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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998
ACTV, Inc.
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware __94-2907258
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(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
1270 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10020
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 217-1600
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(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of exchange on which registered
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Common Stock, Par Value $0.10 Boston Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act:
Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share
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(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Sections 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. / /
As of March 16, 1999, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant (based on The Nasdaq Stock Market closing price
on March 16, 1999) was $193,327,255.
As of March 16, 1999, there were 33,217,184 shares of the registrant's common
stock outstanding.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements as
defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-
looking statements include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals,
strategies, future events or performance and underlying assumptions and other
statements which are other than statements of historical facts. These statements
are subject to uncertainties and risks including, but not limited to, product
and service demand and acceptance, changes in technology, economic conditions,
the impact of competition and pricing, government regulation, and other risks
defined in this document and in statements filed from time to time with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. All such forward-looking statements are
expressly qualified by these cautionary statements and any other cautionary
statements which may accompany the forward-looking statements. In addition,
ACTV, Inc. disclaims any obligations to update any forward-looking statements to
reflect events of circumstances after the date hereof.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The term "Company" used herein refers to ACTV, Inc. and its
subsidiaries, ACTV Entertainment, Inc. and HyperTV Networks, Inc.
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
General
ACTV, Inc. has developed patented and proprietary technologies, which we
call Individualized Television and HyperTV(TM), that allow content providers to
create unique interactive programming for digital television and for
television/Internet convergence applications. Convergence is a term commonly
used to describe the merging of television programming with content provided
through the Internet. This merging of the two media can occur on the same
display device, like a computer screen, or on separate television and computer
monitors that are near one another.
Our individualized programming software technology provides the tools
needed to create and view live or pre-recorded television programming that
individualizes what the viewer sees and hears. The proprietary software can
remember every choice the viewer keys in with his TV remote control, allowing
the television to literally respond to each viewer with tailored programming and
advertising content. HyperTV(TM) software technologies enable the simultaneous
delivery of complementary video and Internet URL's directly to television
viewers and/or personal computer users. URL, which is short for uniform resource
locator, is the address of an Internet web site.
We conduct our Individualized Television and HyperTV(TM) operations
through wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACTV Entertainment, Inc. and HyperTV
Networks, Inc., respectively. ACTV Entertainment, Inc., in turn, wholly owns The
Texas Individualized Television Network, Inc.
ACTV, Inc. has granted ACTV Entertainment, Inc. an exclusive, perpetual
license to use certain patented and proprietary technologies for Individualized
Television in the United States and has granted HyperTV Networks, Inc. an
exclusive, perpetual license to use certain patented and proprietary
technologies for HyperTV(TM) worldwide. Under the licenses, each subsidiary will
pay ACTV, Inc. royalties on net revenues if the subsidiary is no longer majority
owned by ACTV.
Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this Form 10-K to ACTV or
the "Company" include ACTV, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries.
This document includes certain forward looking statements about ACTV and
its industry that are based on management's current expectations. Actual results
may differ materially as a result of any one or more of the risks identified in
the ACTV's filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Board Policy of ACTV, Inc; Corporate Structure of Subsidiaries
Our policy is and has been, as set forth in the prospectus relating to
its initial public offering in May 1990, "to license ACTV's technology and
arrange joint ventures for its use in a number of different industries." Our
board of directors has previously adopted, and has reaffirmed in 1999, a plan to
take effect in the event that an entity deemed likely not to further such policy
or to act inconsistently with the best interests of all our shareholders seeks
to acquire or has acquired 20% or more of our common stock. The text of the
board resolution is the following:
"Resolved, that it being in the best interests of ACTV, Inc. and its
shareholders, the board of directors hereby approves and adopts a plan that, in
the event that majority of the board of directors determines that an acquirer
has acquired, or seeks to acquire 20% or more of ACTV, Inc. and that such
acquirer is not a suitable acquirer in the opinion of the majority of the board
of directors since such acquirer will not further our policy of acting as a
broad licensor and joint venturer of our proprietary and patented technologies,
or is otherwise likely to act inconsistently with the best interests of all of
our shareholders, the board is authorized to take all necessary action to offer,
by
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invitation, stock, joint ventures or licenses to use and exploit ACTV's
proprietary and patented technologies. The board is authorized, in its
discretion, to employ an independent investment banking firm for the purpose of
evaluating various business alternatives."
Our board of directors has authorized that each of ACTV, Inc.'s direct
and indirect subsidiaries have two classes of common stock and one class of
preferred stock. The second class of common stock, designated as "class B common
stock," which is equivalent in the number authorized to 20% of the total common
stock authorized. Each share of class B common stock has 25 votes, compared to
one vote for each share of our first class of common stock. In this report,
whenever we refer to "our common stock" or "ACTV's common stock," unless
otherwise indicated it will mean our first class of common stock. It is the
board's policy that class B common stock may be allocated to executive officers,
directors and employees of ACTV, Inc. and its subsidiaries in consideration of
services rendered and to reward and motivate executives.
Certain employees, including Messrs. Samuels, Reese, Crowley and Cline,
have been granted options to purchase class B common stock, at fair value as of
the date of grant, of certain of ACTV Inc.'s subsidiaries; such common stock, if
issued, will have majority voting rights in such subsidiaries. No class B common
stock has been issued to date.
Both the board of directors' policy noted above and the voting power of
our class B common stock may have anti-takeover effect and may be used to delay,
discourage or prevent a change in control of ACTV, Inc.
ACTV was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July
24, 1989. ACTV is the successor, by merger effective November 1, 1989, to ACTV,
Inc., a California corporation, organized on July 11, 1983. ACTV's executive
offices are located at 1270 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020,
telephone number (212) 217-1600.
The Company
We use patented and proprietary software technologies to create unique,
programming for digital television and for television/Internet convergence
applications. We call the applications Individualized Television and
HyperTV(TM), respectively.
Individualized Television enables viewers to switch seamlessly and
instantly among multiple, real-time feeds of live or pre-recorded video, audio
and data. Individualized Television is a multi-path telecast of several elements
of programming material, such as instant replay on demand, isolation cameras,
statistical data, and/or additional features. There is no limit to the number of
viewers who can interact simultaneously with a program enhanced by our
individualized television programming capabilities. All the viewer needs at home
to receive individualized television programming is a standard digital set-top
box and remote control.
HyperTV(TM) is a patented process for the delivery of Internet web
information that relates to and enhances a simultaneous videocast. HyperTV(TM)
software uses the Java programming language, which was developed by Sun
Microsystems. HyperTV(TM) allows for the merger of video programming with the
vast information resources of the Internet, whether for the benefit of
television users in the home or for students in educational settings. In March
1999 we announced the introduction of HyperTV(TM). Previously, in mid-1997 we
had launched the first application of HyperTV(TM) for the education market,
called eSchool Online(TM). eSchool Online(TM) uses HyperTV(TM) technology that
integrates streamed educational video, relevant Web content, and functionality,
called "chat," that allows students and teachers to communicate in real time
through written Internet messages. In addition, eSchool Online(TM) gives
educators the tools to assess a student's performance and record the results of
the assessment.
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Since its inception, ACTV has incurred operating losses approximating
$72 million related directly to the development and marketing of the
Individualized Television and HyperTV(TM). For financial information on the
operations of ACTV's Individualized Television and HyperTV(TM) lines of
business, see the consolidated financial statements commencing on page 22,
specifically Note 13.
Individualized Television
We are seeking to exploit the U.S. digital television market on both a
regional and national basis. We are launching regionally-based, individualized
cable television networks, with programming provided through our strategic
alliance with FOX Sports Net. We have the rights to license FOX Sports Net
programming from each of FOX Sports Net's regional sports affiliates and to
offer enhanced FOX Sports Net programming to any distributor that carries the
corresponding regional FOX Sports Net channel. The FOX Sports Net agreement
extends through June 2003.
FOX Sports Net is a service of "National Sports Partners," a joint
venture between Cablevision's Rainbow Media Holdings, Inc. and FOX/Liberty
Networks, which is a 50/50 partnership between News Corp. and
Tele-Communications Inc.'s Liberty Media Corporation. Equally owned by
FOX/Liberty Networks and Cablevision's Rainbow Media Holdings, Inc., the venture
now reaches more than 58 million homes nationwide through 22 regional sports
networks.
We plan to develop regional networks in regions served by Fox Sports
Net, with distribution to be provided by cable operators that are currently
upgrading their service from analog to digital transmission. Initially, the
regional networks will feature sports programming. We will produce and
distribute programming within each regional network from a master control
facility in the region; the facility will include the necessary production and
transmission equipment to both create and distribute individualized programming.
We plan to launch our first regional network in 1999 in the region
served by FOX Sports Southwest. FOX Sports Southwest distributes programming to
more than 5 million households in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma and nine
New Mexico counties. Our southwest regional network will feature individualized
telecasts of professional basketball, including the Houston Rockets, the Dallas
Mavericks, and the San Antonio Spurs, Dallas Stars hockey, and Texas Rangers and
Houston Astros baseball. In addition, we will offer college sports events from
the Southeastern, Southland and Western Athletic conferences.
We believe that the differentiation afforded by our individualized
programming will allow distributors to offer their customers a unique
programming service that will enhance their customers' acceptance of digital
television. We will be responsible for the incremental content, transmission,
delivery and master control costs incurred in connection with the production and
distribution of individualized programming for our regional networks.
In each regional network, we plan to construct or lease a master control
facility that includes the necessary production and transmission equipment to
both create and distribute individualized programming. For our southwest
regional network we have constructed a state-of-the-art master control in the
facility used by FOX Sports Southwest in Irving, Texas. During 1998, we produced
more than 100 individualized live sporting events and distributed the programs
through TCI's Dallas cable system to a small number of test viewers.
In the southwest region, for example, to produce a live individualized
sports program, our master control receives multiple video/audio feeds from Fox
Sports Southwest via fiber lines. Our production team creates and adds
individualized programming elements, digitally encodes the programming and
distributes it via fiber or satellite to cable operators.
We expect our regional networks to derive revenues from subscription
fees paid by viewers and through advertising. Individualized programming gives
television advertisers the opportunity to target their message demographically.
By asking the viewer basic questions at the beginning of the
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program, we can recall this information during a commercial break and send the
viewer an appropriate advertisement. Alternatively, before a commercial break,
we can ask viewers the product model that most interests them. We record this
choice, then send the requested commercial to each viewer. This same choice can
be recalled at a later commercial break to provide additional information. We
store the each response in the system memory, and can later trigger branches
based on the accumulated responses, offering premiums, additional information,
or better targeted commercial messages to each viewer.
We have an agreement with Tele-Communications Inc., or TCI, under which
TCI will distribute and market our southwest regional network programming to its
digital subscribers in Texas. The agreement also contemplates potential
nationwide distribution by TCI of ACTV's regional sports networks.
Our first national individualized programming will be developed and
managed through a joint venture with Liberty Media Corporation. In September
1998, Liberty Media Corporation invested $5 million in our common stock with an
option to invest an additional $5 million. Simultaneously with this strategic
investment, ACTV and Liberty Media Corporation created a joint venture, LMC IATV
Events, LLC, to develop national applications of individualized programming for
major events.
LMC IATV Events, through an exclusive license from ACTV, has the right
to produce and distribute telecasts of major events incorporating our
individualized programming enhancements. As consideration for granting such a
license, we received a fixed one-third equity interest in the joint venture,
with no obligations to make additional capital contributions.
We have other strategic digital television alliances, including General
Instrument Corporation and Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. General Instrument, or GI,
an investor in ACTV, and Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. are the leading suppliers of
digital television headend systems and digital set-top terminals. Headend is the
term used for a cable television operator's facility that receives and
aggregates programming from television content originators and retransmits the
programming to subscribers in its multi-channel system. We have agreements with
both GI and Scientific-Atlanta for the incorporation of our individualized
programming into each supplier's respective digital set-top cable terminals.
Working with The Sarnoff Corporation, a world leader in the development
of digital platforms, we have developed and integrated our individualized
programming into the MPEG-2 digital set-top terminals manufactured by GI. We are
in currently in the process of doing the necessary work for integration into
Scientific-Atlanta's digital terminals.
Business Strategies
Cable television is currently available for purchase by a high
percentage of the nearly 100 million U.S. television households. The cable
television industry is an established provider of multi-channel programming,
with subscriptions from approximately 65% of total households in the United
States that have televisions. Traditional analog cable systems have typically
offered 25 to 78 channels of programming.
The development of digital transmission and compression of the
television signal allows for the transmission of a greater number of channels
with better audio and video quality. With digital compression technology, each
6MHz of bandwidth can be converted on average into four or more channels of
programming, thereby enabling a cable operator to offer a broader variety of
programming choices than analog systems. 6MHz is the bandwidth required for an
analog channel.
Once a cable operator has upgraded its headend for digital distribution,
a cable home needs only a digital set-top terminal with our software to receive
individualized programming. TCI has announced that it expects 30% of its
subscribers to have digital cable service by the end of 1999 and
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80% within five years. Many other major U.S. cable operators are also converting
their systems from analog to digital distribution. GI has announced orders to
date for approximately 15 million digital set-top terminals. The number of
digital set-top boxes deployed is crucial to us since we cannot sell our digital
programming services unless there is a digital set-top box in a home that is
compatible with our software. We receive no royalty payments from GI or
Scientific-Atlanta when they sell a digital set-top box to a distributor of
programming,
Our business strategies for the U.S. digital television market are as
follows:
Target regions where cable operators are deploying digital
transmission systems. For the launch of our regional networks, we have
specifically targeted certain regions of the United States where we believe a
greater proportion of cable operators are upgrading their headends and are
currently offering or have indicated they will soon be offering digital
converter boxes to their cable subscribers. We plan to launch our first regional
network in the area served by Fox Sports Southwest.
Negotiate and sign affiliate agreements with cable operators to
offer regional network programming to their subscribers. We have entered into an
agreement with TCI, under which TCI will initially distribute our individualized
sports programming to its digital subscribers in the Dallas area. The agreement
also contemplates distribution throughout the region served by FOX Sports
Southwest, with the potential for nationwide distribution by TCI of our future
regional networks. We are in discussions with a number of other cable operators
to sign affiliate agreements to carry the Southwest Regional Network. We believe
that our regional networks will provide cable operators with uniquely
differentiated programming that can help them attract customers to their new
digital services, as well as offer a potentially significant source of new
revenues.
Through a focused marketing effort, educate both cable operators
and potential subscribers about the benefits of individualized programming. We
believe that as cable operators become better educated about the benefits of
individualized programming and perceive the additional revenues that can be
earned by providing it to their subscribers, our revenues and penetration rates
will increase. As consumers and cable operators understand that we can provide a
significantly better way of viewing a sporting event, we believe our penetration
rates will grow. Marketing efforts may include: (1) offering sample regional
network programming on a free trial basis to potential new subscribers; (2)
cross-promotional activities with FOX Sports Net; (3) cross-promotional
activities with cable operators and (4) traditional print media, television
advertising, and other marketing strategies.
Through the joint venture with Liberty Media, offer
individualized programming of marquee events to a national digital television
audience. We plan to offer, through LMC IATV Events LLC, our joint venture with
Liberty Media, individualized telecasts of major sports and other events to a
nationwide audience of viewers who have digital set-top boxes, first through
digital cable systems and eventually through satellite television systems.
Keep regional network programming costs low during our first few
years of operation and expand its penetration through sports programming. We
believe that sports is the most popular programming genre for attracting new
subscribers to our regional networks and to individualized programming in
general. In addition, a focus on sports programming is more cost-efficient than
a programming line-up that includes other types of programs. Therefore, it is
our intention initially to keep programming costs low by focusing primarily on
sports programming.
Individualized Programming
Our process of creating individualized programming involves viewer
selection from a multiple number of frame-synchronized video, graphics, and/or
audio signals delivered at one time. Viewers see and/or hear only one of the
signals at a given moment; the others remain transparent. Each viewer interacts
with the programming individually by making selections or decisions using the
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standard cable remote control that comes with the digital set-top box. In
response to these keyed inputs, the individualized programming seamlessly
switches from one signal to another, giving each viewer his or her appropriate
response. The viewer cannot detect when such a switch takes place because it
occurs with frame accuracy.
The results appear seamless and uninterrupted -- for the viewer the
programming is completely individualized. Although an individualized program and
its associated branches are taped in a normal linear fashion, the program, when
shown, has thousands of possible variations available for each viewer to
experience. The particular version seen is based on each viewer's individually
selected preferences and inputs. An unlimited number of independent viewers can
interact with an individualized programming simultaneously.
Individualized programming can also be effectively employed for live
telecasts, particularly sports events such as those to be produced by the
Southwest Regional Network. For live events, individualized programming allows a
viewer to have a choice of simultaneous options like instant replay on demand,
feature packages that are created and made available as the event progresses,
alternative camera angles and in-depth statistics.
Individualized programming allows a television set-top terminal to
receive information from codes either embedded into the video program material
or delivered in a data packet. Our software maintains "memory" on the progress
of the viewer and provides for automatic branching. The switch from one digital
video stream to a different can occur based on the viewer's earlier input. At
appropriate times during the program, the set-top will make branch switches
automatically, accumulate data, recall information, create graphics and/or
implement a pre-programmed set of instructions. Individualized programming
creates an individualized look and feel by using relational database management
and a very small amount of local memory to create millions of possible program
variations.
In digital systems, we can provide multiple video, audio and graphics
signals within 6MHz of band-width by using MPEG-2 compression techniques at a
4:1 compression ratio. MPEG-2 is a widely-used standard for digital video. To
support our programming we do not require any communication capability from the
set-top box back to the cable operator's headend, also known as a "back
channel." . There is no additional memory or hardware necessary to upgrade a
digital set-top terminal to deliver the individualized programming to
subscribers. Our software application can be downloaded into each set-top
terminal, including those GI terminals already deployed in a cable subscribers'
homes.
Our software enables the implementation of individualized programming
into digital television systems at no incremental hardware cost. Individualized
programming can be delivered through any digital video system and received by a
digital set-top terminal compatible with our software. It can be transmitted
through any service provider's channel, and can even be broadcast under the new
digital television standard recently approved by the FCC.
We will create individualized programming in each of our regional
production facilities and then distribute it to operators throughout the region
via a number of different delivery options, including land lines and satellite.
We will determine the distribution method based on geography and on the economic
viability of alternative delivery techniques available in each specific region.
HyperTV(TM)
Our target markets for HyperTV(TM) are entertainment applications for
consumers and online learning for schools, universities and corporations.
HyperTV(TM) enables allows television programmers and advertisers to --
simultaneously, directly and in real time -- provide enhanced content via the
Internet that directly corresponds to the video program. With HyperTV(TM),
television programmers can extend their brand identity and further differentiate
their program offerings.
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HyperTV(TM) users can explore enhanced content, chat with other remote
users, play games, and shop online, all in synch with a live or pre-recorded
video program. For example, a HyperTV(TM) user watching a rock concert can be
"pushed" a stream of web addresses, in synch with the video, that simultaneously
provide relevant content from the Internet. Such content might include lyrics to
the current song, bios of featured band members, interactive trivia questions
about the artist, the band's fan club site, a recent article about the band from
a music magazine, or e-commerce applications such as opportunities to purchase
related merchandise like a CD, DVD or apparel. During a commercial break in the
program, an advertisement for a new car can be enhanced by simultaneously
delivering information from the advertiser's web site or the site of a local
dealership where users receive more information that complements the video.
HyperTV(TM) works by either embedding a stream of web page addresses and
other interactive content into the video signal or by transmitting them directly
over the Internet to the user's computer. The web content corresponds in real
time to what is being shown on a particular television channel.
Today, HyperTV(TM) users can watch video on a standard television set
while viewing synchronized web content and interacting with other users via
their computer. Users with a television card in their computers can see the
video and web content on the same computer screen. As broadband technology and
digital cable become more common, we expect that users will be able to
experience both video and synchronized HyperTV(TM) content delivered
simultaneously to their televisions.
HyperTV(TM) is software-based and platform independent; that is, it can
operate on any of today's most popular computer operating systems: Windows,
Macintosh or UNIX. HyperTV(TM) supports both analog and digital television
systems, so neither programmers nor users are required to upgrade their existing
systems to begin enjoying HyperTV-enhanced television content.
HyperTV(TM) has a database capability that allows programmers,
advertisers or other businesses to build one-to-one relationships with the
end-user by capturing permission-based consumer information, demographics and
preferences.
We launched in mid-1997 the first application of HyperTV(TM), eSchool
Online(TM), for the education market. It consists of a suite of integrated
software products, including content creation software, student and teacher user
software, and database assessment software. In addition, we provide eSchool
Online(TM) clients with Internet content development assistance, hosting of
eSchool programs on computer servers, and consulting to schools and
universities. Currently, all of our revenues are derived from sales to the
online learning market.
In August 1998, we entered into a joint marketing agreement with Sun
Microsystems, Inc., the developer of the Java programming language and a leading
provider of hardware, software and services for the Internet. Under the
agreement, ACTV and Sun will are working together to offer eSchool Online(TM) in
conjunction with Sun servers to large school districts and state education
departments for statewide programs.
With eSchool software, a student can receive a traditional video lesson
through a frame in his or her web browser, or from a television in the
classroom. Simultaneously, eSchool provides separate frames in the web browser
that display 1) web sites with supporting information; 2) dialogue with teacher
and/or other students during a live lesson; and 3) a "playlist" of web sites
received to permit navigation from one to another. eSchool content creation
software allows an instructor to easily select and order the addresses of the
web sites and related questions to be included in the playlist. The web site
addresses and questions can be assigned times and sent automatically to students
during a pre-recorded program, or in a live lesson. The instructor can trigger
any Web site address or question to be sent to the students at any time.
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eSchool's components include instructor and student user software, authoring
software and database assessment software. In addition, we provide Internet
content development assistance, hosting of eSchool programs on its computer
servers, and consulting to schools and universities.
Business Strategies
Internet usage in the United States has been growing exponentially over
the past several years. It is now estimated that 55% of households and over 80%
of public schools in the U.S. have access to the Internet. As Internet usage has
increased, online advertising expenditures and shopping volume have been
expanding rapidly, with estimates of $1.5 billion and $4 billion, respectively,
during 1998.
Due to the increasing popularity of the Internet, combined with the
established popularity of television, home computer users have begun to
simultaneously access Internet content while they watch television. A major
cable network study recently concluded that 13 million of its viewers were
connected to the Internet while watching television.
For the education market, industry observers expect that spending for
educational technology infrastructure will continue to rise substantially for
the foreseeable future. Thus far, schools that are connected to the Internet
have principally used it for research purposes, rather than as a tool for the
delivery of on-line learning. The growth of the Internet itself and of school
connectivity have outpaced both the training of teachers on the Internet's
functionality and the availability of on-line curriculum. As a result, it is
expected that school spending for Internet teacher training and on-line learning
will grow rapidly for the foreseeable future.
Our television/Internet convergence business strategies are as follows:
Develop joint venture relationships with television content
providers . We seek to enter into joint venture and license agreements with
television networks to jointly create and offer HyperTV(TM) programming that
enhances the network's standard telecasts. Potential HyperTV(TM) revenue sources
are advertising, e-commerce, or merchandise sales via the Internet, permission
marketing, and software maintenance fees. Permission marketing is the term for
using viewer data collected during a HyperTV(TM) experience to offer follow-up
messages based on the viewer's responses.
Develop HyperTV server farms. We plan to create server farms to
support HyperTV(TM) programming at various points of presence throughout the
United States. The server farms will contain robust computer servers and related
equipment that will be connected to the Internet backbone, with a goal of
providing simultaneous HyperTV(TM) access to approximately 100,000 concurrent
users through each point of presence. We plan to host our own HyperTV(TM)
programming on these servers, as well as offer a fee-based hosting service to
HyperTV(TM) licensees that produce their own programming.
For education applications of HyperTV(TM), focus on online
curriculum development for both schools and business training networks. We have
developed and adapted eSchool to target online learning curriculum development.
To date, our eSchool contracts with schools and universities have all included,
in addition to the provision of eSchool application and database management
software, Internet educational content development jointly by us and our
clients. We plan to market an adapted version of eSchool to the corporations,
principally for in-house training applications.
Set-Top Converters, Terminals, Computers and Networking Equipment
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We do not intend to manufacture set-top converters, terminals, video
servers, or other devices that enable Individualized Television or HyperTV(TM).
This equipment will be supplied to us pursuant to agreements with third party
equipment suppliers.
In 1996, ACTV and General Instrument signed a non-exclusive,
royalty-free manufacturing agreement for General Instrument's MPEG-2 digital
set-top terminals. Working with us and with General Instrument, Sarnoff has
facilitated the integration of individualized programming into these terminals.
General Instrument and ACTV also agreed to jointly market our individualized
television application, which operates with GI's current generation digital
systems and consumer set-top terminals.
In January 1999 ACTV and Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. agreed to incorporate
our individualized programming software into Scientific-Atlanta's advanced
digital set-top boxes, including the Explorer 2000.
We may grant licenses similar to those granted to GI and
Scientific-Atlanta to other manufacturers that are selected by the future
distributors of Individualized Programming.
We do not intend to manufacture any computer or networking equipment
needed to build our planned HyperTV(TM) server farms. Such equipment is readily
available from a large number of potential suppliers.
Patents and Other Intellectual Property
We have sought to protect the proprietary features of its individualized
programming technologies and HyperTV(TM) technologies through patents,
copyrights, confidentiality agreements, and trade secrets both in the United
States and overseas. As of the present time, the United States Patent and
Trademark Office has issued 16 patents that are currently in force, with
additional patents pending. The patents, which deal with HyperTV(TM) as well as
different aspects of individualized programming technologies, expire at various
dates from 2003 to 2016.
Corresponding patents for some of the above U.S. patents have been
granted or are pending in Canada, Japan, Australia and the European Patent
Office. We believe such patents will strengthen our competitive position in the
aforementioned countries.
The inventors named on all of the patents issued have assigned to us all
right, title, and interest in and to the above U.S. patents and any
corresponding foreign patents or applications based thereon.
There can be no assurance that our patents are enforceable, particularly
in view of the high cost of patent litigation, nor can there be any assurance
that we will derive any competitive advantages from them. To the extent that
patents are not issued for any other products developed by us, we would be
subject to more competition. The issuance of patents may be insufficient to
prevent competitors from essentially duplicating our products by designing
around the patented aspects. In addition, there can be no assurance that our
products will not infringe on patents owned by others, licenses to which may not
be available to us, nor that competitors will not develop functionally similar
products outside the protection of any patents we have or may obtain.
We require that each of our employees, consultants and advisors execute
a confidentiality and assignment of proprietary rights agreement upon the
commencement of employment or a consulting relationship. These arrangements
generally provide that all inventions, ideas, and improvements made or conceived
by the individual arising out of the employment or consulting relationship shall
be our exclusive property. This information shall be kept confidential and not
disclosed to third parties, except by our consent or in other specified
circumstances. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will
provide effective protection for our proprietary information in the event of
unauthorized use or disclosure of such information.
10
Product Development
Our current research and development efforts for the digital television
market are focused refining our individualized programming software and
facilitating its integration into digital set-top terminals. ACTV, Sarnoff, and
General Instrument Corp. have completed the project to incorporate our
individualized programming software into General Instrument's MPEG-2 digital
set-top cable terminal. We are also in the process of adapting our application
software for use in digital converters manufactured by Scientific-Atlanta.
For HyperTV(TM), we plan to continue to refine our existing software, as
well as adapt it for potential new markets. We have already released several
versions of eSchool Online, the first commercial application of HyperTV(TM), and
plan during 1999 to release the first version of the software for the consumer
market.
Competition
There are two major new digital television applications that directly
compete with us for use of the new digital distribution capability: high
definition television and multicasting. High definition television provides
better color quality, but has the disadvantage of requiring the consumer to
purchase a new, expensive television set. Multicasting increases the quantity of
programs available within a channel that used to be able to distribute only one
television program before the conversion to digital. Individualized Television
offers the consumer in-depth programming that is tailored to each person's
preferences. It is premature to determine the relative consumer demand for
improved color offered by high definition television, versus greater quantity
offered by multicasting, versus the individualization of content offered by
Individualized Television.
We compete with many other companies that provide programming for
the television industry and, in particular, with companies that provide sports
programming. Our enhanced version of a Fox Sports Net program will compete with
the simultaneous telecast of the un-enhanced version of the same event.
HyperTV(TM) competes in a market that is characterized by rapid
technological change and heavy competition from firms with a wide range of size
and resources. Our planned introduction of HyperTV(TM) to the consumer market
will put us in competition with more established Internet sites for advertising
and e-commerce revenues. In addition, eSchool competes with the products of
traditional education content providers; nearly all of such companies have
greater financial, and other, resources than we do.
Employees
At December 31, 1998, we employed 45 full-time employees. We believe
that our relationships with our employees are generally satisfactory.
Item 2. PROPERTY - OFFICES AND FACILITIES
We maintain our principal and executive offices at Rockefeller Center,
1270 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York, where we lease approximately
8,000 square feet for a base monthly rent of $22,200. Our lease for this space
extends through January 2001. We also lease office and technical space in four
other facilities, one each in New York, Dallas, Texas, Houston, Texas and Los
Angeles, California. The monthly rents for these facilities range from $1,460 to
$5,940. None of the leases extends beyond December 31, 1999. We consider our
properties adequate for our present needs.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
11
There are no pending material legal proceedings to which ACTV is a
party.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A
VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
On June 29, 1998 we held an Annual Meeting of Shareholders for which we
solicited votes by proxy. The following is a brief description of the matters
voted upon at the meeting and a statement of the number of votes cast for and
against, and the number of abstentions as to each matter.
1. Election of directors:
For Withheld
David Reese 13,112,912 130,895
Steven W. Schuster 13,113,872 129,935
2. To approve the adoption of the ACTV's 1998 Stock Option Plan.
For Against Abstain
5,374,163 454,889 76,260
3. To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as independent auditors
For Against Abstain
13,135,792 49,045 58,970
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON
EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
ACTV's common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market and the Boston
Stock Exchange under the symbols "IATV" and "IAT", respectively. The following
table sets forth the high and low bid prices for Common Stock as reported by
Nasdaq.
Common Stock
1998 Quarter High Low
-------------------------
First 2.125 1.500
Second 2.500 1.375
Third 2.969 1.500
Fourth 4.500 1.563
1997 Quarter High Low
-------------------------
First 3.750 2.000
Second 2.188 1.281
Third 1.906 1.375
Fourth 2.081 1.281
On March 16, 1999, there were approximately 330 holders of record of ACTV's
33,217,184 outstanding shares of common stock.
12
On March 16, 1999, the high and low bid prices of the common stock as reported
by Nasdaq were $7 1/4 and $6 5/16, respectively.
ACTV has not paid cash dividends since its organization. We plan to use
earnings, if any, to fund growth and do not anticipate the declaration or the
payment of cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
13
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Statement of Operations:
Revenues (1) $938,416 $1,311,860 $1,476,329 $1,650,955 $1,405,838
Operating Expenses (1) 5,734,132 8,272,884 10,240,158 9,120,266 15,618,389
Equity in Net Loss of
ACTV Interactive (2) 143,500 -- -- -- --
Loss Before Extraordinary
Item 5,122,010 6,920,906 10,300,481 10,358,683 20,868,324
Net Loss Applicable to
Common Shareholders(3) 4,465,240 6,826,789 10,300,481 10,358,683 20,868,324
Weighted Average Shares
Outstanding 7,897,278 10,162,128 11,739,768 12,883,848 21,399,041
Loss Per Basic and Diluted
Common Share Before
Extraordinary Item .65 .68 .88 .80 .98
Loss Per Basic and Diluted
Common Share (3) .57 .67 .88 .80 .98
Balance Sheet Data: 12/31/94 12/31/95 12/31/96 12/31/97 12/31/98
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Working Capital 1,503,703 2,397,027 5,093,859 (1,082,097) 3,418,503
Total Assets 7,733,314 8,551,128 11,692,624 7,901,918 13,606,041
Long Term Obligations 2,325,061 -- -- -- 5,686,641
Convertible Preferred Stock
of Subsidiary -- -- 6,615,664 7,029,708 --
Stockholders' Equity (4) 3,972,543 6,893,853 2,585,404 (1,613,418) 4,763,348
Total Capitalization,
including 6,297,604 6,893,853 9,201,068 5,416,290 4,763,348
Minority Interest
(1) For the period between January 1, 1993, and March 11, 1994, all
education sales and expenses were reported separately by ACTV's 49%
affiliate, ACTV Interactive, and were not consolidated with ACTV's
statements of operations. For the remainder of 1994, operational results
related to education were included with those of ACTV, as a result of
ACTV's March 11, 1994 purchase of the Washington Post Company's 51%
interest in ACTV Interactive.
(2) The results of ACTV Interactive are accounted for under the equity
method of accounting for 1993 and for the period January 1, 1994 to
March 11, 1994.
(3) Includes for the year ended 12/31/94 an extraordinary gain of $656,770,
($.08 per share) related to the extinguishment of debt and equipment
lease obligations. Includes for the year ended 12/31/95 an extraordinary
gain of $94,117 ($.01 per share) related to the extinguishment of debt
obligations.
(4) No cash or non-cash dividends on Common Stock have been paid or granted
and ACTV does not anticipate the declaration or payment of dividends on
Common Stock in the foreseeable future. The Company has not paid cash
dividends since its inception and expects to continue to pay preferred
dividends in kind. The Company plans to use earnings, if any, to fund
growth and does not anticipate the declaration or the payment of cash
dividends in the foreseeable future.
14
Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Company
To the extent that the information presented in this Form 10-K discusses
financial projections, information or expectations about our products or
markets, or otherwise makes statements about future events, such statements are
forward-looking and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that
could cause actual results to differ materially from the statements made. These
include, among others, the successful and timely development and acceptance of
new products and markets and the availability of sufficient funding to effect
such product and/or market development.
Since its inception, we have incurred operating losses approximating $72
million related directly to the development and marketing of Individualized
Television and HyperTV(TM).
We are seeking to exploit the entertainment market for individualized
television programming, principally in the U.S., through our planned regional
networks. Programming for the regional networks is provided through our
strategic alliance with FOX Sports Net. The contribution of FOX Sports Net's
programming rights, production elements for each sporting event, and brand name
is extremely valuable to us, since the cost for us to secure the rights to and
produce such events, as well as build a brand identity on our own, would be
prohibitive. Our obligation is to pay FOX Sports Net a percentage of our net
subscriber revenue we receive from cable operators. In addition, we must bear
the production cost of all extra or new elements, like an extra camera to focus
on a particular star, that are used in our programming. We must also build and
maintain the production facility where we produce our enhanced programming.
We have entered into an agreement with TCI to distribute and market our
first regional network to TCI's digital subscribers in Texas. The agreement also
contemplates potential nationwide distribution by TCI of our regional sports
networks. TCI is the largest distributor of Fox Sports Southwest programming,
representing 25% of the market. In addition, TCI is prioritizing Texas for the
roll-out of digital set-top boxes. TCI takes a percentage of revenue from the
fees paid by subscribers to our network and remits the balance to us.
We plan to launch our first regional network in the southwestern United
States during 1999. Our projection, based on assumptions that could prove to be
incorrect, is that this network will break even after two full years of
operation. Even if we achieve this break-even goal for our first region, given
our plan to launch similar networks in many other regions, it is highly unlikely
that we will be profitable for the foreseeable future.
To date, nearly all of our revenues have been derived from sales to the
education market. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully
compete in this market, where many of our current and potential competitors are
companies with significantly greater resources than we do.
15
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 1997 and December 31, 1998
During the year ended December 31, 1998, our revenues decreased 15%, to
$1,405,838, from $1,650,955 for the year ended December 31, 1997. The decrease
was the result of our product shift toward online learning software and services
in 1998 and away from video programming and related equipment. All of our
revenues during 1998 were derived from the online learning market, compared to
only 20% of 1997 revenues.
Cost of sales decreased 54% in 1998, to $218,514 from $471,956 in 1997,
and cost of sales as a percentage of sales revenue decreased to 16% in the more
recent year, from 29% in 1997. The relatively lower cost of sales in 1998 was
due to eSchool's higher gross margins than those of video programming and
related equipment, which represented the majority of revenues in 1997.
Total expenses excluding cost of sales, net interest expense, and
minority interest -- subsidiary preferred stock dividends and accretion in 1998
increased 78%, to $15,399,875, from $8,648,310 in the comparable period in 1997.
The increase was attributable to a number of factors, including a large change
in stock appreciation rights expense due a higher common stock price at December
31, 1998, a rise in both operating and selling and administrative expenses
principally from increased activity of our Texas-based regional network
operation, and to higher depreciation and amortization expense.
Depreciation and amortization expense for 1998 increased 103%, to
$1,532,731, from $754,053 for 1997. This increase was due principally to
depreciation for the full year in 1998 of television production equipment
installed in our Texas subsidiary's facility, compared to several months during
1997, and to greater amortization of software development costs in the more
recent year.
We incurred interest expense of $932,247 for 1998, compared to no
interest expense for 1997. Interest expense is related to a $5 million face
value note issued by a subsidiary ACTV, Inc. in January 1998. Interest income
for 1998 increased 58%, to $184,285, compared with $116,870 in 1997. The
increase resulted from higher available average cash balances in the more recent
year.
For 1998 and 1997, we recorded $5,591,846 and $3,006,242, respectively,
for dividends and accretion on subsidiary convertible preferred stock issuances,
which were accounted for as minority interest. All dividend payments were made
in common stock. The increase during 1998 is the result principally of our
redemption in full of the subsidiary convertible preferred stock.
For the year ended December 31, 1998, our net loss applicable to common
shareholders was $20,868,324, or $.98 per basic and diluted share, an increase
of 101% over the net loss of $10,358,683 or $.80 per basic and diluted share,
incurred in 1997. The increase in net loss was due both to higher operating
expenses and depreciation and amortization, as well as an increase in charges
from stock appreciation rights and subsidiary preferred stock dividends,
accretion and redemption.
16
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1997
During the year ended December 31, 1997, our revenues increased 12%, to
$1,650,955, from $1,476,329 for the year ended December 31, 1996. All revenues
during 1997 were derived from the education market, while in 1996, our revenues
derived from education sales as well as from license and executive producer
fees. The revenue increase in the more recent period was the result of the
inclusion of sales from eSchool, which was introduced during Fiscal 1997, and
higher sales of distance learning products and services when compared to 1996.
Cost of sales decreased 27% in 1997, to $471,956 , from $647,488 in
Fiscal 1996, and cost of sales as a percentage of sales revenue decreased to 29%
in the more recent year, from 44% in 1996. The relatively lower cost of sales in
1997 was due to a greater proportion of educational programming revenues and the
inclusion of eSchool sales in 1997. Both eSchool and educational programming
have higher gross margins than our other sources of revenue.
Total expenses excluding cost of sales, interest expense, and minority
interest -- subsidiary preferred stock dividends and accretion in 1997 decreased
10%, to $8,648,310, from $9,592,670 in the comparable period in 1996. The
decrease was partially attributable to lower operating expenses and depreciation
and amortization expense in the more recent period, which more than offset an
increase in selling and administrative expense. Also, we recorded a gain of
$346,892 in 1997, compared to an expense of $183,634 related to stock
appreciation rights. The difference was the result of a lower market price for
our common stock at the end of 1997, when compared to the end of 1996. Finally,
during Fiscal 1996 we incurred a valuation allowance of $274,325 related to an
investment in an affiliated company and, as a component of Fiscal 1996 selling
and administrative expense, reserved $82,746 against license fee and production
service receivables from this affiliate. During 1997, we incurred no valuation
allowance.
For 1997, direct expenses related to the entertainment and education
markets were approximately $2.7 million and $2.9 million, respectively.
Depreciation and amortization expense for 1997 decreased 11%, to
$754,053, from $846,351 for 1996. This decrease was due primarily to the
recognition during 1996 of amortization expense for programming assets that were
fully amortized during that year.
We had no interest expense for either 1997 or 1996. Interest income for
1997 decreased 26%, to $116,870, compared with $158,732 in 1996. The decrease
resulted from lower available average cash balances in the more recent year.
For the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, we recorded $3,006,242
and $1,695,384, respectively, for dividends and accretion on subsidiary
convertible preferred stock issuances, which were accounted for as minority
interest. All dividend payments were made in our common stock. The increase
during 1997 is the result of our having subsidiary convertible preferred stock
outstanding for less than half of the year during 1996.
For year ended December 31, 1997, our net loss was $10,358,683, or $.80
per basic and diluted share, an increase of less than 1% over the net loss of
$10,300,481 or $.88 per basic and diluted share, incurred in 1996. The decrease
in net loss was due principally to higher gross margins, lower operating
expenses, and lower depreciation and amortization and stock appreciation rights
expenses during the more recent year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
17
Since its inception, ACTV, Inc. (including its operating subsidiaries)
has not generated revenues sufficient to fund its operations, and has incurred
operating losses. Through December 31, 1998, we had an accumulated deficit of
approximately $72 million. Our cash position on December 31, 1998, was
$5,188,170, compared to $554,077 on December 31, 1997.
During the year ended December 31, 1998, we used $10,034,461 in cash for
our operations, compared with $6,603,499 for the year ended December 31, 1997.
The increase in the more recent year was due to both a higher operating deficit
in the more recent year, as well as a net use of cash related to asset and
liability changes. We met our cash needs in the year ended December 31, 1998
from sales of common stock totaling approximately $10.8 to private investors,
including $5 million invested by Liberty Media Corporation. Liberty also
received an option to invest an additional $5 million for the same price per
share. We met our cash needs in the year ended December 31, 1997 from the
proceeds of a series of private placements during 1997 of common stock totaling
$1.5 million, convertible preferred stock totaling $2.0 million, and from the
remainder of funds received from the sale in 1996 of exchangeable preferred
stock issued by a wholly-owned subsidiary totaling $9.1 million.
With respect to investing activities in the year ended December 31,
1998, we used cash of $1,927,921 for patents, property and equipment, and
systems and software development. During the year ended December 31, 1997, we
used cash of $2,895,803, related principally to the development of HyperTV(TM),
the purchase of equipment for a television master control facility in Dallas,
Texas and for the systems development related to the incorporation of
individualized programming into the GI cable set-top terminal.
All of ACTV, Inc.'s subsidiaries have been dependent on advances from
the parent company to meet their obligations. ACTV, Inc.'s, The Texas
Individualized Television Network, Inc., in January 1998 raised funds directly
for its operations and also received funding from ACTV, Inc. during 1998. During
the year ended December 31, 1998, ACTV, Inc. advanced approximately $2.6 million
to HyperTV Networks, Inc., $1.5 million to The Texas Individualized Television
Network, Inc., and $200,000 to ACTV Entertainment, Inc.
Advances are based upon budgeted expenses and revenues for each
respective subsidiary. Adjustments are made during the course of the year based
upon the subsidiary's performance versus the projections made in the budget.
As compared to our balance sheet as of December 31, 1997, our balance
sheet as of December 31, 1998, reflects a decrease of $403,164 in preferred
dividends payable, resulting principally from the redemption in late 1998 of
convertible preferred stock of issued by a subsidiary of ACTV, Inc.
In January 1998, the ACTV, Inc. subsidiaries ACTV Entertainment, Inc.
and The Texas Individualized Television Network, Inc. entered into a note
purchase agreement, dated as of January 13, 1998 with certain private investors.
Pursuant to the agreement, the investors purchased $5.0 million aggregate
principal amount notes from our subsidiaries. The notes bear interest at a rate
of 13.0% per annum, payable semi-annually, with principal repayment in one
installment on June 30, 2003. During the term of the note, we may, at our
option, pay any four semi-annual interest payments in kind rather than in cash,
with an increase in the rate applicable to such payments in kind to 13.75% per
annum. We have chosen to make the first two semi-annual interest payments (June
30, 1998 and December 31, 1998) in kind. The note is secured by the assets of
the Texas Network, and is guaranteed by ACTV, Inc.
18
In connection with the purchase of such note, the investors received on
January 14, 1998 a common stock purchase warrant of Texas Network that granted
the investors the either the right to purchase up to 17.5% of the fully-diluted
shares of common stock of Texas Network or, through July 14, 1999, to exchange
the warrant for such number of shares of our common stock, at the time of and
giving effect to such exchange, that were equal to 5.5% of the fully diluted
number of shares of common stock outstanding. In January 1999, the investors
exchanged the warrant in full into shares of our common stock.
For accounting purposes, the Company has allocated approximately $1.4
million to the value of the warrant, based on the market value of ACTV, Inc.
common stock into which the warrant was convertible at issuance. The warrant is
included outside of Consolidated Shareholders' Equity (Deficiency) due to its
cash put feature and is being amortized as additional interest expense over the
life of the note.
In the first three months of 1999, we have raised approximately $540,000
from the exercise of options and warrants.
We believe that we have adequate funding to launch the southwest
regional network in 1999 and to fund our present operations for the next
12-month period, assuming that we are able to raise approximately $3.9 million
from forcing the exercise of approximately 1.95 million warrants. We can
effectively force such warrant exercise if the average closing price of our
common stock is above $4.50 per share for a twenty consecutive trading day
period and the shares to be issued pursuant to the warrants are registered for
sale by the SEC. Currently, the share price requirement has been met and we have
filed a registration statement for registration of the warrant shares. Approval
by the SEC is still pending.
Should we raise such funds from warrant exercises, we will still need
additional funding to operate the southwest regional network at planned levels,
to fund the commercialization of HyperTV(TM) for entertainment applications, and
to fund our other operations prior to breakeven. We will need additional funding
as well to launch networks in other regions. We currently do not have any
arrangements for additional financing and cannot assure you that additional
financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. As a result, there
is no assurance that we will secure the funding necessary to effect additional
launches in other regions, or that other factors might not delay or prohibit the
successful implementation of the our regional network strategy or for the
planned commercialization of HyperTV(TM) for entertainment applications.
If we are not successful at raising additional funds, we may be required
to significantly reduce our overall level of operations.
We do not have any material contractual commitments for capital
expenditures, although we believe that we may need to acquire computers and
network equipment of $500,000 to build our planned first HyperTV(TM) server farm
as well as for digital television and production equipment of approximately
$400,000.
Year 2000 compliance
The year 2000 issue is the result of computer software that was written
with only two digits rather than four digits to represent the year in a date
field. Computer hardware and software applications that are date-sensitive may
interpret a date represented as "00" to be the year 1900 rather than the year
2000. The result could be system failure or miscalculations causing the
disruption of operations.
19
We believe that our internal systems, relating to both computer hardware
and software, will function properly with respect to dates in the year 2000 and
beyond. In addition, we believe that our proprietary software either sold
directly to third parties or incorporated in products sold to third parties is
year 2000 compliant. Having performed an assessment of the potential year 2000
problem, we do not expect to incur significant costs related to year 2000
issues.
However, there is general uncertainty regarding the year 2000 problem
and its effect on the overall business environment. We cannot determine at this
time whether the year 2000 problem will have a material impact on our operations
or financial condition as the result of significant disruptions to the U.S.
economy and/or business infrastructure.
Impact of Inflation
Inflation has not had any significant effect on our operating costs.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities. The statement establishes accounting and
reporting standards requiring that derivative instruments (including certain
derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) be recorded in the balance
sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. The statement
requires that changes in a derivative's fair value be recognized currently in
earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. Special accounting
for qualifying hedges allows a derivative's gains and losses to offset related
results on the hedged item in the income statement, and requires that a company
formally document, designate, and assess the effectiveness of transactions that
receive hedge accounting. SFAS No. 133 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after June 15,1999; however, it may be adopted earlier. It cannot be applied
retroactively to financial statements of prior periods. The Company has not yet
determined the impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No.
133 will have on its financial statements.
Item 7a. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
None.
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Financial Statements are listed under Item 14 in this report.
Item 9. DISAGREEMENTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
20
PART III
Item 10. MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers and Directors
We intend to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120
days of the end of December 31, 1998 a definitive proxy statement pertaining to
our annual meeting of stockholders to be held in May 1999. Information regarding
our directors and executive officers will appear under the caption "Election of
Directors" in the proxy statement and is incorporated in this report by
reference.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding executive compensation will appear under the
caption "Executive Compensation" in the proxy statement and is incorporated in
this report by reference.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners
and management will appear under the caption "Ownership of Securities" in the
proxy statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.
Item 13. CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
Information regarding certain transactions will appear under the caption
"Certain Transactions" in the proxy statement and is incorporated in this report
by reference.
PART IV
Item 14. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SCHEDULES, EXHIBITS AND
REPORTS ON FORM 8-K:
(a)1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
See the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on Page 22 hereafter,
which is incorporated by reference.
21
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of ACTV, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ACTV, Inc. and
subsidiaries ("the Company") as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and the related
consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998. Our audits also
included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 14 (a)(2).
These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of
December 31, 1998 and 1997 and the results of their operations and their cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998 in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion,
the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic
consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all
material respects the information set forth therein.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
March 11, 1999
New York, New York
22
ACTV, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, December 31,
1997 1998
------------ ------------
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents......... $554,077 $5,188,770
Accounts receivable-net........... 303,044 501,768
Education equipment inventory..... 237,757 110,405
Other............................. 308,653 773,613
---------- -----------
Total current assets.......... 1,403,531 6,574,556
---------- -----------
Property and equipment-net............ 2,596,785 2,365,775
---------- -----------
Other Assets:
Patents and patents pending....... 279,356 832,336
Software development costs........ 669,852 1,098,756
Goodwill.......................... 2,641,188 2,214,816
Other............................. 311,206 519,802
---------- -----------
Total other assets............ 3,901,602 4,665,710
========== ===========
Total ..................... $7,901,918 $13,606,041
========== ============
LIABILITIES AND
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued
expenses.......................... $1,882,159 $955,686
Deferred stock appreciation rights -- 2,000,062
Preferred dividends payable......... 603,469 200,305
---------- -----------
Total Current Liabilities.... 2,485,628 3,156,053
Long-Term Note Payable.............. -- 4,315,016
Put Warrant......................... -- 1,371,624
Preferred stock of a subsidiary,
convertible into common shares
of parent, no par value, 436,000
shares authorized: issued and
outstanding 316,944 at December
31, 1997, none at December 31,
1998.............................. 7,029,708 --
Shareholders' equity (deficiency):
Preferred series A stock, $.10 par
value, 1,000,000 shares
authorized, issued and
outstanding; none at December 31,
1997, 56,300 at December 31, 1998.. 8,620 5,630
Preferred series B stock, $.10 par
value, 1,000,000 shares authorized,
issued and outstanding; none at
December 31, 1997, 5,018 at
December 31, 1998.................. -- 2,805,961
Common stock, $.10 par value,
35,000,000 shares authorized:
issued and outstanding 14,614,611
at December 31, 1997, 29,759,459 at
December 31, 1998.................. 1,461,461 2,975,946
Additional paid-in capital........... 48,140,596 71,068,230
Notes receivable from stock sales.... (199,900) (199,900)
Accumulated deficit.................. (51,024,195) (71,892,519)
----------- -----------
Total shareholders' equity
(deficiency)................... (1,613,418) 4,763,348
----------- -----------
Total.................... $7,901,918 $13,606,041
=========== ===========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
23
ACTV, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31,
1996 1997 1998
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues:
Revenues......................... $1,459,540 $1,650,955 $1,405,838
License fees from related party.. 16,789 -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
Total revenues................ 1,476,329 1,650,955 1,405,838
Cost of Sales.................... 647,488 471,956 218,514
----------- ----------- -----------
Gross profit.................. 828,841 1,178,999 1,187,324
Expenses:
Operating expenses............... 1,955,601 1,360,838 2,004,996
Selling and administrative....... 6,332,759 6,880,311 9,862,086
Depreciation and amortization.... 419,979 327,681 1,106,359
Amortization of goodwill......... 426,372 426,372 426,372
Loss on investment............... 274,325 -- --
Stock appreciation rights........ 183,634 (346,892) 2,000,062
----------- ----------- -----------
Total expenses................ 9,592,670 8,648,310 15,399,875
Interest (income).................. (158,732) (116,870) (184,285)
Interest expense................... -- -- 932,247
----------- ----------- -----------
Interest expense (income) - net.. (158,732) (116,870) 747,962
Minority Interest - Subsidiary
preferred stock dividend and
accretion.......................... 1,695,384 3,006,242 5,428,638
----------- ----------- -----------
Net loss .......................... 10,300,481 10,358,683 20,389,151
Preferred Stock Dividend
and Accretion -- -- 479,173
----------- ----------- -----------
Net loss applicable to common stock
shareholders....................... $10,300,481 $10,358,683 $20,868,324
=========== =========== ===========
Loss per basic and diluted common
share.............................. $.88 $.80 $.98
Weighted average number of common
shares outstanding................. 11,739,768 12,883,848 21,399,041
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
24
ACTV, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31,
1996 1997 1998
-------------- ------------- ----------------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss applicable to common
shareholders...................... $(10,300,481) $(10,358,683) $(20,552,359)
----------- ------------ ------------
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
net cash used in operations:
Depreciation and amortization..... 846,354 754,053 1,532,731
Stock appreciation rights......... 134,634 (701,517) 2,000,062
Stock issued in lieu of cash
compensation...................... 114,047 443,125 2,016,023
Note issued in lieu of cash ...... -- -- 686,641
Subsidiary preferred stock preferred
dividends and accretions....... 1,500,000 2,598,156 5,749,309
Amortization of the Put Warrant... -- -- 241,565
Loss on investment................ 274,325 -- --
Other ....................... 82,746 43,188 --
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable............... (143,648) 63,960 (198,724)
Education equipment inventory..... (225,286) 99,747 127,352
Other assets...................... (542,824) (241,117) (307,426)
Accounts payable and accrued
expenses........................ 504,263 287,504 (926,471)
Preferred stock dividends payable. 195,384 408,085 (403,164)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used in operating
Activities.................... (7,560,486) (6,603,499) (10,034,461)
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in patents pending..... -- (50,000) (598,671)
Investment in property and equipment (444,189) (2,159,576) (531,573)
Investment in systems............. -- (686,227) (797,677)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used in investing activities. (444,189) (2,895,803) (1,927,921)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from debt issuance... -- -- 4,462,990
Net proceeds from put warrant
issuance........................ -- -- 1,371,624
Net Proceeds from preferred stock
transactions.................... 9,115,664 2,045,163 --
Proceeds from equity financing.... 1,877,985 1,487,460 10,762,461
------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by financing
activities.......................... 10,993,649 3,532,623 16,597,075
------------ ------------ ------------
Net (decrease) increase in cash and
cash equivalents.................... 2,988,974 (5,966,679) 4,634,693
Cash and cash equivalents,
beginning of period............... 3,531,782 6,520,756 554,077
------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and cash equivalents,
end of period..................... $6,520,756 $554,077 $5,188,770
=========== ============ ============
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
25
ACTV, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)
Common Stock Preferred Series A Preferred Series B Additional Paid-
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount in-Capital Deficit
- ---------------- ----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ---------------- ----------
Balances
December 31, 11,396,419 $1,139,642 -- $ -- -- $ -- $36,686,742 $(30,365,031)
1995
Issuance of
shares in
connection 450,000 45,000 5,832,985
with financings
Issuance of
shares for 45,687 4,569 109,478
services
Reversal of
option exercise (105,000) (10,500) (357,000)
Net loss
applicable to
common
shareholders (10,300,481)
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Balances
December 31, 11,787,106 $1,178,711 -- $ -- -- $ -- $42,272,205 $(40,665,512)
1996
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Issuance of
shares in
connection with 733,333 73,333 86,200 8,620 3,447,778
financings
Issuance of
shares for 286,511 28,651 414,473
services
Issuance of
shares in
connection
with exchange 1,795,661 179,566 1,994,980
of preferred
stock
Issuance of
shares in
connection
with exercise 12,000 1,200 11,160
of stock
options
Net loss
applicable to
common
shareholders (10,358,683)
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Balances
December 31, 14,614,611 $1,461,461 86,200 8,620 -- $ -- $48,140,596 $(51,024,195)
1997
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ------------
26
Common Stock Preferred Series A Preferred Series B Additional Paid-
Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount in-Capital Deficit
- ---------------- ----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ---------------- ----------
Balances
December 31, 14,614,611 $1,461,461 86,200 8,620 -- $ -- $48,140,596 $(51,024,195)
1997
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Issuance of
shares in
connection with 6,458,332 645,833 9,987,692
financings
Issuance of
Preferred 5,018 2,805,961 2,527,723
Series B Stock
Issuance of
shares for 373,592 37,359 508,083
services
Issuance of
shares in
connection
with exchange 5,857,406 585,741 (29,900) (2,990) 2,535,660
of preferred
stock
Issuance of
shares in
connection
with exercise 1,662,452 166,245 2,282,323
of stock
options
Issuance of
warrants and
shares in
connection
with financing 793,066 79,307 5,086,153
activities
Net loss (20,389,151)
Preferred (479,173)
Dividends
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Balances
December 31, 29,759,459 $2,975,946 56,300 $5,630 5,018 $2,805,961 $71,068,230 $(71,892,519)
1998
----------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------- ------------
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
27
ACTV, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998
1. ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization ACTV, Inc. was incorporated July 8, 1983. ACTV, Inc. and its
subsidiaries (the "Company" or "ACTV"), has developed patented and proprietary
technologies that allow content providers to create unique interactive
programming for digital television ("Individualized Television") and for
television/Internet convergence applications ("HyperTV"). Individualized
Programming software technology provides the tools needed to create and view
live or pre-recorded television programming that individualizes what the viewer
sees and hears. HyperTV(TM) is a patented process for the delivery of Internet
web information that relates to and enhances a simultaneous videocast. Since its
inception, the Company has been engaged in the development of Individualized
Programming, the production of programs that use its Individualized Programming
and the marketing and sales of the various products and services incorporating
Individualized Programming. In 1997, the Company introduced HyperTV and its
first commercial application, eSchool Online ("eSchool") for the education
market. eSchool consists of a suite of software products that permit a teacher
to use the Internet as an accompanying instructional tool during a live or
pre-recorded video lesson.
Principles of Consolidation - The Company's consolidated financial statements
include the balances of its wholly owned operating subsidiaries. In
consolidation, all intercompany account balances are eliminated.
Property and Equipment - Property and equipment are recorded at cost and
depreciated on the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives
(generally five years). Depreciation expense for the years ended December
31,1996, 1997, and 1998 aggregated $189,957, $286,883, and
$782,990,respectively.
Education Equipment - Education equipment consists of standard personal
computers adapted to provide individualized programming functionality,
videocassette recorders, television monitors and computer printers that the
Company holds in inventory. This inventory is carried on the Company's books at
the lower of first-in, first-out cost or market.
Patents and Patents Pending - The cost of patents, which for patents issued
represents the consideration paid for the assignment of patent rights to the
Company by an employee and for patents pending represents legal costs related
directly to such patents pending, is being amortized on a straight-line basis
over the estimated economic lives of the respective patents (averaging 10
years), which is less than the statutory life of each patent. The balances at
December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998, are net of accumulated amortization of
$116,371, $141,072, and $186,485, respectively.
Software Development Costs - The Company capitalizes costs incurred for product
software where economic and technological feasibility has been established.
Capitalized software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the
estimated useful lives of the respective products (5 years). The balance at
December 31, 1997 and 1998, is net of accumulated amortization of $16,376 and
$145,553, respectively.
Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments
purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash
equivalents.
Revenue Recognition - Sales are recorded as products are shipped or services are
rendered.
Research and Development - Research and development costs, which represent
primarily refinements to Individualized Programming, were $1,221,362 for the
year ended December 31, 1996, $551,328 for the year ended December 31, 1997, and
$820,475 for the year ended December 31, 1998.
Earnings/(Loss) Per Share - The Company has adopted Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 128, Earnings Per Share, for the period ended
December 31, 1998, which establishes standards for computing and presenting
28
earnings per share ("EPS") and simplifies the standards for computing EPS
currently found in Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 15 ("Earnings
Per Share"). Common stock equivalents under APB No. 15 are no longer included in
the calculation of primary, or basic, EPS. Loss per common share equals net loss
divided by the weighted average number of shares of the Company's common stock
("Common Stock") outstanding during the period. The Company did not consider the
effect of stock options or convertible preferred stock upon the calculation of
the loss per common share, as it would be anti-dilutive.
Reclassifications - Certain reclassifications have been made in the December 31,
1996, and 1997 financial statements to conform to the December 31, 1998
presentation.
Intangibles - The excess of the purchase cost over the fair value of net assets
acquired in an acquisition (goodwill) is being amortized on a straight-line
basis over a period of 10 years. The Company evaluates the realizability of
goodwill based upon the expected undiscounted cash flows of the acquired
business. Impairments, if any, will be recognized through a charge to operation,
in the period in which the impairment is deemed to exist. Based on such
analysis, the Company does not believe that goodwill has been impaired.
Other Current Assets - The Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31,
1996, December 31, 1997, and December 31, 1998 reflect balances of $343,962,
$224,712, and $434,575, respectively, related to cash advances made to executive
officers.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Newly Adopted Accounting Standards
The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No.
131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information during
the year ending December 31, 1998. The Statement establishes standards for the
way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments
in annual financial statements and requires that those enterprises report
selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports
issued to shareholders. It also establishes standards for related disclosures
about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. This
Statement supersedes Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Statement No.
14, Financial Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise, but retains the
requirement to report information about major customers. It amends FASB
Statement No. 94, Consolidation of All Majority-Owned Subsidiaries, to remove
the special disclosure requirements for previously unconsolidated subsidiaries.
Management has determined that the Company operates in two segments the
Individualized Television and HyperTV, see Note 13.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities. The statement establishes accounting and
reporting standards requiring that derivative instruments (including certain
derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) be recorded in the balance
sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. The statement
requires that changes in a derivative's fair value be recognized currently in
earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. Special accounting
for qualifying hedges allows a derivative's gains and losses to offset related
results on the hedged item in the income statement, and requires that a company
formally document, designate, and assess the effectiveness of transactions that
receive hedge accounting. SFAS No. 133 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after June 15,1999; however, it may be adopted earlier. It cannot be applied
retroactively to financial statements of prior periods. The Company has not yet
determined the impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No. 133 will have on its
financial statements.
29
2. NATURE OF OPERATIONS
The principal market for the Individualized Television is entertainment
programming distributed over digital television systems. The Company plans to
sell individualized entertainment programming (initially professional and
college sports programming) to the end user through cable television systems on
a subscription basis.
Our target markets for HyperTV(TM) are entertainment applications for consumers
and online learning for schools, universities and corporations. The Company
sells eSchool online learning programming and related hardware to schools,
colleges, and private education networks. The following clients accounted for
more than 10% of the Company's revenues during the year ended December 31, 1998,
Georgia Public Television, which accounted for approximately 17%, 24%, and 40%
of total revenues in 1996, 1997, and 1998, respectively, School District of
Philadelphia, which accounted for approximately 14% in 1998, and the Texas
Workforce Commission, which accounted for 24% of total revenues in 1997. During
1996 and 1998, the Company generated no revenues from the Texas Workforce
Commission.
3. ESTIMATES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The preparation of the Company's financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles required management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - NET
Property and equipment - net at December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998 consisted of
the following (at cost):
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
Machinery and equipment $636,845 $2,931,682 $3,297,160
Office furniture and fixtures 357,373 501,435 667,508
------------------------------------
Total 994,218 3,433,117 3,964,688
Less accumulated depreciation 270,129 836,332 1,598,913
------------------------------------
Total $724,089 $2,596,785 $2,365,775
====================================
5. FINANCING ACTIVITIES
In January 1998, the ACTV, Inc. subsidiaries ACTV Entertainment, Inc.
and The Texas Individualized Television Network, Inc. entered into a note
purchase agreement, dated as of January 13, 1998 with certain private investors.
Pursuant to the agreement, the investors purchased $5.0 million aggregate
principal amount notes from our subsidiaries. The notes bear interest at a rate
of 13.0% per annum, payable semi-annually, with principal repayment in one
installment on June 30, 2003. During the term of the note, we may, at our
option, pay any four semi-annual interest payments in kind rather than in cash,
with an increase in the rate applicable to such payments in kind to 13.75% per
annum. We have chosen to make the first two semi-annual interest payments (June
30, 1998 and December 31, 1998) in kind. The note is secured by the assets of
the Texas Network, and is guaranteed by ACTV, Inc.
In connection with the purchase of such note, the investors received on
January 14, 1998 a common stock purchase warrant of Texas Network that granted
the investors either the right to purchase up to 17.5% of the fully-diluted
shares of common stock of Texas Network or, through July 14, 1999, to exchange
the warrant for such number of shares of our common stock, at the time of and
giving effect to such exchange, that were equal to 5.5% of the fully diluted
number
30
of shares of common stock outstanding. In January 1999, the investors exchanged
the warrant in full into shares of our common stock. This conversion has not
been reflected in the accompanying financial statements as it occurred in 1999.
For accounting purposes, the Company has allocated approximately $1.4
million to the value of the warrant, based on the market value of ACTV, Inc.
common stock into which the warrant was convertible at issuance. The warrant is
included outside of Consolidated Shareholders' Equity (Deficiency) due to its
cash put feature and is being amortized as additional interest expense over the
life of the note.
In November 1998, ACTV issued 5,018 shares of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock, common stock, and warrants to purchase approximately 1.95
million shares of common stock at $2.00 per share as a partial exchange for
approximately 179,000 shares of exchangeable preferred stock, which had been
issued by a subsidiary of ACTV. The excess of the fair value of this
consideration over the carrying value of the convertible preferred stock for
which it was issued is included in Minority Interest - Subsidiary Preferred
stock dividend and accretion in the accompanying statement of operations. The
Series B Preferred has a liquidation preference $1,000.00 per share and pays a
dividend, in cash or accumulated and paid in common stock upon conversion, of
10% per annum.
The Series B Preferred is fully redeemable by ACTV at any time at a 10%
premium above face value plus accrued dividends. The holders of Series B
Preferred are prohibited from converting any shares into common stock through
November 13, 1999, whether or not ACTV gives a notice of redemption during this
period. Beginning November 13, 1999, the number of shares issued upon conversion
is determined by dividing the liquidation value of $1,000.00 plus accrued
dividends by the conversion price of $2.00 per common share. Beginning February
13, 2000, the number of shares issued upon conversion is determined by dividing
the liquidation value of $1,000.00 plus accrued dividends by the conversion
price of $1.33 per common share. Such preferred shares are currently not
convertible into common stock and will be convertible into common stock only
after November 13, 1999. The beneficial conversion attributable to the possible
conversion of the Series B Preferred at $1.33 per share, which equaled
$2,527,723 at the issuance date has been attributed to additional
paid-in-capital and will be accounted for as a charge to net loss applicable to
common stock shareholders over the period from issuance through February 13,
2000.
During the year ended December 31, 1998 we raised approximately $10.8
from sales of common stock to private institutional investors, including $5
million invested by Liberty Media Corporation.
During 1996, the Company raised approximately $11.0 million net from the
proceeds of a private placement of common stock ($1.9 million in net proceeds)
and of 5% convertible preferred stock (the "Convertible Preferred Stock") issued
by its wholly-owned subsidiary ($9.1 million in net proceeds). The Convertible
Preferred Stock is convertible into Common Stock of ACTV, Inc., beginning
January 1, 1997, at varying discounts to the market price of Common Stock. After
September 1, 1997, holders of the Convertible Preferred Stock have been able to
use the lesser of (i) the then current market price of the Company's Common
Stock, or (ii) an average market price during the month of August 1997 as the
price to which the discount is applied for conversions. In addition, the Company
has the right to redeem the Convertible Preferred Stock at a price equal to $25
times the number of shares being purchased, plus accrued and unpaid dividends
(the "Redemption Price"). This right may be exercised by the Company only if the
closing price of the Company's Common Stock is above $9.00 for thirty
consecutive trading days prior to redemption.
The Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common
stock at a discounted conversion price. The discount ranged from 14% to a
maximum of 30.375%. The extent of the beneficial conversion feature was
approximately $4.0 million, representing the maximum difference between the
discounted conversion price and the prevailing market price of the Common Stock.
Preferred stock accretion of $1.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively, were
recorded and included as minority interest for the years ended December 31, 1996
and 1997. As of December 31, 1998, all of the Exchangeable Preferred Stock
issued by the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, ACTV Holdings, Inc. had been
converted.
During 1999, we have raised approximately $540,000 from the exercise of
options and warrants.
We believe that we have adequate funding to launch the southwest
regional network in 1999 and to fund our present operations for the next
12-month period, assuming that we are able to raise approximately $3.9 million
from
31
forcing the exercise of approximately 1.95 million warrants. We can effectively
force such warrant exercise if the average closing price of our common stock is
above $4.50 per share for a twenty consecutive trading day period and the shares
to be issued pursuant to the warrants are registered for sale by the SEC.
Currently, the share price requirement has been met and we have filed a
registration statement for registration of the warrant shares. Approval by the
SEC is still pending.
Should we raise such funds from warrant exercises, we will still need
additional funding to operate the southwest regional network at planned levels,
to fund the commercialization of HyperTV(TM) for entertainment applications, and
to fund our other operations prior to breakeven. We will need additional funding
as well to launch networks in other regions. We currently do not have any
arrangements for additional financing and cannot assure you that additional
financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. As a result, there
is no assurance that we will secure the funding necessary to effect additional
launches in other regions, or that other factors might not delay or prohibit the
successful implementation of the our regional network strategy or for the
planned commercialization of HyperTV(TM) for entertainment applications.
If we are not successful at raising funds from warrant exercises or other funds,
we will be required to significantly reduce our overall level of operations. If
necessary, we believe that we could continue to operate at this significantly
reduced level.
6. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY)
At December 31, 1998, the Company had reserved shares of Common Stock for
issuance as follows:
1989 Qualified Stock Option Plan 31,000
1989 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan 39,250
1996 Qualified Stock Option Plan 478,484
1998 Qualified Stock Option Plan 307,500
Options granted outside of formal plans 6,933,773
---------
Total 7,850,007
In addition, the conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred and Series B
Convertible Preferred Shares could result in the issuance of 4,850,411 shares of
Common Stock.
Convertible Preferred Stock At December 31, 1998, the Company was authorized to
issue 1,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, par value $0.10 per
share, of which 120,00 shares have been designated Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock and 6,110 shares have been designated Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock. At December 31, 1998, 56,300 shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock and 5,018 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock were
issued and outstanding.
Exchangeable Preferred Stock As of December 31, 1998, all of the Exchangeable
Preferred Stock issued by the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, ACTV Holdings,
Inc. had been converted.
Exchangeable Preferred Stock At December 31, 1997, the Company's wholly-owned
subsidiary, ACTV Holdings, Inc. was authorized to issue 436,000 shares of
Convertible Preferred Stock, no par value, of which 316,944 shares were issued
and outstanding.
7. STOCK OPTIONS
During 1989, the Board of Directors approved an Employee Incentive Stock Option
Plan (the "Employee Plan"). The Employee Plan provides for the granting of up to
100,000 options to purchase Common Stock to key employees. The Employee Plan
stipulates that the option price be not less than fair market value on the date
of grant. Options granted will have an expiration date not to exceed ten years
from the date of grant. At December 31, 1998, 97,500 options had been granted
under this plan, of which 37,567 had been exercised and 28,933 had expired or
been canceled.
32
In addition, in August 1989, the Board of Directors approved a Non-Qualified
Stock Option Plan (the "Non-Qualified Plan"), to be administered by the Board or
a committee appointed by the Board. The Non-Qualified Plan provides for the
granting of up to 100,000 options to purchase shares of Common Stock to
employees, officers, directors, consultants and independent contractors. The
Non-Qualified Plan stipulates that the option price be not less than fair market
value at the date of grant, or such other price as the Board may determine.
Options granted under this Plan shall expire on a date determined by the
committee but in no event later than three months after the termination of
employment or retainer. At December 31, 1998, 97,000 options had been granted
under this plan, of which 30,500 had been exercised and 27,250 had expired or
been canceled.
During 1996, the Board of Directors approved the Company's 1996 Stock Option
Plan (the "1996 Option Plan"). The 1996 Option Plan provides for option grants
to employees and others who provide significant services to the Company. Under
the 1996 Option Plan, the Company is authorized to issue options for a total of
500,000 shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 1998, the Company had issued
478,484 outstanding options under the plan, including 93,333 that had been
canceled. No options had been exercised under the 1996 Option Plan as of
December 31, 1998.
During 1998, the Board of Directors approved the Company's 1998 Stock Option
Plan (the "1998 Option Plan"). The 1998 Option Plan provides for option grants
to employees and others who provide significant services to the Company. Under
the 1998 Option Plan, the Company is authorized to issue options for a total of
900,000 shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 1998, the Company had issued
307,500 outstanding options under the plan, including 27,500 that had been
canceled. No options had been exercised under the 1998 Option Plan as of
December 31, 1998.
At December 31, 1998, the Company also had outstanding options and warrants that
were issued to Directors, certain employees, and consultants and pursuant to
financing transactions for the purchase of 6,993,773 shares of Common Stock that
were not issued pursuant to a formal plan. The prices of these options range
from $1.50 to $5.50 per share; they have expiration dates in the years 1999
through 2008. The options granted are not part of the Employee Incentive Stock
Option Plan or the Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan discussed above.
A summary of the status of the Company's stock options as of December 31, 1998,
1997 and 1996 is as follows:
1998 1997 1996
Wgtd. Wgtd. Wgtd.
Avg. Avg. Avg.
1998 Exer 1997 Exer 1996 Exer
Shares Price Shares Price Shares Price
------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at beginning
Of period 3,539,218 3,328,718 2,747,082
Options and warrants granted 6,376,073 $1.91 339,683 $1.91 887,500 $3.73
Options and warrants exercised 1,844,951 $1.64 17,000 $0.73 -- --
Options and warrants terminated 220,333 $2.86 112,183 $4.06 305,864 $3.76
Outstanding at end
Of period 7,850,007 $1.90 3,539,218 $1.81 3,328,718 $2.99
Options and warrants exercisable
at end of period 5,782,275 $1.99 2,363,134 $1.87 1,719,134 $3.19
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at
December 31, 1998:
33
Weighted
Aver- Weighted Weighted
Number age Aver- Aver-
Outstand- Remaining age Number age
Range of ing at Contractual Exercise Exercisable Exercise
Exercise Prices 12/31/98 Life Price at 12/31/98 Price
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
$0 to 1.50 1,363,751 3.5 Years $1.50 680,353 $1.50
1.51 to 3.50 6,333,756 6.4 Years $1.94 4,957,756 $2.00
3.51 to 5.50 152,000 1.6 Years $4.02 144,166 $4.03
The weighted average fair value of options granted during 1997 and 1998 was $.64
and $.97 per share, respectively, excluding the value of options granted and
terminated within the year. In the case of each issuance, options were issued at
an exercise price that was higher than the fair market value of the Company's
Common Stock on the date of grant. The Company applies Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25 and related Interpretations in accounting for its stock
option and purchase plans. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized
for option issuances. Had compensation cost for the Company's option issuances
been determined based on the fair value at the grant dates consistent with the
method of FASB Statement 123, the Company's net loss and loss per basic and
diluted share for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 would have
been increased to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
Net loss to common shareholders 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
As reported $10,300,481 $10,358,683 $20,552,359
Pro forma $11,185,735 $10,574,807 $21,987,835
Net loss per basic and diluted
common share 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
As reported $0.88 $0.80 $0.96
Pro forma $0.95 $0.82 $1.02
The Company estimated the fair value of options issued during 1996, 1997 and
1998 on the date of each grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with
the following weighted-average assumptions used: no dividend yield, expected
volatility for 1996 of 61.5%, expected volatility for 1997 of 57.3%, expected
volatility for 1998 of 49.53%, and a risk free interest rate of 6% for all
years.
Certain employees, including the executive officers Samuels, Reese, Crowley and
Cline, have been granted options to purchase Class B Common Stock, at fair value
as of the date of grant, of certain of the Company's subsidiaries; such common
stock, if issued, will have majority voting rights in such subsidiaries.
8. STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS PLANS
The Company's 1992 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the "1992 SAR Plan") was
approved by the Company's stockholders in December 1992. Subject to adjustment
as set forth in the 1992 SAR Plan, the aggregate number of Stock Appreciation
Rights ("SARs") that may be granted shall not exceed 900,000.
The Company's 1996 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the "1996 SAR Plan") was
adopted by the Board of Directors in April 1996 and approved by the shareholders
in July 1996. Subject to adjustment as set forth in the 1996 SAR Plan, the
aggregate number of SARs that may be granted pursuant to the 1996 SAR Plan shall
not exceed 500,000; provided, however, that at no time shall there be more than
an aggregate of 900,000 outstanding, unexercised SARs granted pursuant to both
the 1996 SAR Plan and the 1992 SAR Plan. The 1996 SAR Plan imposes no limit on
the number of recipients to whom awards may be made. Both the 1992 and 1996 SAR
Plans are administered by the Stock Appreciation Rights Committee (the "SAR
Committee").
34
SARs may not be exercised until the six months from the date of grant. SARs
issued pursuant to the 1992 SAR Plan vest in five equal annual installments
beginning twelve months from the date of grant. SARs issued pursuant to the 1996
SAR Plan vest either in a lump sum or in such installments, which need not be
equal, as the Committee shall determine. If a holder of a SAR ceases to be an
employee, director or consultant of the Company or one of its subsidiaries or an
affiliate, other than by reason of the holder's death or disability, any SARs
that have not vested shall become void. Exercise of SARs also will be subject to
such further restrictions (including limits on the time of exercise) as may be
required to satisfy the requirements of Rule 16b-3 promulgated by the Securities
and Exchange Commission and any other applicable law or regulation (including,
without limitation, federal and state securities laws and regulations). SARs are
not transferable except by will or under the laws of descent and distribution or
pursuant to a domestic relations order as defined in the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended.
Upon exercise of a SAR, the holder will receive for each share for which a SAR
is exercised, as determined by the SAR Committee in its discretion, (a) shares
of the Company's Common Stock, (b) cash, or (c) cash and shares of the Company's
Common Stock, equal to the difference between (i) the fair market value per
share of the Common Stock on the date of exercise of the SAR and (ii) the
exercise price of a SAR, which amount shall be no less than the fair market
value per share of Common Stock on the date of grant of the SAR.
Under the Company's 1992 SAR Plan, as of December 31, 1998, the Company has
granted 516,000 outstanding SARs (with an exercise price of $1.50 per share) to
ten employees. The SARs expire between 2001 and 2006. Under the Company's 1996
SAR Plan, as of December 31, 1998, the Company has granted 380,000 outstanding
SARs (with an exercise price of $1.50 per share) to six employees. The SARs
expire between 2002 and 2006. During 1998, no SARs were exercised.
9. INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109, "Accounting for
Income Taxes".
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects at an effective tax rate of
35.33% of (a) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes, and (b) operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The tax effects
of significant items comprising the Company's net deferred tax asset as of
December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997, and December 31, 1998 are as follows:
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforwards $13,365,772 $16,131,213 $20,254,782
Differences between book and tax basis of property 34,019 56,148 852,587
----------- ----------- -----------
13,399,791 16,187,361 21,107,369
Deferred tax liabilities:
Differences between book and tax basis of property (106,819) (181,104) (454,618)
----------- ----------- -----------
13,292,972 16,000,257 (20,652,751)
Valuation Allowance (13,292,972) (16,000,257) (20,652,751)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net deferred tax asset $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
============ ============ ============
The increase in the valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 1997 and
1998, was approximately $2.7 and $4.7 million, respectively. There was no
provision or benefit for federal income taxes as a result of the net operating
loss in the current year.
At December 31, 1997 and 1998, the Company has Federal net operating loss
carryovers of approximately $45.7 and $57.3 million, respectively. These
carryovers may be subject to certain limitations and will expire between the
years 1999 and 2013.
35
10. COMMITMENTS
At December 31, 1998, future aggregate minimum lease commitments under
non-cancelable operating leases, which expire in 1999 and 2001, were
approximately $670,000. The leases contain customary escalation clauses, based
principally on real estate taxes. Rent expense related to these leases for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998 aggregated $129,600, $330,430,
$422,729 respectively.
The Company has employment agreements with certain key employees. These
agreements extend for a period of a maximum of five years and contain
non-competition provisions, which extend two years after termination of
employment with the Company. At December 31, 1997 and 1998, the Company is
committed to expend a total of approximately $2.7 and $2.3 million, respectively
under these agreements.
11. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of
credit risk consist principally of temporary cash investments and receivables.
The Company attempts to mitigate cash investment risks by placing such
investments in insured depository accounts and with financial institutions that
have high credit ratings. Concentrations of risk with respect to trade
receivables exist because of the relatively few companies or other organizations
(primarily educational or government bodies) with which the Company currently
does business. The Company attempts to limit these risks by closely monitoring
the credit of those to whom it is contemplating providing its products, and
continuing such credit monitoring activities and other collection activities
throughout the payment period. In certain instances, the Company further
minimizes concentrations of credit risks by requiring partial advance payments
for the products provided.
12. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
For financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts
receivable and payable, and accruals, the carrying amounts approximated fair
value because of their short maturity. The notes payable of the Texas
Individualized Television Network, Inc. were issued in 1998 and management
believes that its carrying value is representative of its fair value.
13. SEGMENT REPORTING
ACTV, Inc. and its segments Individualized Television and HyperTV Networks,
Inc., has developed and markets proprietary technologies for individualized
television programming (the "Individualized Programming") and for Internet
learning systems. ACTV Entertainment, Inc.'s primary product will give the
consumer Individualized Programming and will allow a viewer to experience
instantly responsive television. Since its inception, the Company has been
engaged in the development of Individualized Programming, the production of
programs that use its Individualized Programming and the marketing and sales of
the various products and services incorporating the ACTV Entertainment, Inc.'s
Individualized Programming. During 1996 HyperTV Networks, Inc. conceptualized
and developed HyperTV. In 1997, HyperTV Networks, Inc. introduced to the
education market eSchool Online ("eSchool"), which is the first commercial
application of HyperTV. Please refer to Note 2 to the financial statements that
specifically addresses the revenue breakout by major customer. The operating
segments ( Individualized Television and HyperTV Networks, Inc.) have been
determined by the way the overall business is managed.
36
Information concerning the Company's business segments in 1996, 1997 and 1998 is
as follows:
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
Revenues
Individualized Television $ -- $ -- $ --
HyperTV Networks, Inc. 1,476,329 1,650,955 1,405,838
Unallocated corporate -- -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
Total $ 1,476,329 $ 1,650,955 $ 1,405,838
----------- ----------- -----------
Depreciation & Amortization
Individualized Television $ 381,135 $ 172,123 $ 763,241
HyperTV Networks, Inc. 1,086 29,622 206,338
Unallocated Corporate 464,130 552,309 563,151
----------- ----------- -----------
Total $ 846,351 $ 754,053 $ 1,532,731
----------- ----------- -----------
Interest Expense (Income)
Individualized Television $ -- $ (9,391) $ 850,770
HyperTV Networks, Inc. (152,040) (8,128) (8,405)
Unallocated corporate (6,692) (99,351) 94,403
----------- ----------- -----------
Total $ (158,732) $ (116,870) $ 747,963
----------- ----------- -----------
Net Loss
Individualized Television $ 2,459,965 $ 2,678,832 $ 5,273,173
HyperTV Networks, Inc. 1,196,767 1,771,671 2,020,228
Unallocated corporate 6,643,749 5,908,180 13,258,958
----------- ----------- -----------
Total $10,300,481 $10,358,683 $20,552,359
----------- ----------- -----------
Capital Expenditures
Individualized Television $ 411,212 $ 139,897 $ 947,710
HyperTV Networks, Inc. -- 273,778 361,716
Unallocated corporate 32,977 2,482,128 618,495
----------- ----------- -----------
Total $ 444,189 $ 2,895,803 $ 1,927,921
----------- ----------- -----------
Current Assets
Individualized Television $ 39,759 $ 290,421 $ 1,449,763
HyperTV Networks, Inc. 862,473 775,855 844,683
Unallocated corporate 6,683,183 337,255 4,280,110
----------- ----------- -----------
Total $ 7,585,415 $ 1,403,531 $ 6,574,556
----------- ----------- -----------
Total Assets
ACTV Entertainment, Inc. $ 488,081 $ 3,105,174 $ 4,708,444
HyperTV Networks, Inc. 865,629 1,023,170 1,250,825
Unallocated corporate 10,338,914 3,773,575 7,646,773
----------- ----------- -----------
Total $11,692,624 $ 7,901,918 $13,606,041
----------- ----------- -----------
14. INVESTMENT AND ADJUSTMENTS
In January 1995, the Company invested $274,325 in the common stock
(approximately 15% of ownership interest) of a company (the "Licensee"), which
had licensed the Company's Individualized Programming for commercialization in
special-purpose theaters.
The Company also performed executive production services for the Licensee on a
fee basis. During 1996, the Company recorded license fee and production service
revenue from the Licensee of $16,789 and $199,666, respectively. At December 31,
1996, the Company had unpaid receivables pursuant to such revenues of $82,746.
During 1997, the Licensee filed for liquidation under United States Bankruptcy
laws. In anticipation of such filing, at December 31, 1996 the Company provided
a reserve for the full amount of the receivables outstanding of $82,746 and a
valuation allowance for its full investment in the Licensee of $274,325.
37
15. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
The consolidated financial statements at December 31, 1996, reflects non-cash
activity during the year ended December 31, 1996, that relates to a reversal of
certain of the option exercises and resulting non-recourse loan transactions
described above: a credit to shareholders' equity of $367,500.
The consolidated financial statements at December 31, 1997 and 1998, reflect
non-cash activity during the year ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, that relate
to stock appreciation rights, notes and stock issued in lieu of cash
compensation, subsidiary preferred stock dividends and accretions, and preferred
stock dividends payable. The non-cash stock appreciation rights activity for the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 decreased by $701,517 and increased by
$2,000,062, respectively. The stock issued in lieu of cash compensation for the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 was $443,125 and $2,016,023,
respectively. The notes issued in lieu of cash compensation for the years ended
December 31, 1998 was $686, 641. The subsidiary preferred stock dividends and
accretions for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 was $2,598,156 and
$5,749,309, respectively and the preferred stock dividends payable for the years
ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 increased by $408,085 and decreased by
$403,164, respectively.
The Company made no cash payments of interest or income taxes during the years
ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
38
(a)2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
The following Financial Statement Schedule for the years ended December 31, 1998
and December 31, 1997 is filed as part of this Annual Report. We had no activity
reportable on this schedule for the year ended December 31, 1996. Schedule II -
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves
Column B Column C Column D Column E
-------- ----------------------- -------- --------
Balance at Charged to Charged to Balance at
Beginning Costs and Other Deductions End
Description of Period Expenses Accounts -Describe of Period
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended 12/31/96:
Accounts receivable
allowance for doubtful
accounts -- $82,746 -- -- $ 82,746
Reserve for investment
losses -- $274,325 -- -- $274,325
Year ended 12/31/97:
Accounts receivable
allowance for doubtful
accounts................ $ 82,746 $ 43,188 -- $ 82,746 $ 43,188
Reserve for investment
losses.................. $ 274,325 -- -- --
Year ended 12/31/98:
Accounts receivable
allowance for doubtful
accounts............... $ 43,188 -- -- $ 43,188 --
Reserve for investment
losses -- -- -- -- --
During 1997, the balances of $82,746 of accounts receivable and $274,325 of
investments were written off as uncollectable or unrecoverable, respectively.
During 1998, there were no changes to either the accounts receivable allowance
or investment loss reserve. Uncollectable accounts receivables in the amount of
$43,188 were written off in 1998.
39
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities and
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized in the City of New York
and State of New York on the 15th day of March 1999.
ACTV, Inc.
By: /s/William C. Samuels
--------------------------------------
William C. Samuels
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this
Report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on
the date indicated.
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
/s/ William C. Samuels March 15, 1999
- ------------------------
William C. Samuels Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive
Officer, President and Director
/s/ David Reese March 15, 1999
- ------------------------
David Reese President, Chief Operating Officer,
President - ACTV Entertainment, Inc.,
and Director
/s/ Bruce Crowley March 15, 1999
- ------------------------
Bruce Crowley Executive Vice President, President - HyperTV
Networks, Inc. and Director
/s/ Christopher C. Cline March 15, 1999
- ------------------------
Christopher C. Cline Senior Vice President, Chief Financial
Officer and Secretary
/s/ William Frank March 15, 1999
- ------------------------
William A. Frank Director
/s/ Steven W. Schuster March 15, 1999
- ------------------------
Steven W. Schuster Director
40
(a)3. EXHIBITS INDEX (inapplicable items omitted):
3.1.a Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ACTV, Inc.*
3.1.b Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of ACTV, Inc.**
3.1.c Certificate of Designation of Series B 10% Convertible Preferred Stock
of ACTV, Inc.******
3.2 By-Laws of ACTV, Inc.*
9.1 Voting Agreement dated November 11, 1994, by and between William C.
Samuels and Michael J. Freeman.***
9.2 Voting Trust Agreement dated March 10, 1994 by and among William C.
Samuels, The Washington Post Company and ACTV, Inc.**
10.1 First Amendment to Lease, dated December January 13, 1997 by and
between the Registrant, as the Tenant, and Rockefeller Center
Properties, as the Landlord.****
10.2 Form of 1989 Employee Incentive Stock Option Plan.*
10.3 Form of Amendment No. 1 to 1989 Employee Incentive Stock Option Plan.*
10.4 Form of 1989 Employee Non-qualified Stock Option Plan.*
10.5 Form of Amendment No. 1 to 1989 Employee Non-qualified Stock Option
Plan.*
10.8 1996 Non-qualified Stock Option Plan.****
10.9 1992 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan.****
10.10 1996 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan.****
10.11 deleted--replaced by 10.40
10.12 deleted--replaced by 10.41
10.13 deleted--replaced by 10.42
10.14 Master Programming License Agreement dated December 2, 1996, by and
between ACTV, Inc. and Liberty/Fox Sports, LLC.****
10.15 Enhancement License Agreement dated December 4, 1996, by and between
ACTV, Inc. and Prime Ticket Networks, L.P., d/b/a Fox Sports West.++,
****
10.16 Enhancement License Agreement dated February 28, 1997, by and between
ACTV, Inc. and ARC Holding, Ltd., d/b/a Fox Sports Southwest.++, ****
10.17 Agreement dated march 30, 1995 between General Instrument Corporation
and ACTV, Inc.***
10.18 Technical Services Agreement dated May 1995 between the David Sarnoff
Research Center, Inc. and ACTV, Inc.***
10.19 Option Agreement dated December 4, 1995 between the David Sarnoff
Research Center and ACTV, Inc.****
10.21(a) deleted
10.21(b) deleted
10.21(c) Option Agreement dated September 29, 1995 between ACTV, Inc. and
Richard H. Bennett.***
10.21(d) Assignment dated September 29, 1995 between ACTV, Inc. and Richard H.
Bennett.***
10.21(e) deleted--replaced by 10.44(a)
10.21(f) deleted
10.21(h) deleted--replaced by 10.44(b)
10.21(j) deleted--replaced by 10.44(c)
10.22 deleted--expired
10.23(a) deleted--replaced by 10.43(a)
10.23(b) deleted--replaced by 10.43(b)
10.23(c) deleted--replaced by 10.43(c)
10.23(d) deleted
10.23(e) deleted
10.23(f) deleted
10.23(g) deleted
10.24(a) Stock Option Agreement, dated March 14, 1997, by and between HyperTV
Networks, Inc. and William C. Samuels. +
10.24(b) Stock Option Agreement, dated March 14, 1997, by and between HyperTV
Networks, Inc. and Bruce Crowley. +
10.24(c) Stock Option Agreement, dated October 1, 1997, by and between HyperTV
Networks, Inc. and William Samuels. +
10.24(d) Stock Option Agreement, dated October 1, 1997, by and between HyperTV
Networks, Inc. and Bruce Crowley. +
10.25(a) Stock Option Agreement by and between ACTV Entertainment, Inc. and
William Samuels dated March 14, 1997 and amended January 14, 1998. +
10.25(b) Stock Option Agreement by and between ACTV Entertainment, Inc. and
David Reese dated March 14, 1997 and amended January 14, 1998. +
10.26(a) Stock Option Agreement by and between Florida Individualized Television
Network, Inc. and William Samuels dated June 3, 1997 and amended
January 14, 1998. +
10.26(b) Stock Option Agreement by and between Northwest Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and William Samuels dated June 3, 1997 and
amended January 14, 1998. +
10.26(c) Stock Option Agreement by and between New York Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and William Samuels dated June 3, 1997 and
amended January 14, 1998. +
10.26(d) Stock Option Agreement by and between San Francisco Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and William Samuels dated June 3, 1997 and
amended January 14, 1998. +
10.26(e) Stock Option Agreement by and between Los Angeles Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and William Samuels dated March 14, 1997 and
amended January 14, 1998. +
10.26(f) Stock Option Agreement by and between Texas Individualized Television
Network, Inc. and William Samuels dated March 14, 1997 and amended
January 14, 1998. +
10.26(g) Stock Option Agreement by and between Florida Individualized Television
Network, Inc. and David Reese dated June 3, 1997 and amended January
14, 1998. +
10.26(h) Stock Option Agreement by and between Northwest Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and David Reese dated June 3, 1997 and amended
January 14, 1998. +
10.26(i) Stock Option Agreement by and between New York Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and David Reese dated June 3, 1997 and amended
January 14, 1998. +
10.26(j) Stock Option Agreement by and between San Francisco Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and David Reese dated June 3, 1997 and amended
January 14, 1998. +
10.26(k) Stock Option Agreement by and between Los Angeles Individualized
Television Network, Inc. and David Reese dated March 14, 1997 and
amended January 14, 1998. +
10.26(l) Stock Option Agreement by and between Texas Individualized Television
Network, Inc. and David Reese dated March 14, 1997 and amended January
14, 1998. +
10.27 ACTV Entertainment Shareholder Agreement dated March 14, 1997 and
amended January 14, 1998. +
10.28 HyperTV Networks Shareholder Agreement dated March 14, 1997. +
10.29 HyperTV Networks Additional Shareholder Agreement dated October 1,
1997. +
10.30 deleted--replaced by 10.45
10.31 deleted--replaced by 10.46
10.32 The Los Angeles Individualized Television Network, Inc. Sublicense
Agreement dated March 14, 1997 between ACTV Entertainment and The Los
Angeles Individualized Television Network, Inc. +
10.33 The San Francisco Individualized Television Network, Inc. Sublicense
Agreement dated January 1, 1989 between ACTV Entertainment and The San
Francisco Individualized Television Network, Inc. +
10.34 The Texas Individualized Television Network, Inc. Sublicense Agreement
dated March 14, 1997 between ACTV Entertainment and The Texas
Individualized Television Network, Inc. +
10.35 The Los Angeles Individualized Television Network, Inc. Service
Agreement dated March 14, 1997 between ACTV, Inc., ACTV Entertainment
and The Los Angeles Individualized Television Network, Inc. +
10.36 The San Francisco Individualized Television Network, Inc. Service
Agreement dated January 1, 1998 between ACTV, Inc., ACTV Entertainment
and The San Francisco Individualized Television Network, Inc. +
10.37 The Texas Individualized Television Network, Inc. Service Agreement
dated March 14, 1997 between ACTV, Inc., ACTV Entertainment and The
Texas Individualized Television Network, Inc. +
10.38 Form of Note Purchase Agreement of the Texas Individualized Television
Network dated as of January 13, 1998 *****
10.39 Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued pursuant to the Note Purchase
Agreement as of January 14, 1998 *****
10.40 Amended employment agreement dated February 22, 1999, between ACTV,
Inc. and William C. Samuels, amending and restating in full the
agreement dated August 1, 1995, as amended.
10.41 Amended employment agreement dated February 22, 1999, between ACTV,
Inc. and David Reese, amending and restating in full the agreement
dated August 1, 1995, as amended.
10.42 Amended employment agreement dated February 22, 1999, between ACTV,
Inc. and Bruce Crowley, amending and restating in full the agreement
dated August 1, 1995, as amended.
10.43(a) Amended stock option agreement dated January 4, 1999, between ACTV,
Inc. and William C. Samuels, amending and restating in full the
agreement dated February 21, 1998.
10.43(b) Amended stock option agreement dated January 4, 1999, between ACTV,
Inc. and Bruce Crowley, amending and restating in full the agreement
dated February 21, 1998.
10.43(c) Amended stock option agreement dated January 4, 1999, between ACTV,
Inc. and David Reese, amending and restating in full the agreement
dated February 21, 1998.
10.44(a) Amended stock option agreement dated March 5, 1999, between ACTV, Inc.
and William C. Samuels, amending and restating in full the agreement
dated December 1, 1995, as amended.
10.44(b) Amended stock option agreement dated March 5, 1999, between ACTV, Inc.
and David Reese, amending and restating in full the agreement dated
December 1, 1995, as amended.
10.44(c) Amended stock option agreement dated March 5, 1999, between ACTV, Inc.
and Bruce Crowley, amending and restating in full the agreement dated
December 1, 1995, as amended.
10.45 Amended license agreement dated March 8, 1999, between ACTV, Inc. and
ACTV Entertainment, Inc., amending and restating in full the agreement
dated March 14, 1997.
10.46 Amended license agreement dated March 8, 1999, between ACTV, Inc. and
HyperTV Networks, Inc., amending and restating in full the agreement
dated March 13, 1997.
10.47 Patent assignment and license agreement between ACTV, Inc. and
Earthweb, Inc. dated December 1, 1997.
10.48 Employment agreement dated January 1, 1999, between ACTV, Inc. and
Christopher Cline.
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
27 Financial Data Schedule
* Incorporated by reference from Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No.
33-34618)
** Incorporated by reference to ACTV, Inc.'s Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1993.
*** Incorporated by reference from Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No.
33-63879) which became effective on February 12, 1996.
**** Incorporated by reference to ACTV, Inc.'s Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1996.
***** Incorporated by reference from the Exhibits to Schedule 13D filed by
Value Partners, Ltd. on January 23, 1998.
****** Incorporated by reference from Form S-3 Registration Statement filed on
December 30, 1998.
+ Incorporated by reference to ACTV, Inc.'s Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1997.
++ Certain information contained in this exhibit has been omitted and filed
separately with the Commission along with an application for
non-disclosure of information pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended.