SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
[X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2002 | ||
OR | ||
[ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from ______________________________to_______________________________
Commission file number 000-22171
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
FLORIDA | 65-0670898 | |
|
||
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1001 BRICKELL BAY DRIVE, 25th FLOOR, MIAMI, FLORIDA 33131
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)
Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (305) 577-3464
Indicate whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes [ ] No [ ]
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
Class | Outstanding at November 8, 2002 | |
|
||
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | 20,717,304 |
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
INDEX
Page | ||||||||
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||
Item 1 - Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2002 (unaudited) and December 31, 2001 | 2 | |||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2002 (unaudited) and 2001 (unaudited) | 3 | |||||
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders Deficit for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 (unaudited) | 4 | |||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 (unaudited) and 2001 (unaudited) | 5 | |||||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 6 |
Item 2 - Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 13 | |||
Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 25 | |||
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures | 25 | |||
PART II OTHER INFORMATION | ||||
Item 1 - Legal Proceedings | 26 | |||
Item 6 - Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K | 27 |
Niaspan® and Advicor are trademarks of Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ||
Mavik® and Tarka® are trademarks of Abbot Laboratories, Inc. |
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS
(in thousands)
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||
(Unaudited) | |||||||||||
ASSETS |
|||||||||||
Current Assets: |
|||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 6,924 | $ | 45,319 | |||||||
Trade accounts receivable, net |
18,790 | 12,441 | |||||||||
Inventories |
4,162 | 7,732 | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
3,876 | 7,966 | |||||||||
Total current assets |
33,752 | 73,458 | |||||||||
Fixed Assets, net |
11,812 | 6,879 | |||||||||
Other Assets |
1,418 | 2,604 | |||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 46,982 | $ | 82,941 | |||||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS DEFICIT |
|||||||||||
Current Liabilities: |
|||||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 1,623 | $ | 4,697 | |||||||
Accrued expenses |
27,987 | 24,857 | |||||||||
Advance payments from customers |
11,366 | 6,691 | |||||||||
Current portion of notes payable to Shareholder |
| 10,000 | |||||||||
Current portion of capital lease obligations |
56 | 53 | |||||||||
Total current liabilities |
41,032 | 46,298 | |||||||||
Notes Payable to Shareholder, net of current portion |
87,000 | 95,000 | |||||||||
Capital Lease Obligations, net of current portion |
39 | 82 | |||||||||
Shareholders Deficit: |
|||||||||||
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized,
none issued and outstanding |
| | |||||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized,
20,706,179 and 20,492,371 shares issued and outstanding as
of September 30, 2002 (unaudited) and December 31, 2001, respectively |
207 | 205 | |||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
218,924 | 214,895 | |||||||||
Restricted stock grant |
(770 | ) | (994 | ) | |||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(299,450 | ) | (272,545 | ) | |||||||
Total shareholders deficit |
(81,089 | ) | (58,439 | ) | |||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders deficit |
$ | 46,982 | $ | 82,941 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
2
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
Three Months | Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||
Ended | Ended | |||||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||
Revenues, net |
$ | 45,536 | $ | 25,877 | $ | 117,677 | $ | 62,151 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales |
4,445 | 1,955 | 11,594 | 5,357 | ||||||||||||||
41,091 | 23,922 | 106,083 | 56,794 | |||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
9,765 | 8,621 | 33,756 | 22,551 | ||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
30,594 | 23,001 | 96,234 | 58,497 | ||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
40,359 | 31,622 | 129,990 | 81,048 | ||||||||||||||
Income (Loss) from operations |
732 | (7,700 | ) | (23,907 | ) | (24,254 | ) | |||||||||||
Other Expense (Income): |
||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | 10 | | ||||||||||||||
Interest income, net |
(23 | ) | (63 | ) | (131 | ) | (209 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest expense-related party |
1,102 | 1,560 | 3,119 | 4,760 | ||||||||||||||
Total other expense |
1,079 | 1,497 | 2,998 | 4,551 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (347 | ) | $ | (9,197 | ) | $ | (26,905 | ) | $ | (28,805 | ) | ||||||
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
$ | (0.02 | ) | $ | (0.45 | ) | $ | (1.31 | ) | $ | (1.43 | ) | ||||||
Weighted average shares of Common
Stock outstanding, basic and diluted |
20,626 | 20,341 | 20,577 | 20,099 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
3
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT
OF SHAREHOLDERS DEFICIT (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
Additional | Restricted | |||||||||||||||||||
Common | Paid-in | Stock | Accumulated | |||||||||||||||||
Stock | Capital | Grant | Deficit | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 |
$ | 205 | $ | 214,895 | $ | (994 | ) | $ | (272,545 | ) | $ | (58,439 | ) | |||||||
Common Stock granted to employees
under Kos Savings Plan |
| 523 | | | 523 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of Common Stock to employees
under Stock Purchase Plan |
1 | 1,624 | | | 1,625 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
1 | 1,052 | | | 1,053 | |||||||||||||||
Compensation cost on restricted stock
grant |
| | 224 | | 224 | |||||||||||||||
Compensation cost on Common Stock
warrants award |
| 830 | | | 830 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | (26,905 | ) | (26,905 | ) | |||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2002 |
$ | 207 | $ | 218,924 | $ | (770 | ) | $ | (299,450 | ) | $ | (81,089 | ) | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
4
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||
September 30, | ||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |
||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (26,905 | ) | $ | (28,805 | ) | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
1,779 | 2,071 | ||||||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts |
| 75 | ||||||||||
Provision for inventory obsolescence |
360 | 480 | ||||||||||
Common Stock granted to employees |
523 | 482 | ||||||||||
Compensation cost on restricted stock grant |
224 | 128 | ||||||||||
Compensation cost on Common Stock warrants award |
830 | | ||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Trade accounts receivable |
(6,349 | ) | (4,710 | ) | ||||||||
Inventories |
3,210 | (4,046 | ) | |||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
4,090 | (6,197 | ) | |||||||||
Other assets |
6 | 179 | ||||||||||
Accounts payable |
(3,074 | ) | 4,014 | |||||||||
Accrued expenses |
3,130 | 10,529 | ||||||||||
Advance payments from customers |
4,675 | (3,251 | ) | |||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(17,501 | ) | (29,051 | ) | ||||||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Capital expenditures and deposits on fixed assets to be acquired |
(5,532 | ) | (2,548 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(5,532 | ) | (2,548 | ) | ||||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock to employees under
Stock Purchase Plan |
1,625 | 1,151 | ||||||||||
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options |
1,053 | 2,275 | ||||||||||
Borrowings under Notes Payable to Shareholder |
12,000 | 27,000 | ||||||||||
Payment of Notes Payable to Shareholder |
(30,000 | ) | | |||||||||
Payments under capital lease obligations |
(40 | ) | (68 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
(15,362 | ) | 30,358 | |||||||||
Net decrease in cash and
cash equivalents |
(38,395 | ) | (1,241 | ) | ||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of period |
45,319 | 6,125 | ||||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period |
$ | 6,924 | $ | 4,884 | ||||||||
Supplemental
Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: |
||||||||||||
Interest
paid |
$ | 3,098 | $ | 4,410 | ||||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Information: |
||||||||||||
Acquisition of equipment under capital lease obligations |
$ | | $ | 167 | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
5
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. General
The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the Company or Kos) without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company. The results of operations and cash flows for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2002, are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations or cash flows that may be reported for the year ending December 31, 2002. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Companys Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001.
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141, Business Combinations (SFAS 141). SFAS 141 addresses financial accounting and reporting for business combinations and supercedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 16, Business Combinations and SFAS No. 38, Accounting for Preacquisition Contingencies of Purchase Enterprises. As established by SFAS 141, all business combinations are to be accounted for under the purchase method. SFAS 141 was effective June 30, 2001. The adoption of SFAS 141 did not have an impact on the Companys financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In July 2001, the FASB also issued SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). SFAS 142 addresses financial accounting and reporting for intangible assets acquired individually or with a group of other assets (but not those acquired in a business combination) at acquisition. SFAS 142 also addresses financial accounting and reporting for goodwill and other intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition. With the adoption of SFAS 142, goodwill is no longer subject to amortization. Rather, goodwill will be subject to at least an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair-value based test. The impairment loss is the amount, if any, by which the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying or book value. SFAS 142 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. The adoption of SFAS 142 did not have a material impact on the Companys financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
6
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations (SFAS 143). SFAS 143 addresses financial accounting and reporting for obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002. The Company believes the adoption of SFAS 143 will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment of Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (SFAS 144). SFAS 144 addresses financial accounting and reporting for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets and supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of, and the accounting and reporting provision of APB Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions, for the disposal of a segment of a business (as previously defined in that opinion). SFAS 144 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early application encouraged. The adoption of SFAS 144 did not have a material impact on the Companys financial position or results of operations.
In April 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 145, Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of SFAS 13, and Technical Corrections (SFAS 145). SFAS 145 rescinds previous accounting guidance, which required all gains and losses from extinguishment of debt be classified as an extraordinary item. Under FAS 145 classification of debt extinguishment depends on the facts and circumstances of the transaction. SFAS 145 is effective for fiscal years beginning after May 15, 2002. The Company believes that the adoption of SFAS 145 will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities (SFAS 146). SFAS 146 addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and nullifies the Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring, (Issue 94-3). The principal difference between Statement 146 and Issue 94-3 relates to Statement 146s requirements for recognition of a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity. Statement 146 requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. Under Issue 94-3, a liability for an exit cost was recognized at the date of an entitys commitment to an exit plan. A fundamental conclusion reached by the FASB in this Statement is that an entitys commitment to a plan, by itself, does not create an obligation that meets the definition of a liability. Therefore, this Statement eliminates the definition and requirements for recognition of exit costs in Issue 94-3. This Statement also establishes that fair value is the objective for initial measurement of the liability. SFAS 146 is effective for exit or disposal activities that are initiated after December 31, 2002. The Company believes that the adoption of SFAS 146 will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
7
3. Reporting of Comprehensive Income or Loss
SFAS No. 130 Reporting Comprehensive Income, establishes standards of reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of financial statements. Comprehensive income or loss refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are not included in net income or loss but rather are recorded directly in stockholders equity, such as certain unrealized gain or loss items. The Companys reported loss equals comprehensive loss for all periods presented.
4. Net Loss Per Share
Basic loss per share is determined by dividing the Companys net loss by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Diluted loss per share also includes dilutive Common Stock equivalents outstanding after applying the treasury stock method. The Companys basic and diluted earnings per share are the same, because the Companys Common Stock equivalents are antidilutive. The following Common Stock equivalents have been excluded from the calculation of weighted average shares outstanding:
September 30, | ||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Stock options outstanding |
6,539 | 4,665 | ||||||||
Convertible debt ($50 million at $4.91
per share See Note 7) |
10,183 | 10,183 | ||||||||
Non-detachable warrants (at $5.00
per share See Note 7) |
6,000 | 6,000 | ||||||||
Total |
22,722 | 20,848 | ||||||||
5. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Raw materials |
$ | 1,315 | $ | 936 | ||||||
Work in process |
1,124 | 2,500 | ||||||||
Finished goods |
1,723 | 4,296 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 4,162 | $ | 7,732 | ||||||
8
6. Co-Promotion and Strategic Alliance Arrangement
During 1999, the Company entered into a co-promotion collaboration agreement with Knoll Pharmaceutical Company (Knoll), for the promotion and marketing of the Mavik and Tarka products (Mavik® and Tarka® are registered trademarks of Abbott Laboratories, Inc.) within the United States (the Abbott Agreement). Under the terms of the Abbott Agreement, the Company was to receive an increasing percentage of revenue based on sales thresholds. On March 2, 2001, Abbott Laboratories, Inc. (Abbott) announced that it had finalized its acquisition of BASFs pharmaceutical business, which included the global operations of Knoll. Following such acquisition, the Company and Abbott agreed to terminate the Abbott Agreement effective January 1, 2002. The Company recorded $2.1 and $5.4 million of co-promotion revenue as a result of the Abbott Agreement for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2001, respectively.
The Company entered into an agreement, effective May 3, 2000, with DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company (DuPont) to form a strategic alliance for the purpose of co-promoting the Companys Advicor product in the United States and Canada (the DuPont Agreement). Under the terms of the DuPont Agreement, the Company and DuPont would have shared in the future development and commercialization of the Advicor product. Specifically, DuPont had agreed (i) to make equity investments in the Company up to $30 million through the date of FDA approval of the Advicor product; (ii) to pay the Company $17.5 million in milestone payments upon FDA approval of the Advicor product; (iii) to fund up to $32.5 million for future clinical development of the Advicor product; and (iv) to share equally in the costs associated with promoting the Advicor product and share equally in product profits after deducting a royalty to the Company. On May 31, 2000, DuPont made a $20-million equity investment in the Company in exchange for 1,250,000 shares of the Companys Common Stock. On June 7, 2001, DuPonts parent company, E.I. du Pont Nemours, announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell DuPont to Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) and on October 1, 2001, BMS completed its acquisition of DuPont. On December 17, 2001, the Company entered into an agreement with BMS pursuant to which the DuPont Agreement was terminated and BMS paid Kos $45 million (the BMS Payment).
7. Notes Payable to Shareholder
On July 1, 1998, the Company entered into a $30-million credit facility (the Credit Facility) with Michael Jaharis, Chairman Emeritus of the Companys Board of Directors and its principal shareholder. On January 15, 2002, in order to reduce interest costs, the Company utilized $10 million of the BMS Payment to pay off the remaining borrowings made under the Credit Facility. In connection with the Companys repayment of this loan, Mr. Jaharis agreed to continue to make available to the Company the full original borrowing capacity of the Credit Facility provided that future Company borrowings from Mr. Jaharis be first made from the existing borrowing capacity of Mr. Jaharis other credit lines with Kos. All other terms of the Credit Facility remain in full force and effect. The Credit Facility bears interest at the prime rate (4.75% as of September 30, 2002), and matures on December 31, 2002. There are no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility at September 30, 2002. The Company and Mr. Jaharis have agreed in principle on the terms of a replacement of the Credit Facility with a standby facility of an equal amount that will be available to the Company until June 30, 2008
9
(the Additional Standby Facility). The terms of the refinancing include a grant of non-detachable warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Companys Common Stock at its market price whenever the first draw may occur.
On September 1, 1999, the Company formally agreed to the terms of an additional $50 million funding arrangement initially entered into with Michael Jaharis on October 7, 1998 (the Supplemental Credit Facility). On July 21, 2001, the Company replaced its existing $50 million promissory note payable to Mr. Jaharis with two, $25 million, promissory notes, one payable in the name of Mr. Jaharis and the other payable in the name of Mr. Jaharis wife. With this promissory note replacement, all of Mr. Jaharis existing rights and obligations under the Supplemental Credit Facility, with respect to one-half of the outstanding amount, have been transferred to Mrs. Jaharis, and subsequently to her transferee. All other terms and conditions of the Supplemental Credit Facility remain unchanged. Borrowings under the Supplemental Credit Facility totaled $50 million as of September 30, 2002, bear interest at the prime rate, are convertible (at $4.91 per share) into shares of the Companys Common Stock, and will be due December 31, 2003. Although no amounts borrowed under the Supplemental Credit Facility had been converted as of September 30, 2002, the conversion of amounts borrowed under such credit facility into shares of the Companys Common Stock would have resulted in the issuance of 10,183,299 additional shares of the Companys Common Stock, which would have resulted in material dilution to existing shareholders of the Company.
On December 21, 1999, Mr. Jaharis agreed to extend another $50-million loan to the Company (the Standby Facility). During 2002, in order to reduce interest costs, the Company, on two separate occasions, paid-off borrowings made under the Standby Facility. The first such pay-off, for $15 million, was made on January 15, 2002, utilizing funds obtained from the BMS Payment. The second debt pay-off, for $5 million, was made on September 19, 2002, utilizing funds from operating activities. Borrowings made under the Standby Facility totaled $37 million as of September 30, 2002, are due June 20, 2005, and are also subject to most of the terms and conditions of borrowings made under the Supplemental Credit Facility. Borrowings made under the Standby Facility are not, however, convertible into shares of the Companys Common Stock. In lieu of a conversion feature, the Company granted to Mr. Jaharis non-detachable warrants to purchase up to 6,000,000 shares of the Companys Common Stock at $5.00 per share, which approximates the market value of the Companys Common Stock on the effective date of the Standby Facility. The warrants are exercisable at any time until June 30, 2006.
The Company recorded $3.1 million and $4.8 million of interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively, related to its credit facilities with Mr. Jaharis and his transferees.
10
8. Compensation Cost for Stock Options Issued to Employees
As permitted by SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), the Company accounts for options issued to employees and to outside directors (after June 30, 2000) under APB No. 25. Consequently, no compensation cost has been recognized on options issued to employees because the exercise price of such options was not less than the market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant. Had compensation cost for options issued to employees been determined consistent with SFAS 123, the Companys net loss and net loss per share would have been the Pro Forma amounts shown in the following table:
Three Months | Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||
Ended | Ended | ||||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
2002 | 2001 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share data) | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss: |
|||||||||||||||||
As reported |
$ | (347 | ) | $ | (9,197 | ) | $ | (26,905 | ) | $ | (28,805 | ) | |||||
Pro forma |
(3,978 | ) | (11,159 | ) | (37,797 | ) | (34,692 | ) | |||||||||
Net
loss per share: |
|||||||||||||||||
As reported |
$ | (0.02 | ) | $ | (0.45 | ) | $ | (1.31 | ) | $ | (1.43 | ) | |||||
Pro forma |
(0.19 | ) | (0.55 | ) | (1.84 | ) | (1.73 | ) |
9. Revenue Recognition, Forward Buy-in, and Advance Payments from Customers
Sales and the related cost of sales are recognized at the time product is shipped. The Companys largest customers are distributors who warehouse product and, in turn, sell that product to retailers and others. Net sales consist of gross sales to the Companys customers less provisions for expected rebates and chargebacks, discounts, and returns to customers and to managed care organizations with whom the Company has contracts.
Similar to most other pharmaceutical companies, Kos has at times been subject to significant forward buy-in from pharmaceutical wholesalers. Forward buy-in is a practice whereby pharmaceutical wholesalers, relying on their ability to predict manufacturer price increases, augment product purchases just prior to such anticipated increases, as a mechanism to bolster operating profits. Thus, depending on when a particular wholesalers forecasting model predicts the possibility of a price increase, product demand by wholesalers during a given period may not correlate with prescription demand for such product in that period. As a result, the Company periodically evaluates the inventory position of its customers to determine whether increased risk of product return exists because abnormally high inventory levels of its products are present throughout the product distribution channel. If such abnormally high inventory levels are identified, the Companys policy is to not recognize the revenue and related expenses associated with the excess inventory held by customers until such return risk is mitigated. Accordingly, the Company did not recognize $11.7 million in net revenues and related expenses associated with product shipments made during the quarter ended September 30, 2002 and will not recognize such revenues and related expenses until the level of Niaspan
11
and Advicor products warehoused by customers returns to normal levels. Included in Advanced Payments from Customers in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is $11.4 million as of September 30, 2002, representing payments received on Niaspan and Advicor product shipments made during the nine months ended September 30, 2002, for which revenue has not been recognized.
A key variable used by the Company to assess the level of product return risk entails a determination of an appropriate or normal measurement of the inventory level throughout the product distribution channel, in terms of months-on-hand, necessary to meet normal demand for its products without an excessive risk of product return. During its quarter ended September 30, 2002, the Company, based on the latest available market data and on its internal analysis, adjusted such key variable for its Niaspan product from the level used during the quarter ended June 30, 2002, which was calculated to be 1.6 months-on-hand, to 1.9 months-on-hand for the quarter ended September 30, 2002. The Company believes that this change was necessary to adequately reflect the appropriate Niaspan inventory level needed throughout the product distribution channel to meet normal demand for its Niaspan product, and is consistent with the Companys determination of appropriate inventory levels for periods prior to the June 30, 2002 quarter. If, however, the Company had utilized during the quarter ended September 30, 2002, the same key variable used during the quarter ended June 30, 2002, to estimate whether increased risk of Niaspan product return existed because abnormally high inventory levels of such products was present throughout the product distribution channel, reported net revenue for third quarter of 2002 would have been reduced by $3.2 million and the amount of net revenue that would not have been recognized would have increased to $14.9 million.
10. Subsequent Event
Commercialization Alliance with Merck KGaA
On October 23, 2002, the Company signed an exclusive international commercialization agreement with Merck KGaA to market the Niaspan and Advicor products outside the United States, Canada and Japan. Under terms of the agreement, Merck will provide Kos up to $61 million in licensing, milestone and reimbursement payments, including $15 million of upfront payments, of which $12.5 million are reimbursable by Kos if it fails to achieve certain regulatory milestones. The milestone payments are dependent on the achievement of certain regulatory approvals and sales thresholds. Kos will also receive 25% of net sales of the products in the territory, which includes the cost of goods sold. Merck will be responsible for conducting Phase IV clinical studies and commercialization activities while Kos is responsible for obtaining initial marketing authorization in all European countries and the supply and manufacturing of the products. This description of the agreement with Merck is subject to the actual terms of such agreement, which is available as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2002.
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Item 2 Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
General
A predecessor corporation to the Company was formed in July 1988 under the name of Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc., principally to conduct research and development on new formulations of existing prescription pharmaceutical products. In June 1993, Aeropharm Technologies, Inc. (Aeropharm), a then majority-owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed to conduct research and development activities on aerosolized products, dispensed in metered-dosed inhalers, for the treatment of respiratory diseases. During June 1996, this predecessor corporation acquired the outstanding minority interest in Aeropharm; changed its name to Kos Holdings, Inc. (Holdings); established the Company as a wholly-owned subsidiary under the name of Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; and, effective as of June 30, 1996, transferred all of its existing assets, liabilities and intellectual property, other than certain net operating loss carryforwards, to the Company. Accordingly, all references in this Form 10-Q filing to the Companys business include the business and operations of Holdings until June 30, 1996.
On March 12, 1997, the Company completed an initial public offering of its Common Stock (IPO). From inception through the IPO, the Company had not recorded any significant revenues, and the Company had funded its operations exclusively through equity contributions and a loan from its majority shareholder. Through September 30, 2002, the Company had accumulated a deficit from operations of $299.5 million. In connection with the transfer of operations from Holdings to the Company during June 1996, net operating loss carryforwards amounting to approximately $51 million and related tax benefits were retained by Holdings and not transferred to the Company. Consequently, the Company may utilize net operating losses sustained subsequent to June 30, 1996, amounting to approximately $250 million as of September 30, 2002, to offset future taxable net income, if any.
On July 28, 1997, the Company was granted clearance by the FDA to market its lead product, Niaspan. The Company began shipping Niaspan to wholesalers in mid-August 1997 and began detailing Niaspan to physicians in September 1997. On December 17, 2001, the Company received approval from the FDA to market its new Niaspan/lovastatin combination product, Advicor. The Company began marketing Advicor at the end of January 2002.
Results of Operations
Critical Accounting Policies
The Companys significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Kos annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2002. The Company believes that its most critical accounting policies include revenue recognition and the estimation of product returns and other allowances. The impact of these estimates on results of operations for the nine months and three
13
months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, are described below. The Companys management periodically reviews these policies and estimates, the effect of which is reflected as a component of net revenue in the period in which the change is known.
Similar to most other pharmaceutical companies, Kos has at times been subject to significant forward buy-in from pharmaceutical wholesalers. Forward buy-in is a practice whereby pharmaceutical wholesalers, relying on their ability to predict manufacturer price increases, augment product purchases just prior to such anticipated increases, as a mechanism to bolster operating profits. Thus, depending on when a particular wholesalers forecasting model predicts the possibility of a price increase, product demand by wholesalers during a given period may not correlate with prescription demand for such product in that period. As a result, the Company periodically evaluates the inventory position of its customers to determine whether increased risk of product return exists because abnormally high inventory levels of its products are present throughout the product distribution channel. If such abnormally high inventory levels are identified, the Companys policy is to not recognize the revenue and related expenses associated with the excess inventory held by customers until such return risk is mitigated. Accordingly, the Company did not recognize $11.7 million in net revenues and related expenses associated with product shipments made during the quarter ended September 30, 2002 and will not recognize such gross revenues and related expenses until the level of Niaspan and Advicor products warehoused by customers returns to normal levels.
A key variable used by the Company to assess the level of product return risk entails a determination of an appropriate or normal measurement of the inventory level throughout the product distribution channel, in terms of months-on-hand, necessary to meet normal demand for its products without an excessive risk of product return. During its quarter ended September 30, 2002, the Company, based on the latest available market data and on its internal analysis, adjusted such key variable for its Niaspan product from the level used during the quarter ended June 30, 2002, which was calculated to be 1.6 months-on-hand, to 1.9 months-on-hand for the quarter ended September 30, 2002. The Company believes that this change was necessary to adequately reflect the appropriate Niaspan inventory level needed throughout the product distribution channel to meet normal demand for its Niaspan product, and is consistent with the Companys determination of appropriate inventory levels for periods prior to the June 30, 2002 quarter. If, however, the Company had utilized during the quarter ended September 30, 2002, the same key variable used during the quarter ended June 30, 2002, to estimate whether increased risk of Niaspan product return existed because abnormally high inventory levels of such products was present throughout the product distribution channel, reported net revenue for third quarter of 2002 would have been reduced by $3.2 million and the amount of net revenue that would not have been recognized would have increased to $14.9 million.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2002 and 2001
The Companys reported revenue, including the effect of Niaspan and Advicor revenue not recognized during the period, increased to $117.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, from $62.2 million for the 2001 period. This increase in revenue was mostly related to increases in prescription volume for the Companys Niaspan product during the 2002 period, from the comparable 2001 period, as well as to the market introduction, during late January 2002, of the Companys Advicor product. More specifically, Niaspan and Advicor revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, were as follows:
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, | ||||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||
Product shipments |
$ | 122.3 | $ | 56.6 | ||||
Prior period product shipments recorded
as revenue during period |
7.1 | 3.8 | ||||||
Current period product shipments not
recognized as revenue |
(11.7 | ) | (3.6 | ) | ||||
Reported product sales |
$ | 117.7 | $ | 56.8 | ||||
The increase in Niaspan and Advicor product sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2002, were partially offset by the absence, during the 2002 period, of $5.4 million in co-promotion revenue associated with the terms of a co-promotion agreement with Abbott Laboratories, Inc. (Abbott), for the promotion and marketing of Abbotts Mavik and Tarka products within the United States (the Abbott Agreement). Under the terms of the Abbott Agreement, the Company received an increasing percentage of revenue based on sales thresholds. Kos and Abbott agreed to terminate the Abbott Agreement effective January 1, 2002. Accordingly, revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, does not reflect co-promotion revenue associated with the Abbott Agreement.
Gross profit (reported product sales less cost of product sold) for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, was $106.1 million, compared with $51.4 million for the 2001 period.
Through December 17, 2001, the Company was subject to an agreement with DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company (DuPont) for the purpose of co-promoting the Companys Advicor product in the United States and Canada (the DuPont Agreement). Under the terms of the DuPont Agreement, the Company and DuPont would have shared in the future development and commercialization of the Advicor product. Specifically, DuPont had agreed (i) to make equity investments in the Company up to $30 million through the date of FDA approval of the Advicor product; (ii) to pay the Company $17.5 million in milestone payments upon FDA approval of the Advicor product; (iii) to fund up to $32.5 million for future clinical development of the Advicor product; and (iv) to share equally in the costs associated with promoting the Advicor product and share equally in product profits after deducting a royalty to
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the Company. On May 31, 2000, DuPont made a $20-million equity investment in the Company in exchange for 1,250,000 shares of the Companys Common Stock. On June 7, 2001, DuPonts parent company, E.I. du Pont Nemours, announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell DuPont to Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) and on October 1, 2001, BMS completed its acquisition of DuPont. On December 17, 2001, the Company entered into an agreement with BMS pursuant to which the DuPont Agreement was terminated and BMS paid Kos $45 million (the BMS Payment).
On January 28, 2002, following the termination of the DuPont Agreement, the Company began commercializing its new dual-component Niaspan/lovastatin product, Advicor. Accordingly, results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, reflect the Companys significant efforts in connection with the commercial launch of this new product.
The Companys research and development expenses increased to $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, from $22.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001. The increased expense related primarily to increases of $4.3 million in medical education costs in support of the Niaspan and Advicor products, of $2.6 million in personnel and personnel related costs, and of $2.2 million in formulation development costs for products under development. Research and development expenses were also affected by the absence, during the 2002 period, of a $1.4 million contribution made by DuPont during the 2001 period pursuant to the DuPont Agreement, which agreement was terminated on December 17, 2001. Under the terms of the DuPont Agreement, DuPont shared equally with the Company in costs associated with the clinical development, medical education, and promotional efforts of the Companys Advicor product. This growth in research and development expenses was partially offset by a decrease of $0.5 million in clinical study costs as a result of the substantial completion, during the 2002 period, of an Advicor clinical trial.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased to $96.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, from $58.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001. Within this category, selling expenses increased to $80.2 million for the 2002 period from $48.6 million for the comparable 2001 period. The growth in selling expenses was primarily related to increases of $18.7 million in sales force operating costs, of $12.6 million in marketing costs, of $2.7 million in royalty expenses, of $1.0 million in fees associated with a contract sales organizations assistance in the promotion of the Companys Niaspan and Advicor products, of $0.7 million in medical education grants, and by the absence, during the 2002 period, of a $1.3 million contribution made by DuPont during the 2001 period pursuant to the DuPont Agreement. Because of the termination of the Abbott Agreement, selling expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, also exclude the effect of co-promotion expenses associated with such co-promotion arrangement, which totaled $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001. General and administrative expenses increased to $16.0 million for the 2002 period, from $9.9 million for the 2001 period. This increase in general and administrative expenses related primarily to an increase of $1.8 million in personnel and personnel related costs, of $1.5 million in patent costs, of $1.3 million in costs associated with a Common Stock warrant grant awarded to a contract sales organization
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assisting in the promotion of the Companys Niaspan and Advicor products, and $1.5 million in other costs associated with the expanded activities of the Company.
The Company is subject to the terms of the July 1, 1998, $30 million credit facility (the Credit Facility), and the December 21, 1999, $50 million credit facility (the Standby Facility), with Michael Jaharis, Chairman Emeritus of the Companys Board of Directors and its principal shareholder. The Company is also subject to the terms of the September 1, 1999, $50 million credit facility (the Supplemental Credit Facility) with Mr. Jaharis and with a transferee of Mr. Jaharis wife. Borrowings under these credit facilities totaled $87 million as of September 30, 2002, and bear interest at the prime rate (4.75% as of September 30, 2002). Interest expense under these credit facilities totaled $3.1 million and $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
The Company incurred a net loss of $26.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2002, compared with a net loss of $28.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2001.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2002 and 2001
The Companys reported revenue, including the effect of Niaspan and Advicor revenue not recognized during the period, increased to $45.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002, from $25.9 million for the 2001 period. This increase in revenue was mostly related to increases in prescription volume for the Companys Niaspan product during the 2002 period, from the comparable 2001 period, as well as to the market introduction, during late January 2002, of the Companys Advicor product. More specifically, Niaspan and Advicor revenue for the quarters ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, were as follows:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, | ||||||||
2002 | 2001 | |||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||
Product shipments |
$ | 53.3 | $ | 23.3 | ||||
Prior period product shipments recorded as
revenue during period |
3.9 | 4.1 | ||||||
Current period product shipments not
recognized as revenue |
(11.7 | ) | (3.6 | ) | ||||
Reported product sales |
$ | 45.5 | $ | 23.8 | ||||
The increase in Niaspan and Advicor product sales during the quarter ended September 30, 2002, were partially offset by the absence, during the 2002 quarter, of $2.1 million in co-promotion revenue recorded during the comparable 2001 quarter associated with the Abbott Agreement.
Gross profit (reported product sales less cost of product sold) for the three months ended September 30, 2002, was $41.1 million, compared with $21.8 million for the 2001 period.
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The Companys research and development expenses increased to $9.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002, from $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2001. The increased expense related primarily to increases of $1.5 million in personnel and personnel related costs, of $0.9 million in formulation development costs for products under development, and by the absence, during the 2002 period, of a $1.2 million contribution made by DuPont during the 2001 period pursuant to the DuPont Agreement. This growth in research and development expenses was partially offset by a decrease of $3.3 million in clinical study costs as a result of the substantial completion, during the 2002 period, of an Advicor clinical trial.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased to $30.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002, from $23.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2001. Within this category, selling expenses increased to $24.5 million for the 2002 period from $19.6 million for the comparable 2001 period. The growth in selling expenses was primarily related to increases of $3.4 million in sales force operating costs, of $2.4 million in marketing costs, of $0.5 million in medical education grants, of $0.2 million in royalty expenses, and by the absence, during the 2002 period, of a $0.6 million contribution made by DuPont during the 2001 period pursuant to the DuPont Agreement. Because of the termination of the Abbott Agreement, selling expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2002, exclude the effect of co-promotion expenses associated with such co-promotion arrangement, which totaled $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2001. General and administrative expenses increased to $6.1 million for the 2002 period, from $3.4 million for the 2001 period. This increase in general and administrative expenses related primarily to an increase of $1.2 million in personnel and personnel related costs, of $0.6 million in patent costs, of $0.4 million in costs associated with a Common Stock warrant grant awarded to a contract sales organization assisting in the promotion of the Companys Niaspan and Advicor products, and of $0.5 million in other costs associated with the expanded activities of the Company.
Interest expense under the Companys credit facilities totaled $1.1 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
The Company incurred a net loss of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2002, compared with a net loss of $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2001.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At September 30, 2002, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling $6.9 million and had a working capital deficiency of $7.3 million. The Companys primary uses of cash to date have been in operating activities to fund selling, general and administrative expenses, and research and development expenses, including clinical trials. As of September 30, 2002, the Companys investment in equipment and leasehold improvements, net of depreciation and amortization, was $11.8 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2002, the
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Company spent $5.5 million in capital expenditures and deposits on fixed assets to be acquired. The Company expects to spend about $2 million in capital expenditures during the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2002.
On July 1, 1998, the Company entered into a $30-million credit facility (the Credit Facility) with Michael Jaharis, Chairman Emeritus of the Companys Board of Directors and its principal shareholder. On January 15, 2002, in order to reduce interest costs, the Company utilized $10 million of the BMS Payment to pay off the remaining borrowings made under the Credit Facility. In connection with the Companys repayment of this loan, Mr. Jaharis agreed to continue to make available to the Company the full original borrowing capacity of the Credit Facility provided that future Company borrowings from Mr. Jaharis be first made from the existing borrowing capacity of Mr. Jaharis other credit lines with Kos. All other terms of the Credit Facility remain in full force and effect. The Credit Facility bears interest at the prime rate (4.75% as of September 30, 2002), and matures on December 31, 2002. There are no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility at September 30, 2002. The Company and Mr. Jaharis have agreed in principle on the terms of a replacement of the Credit Facility with a standby facility of an equal amount that will be available to the Company until June 30, 2008 (the Additional Standby Facility). The terms of the refinancing include a grant of non-detachable warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Companys Common Stock at its market price whenever the first draw may occur.
On September 1, 1999, the Company formally agreed to the terms of an additional $50-million funding arrangement initially entered into with Michael Jaharis on October 7, 1998 (the Supplemental Credit Facility). On July 21, 2001, the Company replaced its existing $50 million promissory note payable to Mr. Jaharis with two, $25 million, promissory notes, one payable in the name of Mr. Jaharis and the other payable in the name of Mr. Jaharis wife. With this promissory note replacement, all of Mr. Jaharis existing rights and obligations under the Supplemental Credit Facility, with respect to one-half of the outstanding amount, have been transferred to Mrs. Jaharis, and subsequently to her transferee. All other terms and conditions of the Supplemental Credit Facility remain unchanged. Borrowings under the Supplemental Credit Facility totaled $50 million as of September 30, 2002, bear interest at the prime rate, are convertible (at $4.91 per share) into shares of the Companys Common Stock, and will be due December 31, 2003. Although no amounts borrowed under the Supplemental Credit Facility had been converted as of September 30, 2002, the conversion of amounts borrowed under such credit facility into shares of the Companys Common Stock would have resulted in the issuance of 10,183,299 additional shares of the Companys Common Stock, which would have resulted in material dilution to existing shareholders of the Company.
On December 21, 1999, Mr. Jaharis agreed to extend another $50-million loan to the Company (the Standby Facility). During 2002, in order to reduce interest costs, the Company, on two separate occasions, paid-off borrowings made under the Standby Facility. The first such pay-off, for $15 million, was made on January 15, 2002, utilizing funds obtained from the BMS Payment. The second debt pay-off, for $5 million, was made on September 19, 2002, utilizing funds from operating activities. Borrowings made under the Standby Facility totaled $37 million as of September 30, 2002, are due June 20, 2005, and are
19
also subject to most of the terms and conditions of borrowings made under the Supplemental Credit Facility. Borrowings made under the Standby Facility are not, however, convertible into shares of the Companys Common Stock. In lieu of a conversion feature, the Company granted to Mr. Jaharis non-detachable warrants to purchase up to 6,000,000 shares of the Companys Common Stock at $5.00 per share, which approximates the market value of the Companys Common Stock on the effective date of the Standby Facility. The warrants are exercisable at any time until June 30, 2006.
The Company recorded $3.1 million and $4.8 million of interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 and 2001, respectively, related to its credit facilities with Mr. Jaharis and his transferees.
In January 2002, the Securities and Exchange Commission declared effective a shelf registration statement filed by the Company for the sale, from time to time, of up to $200 million of its Common Stock, Preferred Stock, stock options, warrants and other rights to purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock. Proceeds from any offerings are expected to be used to fund expanded selling efforts for the Companys Niaspan and Advicor products, and for research and development and general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2002, the Company had not issued any securities under this registration statement.
Although the Company currently anticipates that, including the capital available to the Company under the Credit Facility, the Supplemental Credit Facility, the Standby Facility and the Additional Standby Facility being negotiated between the Company and Mr. Jaharis, it has or has access to an amount of working capital that will be sufficient to fund the Companys operations for the next twelve months, the Companys cash requirements during this period will be substantial and may exceed the amount of working capital available to the Company. The Companys ability to fund its operating requirements and maintain an adequate level of working capital will depend primarily on its ability to continue to generate substantial growth in sales of its Niaspan and Advicor products, its ability to successfully finalize the terms of the Additional Standby Facility, and on its ability to control operating expenses. The Companys failure to generate substantial growth in the sales of Niaspan and Advicor, control operating expenses, or meet the conditions necessary for the Company to obtain funding under the Credit Facility, the Supplemental Credit Facility, the Standby Facility and the Additional Standby Facility, and other events including the progress of the Companys research and development programs; the costs and timing of seeking regulatory approvals of the Companys products under development; the Companys ability to obtain regulatory approvals in the United States and abroad; the Companys ability to manufacture products at an economically feasible cost; costs in filing, prosecuting, defending, and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights; the extent and terms of any collaborative research, manufacturing, marketing, joint venture, or other arrangements; and changes in economic, regulatory, or competitive conditions or the Companys planned business could cause the Company to require additional capital. In the event that the Company must raise additional capital to fund its working capital needs, it may seek to raise such capital through loans or the issuance of debt securities that would require the consent of the Companys current lender, or through the issuance of equity securities. To the extent the Company raises additional capital by issuing equity securities or obtaining borrowings convertible into equity, ownership dilution to existing shareholders will result, and future investors may be granted rights superior to those of existing shareholders. Moreover, additional capital may not be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all.
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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION: CERTAIN CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this report that are not related to historical results are forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those projected or implied in the forward-looking statements. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions of future events, which may not prove to be accurate. Subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or to persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth below and elsewhere in this report and in other reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Market Acceptance and Sales Growth of Niaspan and Advicor
The Companys success depends primarily upon its ability to successfully market and sell increasing quantities of the Niaspan and Advicor products. The Companys ability to successfully sell increasing quantities of the Niaspan and Advicor products will depend significantly on the continued acceptance of the Niaspan product by physicians and their patients despite the introduction of Advicor. As a consequence of the on-going commercialization of the Advicor product, which is a combination product including Niaspan and a statin, prescription levels for Niaspan may be adversely affected to the extent a significant number of physicians prescribe Advicor as a substitute product for their patients who are currently taking Niaspan. Such substitution could have an adverse effect on the growth of the combined revenue generated from the sale of the Companys products. The Company believes that intolerable flushing and potential liver toxicity associated with other currently available formulations of niacin are the principal reasons why physicians generally have been reluctant to prescribe or recommend such formulations. Flushing episodes are often characterized by facial redness, tingling or rash, and are a side effect that often occurs when humans ingest niacin. Currently available formulations of niacin generally either require, in the case of immediate-release niacin, the patient to take niacin several times per day, resulting in multiple flushing episodes, or result, in the case of sustained-release niacin, in liver toxicity. Although most patients taking the Niaspan and Advicor products will sometimes flush, the formulation and dosing regimen for Niaspan and Advicor have been designed to maximize patient acceptance and minimize the occurrence of flushing and liver toxicity. If, however, a significant number of patients using the Niaspan and Advicor products were to suffer episodes of flushing that they consider intolerable or to suffer other side effects, physicians may discontinue prescribing the Niaspan and Advicor products or patients may stop taking Niaspan and Advicor, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company. Unanticipated side effects or unfavorable publicity concerning the Niaspan or Advicor products or any other product incorporating technology similar to that used in the Niaspan or Advicor products also could have an adverse effect on the Companys ability to obtain regulatory approvals or to achieve acceptance by prescribing physicians, managed care providers, or patients, any of which would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
21
On January 28, 2002, the Company began commercializing the Advicor product. The Companys ability to successfully sell increasing quantities of the Advicor product will depend significantly on the increasing acceptance of the Advicor product by physicians and their patients. If a significant number of patients using the Advicor product were to suffer episodes of flushing that they consider intolerable or to suffer more serious side effects, such as rhabdomyolysis or myopathy, physicians may discontinue prescribing the Advicor product or patients may stop taking Advicor, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare disease in which serious muscle damage results in release of muscle cell contents into the bloodstream, which may be fatal. Myopathy is a disorder of muscle tissue or muscles that can result from endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders, infection or inflammation of the muscles, and from certain drugs. The Company is not aware of any reported cases of rhabdomyolysis or myopathy that were determined to be caused by patients taking Advicor although there have been several cases where Niaspan (one of the principal ingredients in Advicor) or Advicor have been identified as possible causes of myopathy. Unanticipated side effects or unfavorable publicity concerning the Advicor product or any other product incorporating technology similar to that used in the Advicor product also could have an adverse effect on the Companys ability to maintain regulatory approvals or to achieve acceptance by prescribing physicians, managed care providers, or patients, any of which would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
In addition, Advicor may prove to be difficult to successfully sell because the cholesterol market is dominated by competitors with significantly larger sales forces and with significantly greater marketing resources than those available to the Company. Further, Advicor is a combination of two well-known cholesterol drugs, niacin and lovastatin, that have been available for a significant period of time. Although the combination of these drugs is highly effective in improving all of the major components of cholesterol, it is possible that physicians may not prescribe Advicor because it is not as new as more recently introduced compounds, such as the potent statin products marketed by the Companys competitors. Also, because Advicor is a combination of two currently available drugs, Advicor has been approved by the FDA for the improvement of cholesterol disorders in patients who were not able to achieve desired cholesterol improvements by taking either Niaspan or lovastatin alone. Consequently, although such an approved treatment indication is standard for combination drugs such as Advicor, it is possible that physicians will not prescribe Advicor until they have first prescribed either Niaspan, lovastatin, or another statin alone and subsequently determined that their patients need Advicor to achieve desired cholesterol improvements. Similarly the Companys ability to successfully sell increasing quantities of the Advicor product may be adversely affected by the release of Crestor, a new, highly powerful statin product, and by the release of Zetia, part of a new class of cholesterol-lowering agents. Crestor will be marketed by AstraZeneca, while Zetia will be marketed by Merck/Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals, which is a joint venture between Merck & Co., Inc. and Schering-Plough Corporation. Astra Zeneca and Merck/Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals are both Company competitors with substantially greater resources than Kos. Crestor is a type of statin drug that is highly effective in reducing LDL cholesterol, but is less effective in modifying HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and other forms of cholesterol. Zetia is part of a new class of cholesterol-lowering agents that inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. The Companys future sales of Advicor may also be
22
affected by the potential release of several other new combination statin drugs in the future. Further, there are eight versions of generic lovastatin, one of the components of Advicor, that have been launched into the cholesterol market, which could adversely affect demand for Advicor. Consequently, the Companys effort to sell increasing quantities of the Advicor product may be unsuccessful.
Patents and Trademarks
The Companys ability to commercialize any of its products under development will depend, in part, on the Companys or on its licensors ability to obtain patents, enforce those patents, preserve trade secrets, and operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties. In addition, the patents that the Company has been issued or for which Kos has applied relating to Niaspan, Advicor and certain of the Companys products under development are based on, among other things, the extended-release nature of the niacin active ingredient. If the indications treated by Niaspan, Advicor and such other products under development could be treated using drugs without such extended-release properties, such patents and patent applications may not prevent the use of other niacin-based drugs for the treatment of such indications, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company. Further, the Company would be adversely affected if:
| The patent applications licensed to or owned by Kos do not result in issued patents; | ||
| Meaningful patent protection is not secured for any particular technology; or | ||
| Any patents that have been or may be issued to Kos or the Companys licensors, including the patents covering the Companys Niaspan product, are invalid or unenforceable. |
In general, the U.S. patents and patent applications owned by or licensed to Kos relate to certain extended-release niacin compositions and their methods of use. Protection of the chemical entity is not available for the active ingredient in Niaspan, or either of the active ingredients in Advicor. Moreover, the active ingredient in Niaspan, niacin, is currently sold in the United States and other markets for lipid altering and for other uses. The additional active ingredient in Advicor, lovastatin, is also currently sold in the United States and other markets for lipid altering. Even in jurisdictions where the use of the active ingredients in Niaspan and Advicor for lipid altering and other indications may be covered by the claims of method-of-use and composition patents owned by or licensed to Kos, off-label sales might occur that would be difficult to prevent through enforcement of Kos patents, especially if another company markets the active ingredient at a price that is less than the price of Niaspan or Advicor, thereby potentially reducing the sales of such products.
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the PTO) has issued U.S. Patent numbers 6,129,930 and 6,080,428 to the Company with claims related to Niaspans composition and method-of-use. In addition, on June 18, 2002, the PTO issued U.S. Patent number 6,406,715 related to certain unique pharmacokinetic features of Kos inventive extended-release niacin compositions, including Niaspan and Advicor. On February 7, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement with a generic manufacturer pursuant to which the Company and the manufacturer granted cross-licenses to each other under their respective patents. The Company has purchased the patents that were the subject of the cross-license agreement and agreed to continue paying a royalty to the manufacturer on terms similar to those contained in the cross-license agreement.
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The Company has received patents and has filed patent applications covering technologies pertaining to propellant-driven aerosol formulations that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons. The Company is aware that certain European and U.S. patents have been issued with claims covering products that contain certain propellant-driven aerosol formulations that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons. It may be argued that certain or all of the Companys aerosol products under development may use a formulation covered by such European or U.S. patents. If that is shown to be the case, the Company would be prevented from making, using or selling such products unless Kos obtains a license under such patents, which license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or unless such patents are determined to be invalid in Europe or invalid or unenforceable in the United States. The Companys development of products that may be covered by such patents and its failure to obtain licenses under such patents in the event such patents are determined to be valid and enforceable could have an adverse effect on the Companys business.
On January 23, 2002, the Company received notice from Barr Laboratories, Inc. (Barr) that it had filed with the FDA an ANDA that would, if approved, allow Barr to market a generic version of the Companys 1000 mg Niaspan product. Under the patent laws of the United States, the filing of an ANDA for a pharmaceutical composition or method of use that is currently protected by a patent, such as Niaspan, constitutes an act of infringement. As a result, on March 4, 2002, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Barr in the Southern District of New York (SDNY). On March 11, 2002, the Company filed an amended complaint (the Amended Complaint). In this lawsuit, the Company asserts that Barr has infringed the 428 and 930 patents. Under the FDA statute, the filing of a patent infringement suit by the Company suspends the ANDA approval process for 30 months or until the infringement suit is resolved. On March 25, 2002, Barr answered the Amended Complaint by denying that the 428 and 930 patents are valid and infringed, and seeking a declaratory judgment to that effect.
On July 9, 2002, the Company received notice from Barr that it had filed an ANDA with the FDA that would, if approved, allow Barr to market generic versions of the Companys 500 mg and 750 mg Niaspan products. On August 13, 2002, the Company filed a second patent infringement lawsuit against Barr also in the SDNY. Again, the Company asserted that Barr has infringed the 428 and 930 patents. On September 3, 2002, Barr answered the complaint by denying infringement and alleging that the patents are invalid and unenforceable. The two cases were consolidated on September 23, 2002.
On September 30, 2002, the Company received notice from Barr that it had filed a Supplemental Paragraph IV Certification relating to Kos 715 patent. The Company filed a third lawsuit on November 12, 2002, against Barr in the SDNY asserting infringement of this patent.
Because the patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions, the patents owned and licensed by Kos, or any future patents, may not prevent other companies from developing competing products or ensure that others will not be issued patents that may prevent the sale of the Companys products or require licensing and the payment of significant fees or royalties. Furthermore, to the extent that (1) any of the Companys future products or methods are not patentable, (2) such products or methods infringe upon the patents of third parties, or (3) the Companys patents or future patents fail to give Kos an exclusive position in the subject matter to which those patents relate, the Company will be adversely affected. The Company may be unable to avoid infringement of third party patents and may have to obtain a license, or defend an infringement action and challenge the validity of the patents in court. A license may be unavailable on terms and conditions acceptable to the Company, if at all. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming, and the Company may be unable to prevail in any such patent litigation or devote sufficient resources to even pursue such litigation. If the Company does not obtain a license under such patents, or if it is found liable for infringement and if it is not able to have such patents declared invalid, the Company may be liable for significant money damages, may encounter significant delays in bringing products to market, or may be precluded from participating in the manufacture, use, or sale of products or methods of treatment requiring such licenses.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The Company owns no derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments. The Company does not derive a significant amount of revenues from international operations and does not believe that it is exposed to material risks related to foreign currency exchange rates.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Within 90 days prior to the date of this report, the Company evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(c)), under the supervision and with the participation of the Companys management, including the Companys Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that there was no reasonably apparent deficiency in the Companys disclosure controls and procedures such that the controls and procedures should not be expected to operate effectively. The Company is not aware of any significant changes in the Companys internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect those controls subsequent to the date of the most recent evaluation of such controls by the Company.
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PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 Legal Proceedings
On August 5, 1998, a purported class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, against the Company, the members of the Companys Board of Directors, certain officers of Kos, and the underwriters of the Companys October 1997 offering of shares of Common Stock. In its complaint, the plaintiff asserts, on behalf of itself and a putative class of purchasers of the Companys Common Stock during the period from July 29, 1997, through November 13, 1997, claims under: (i) sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933; (ii) sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder; and (iii) for common law fraud, negligent misrepresentation and breach of fiduciary duty. The claims in the lawsuit relate principally to certain statements made by the Company, or certain of its representatives, concerning the efficacy, safety, sales volume and commercial viability of the Niaspan product. The complaint sought unspecified damages and costs, including attorneys fees and costs and expenses. Upon Kos motion, the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint against the Company and the individual Kos defendants on January 7, 1999. On May 24, 1999, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida dismissed the lawsuit with prejudice. The plaintiffs filed an appeal on June 7, 1999, with the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit. On July 16, 2002, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Courts dismissal of the plaintiffs claims with prejudice.
On January 23, 2002, the Company received notice from Barr Laboratories, Inc. (Barr) that it had filed with the FDA an ANDA that would, if approved, allow Barr to market a generic version of the Companys 1000 mg Niaspan product. Under the patent laws of the United States, the filing of an ANDA for a pharmaceutical composition or method of use that is currently protected by a patent, such as Niaspan, constitutes an act of infringement. As a result, on March 4, 2002, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Barr in the Southern District of New York (SDNY). On March 11, 2002, the Company filed an amended complaint (the Amended Complaint). In this lawsuit, the Company asserts that Barr has infringed Kos 428 and 930 patents. Under the FDA statute, the filing of a patent infringement suit by the Company suspends the ANDA approval process for the earlier of 30 months or until the infringement suit is resolved. On March 25, 2002, Barr answered the Amended Complaint by denying that the 428 and 930 patents are valid and infringed, and seeking a declaratory judgment to that effect.
On July 9, 2002, the Company received notice from Barr that it had filed an ANDA with the FDA that would, if approved, allow Barr to market generic versions of the Companys 500 mg and 750 mg Niaspan products. On August 13, 2002, the Company filed a second patent infringement lawsuit against Barr also in the SDNY. Again, the Company asserted that Barr has infringed the 428 and 930 patents. On September 3, 2002, Barr answered the complaint by denying infringement and alleging that the patents are invalid and unenforceable. The two cases were consolidated September 23, 2002.
On September 30, 2002, the Company received notice from Barr that it had filed a Supplemental Paragraph IV Certification relating to Kos 715 patent. The Company filed a third lawsuit on November 12, 2002, against Barr in the SDNY asserting infringement of this patent.
From time to time, the Company is a party to other legal proceedings in the course of its business. The Company, however, does not expect such other legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on its business or financial condition.
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Item 6 Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) Exhibits:
3.1* | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company. | |
3.2* | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company. | |
4.1 | See Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 for provisions of the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company defining the rights of holders of Common Stock of the Company. | |
4.2** | Form of Common Stock certificate of the Company. | |
99.1 | Certification by Adrian Adams, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
99.2 | Certification by Christopher P. Kiritsy, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
(b) Reports on Form 8-K:
There were no reports filed on Form 8-K during the quarter ended September 30, 2002. |
* | Filed with the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-17991), as amended, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 17, 1996, and incorporated herein by reference. | |
** | Filed with the Companys Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 1997, and incorporated herein by reference. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
KOS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC |
Date: November 14, 2002 | By: | /s/ Adrian Adams | ||
Adrian Adams, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Date: November 14, 2002 | By: | /s/ Christopher P. Kiritsy | ||
Christopher P. Kiritsy, Senior
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
||||
Date: November 14, 2002 | By: | /s/ Juan F. Rodriguez | ||
Juan F.
Rodriguez, Vice President, Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) |
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CERTIFICATIONS
I, Adrian Adams, Chief Executive Officer of Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc., certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc; | |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which the statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report; | |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report; | |
4. | The registrants other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have: |
a. | designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared; | |
b. | evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing of this quarterly report (the Evaluation Date); and | |
c. | presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date; |
5. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): |
a. | all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrants auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and | |
b. | any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal controls; and |
6. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to the significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. |
Date: November 14, 2002
/s/ Adrian Adams
Adrian Adams
Chief Executive Officer
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I, Christopher P. Kiritsy, Chief Financial Officer of Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc., certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc; | |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which the statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this quarterly report; | |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this quarterly report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this quarterly report; | |
4. | The registrants other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and we have: |
a. | designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this quarterly report is being prepared; | |
b. | evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing of this quarterly report (the Evaluation Date); and | |
c. | presented in this quarterly report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date; |
5. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function): |
a. | all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data and have identified for the registrants auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and | |
b. | any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal controls; and |
6. | The registrants other certifying officers and I have indicated in this quarterly report whether or not there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to the significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. |
Date: November 14, 2002
/s/ Christopher P. Kiritsy
Christopher P. Kiritsy
Chief Financial Officer
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