dr. Spivey's
options (the market price of the underlying common stock less the
exercise price) on the grant date was $27,600,000. The potential
realizable value of these options at assumed annual rate of stock price
appreciation of 5% and 10% for the option term calculated like the
amounts in the table accompanying footnote (2) are $63,824,331 and
$119,399,566, respectively.
FISCAL YEAR END OPTION VALUES
The following table provides certain information concerning MRV stock
options exercised by the Named Executive Officers during the year ended, and
held by them at, December 31, 2000.
Number of Shares
Number of Underlying Unexercised Value of Unexercised
shares Options at In-the-Money Options at
acquired upon Value December 31, 2000 December 31, 2000 (2)
Name exercise Realized (1) Exercisable Un-exercisable Exercisable Un-exercisable
---- ------------- ----------- ----------- -------------- ----------- --------------
Noam Lotan 48,000 $ 2,634,000 0 12,000 $ 0 $ 129,000
Shlomo Margalit 0 $ 0 0 0 $ 0 $ 0
Edmund Glazer 96,400 $ 4,295,160 36,400 101,600 $ 391,300 $ 662,200
William R. Spivey(3) 0 $ 0 316,315 0 $ 0 $ 0
Guy Avidan 0 $ 0 24,000 36,000 $ 258,000 $ 387,000
- --------------
(1) Based on difference between the closing price of MRV common stock on the
date of exercise and the exercise price.
(2) Based on difference between the closing price of MRV common stock on
December 29, 2000 and the exercise price.
(3) Excludes separate options granted on July 11, 2000 by Luminent, MRV's
subsidiary, to Dr. Spivey exercisable at $6.25 per share. These options
are described under the Employment Agreements section below. Of these
options, 1,200,000 were exercisable on December 31, 2000 and 3,600,000
were not exercisable. None of Dr. Spivey's options was in the money at
December 29, 2000.
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EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
In March 1992, the Company entered into three-year employment agreements
with Mr. Lotan and Dr. Margalit. Upon expiration, these agreements automatically
renew for one-year terms unless either party terminates them by giving the other
three months' notice of non-renewal prior to the expiration of the current term.
Pursuant to the agreements, Mr. Lotan serves as President, Chief Executive
Officer and a Director of the Company and Dr. Margalit serves as Chairman of the
Board of Directors, Chief Technical Officer and Secretary. Mr. Lotan and Dr.
Margalit receive base annual salaries of $100,000 and $110,000, respectively,
and each is entitled to receive a bonus determined and payable at the discretion
of the Board of Directors upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee
of the Board. Recommendations with respect to bonus levels are based on
achievement of specified goals, such as new product introductions, profitability
levels, revenue goals, market expansion and other criteria as established by the
Compensation Committee.
In July 2000, the Company and its subsidiary, Luminent, entered into a
four-year employment agreement with Dr. Spivey. Under the agreement, Luminent
agreed to pay to Dr. Spivey an annual salary of $300,000 with a bonus targeted
at $75,000 for 2000 and at $150,000 for the following years as determined at the
discretion of our board of directors. MRV granted Dr. Spivey an option to
purchase 316,315 shares of MRV common stock exercisable at $32.56 per share for
five years. Luminent granted to Dr. Spivey an option to purchase 4,800,000
shares of Luminent common stock at an exercise price of $6.25 per share. The
term of these options is 10 years. Dr. Spivey's option to purchase MRV common
stock was fully exercisable as of the date of grant, and his option to purchase
Luminent common stock vests in annual installments of 25%, beginning on July 11,
2000, provided, however, that in the event his employment is terminated by
Luminent other than for cause, he is entitled to receive from the date of
termination over a one year period an amount equal to two times the sum of his
annual salary plus bonus and all of his unvested options will automatically vest
and become exercisable. One-half of any unvested options will automatically vest
and become exercisable upon a change of control of Luminent, and all of his
unvested options will vest and become exercisable if such change of control of
Luminent also constitutes a sale of the company. The definition of change in
control and sale of the company excludes the proposed distribution by MRV of its
Luminent common stock to MRV's stockholders. Upon any termination of his
employment, Dr. Spivey's options are exercisable for two years following
termination of his employment. In the event Dr. Spivey voluntarily terminates
his employment, he has agreed to return any MRV shares he obtained upon exercise
of his MRV options less 2.78% of such shares for each full month of his
employment against MRV's repayment of the exercise price. Further, if he no
longer owns all of such MRV shares, he has agreed upon such voluntary
termination to pay MRV the difference between (i) the profit obtained upon sale
of such shares less 2.78% of such profit for each full month of his employment
and (ii) any nonrefundable taxes he incurred, plus expenses of $300,000 and his
exercise price of the options. MRV and Luminent have also agreed to use their
best efforts to register the shares underlying Dr. Spivey's options under the
Securities Act of 1933 at the earliest practical date. MRV registered the shares
underlying Dr. Spivey's options on July 27, 2000.
Each officer also receives employee benefits, such as vacation, sick pay
and insurance, in accordance with the Company's policies, which are applicable
to all employees. The Company has obtained, and is the beneficiary of, key man
life insurance policies in the amount of $1,000,000 on the lives of each of Drs.
Margalit and Mr. Lotan. All benefits under these policies will be payable to the
Company upon the death of an insured.
COMPENSATION OF OUTSIDE DIRECTORS
Outside directors, i.e., directors who are not employees of the Company,
receive cash compensation of $800 per month and $500 for each Board of
Directors' meeting attended, while serving as Directors. The Company did not
grant any stock options to outside directors during 2000.
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BOARD COMMITTEES
MRV's Board of Directors has established the Compensation Committee, the
Audit Committee and the Executive Committee. The Compensation Committee reviews
and recommends to the Board of Directors the compensation and benefits of all
the Company's officers and establishes and reviews general policies relating to
compensation and benefits of our employees. The Compensation Committee consists
of Igal Shidlovsky and Guenter Jaensch. The Audit Committee reviews MRV internal
accounting procedures and consults with and reviews the services provided by its
independent accountants. The Audit Committee consists of Igal Shidlovsky,
Guenter Jaensch and Daniel Tsui. The Executive Committee is empowered to take
any action that the Board of Directors is authorized to act upon, with the
exception of the issuance of stock, the sale of all or substantially all of the
Company's assets and other significant corporate transactions. The Executive
Committee consists of Noam Lotan and Shlomo Margalit.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
None of the members of the Compensation Committee has ever been an
officer or employee of MRV. None of MRV's executive officers has served or
currently serves on a board of directors or on a compensation committee of any
other entity that had officers who served on MRV's Board of Directors.
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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
beneficial ownership of the Common Stock as of March 31, 2001, of (i) each
person known by the Company to own beneficially 5% or more of the Common Stock,
(ii) each current director of the Company owning Common Stock, (iii) each of the
Named Executive Officers, and (iv) all current directors and executive officers
as a group.
COMMON STOCK
---------------------------------
NAME AND ADDRESS(1) OF BENEFICIAL NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE
OWNER(2) OR IDENTITY OF GROUP SHARES OWNERSHIP
- --------------------------------- ---------- ----------
Pilgrim Baxter & Associates Ltd. (3) 6,387,600 8.6%
FMR Corp.(4) 5,626,550 7.5%
Shlomo Margalit 3,342,060 4.5%
Noam Lotan 1,485,874(5) 2.0%
Edmund Glazer 130,800(6) *
William R. Spivey 316,315(7) *
Guy Avidan 24,000(7) *
Igal Shidlovsky 3,000(7) *
Guenter Jaensch 3,000(7) *
Professor Daniel Tsui 3,000(7) *
Professor Baruch Fischer 3,000(7) *
All executive officers and directors
as a group (9 persons) 5,311,049(8) 7.1%
-----------------
* Less than 1%
(1) Except as noted below, the address of each of the person listed is
c/o MRV Communications, Inc., 20415 Nordhoff Street, Chatsworth,
California, Chatsworth, CA 91311.
(2) Pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
shares of Common Stock that an individual or group has a right to
acquire within 60 days pursuant to the exercise of options or
warrants are deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing
the percentage ownership of such individual or group, but are not
deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage
ownership of any other person shown in the table.
(3) Based on Amendment No. 1 to Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on
February 14, 2001. According to this document, the address of the
firm listed is 825 Duportail Road, Wayne, PA 19087. Percentage
ownership is based on number of shares beneficially owned, as
reflected in the filing, divided by the number of shares outstanding
on March 31, 2001.
(4) Based on Amendment No. 2 to Schedule 13D filed with the SEC on
February 14, 2001. According to this document, the address of the
firm listed is 82 Devonshire Street, Boston, MA 02109. Percentage
ownership is based on number of shares beneficially owned, as
reflected in the filing, divided by the number of shares outstanding
on March 31, 2001.
(5) Includes 12,000 shares issuable pursuant to stock options
exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2001.
(6) Includes 36,400 shares issuable pursuant to stock options
exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2001.
(7) Consists of shares issuable upon exercise of stock options within 60
days of March 31, 2001.
(8) Includes 388,715 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options
within 60 days of March 31, 2001.
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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
In July 1998, the Company and Zaffire, Inc. (formerly New Access
Communications, Inc.) ("Zaffire") entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement,
under which the Company purchased for $950,000 shares of the capital stock of
Zaffire equal to approximately 19% of the capital stock of Zaffire then
outstanding and warrants to purchase additional capital stock of Zaffire, which,
if fully exercised for an aggregate of $2,050,000, the Company would own an
aggregate of approximately 60% of Zaffire's capital stock (when the shares
purchased upon exercise of the warrants were added to the Company's existing
stake in Zaffire). The warrants were exercisable in two installments (provided
the first installment was exercised) by July 1, 1999 and January 4, 1999,
respectively.
In May 2000, the Company, along with 36 other accredited investors, and
Zaffire entered into a Series C Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement under which
the Company purchased for $5,000,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock of
Zaffire. At December 31, 2000, MRV had an approximate 22% ownership interest in
Zaffire.
Zaffire is engaged in the development of new products based on wave
division multiplexing technology. Dr. Near Margalit is the Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer of Zaffire and a principal stockholder of it. Dr.
Near Margalit is the son of Dr. Shlomo Margalit, a principal stockholder of the
Company and the Company's Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Technical
Officer.
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PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
(a) (1) The financial statements filed as a part of this Report consist
of the financial statements listed under Item 8.
(2) The financial statements schedules filed as part of this report
consist of the following:
Schedule II --Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Report of Independent Public Accountants on Financial
Statement Schedule
(3) The following exhibits are filed as part of this Report:
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between MRV
Technologies, Inc. (a California corporation) and MRV
Technologies, Inc. (a Delaware corporation), as amended
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2a filed as part of
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
33-48003)).
2.2 Certificate of Merger by and between MRV Technologies, Inc.
(a California corporation) and MRV Technologies, Inc. (a
Delaware corporation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
2b filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by
referenced to Exhibit 3a filed as part of Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
3.2 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation
filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on March 20, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company's
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 filed August
14, 1998).
3.3 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation
filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on July 29, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Company's
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 filed August
14, 1998).
3.4 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation
filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 19,
1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the
Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998
filed March 31, 1999).
3.5 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation
filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 11, 2000.
3.6 Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3b filed as
part of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 33-48003)).
4.1 Specimen certificate of Common Stock (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.5 filed as part of Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-64017).
4.2 Specimen of Restricted Global Security (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company's Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 1998 filed August 14, 1998).
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EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
10.1 Lease for premises at 8917 Fullbright Avenue, Chatsworth, CA
dated August 5, 1991 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10a filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.2 Lease for premises at 8943 Fullbright Avenue, Chatsworth, CA
dated March 3, 1993 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10a(1) filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.3 Key Employee Agreement between the Company and Noam Lotan
dated March 23, 1993 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10b(1) filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.4 Letter amending Key Employee Agreement between the Company
and Noam Lotan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10b(1)1
filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.5 Letter amending Key Employee Agreement between the Company
and Noam Lotan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10b(1)2
filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.6 Key Employee Agreement between the Company and Zeev Rav-Noy
dated March 23, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10b(2) filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.7 Letter amending Key Employee Agreement between the Company
and Zeev Rav-Noy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10b(2) filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.8 Letter amending Key Employee Agreement between the Company
and Zeev Rav-Noy (incorporated reference to Exhibit 10b(2)
filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.9 Key Employee Agreement between the Company and Shlomo
Margalit (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10b(3) filed
as part of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 33-48003)).
10.10 Letter amending Key Employee Agreement between the Company
and Shlomo Margalit (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10b(3)1 filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.11 Form of Letter amending Key Employee Agreement between the
Company and Shlomo Margalit (incorporated reference to
Exhibit 10b(3)2 filed as part of Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003)).
10.12 Employment Letter between the Company and Khalid (Ken) Ahmad
dated August 8, 1990 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10b(4) filed as part of Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 33-48003).
10.13 MRV Communications Inc. Incentive Plan for Grant of Warrants
to Employees Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit No. 10.21 of Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K
(0-23452) for the year ended December 31, 1996 filed April
15, 1997).
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EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
10.14 Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Tenant Lease dated
October 8, 1996 between the Company and Nordhoff Development
relating to the premises located at 20415 Nordhoff Street,
Chatsworth, California (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
No. 10.23 of Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1996 filed April 15, 1997).
10.15 Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 19, 1998 by and
between Whittaker and Registrant (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit No. 2.1(a) of Registrant's Report on Form 8-K
filed February 13, 1998 with respect to the Xyplex
Acquisition).
10.16 Warrant Agreement dated January 30, 1998 by and between
Whittaker and Registrant (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit No. 2.1(b) of Registrant's Report on Form 8-K filed
February 13, 1998 with respect to the Xyplex Acquisition).
10.17 Warrant Certificate No. Whittaker #1 to purchase 421,402
shares of Common Stock of Registrant issued to Whittaker on
January 30, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No.
2.1(c) of Registrant's Report on Form 8-K filed February 13,
1998 with respect to the Xyplex Acquisition).
10.18 American Industrial Real Estate Association, Standard
Industrial/ Commercial Single-Tenant Lease - Net dated
November 17, 1997 by and between Ruth G. Fisher Living Trust
U/D/T dated June 28, 1990 and Registrant relating to the
premises located at 8928 Fullbright Avenue, Chatsworth,
California (incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.35
of Registrant's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1997 filed April 15, 1998).
10.19 New Lease dated February 22, 1993 by and between 495
Littleton Associates and Xyplex, Inc. relating to the
premises located at 295 Foster Street, Littleton, Mass,
Amendments Nos. 1 through 4 thereto (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit No. 10.36 of Registrant's Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997 filed April
15, 1998).
10.20 Fifth Amendment to Lease relating to the premises located at
295 Foster Street, Littleton, Mass. with attached Lease
Guaranty of Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.31 of the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 1998 filed March 31, 1999).
10.21 Underwriting Agreement dated September 18, 1997 by and among
Registrant, the Selling Stockholders named on Schedule I
thereto and the Underwriters named on Schedule II thereto
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.37 of
Registrant's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 1997 filed April 15, 1998).
10.22 Indenture, dated as of June 26, 1998, between the Company
and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Trustee,
relating to the Company's 5% Convertible Subordinated Notes
Due 2003 (the "Notes") (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 of the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June
30, 1998, filed August 14, 1998
10.23 Purchase Agreement, dated June 23, 1998, between the Company
and Prudential Securities Incorporated and Bear, Stearns &
Co. Inc. relating to the Notes (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 of the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 1998 filed August 14, 1998).
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EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
10.24 Indenture, dated as of June 26, 1998, between the Company
and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Trustee,
relating to the Notes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 of the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June
30, 1998, filed August 14, 1998).
10.25 Registration Rights Agreement dated June 26, 1998 between
the Company and Prudential Securities Incorporated and Bear,
Stearns & Co. Inc. relating to the shares of Common Stock
issuable upon conversion of the Notes (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Company's Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 1998 filed August 14, 1998).
10.26 Underlease dated September 16, 1998 between Lowe Azure
Limited, NBase Europe Gmbh and the Company relating to
property at Unit 16, Campbell Court, Campbell Road, Bramley
Basingstoke Hampshire, England (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.37 of the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1998 filed March 31, 1999).
10.27 Standard Industrial/Commercial Single-Tenant Lease - Net
dated December 1, 1998 by and between Radar Investments,
Inc. and Registrant relating to the premises located at 8943
Fullbright Avenue, Chatsworth, California (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.38 of the Company's Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 1998 filed March 31, 1999).
10.28 Stock Purchase Agreement Dated February 21, 2000 relating to
the sale and purchase of up to one hundred percent (100%) of
the ordinary shares in the capital of Fiber Optic
Communications, Inc. ("FOCI") and the sale and purchase of
two million four hundred thousand of ordinary shares in the
capital of MRV Communications, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.1(a) of the Company's Form 8-K filed
with the SEC on May 9, 2000).
10.29 Stock Option Agreement dated July 11, 2000 between William
R. Spivey and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4 filed with the Luminent, Inc. Registrant
Statement (file no. 333-42238) on Form S-1 on July 26,
2000).
10.30 Stock Option Agreement dated July 12, 2000 between Eric
Blachno and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.7 filed with the Luminent, Inc. Registration
Statement (file no. 333-42238) on Form S-1 on October 5,
2000).
10.31 Escrow Agreement dated as of 21st day of February, 2000, by
and among the Registrant, the Selling Shareholders of FOCI
and the law firm of Baker & McKenzie, Taipei Office
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1(b) of the Form 8-K
of the Registrant filed with the SEC on May 9, 2000).
10.32 Addendum to Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of April 14,
2000 by and among FOCI, the Registrant and the selling
shareholders of FOCI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
2.1(c) of the Form 8-K of the Registrant filed with the SEC
on May 9, 2000).
10.33 Addendum to Escrow Agreement dated as of April 14, 2000 by
and among FOCI, Registrant and the selling shareholders of
FOCI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1(d) of the
Form 8-K of the Registrant filed with the SEC on May 9,
2000).
53
54
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
10.34 Addendum No. 2 to Escrow Agreement dated as of June 26, 2000
by and among FOCI, the Registrant and the selling
shareholders of FOCI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
2.1(d) of the Form 8-K/A of the Registrant filed with the
SEC on July 7, 2000).
10.35 Addendum No. 2 to Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of June
26, 2000 by and among FOCI, the Registrant and the selling
shareholders of FOCI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
2.1(e) of the Form 8-K/A of the Registrant filed with the
SEC on July 7, 2000).
10.36 Memorandum of Understanding dated as of June 26, 2000
between the Registrant and the remaining shareholders of
FOCI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1(f) of the
Form 8-K/A of the Registrant filed with the SEC on July 7,
2000).
10.37 Stock Purchase Agreement by and between the Registrant and
the shareholders of Optronics International Corp. ("OIC")
dated April 23, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.19 filed with the Luminent, Inc. Registration Statement
(file no. 333-42238) on Form S-1 on July 26, 2000).
10.38 Escrow Agreement, dated as of the 23rd day of April 2000, by
and among the Registrant, the selling shareholders of OIC
and the law firm of Baker & McKenzie, Taipei Office
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 filed with the
Luminent, Inc. Registration Statement (file no. 333-42238)
on Form S-1 on July 26, 2000).
10.39 Stock Purchase Agreement by and between the Registrant and
the shareholders of Quantum Optech Inc. ("QOI") dated April
26, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 filed
with the Luminent, Inc. Registration Statement (file no.
333-42238) on Form S-1 on July 26, 2000).
10.40 Escrow and Stock Pledge Agreement dated as of April 26, 2000
by and between the Registrant and certain shareholders of
QOI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 filed with
the Luminent, Inc. Registration Statement (file no.
333-42238) on Form S-1 on July 26, 2000).
10.41 Addendum to Stock Purchase Agreement made as of June 16th,
2000 by and among the Registrant, QOI and shareholders of
QOI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 filed with
the Luminent, Inc. Registration Statement (file no.
333-42238) on Form S-1 on July 26, 2000).
10.42 Addendum to Escrow and Stock Pledge Agreement dated as of
June 16, 2000 by and between the Registrant and certain
shareholders of QOI (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.24 filed with the Luminent, Inc. Registration Statement
(file no. 333-42238) on Form S-1 on July 26, 2000).
10.43 2000 MRV Communications, Inc. Stock Option plan for
Employees of Optronics International Corp. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on October 13, 2000
(file no. 333-47898)).
10.44 Form of Stock Option Agreement for the 2000 MRV
Communications, Inc. Stock Option Plan for Employees of
Optronics International Corp. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-8 filed with the SEC on October 13, 2000 (file no.
333-47898)).
54
55
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
10.45 2000 MRV Communications, Inc. Stock Option Plan for
Employees of AstroTerra Corporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on October 13, 2000
(file no. 333-47900)).
10.46 Form of Stock Option Agreement for the 2000 MRV
Communications, Inc. Stock Option Plan for Employees of
AstroTerra Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8
filed with the SEC on October 13, 2000 (file no.
333-47900)).
10.47 1997 Incentive and Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, as
amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the
Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC
on November 2, 1999)
10.48 Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 1997 Incentive and
Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-8 filed with the SEC on September 24, 1999 (file no.
333-87735)).
10.49 Underwriting Agreement dated as of November 9, 2000 by and
between the Registrant, the Registrant and Credit Suisse
First Boston Corporation, acting on behalf of themselves and
as the Representatives of the several Underwriters
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of the Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed
with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.50 Master Separation and Distribution Agreement dated as of
July 25, 2000 between the Registrant and Luminent, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 filed with the
Luminent, Inc. Registration Statement (file no. 333-42238)
on Form S-1 on July 26, 2000).
10.51 Amendment to Master Separation and Distribution Agreement
dated as of September 8, 2000, between the Registrant, and
Luminent, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27
of the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 of
Luminent, Inc. filed with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.52 General Assignment and Assumption Agreement dated as of
September 8, 2000 between the Registrant and Luminent, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed
with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.53 Master Technology Ownership and License Agreement dated as
of September 8, 2000 between the Registrant, and Luminent,
Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of the Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc.
filed with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.54 Employee Matters Agreement dated as of September 8, 2000
between the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.30 of the Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed with the SEC
on April 2, 2001).
10.55 Real Estate Matters Agreement dated as of September 8, 2000
between the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc. incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed with the SEC
on April 2, 2001).
55
56
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
----------- -----------
10.56 Master Transitional Services Agreement dated as of September
8, 2000 between the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed
with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.57 Master Trademark Ownership and License Agreement dated as of
September 8, 2000 between the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed
with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.58 Master Patent Ownership and License Agreement dated as of
September 8, 2000 between the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc.
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed
with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.59 Indemnification and Insurance Matters Agreement dated as of
September 8, 2000 between the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed
with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.60 Master Confidential Disclosure Agreement dated as of
September 8, 2000 between the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 of the Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed
with the SEC on April 2, 2001).
10.61 Tax Sharing Agreement dated as of September 8, 2000 between
the Registrant, and Luminent, Inc. (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.37 of the Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2000 of Luminent, Inc. filed with the SEC on
April 2, 2001).
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP to incorporation of Report on
Financial Statements into Company's Registration Statements
25 Power of Attorney (contained on Signature Page).
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
Two reports on Form 8-K were filed during the last quarter of the period
covered by this Report, as follows:
(i) A report on Form 8-K/A dated September 29, 2000 was filed on October
5, 2000 supplementing and completing the Form 8-K dated July 26, 2000
filed on July 27, 2000, as amended by Form 8-K/A dated September 22,
2000 filed on September 22 reporting the acquisition of AstroTerra. In
that Form 8-K/A, the following financial statements and pro forma
financial information were filed under Item 7:
(a) Financial Statements of AstroTerra:
Report of Independent Public Accountants
56
57
Balance Sheets at December 31, 1998 and 1999 (audited) and June
30, 2000 (unaudited)
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1998 and 1999 (audited) and the six months ended June 30, 1999
and 2000 (unaudited)
Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December
31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 (audited) and the six months ended June
30, 1999 and 2000 (unaudited)
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1998 and 1999 (audited) and the six months ended June 30, 1999
and 2000 (unaudited)
Notes to Financial Statements
(b) Pro Forma Financial Information
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of
June 30, 2000
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of
Operations for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2000
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of
Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 1999
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial
Information
(ii). A report on Form 8-K dated October 16, 2000 was filed on October
16, 2000 reporting matters under Item 5
57
58
SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (the "Exchange Act"), the Registrant caused this Report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Chatsworth,
State of California, on April 16, 2001.
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
By: /s/ NOAM LOTAN
--------------------------------------
Noam Lotan, President and
Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes an appoints Noam Lotan, Shlomo Margalit and Edmund
Glazer, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents,
with full power of substitution for him in any and all capacities, to sign any
and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with
all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and
agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and
every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith,
as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby
ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of
them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
this Report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on
the dates indicated.
Names Title Date
----- ----- ----
/s/ NOAM LOTAN President, Chief Executive Officer (Principal
-------------------------------- Executive Officer), and a Director April 16, 2001
Noam Lotan
/s/ SHLOMO MARGALIT Chairman of the Board, Chief Technical
-------------------------------- Officer, Secretary, and a Director April 16, 2001
Shlomo Margalit
Vice President of Finance and Administration,
/s/ EDMUND GLAZER and Chief Financial Officer
-------------------------------- (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) April 16, 2001
Edmund Glazer
/s/ IGAL SHIDLOVSKY
-------------------------------- Director April 16, 2001
Igal Shidlovsky
/s/ GUENTER JAENSCH
-------------------------------- Director April 16, 2001
Guenter Jaensch
/s/ DANIEL TSUI
-------------------------------- Director April 16, 2001
Daniel Tsui
/s/ BARUCH FISCHER
-------------------------------- Director April 16, 2001
Baruch Fischer
58
59
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To MRV Communications, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MRV
Communications, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of December
31, 1999 and 2000, and the related consolidated statements of operations,
stockholders' equity and comprehensive loss and cash flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2000. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of MRV Communications,
Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1999 and 2000, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2000 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Arthur Andersen LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 19, 2001
F-1
60
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands)
Assets
December 31,
---------------------------
1999 2000
-------- ----------
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 34,330 $ 210,080
Short-term investments 10,141 73,947
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $8,451
in 1999 and $10,330 in 2000 60,637 61,863
Inventories 35,392 77,005
Refundable income taxes 3,216 --
Deferred income taxes 6,907 31,227
Other current assets 6,336 22,750
-------- ----------
Total current assets 156,959 476,872
Property and equipment, at cost:
Land -- 3,559
Building 3,814 19,563
Machinery and equipment 12,598 57,369
Furniture and fixtures 4,233 12,824
Computer hardware and software 12,913 10,823
Leasehold improvements 3,053 7,221
Construction in progress -- 3,815
-------- ----------
36,611 115,174
Less -- Accumulated depreciation and amortization (17,011) (42,905)
-------- ----------
19,600 72,269
Other assets:
Investments 101,936 31,734
Deferred income taxes 5,324 6,209
Goodwill and other intangibles, net 27,214 504,027
Other 3,500 5,660
-------- ----------
137,974 547,630
-------- ----------
$314,533 $1,096,771
======== ==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated balance sheets.
F-2
61
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par values)
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
December 31,
---------------------------
1999 2000
-------- ----------
Current liabilities:
Current portion of capital lease obligations $ 198 $ 163
Current portion of long-term debt -- 2,774
Short-term obligations -- 9,104
Accounts payable 33,455 56,088
Accrued liabilities 15,403 34,044
Income taxes payable -- 6,477
Deferred revenue 1,478 1,470
-------- ----------
Total current liabilities 50,534 110,120
Long-term liabilities:
Convertible subordinated notes 90,000 89,646
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion 1,481 621
Long-term debt, net of current portion -- 60,257
Other long-term liabilities 2,928 3,980
-------- ----------
Total long-term liabilities 94,409 154,504
Commitments and contingencies
Minority interest 2,775 50,592
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value:
Authorized - 1,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding -- --
Common stock, $0.0017 par value:
Authorized - 160,000 shares
Issued - 56,282 shares in 1999 and 73,327 in 2000 96 126
Outstanding - 56,234 shares in 1999 and 73,279
in 2000
Additional paid-in capital 191,468 1,060,650
Accumulated deficit (18,377) (171,330)
Deferred stock compensation, net -- (100,862)
Treasury stock, 48 shares at cost in 1999 and 2000 (133) (133)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (6,239) (6,896)
-------- ----------
Total stockholders' equity 166,815 781,555
-------- ----------
$314,533 $1,096,771
======== ==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated balance sheets.
F-3
62
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
For the Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
--------- --------- ---------
Revenues, net $ 264,075 $ 288,524 $ 319,394
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold (1) 165,385 197,442 203,371
Research and development (1) 25,817 35,319 74,078
Selling, general and administrative (1) 53,852 67,859 124,700
Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles 2,901 3,898 66,814
Purchased technology in progress 20,633 -- --
Restructuring costs 15,671 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
284,259 304,518 468,963
--------- --------- ---------
Operating loss (20,184) (15,994) (149,569)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense (2,480) (4,500) (10,129)
Minority interest (1,345) 610 796
Interest income and other 6,819 4,822 551
--------- --------- ---------
2,994 932 (8,782)
--------- --------- ---------
Loss before provision (benefit) for (17,190) (15,062) (158,351)
income taxes and extraordinary item
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 5,707 (2,153) (5,398)
--------- --------- ---------
Loss before extraordinary item (22,897) (12,909) (152,953)
Extraordinary item --
Gain on repurchase of convertible notes, net
of tax of $1,639 2,791 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss $ (20,106) $ (12,909) $(152,953)
========= ========= =========
Loss per share information:
Basic and diluted loss per share $ (0.38) $ (0.24) $ (2.33)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding 53,064 53,920 65,669
========= ========= =========
(1) Includes amounts relating to deferred stock compensation of $8.3 million,
$13.2 million and $38.4 million presented in "cost of goods sold", "research
and development" and "selling, general and administrative", respectively, for
the year ended December 31, 2000.
The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
63
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands)
Common Stock Additional Retained
------------------- Paid-In Deferred Stock Earnings
Shares Amount Capital Compensation (Deficit)
-------- ------ ---------- -------------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1997 52,720 $90 $ 175,872 $ -- $ 14,635
Exercise of stock warrants and options 606 1 1,509 -- --
Issuance of warrants in connection with
the acquisition of Xyplex -- -- 3,272 -- --
Purchase of treasury stock (48) -- -- -- --
Comprehensive loss:
Translation adjustments -- -- -- -- --
Net loss -- -- -- -- (20,106)
Comprehensive loss -- -- -- -- --
-------- ----- ---------- --------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1998 53,278 91 180,653 -- (5,471)
Exercise of stock warrants and options 2,156 4 2,816 -- --
Exercise of stock warrants by Intel 800 1 7,999 -- --
Corporation
Other -- -- -- -- 3
Comprehensive loss:
Translation adjustments -- -- -- -- --
Net loss -- -- -- -- (12,909)
Comprehensive loss -- -- -- -- --
-------- ----- ---------- --------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1999 56,234 96 191,468 -- (18,377)
Exercise of stock options 2,896 5 7,757 -- --
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options -- -- 11,417 -- --
Issuance of common stock in connection 14,123 25 639,172 -- --
with acquisitions
Issuance of common stock in connection 26 -- 354 -- --
with conversion of convertible
subordinated notes
Effect of subsidiary equity transactions -- -- 49,679 -- --
Deferred stock compensation -- -- 160,803 (160,803) --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation -- -- -- 59,941 --
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss -- -- -- -- (152,953)
Translation adjustments -- -- -- -- --
Comprehensive loss -- -- -- -- --
-------- ----- ---------- --------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 2000 73,279 $126 $1,060,650 $(100,862) $ (171,330)
======== ===== ========== ========= ==========
Accumulated
Other
Treasury Comprehensive
Stock Loss Total
----------- ------------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1997 $ -- $ (628) $ 189,969
Exercise of stock warrants and options -- -- 1,510
Issuance of warrants in connection with
the acquisition of Xyplex -- -- 3,272
Purchase of treasury stock (133) -- (133)
Comprehensive loss:
Translation adjustments -- (83) (83)
Net loss -- -- (20,106)
----------
Comprehensive loss -- -- (20,189)
------ ------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1998 (133) (711) 174,429
Exercise of stock warrants and options -- -- 2,820
Exercise of stock warrants by Intel -- -- 8,000
Corporation
Other -- -- 3
Comprehensive loss:
Translation adjustments -- (5,528) (5,528)
Net loss -- -- (12,909)
----------
Comprehensive loss -- -- (18,437)
------ ------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1999 (133) (6,239) 166,815
Exercise of stock options -- -- 7,762
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options -- -- 11,417
Issuance of common stock in connection -- -- 639,197
with acquisitions
Issuance of common stock in connection -- -- 354
with conversion of convertible
subordinated notes
Effect of subsidiary equity transactions -- -- 49,679
Deferred stock compensation -- -- --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation -- -- 59,941
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss -- -- (152,953)
Translation adjustments -- (657) (657)
----------
Comprehensive loss -- -- (153,610)
------ ------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 2000 $ (133) $(6,896) $ 781,555
====== ======= ==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
F-5
64
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
For the Three Years Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
--------- --------- ----------
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss $(20,106) $(12,909) $(152,953)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 7,902 12,501 77,871
Amortization of deferred stock -- -- 59,941
compensation expense
Allowance for doubtful accounts 2,591 1,416 4,683
Deferred income taxes 1,408 (1,302) (25,205)
Realized gain on investment (2,535) -- (50)
Purchased technology in progress 20,633 -- --
Extraordinary gain on repurchase of (2,791) -- --
convertible subordinated notes
Loss on disposition of property and -- -- 16
equipment
Tax benefit from stock option exercises -- -- 11,417
Other 324 -- --
Minority interests' share of income (loss) 1,345 (610) (796)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities,
net of effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable 12,263 (7,457) 4,949
Inventories 3,453 12,075 (28,869)
Refundable income taxes -- -- 3,216
Other assets 2,008 (519) (12,020)
Accounts payable (19,505) 3,698 28,939
Accrued liabilities (7,438) 1,715 4,040
Income taxes payable (7,006) (3,661) (5,154)
Deferred revenue 508 (2,920) 175
-------- -------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities (6,946) 2,027 (29,800)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment (6,337) (8,053) (23,977)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment -- -- 1,520
Purchases of investments (206,846) (19,242) (21,566)
Proceeds from sale of investments 173,714 38,293 97,704
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash received (44,695) (4,773) (44,517)
--------- -------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing
activities (84,164) 6,225 9,164
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net proceeds from subsidiary
equity transaction -- -- 132,290
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 1,510 10,820 7,762
Proceeds from issuance of convertible
debentures, net 96,423 -- --
Borrowings on short-term obligations -- -- 35,887
Payments on short-term obligations -- -- (35,949)
Principal payments on capital lease obligations (62) 94 (163)
Borrowings on long-term debt -- -- 62,696
Payments on long-term debt -- -- (4,002)
Repurchase of convertible notes (5,300) -- --
Purchase of treasury stock (133) -- --
--------- -------- ---------
Net cash provided by financing activities 92,438 10,914 198,521
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents (64) (5,528) (2,135)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,264 13,638 175,750
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 19,428 20,692 34,330
--------- -------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 20,692 $ 34,330 $ 210,080
========= ======== =========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
F-6
65
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2000
1. Business and Basis of Presentation
MRV Communications, Inc. (a Delaware corporation, MRV or the Company) creates,
acquires, finances and operates companies, and through them, designs, develops,
manufactures and markets products, which enable high-speed broadband
communications. MRV concentrates on companies and products devoted to optical
components and Internet infrastructure systems. Such products include fiber
optic components, switching, routing, transaction management and wireless
optical transmission systems. MRV's strategy involves creating value for its
stockholders and the other owners of its subsidiaries by helping the companies
grow and access the public and private capital markets.
As of December 31, 2000, MRV's more significant subsidiaries, development stage
enterprises and other affiliated companies were as follows:
Luminent, Inc, - Luminent is a 92 percent-owned subsidiary of MRV designing,
manufacturing and selling fiber optic components that enable
communications equipment manufacturers to provide optical networking
solutions for the rapidly growing metropolitan and access segments of the
communications network. Its products are designed to meet the increasing
bandwidth requirements between long-haul telecommunication networks and
end users. Luminent specializes in singlemode fiber optic components and
subsystems for high-capacity data transmission for long-reach applications
in the metropolitan and access markets.
Optical Access, Inc. - Optical Access is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MRV
designing, manufacturing and marketing optical wireless products that
enable the delivery of high-speed communications traffic to the portion of
the communications network commonly known as the last mile, which extends
from the end user to the service provider's central office. Management
believes its solution provides higher transmission capacity, or bandwidth,
at a lower cost compared to other commercially available last mile
solutions.
CEScomm, Inc. - CEScomm, formerly Creative Electronic Systems SA, is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of MRV developing and providing equipment to
manufacturers of cellular network infrastructure equipment and mobile
operators and service providers for the third generation of wireless
solutions for the next generation of mobile communications systems. These
new systems provide enhanced services to those available today i.e. voice,
text and data. CEScomm specializes in products that provide the real-time
conversion of radio signals generated by Internet ready mobile devices
into asynchronous transfer mode traffic streams.
iTouch Communications, Inc. - iTouch is wholly-owned subsidiary of MRV
providing next-generation Internet infrastructure solutions that enable
service providers and carriers to deliver and monitor, on a real-time
basis, high-speed Internet services. iTouch's products combine transaction
management with Internet protocol (IP) routing and wide area networks
(WAN), high-speed data acquisition and management systems.
NBase - Xyplex, Inc. - NBase - Xyplex is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MRV
providing products and services to enhance network infrastructures for
city carriers, service providers, cable operators and campus and
enterprise networks. Its products and technologies have been utilized in
metropolitan area based fiber-based networks, enabling smart access to
WAN, as well as in local area networks (LAN), switching, building
enterprise/corporate data networks.
Charlotte's Networks, Inc. - Charlotte is a 90 percent-owned subsidiary of
MRV developing a core router for large service providers and carriers. Its
product is capable of carrying both IP packets and time-division
multiplexing voice traffic and enables the current WAN to increase
processing power and rate of transmission. In addition, the router
provides multi-services required by telecommunication companies for
efficient and flexible transmission of voice over data networks.
Zuma Networks, Inc. - Zuma is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MRV developing a
next generation gigabit Ethernet switch router platform.
Optical Crossing, Inc. - Optical Crossing is a 60 percent-owned subsidiary
of MRV designing, developing and manufacturing advanced fiber optic
communication components and systems for the telecommunications industry.
Zaffire, Inc. - Zaffire is a 22 percent-owned, on a fully diluted basis,
affiliate of MRV focused on developing a next-generation, optical services
networking system for service providers.
F-7
66
RedC Optical Networks, Inc. - RedC is a 35 percent-owned, on a fully diluted
basis, affiliate of MRV that has developed a complete line of optical
modules used for operating, monitoring and protecting optical networks
including: optical amplifiers, add/drop modules, protection and
restoration modules and dense wave division multiplexing monitoring.
Hyperchannel Ltd. - Hyperchannel, which does business under its trademark
Hyporium, is a 42 percent-owned, on a fully diluted basis, affiliate of
MRV and an independent Internet market maker for the information
technology industry (IT), enabling IT vendors, distributors and resellers
to trade online.
In November 2000, Luminent, a publicly owned subsidiary, completed an initial
public offering of its common stock, selling 12.0 million shares at $12 per
share and raising net proceeds of approximately $132.3 million. As of December
31, 2000, MRV owned 92% of the outstanding capital stock of Luminent. MRV has
announced plans to distribute all of its shares of Luminent common stock to its
stockholders on the later of three months after receipt of a favorable private
letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or six months after the
offering, although it is not obligated to do so.
As of December 31, 2000, MRV owned all of the outstanding capital stock of
Optical Access. On October 6, 2000, Optical Access filed a registration
statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the initial
public offering of its common stock, which has not yet become effective.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts
of MRV and its wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries. All
significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.
Foreign Currency Translation
Transactions and balances originally denominated in U.S. dollars are
presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances in other
currencies are converted into U.S. dollars in accordance with Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 52, "Foreign Currency
Translation," and are included in determining net income or loss.
For foreign operations with the local currency as the functional
currency, assets and liabilities are translated from the local
currencies into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the
balance sheet date. Revenues, expenses and cash flows are translated at
weighted average exchange rates for the period to approximate
translation at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates those elements
are recognized in the financial statements. Translation adjustments
resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial
statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive
loss.
Revenue Recognition
MRV generally recognizes product revenue when persuasive evidence of an
arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or
determinable and collectibility is probable. Revenue related to software
and software maintenance contracts (both of which are immaterial,
individually and in aggregate) is recognized in accordance with the
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statement of
Position No. 97-2, "Software Revenue Recognition." Maintenance revenues
for customer support are deferred and recognized ratably over the term
of the maintenance period, generally one to three years.
MRV generally warrants its products against defects in materials and
workmanship for one year. The estimated cost of warranty obligations is
recognized at the time of revenue recognition.
F-8
67
Cash and Cash Equivalents
MRV considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of
90 days or less to be cash equivalents. MRV maintains cash balances and
investments in highly qualified financial institutions. At various times
such amounts are in excess of insured limits. As of December 31, 2000,
$132.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were
held by MRV's publicly traded subsidiary Luminent.
Investments
MRV accounts for its investments under the provisions of SFAS No. 115,
"Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities."
As of December 31, 1999 and 2000, short and long-term investments
consisted principally of U.S. Treasury notes. As defined by SFAS No.
115, MRV has classified its investments in these debt securities as
"held-to-maturity" investments and all investments are recorded at their
amortized cost basis, which approximated their fair value at December
31, 1999 and 2000.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market and consist of
material, labor and overhead. Cost is determined by the first-in, first
out method.
Inventories consisted of the following as of December 31, 1999 and 2000
(in thousands):
1999 2000
------- -------
Raw materials $ 8,475 $36,278
Work-in-process 8,083 17,721
Finished goods 18,834 23,006
------- -------
$35,392 $77,005
======= =======
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed
using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the
related assets. Useful lives range from three to thirty-three years.
Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and the costs
of additions and betterments that increase the useful lives of the
assets are capitalized.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles
Intangible assets represent intellectual property acquired, purchased
intangible assets and the excess acquisition cost over the fair value of
tangible and identified intangible net assets of the businesses acquired
(goodwill). Purchased intangible assets include patents, assembled work
forces, customer contracts and goodwill. Intangible assets are being
amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives
ranging from 1 to 12 years.
The components of intangible assets as of December 31, 1999 and 2000 are
as follows (in thousands):
1999 2000
-------- ---------
Patents $ - $ 64,600
Assembled work forces - 1,790
Customer contracts - 720
Goodwill 33,909 510,426
------- --------
33,909 577,536
Less -- Accumulated amortization (6,695) (73,509)
------- --------
$27,214 $504,027
======= ========
Impairment of Intangibles and Other Long-Lived Assets
MRV evaluates its long-lived assets, such as patents, assembled work
forces, customer contracts, goodwill and property and equipment, for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
F-9
68
carrying value of an asset may be impaired. MRV considers a history of
operating losses to be its primary indicator of potential impairment. An
asset is deemed to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted future
operating cash flows directly related to the asset, including disposal
value, if any, is less than its carrying amount. If an asset is
determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which
the carrying value of the asset exceeds fair value. Considerable
management judgment is necessary to estimate fair value.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
MRV's financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents,
investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities
and short-term debt obligations are carried at cost, which approximates
their fair market value due to the short-term nature of those
instruments. The fair value of long-term debt obligations is estimated
based on current interest rates available to MRV for debt instruments
with similar terms, degrees of risk and remaining maturities. The
carrying values of these obligations approximate their fair values.
Software Development Costs
In accordance with SFAS No. 86, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer
Software to be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed," development costs
related to software products are expensed as incurred until the
technological feasibility of the product has been established.
Technological feasibility in MRV's circumstances occurs when a working
model is completed. After technological feasibility is established,
additional costs would be capitalized.
MRV believes its process for developing software is essentially
completed concurrent with the establishment of technological
feasibility, and, accordingly, no software development costs have been
capitalized to date.
Income Taxes
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the
temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax
bases of assets and liabilities using the statutory marginal income tax
rate in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to
reverse. Deferred income tax expenses or credits are based on the
changes in the deferred income tax assets or liabilities from period to
period.
Earnings Per Share
The following schedule summarizes the information used to compute
earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data) for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2000:
1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- ---------
Loss before extraordinary item $(22,897) $(12,909) $(152,953)
Extraordinary item-gain on repurchase of
convertible subordinated notes, net of tax 2,791 -- --
-------- -------- ---------
Net loss $(20,106) $(12,909) $(152,953)
======== ======== =========
Weighted average number of shares used to compute
basic and diluted loss per share 53,064 53,920 65,669
======= ======= =========
Basic and diluted loss per share before
extraordinary item (0.43) (0.24) (2.33)
Extraordinary gain per basic and diluted
share 0.05 -- --
------- ------- ---------
Basic and diluted loss per share (0.38) (0.24) (2.33)
======= ======= =========
Stock-Based Compensation
MRV accounts for its employees stock plan under the intrinsic value
method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25,
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and related interpretations,
and has adopted the disclosure-only provisions of SFAS No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation."
F-10
69
MRV accounts for option and warrant grants to non-employees using the
guidance prescribed by SFAS No. 123, Financial Accounting Standards
Board (FASB) Interpretation No. (FIN) 44, "Accounting for Certain
Transactions Involving Stock Compensation, and interpretation of APB
Opinion No. 25," and Emerging Issue Task Force (EITF) No. 96-18,
"Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than
Employees for Acquiring, or In Conjunction with Selling, Goods, or
Services," whereby the fair value of such option and warrant grants are
measured using the fair value at the earlier of the date at which the
non-employee's performance is completed or a performance commitment is
reached.
Deferred stock compensation charges are being amortized using the graded
vesting method. Using this method, approximately 57%, 26%, 13% and 4%,
respectively, of each option's compensation expense is amortized in each
of the four years following the date of grant.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 1998 and June 1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting
for Derivative Investments and Hedging Activities," and SFAS No. 137,
which delayed the effective date of SFAS No. 133. In June 2000, the FASB
issued SFAS No. 138, which provides additional guidance for the
application of SFAS No. 133 for certain transactions. MRV will adopt the
statement in January 2001 and does not expect the adoption of this
statement to have a material impact on its financial position or results
of operations.
In December 1999, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No.
101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements," and related
interpretations. SAB 101 summarizes certain of the SEC's views in
applying accounting principles generally accepted in the Unites States
to revenue recognition in financial statements. MRV has applied the
provisions of SAB 101, which did not have a material impact on its
financial position or results of operations.
In March 2000, the FASB issued FIN 44, which clarifies the application
of APB No. 25 for certain issues, including the definition of an
employee, the treatment of the acceleration of stock options and the
accounting treatment for options assumed in business combinations. FIN
44 became effective on July 1, 2000, but is applicable for certain
transactions dating back to December 1998. The adoption of FIN 44 did
not have a significant impact on MRV's financial position or results of
operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with
the current year presentation.
3. Business Acquisitions
The following table presents information about acquisitions by MRV in each of
the three years in the period ended December 31, 2000. All of these acquisitions
were accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the results of
operations of each business have been included in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations from the date of acquisition.
F-11
70
Date of Total Form of Consideration and Other Notes
Acquired Company Acquisition Consideration to Acquisition
- -------------------------------- -------------- -------------- --------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000
Fiber Optic Communications, Inc. April 24, 2000 $310.4 million $48.6 million in cash and 5.4 million shares of common
stock and options issued; approximately 97% of capital
stock assumed; goodwill recorded of $261.6 million;
deferred stock compensation recorded of $14.1 million.
Jolt Limited May 1, 2000 $57.7 million 1.9 million shares of common stock and options issued;
100% of capital stock assumed; goodwill and intangibles
recorded of $33.7 million; deferred stock compensation
recorded of $25.0 million.
Quantum Optech Inc. July 12, 2000 $36.2 million 1.2 million shares of common stock and options issued;
100% of capital stock assumed; goodwill recorded of
$27.9; deferred stock compensation recorded of $2.7
million.
AstroTerra Corporation July 12, 2000 $160.3 million 2.4 million shares of common stock and options issued;
100% of capital stock assumed; goodwill and intangibles
recorded of $108.3 million; deferred stock compensation
recorded of $50.0 million.
Optronics International Corp. July 21, 2000 $124.3 million 4.2 million shares of common stock and options issued;
approximately 99% of capital stock assumed; goodwill
recorded of $99.5 million; deferred stock compensation
recorded of $13.4 million.
Other Various $15.0 million 507,000 shares of common stock issued; 100% of capital
stock assumed; goodwill recorded of $14.4 million.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
Whittaker Xyplex, Inc. (1) January 30, 1998 $38.3 million $35.0 million in cash 843,000 options to purchase common
stock issued. 100% of capital stock assumed; $20.6
million in-process technology expensed (2); goodwill
recorded of $10.3 million.
(1) Whittaker Xyplex, Inc.'s name was subsequently changed to Nbase-Xyplex and
most recently, to iTouch Communications.
(2) Technology In-process was valued according to the "milestone" or percentage
complete method.
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined
results of operations of these acquisitions as if the acquisitions had occurred
as of January 1, 1999, giving effect to certain adjustments, including
amortization of goodwill and other intangibles and deferred stock compensation
charges. The unaudited pro forma share data assumes the shares issued in
connection with these acquisitions were outstanding as of January 1, 1999. (in
thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited).
December 31,
-----------------------------
1999 2000
---------- ------------
Pro forma revenue $ 322,645 $ 335,486
Pro forma net loss $(115,775) $(143,044)
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share $ (1.75) $ (1.83)
Pro forma basic and diluted weighted average
shares outstanding 66,247 77,996
======= =======
F-12
71
4. Investments in Subsidiaries
The following table presents information regarding investments made by MRV in
subsidiaries accounted for under the equity method of accounting or
consolidated. Subsidiaries in which MRV owns greater than 50% ownership or
exercises control have been consolidated in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements.
Subsidiary Ownership % Form of Consideration
- ------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------------------
EDSLan SRL 80% (1) Purchased an additional 10% ownership
in 2000 for approximately $1.5 million;
purchased an additional 10% ownership
in 1999 for approximately $1.5 million;
purchased in additional 10% ownership
in 1997 for approximately $500,000;
purchased 50% ownership in 1996 for
approximately $1.1 million.
Tecnonet SRL 60% (2) Purchased an additional 10% ownership
in 1999 for approximately $600,000;
purchased 50% ownership in 1998 for
approximately $3.1 million.
RDS 62.5% Purchased an additional 12.5% ownership
in 1999 for approximately $2.4 million;
purchased 50% ownership in 1998 for
approximately $8.0 million.
Charlotte's Networks 90% (3) Issued 1.0 million shares of common
stock valued at approximately $61.5
million for approximately 10% in 2000.
RedC Optical 35% $5.0 in cash and issued 150,000 shares
of common stock valued at approximately
$11.5 million for approximately 32% in
2000.
Other Various (4) Issued 646,000 shares of common stock
valued at approximately $16.7 million
for ownership interest in various
non-consolidated equity investments.
(1) MRV receives 95 percent of EDSLan's profits or losses from the date of each
investment.
(2) MRV receives 90 percent of Tecnonet's profits or losses from the date of
each investment.
(3) MRV's ownership on a fully diluted basis (assuming exercise of all stock
options) is approximately 53 percent.
(4) Represents various investments, all of which are less than 50% ownership and
not consolidated.
Income and losses from non-consolidated equity method subsidiaries are included
in "other income (expense)" in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations.
5. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
1999 2000
------- -------
Payroll and related $ 7,055 $16,851
Other 8,348 17,193
------- -------
$15,403 $34,044
======= =======
6. Income Taxes
The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2000 (including provision of $1.6 million related to the
extraordinary gain in 1998) is as follows (in thousands):
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72
1998 1999 2000
------- -------- --------
Current
Federal $ 3,306 $ (2,139) $ 7,344
State 1,093 (413) 5,622
Foreign 3,324 1,701 6,841
------- -------- --------
7,723 (851) 19,807
Deferred
Federal (176) (1,487) (17,354)
State (31) 45 (7,137)
Foreign (170) 140 (714)
------- -------- --------
(377) (1,302) (25,205)
------- -------- --------
$ 7,346 $ (2,153) $ (5,398)
======= ======== ========
The income tax provision (benefit) differs from the amount computed by applying
the federal statutory income tax rate to income before taxes as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
----- ----- -----
Income tax provision (benefit)
at statutory federal rate (35)% 34% 34%
State and local income taxes,
net of federal income tax effect (6) 6 6
Permanent differences -- (15) (30)
Research and development credit 6 6 --
Income tax on extraordinary gain (10) --
Foreign taxes at rates
different than domestic rates (2) (17) (3)
Change in valuation reserve -- -- (10)
---- ----- ----
(43)% 14% (3)%
==== ===== ====
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73
The components of deferred income taxes as of December 31, 1999 and 2000 are as
follows (in thousands):
1999 2000
------- --------
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 2,548 $ 2,083
Inventory reserve 3,811 6,133
Warranty reserve 1,072 647
Deferred stock compensation -- 6,630
Net operating losses -- 29,014
Accrued liabilities -- 2,158
Other (524) 1,463
------- --------
6,907 48,128
Valuation allowance -- (16,901)
------- --------
Net short-term deferred income
tax assets 6,907 31,227
Purchased technology in progress 5,724 --
Depreciation and amortization (400) 6,209
------- --------
Net long-term deferred income
tax assets 5,324 6,209
------- --------
$12,231 $ 37,436
======= ========
Realization of the net deferred tax assets is dependent on MRV's ability to
carry losses back to prior periods or on generating sufficient taxable income
during the periods in which temporary differences will reverse. Management
reviews its deferred tax assets and has provided a valuation allowance based
on its assessment of the expected future benefit to be ultimately received
from each asset identified. Although realization is not assured, management
believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be
realized.
As of December 31, 2000, MRV had net operating loss carryforwards available of
approximately $106.8 million and $56.4 million for federal and state income tax
purposes, respectively, which can be used to offset future taxable income,
expiring through 2015.
In 1995, MRV, through a subsidiary in Israel, qualified for a program under
which it is eligible for a tax exemption on its income for a period of ten years
from the beginning of the benefits period. This benefit is due to expire in
2006. Due to operating losses at this subsidiary, no tax benefit was received in
2000. MRV received a tax benefit of approximately $300,000 in 1999.
MRV does not provide United States federal income taxes on the undistributed
earnings of its foreign operations. MRV's policy is to leave the income
permanently invested in the country of origin. Such amounts will only be
distributed to the United States to the extent any federal income tax can be
fully offset by foreign tax credits.
7. Short-term Obligations
Short-term obligations consist of secured and unsecured lines of credit,
short-term loans and notes entered into with certain financial institutions. As
of December 31, 2000, these short-term obligations totaled $9.1 million.
Approximately $2.9 million in assets of MRV's subsidiaries have been pledged as
collateral on these borrowings. The weighted average interest rate on these
obligations is 6.1 percent. These obligations are incurred and settled in the
local currencies of the respective subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2000, MRV
had approximately $8.7 million of available short-terms borrowings.
8. Long-term Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2000 (in
thousands):
Secured notes payable to financial institutions
bearing interest ranging from 6.5% to 18.0%,
payable in monthly and quarterly installments of
principal and interest through October 2012 $13,031
Term loan with a financial institution bearing
interest at 7.0% as of December 31, 2000, payable
in full in 2003 50,000
-------
63,031
Less -- Current portion (2,774)
-------
$60,257
=======
The following summarizes the required principal payments on long-term debt as of
December 31, 2000 (in thousands):
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74
Year Ending December 31,
2001 $ 2,774
2002 1,905
2003 52,061
2004 1,666
2005 1,608
Thereafter 3,017
-------
$63,031
=======
Certain assets of MRV, primarily through its foreign subsidiaries, have been
pledged as collateral under these obligations.
9. Interest Rate Swap
In April 2000, MRV purchased an interest rate swap agreement with a financial
institution. The purpose of this agreement is to establish a specific hedge to
prevent interest fluctuations due to floating rate term debt. Under the
agreement, MRV is committed to pay the financial institution interest based on a
principal balance of $50.0 million at a fixed rate of 7.11 percent as of
December 31, 2000) in exchange for the financial institution's commitment to pay
MRV interest on the same principal at the one-month LIBOR rate (6.6 percent as
of December 31, 2000). MRV includes the outcome of this interest rate swap
agreement in interest expense ($217,000 for the year ended December 31, 2000).
10. Convertible Subordinated Notes
In June 1998, MRV completed a private placement of $100.0 million principal
amount five-year, convertible subordinated notes (the Notes). The Notes bear
interest at five percent per year, payable semi-annually, and are convertible
into common stock at the option of the holders. The conversion rate is 73.94
shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes, equivalent to a
conversion price of $13.52 per share, an initial premium above market price. The
conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, including
dividends payable in common stock, issuance of stock rights to all holders of
common stock or stock splits or distributions to common stockholders in
connection with a tender offer. If a change in control, as defined, occurs, the
holders of the Notes have the right to require MRV to repurchase the Notes at
face value along with any interest accrued. MRV has the right, after June 2001,
to redeem the Notes at 102 percent of face value, and after June 2002 for 101
percent of face value. The Notes are not entitled to the benefits of any sinking
fund.
In connection with the private placement, MRV incurred costs of $4.0 million.
These costs are being amortized using the effective interest method over five
years, the life of the Notes. Amortization expense for the years ended December
31, 1999 and 2000 was $681,000 and $723,000, respectively.
In November 1998, MRV repurchased $10.0 million of the Notes for $5.3 million.
MRV recorded an extraordinary gain of $2.8 million, net of tax, related to the
repurchase of the Notes. Included in this amount is the portion of the Notes
amortization of expense of the costs attributable to the Notes repurchased.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
The Company leases all of its facilities and certain equipment under
noncancelable capital and operating lease agreements expiring in various
years through 2049. The aggregate minimum annual lease payments under
leases in effect on December 31, 2000 were as follows (in thousands):
F-16
75
Capital Operating
Leases Leases
------- ---------
2001 $ 207 $ 3,756
2002 200 3,007
2003 200 2,256
2004 152 777
2005 64 467
Thereafter 68 2,242
----- -------
$ 891 $12,505
=======
Less - Amount representing interest (107)
-----
784
Less - Current portion (163)
-----
$ 621
=====
Annual rental expense under noncancelable operating lease agreements for
the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 was $2.8 million, $4.7
million and $4.9 million, respectively.
Subsequent to December 31, 2000 and subject to certain conditions, MRV
has agreed to issue stock options to purchase MRV common stock and a
subsidiary is common stock to former employees. Additionally, MRV will
receive approximately 24% ownership in a new company formed by these
former employees in exchange for the transfer of intellectual property
from MRV to the new company. Should the certain conditions not be met,
no stock options to purchase common stock or the transfer of
intellectual property will result. Accordingly, due to the uncertainty,
no amounts have been provided in the accompanying statements of
operations for these items.
Royalty Commitment
Through subsidiaries in Israel, MRV is obligated to the Office of the
Chief Scientist of the Government of Israel (Chief Scientist) with
respect to the government's participation in research and development
expenses for certain products. Accordingly, MRV's royalty to the Chief
Scientist is calculated at a rate of three percent to five percent of
sales of such products developed with the participation up to the dollar
amount of such participation. MRV received participation of $350,000 and
$500,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. No
participation was received for the year ended December 31, 2000. The
remaining future obligation as of December 31, 2000 is approximately
$913,000 which is contingent on generating sufficient sales of this
selected product line.
Accounts Receivable
MRV, through foreign subsidiaries, has agreements with several financial
institutions to sell its receivables with recourse; in the event of
customer's default, MRV must repurchase the receivables. At December 31,
2000 the Company is contingently liable for approximately $23.4 million
relating to such receivables sold with recourse. MRV believes that
adequate provision has been made for losses on receivables with
recourse.
Litigation
In December, 1996, Datapoint brought an action against Nbase
Communications, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company ("Nbase") and several
other defendants in the United States District Court, for the Eastern
District of New York alleging infringement of two of Datapoint's patents
related to LANs, more particularly to claimed improved LANs which
interoperatively combine additional enhanced capability and/or which
provide multiple different operational capabilities. In the same
lawsuit, Datapoint alleges that other defendants including Dayna
Communications, Inc., Sun Microsystems, Inc., Adaptec, Inc.,
International Business Machines Corporation, Lantronix and SVEC America
Computer Corporation have infringed the same two patents. The Company
has been advised that several other companies, including Intel
Corporation and Cisco Systems, Inc., have also had actions brought
against them by Datapoint with respect to the same two patents. The
action against Nbase and its codefendants seeks, among other things, an
injunction against the manufacture or sale of products which embody the
inventions set forth in the two patents and single and treble damages
for the alleged infringement. Datapoint's complaint also seeks to have
the court determine
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that the named defendants shall serve as representatives of a defendant
class of manufacturers, vendors and users of products allegedly
infringing on Datapoint's claimed patents from which defendant class
Datapoint seeks the same relief as from the individual defendants. In
February 1999, the court entered judgement in favor of the defendants
and Datapoint filed a notice of appeal. The Company is cooperating with
several of the defendants in pursuit of common defenses and believes the
claim is without merit. If a conclusion unfavorable to the Company is
reached, however, Datapoint's claim could materially affect the
business, operating results and financial condition of the Company.
The Company has received notices from third party alleging possible
infringement of patents with respect to product features or
manufacturing processes. Management believes such notices are common in
the communications industry because of the large number of patents that
have been filed on these subjects. The Company's policy is to discuss
these notices with the senders in an effort to demonstrate that the
Company's products and/or processes do not violate any patents. The
Company is currently involved in such discussions with Lucent, Ortel,
Rockwell and the Lemelson Foundation. The Company does not believe that
any of its products or processes violate any of the patents asserted by
these parties and the Company further believes that it has meritorious
defenses if any legal action is taken by any of these parties. However,
if one or more of these parties was to assert a claim and gain a
conclusion unfavorable to the Company such claims could materially and
adversely affect the business, operating results and financial condition
of the Company.
From time to time, MRV is a defendant in lawsuits involving matters
which are routine to the nature of its business. Management is of the
opinion that the ultimate resolution of all such matters will not have a
material adverse effect on the accompanying consolidated financial
statements.
12. Stockholders' Equity
Authorized Shares
On May 10, 2000, the Board of Directors and stockholders of MRV approved
an increase in the authorized number of shares of its $0.0017 par value
common stock from 80.0 million to 160.0 million shares relating to the
two-for-one stock split distributed on May 26, 2000. MRV is authorized
to issue up to 1.0 million shares of its $0.01 par value preferred
stock, of which none has been issued or outstanding as of December 31,
1999 and 2000.
Stock Split
The Board of Directors authorized the splitting of MRV's common stock on
a two-for-one basis for stockholders of record on May 11, 2000 and the
resulting shares from the split were distributed on May 26, 2000. All
references to share and per-share data for all periods presented have
been adjusted to give effect to this two-for-one stock split.
Stock Options
MRV has various stock option and warrant plans that provide for granting
options and warrants to purchase shares of MRV's common stock to
employees, directors and non-employees performing consulting or advisory
services for MRV. The plans provide for the granting of options, which
meet the Internal Revenue Code requirements for qualification as
incentive stock options, as well as nonstatutory options. Under these
plans, stocks option and warrant exercise prices generally equal the
fair market value of MRV's common stock at the date of grant. The
options and warrants generally vest over three to five years with
expiration dates ranging from six and ten years from the date of grant
depending on the plan. The plans provide for the issuance of 13.4
million shares of common stock over the remaining life of the plans.
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77
Stock option information with respect to MRV's stock option and warrant
plans is as follows:
1998 1999 2000
---------------------- ---------------------- --------------------
Wtd. Avg. Wtd. Avg. Wtd. Avg.
Shares Ex. Price Shares Ex. Price Shares Ex. Price
------- --------- ------ --------- ------ ---------
Outstanding, beginning of year 2,416 $4.39 4,082 $2.49 3,980 $4.36
Granted 2,000 9.24 1,122 9.21 5,959 8.14
Exercised (236) 2.26 (744) 2.31 (1,660) 2.52
Forfeited (98) 5.55 (480) 2.63 (67) 2.56
Cancelled in repricing (2,996) 8.93 -- -- -- --
Granted in repricing 2,996 2.63 -- -- -- --
Outstanding, end of year 4,082 $2.49 3,980 $4.36 8,212 $6.29
Information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2000 is
summarized as follows:
Exercise Price Number Outstanding As Weighted Average Number Exercisable As
of 2000 Remaining Contract Life of 2000
------------------- --------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------
$ 1.82 - $2.63 3,511 6.29 Years 3,337
$ 2.75 - $2.94 1,081 8.09 Years 221
$ 3.00 - 33.00 3,620 9.55 Years 322
------- -----
8,212 3,880
======= =====
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
SFAS No. 123 permits companies to recognize as expense over the vesting
period the fair value of all stock-based awards on the date of grant.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting
restrictions and are fully transferable. Because MRV's stock-based
compensation plans have characteristics significantly different from
those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input
assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, management
believes that the existing option valuation models do not necessarily
provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of a wards from the
plan. Therefore, as permitted, MRV applies the existing accounting rules
under APB No. 25 and provides pro forma net income (loss) and pro forma
earnings (loss) per share disclosures for stock-based awards made during
the year as if the fair value method defined in SFAS No. 123 had been
applied. Net loss and net loss per share for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2000 would have increased to the following
pro forma amounts (in thousands, except per share data):
1998 1999 2000
---------- ----------- -------
Additional compensation expense $ 1,835 $ 2,888 $ 24,998
Pro forma net loss $ (21,941) $ (15,797) $(177,951)
Pro forma basic net loss per share $ (0.41) $ (0.29) $ (2.71)
Pro forma diluted net loss per share $ (0.41) $ (0.29) $ (2.71)
The following assumptions were applied: (i) no expected dividend yield
for all periods, (ii) expected volatility ranging from 22 percent to 162
percent, (iii) expected lives of 4 to 6 years for all years, (iv) and
risk-free interest rates ranging from 4.23 percent to 6.73 percent for
all years.
Common Stock Purchase Warrants
In connection with various public and private offerings of common stock
and acquisitions MRV has issued warrants to purchase additional shares
of common stock.
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78
A summary of warrant activities for the three years ended December 31, 2000 is
as follows (in thousands, except share prices):
Number of Shares Exercise Prices
---------------- ----------------
Balance, December 31, 1997 5,212 $ 0.14 to 16.25
Issued 842 17.50
Exercised (132) 2.13 to 2.80
Canceled (152) 4.21
------ ----------------
Balance, December 31, 1998 5,770 0.14 to 17.50
Issued - -
Exercised (874) 2.40 to 10.00
Canceled (1,556) 0.14 to 13.38
------ ----------------
Balance, December 31, 1999 3,340 2.13 to 17.50
Issued - -
Exercised (895) 2.29 to 16.25
Canceled (5) 2.13
------ ----------------
Balance, December 31, 2000 2,440 $ 2.13 to 17.50
====== ================
13. Segment Reporting and Geographical Information
MRV operates under a business model that creates and manages start-up companies
and independent business units. These companies fall into two segments:
operating entities and development stage enterprises. Segment information is
therefore being provided on this basis which differs from prior period
presentations.
Development stage enterprises that MRV has created or invested in are developing
optical components, subsystems and networks and products for the infrastructure
of the Internet. Operating entities of MRV design, manufacture and distribute
optical components, optical subsystems, optical networking solutions, and
Internet infrastructure products.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the
summary of significant accounting polices. MRV evaluates segment performance
based on revenues and operating income (loss) of each segment. As such, there
are no separately identifiable segment assets nor are there any separately
identifiable statements of operations data below operating income.
Business Segment Net Revenues for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2000 (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
--------- ---------- ---------
Operating entities $ 264,075 $ 288,524 $ 319,394
Development stage enterprises -- -- --
--------- ---------- ---------
Total revenues $ 264,075 $ 288,524 $ 319,394
========= ========== =========
There were no inter-segment sales for the years ended December 31, 2000, 1998
and 1999.
Business Segment Operating Income (Loss) for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2000 (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
---------- ----------- ----------
Operating entities $ (18,141) $ 4,017 $(100,759)
Development stage enterprises (2,043) (20,011) (48,810)
--------- ---------- ---------
Total operating loss $ (20,184) $ (15,994) $(149,569)
========= ========== =========
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79
For each of the three years in the period ended and as of December 31, 2000, MRV
had no single customer that accounted for more than 10 percent of revenues or
accounts receivable. MRV does not track customer revenue by region for each
individual reporting segment. A summary of external revenue by region follows
(in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
--------- ---------- ---------
United States $ 107,376 $ 122,054 $ 119,190
European Community 118,881 129,994 160,398
Middle East 5,634 4,166 2,483
Pacific Rim 24,892 28,921 31,891
Other 7,292 3,389 5,432
--------- ---------- ---------
Total net sales $ 264,075 $ 288,524 $ 319,394
========= ========== =========
Operating loss before other income (expense), provision (benefit) for income
taxes and extraordinary item (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
---------- ----------- ----------
United States $ (28,280) $ (5,781) $ (69,671)
Foreign 8,096 (10,213) (79,898)
--------- ---------- ---------
Operating loss $ (20,184) $ (15,994) $(149,569)
========= ========== =========
14. LAN Business
In February 2000, MRV discontinued manufacturing and supporting its LAN product
lines. In connection with his decision, MRV recorded one-time charges of
approximately $13.8 million primarily related to the write-down of inventories.
These charges have been included in "cost of goods sold" for the year ended
December 31, 1999 in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
15. 401(K) Plans
MRV has 401(K) savings plans (the Plans) at certain subsidiaries under which all
eligible employees may participate. The Plans provide for MRV to make matching
contributions to all eligible employees. In 1999 and 2000, approximately
$679,000 and $731,000, respectively, was charged as expense related to these
plans.
16. Supplemental Statements of Cash Flow Information (in thousands)
For the Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------ ------ --------
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during period for interest $2,569 $1,652 $ 3,635
Cash paid during period for income taxes $9,945 $4,887 $ 130
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing
activities:
Fair value of asset acquired, net of cash $ -- $ -- $ 48,611
received
Less: Liabilities assumed -- -- (44,190)
------ ------ --------
Cash received in acquisitions $ -- $ -- $ 4,421
------ ------ --------
Cash used in acquisitions -- -- 48,578
------ ------ --------
Cash used in acquisitions,
net of cash received $ -- $ -- $ 44,517
====== ====== ========
Common stock issued in connection
with investments in subsidiaries $ -- $ -- $ 90,126
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17. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter
------------- -------------- ------------- --------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000
Revenues, net $ 65,072 $ 73,935 $ 82,720 $ 97,667
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold 42,736 45,793 47,910 66,932
Research and development 11,891 14,758 21,803 25,626
Selling, general and
administrative 16,028 26,467 52,699 29,506
Amortization of goodwill and
other intangibles -- 12,055 27,348 27,411
-------- --------- --------- ---------
70,655 90,073 149,760 149,475
Operating loss (5,583) (25,138) (67,040) (51,808)
Other income (expense), net (488) (1,190) (5,764) (2,136)
-------- --------- --------- ---------
Loss before provision
(benefit) for income
taxes and minority
interest (6,071) (26,328) (72,804) (53,944)
Provision (benefit) for income
taxes (494) 1,377 1,005 (7,286)
Minority interest (287) (45) (570) 1,698
-------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss $ (5,864) $ (27,750) $ (74,379) $ (44,960)
======== ========= ========= =========
Basic and diluted earnings per
share $ (0.10) $ (0.44) $ (1.06) $ (0.62)
Basic and diluted weighted
averages shares 56,850 62,754 70,122 72,768
======== ========= ========= =========
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
Revenues, net $ 70,116 $ 73,251 $ 71,254 $ 73,903
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold 46,366 47,595 44,653 58,828
Research and development 9,592 8,572 8,476 9,806
Selling, general and
administrative 14,718 14,750 15,581 22,474
Amortization of goodwill and
other intangibles -- 1,142 951 1,014
-------- --------- --------- ---------
70,676 72,059 69,661 92,122
Operating income (loss) (560) 1,192 1,593 (18,219)
Other income (expense), net 278 132 165 (253)
-------- --------- --------- ---------
Income (loss) before provision
(benefit) for income
taxes and minority
interest (282) 1,324 1,758 (18,472)
Provision (benefit) for income
taxes 627 782 1,169 (4,731)
Minority interest -- (17) (22) 649
-------- --------- --------- ---------
Net income $ (909) $ 525 $ 567 $ (13,092)
======== ========= ========= =========
Basic earnings (loss) per share $ (0.02) $ 0.01 $ 0.01 $ (0.24)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ (0.02) $ 0.01 $ 0.01 $ (0.24)
Basic weighted averages shares 53,300 53,472 53,868 55,082
Diluted weighted averages shares 53,300 57,621 60,154 55,082
======== ========= ========= =========
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81
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To MRV Communications, Inc.:
We have audited in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the
United States, the consolidated financial statements of MRV Communications, Inc.
and subsidiaries included in this Form 10-K, and have issued our report thereon
dated February 19, 2001. Our audit was made for the purpose of forming an
opinion on the basic consolidated financial statements takes as a whole. The
schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts is the responsibility of the
Company's management and is presented for the purpose of complying with the
Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and it not part of the basic
consolidated financial statements. This schedule has been subjected to the
auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic consolidated financial
statements, and, in our opinion, fairly states in all material respects the
financial data required to be set forth therein in relation to the basic
consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Arthur Andersen LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 19, 2001
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82
MRV COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Schedule II -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in thousands)
Balance at Charged to
Beginning of Costs and Balance at
Period Other Expenses Write-off End of Period
------------ -------- ---------- ---------- -------------
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Year ended December 31, 1998 $ 4,252 $ 2,647 $ 2,591 $ (1,003) $ 8,487
Year ended December 31, 1999 $ 8,487 $ - $ 1,416 $ (1,452) $ 8,451
Year ended December 31, 2000 $ 8,451 $ - $ 4,683 $ (2,804) $ 10,330
F-24