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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
     
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
 
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the transition period from           to
Commission File Number 000-50327
 
iPass Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Delaware
  93-1214598
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3800 Bridge Parkway
Redwood Shores, California 94065
(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)
(650) 232-4100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     o
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)     Yes þ          No o
      Aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of a share of the registrant’s common stock on June 30, 2004 as reported by the Nasdaq National Market on that date: $466,202,024. The determination of affiliate status for the purposes of this calculation is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. The calculation excludes approximately 18,186,994 shares held by directors, officers and stockholders whose ownership exceeded five percent of the registrant’s outstanding Common Stock as of June 30, 2004. Exclusion of these shares should not be construed to indicate that such person controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the registrant.
      The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, as of February 28, 2005 was 62,907,510.
 
 


iPASS INC.
FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
             
        Page
         
 PART I.
   Business     3  
   Properties     12  
   Legal Proceedings     12  
   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     13  
 
 PART II.
   Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities     13  
   Selected Financial Data     14  
   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     14  
   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk     30  
   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data     31  
   Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure     31  
   Controls and Procedures     31  
   Other Information     32  
 
 PART III.
   Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant     32  
   Executive Compensation     33  
   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters     33  
   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions     33  
   Principal Accountant Fees and Services     33  
 
 PART IV.
   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules     33  
 SIGNATURES     59  
 EXHIBIT INDEX     61  
 EXHIBIT 2.1
 EXHIBIT 21.1
 EXHIBIT 23.1
 EXHIBIT 31.1
 EXHIBIT 31.2
 EXHIBIT 32.1
 EXHIBIT 32.2

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Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
      This annual report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements which refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our business, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Readers are directed to risks and uncertainties identified below, under “Factors Affecting Operating Results” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere herein, for factors that may cause actual results to be different than those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.

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PART I
Item 1. Business
Overview
      We are a global provider of software-enabled enterprise connectivity services for mobile workers. Our flagship service offering, iPass Corporate Access, is designed to enable enterprises to provide their employees with secure access from over 150 countries to the enterprise’s internal networks through an easy-to-use interface. In addition, we provide policy management services that extend our secure offering to enable better protection of user identities, the integrity of an enterprises’ remote and mobile computer systems, or endpoints, as well as an enterprises’ network. These services can be used in conjunction with iPass Corporate Access or over non-iPass network connections.
      As opposed to telecommunications companies that own and operate physical networks, we provide our services through a virtual network. Our virtual network is enabled by our software-based architecture and our relationships with over 300 telecommunications carriers, Internet service providers and other network service providers around the globe. Our architecture allows our customers to both gain better control over remote and mobile connectivity by configuring and enforcing policies around network access usage and security, as well as receive centralized and detailed billing, reporting and management tools.
      We derive revenues from usage of our networks and from fees. Our usage revenues are generated by providing enterprise connectivity services to customers using narrowband access technologies, such as modem dial-up, and from broadband access technologies, including Ethernet and Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi). Revenues pertaining to usage represented 92% of our total revenues in 2004. Additionally, we receive revenue from fees and other services, including session and endpoint reporting and policy management services. In 2004 we generated approximately 8% of our revenues from fees and other services. We market and sell our services directly, as well as indirectly through channel partners, which consist of network service providers, systems integrators and value-added resellers. We were incorporated in California in July 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in June 2000.
Our Strategy
      Our objective is to use our software-enabled virtual network to become the leading provider of secure enterprise connectivity services worldwide. The key elements of our strategy to achieve this objective include:
      Expand our Customer Base. We seek to increase the number of enterprises that use our services by leveraging our direct sales professionals and channel partners who focus on generating new accounts. We also seek to expand our indirect sales capabilities by building additional relationships with channel partners, such as systems integrators, and providers of security products (i.e. VPN, personal firewalls, intrusion detection) and broadband access service equipment. We also intend to build and maintain iPass brand awareness through the promotion of our brand through marketing campaigns, our web presence, and our large installed base of branded client software, and by increasing our market credibility through integrating our back-end software and co-branding our client software with the offerings of our channel partners.
      Increase Penetration within our Existing Customer Base. We seek to accelerate the adoption of our services by increasing the number of mobile workers who connect to our virtual network, increasing usage by existing customers of both dial and broadband, as well as promoting our new policy management services into our existing customer base. Our sales force assists our customers with the adoption and integration of our services with their organizations, assesses their needs and usage and provides support. In addition, we do not have exclusive arrangements with any particular vendor of connectivity, VPN or security services, so our account representatives can work with our enterprise customers to provide the technical solution that best meets their needs.
      Expand our Wired and Wireless Broadband Service Offerings. We believe that the ease of use, security functionality and our ability to aggregate and integrate providers into our virtual network together with the other benefits of our services can address many of the challenges presented by the emerging broadband

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markets, such as security concerns, the lack of unified roaming standards and complexity driven by the high degree of fragmentation of the wireless broadband market. As such, we seek to expand the scope and coverage of our virtual network to venues focused on business travelers, such as airports, hotels and convention centers, and more recently, cafes and restaurants. We intend to continue increasing the number of these venues by establishing relationships with network service providers that provide access to these hotspots. We also seek to continue developing authentication, settlement and clearinghouse capabilities, client software and other services for Wi-Fi service providers to expand their broadband capabilities through our virtual network.
      Continue to Enhance our Virtual Network. We intend to continue to establish new relationships with network service providers to increase the coverage and redundancy of our virtual network. We intend to enhance the functionality and features of our software and to address changing customer requirements and technologies through internal development, strategic partnerships and/or acquisitions. We also seek to expand our service offerings by supporting and integrating new access methods, devices, applications and operating systems, and by building additional relationships with systems integrators and technology providers. We also intend to explore additional managed services that enhance our competitive advantage and provide us with new growth opportunities.
      Leverage and Extend our Policy Management Capabilities. We intend to continue to improve the policy management and enforcement capabilities of our services through both extension of our platform to new functions that serve to protect identities, endpoints, the network, and user data as well as integration with technology partners in the enterprise security industry.
Our Core Capabilities
      Our services are designed to enable enterprises to provide their employees with secure access from over 150 countries to the enterprise’s internal networks through an easy-to-use interface. We provide our services through a virtual network that is enabled by our software, our scalable network architecture, and our relationships with over 300 network service providers around the globe.
      Our core capabilities include:
      Global Virtual Network. Our virtual network aggregates over 35,000 access points in over 150 countries. As of December 31, 2004, over 19,000 of these access points were dial-up connections and approximately 17,000 were broadband connections, including approximately 15,000 Wi-Fi hotspots and approximately 2,000 wired hotspots. As a result, enterprises that use our services can provide their mobile workers with access from these countries, in most instances with a local telephone or broadband connection.
      Redundant and Scalable Virtual Network. Our relationships with over 300 network service providers enable us to provide connectivity through multiple networks in approximately 120 out of the over 150 countries on our virtual network. As a result, our virtual network reduces the risk of service interruptions associated with depending on only one service provider. Furthermore, our geographically distributed transaction centers, which operate as collection points for user transactional information, are organized to provide efficient, reliable processing through our built-in redundancy and fail-over capabilities.
      This architecture also makes our virtual network scalable, allowing us to handle many connections and users without a proportionate increase in capital expenditure.
      Secure Connectivity. Our software is designed to enable integration between an enterprise’s network connectivity infrastructure and a wide variety of enterprise security applications. Our services integrate a wide variety of security software and systems, including VPNs, personal firewall, anti-virus policy enforcement and authentication systems, enabling enterprises to rapidly deploy our services while leveraging their existing and future investments in security infrastructure.
      Unlike many network service providers, we securely route all credentials relating to our end users with 128-bit Secure Socket Layer, or SSL, ensuring the confidentiality of sensitive user information as it traverses the Internet.

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      Robust Policy Management Software. Our virtual network also offers policy management capabilities, which enable customers to allow or deny access to their network based on specific user and session characteristics. The characteristics may be based on the user’s location, the user’s identity and role within the organization, the type of network being used, and the compliance of the user’s computer with enterprise security policies.
      Centralized Billing and Reporting. We integrate multiple network service providers to create one global virtual network, eliminating the need for enterprises to negotiate agreements with multiple network service providers to provide network connectivity to their mobile workers. Our virtual network creates call-detail records for each network session, including user, date, time, duration of usage, and other parameters. We are also able to provide detailed transaction-level billing in a single invoice for all services provided to enterprises and network service providers and can tailor the invoice to provide the level of detail and the format that our customers desire. We also offer the ability for information technology managers to gain a comprehensive and near real-time view of their employees’ network connectivity usage patterns, enabling faster identification and resolution of user-related issues.
      Our technology enables us to monitor and manage our virtual network by producing near real-time updates of connection success rates, client configurations, authentication times and other information critical to diagnosing network health and troubleshooting user connection problems.
      Integration of New Technologies. We actively evaluate and integrate new access methods, devices, applications and operating systems into our service offering. For example, we support wired broadband, wireless broadband based on the current and emerging Wi-Fi standards, as well as 3G mobile data services. End users can access our virtual network using desktop and laptop computers, wireless PDAs and other Internet protocol-enabled electronic devices. Our network integrates with our enterprise customers’ existing VPN and security applications, and our software supports a wide range of computer operating systems, including various Windows, Mac OS, Pocket PC and Palm OS versions. As new access methods, devices, applications and operating systems emerge, we intend to integrate these new technologies into our service offerings.
Services
iPass Corporate Access
      iPass Corporate Access is our primary service, offering our customers the ability to provide global dial-up, wired broadband, and wireless access to their mobile workers through our universal client, iPassConnecttm and for the IT department to have a single point of management and billing. We generally bill customers on a usage basis, based on negotiated rates. The process by which a mobile worker accesses the enterprise’s

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network through iPass Corporate Access is illustrated in the following diagram and described through the following steps:
(iPASS CORPORATE ACCESS)
        1. The iPassConnect universal client software installed on a mobile worker’s laptop computer or other electronic device enables the mobile worker to connect to our virtual network. The mobile worker indicates the city in which he or she is located, and then selects a local network access point (dial-up, ISDN, wired high-speed internet, Wi-Fi wireless broadband, GSM, or 3G) or has the client software select one automatically. The client software automatically detects and displays any available Wi-Fi hotspots or mobile data services. It can also be used to connect via the user’s home broadband connection. A feature called SecureConnect allows the enterprise to set policies that detect whether the user’s personal firewall or anti-virus software is active, auto-launch this software if it is not, and disallow the connection attempt if the proper software cannot be launched.
 
        2. The iPass NetServer software, installed in a network service provider’s network, provides the interface between the network service provider and the iPass network. The NetServer recognizes that the end user belongs to the iPass network and securely transmits the username and password to the nearest iPass transaction center using 128-bit SSL.
 
        3. The transaction center to which the authentication request is routed looks up the enterprise to which the user belongs and securely transmits the user name and password to the iPass RoamServer software residing on the enterprise’s servers. Our ten transaction centers are located in California, New York, Georgia, Hong Kong, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, The Netherlands, Japan and Brazil.
 
        4. The RoamServer receives the request from the transaction center, converts it to the local authentication protocol used at the enterprise, and passes it to the enterprise authentication database. Enterprises can manage their own user lists and authentication databases and control users’ access to their internal network through the authentication system of their choice.
 
        5. The enterprise authentication database then grants or denies authorization. The RoamServer securely sends a yes/no response back to the network service provider via a transaction center.
 
        6. Once we authorize the network service provider to allow access to the Internet, the iPassConnect universal client software can invoke the Endpoint Policy Management services to assess and remediate the mobile device before the end user can continue with accessing the Internet or attaching to the

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  corporate LAN. Once remediation is complete, iPassConnect can automatically launch the user’s VPN to securely connect to the enterprise network.
 
        7. When the mobile worker terminates the Internet session, the VPN connection is also terminated and a record of the transaction is forwarded to the iPass clearinghouse. The enterprise receives one or more detailed monthly invoices, as requested. Using the Auto-Teardown feature, the enterprise can also set policies to disconnect the internet usage session if the VPN, personal firewall, or anti-virus software is terminated during the session.

Additional Services
      In addition to iPass Corporate Access, we currently offer the following services:
      iOQ. We have developed our iOQ service to allow our customers’ in-house or outsourced help desk personnel to quickly identify issues and troubleshoot connection problems. With our iOQ service, enterprises can generate records and reports regarding access locations, client configuration, error codes, connection speeds, time to authenticate and other critical information. We generally charge a monthly fee for our iOQ service. We periodically update the iOQ software in order to provide improved reporting for our internal support organization and our customers. These upgrades are downloaded to the user’s computer or other electronic device when the user logs in, at no additional cost to the customer.
      ExpressConnect. Our ExpressConnect service is designed to enable enterprises to realize the benefits of our enterprise connectivity services while avoiding the cost of installing and managing additional authentication infrastructure. We manage an enterprise’s authentication server at an off-site secure data center, but the enterprise’s information technology manager retains full control. We generally charge a monthly fee for our ExpressConnect service.
      Wireless LAN Roaming. Our Wireless LAN Roaming service is an add-on option to the iPass Corporate Access service, which allows enterprise IT departments to offer a single user experience for all remote and local wireless connections while extending centralized management of security policies to potentially vulnerable corporate owned wireless networks. We generally charge a monthly fee for our Wireless LAN Roaming service.
      Device ID. The DeviceID service strengthens network security through device authentication. The service creates a digital fingerprint for every device by gathering unique identifying numbers from select hardware components and uses this information when interrogating the device to provide access to the corporate LAN via a VPN. DeviceID helps protect against replay attacks, reverse engineering and spoofing by checking different hardware attributes during each authentication request. This service is designed to ensure that only corporate-issued or authorized machines access the network as well as validate device identity as an additional factor for VPN authentication.
      Endpoint Policy Management — Online. This iPass-hosted service links automated security assessment, remediation and patch management capabilities into the iPass Corporate Access service. When users attempt to use the iPassConnect universal client to connect to the internet and the corporate VPN, the Endpoint Policy Management — Online service will check to see that the user’s computer is running the proper versions of Microsoft Windows OS patches and anti-virus definition file updates for endpoint devices — before allowing Internet access and launching the VPN. This helps mitigate the effects of viruses and worms.
      Mobile Lifecycle Management Suite. This service helps enterprise customers to discover, secure, and manage their laptops, desktops and handheld devices from any location via a single management console. This service is driven by iPass server software and resides on the enterprise network. It is sold either on a per-seat fee-based model or through a perpetual license model with annually occurring maintenance fees.
      Mobile Lifecycle Management Suite includes the following features:
  •  allows IT to discover all mobile assets by gathering detailed hardware and software inventory on all mobile devices.

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  •  provides high-performance, policy-driven distribution of new software and updates to remote and mobile devices, automatically distributing software applications and system updates to all PCs and handheld devices via LAN, WAN and wireless networks.
 
  •  patch automation features that speed the process of deploying Microsoft Windows OS and application patches across large populations of remote and mobile devices. IT staffs receive patches directly from Microsoft and apply them with no intermediate handling during the process. This minimizes the risk of inadvertent or intentional tampering with a patch, avoiding potential problems.
 
  •  a Web-based view of user configurations and inventory information for rapid call resolution, all integrated with a customer’s existing Windows NT Domain, NDS or Active Directory security system.
Technology
Principal Components
      The technology incorporated in our service is designed to provide our customers with reliability, quality of service, network security, policy enforcement, consolidated billing and scalability. Our technology consists of the following four principal components, each of which was designed and developed internally: iPassConnect universal client; distributed authentication system; iPass Clearinghouse; and service quality management.
      iPassConnect Universal Client. The iPassConnect universal client software is installed on mobile workers’ laptop computers or other devices, and allows them to securely and reliably connect to the Internet using a variety of access methods including narrowband, integrated services digital network, or ISDN, wired and wireless broadband, GSM and 3G. The iPassConnect universal client is designed to be easy-to-use and to be a flexible and scalable network connectivity platform for enterprises. The key features of iPassConnect include:
  •  Intuitive User Interface. iPassConnect universal client was designed with over five years of experience and customer feedback, resulting in a user-friendly interface with many features.
 
  •  Automatic Updates. iPassConnect universal client also provides enterprises with the ability to schedule periodic software modifications or updates to their end users without handling each end user device separately. These upgrades are securely downloaded to the user’s computer or other electronic device when the user logs in, at no additional cost to the customer.
 
  •  Central Policy Control. iPassConnect universal client enables an enterprise to define a set of criteria, such as length of session or idle timeouts, once and apply those criteria to manage its remote access policies across its entire workforce.
 
  •  Dynamic Phonebook. iPassConnect universal client enables enterprises to adjust the order of narrowband access points that are displayed to the end user, based on service quality. Customers also have the flexibility of integrating in-house access numbers with iPass’ access points in cases where both networks are being utilized.
 
  •  Third Party Application Integration. iPassConnect universal client can be configured to automatically launch a variety of third party VPNs upon successful connection to the Internet.
 
  •  Support for multiple operating systems and languages. iPassConnect universal client supports a wide range of computer operating systems, including Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, Me, XP, CE, Mac OS 8.x, 9.x, 10.x, Pocket PC2000, Pocket PC2002 and Palm OS. Additionally, iPassConnect is localized in Brazilian Portuguese, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese and Spanish.
      Distributed Authentication System. Our distributed authentication system, which is comprised of iPass NetServer software, iPass RoamServer software and iPass transaction server software, is designed to enable the reliable, scalable and secure initiation and termination of a remote access session on our virtual network. NetServer is installed on the servers of our network service providers. RoamServer is installed on our

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enterprise customer’s internal networks, typically located on their premises. Our ten transaction centers, each of which is comprised of two or more transaction servers, are located in third party co-location facilities.
      The software components of NetServer, RoamServer and the transaction server operate on third party single-or multi-processor servers based on Unix, Linux, or Windows. We send our enterprise customers updates to NetServer, RoamServer and the transaction server electronically on an as needed basis to support new authentication and management needs.
      iPass NetServer software receives end user authentication requests for Internet connectivity and securely forwards the request to a transaction server across a 128-bit SSL connection. The iPass transaction server validates the request and securely forwards this request to a RoamServer located at the enterprise. The RoamServer receives the authentication request for Internet connectivity and forwards the request in a format compatible with the enterprise’s authentication database. Once the enterprise authentication database has allowed or denied the end user’s request for access, this reply is returned along the same route.
      We have recently developed and are presently deploying an additional security enhancement to our authentication system designed to further ensure the confidentiality of sensitive user credentials.
      iPass Clearinghouse. Our iPass Clearinghouse software, collects, filters, resolves, analyzes and summarizes the accounting details necessary to bill for the iPass Corporate Access and ExpressConnect services. Once an end user session is terminated, the Clearinghouse retrieves accounting records for each customer from each transaction server. Once received by the Clearinghouse, the records are filtered to eliminate duplicate records and reviewed for completeness and integrity of the data. The Clearinghouse then determines the identities of both the customer and the network service provider and generates two billing records to reflect the revenues and network access expenses based on the details contained in the original accounting record. The Clearinghouse then summarizes the records of each network service provider and generates and distributes customer call detail records and invoices. The Clearinghouse software is run internally on servers residing at a secure data center in Redwood City, California, with a fail-over and disaster recovery in a separate location.
      Service Quality Management. Our iPass service quality management, or SQM, software consists of several quality of service monitoring and management elements that we incorporated into our services. These tools and processes are comprised of the following:
  •  Client-Side SQM. Client-side SQM captures detailed status and usage information from connection attempts and uploads this information to a central iPass database when a successful connection is made. SQM records and reports access points from which connections are made, client configuration, error codes, connection speeds, time to authenticate and other information important in diagnosing network health. Our SQM software is deployed on networks worldwide to gather data on local access points and network conditions and allows us to monitor our virtual network from a customer’s point of view.
 
  •  SQM Reporting. Our SQM infrastructure enables our iOQ service and provides information such as detailed access point performance, individual and corporate connection success rates, and other connection data to our customers and to us. With this data, our customer support and development teams can monitor service quality and continue to improve the reliability and performance of our service offering. Through our iOQ service, our customers benefit from this SQM technology because it enables them to diagnose problems their users are experiencing.
 
  •  Phonebook. Based on input from the SQM infrastructure, the phonebook tool within the iPassConnect universal client places the highest quality access point at the top of the directory in order to enhance the experience for our customers’ end users.
Co-location Facilities
      Our ten transaction centers are located in third-party co-location facilities in California, New York, Georgia, Hong Kong, Australia, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Germany, Japan and Brazil. Three

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additional co-location facilities are utilized to host our primary Clearinghouse and Finance systems, and corporate web services, which are located in California. Three out of our ten transaction centers also run the standby and disaster recovery Clearinghouse environments, our ExpressConnect service and the phonebook distribution servers. We maintain standard contractual agreements with the third parties that host our co-location facilities which generally provide for a term of between one and three years. If our relationships with these providers terminate, we believe that we will be able to secure relationships with alternative providers without any significant disruption to our operations.
Customers
      We sell our service offering directly to enterprise customers and indirectly though our channel partners.
      International revenue accounted for approximately 41% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004 and 39% for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002. Revenues generated in the United Kingdom accounted for 11% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2004. No individual foreign country represented 10% or more of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002. International revenue is determined by the location of the customer’s headquarters.
      Substantially all of our long-lived assets are located in the United States.
Agreements with Network Service Providers
      We have relationships with over 300 telecommunications carriers, Internet service providers and other network service providers that enable us to offer our services in over 150 countries around the world. We pay network service providers for access to their network access points on a usage basis, in some cases, subject to minimum purchase commitments. Most of these contracts have a term of one year, after which either party can terminate the contract with six months notice. In 2004, two network service providers, MCI and Equant, accounted for approximately 17% and 7% of our network access expenses, respectively. The contracts we have entered into with these providers are non-exclusive and contain minimum commitments for the purchase of network access. The initial term of our contract with Equant expires in February 2006. The term of our contract with MCI expires in November 2005. The contract is automatically renewed for successive periods of one or 12 month periods unless terminated by either party. In countries in which we have contracted with multiple network service providers, if one network service provider is no longer available, we can obtain alternative network access without significant disruption to our business. We are also able to direct users to the network of particular service providers to fulfill minimum purchase commitments.
Sales and Marketing
      We sell our services directly through our sales force and indirectly through our channel partners. Our sales organization is organized into regional account teams, which include sales directors, sales managers, account executives, account managers, inside sales representatives and sales engineers. We maintain sales offices or personnel in a number of cities in the United States as well as Australia, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Germany, France, Singapore, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. As of December 31, 2004, our sales organization was comprised of 99 individuals in North America, 28 individuals in Asia Pacific, and 34 individuals in Europe. We intend to increase the size of our sales organization and establish additional sales offices as needed.
      Our channel partners include network service providers, systems integrators and value added resellers. A channel partner typically signs a one to two year agreement with us through which we appoint the partner as a nonexclusive reseller of our services. Channel partners are responsible for implementing and managing billing and promotional activities for their customers. Selling through channel partners allows us to offer our services without incurring the cost of maintaining a direct sales force in each target market. Our channel partners typically sell related networking products and bundle our services with their core offerings. Once an enterprise has signed a contract for our services through a channel partner, our post-sales team works with the channel partner to ensure successful implementation of our services. However, the enterprise remains the channel partner’s customer and has no direct relationship with us.

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      We focus our marketing efforts on creating awareness for our services and their applications, educating potential customers and generating new sales opportunities. We conduct a variety of marketing programs to educate our target market and enhance brand awareness, including advertising, press relations, telemarketing, direct marketing, seminars and trade shows.
Competition
      We compete primarily with large, facilities-based carriers and non-facilities-based software-enabled network operators. We compete based on geographic coverage, reliability, quality of service, ease of implementation, ease of use and cost. We believe that we compete favorably in terms of geographical coverage, reliability, quality of service, ease of implementation and ease of use.
      Facilities-based carriers against whom we compete, such as AT&T and MCI, generally have substantially greater resources, larger customer bases, longer operating histories, and greater name recognition than we have. Carriers may have the ability to offer a broad range of services and may be willing to reduce the price for remote access that is bundled with their other services. In some cases, potential customers are also suppliers to these carriers, and may be more inclined to purchase enterprise connectivity services from these carriers rather than from us. We believe that we compete favorably against facilities-based carriers when the potential customer is not a supplier to the carrier, and when the customer requires global access rather than access only within a limited geographic region.
      We also compete with other non-facilities-based software-enabled network operators, such as GoRemote Internet Communications and Fiberlink. In some cases, our service offerings may not be as attractively priced as those offered by our competitors, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage. Non-facilities-based network operators that provide managed services such as VPNs and firewalls, may also provide, as a package, additional services such as local exchange and long distance services, voicemail and DSL services. Although our channel partners may offer these services in conjunction with our service, we do not offer these additional services directly, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage when competing for potential customers. Also, we believe we compete favorably against these competitors in terms of the coverage, redundancy, security, quality and ease of use of our service offerings.
      For a discussion of the possible effects that competition could have on our business, see “Factors Affecting Operating Results — We face strong competition in our market, which could make it difficult for us to succeed.”
Research and Development
      We believe that to compete favorably we must continue to invest in research and development of our services. Our research and development efforts are focused on improving and enhancing our existing service offerings as well as developing new proprietary products and services. As of December 31, 2004, our research and development organization consisted of 78 employees. Our research and development expenses were $13.8 million, $9.9 million and $7.1 million in 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
Intellectual Property
      We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, trade secret laws and disclosure restrictions to protect our intellectual property rights. We also enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants and other third parties and control access to software, documentation and other proprietary information. iPass®, iOQ® and the iPass logo are our U.S. registered trademarks. iPassConnecttm, ExpressConnecttm, iPassNettm, RoamServertm, NetServertm, and iPass Corporate Accesstm are designations that we use. We have 18 U.S. patent applications pending relating to our service. On January 21, 2003, we were issued a U.S. patent for a method and a technology relating to our SQM technology. We also obtained two U.S. patents in 2004 through the acquisition of Safe3w and Mobile Automation. The duration of a patent is 20 years from the date of issuance. We have also applied for or registered company trademarks in over 50 other countries. If a claim is asserted that we have infringed the intellectual property of a third party, we may be required to seek licenses to that technology. In addition, we license third-party technologies that are

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incorporated into our services, including our license for encryption granted by RSA Security. The license agreement with RSA Security expires in February 2006 and automatically renews for additional three-year periods unless terminated by us or by RSA Security. Licenses from third party technologies, including our license with RSA Security, may not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all. Additionally, the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. Third parties may infringe or misappropriate our proprietary rights. Competitors may also independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to the technologies we employ in our services. If we fail to protect our proprietary rights adequately, our competitors could offer similar services, potentially significantly harming our competitive position and decreasing our revenues.
Employees
      As of December 31, 2004, we had 402 employees, consisting of 80 in network operations, 78 in research and development, 192 in sales and marketing and 52 in general and administrative. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
Trademarks
      iPass®, iOQ® and the iPass logo are our U.S. registered trademarks. iPassConnecttm, ExpressConnecttm, iPassNettm, RoamServertm, NetServertm, iPass Corporate Accesstm, DeviceIDtm, EPMtm, iSEELtm and iPass Alliancetm are designations that we use. We have also applied for or registered company trademarks in over 50 other countries.
Available Information
      Our Internet address is www.ipass.com. We make available free of charge through our Internet website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form  10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
      Further, a copy of this annual report is located at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding our filings at www.sec.gov.
Item 2. Properties
      We lease approximately 74,000 square feet of space in our headquarters in Redwood Shores, California under a lease that expires in 2010. We also lease sales and support offices in other parts of the Unites States and abroad. We believe that our principal facility in Redwood Shores will be adequate for our needs for at least the next several years, and we might expect that additional facilities will be available in other jurisdictions to the extent we add new offices.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
      On January 14, 2005, a lawsuit entitled Palumbo v. iPass, Inc., et al., Case No. C 05 228 MHP was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, purportedly on behalf of a class of investors who purchased the Company’s stock between April 22, 2004 and June 30, 2004. The complaint alleges claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. Several similar lawsuits were subsequently filed in the same court. The Company expects that all of the cases will be consolidated into a single action. This matter is at an early stage; no lead plaintiff has been selected, no response to the complaint has been filed, no discovery has taken place and no trial date has been set. The Company and the individual defendants intend to take all appropriate actions to defend the suit.

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      We may be subject to various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business from time to time.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
      No matters were submitted to a vote of our stockholders during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2004.
PART II
Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Price Range of Common Stock
      Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “IPAS” since our initial public offering on July 24, 2003.
      The following table sets forth the high and low sale price of our common stock, based on the last daily sale, in each of the quarters since our initial public offering:
                   
    Low Sale Price   High Sale Price
         
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2004:
               
 
First Quarter
  $ 10.70     $ 16.25  
 
Second Quarter
    9.86       13.37  
 
Third Quarter
    4.78       6.91  
 
Fourth Quarter
    5.75       7.77  
Fiscal year ended December 31, 2003:
               
 
Third Quarter
  $ 17.60     $ 28.22  
 
Fourth Quarter
    15.25       26.90  
      We had 62,907,510 shares of our common stock outstanding held by 216 stockholders of record as of February 28, 2005.
Dividend Policy
      We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock. Our board of directors currently intends to retain future earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business and does not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of the board.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
      We have not made any sales of unregistered securities following the date of our initial public offering.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
      The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” following this section and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.
                                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002   2001   2000
                     
    (In thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Data
                                       
Revenues
  $ 166,319     $ 136,078     $ 92,830     $ 53,164     $ 35,281  
Total operating expenses
    137,353       113,721       86,178       80,898       69,316  
Operating income (loss)
    28,966       22,357       6,652       (27,734 )     (34,035 )
Net income (loss)
    19,068       13,902       29,759 (1)     (27,801 )     (34,964 )
Net income (loss) per share:
                                       
 
Basic
    0.31       0.26       2.34       (2.43 )     (3.60 )
 
Diluted
    0.29       0.23       0.57       (2.43 )     (3.60 )
 
(1)  Of this amount, $24.3 million was due to a tax benefit, resulting from the reversal of deferred tax valuation allowances.
                                         
    As of December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002   2001   2000
                     
    (In thousands, except per share data)
Balance Sheet Data
                                       
Total assets
  $ 230,513     $ 190,117     $ 75,442     $ 37,421     $ 52,232  
Line of credit and loans payable
                10,375       8,932       2,726  
Total stockholders’ equity
    207,222       171,722       49,600       16,262       38,294  
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Company Overview
      We deliver simple, secure and manageable enterprise mobility services, maximizing the productivity of workers as they move between office, home and remote locations. Our policy management services close the gaps in protecting computers, network assets, user identities and data whenever users connect over the Internet. Our connectivity services utilize the iPass global virtual network, a unified network of hundreds of dial-up, wireless, and broadband providers in over 150 countries.
Overview of 2004
      In 2004, we increased revenues and end users over 2003, although not at the rate we had anticipated as growth from our traditional dial-up business slowed substantially to rates below those we had historically experienced. We continued to expand both our dial-up and broadband global footprints in 2004, which enabled our users to remotely access their corporate networks from more locations, with increased redundancy than in any previous year.
      Another goal in 2004 was to improve upon our existing service offerings as well as add new products and services in order to drive revenue growth and to expand our existing customer base. We accelerated our timetable for the development and improvement of new and existing products and services through increased spending on research and development. We also added to our product offering through the acquisitions of Safe3w and Mobile Automation in September and October, respectively. For additional information on the acquisitions, please see Note 7 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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      Going forward, we will continue to focus on delivering innovative services and solutions for our customers, increasing the number of end users of our services for both dial-up and broadband access, as well as focus on generating revenues from our endpoint policy management products and services. In 2005, we expect to see continued growth in our business. However, our success could be limited by several factors, including the timely release of new products, continued market acceptance of our products and the introduction of new products by existing or new competitors. For a further discussion of these and other risk factors, see the section below entitled “Factors Affecting Operating Results.”
Sources of Revenues
      We derive our revenues primarily from providing enterprise connectivity services through our virtual network. We sell these services directly, as well as indirectly through our channel partners. We bill substantially all customers on a time basis for usage based on negotiated rates. We bill the remaining customers based on a fixed charge per active user per month with additional charges for excess time. Substantially all enterprise customers commit to a one to three year contract term. Most of our contracts with enterprise customers contain minimum usage levels. Our usage-based revenues represented 92% and 93% of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
      Although we have incurred expenses to expand our broadband coverage and are seeking to generate additional revenues from our broadband wired and wireless coverage, we have generated less than 2% of our usage revenues from broadband coverage in 2004 and 2003. We cannot determine when, if ever, we will generate any substantial revenues from broadband.
      With the acquisition of Mobile Automation in October of 2004, we also began generating license and maintenance revenue through software licensing agreements.
      We bill customers for minimum commitments when actual usage is less than their monthly minimum commitment amount. We recognize the difference between the minimum commitment and actual usage as fee revenue once the cash for such fee has been collected. We also provide customers with deployment services and technical support throughout the term of the contract. We typically charge fees for these services on a one-time or annual basis, depending on the service provided and the nature of the relationship. In addition, we also offer customers additional services for which we generally bill on a monthly basis. Fees for these services, together with revenues generated from license and maintenance fees, represented approximately 8% and 7% of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
      Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, income taxes, and allowance for doubtful accounts. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis of making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
      We believe the following critical accounting policies and estimates are important in understanding our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Services and Fees
      The Company derives substantially all of its revenues from usage fees. The Company recognizes revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, service has been provided to the customer, the price to the customer is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable.

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      Revenues are recognized during the period the services are rendered to end users based on usage at negotiated rates. The Company typically requires its customers to commit to minimum usage levels. Minimum usage levels can be based on an annual term, monthly term or over the term of the arrangement. If actual usage in a given period is less than the minimum commitment, the Company recognizes the difference between the actual usage and the minimum commitment as revenue when cash is collected because the Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of the difference that will be collected. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of the difference to be collected because it has from time to time renegotiated minimum commitments in cases where customers have sought renegotiation of their contract for reasons such as a significant downturn in their business or where the Company has determined that it would be in its best interest to do so. Customers are not contractually entitled to use or otherwise receive benefit for unused service in subsequent periods.
      The Company typically provides its customers with deployment services, technical support and additional optional services. Depending on the service provided and the nature of the arrangement, the Company may charge a one-time, annual or monthly fee. Revenues relating to one-time fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the initial contract, generally one to three years. Revenues relating to annual fees are recognized on a straight-line basis. Revenues for monthly services are recognized during the month that these services are provided.
License and Maintenance
      License revenue consists principally of revenue earned under software license agreements. License revenue is generally recognized when a signed contract or other persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the software has been shipped or electronically delivered, the license fee is fixed or determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably probable. We enter into revenue arrangements in which a customer may purchase a combination of software, upgrades and maintenance and support (multiple-element arrangements). When vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for all elements, we allocate revenue to each element based on the relative fair value of each of the elements. VSOE of fair value is established by the price charged when that element is sold separately. When contracts contain multiple elements wherein vendor specific objective evidence exists for all undelivered elements, we account for the delivered elements in accordance with the “residual method” prescribed by AICPA Statement of Position (“SOP”) 98-9. Revenue from subscription license agreements, which include software, rights to future products and maintenance, is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription period. Revenue on shipments to resellers, which is generally subject to certain rights of return and price protection, is recognized when the products are sold by the resellers to the end-user customer.
      Maintenance revenue consists of fees for providing software updates on a when and if available basis and technical support for software products (post-contract support or “PCS”). Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement.
      Payments received in advance of services performed are deferred. Allowances for estimated future returns and discounts are provided for upon recognition of revenue.
      The Company generally performs credit reviews to evaluate the customers’ ability to pay. If the Company determines that collectibility is not probable, revenue is recognized as cash is collected.
Accounting for Income Taxes
      In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income. We establish a valuation allowance if we determine that it is more likely than not that some portion of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance are included in our consolidated statements of income as a provision for (benefit from) income taxes. We exercise significant judgment in determining our provisions for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our future taxable income for purposes of assessing our ability to utilize any future tax benefit from our deferred tax assets.

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      During the year ended December 31, 2002, we determined that it was more likely than not that we would realize all of our available net deferred tax assets in the carryforward period of up to 19 years. As a result, we determined that it was no longer necessary or appropriate to maintain a valuation allowance related to our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we recorded a $24.3 million tax benefit in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2002.
      Although we believe it is more likely than not that we will realize our net deferred tax assets, there is no guarantee this will be the case as our ability to use the net operating losses is contingent upon our ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the carryforward period. At each period end, we reassess our ability to realize our net operating losses. If we conclude it is more likely than not that we would not realize the benefit of our net operating losses, we may have to re-establish the valuation allowance and therefore record a significant charge to our results of operations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
      Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a detailed assessment of accounts receivable for specific, as well as anticipated, uncollectible accounts receivable. Our estimate for the allowance for doubtful accounts is based on credit profiles of our customers, current economic trends, contractual terms and conditions, and historical payment experience. We have an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2.1 million, $2.3 million and $1.5 million as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make their required payments. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, or if we underestimated the allowances required, additional allowances may be required, which would result in an increased general and administrative expense in the period such determination was made.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue
                                                         
    December 31,
     
        Change       Change    
                     
    2004   $   %   2003   $   %   2002
                             
    (In thousands, except percentages)
Total Revenue
  $ 166,319     $ 30,241       22.2 %   $ 136,078     $ 43,248       46.6 %   $ 92,830  
      The growth in total revenue in 2004 over 2003 was due to an increase in the usage of our services resulting from an increased number of end users of our services at new and existing customers. Distinct end users of our service increased to 518,000 in the month of December of 2004, compared to 447,000 for the same period in 2003. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 or 2002. Fees represented approximately 8%, 7% and 5% of our revenue in 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively.
      The growth in total revenue in 2003 over 2002 was due to an increase in the usage of our services resulting from an increased number of end users of our services at new and existing customers. Distinct end users of our service increased to 447,000 in the month of December of 2003 from 286,000 for the same period in 2002.
      International revenues, which are revenues generated from customers domiciled outside the United States, accounted for approximately 41% of total revenues in 2004 and 39% of total revenues in 2003 and 2002. Substantially all of our international revenues are generated in the EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) and Asia Pacific regions. Revenues in the EMEA region represented 24%, 21% and 17% of total revenues in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The increase in EMEA as a percent of revenues has been driven by the expansion of our sales force in the region. Revenues in the Asia Pacific region represented 13%, 14% and 15% of total revenues in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Revenues in the United Kingdom accounted for 11% of total revenues in 2004. No individual foreign country accounted for 10% or more of total revenues in 2003 or

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2002. To date, all of our revenues have been denominated in U.S. dollars, although in the future some portion of revenues may be denominated in foreign currencies.
Operating Expenses
Network Access
      Network access expenses consist of charges for access, principally by the minute, that we pay to our network service providers.
                                                         
    December 31,
     
        Change       Change    
                     
    2004   $   %   2003   $   %   2002
                             
    (In thousands, except percentages)
Network access expenses
  $ 37,339     $ 7,218       24.0 %   $ 30,121     $ 6,798       29.1 %   $ 23,323  
As a percent of revenue
    22.5 %           0.4 %     22.1 %           (3.0 )%     25.1 %
      The growth in network access expenses in 2004 over 2003 was due to increased usage of our virtual network. In 2004 we continued to purchase network access from additional service providers at a lower cost and to renegotiate a number of our network service provider contracts, resulting in lower network access costs for dial-up. This was offset in part by an increase in network access expenses for broadband usage, which are typically higher than dial-up. We expect network access expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as usage of our virtual network increases, but to remain relatively constant or increase slightly as a percentage of revenues.
      The growth in network access expenses in 2003 over 2002 was due to increased usage of our virtual network. The decrease as a percent of revenues from 2002 was due to reduced access rates, which resulted from our ability to purchase network access from additional service providers at a lower cost and to renegotiate a number of our network service provider contracts.
Network Operations
      Network operations expenses consist of compensation and benefits for our network engineering, customer support, network access quality and information technology personnel, outside consultants, transaction center fees, depreciation of our network equipment, and certain allocated overhead costs.
                                                         
    December 31,
     
        Change       Change    
                     
    2004   $   %   2003   $   %   2002
                             
    (In thousands, except percentages)
Network operations expenses
  $ 19,041     $ 4,735       33.1 %   $ 14,306     $ 3,847       36.8 %   $ 10,459  
As a percent of revenue
    11.4 %           0.9 %     10.5 %           (0.8 )%     11.3 %
      The increase in network operations expenses in 2004 over 2003 in absolute dollars was due primarily to $1.8 million in additional compensation and benefits expense due to an increase in personnel, $840,000 of additional transaction center fees, and $680,000 of additional depreciation expense on network operations equipment in support and expansion of our virtual network. There was also an additional $530,000 in license and maintenance fees as well as $250,000 in additional consulting fees. The remaining portion of the increase was due to individually insignificant items. Network operations expenses increased slightly as a percentage of revenue as we continued to increase both the capacity and redundancy of our virtual network. To the extent we expand our operations, we expect that our network operations expenses will increase in absolute dollars, and increase slightly as a percentage of revenues.
      The increase in network operations expenses in 2003 over 2002 in absolute dollars was due primarily to $1.5 million in additional compensation and benefits expense due to an increase in personnel, $665,000 of additional transaction center fees, and $540,000 of additional depreciation expense on network operations equipment in support of the expansion of our virtual network. The decrease as a percentage of revenues from

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2002 to 2003 was due primarily to our ability to scale our network operations infrastructure without a proportionate increase in network operations expenses.
Research and Development
      Research and development expenses consist of compensation and benefits for our research and development personnel, consulting, and certain allocated overhead costs.
                                                         
    December 31,
     
        Change       Change    
                     
    2004   $   %   2003   $   %   2002
                             
    (In thousands, except percentages)
Research and development expenses
  $ 13,804     $ 3,860       38.8 %   $ 9,944     $ 2,874       40.7 %   $ 7,070  
As a percent of revenue
    8.3 %           1.0 %     7.3 %           (0.3 )%     7.6 %
      The increase in research and development expenses in 2004 over 2003 was due primarily to an additional $2.3 million of compensation and benefits expenses related to an increase in headcount, and approximately $1.2 million in fees paid to consultants to further develop our service. The increase as a percentage of revenues was due to the acceleration of our development of new products as well as the increase in research and development personnel as a result of the two acquisitions that occurred in 2004. We expect that our research and development expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as we develop and enhance new and existing service offerings as well as integrate newly acquired products and technologies into our existing products. We also expect research and development expenses to increase slightly as a percentage of revenues as we continue to increase headcount and bring new and upgraded products and services to market.
      The increase in research and development expenses in 2003 over 2002 was due primarily to an additional $1.8 million of compensation and benefits expenses related to an increase in headcount, and approximately $540,000 in fees paid to consultants to further develop our service. The decrease as a percentage of revenues was due to revenues increasing at a faster pace than research and development expenses.
Sales and Marketing
      Sales and marketing expenses consist of compensation, benefits, advertising, promotion expenses, and certain allocated overhead costs.
                                                         
    December 31,
     
        Change       Change    
                     
    2004   $   %   2003   $   %   2002
                             
    (In thousands, except percentages)
Sales and marketing expenses
  $ 46,580     $ 5,531       13.5 %   $ 41,049     $ 8,118       24.7 %   $ 32,931  
As a percent of revenue
    28.0 %           (2.2 )%     30.2 %           (5.3 )%     35.5 %
      The increase in sales and marketing expenses in 2004 over 2003 in absolute dollars was due primarily to an additional $2.3 million in compensation and benefits expenses resulting from the expansion of the sales organization in the EMEA and Asia Pacific regions, as well as the additional sales personnel from the acquisition of Mobile Automation in the last quarter of 2004. The increase also included $1.2 million of additional advertising and public relations expenses, as well as a $410,000 increase in compensation and benefits expenses for additional marketing personnel. The remaining portion of the increase was due to individually insignificant items. We expect that sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars to the extent revenues increase and/or we expand our sales force and increase marketing activities, but will remain relatively constant as a percentage of revenues.
      The increase in sales and marketing expenses in 2003 over 2002 in absolute dollars was due primarily to an additional $3.7 million in compensation and benefits expenses resulting from the expansion of the sales organization and increased commissions expense as a result of sales growth in 2003 over 2002. The increase also included $1.3 million of additional advertising and public relations expenses, as well as a $930,000

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increase in compensation and benefits expenses for additional marketing personnel. The remaining portion of the increase was due to individually insignificant items.
General and Administrative
      General and administrative expenses consist of compensation and benefits of general and administrative personnel, legal and accounting expenses, bad debt expense, and certain allocated overhead costs.
                                                         
    December 31,
     
        Change       Change    
                     
    2004   $   %   2003   $   %   2002
                             
    (In thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative expenses
  $ 17,790     $ 3,558       25.0 %   $ 14,232     $ 4,602       47.8 %   $ 9,630  
As a percent of revenue
    10.7 %           0.2 %     10.5 %           0.1 %     10.4 %
      A significant part of the increase in general and administrative expenses in 2004 over 2003 was $1.7 million in compensation and benefits expenses for additional personnel and $1.0 million for directors and officers insurance premiums. There was also a $1.0 million increase in legal and accounting fees. These increases were offset in part by decreases in various individually insignificant accounts. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars to the extent that we expand our operations, but to remain relatively constant as a percentage of revenues.
      A significant part of the increase in general and administrative expenses in 2003 over 2002 was $1.2 million in compensation and benefits expenses for additional personnel. There was also an increase of $1.0 million for directors and officers insurance, as well as $930,000 for consulting, and an $800,000 increase in rent expense. General and administrative expenses increased in absolute dollars in 2003 over 2002 due to incurring additional costs associated with becoming a public company.
Amortization of Stock-Based Compensation
      We record stock-based compensation charges in the amount by which the option exercise price or the restricted stock purchase price is less than the deemed fair value of our common stock at the date of grant. We amortize this compensation expense on an accelerated basis over the vesting period of the applicable agreements, generally four years. Amortization of stock-based compensation expense relates to stock options granted to employees prior to our initial public offering in July of 2003.
                                                         
    December 31,
     
        Change       Change    
                     
    2004   $   %   2003   $   %   2002
                             
    (In thousands, except percentages)
Amortization of stock-based compensation expense
  $ 2,342     $ (1,727 )     (42.4 )%   $ 4,069     $ 1,304       47.2 %   $ 2,765  
As a percent of revenue
    1.4 %           (1.6 )%     3.0 %                 3.0 %
      We expect to incur amortization of stock-based compensation expense of at least $1.2 million in 2005 and $518,000 in 2006. The amount of amortization of stock-based compensation expense to be recognized in future periods could decrease if stock options for which accrued but unvested compensation expense has been recorded are forfeited.
Non-Operating Expenses
Other Income (Expense), Net
      Other income (expense) consists of the net total of interest income and interest expense for the period.
      Interest income includes interest income on cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investment balances. Interest income and other was $2.3 million, $1.1 million and $440,000 for the years ended December 31, 2004,

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2003 and 2002, respectively. The increase in interest income was due to an increase in the average cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investment balances for the period, resulting primarily from proceeds received from the initial public offering in July 2003.
      Interest expense consists of interest paid on our line of credit and loans, as well as amortization of a loan discount associated with the fair value of warrants issued in connection with our financing activities. Interest expense was $620,000 and $1.0 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively. There was no interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2004. The decrease in interest expense from 2002 to 2003 was the result of paying off our line of credit and all outstanding loans payable in July and August 2003.
Provision for (benefit from) Income Taxes
      The provision for income taxes was $12.2 million in 2004 compared to a provision of $9.0 million in 2003. The increase is due to an increase in taxable income in 2004 over 2003.
      We incurred net operating losses in 2001 and consequently paid insignificant amounts of federal, state and foreign income taxes. As of December 31, 2001, we had recorded a valuation allowance of $27.2 million, which was equal to the amount of our deferred tax assets. These assets relate to net operating loss carryforwards and other tax credit carryforwards and temporary differences between items recorded for financial reporting and tax return purposes. We established this valuation allowance because we determined that it was more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets would not be realized. We reversed the valuation allowance totaling $27.2 million during fiscal year 2002, of which $2.9 million was due to taxable earnings generated during 2002, and $24.3 million because we determined that it is more likely than not that we will generate enough taxable income to use our net operating losses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
      From our inception in July 1996 through our initial public offering of our common stock in July 2003, we funded our operations primarily through issuances of preferred stock, which provided us with aggregate net proceeds of approximately $86.5 million. In July 2003, we completed the sale of 8,050,000 shares of common stock in an initial public offering, including the underwriters’ exercise of an over-allotment option, and realized net proceeds of $102.7 million. We used $10.9 million of the net proceeds to pay off all outstanding balances on loans payable and line of credit.
      Net cash provided by operating activities was $37.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, compared to $23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 and $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2002. This increase is primarily due to the expansion of our business, as reflected in the increase in net income before taxes from 2002 to 2004.
      Net cash used in investing activities in 2004 was $59.6 million compared to $99.2 million and $3.5 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities in 2004 was from the purchases of $156.0 million in short-term investments, offset by the maturities of short-term investments in the amount of $131.1 million. Net cash used in investing activities also included $28.5 million for the acquisition of Safe3w and Mobile Automation as well as $6.2 million for the purchases of property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities in 2003 was from the purchases of property and equipment, with the exception of a net investment of $93.5 million in short-term investments as a result of the receipt of the proceeds from our initial public offering.
      Net cash provided by financing activities in 2004 was $10.9 million, compared to $93.2 million and $2.1 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively. Cash provided by financing activities in 2004 was the result of proceeds from the issuance of common stock for employee stock options plus the repayment of shareholder notes receivable. In comparison, cash provided by financing activities in 2003 was primarily due to net proceeds from our initial public offering, offset in part by the payment of all outstanding balances on our line of credit and loans payable. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2002 were primarily due to net proceeds from loans payable as well as proceeds from payments on stockholder notes receivable.

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      We anticipate that our operating expenses, as well as planned capital expenditures, will constitute a material use of our cash resources for the foreseeable future in order to execute our business plan. In addition, we may utilize cash resources to fund acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies or product lines. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments on hand will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for at least the next 18 months, including working capital requirements and planned capital expenditures.
      As of December 31, 2004, our principal source of liquidity was $152.3 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.
Commitments
      At December 31, 2004, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.
      We have signed contracts with some network service providers under which we have minimum purchase commitments that expire on various dates through February 2006. Other than in the approximately 29 countries in which our sole network provider is Equant, we have contracted with multiple network service providers to provide alternative access points in a given geographic area. In those geographic areas where we have access through multiple providers, we are able to direct users to the network of particular service providers. Consequently, we believe we have the ability to fulfill our minimum purchase commitments in these geographic areas. Future minimum purchase commitments under all agreements as of December 31, 2004 are as follows (in thousands):
           
Year ending December 31:
       
 
2005
  $ 3,042  
 
2006
    208  
       
    $ 3,250  
       
      We lease our facilities under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through February 2010. Future minimum lease payments under these operating leases as of December 31, 2004 are as follows (in thousands):
           
Year ending December 31:
       
 
2005
  $ 3,799  
 
2006
    3,927  
 
2007
    4,055  
 
2008
    4,183  
 
2009
    4,311  
 
2010
    1,453  
       
    $ 21,728  
       
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
                                           
    Payments Due By Period
     
        Less than       More than
Contractual Obligations   Total   1 Yr   1-3 Years   3-5 Years   5 Yrs
                     
Operating Lease Obligations
  $ 21,728     $ 3,799     $ 7,982     $ 8,494     $ 1,453  
Purchase Obligations
    3,250       3,042       208              
                               
 
Total Contractual Obligations
  $ 24,978     $ 6,841     $ 8,190     $ 8,494     $ 1,453  
                               

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FACTORS AFFECTING OPERATING RESULTS
      Set forth below and elsewhere in this report are risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report.
Risks Relating to Our Business
If we are unable to meet the challenges posed by broadband access, our ability to grow our business will be impaired.
      We have generated substantially all of our usage revenues to date from the sale of enterprise connectivity services using narrowband technologies such as modem dial-up. In some countries, including the United States, the use of narrowband as a primary means of enterprise connectivity has declined and is expected to continue to decline over time as broadband access technologies, such as cable modem, DSL, and Wi-Fi, become more broadly used. Although we have not generated substantial revenues from broadband access, a substantial portion of the growth of our business may depend upon our ability to expand the broadband elements of our virtual network. Such an expansion may not result in additional revenues to us. Key challenges in expanding the broadband elements of our virtual network include:
      The broadband access market is at an early stage of development. Although we derive revenues from wired and wireless broadband “hotspots”, such as particular airports, hotels and convention centers, the broadband access market, particularly for wireless access, is at an early stage of development and demand at levels we anticipate may not develop. In particular, the market for enterprise connectivity services through broadband is characterized by evolving industry standards and specifications and there is currently no uniform standard for wireless access. We have developed and made available Wi-Fi specifications that are directed at enabling Wi-Fi access points to become ready for use by enterprise customers. If this specification is not widely adopted, market acceptance of our wireless broadband services may be significantly reduced or delayed and our business could be harmed. Furthermore, although the use of wireless frequencies generally does not require a license in the United States and abroad, if Wi-Fi frequencies become subject to licensing requirements, or are otherwise restricted, this would substantially impair the growth of wireless access. Some large telecommunications providers and other stakeholders that pay large sums of money to license other portions of the wireless spectrum may seek to have the Wi-Fi spectrum become subject to licensing restrictions. If the broadband wireless access market does not develop, we will not be able to generate revenues from broadband wireless access.
      The broadband service provider market is highly fragmented. Due to the early stage of development of the broadband access market, there are currently many wired and wireless broadband service providers that provide coverage in only one or a small number of hotspots. We have entered into contractual relationships with numerous broadband service providers. These contracts generally have an initial term of two years or less. As this process is in the early stages, we must continue to develop relationships with many providers on terms commercially acceptable to us in order to provide adequate coverage for our customers’ mobile workers and to expand our broadband coverage. We may also be required to develop additional technologies in order to integrate new broadband services into our service offering. If we are unable to develop these relationships or technologies, our ability to grow our business could be impaired. In addition, if broadband service providers consolidate, our negotiating leverage with providers may decrease, resulting in increased rates for access, which could harm our operating results.
      We do not generate revenues from broadband home access. We do not generate revenues when mobile workers access their enterprise networks from the home using subscription-based broadband access because they do not connect through our virtual network. If subscription-based broadband access from the home increases and fewer home workers use narrowband access, our revenues may decline.
      If demand for broadband access does not materially increase, or if demand increases but we do not meet the challenges outlined above, our ability to grow our business may suffer.

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Our customers require a high degree of reliability in our services, and if we cannot meet their expectations, demand for our services will decline.
      Any failure to provide reliable network access, uninterrupted operation of our network and software infrastructure, or a satisfactory experience for our customers and their mobile workers, whether or not caused by our own failure, could reduce demand for our services. In 2002, we experienced three outages affecting our clearinghouse system, which handles invoicing to our customers and network service providers, resulting in five days of outages and eight days of work to confirm data integrity in response to the outages. Although these problems did not affect the ability of mobile workers to access our services or impact our revenues, one of these outages caused a delay in our invoicing of approximately one week. If additional outages occur, or if we experience other hardware or software problems, our business could be harmed.
We face strong competition in our market, which could make it difficult for us to succeed.
      We compete primarily with facilities-based carriers as well as with other non-facilities-based network operators. Some of our competitors have substantially greater resources, larger customer bases, longer operating histories or greater name recognition than we have. Also, with the recent introduction of our policy management services, we face additional competition from companies that provide security and policy-based services and software. In addition, we face the following challenges from our competitors:
      Many of our competitors can compete on price. Because many of our facilities-based competitors own and operate physical networks, there may be little incremental cost for them to provide additional telephone or Internet connections. As a result, they may offer dial-up remote access services at little additional cost, and may be willing to discount or subsidize remote access services to capture other sources of revenue. In contrast, we have traditionally purchased network access from facilities-based network service providers to enable our dial-up remote access service. As a result, large carriers may sell their remote access services at a lower price. In addition, new non-facilities-based carriers may enter our market and compete on price. In either case, we may lose business or be forced to lower our prices to compete, which could reduce our revenues.
      Many of our competitors offer additional services that we do not, which enables them to compete favorably against us. Some of our competitors provide services that we do not, such as local exchange and long distance services, voicemail and digital subscriber line, or DSL, services. Potential customers that desire these services on a bundled basis may choose to obtain remote access and policy management services from the competitor that provides these additional services.
      Our potential customers may have other business relationships with our competitors and consider those relationships when deciding between our services and those of our competitors. Many of our competitors are large facilities-based carriers that purchase substantial amounts of products and services, or provide other services or goods unrelated to remote access services. As a result, if a potential customer is also a supplier to one of our large competitors, or purchases unrelated services or goods from our competitor, the potential customer may be motivated to purchase its remote access services from our competitor in order to maintain or enhance its business relationship with that competitor.
If our security measures are breached and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s internal network, our virtual network may be perceived as not being secure and enterprises may curtail or stop using our services.
      It is imperative for our customers that access to their mission critical data is secure. A key component of our ability to attract and retain customers is the security measures that we have engineered into our network for the authentication of the end user’s credentials; on a going forward basis, we expect an additional key component in this regard to be our policy management services. These measures are designed to protect against unauthorized access to our customers’ networks. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures against unauthorized access or sabotage. If an actual or perceived breach of network security occurs, regardless of whether the breach is attributable to our services, the market perception of the effectiveness of

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our security measures could be harmed. To date, we have not experienced any significant security breaches to our network.
If enterprise connectivity demand does not continue to expand, we may experience a shortfall in revenues or earnings or otherwise fail to meet public market expectations.
      The growth of our business is dependent, in part, upon the increased use of enterprise connectivity services and our ability to capture a higher proportion of this market. If the demand for enterprise connectivity services does not continue to grow, then we may not be able to grow our business, maintain profitability or meet public market expectations. Increased usage of enterprise connectivity services depends on numerous factors, including:
  •  the willingness of enterprises to make additional information technology expenditures;
 
  •  the availability of security products necessary to ensure data privacy over the public networks;
 
  •  the quality, cost and functionality of these services and competing services;
 
  •  the increased adoption of wired and wireless broadband access methods; and
 
  •  the proliferation of electronic devices and related applications.
If we are unable to meet the challenges related to the market acceptance and provision of our policy management services, our ability to grow the business may be harmed.
      We expect that the growth of our business may depend in part upon whether our policy management services will achieve and sustain expected levels of demand and market acceptance. If enterprises do not perceive the benefits of our policy management services, then the market for these services may not develop at all, or it may develop more slowly than we expect, either of which could significantly and adversely affect our growth. In addition, if demand for our policy management services does not materialize as expected, our ability to recover our investment in Safe3w, Inc. and Mobile Automation, Inc. may be impaired or delayed. In addition, because of our limited operating history relating to policy management services, we cannot predict our revenue and operating results from the provision of these services. Key challenges that we face related to our provision of these services include the risk that we may encounter unexpected technical and other difficulties in developing our policy management services which could delay or prevent the development of these services or certain features of these services; the risk that the rate of adoption by enterprises of network security software or integrated secure connectivity solutions will not be as we anticipate, which if slow would reduce or eliminate the purchase of these services; and the risk that security breaches may occur, notwithstanding the use of our policy management services, by hackers that develop new methods of avoiding security software. If we do not adequately address these challenges, our growth and operating results may be negatively impacted.
Our long sales and service deployment cycles require us to incur substantial sales costs that may not result in related revenues.
      Our business is characterized by a long sales cycle between the time a potential customer is contacted and a customer contract is signed. In addition, the downturn in the economy and the resulting reduction in corporate spending on Internet infrastructure have further lengthened the average sales cycle for our services. Furthermore, once a customer contract is signed, there is typically an extended period before the customer’s end users actually begin to use our services, which is when we begin to realize revenues. As a result, we may invest a significant amount of time and effort in attempting to secure a customer which may not result in any revenues. Even if we enter into a contract, we will have incurred substantial sales-related expenses well before we recognize any related revenues. If the expenses associated with sales increase, we are not successful in our sales efforts, or we are unable to generate associated offsetting revenues in a timely manner, our operating results will be harmed.

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There are approximately 29 countries in which we provide dial-up access only through Equant. The loss of Equant as a dial-up network service provider would substantially diminish our ability to deliver global network access.
      In approximately 29 countries, our sole dial-up network service provider is Equant. Network usage from access within these countries accounted for less than 2% of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003. If we lose access to Equant’s network and are unable to replace this access in some or all of these countries, our revenues would decline. In addition, our ability to market our services as being global would be impaired, which could cause us to lose customers. Although our agreement with Equant does not expire until February 2006, Equant may terminate the agreement earlier if we materially breach the contract and fail to cure the breach, or if we become insolvent. In addition, Equant has no obligation to continue to provide us with access to its network after February 2006. If Equant were to cease operations or terminate its arrangements with us, we would be required to enter into arrangements with other dial-up network service providers, which may not be available. This process could be costly and time consuming, and we may not be able to enter into these arrangements on terms acceptable to us.
If our channel partners do not successfully market our services to their customers or corporate end users, then our revenues and business may be adversely affected.
      We sell our services directly through our sales force and indirectly through our channel partners, which include network service providers, systems integrators and value added resellers. Our business depends on the efforts and success of these channel partners in marketing our services to their customers. Our own ability to promote our services directly to their customers is often limited. Many of our channel partners may offer services to their customers that may be similar to, or competitive with, our services. Therefore, these channel partners may be reluctant to promote our services. If our channel partners fail to market our services effectively, our ability to grow our revenue would be reduced and our business will be impaired.
If we fail to address evolving standards and technological changes in the enterprise connectivity and policy management services industry, our business could be harmed.
      The market for enterprise connectivity and policy management services is characterized by evolving industry standards and specifications and rapid technological change, including new access methods, devices, applications and operating systems. In developing and introducing our services, we have made, and will continue to make, assumptions with respect to which features, security standards, performance criteria, access methods, devices, applications and operating systems will be required or desired by enterprises and their mobile workers. If we implement technological changes or specifications that are different from those required or desired, or if we are unable to successfully integrate required or desired technological changes or specifications into our wired or wireless services, market acceptance of our services may be significantly reduced or delayed and our business could be harmed.
The telecommunications industry has experienced a dramatic decline, which may cause consolidation among network service providers and impair our ability to provide reliable, redundant service coverage and negotiate favorable network access terms.
      The telecommunications industry has experienced dramatic technological change and increased competition that have led to significant declines in network access pricing. In addition, the revenues of network service providers have declined as a result of the general economic slowdown. As a result, network service providers have experienced operating difficulties in the last several years, resulting in poor operating results and a number of these providers declaring bankruptcy. As these conditions have continued, some of these service providers have consolidated and are working to consolidate or otherwise cease operations, which would reduce the number of network service providers from which we are able to obtain network access. As this occurs, while we expect that we will still be able to maintain operations and provide enterprise connectivity services with a small number of network service providers, we would potentially not be able to provide sufficient redundant access points in some geographic areas, which could diminish our ability to provide broad, reliable,

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redundant coverage. Further, our ability to negotiate favorable access rates from network service providers could be impaired, which could increase our network access expenses and harm our operating results.
Our software is complex and may contain errors that could damage our reputation and decrease usage of our services.
      Our software may contain errors that interrupt network access or have other unintended consequences. If network access is disrupted due to a software error, or if any other unintended negative results occur, such as the loss of billing information, a security breach or unauthorized access to our virtual network, our reputation could be harmed and our business may suffer. Although we generally attempt by contract to limit our exposure to incidental and consequential damages, if these contract provisions are not enforced or enforceable for any reason, or if liabilities arise that are not effectively limited, our operating results could be harmed.
Because much of our business is international, we encounter additional risks, which may reduce our profitability.
      We generate a substantial portion of our revenues from business conducted internationally. Revenues from customers domiciled outside of the United States were 41% of our revenues for 2004, of which approximately 24% and 13% were generated in our EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) and Asia Pacific regions, respectively. In 2003, revenues from customers domiciled outside of the United States were 39% of our total revenues, of which approximately 21% and 14% were generated in our EMEA and Asia Pacific regions, respectively. Although we currently bill for our services in U.S. dollars, our international operations subject our business to specific risks. These risks include:
  •  longer payment cycles for foreign customers, including delays due to currency controls and fluctuations;
 
  •  the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the attractiveness of our pricing;
 
  •  high taxes in some foreign jurisdictions;
 
  •  difficulty in complying with Internet-related regulations in foreign jurisdictions;
 
  •  difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations; and
 
  •  difficulty in enforcing intellectual property rights and weaker laws protecting these rights.
      Any of these factors could negatively impact our business.
Completed or future acquisitions or investments could dilute the ownership of our existing stockholders, cause us to incur significant expenses or harm our operating results.
      Integrating any newly acquired businesses, technologies or services may be expensive and time-consuming. For example, we completed the acquisitions of Safe3w, Inc. in September 2004 and Mobile Automation, Inc. in October 2004. To finance any acquisitions, it may be necessary for us to raise additional funds through public or private financings. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us and, in the case of equity financings, would result in dilution to our stockholders. In the case of completed or future acquisitions, we may be unable to operate any acquired businesses profitably or otherwise implement our strategy successfully. If we are unable to integrate any newly acquired entities, such as Safe3w, Inc. and Mobile Automation, Inc., or technologies effectively, our operating results could suffer. Completed acquisitions by us, such as the aforementioned Safe3w, Inc. and Mobile Automation, Inc. transactions, or future acquisitions by us could also result in large and immediate write-offs or assumption of debt and contingent liabilities, either of which could harm our operating results.
If we are unable to effectively manage future expansion, our business may be adversely impacted.
      We have experienced, and in the future may experience, rapid growth in operations which has placed and could continue to place, a significant strain on our network operations, development of services, internal

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controls and other managerial, operating, and financial resources. If we do not manage future expansion effectively, our business will be harmed. To effectively manage any future expansion, we will need to improve our operational and financial systems and managerial controls and procedures, which include the following:
  •  managing our research and development efforts for new and evolving technologies;
 
  •  expanding the capacity and performance of our network and software infrastructure;
 
  •  developing our administrative, accounting and management information systems and controls; and
 
  •  effectively maintaining coordination among our various departments, particularly as we expand internationally.
We currently are, and in the future may be, subject to securities class action lawsuits due to decreases in our stock price.
      We are at risk of being subject to securities class action lawsuits if our stock price declines substantially. Securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. For example, in June 2004, we announced that we would not meet market expectations regarding our financial performance in the second quarter, and our stock price declined. On January 14, 2005, a lawsuit entitled Palumbo v. iPass, Inc., et al., Case No. C 05 228 MHP was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, purportedly on behalf of a class of investors who purchased the Company’s stock between April 22, 2004 and June 30, 2004. The complaint alleges claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. Several similar lawsuits were subsequently filed in the same court. We cannot predict the outcome of the lawsuits. If our stock price declines substantially in the future, we may be the target of similar litigation. The current, and any future, securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources, and could seriously harm our business.
Litigation arising from disputes involving third parties could disrupt the conduct of our business.
      Because we rely on third parties to help us develop, market and support our service offerings, from time to time we have been, and we may continue to be, involved in disputes with these third parties. If we are unable to resolve these disputes favorably, our development, marketing or support of our services could be delayed or limited, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
If licenses to third party technologies, including our license with RSA Security, do not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all, our business and operations may be adversely affected.
      We license technologies from several software providers that are incorporated in our services. We anticipate that we will continue to license technology from third parties in the future. In particular, we license encryption technology from RSA Security. The license agreement with RSA Security expires in February 2006 and automatically renews for additional three-year periods unless terminated by us or by RSA Security. Licenses from third party technologies, including our license with RSA Security, may not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all. The loss of these technologies or other technologies that we license could have an adverse effect on our services and increase our costs or cause interruptions or delays in our services until substitute technologies, if available, are developed or identified, licensed and successfully integrated into our services.
Litigation arising out of intellectual property infringement could be expensive and disrupt our business.
      We cannot be certain that our products do not, or will not, infringe upon patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties, or that other parties will not assert infringement claims against us. From time to time we have been, and we may continue to be, involved in disputes with these third parties. Any claim of infringement of proprietary rights of others, even if ultimately decided in our favor, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. Successful claims against us may result in an injunction or substantial monetary liability, in either case which could significantly impact our results of

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operations or materially disrupt the conduct of our business. If we are enjoined from using a technology, we will need to obtain a license to use the technology, but licenses to third-party technology may not be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all.
New and Potential New Accounting Pronouncements May Impact Our Future Financial Position and Results of Operations.
      There may be potential new accounting pronouncements or regulatory rulings, which may have an impact on our future financial position and results of operations. In particular, in December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123R (SFAS 123R), “Share-Based Payment — An Amendment of FASB Statements No. 123 and 95, which eliminated the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (APB 25), “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.” SFAS 123R will instead require companies to recognize compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to share-based payments including stock options and employee stock purchase plans. SFAS 123R is effective for public companies in periods beginning after June 15, 2005. We will be required to implement the standard no later than the quarter that begins July 1, 2005. The cumulative effect of adoption, if any, applied on a modified prospective basis, would be measured and recognized on July 1, 2005. The adoption of FAS 123R and other potential changes could materially impact our results of operations.
Risks Relating to Our Industry
Security concerns may delay the widespread adoption of the Internet for enterprise communications, or limit usage of Internet-based services, which would reduce demand for our products and services.
      The secure transmission of confidential information over public networks is a significant barrier to further adoption of the Internet as a business medium. The Internet is a public network and information is sent over this network from many sources. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of code breaking or other developments could result in compromised security on our network or the networks of others. Security and authentication concerns with respect to the transmission over the Internet of confidential information, such as corporate access passwords and the ability of hackers to penetrate online security systems may reduce the demand for our services. Further, new access methods, devices, applications and operating systems have also introduced additional vulnerabilities which have been actively exploited by hackers. Internet-based worms and viruses, computer programs that are created to slow Internet traffic or disrupt computer networks or files by replicating through software or operating systems, are examples of events or computer programs that can disrupt users from using our Internet-based services and reduce demand for our services, potentially affecting our business and financial performance. In particular, certain Internet worms and viruses affected some of our customers and their mobile users, which may have negatively impacted our revenues. Furthermore, any well-publicized compromises of confidential information may reduce demand for Internet-based communications, including our services.
Financial, political or economic conditions could adversely affect our revenues.
      Our revenues and profitability depend on the overall demand for enterprise connectivity services. The general weakening of the global economy in the last few years led to decreased corporate spending on Internet infrastructure. In addition, if there are further acts of terrorism, if hostilities involving the United States and other countries continue or escalate, or if other future financial, political, economic and other uncertainties or natural disasters arise, this could lead to a reduction in travel, including by business travelers who are substantial users of our services, and continue to contribute to a climate of economic and political uncertainty that could adversely affect our revenue growth and financial results.
Government regulation of, and legal uncertainties regarding, the Internet could harm our business.
      Internet-based communication services generally are not subject to federal fees or taxes imposed to support programs such as universal telephone service. Changes in the rules or regulations of the U.S. Federal

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Communications Commission or in applicable federal communications laws relating to the imposition of these fees or taxes could result in significant new operating expenses for us, and could negatively impact our business. Any new law or regulation, U.S. or foreign, pertaining to Internet-based communications services, or changes to the application or interpretation of existing laws, could decrease the demand for our services, increase our cost of doing business or otherwise harm our business. There are an increasing number of laws and regulations pertaining to the Internet. These laws or regulations may relate to taxation and the quality of products and services. Furthermore, the applicability to the Internet of existing laws governing intellectual property ownership and infringement, taxation, encryption, obscenity, libel, employment, personal privacy, export or import matters and other issues is uncertain and developing and we are not certain how the possible application of these laws may affect us. Some of these laws may not contemplate or address the unique issues of the Internet and related technologies. Changes in laws intended to address these issues could create uncertainty in the Internet market, which could reduce demand for our services, increase our operating expenses or increase our litigation costs.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Currency
      Although we currently bill our services in U.S. dollars, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. A strengthening of the dollar could make our services less competitive in foreign markets and therefore could reduce our revenues. We are billed by and pay substantially all of our network service providers in U.S. dollars. In the future, some portion of our revenues and costs may be denominated in foreign currencies. To date, exchange rate fluctuations have had little impact on our operating results.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
      As of December 31, 2004, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaling $152.3 million. Our investment portfolio consists of money market funds and securities, asset backed securities, corporate securities, and government securities, generally due within one to two years. All of our instruments are held other than for trading purposes. We place investments with high quality issuers and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. These securities are subject to interest rate risks. Based on our portfolio content and our ability to hold investments to maturity, we believe that, a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in current interest rates would not materially affect our interest income, although there can be no assurance of this.
      As of December 31, 2003, we had cash and cash equivalents of $139.3 million, which consisted of cash and highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase, which we held solely for non-trading purposes. A hypothetical increase or decrease in market interest rates by 10% from the market interest rates would have caused the interest generated by, and the fair value of, these short-term investments to change by an immaterial amount.
      The following is a chart of the principal amounts of short-term investments by expected maturity (in thousands):
                                   
    Expected Maturity Date        
    for Par Value Amounts        
    For the Year Ended       As of
    December 31,       Dec. 31, 2004
        Total Cost    
    2005   2006   Value   Total Fair Value
                 
U.S. Government agencies
  $ 59,600     $ 43,500     $ 103,357     $ 102,989  
Corporate notes
          14,415       15,007       14,951  
                         
 
Total
  $ 59,600     $ 57,915     $ 118,364     $ 117,940  
                         
      Our general policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk. We consider all investments to be short-term investments, which are classified in the

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balance sheet as current assets, because (1) the investments can be readily converted at any time into cash or into securities with a shorter remaining time to maturity and (2) the investments are selected for yield management purposes only and we are not committed to holding the investments until maturity. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluate such designations as of each balance sheet date. All short-term investments and cash equivalents in our portfolio are classified as “available-for-sale” and are stated at fair market value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of unrealized discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income and other, net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Financial Statements
      Our financial statements required by this item are set forth as a separate section of this report. See Item 15(a)(1) for a listing of financial statements provided in the section titled “Financial Statements.”
Supplementary Data
      The following tables set forth unaudited quarterly supplementary data for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2004 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                                 
    Quarter Ended
     
    March 31   June 30   September 30   December 31
                 
Year Ended December 31, 2004
                               
Revenues
  $ 40,695     $ 40,394     $ 41,912     $ 43,318  
Operating income
    7,140       7,194       7,950       6,682  
Net income
    4,697       4,489       5,206       4,676  
Basic net income per share
  $ 0.08     $ 0.07     $ 0.08     $ 0.08  
Diluted net income per share
  $ 0.07     $ 0.07     $ 0.08     $ 0.07  
                                 
    Quarter Ended
     
    March 31   June 30   September 30   December 31
                 
Year Ended December 31, 2003
                               
Revenues
  $ 30,498     $ 33,103     $ 34,989     $ 37,488  
Operating income
    4,390       5,638       6,163       6,166  
Net income
    2,310       2,952       4,461       4,179  
Basic net income per share
  $ 0.17     $ 0.21     $ 0.08     $ 0.07  
Diluted net income per share
  $ 0.04     $ 0.05     $ 0.07     $ 0.06  
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
      None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Controls and Procedures
      We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that

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the information required to be disclosed by us in our periodic SEC reports are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the in the SEC’s rules and the SEC reports.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
      Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2004, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on these criteria. Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, have issued an audit report on our assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
      In addition, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2004 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
      Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within iPass have been detected.
Item 9B. Other Information
      None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
      Information relating to our executive officers and directors will be presented under the captions “Proposal 1 — Election of Directors” and “Executive Officers and Directors” in our definitive proxy statement in connection with our 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in June 2005 to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than April 30, 2005 (the “Proxy Statement”). That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
      Information concerning compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 will be presented under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Code of Ethics
      We have adopted a code of conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, including the principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. This code of conduct and ethics is posted on our Website. The Internet address for our Website is http://www.ipass.com, and the code of conduct and ethics may be found as follows:
        1. From our main Web page, first click on “Investors.”
 
        2. Next, click on “Corporate Governance.”

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        3. Then, click on “Code of Conduct.”
 
        4. Finally, click on “Code of Conduct and Ethics.”
      We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of this code of conduct and ethics by posting such information on our website, at the address and location specified above.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
      Information relating to director and executive compensation required by this Item 11 will be presented under the captions “Compensation of Directors,” “Compensation of Executive Officers,” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
      Information relating to the security ownership of our common stock by our management and other beneficial owners will be presented under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
      Information relating to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans will be presented under the caption “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
      Information relating to certain relationships of our directors and executive officers and related transactions will be presented under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
      The information required by this item will be included under the captions “Proposal No. 2 — Ratification of Independent Auditors–Principal Accountant Fees and Services” in the Proxy Statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
      (a) The following financial statements are filed as part of this report:
1. Financial Statements
           
    Page
     
    36  
Consolidated Financial Statements:
       
      38  
      39  
      40  
      41  
      42  

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2. Financial Statement Schedules
      None. All schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits
         
Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
     
  2 .1   Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 26, 2004 by and among iPass Inc., Montage Acquisition Corp., Mobile Automation, Inc. and David Strohm, as Stockholders’ Agent.
  3 .1   Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.(1)
 
  3 .2   Bylaws, as amended.(1)
 
  4 .1   Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2.
 
  4 .2   Specimen stock certificate.(1)
 
  10 .1   2003 Equity Incentive Plan and form of related agreements, as amended.(1)
 
  10 .2   2003 Non-Employee Directors Plan.(1)
 
  10 .3   1999 Stock Option Plan and form of related agreements.(1)
 
  10 .4   1997 Stock Option Plan and form of related agreements.(1)
 
  10 .5   Interim 1999 Stock Option Plan.(1)
 
  10 .6   Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement by and between the Registrant and Anurag Lal dated November 8, 1999.(1)
 
  10 .7   2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of related agreements, as amended.(1)
 
  10 .8   Lease Agreement, dated October 26, 1999 between Registrant and Westport Joint Venture (as amended).(1)
 
  10 .9   Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement dated August 8, 2000 between Registrant, founders and holders of the Registrant’s Preferred Stock.(1)
 
  10 .10   Form of Indemnity Agreement.(1)
 
  10 .11   Employment Agreement, dated November 13, 2001 between Registrant and Kenneth D. Denman.(1)
 
  10 .12   Form of Offer Letter to Executive Officers.(1)
 
  10 .13   OEM Service Provider License Agreement, dated February 29, 2000, between RSA Security, Inc. and the Registrant, and amendments thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10 .14   Support Agreement, dated February 29, 2000, by and between RSA Security, Inc. and the Registrant.(1)(3)
 
  10 .15   Managed Data Network Services Agreement, dated September 17, 1996, between Equant, (formerly Scitor International Telecommunication Services, Inc.), and the Registrant, and amendments thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10 .16   Loan and Security Agreement dated September 4, 2001 between Silicon Valley Bank and the Registrant and modifications thereto.(1)
 
  10 .17   Internet Service Agreement dated April 25, 2001, by and between UUNET Technologies, Inc. and the Registrant, and amendment thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10 .18   Virtual Internet Provider (VIP) Agreement dated January 9, 1997, by and between UUNET Technologies, Inc. and the Registrant and amendments thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10 .19   Management Bonus Structure 2005 Plan (4)
 
  10 .20   Outside Director Compensation Arrangement (5)
 
  10 .21   Executive Officer Cash Compensation Arrangement (6)
 
  21 .1   Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
 
  23 .1   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
  24 .1   Power of Attorney.(reference is made to the signature page of this Form 10-K)

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Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
     
 
  31 .1   Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  31 .2   Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  32 .1   Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  32 .2   Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
(1)  Previously filed as the like-numbered exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2003, as amended, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(2)  Previously filed as the like-numbered exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2003, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(3)  Confidential treatment has been grated for a portion of the exhibit. The information omitted pursuant to such confidential treatment order had been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
(4)  Previously filed as the file-numbered exhibit on our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2005, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(5)  Previously disclosed under the caption “Compensation of Directors” in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2004, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(6)  Previously disclosed under the caption “Compensation of Executive Officers” in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2004, and incorporated by reference herein.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
iPass Inc.:
      We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of iPass Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
      We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
      In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of iPass Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
      We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of iPass Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 15, 2005 expressed an unqualified opinion on management’s assessment of, and the effective operation of, internal control over financial reporting.
  /S/ KPMG LLP
Mountain View, CA
March 15, 2005

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
IPass Inc.:
      We have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that iPass Inc. maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). IPass’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
      We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
      A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
      Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
      In our opinion, management’s assessment that iPass maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Also, in our opinion, iPass maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
      We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of iPass Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004, and our report dated March 15, 2005 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
  /S/ KPMG LLP
Mountain View, CA
March 15, 2005

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                     
    As of December 31,
     
    2004   2003
         
    (In thousands, except
    share and per share
    amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 34,395     $ 45,646  
 
Short-term investments
    117,940       93,639  
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,071 and $2,348, respectively
    23,884       20,658  
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    3,161       3,310  
 
Deferred income tax assets
    8,642       17,341  
             
   
Total current assets
    188,022       180,594  
Property and equipment, net
    10,111       8,288  
Other assets
    1,224       1,235  
Acquired intangibles, net
    11,143        
Goodwill
    20,013        
             
   
Total assets
  $ 230,513     $ 190,117  
             
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
 
Accounts payable
  $ 9,154     $ 7,421  
 
Accrued liabilities
    14,137       10,974  
             
   
Total current liabilities
    23,291       18,395  
             
   
Total liabilities
    23,291       18,395  
             
Commitments (Note 9)
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
 
Common stock, $.001 par value; authorized 250,000,000 and 120,000,000 shares, respectively; issued and outstanding 62,756,718 and 60,483,432 shares, respectively
    63       60  
 
Additional paid-in capital
    240,629       229,026  
 
Notes receivable from stockholders
          (2,831 )
 
Deferred stock-based compensation
    (1,782 )     (4,326 )
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    (424 )     125  
 
Accumulated deficit
    (31,264 )     (50,332 )
             
   
Total stockholders’ equity
    207,222       171,722  
             
   
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 230,513     $ 190,117  
             
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
                               
    For the Year Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002
             
    (In thousands, except share and per share
    amounts)
Revenues
  $ 166,319     $ 136,078     $ 92,830  
                   
Operating expenses:
                       
 
Network access
    37,339       30,121       23,323  
 
Network operations
    19,041       14,306       10,459  
 
Research and development
    13,804       9,944       7,070  
 
Sales and marketing
    46,580       41,049       32,931  
 
General and administrative
    17,790       14,232       9,630  
 
Amortization of stock-based compensation(1)
    2,342       4,069       2,765  
 
Amortization of intangibles
    457              
                   
   
Total operating expenses
    137,353       113,721       86,178  
                   
   
Operating income
    28,966       22,357       6,652  
                   
Other income (expense):
                       
 
Interest income and other
    2,298       1,133       440  
 
Interest expense
          (620 )     (1,026 )
                   
   
Total other income (expense)
    2,298       513       (586 )
                   
Income before income taxes
    31,264       22,870       6,066  
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
    12,196       8,968       (23,693 )
                   
Net income
  $ 19,068     $ 13,902     $ 29,759  
                   
Net income per share:
                       
 
Basic
  $ 0.31     $ 0.26     $ 2.34  
 
Diluted
  $ 0.29     $ 0.23     $ 0.57  
Number of shares used in per share calculations:
                       
 
Basic
    60,770,680       53,474,537       12,742,068  
 
Diluted
    65,645,757       60,622,040       51,873,067  
(1) Amortization of stock-based compensation consists of:
                       
 
  Network operations
  $ 335     $ 551     $ 302  
 
  Research and development
    352       468       219  
 
  Sales and marketing
    554       984       571  
 
  General and administrative
    1,101       2,066       1,673  
                   
     
Total amortization of stock-based compensation
  $ 2,342     $ 4,069     $ 2,765  
                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
                                                                                         
                    Notes                    
    Convertible           Receivable               Total    
    Preferred Stock   Common Stock   Additional   from   Deferred       Accumulated   Stock-    
            Paid-In   Stock-   Stock-Based   Accumulated   Comprehensive   holders’   Comprehensive
    Shares   Amount   Shares   Amount   Capital   holders   Compensation   Deficit   Income (Loss)   Equity   Income
                                             
    (In thousands)
Balances, December 31, 2001
    35,273     $ 35       13,191     $ 13     $ 115,870     $ (1,785 )   $ (3,878 )   $ (93,993 )         $ 16,262        
Exercise of stock options
                3,240       3       1,673       (1,485 )                       191        
Payment of stockholder notes receivable
                                  625                         625        
Repurchase of unvested common stock
                (418 )           (109 )     87                         (22 )      
Warrants
                            46                               46        
Interest earned on stockholder note receivable
                                  (86 )                       (86 )      
Cancellation of unvested stock options
                            (572 )           572                          
Deferred stock- based compensation
                            2,300             (2,300 )                        
Amortization of stock-based compensation
                                        2,765                   2,765        
Fair value of options for accelerated vesting
                            44                               44        
Fair value of options issued to non-employees
                            16                               16        
Net income
                                              29,759             29,759       29,759  
                                                                   
Balances, December 31, 2002
    35,273       35       16,013       16       119,268       (2,644 )     (2,841 )     (64,234 )           49,600     $ 29,759  
                                                                   
Issuance of common stock in initial public offering, net of issuance costs of $10,043
                8,050       8       102,649                               102,657        
Conversion of convertible preferred stock into common stock
    (35,273 )     (35 )     35,273       35                                            
Exercise of stock options
                662       1       962                               963        
Exercise of warrants
                485                                                  
Interest earned on stockholder note receivable
                                  (187 )                       (187 )      
Cancellation of unvested stock options
                            (282 )           282                          
Deferred stock- based compensation
                            5,836             (5,836 )                        
Amortization of stock-based compensation
                                        4,069                   4,069        
Fair value of options issued to non-employees
                            392                               392        
Tax benefit from employee stock option plans
                            201                               201        
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net
                                                    125       125       125  
Net income
                                              13,902             13,902       13,902  
                                                                   
Balances, December 31, 2003
                60,483       60     $ 229,026     $ (2,831 )   $ (4,326 )   $ (50,332 )   $ 125     $ 171,722     $ 14,027  
                                                                   
Exercise of stock options
                1,886       2       5,239                               5,241        
Employee stock purchase plan — common stock issued
                388       1       2,735                               2,736        
Payment of stockholder notes receivable
                                  2,887                         2,887        
Interest earned on stockholder note receivable
                                  (56 )                       (56 )      
Cancellation of unvested stock options
                            (202 )           202                          
Amortization of stock-based compensation
                                        2,342                   2,342        
Tax benefit from employee stock option plans
                            3,831                               3,831        
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments, net
                                                    (549 )     (549 )     (549 )
Net income
                                              19,068             19,068       19,068  
                                                                   
Balances, December 31, 2004
                62,757       63     $ 240,629           $ (1,782 )   $ (31,264 )   $ (424 )   $ 207,222     $ 18,519  
                                                                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                             
    For the Year Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002
             
    (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
                       
Net income
  $ 19,068     $ 13,902     $ 29,759  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
 
Amortization of stock-based compensation for employees
    2,342       4,069       2,765  
 
Amortization of warrants issued
          8       64  
 
Amortization of acquired intangibles
    457              
 
Depreciation and amortization
    4,386       3,810       3,549  
 
Stock-based compensation
          392       60  
 
Tax benefit from employee stock option plans
    3,831       201        
 
Deferred income taxes
    6,473       6,958       (24,299 )
 
Interest on shareholder notes receivable
    (56 )     (187 )     (86 )
 
Provision for doubtful accounts
    1,100       1,176       1,250  
 
Loss on disposals of property and equipment
          45        
 
Realized loss on investments, net
    98              
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
 
Accounts receivable
    (3,433 )     (7,607 )     (5,961 )
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    250       (1,991 )     183  
 
Other assets
    30       (22 )     52  
 
Accounts payable
    1,733       442       1,521  
 
Accrued liabilities
    1,185       2,486       1,719  
                   
   
Net cash provided by operating activities
    37,464       23,682       10,576  
                   
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
 
Purchases of short-term investments
    (156,020 )     (98,854 )      
 
Maturities of short-term investments
    131,072       5,340        
 
Purchases of property and equipment
    (6,186 )     (5,683 )     (3,533 )
 
Acquisition of Safe3w, net of cash acquired
    (8,481 )            
 
Acquisition of Mobile Automation, net of cash acquired
    (19,964 )            
                   
   
Net cash used in investing activities
    (59,579 )     (99,197 )     (3,533 )
                   
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
 
Net proceeds from initial public offering
          102,657        
 
Proceeds from loans payable
          1,483       2,418  
 
Payments on loans payable
          (5,064 )     (1,128 )
 
Payments on line of credit, net
          (6,794 )      
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
    7,977       963       191  
 
Proceeds from payment of stockholder notes receivable
    2,887             625  
 
Payments for repurchase of unvested restricted stock
                (22 )
                   
   
Net cash provided by financing activities
    10,864       93,245       2,084  
                   
   
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (11,251 )     17,730       9,127  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    45,646       27,916       18,789  
                   
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  $ 34,395     $ 45,646     $ 27,916  
                   
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
                       
 
Cash paid for interest
  $     $ 486     $ 799  
 
Cash paid for taxes
  $ 1,485     $ 1,362     $ 378  
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
                       
 
Issuance of stockholder notes receivable for exercise of stock options
  $     $     $ 1,485  
 
Cancellation of stockholder notes receivable for unvested restricted stock repurchases
  $     $     $ 87  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Description of Business
      iPass, Inc. (the “Company”) provides software-enabled enterprise connectivity services for mobile workers. Its primary service offering, iPass Corporate Access, is designed to enable enterprises to provide their employees with secure access from over 150 countries to the enterprise’s internal networks through an easy-to-use interface. As opposed to telecommunications companies that own and operate physical networks, iPass provides its services through a virtual network. iPass’ virtual network is enabled by its software, its scalable network architecture and its relationships with over 300 telecommunications carriers, internet service providers and other network service providers around the globe. The Company’s software is designed to provide enterprises with a high level of security, the ability to affect and control policy management, and to receive centralized billing and detailed reporting. iPass was incorporated in California in July 1996 and reincorporated in Delaware in June 2000.
      In July 2003, the Company closed the sale of 8,050,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters’ exercise of an over-allotment option, at a price of $14 per share in an initial public offering (IPO). A total of $112.7 million in gross proceeds was raised from these transactions. After deducting the underwriting discount of approximately $7.9 million, and offering expenses of approximately $2.1 million, net proceeds were $102.7 million.
      Upon the closing of the Company’s IPO, 35,273,169 shares of the Company’s convertible preferred stock converted into common shares.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
      The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Principles of Consolidation
      The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of iPass Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.
Foreign Currency Translation
      All revenues and substantially all network access expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. Therefore, the Company considers all functional currency of its foreign subsidiaries to be the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002.
Comprehensive Income
      Comprehensive income is a measure of all changes in equity of an enterprise that result from transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with stockholders. Comprehensive income is the total of net income and all other non-owner changes in equity. Comprehensive income includes net income and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      Comprehensive income is comprised of the following (in thousands):
                           
    Year Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002
             
Net income
  $ 19,068     $ 13,902     $ 29,759  
Comprehensive income:
                       
 
Change in accumulated unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
    (549 )     125        
                   
Total comprehensive income
  $ 18,519     $ 14,027     $ 29,759  
                   
Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments
      Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments including money market funds and corporate debt securities with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase.
      The Company has the ability to convert its short-term investments into cash or into securities with a shorter remaining time to maturity without penalty and is not committed to holding the investments until maturity. As such, all short-term investments in the Company’s portfolio are classified as “available-for-sale” and are stated at fair market value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss). The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of unrealized discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income and other, net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.
Concentrations of Risk
      Substantially all of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are held by two financial institutions.
      The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of business, performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, and maintains an adequate allowance for doubtful accounts. As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, no individual customer represented 10% or more of accounts receivable.
      For the three years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, suppliers representing greater than 10% of network access expenses were as follows:
                         
Access Provider:   2004   2003   2002
             
A
    6.8 %     14.2 %     19.0 %
B
    16.8 %     21.3 %     21.1 %
      In addition, the some of the contracts the Company has entered into with these access providers contain minimum purchase commitments (see Note 9).
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
      For the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the relatively short maturities of the financial instruments.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Property and Equipment
      Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:
        Equipment (Three years)
 
        Furniture and fixtures (Five years)
 
        Computer software and equipment (Three years)
 
        Leasehold improvements (Shorter of useful life or lease term)
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
      The Company periodically evaluates the carrying amount of its property and equipment, annually or when events or changes in business circumstances have occurred, which indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully realizable. Determination of impairment is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the Company determines these assets have been impaired, the impairment charge is recorded based on a comparison of the net book value of the fixed assets and the discounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the assets over their remaining useful lives. There have been no such impairment charges during any of the periods presented.
Income Taxes
      Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Stock-Based Compensation
      Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123”, amends the disclosure requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”), to require more prominent disclosures in both interim and annual financial statements regarding the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results.
      The Company accounts for stock-based awards to employees and directors using the intrinsic value method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”). Under the intrinsic value method, when the exercise price of the Company’s employee stock options equals the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant, no compensation expense is recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The Company is required under SFAS 123, to disclose pro forma information regarding option grants made to its employees based on specified valuation techniques that produce estimated compensation charges. The pro forma information is as follows (in thousands, except per-share amounts):
                           
    For the Year Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002
             
Net income — as reported
  $ 19,068     $ 13,902     $ 29,759  
Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in the reported net income, net of related tax effects
    1,429       2,523       1,714  
Deduct: Stock-based employee compensation expense using the fair value method, net of related tax effects
    (3,699 )     (3,029 )     (2,265 )
                   
Pro forma net income
  $ 16,798     $ 13,396     $ 29,208  
                   
Basic net income per common share:
                       
 
As reported
  $ 0.31     $ 0.26     $ 2.34  
 
Pro forma
  $ 0.28     $ 0.25     $ 2.29  
Diluted net income per common share:
                       
 
As reported
  $ 0.29     $ 0.23     $ 0.57  
 
Pro forma
  $ 0.26     $ 0.22     $ 0.56  
      The weighted average fair value of options granted during fiscal 2004, 2003 and 2002 was $6.10, $4.35 and $1.35, respectively.
      The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions used for grants for the twelve months ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002:
                                                 
    Employee Stock Options   Employee Stock Purchase Plan
    For the Year Ended December 31,   For the Year Ended December 31,
         
    2004   2003   2002   2004   2003   2002
                         
Risk-free rate
    3.0 %     2.0 %     3.0 %     1.6 %            
Expected dividend yield
    0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %            
Expected volatility
    41-47 %     43 %     0 %*     32-52 %            
Expected life
    3 Years       3 Years       3 Years       .5 Years              
 
Note that all stock option grants issued during the year ended December 31, 2002 were issued prior to the Company’s initial public offering, therefore 0% volatility has been used. The employee stock purchase plan commenced on July 23, 2003 with the first purchase occurring on April 30, 2004.
Computation of Net Income per Share
      Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted daily average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted daily average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period plus dilutive potential common shares, including stock options and warrants using the treasury-stock method and from convertible preferred stock using the “if converted” method.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Revenue Recognition
Services and Fees
      The Company derives substantially all of its revenues from usage fees. The Company recognizes revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, service has been provided to the customer, the price to the customer is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable.
      Revenues are recognized during the period the services are rendered to end users based on usage at negotiated rates. The Company typically requires its customers to commit to minimum usage levels. Minimum usage levels can be based on an annual term, monthly term or over the term of the arrangement. If actual usage in a given period is less than the minimum commitment, the Company recognizes the difference between the actual usage and the minimum commitment as revenue when cash is collected because the Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of the difference that will be collected. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of the difference to be collected because it has from time to time renegotiated minimum commitments in cases where customers have sought renegotiation of their contract for reasons such as a significant downturn in their business or where the Company has determined that it would be in its best interest to do so. Customers are not contractually entitled to use or otherwise receive benefit for unused service in subsequent periods.
      The Company typically provides its customers with deployment services, technical support and additional optional services. Depending on the service provided and the nature of the arrangement, the Company may charge a one-time, annual or monthly fee. Revenues relating to one-time fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the initial contract, generally one to three years. Revenues relating to annual fees are recognized on a straight-line basis. Revenues for monthly services are recognized during the month that these services are provided.
License and Maintenance
      License revenue consists principally of revenue earned under software license agreements. License revenue is generally recognized when a signed contract or other persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the software has been shipped or electronically delivered, the license fee is fixed or determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably probable. We enter into revenue arrangements in which a customer may purchase a combination of software, upgrades and maintenance and support (multiple-element arrangements). When vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for all elements, we allocate revenue to each element based on the relative fair value of each of the elements. VSOE of fair value is established by the price charged when that element is sold separately. When contracts contain multiple elements wherein vendor specific objective evidence exists for all undelivered elements, we account for the delivered elements in accordance with the “Residual Method” prescribed by AICPA Statement of Position (“SOP”) 98-9. Revenue from subscription license agreements, which include software, rights to future products and maintenance, is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription period. Revenue on shipments to resellers, which is generally subject to certain rights of return and price protection, is recognized when the products are sold by the resellers to the end-user customer.
      Maintenance revenue consists of fees for providing software updates on a when and if available basis and technical support for software products (post-contract support or “PCS”). Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement.
      Payments received in advance of services performed are deferred. Allowances for estimated future returns and discounts are provided for upon recognition of revenue.
      The Company generally performs credit reviews to evaluate the customers’ ability to pay. If the Company determines that collectibility is not probable, revenue is recognized as cash is collected.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Network Access
      Network access expenses represent the amounts paid to network access providers for the usage of their networks. The Company has minimum purchase commitments with some network service providers for access that is expects to utilize during the term of the contracts. Costs of minimum purchase contracts are recognized as network access expenses at the greater of the minimum commitment or actual usage.
      If the Company estimates that the revenues derived from the purchase commitment will be less than the purchase commitment, the Company recognizes a loss on that purchase commitment to the extent of that difference. No such loss has been recognized through December 31, 2004.
Advertising
      Advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 were approximately $989,000, $1.4 million and $370,000, respectively.
Software Development Costs
      Costs related to the research and development of new software and enhancements to existing software are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. To date, the Company’s software has been available for general release concurrent with the establishment of technological feasibility, and accordingly, no costs have been capitalized.
      The Company capitalizes the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use. During the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Company had no capitalized software development costs. Development costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software developed, which is generally six years. As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had no capitalized software development costs.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
      In December of 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a revised version of Statement No. 123 Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS 123R”), which supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related implementation guidance. SFAS 123R requires recognition of the cost of employee services received in share-based payment transactions, thereby reflecting the economic consequences of those transactions in the financial statements. The accounting provisions for SFAS 123 are effective beginning with the first interim or annual reporting period that begins after June 15, 2005, and we will be required to adopt SFAS 123R in the third quarter of 2005. The pro forma disclosures previously permitted under SFAS 123 will no longer be an alternative to financial statement recognition. See “Stock-Based Compensation” above for the pro forma net income and net income per share amounts, for fiscal 2002 through 2004, as if we had used a fair-value-based method similar to the methods required under SFAS 123R to measure compensation expense for employee stock incentive awards. Although we have not yet determined whether the adoption of SFAS 123R will result in amounts that are similar to the current pro forma disclosures under SFAS 123, we are evaluating the requirements under SFAS 123R and expect the adoption of SFAS 123R to have a significant adverse impact on our consolidated statements of operations and net income per share.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 3. Short-Term Investments
      The following tables summarize the Company’s short-term investments as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 (in thousands):
                                 
    Short-term Investments
     
        Unrealized   Unrealized   Fair
December 31, 2004   Cost   Gains   Losses   Value
                 
U.S. Government agencies
    103,357             (368 )     102,989  
Corporate notes
    15,007             (56 )     14,951  
                         
      118,364             (424 )     117,940  
                         
                                 
    Short-term Investments
     
        Unrealized   Unrealized   Fair
December 31, 2003   Cost   Gains   Losses   Value
                 
U.S. Government agencies
    80,551       110             80,661  
Corporate notes
    9,157       17       (2 )     9,172  
Asset backed
    3,806                   3,806  
                         
      93,514       127       (2 )     93,639  
                         
      The following table summarizes the principal amounts of the Company’s short-term investments by expected maturity date (in thousands):
                                   
    Expected Maturity Date        
    for Par Value Amounts        
    For the Year Ended       As of
    December 31,       Dec. 31, 2004
        Total Cost    
    2005   2006   Value   Total Fair Value
                 
U.S. Government agencies
  $ 59,600     $ 43,500     $ 103,357     $ 102,989  
Corporate notes
          14,415       15,007       14,951  
                         
 
Total
  $ 59,600     $ 57,915     $ 118,364     $ 117,940  
                         
      The Company recognized gross realized gains of $17,000 and gross realized losses of $115,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004. There were no recognized gains or losses on short-term investments for the year ended December 31, 2003. The Company has not recorded any impairment loss relating to an other-than-temporary impairment in the fair value of its short-term investments as the Company has the ability to hold the security until maturity.
Note 4. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
      Changes in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts for the year ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 are as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    Beginning           Ending
    Balance   Provisions   Charge Offs   Balance
                 
Year ended December 31, 2002
  $ 1,114     $ 1,250     $ (864 )   $ 1,500  
Year ended December 31, 2003
  $ 1,500     $ 1,176     $ (328 )   $ 2,348  
Year ended December 31, 2004
  $ 2,348     $ 1,100     $ (1,377 )   $ 2,071  

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 5. Property and Equipment
      Property and equipment consisted of:
                   
    December 31,   December 31,
    2004   2003
         
    (In thousands)
Equipment
  $ 17,906     $ 13,694  
Furniture and fixtures
    2,538       2,456  
Computer software and equipment
    4,312       2,213  
Leasehold improvements
    1,620       1,443  
             
      26,376       19,806  
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (16,265 )     (11,518 )
             
 
Property and equipment, net
  $ 10,111     $ 8,288  
             
      Depreciation expense was $4,386,000, $3,711,000 and $3,396,000 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Note 6. Accrued Liabilities
      Accrued liabilities consisted of:
                 
    December 31,   December 31,
    2004   2003
         
    (In thousands)
Accrued commissions
  $ 2,928     $ 2,979  
Deferred rent
    1,630       1,504  
Deferred revenues
    2,984       1,852  
Paid time off payable
    1,631       1,274  
Other accrued liabilities
    4,964       3,365  
             
    $ 14,137     $ 10,974  
             
Note 7. Business Combinations
Safe3w
      In September 2004, the Company completed its acquisition of Safe3w, Inc., a privately-held Woodbury, NY company that has developed patented dynamic device “fingerprinting” technology. The Company acquired 100% of the interest in Safe3w in a cash transaction for approximately $8.5 million. The Company plans to incorporate Safe3w’s technology into its existing products. The total purchase price includes $300,000 in direct transactions costs, including legal and valuation fees.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The results of operations of Safe3w are included in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations beginning September 16, 2004, the date of the transaction closing. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price based on the estimated fair values of the tangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands).
           
Cash acquired
  $ 7  
Other tangible assets acquired
    96  
 
Amortizable intangible assets:
       
 
Existing technology
    2,900  
 
Patent/core technology
    1,100  
Goodwill
    5,785  
       
Total assets acquired
    9,888  
Deferred tax liability, net
    (953
Liabilities assumed
    (135
Transaction costs
    (300 )
       
Net assets acquired
  $ 8,500  
       
      Identifiable intangible assets, including existing technology and patents/core technology are being amortized over their useful lives of eight years.
      Developed technology was identified and valued through interviews, analysis of data provided by Safe3w concerning development projects, their stage of development, the time and resources needed to complete them, if applicable, and their expected income generating ability and associated risks. All development projects had reached technological feasibility and were classified as developed technology with the value assigned to existing technology capitalized. The income approach, which includes an analysis of the cash flows and risks associated with achieving such cash flows, was the primary technique utilized in valuing acquired intangible assets. Key assumptions included a discount rate of 21.0% and estimates of revenue growth, operating expenses and taxes.
      The following unaudited pro forma information represents the results of operations for iPass and Safe3w for the twelve months ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 as if the acquisition had been consummated as of January 1, 2004 and 2003, respectively. This pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of what may occur in the future (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                   
    Twelve Months Ended
    December 31,
     
    2004   2003
         
Total revenue
  $ 166,444     $ 136,223  
Net income
    16,187       10,893  
Net income per share:
               
 
Basic
  $ 0.27     $ 0.20  
 
Diluted
  $ 0.25     $ 0.18  
Number of shares used in per share calculations:
               
 
Basic
    60,770,680       53,474,537  
 
Diluted
    65,645,757       60,622,040  

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Mobile Automation
      In October 2004, the Company completed its acquisition of Mobile Automation, a privately-held Westlake Village, CA company that has developed solutions that help enterprise IT departments protect and manage their remote and mobile devices such as computers and personal data assistants (PDAs). The Company acquired 100% of the interest in Mobile Automation in a cash transaction for approximately $20.0 million. The Company plans to enhance its product offering to its customers who use remote and mobile devices. The total purchase price includes $187,000 in direct transactions costs, including legal and valuation fees.
      The results of operations of Mobile Automation are included in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations beginning October 29, 2004, the date of the transaction closing. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price based on the estimated fair values of the tangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands).
           
Cash acquired
  $ 37  
Accounts receivable
    893  
Other tangible assets acquired
    52  
Amortizable intangible assets:
       
 
Existing technology
    5,000  
 
Patent/core technology
    1,700  
 
Maintenance agreements and certain relationships
    400  
 
Customer relationships
    500  
Goodwill
    14,228  
       
Total assets acquired
    22,810  
Deferred tax liability, net
    (1,297 )
Liabilities assumed
    (1,326 )
Transaction costs
    (187 )
       
Net assets acquired
  $ 20,000  
       
      Identifiable intangible assets, including existing technology, patents/core technology and customer relationships are being amortized over their useful lives of four years. Maintenance agreements and certain relationships are being amortized over their useful lives of six years.
      Developed technology was identified and valued through interviews, analysis of data provided by Mobile Automation concerning development projects, their stage of development, the time and resources needed to complete them, if applicable, and their expected income generating ability and associated risks. All development projects had reached technological feasibility and were classified as developed technology with the value assigned to existing technology capitalized. The income approach, which includes an analysis of the cash flows and risks associated with achieving such cash flows, was the primary technique utilized in valuing acquired intangible assets. Key assumptions included a discount rate of 21.2% and estimates of revenue growth, operating expenses and taxes.
      The following unaudited pro forma information represents the results of operations for iPass and Mobile Automation for the twelve months ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 as if the acquisition had been

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
consummated as of January 1, 2004 and 2003, respectively. This pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of what may occur in the future (in thousands, except per share amounts):
                   
    Twelve Months Ended
    December 31,
     
    2004   2003
         
Total revenue
  $ 169,545     $ 139,682  
Net income
    17,682       13,579  
Net income per share:
               
 
Basic
  $ 0.29     $ 0.25  
 
Diluted
  $ 0.27     $ 0.22  
Number of shares used in per share calculations:
               
 
Basic
    60,770,680       53,474,537  
 
Diluted
    65,645,757       60,622,040  
Note 8. Acquired Intangibles, net
      Acquired intangibles with finite lives as of December 31, 2004 are classified as follows:
                         
    As of December 31, 2004
     
        Weighted
        Average
    Gross       Remaining
    Carrying   Accumulated   Useful
    Amount   Amortization   Life
             
    (In thousands)
Existing technology
  $ 7,900     $ (314 )     5.3  Years  
Patent/ Core technology
    2,800       (111 )     5.4  Years  
Maintenance agreements and certain relationships
    400       (11 )     5.8  Years  
Customer relationships
    500       (21 )     3.8  Years  
                   
Total acquired intangibles
  $ 11,600     $ (457 )     5.2  Years  
                   
           
Aggregate amortization expense for the fiscal years (in thousands):
       
 
2004
  $ 457  
Estimated amortization expense for the fiscal years (in thousands):
       
 
2005
  $ 2,367  
 
2006
    2,367  
 
2007
    2,367  
 
2008
    2,067  
 
2009
    567  
 
Thereafter
    1,408  
       
Total estimated amortization expense
  $ 11,143  
       
      Prior to the acquisition of Safe3w and Mobile Automation in 2004, the Company had no acquired intangibles balances or expenses relating to the amortization of acquired intangibles.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
      The Company leases its facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through February 2010. Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2004 are as follows (in thousands):
           
Year ending December 31:
       
 
2005
  $ 3,799  
 
2006
    3,927  
 
2007
    4,055  
 
2008
    4,183  
 
2009
    4,311  
 
2010
    1,453  
       
    $ 21,728  
       
      Rent expense under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002 was $5,701,000, $4,349,000 and $4,210,000, respectively (net of sublease income of $111,000 and $415,000 in 2003 and 2002, respectively).
      As of December 31, 2004, the Company had minimum purchase commitments with network service providers that expire at various dates through 2006. Future minimum purchase commitments under all agreements are as follows (in thousands):
           
Year ending December 31:
       
 
2005
  $ 3,042  
 
2006
    208  
       
    $ 3,250  
       
Legal Actions
      On January 14, 2005, a lawsuit entitled Palumbo v. iPass, Inc., et al., Case No. C 05 228 MHP was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, purportedly on behalf of a class of investors who purchased the Company’s stock between April 22, 2004 and June 30, 2004. The complaint alleges claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. Several similar lawsuits were subsequently filed in the same court. The Company expects that all of the cases will be consolidated into a single action. This matter is at an early stage; no lead plaintiff has been selected, no response to the complaint has been filed, no discovery has taken place and no trial date has been set. The Company and the individual defendants intend to take all appropriate actions to defend the suit. We cannot estimate any possible loss at this time.
Note 10. 401(k) Plan
      Substantially all of the Company’s employees are eligible to participate in the Company’s 401(k) plan, which provides for discretionary Company matching contributions. There were no matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 or 2002.
Note 11. Income Taxes
      Income before income taxes includes net income from foreign operations of approximately $968,000, $736,000 and $245,000 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The provision for (benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 (in thousands):
                           
    2004   2003   2002
             
Current
                       
 
U.S. federal
  $ 584     $ 518     $  
 
State
    583       1,285       531  
 
Foreign
    187       207       75  
                   
      1,354       2,010       606  
Deferred
                       
 
U.S. federal
    9,371       7,451       (22,245 )
 
State
    1,471       (493 )     (2,054 )
                   
      10,842       6,958       (24,299 )
                   
 
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes
  $ 12,196     $ 8,968     $ (23,693 )
                   
      Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and net loss carryforwards. A partial valuation allowance was placed on the deferred tax assets relating to the net operating loss carryforwards obtained as a result of the acquisition of Safe3w and Mobile Automation in 2004. The components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 (in thousands):
                     
    2004   2003
         
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
 
Acquired intangibles
  $ (4,520 )   $  
             
Deferred tax assets:
               
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
    11,461       13,104  
 
Reserves and accruals
    3,293       3,082  
 
Other
    1,624       1,155  
             
   
Total deferred tax assets
    16,378       17,341  
             
Valuation allowance
    (3,216 )      
             
 
Net deferred tax assets
    13,162       17,341  
             
Total net deferred income tax assets
  $ 8,642     $ 17,341  
             

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the provision for (benefit from) income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax income before income taxes as a result of the following:
                         
    2004   2003   2002
             
Federal statutory rate
    34 %     34 %     34 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit
    6       2       6  
Foreign taxes
                1  
Amortization of stock-based compensation
    (1 )     6       14  
Research and development benefit
    (2 )     (3 )      
Other
    2             1  
Change in valuation allowance
                (447 )
                   
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
    39 %     39 %     (391 )%
                   
      As of December 31, 2004, the Company had cumulative net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state tax reporting purposes of approximately $11.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, which expire in various periods through 2021. Under current tax law, net operating loss carryforwards available in any given year may be limited upon the occurrence of certain events, including significant changes in ownership interest such as an IPO.
      As of December 31, 2002, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that it would realize all of the available net deferred income tax assets in the carry forward period of up to 19 years. As a result, the Company determined that it was no longer necessary or appropriate to maintain a valuation allowance, and accordingly, during the year ended December 31, 2002 recorded a benefit from income taxes of $24.3 million which is included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Note 12. Common Stock
Stock Option Plans
      In February 1997, the Company adopted the 1997 Stock Option Plan (1997 Plan). In June 1999, the Company adopted two option plans, the 1999 Stock Option Plan (1999 Plan) and the 1999 Interim Stock Option Plan (1999 Interim Plan). The 1997 Plan, the 1999 Plan, and the 1999 Interim Plan are collectively referred to as the Plans. Under the Plans, as amended, the Company is authorized to issue shares to employees, directors and consultants. The board of directors may grant incentive and nonqualified stock options to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. The exercise price per share for nonstatutory stock options cannot be less than 85% of the fair market value, as determined by the board of directors, on the date of grant. The exercise price per share for incentive stock options cannot be less than the fair market value, as determined by the board of directors on the date of grant. Options generally vest over a four-year period and generally expire 10 years after the date of grant. Certain options can be exercised prior to vesting in exchange for restricted stock. Should the option holder subsequently terminate employment prior to vesting, the Company has the right to repurchase unvested shares at the lower of original exercise price or fair value. At December 31, 2004, 635,113 shares of common stock were subject to repurchase at a weighted average exercise price of $0.50 per share.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      Stock option activity under the Plans for the three years ended December 31, 2004 is summarized below:
                           
    Shares       Weighted Average
    Available   Number   Exercise
    for Grant   of Shares   Price
             
Balance as of December 31, 2001
    1,614,664       9,783,296     $ 2.32  
 
Granted
    (1,800,000 )     1,800,000       0.83  
 
Exercised
          (3,240,697 )     0.52  
 
Cancelled
    1,334,281       (1,334,281 )     3.19  
                   
Balance as of December 31, 2002
    1,148,945       7,008,318       2.60  
 
Authorized
    8,859,026              
 
Granted
    (1,792,200 )     1,792,200       6.00  
 
Exercised
          (661,550 )     4.55  
 
Cancelled
    251,395       (251,395 )     2.79  
                   
Balance as of December 31, 2003
    8,467,166       7,887,573       3.46  
 
Authorized
    3,024,171              
 
Granted
    (4,497,933 )     4,497,933       6.10  
 
Exercised
          (1,885,253 )     2.75  
 
Cancelled
    385,267       (385,267 )     3.11  
                   
Balance at December 31, 2004
    7,378,671       10,114,986     $ 4.78  
                   
Exercisable as of December 31, 2002
            2,576,460     $ 3.75  
Exercisable as of December 31, 2003
            3,891,821     $ 3.45  
Exercisable as of December 31, 2004
            4,055,123     $ 3.83  
      The following table summarizes the options outstanding as of December 31, 2004:
                                         
    Options Outstanding        
         
        Weighted       Options Exercisable
        Average        
        Remaining   Weighted       Weighted
        Contractual   Average       Average
Exercise   Number   Life   Exercise   Number   Exercise
Prices   of Options   (Years)   Price   of Options   Price
                     
$0.06-1.50
    2,360,425       6.74     $ 0.66       1,444,084     $ 0.64  
$2.00-4.75
    2,450,903       5.46     $ 3.75       1,784,600     $ 4.12  
$5.05-5.35
    3,175,091       9.58     $ 5.26       234,465     $ 5.33  
$5.50-20.02
    2,128,567       8.04     $ 9.83       591,974     $ 10.13  
                               
      10,114,986       7.60     $ 4.78       4,055,123     $ 3.83  
                               
      As of December 31, 2004, 635,113 options ranging in exercise price from $0.50 to $0.85 were exercised and are currently unvested and subject to repurchase by the Company.
      The Company’s board of directors adopted the 2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the 2003 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2003 Non-employee Directors Plan on January 15, 2003.
Stock-Based Compensation
      The Company records stock-based compensation charges in the amount, if any, by which the option exercise price or the restricted stock purchase price is less than the deemed fair value of common stock at the

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
date of grant. Prior to the Company’s IPO, the Company’s board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock based upon several factors, including operating performance, issuances of convertible preferred stock, liquidation preferences of preferred stockholders, and valuations of other publicly-traded companies. The Company recorded deferred stock-based compensation totaling approximately $0, $5,836,000 and $2,300,000 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, that is being amortized on an accelerated basis over the corresponding vesting period, using the method outlined in FASB Interpretation No. 28. Deferred stock-based compensation was decreased by approximately $202,000, $282,000 and $572,000 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, due to forfeiture of accrued but unvested deferred stock-based compensation arising from the termination of employees. Amortization of deferred compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, was approximately $2,342,000, $4,069,000 and $2,765,000, respectively. Non-employee equity transactions were accounted for at fair value at each grant date pursuant to SFAS No. 123. The amount of deferred stock-based compensation expense to be recorded in future periods could decrease if options for which accrued but unvested compensation has been recorded are forfeited.
Note 13. Segment Information
      SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information establishes standards for the reporting by business enterprises of information about operating segments, products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The method for determining what information is reported is based on the way that management organizes the operating segments within the Company for making operational decisions and assessments of financial performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is considered to be the Company’s chief executive officer (CEO). The CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The consolidated financial information reviewed by the CEO is similar to the information presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of operations. Therefore, the Company has determined that it operates in a single reportable segment.
      International revenue is determined by the location of the customer’s headquarters. International revenue accounted for approximately 41%, 39% and 39% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. Revenues in the United Kingdom accounted for 11% of total revenues in 2004. No individual foreign country accounted for 10% or more of total revenues in 2003 or 2002.
      Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States.
Note 14. Net Income Per Common Share
      In accordance with SFAS 128, “Earnings Per Share,” basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted daily average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The weighted daily average number of shares of common stock excludes shares that have been exercised prior to vesting and are subject to repurchase by the company. As such, basic net income per share excludes 635,113, 1,467,190 and 2,271,651 shares subject to repurchase for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. These shares have been included in diluted net income per share to the extent that the inclusion of such shares is not anti-dilutive. Diluted net income per share is based upon the weighted daily average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period plus dilutive potential common shares, including stock options using the treasury-stock method and from convertible stock using the “if converted” method.

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iPASS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
      The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
                             
    For the Year Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002
             
Numerator:
                       
 
Net income
  $ 19,068     $ 13,902     $ 29,759  
                   
Denominator:
                       
 
Denominator for basic net income per common share
                       
   
Weighted average shares outstanding
    60,770,680       53,474,537       12,742,068  
 
Effect of dilutive securities:
                       
   
Preferred stock
                35,273,169  
   
Stock options
    4,875,077       7,147,503       3,835,170  
   
Warrants
                22,660  
 
Denominator for diluted net income per common share — adjusted
    65,645,757       60,622,040       51,873,067  
                   
Basic net income per common share
  $ 0.31     $ 0.26     $ 2.34  
                   
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 0.29     $ 0.23     $ 0.57  
                   
      The following potential shares of common stock have been excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share because the effect of including these shares would have been anti-dilutive:
                           
    For the Year Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002
             
Options to purchase common stock
    804,250       351,200       2,914,281  
Common stock subject to repurchase
                27,500  
Warrants
                535,601  
                   
 
Total
    804,250       351,200       3,477,382  
                   
      The weighted-average exercise price of options to purchase common stock excluded from the computation was $14.56, $18.12 and $5.30 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The weighted-average repurchase price of common stock excluded was $2.00 for the year ended December 31, 2002. The weighted-average exercise price of warrants excluded was $4.88 for the year ended December 31, 2002.
Note 15. Related Party Transactions
      During 2002, the Company entered into two full recourse notes receivable for $1,484,675 with two executive officers for the exercise of stock options. The notes as well as any accrued interest were paid in full during 2004.

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SIGNATURES
      Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  iPass Inc.
  By:  /s/ Donald C. McCauley
 
 
  Donald C. McCauley
  Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  (duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)
Date: March 15, 2005
POWER OF ATTORNEY
      KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Donald C. McCauley and Bruce K. Posey, and each or any one of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
      Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
             
Signature   Title   Date
         
 
/s/ KENNETH D. DENMAN
 
Kenneth D. Denman
  Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director   March 15, 2005
 
/s/ DONALD C. MCCAULEY
 
Donald C. McCauley
  Vice President, Finance, and Chief
Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
  March 15, 2005
 
/s/ FRANK E. VERDECANNA
 
Frank E. Verdecanna
  Vice President and
Corporate Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
  March 15, 2005
 
/s/ A. Gary Ames
 
A. Gary Ames
  Director   March 15, 2005
 
/s/ Cregg B. Baumbaugh
 
Cregg B. Baumbaugh
  Director   March 15, 2005

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Signature   Title   Date
         
 
/s/ John D. Beletic
 
John D. Beletic
  Director   March 15, 2005
 
/s/ Peter G. Bodine
 
Peter G. Bodine
  Director   March 15, 2005
 
/s/ Arthur C. Patterson
 
Arthur C. Patterson
  Director   March 15, 2005
 
/s/ Allan R. Spies
 
Allan R. Spies
  Director   March 15, 2005

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
         
Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
     
  2.1     Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 26, 2004 by and among iPass Inc., Montage Acquisition Corp., Mobile Automation, Inc. and David Strohm, as Stockholders’ Agent.
  3.1     Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.(1)
 
  3.2     Bylaws, as amended.(1)
 
  4.1     Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2.
 
  4.2     Specimen stock certificate.(1)
 
  10.1     2003 Equity Incentive Plan and form of related agreements, as amended.(1)
 
  10.2     2003 Non-Employee Directors Plan.(1)
 
  10.3     1999 Stock Option Plan and form of related agreements.(1)
 
  10.4     1997 Stock Option Plan and form of related agreements.(1)
 
  10.5     Interim 1999 Stock Option Plan.(1)
 
  10.6     Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement by and between the Registrant and Anurag Lal dated November 8, 1999.(1)
 
  10.7     2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of related agreements, as amended.(1)
 
  10.8     Lease Agreement, dated October 26, 1999 between Registrant and Westport Joint Venture (as amended).(1)
 
  10.9     Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement dated August 8, 2000 between Registrant, founders and holders of the Registrant’s Preferred Stock.(1)
 
  10.10     Form of Indemnity Agreement.(1)
 
  10.11     Employment Agreement, dated November 13, 2001 between Registrant and Kenneth D. Denman.(1)
 
  10.12     Form of Offer Letter to Executive Officers.(1)
 
  10.13     OEM Service Provider License Agreement, dated February 29, 2000, between RSA Security, Inc. and the Registrant, and amendments thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10.14     Support Agreement, dated February 29, 2000, by and between RSA Security, Inc. and the Registrant.(1)(3)
 
  10.15     Managed Data Network Services Agreement, dated September 17, 1996, between Equant, (formerly Scitor International Telecommunication Services, Inc.), and the Registrant, and amendments thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10.16     Loan and Security Agreement dated September 4, 2001 between Silicon Valley Bank and the Registrant and modifications thereto.(1)
 
  10.17     Internet Service Agreement dated April 25, 2001, by and between UUNET Technologies, Inc. and the Registrant, and amendment thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10.18     Virtual Internet Provider (VIP) Agreement dated January 9, 1997, by and between UUNET Technologies, Inc. and the Registrant and amendments thereto.(1)(3)
 
  10.19     Management Bonus Structure 2005 Plan (4)
 
  10.20     Outside Director Compensation Arrangement (5)
 
  10.21     Executive Officer Cash Compensation Arrangement (6)
 
  21.1     Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
 
  23.1     Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
  24.1     Power of Attorney.(reference is made to the signature page of this Form 10-K)
 
  31.1     Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  31.2     Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit    
Number   Description of Document
     
  32 .1   Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
  32 .2   Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
(1)  Previously filed as the like-numbered exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2003, as amended, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(2)  Previously filed as the like-numbered exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2003, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(3)  Confidential treatment has been grated for a portion of the exhibit. The information omitted pursuant to such confidential treatment order has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
(4)  Previously filed as the file-numbered exhibit on our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2005, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(5)  Previously disclosed under the caption “Compensation of Directors” in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2004, and incorporated by reference herein.
 
(6)  Previously disclosed under the caption “Compensation of Executive Officers” in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 2004, and incorporated by reference herein.

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