SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2004 |
or
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 000-50633
CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
94-3291317 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
|
280 East Grand Avenue South San Francisco, California (Address of principal executive offices) |
94080 (Zip Code)) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (650) 624-3000
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ
Number of shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2004: 28,341,744
CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2004
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EXHIBIT 10.46 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 10.47 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 10.48 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 10.49 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 10.50 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 10.51 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 10.52 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 31.1 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 31.2 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT 32 |
-2-
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 (1) |
|||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current Assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 19,775 | $ | 10,991 | ||||
Short-term investments |
91,327 | 24,197 | ||||||
Accounts receivable |
14 | 74 | ||||||
Related party receivable |
168 | 189 | ||||||
Prepaids and other current assets |
2,272 | 1,625 | ||||||
Total current assets |
113,556 | 37,076 | ||||||
Long-term investments |
10,441 | 7,857 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
7,505 | 8,870 | ||||||
Related party notes receivable |
1,146 | 1,146 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
5,523 | 7,199 | ||||||
Other assets |
755 | 725 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 138,926 | $ | 62,873 | ||||
Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders Equity (Deficit) |
||||||||
Current Liabilities |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 1,214 | $ | 1,589 | ||||
Related party accrued liabilities |
329 | | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
4,295 | 3,060 | ||||||
Short-term portion of equipment financing lines |
2,151 | 2,008 | ||||||
Short-term portion of deferred revenue |
2,800 | 2,800 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
10,789 | 9,457 | ||||||
Long-term portion of equipment financing lines |
7,664 | 8,075 | ||||||
Long-term portion of deferred revenue |
2,100 | 4,200 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
20,553 | 21,732 | ||||||
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value |
||||||||
Authorized: 37,300,000 shares in 2003 |
||||||||
Issued and outstanding: none in 2004 and 34,128,308 shares in 2003 |
| 133,172 | ||||||
Stockholders equity (deficit) |
||||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value: |
||||||||
Authorized: 120,000,000 shares |
||||||||
Issued and outstanding: 28,326,849 shares in 2004 and 2,307,258 shares in 2003 |
28 | 2 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
242,617 | 5,646 | ||||||
Deferred stock-based compensation |
(4,715 | ) | (3,651 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
(105 | ) | 46 | |||||
Deficit accumulated during the development stage |
(119,452 | ) | (94,074 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
118,373 | (92,031 | ) | |||||
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock
and stockholders equity (deficit) |
$ | 138,926 | $ | 62,873 | ||||
(1) | The condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2003 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
-3-
CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
Cumulative Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | from August 5, | ||||||||||||||||||
1997 to | ||||||||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | ||||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development revenues
from related party |
$ | 1,449 | $ | 1,867 | $ | 8,111 | $ | 5,759 | $ | 31,048 | ||||||||||
Research and development and grant
revenues |
300 | | 1,005 | 11 | 1,507 | |||||||||||||||
License revenues from related party |
700 | 700 | 2,100 | 2,100 | 9,100 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
2,449 | 2,567 | 11,216 | 7,870 | 41,655 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development (1) |
9,535 | 9,099 | 28,644 | 24,141 | 129,461 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative (1) |
3,569 | 2,176 | 8,716 | 7,339 | 36,852 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
13,104 | 11,275 | 37,360 | 31,480 | 166,313 | |||||||||||||||
Operating loss |
(10,655 | ) | (8,708 | ) | (26,144 | ) | (23,610 | ) | (124,658 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest and other income |
983 | 685 | 2,283 | 1,798 | 11,554 | |||||||||||||||
Interest and other expense |
(544 | ) | (646 | ) | (1,517 | ) | (1,722 | ) | (6,348 | ) | ||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (10,216 | ) | $ | (8,669 | ) | $ | (25,378 | ) | $ | (23,534 | ) | $ | (119,452 | ) | |||||
Net loss per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted |
$ | (0.36 | ) | $ | (4.51 | ) | $ | (1.50 | ) | $ | (12.48 | ) | ||||||||
Weighted-average number of shares
used in per share calculations: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted |
28,154,119 | 1,921,414 | 16,888,804 | 1,885,913 | ||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes the following stock
based compensation charges: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
$ | 366 | $ | 176 | $ | 914 | $ | 392 | $ | 1,822 | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
187 | 84 | 543 | 229 | 884 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 553 | $ | 260 | $ | 1,457 | $ | 621 | $ | 2,706 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
-4-
CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Cumulative Period | ||||||||||||
Nine Months Ended | from August 5, 1997 | |||||||||||
(date of inception) | ||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | to September 30, | ||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Operating activities |
||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (25,378 | ) | $ | (23,534 | ) | $ | (119,452 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used
in operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2,461 | 2,399 | 11,356 | |||||||||
Gain or loss on sale of property and equipment |
5 | (8 | ) | 307 | ||||||||
Gain on sale of investments |
| | (84 | ) | ||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
| | 191 | |||||||||
Non-cash proceeds from sale of property and equipment |
32 | 90 | 122 | |||||||||
Non-cash expense related to warrants issued for
equipment financing lines and facility lease |
| | 41 | |||||||||
Non-cash expense for acceleration of options |
| | 20 | |||||||||
Non-cash interest expense |
69 | 12 | 99 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
1,457 | 621 | 2,706 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable |
60 | 2 | (14 | ) | ||||||||
Related party receivable |
21 | (47 | ) | (319 | ) | |||||||
Prepaids and other current assets |
(716 | ) | (244 | ) | (1,937 | ) | ||||||
Accounts payable |
(396 | ) | (890 | ) | 1,193 | |||||||
Accrued liabilities |
1,235 | 211 | 4,480 | |||||||||
Related party accrued liabilities |
329 | | | |||||||||
Other assets |
(30 | ) | (136 | ) | (755 | ) | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
(2,100 | ) | (2,410 | ) | 4,900 | |||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(22,951 | ) | (23,934 | ) | (97,146 | ) | ||||||
Investing activities |
||||||||||||
Investment in restricted cash |
1,676 | (799 | ) | (5,523 | ) | |||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(1,112 | ) | (1,306 | ) | (19,292 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |
| | 24 | |||||||||
Issuance of notes receivable |
| | (1,146 | ) | ||||||||
Purchases of short-term and long-term investments |
(162,258 | ) | (54,172 | ) | (333,489 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments |
92,393 | 33,143 | 231,700 | |||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(69,301 | ) | (23,134 | ) | (127,726 | ) | ||||||
Financing activities |
||||||||||||
Repayment of equipment loan |
(1,575 | ) | (1,681 | ) | (5,771 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
101,322 | 74 | 102,174 | |||||||||
Repurchase of common stock |
(18 | ) | | (40 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock |
| 39,869 | 133,173 | |||||||||
Additional equipment loan taken |
1,307 | 1,677 | 15,111 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
101,036 | 39,939 | 244,647 | |||||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
8,784 | (7,129 | ) | 19,775 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
10,991 | 16,388 | | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
$ | 19,775 | $ | 9,259 | $ | 19,775 | ||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest |
$ | 323 | $ | 631 | $ | 2,032 | ||||||
Supplemental disclosure of significant non-cash
investing and financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Deferred stock-based compensation |
$ | 2,338 | $ | 3,125 | $ | 7,080 | ||||||
Penalty on restructuring |
$ | | $ | 240 | $ | 475 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
-5-
CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE)
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Overview
Cytokinetics, Incorporated (the Company) was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on August 5, 1997 to discover, develop and commercialize novel small molecule drugs specifically targeting the cytoskeleton. The Company has been primarily engaged in conducting research, developing drug candidates and product technologies.
The Company has funded its operations primarily through sales of common stock and convertible preferred stock, contract payments under its collaboration agreements, debt financing arrangements, government grants and interest income. On April 26, 2004 the Company effected a one for two reverse stock split. All share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split.
The Companys Registration Statement (SEC File No. 333-112261) for its initial public offering was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2004. The Companys common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market on April 29, 2004 under the trading symbol CYTK. The Company sold 7,935,000 shares of common stock in the offering, including shares that were issued upon the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option at $13.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $103.2 million. In connection with this offering, the Company paid underwriters commissions of $7.2 million and incurred offering expenses of $2.0 million. After deducting the underwriters commissions and the offering expenses, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $94.0 million from the offering. In addition, the Company entered into an agreement with an affiliate of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) to sell 538,461 shares of its common stock immediately prior to the closing of the initial public offering at a purchase price of $13.00 per share, for a total of approximately $7.0 million in net proceeds.
Prior to achieving profitable operations, the Company intends to fund operations through the additional sale of equity securities, payments from strategic collaborations, government grant awards and debt financing.
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that the management of the Company believes are necessary for fair presentation of the balances and results for the periods presented. These interim financial statement results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any future interim period.
-6-
The balance sheet at December 31, 2003 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. The financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared with the presumption that users of the interim financial statements have read or have access to the audited financial statements for the preceding fiscal year. Accordingly, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2004.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive gain (loss). Other comprehensive gain (loss) includes certain changes in stockholders equity (deficit) that are excluded from net loss. Specifically, unrealized gains and losses on the Companys investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss). Comprehensive loss and its components for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2004 and 2003 are as follows (in thousands):
September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||
2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | |||||||||||||
Net Loss |
$ | (10,216 | ) | $ | (8,669 | ) | $ | (25,378 | ) | $ | (23,534 | ) | ||||
Changes in
unrealized gain
(loss) on
investments |
(16 | ) | 17 | (151 | ) | 37 | ||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
$ | (10,232 | ) | $ | (8,652 | ) | $ | (25,529 | ) | $ | (23,497 | ) | ||||
Restricted Cash
As of September 30, 2004, the Company held bank certificates of deposit in the amount of $5.5 million. The deposits relate to a $5.3 million security pledge for equipment financings and $0.2 million to collateralize an officers loan. The restricted cash balance of $7.2 million as of December 31, 2003 was $1.7 million higher due to the higher security pledge for the Companys equipment financings.
Stock-based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB No. 25) and its related interpretations and the disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS No. 123) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, Transition and Disclosure an amendment of FAS 123 (SFAS No. 148). Under APB No. 25, compensation expense is based on the difference, if any, on the date of the stock option grant between the estimated fair value of the Companys common stock and the exercise price of the stock option.
For employee stock options granted prior to the Companys initial public offering in April 2004, the fair value for these options and the related purchase rights were estimated at the date of grant using the minimum value method. For employee stock options granted subsequent to the Companys initial public offering, the value is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively: risk free interest rates of 3.39% and 3.18%; 3.44% and 2.74%; volatility factors of the expected market price of the Companys common stock of 81.00% and 0.00%; no dividend yields; and weighted average expected life of the options of 5.0 years.
-7-
The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and net loss per share as if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 to stock-based employee compensation (in thousands, except per share data):
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Net loss, as reported |
$ | (10,216 | ) | $ | (8,669 | ) | $ | (25,378 | ) | $ | (23,534 | ) | ||||
Add: Stock-based employee compensation
expense included in reported net loss |
377 | 170 | 1,009 | 362 | ||||||||||||
Deduct: Total stock-based employee
compensation determined under fair value
based method for all awards |
(448 | ) | (199 | ) | (1,214 | ) | (400 | ) | ||||||||
Pro forma net loss |
$ | (10,287 | ) | (8,698 | ) | $ | (25,583 | ) | $ | (23,572 | ) | |||||
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted: |
||||||||||||||||
As reported |
$ | (0.36 | ) | $ | (4.51 | ) | $ | (1.50 | ) | $ | (12.48 | ) | ||||
Proforma |
$ | (0.37 | ) | $ | (4.53 | ) | $ | (1.51 | ) | $ | (12.50 | ) | ||||
Note 2. Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common shares, including outstanding options, common stock subject to repurchase, warrants and convertible preferred stock.
The following table sets forth the computation of the Companys basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended |
Nine Months Ended |
|||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (10,216 | ) | $ | (8,669 | ) | $ | (25,378 | ) | $ | (23,534 | ) | ||||
Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average shares of common
stock outstanding |
28,331 | 1,970 | 17,093 | 1,951 | ||||||||||||
Less: weighted-average shares
subject to repurchase |
(177 | ) | (49 | ) | (204 | ) | (65 | ) | ||||||||
Weighted-average shares used in
computing basic and diluted net
loss per share |
28,154 | 1,921 | 16,889 | 1,886 | ||||||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share |
$ | (0.36 | ) | $ | (4.51 | ) | $ | (1.50 | ) | $ | (12.48 | ) | ||||
-8-
Anti-Dilutive Securities
The following outstanding options, common stock subject to repurchase, warrants and convertible preferred stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share for the periods presented as their effect would be anti-dilutive in calculating net loss per share in the periods (in thousands):
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Convertible preferred stock (as if converted) |
| 17,100 | ||||||
Options to purchase common stock |
2,553 | 2,420 | ||||||
Common stock subject to repurchase |
154 | 45 | ||||||
Warrants to purchase common stock |
| 100 | ||||||
Warrants to purchase convertible preferred stock (as if converted) |
71 | 91 | ||||||
Total |
2,778 | 19,756 |
Note 3. Related Party Transactions
In August 2004, the Company entered into a written agreement with Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Portola). Charles J. Homcy, M.D., is the President and CEO of Portola and also sits on the Companys Board of Directors and is a consultant to the Company. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004, the Company expensed $329,000 and $999,000, respectively, for Portolas research and related services rendered on the Companys behalf. The accrued liability balance included $329,000 payable to Portola.
Note 4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On March 31, 2004, the FASB issued an Exposure Draft, Share-Based Payment An Amendment of FASB Statements No. 123 and 95 (proposed FAS 123R), which currently is expected to be effective for public companies in periods beginning after June 15, 2005. We would be required to implement the proposed standard no later than the quarter that begins July 1, 2005. The cumulative effect of adoption, if any, applied on a modified prospective basis, would be measured and recognized on July 1, 2005. The proposed FAS 123R addresses the accounting for transactions in which an enterprise received employee services in exchange for (a) equity instruments of the enterprise or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of the enterprises equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. The proposed FAS 123R would eliminate the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using APB 25, and generally would require instead that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value based method. As proposed, companies would be required to recognize an expense for compensation cost related to share-based payment arrangements including stock options and employee stock purchase plans. The FASB expects to issue a final standard by December 31, 2004. We are currently evaluating option valuation methodologies and assumptions in light of the proposed FAS 123R related to employee stock options. Current estimates of option values using the Black-Scholes method (as shown above) may not be indicative of results from valuation methodologies ultimately adopted in the final rules.
-9-
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this report. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods.
This document contains forward-looking statements that are based upon current expectations that are within the meaning of the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. It is our intent that such statements be protected by the safe harbor created thereby. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and our actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about or relating to: increasing, substantially or otherwise, losses, costs, expenses and expenditures; the initiation, progress, timing, scope and completion of preclinical research, development and clinical trials for our drug candidates and potential drug candidates; the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals; exercise of our options to co-fund the development of one or both of SB-715992 and SB-743921; our plans or ability to commercialize drugs, with or without a partner; market acceptance for drug candidates; our ability to establish, enforce and maintain selected strategic alliances and activities required for commercialization of our drug candidates; the sufficiency of existing resources to fund our operations over the next 21 months; expansion of our research and development programs and the scope and size of research and development efforts; potential competitors; our estimates of future performance; our estimates regarding anticipated operating losses, capital requirements and our needs for additional financing; future payments under lease obligation and equipment financing lines; expected future sources of revenue and capital; our plans to obtain limited product liability insurance; fluctuations in our stock price; dividends on our common stock and the role of retention of future earnings in our business; our efforts to comply with evolving corporate governance laws and regulations; protection of our intellectual property; maintenance of corporate governance and public disclosure standards; increasing the number of our employees and recruiting additional key personnel; the size and scope of our operations; the role of capital appreciation as the source of gain for investors in our common stock.
Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those risks and uncertainties relating to difficulties or delays in development, testing, regulatory approval, production and marketing of our drug candidates; delay in patient enrollment for our clinical trials; unexpected adverse side effects or inadequate therapeutic efficacy of our drug candidates that could slow or prevent product approval (including the risk that current and past results of clinical trials are not indicative of future results of clinical trials); the uncertainty of patent protection for our intellectual property or trade secrets; potential infringement of the intellectual property rights or trade secrets of third parties; activities and decisions, and market conditions affecting, current and future strategic partners and our ability to obtain additional financing if necessary. In addition such statements are subject to the risks and uncertainties discussed in the Risk Factors section and elsewhere in this document.
Overview
We are a leading biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of novel small molecule drugs specifically targeting the cytoskeleton. Employing our cell biology driven approach and proprietary technologies we believe we can enhance the speed, efficiency and yield of the drug discovery and development process. We have two drug candidates for the treatment of cancer, one of which is in Phase II clinical trials and the other which Phase I clinical trials.
We are also advancing a series of novel cardiac myosin activators, for the treatment of congestive heart failure, towards preclinical development and plan to put one of the compounds from this program into human clinical studies in 2005. In addition, we are pursuing more than ten research programs addressing a number of therapeutic areas.
Since our inception in August 1997, we have incurred significant net losses. As of September 30, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of $119.5 million. We expect to incur substantial and increasing losses for the next several years if:
| we conduct later-stage development and commercialization of SB715992 and SB743921; | |||
| we exercise our options to co-fund the development of one or both and co-promote these drug candidates under our strategic alliance with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK); | |||
| we advance a series of novel cardiac myosin activators toward preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of congestive heart failure, and other drug candidates through clinical trials; | |||
| we expand our research programs and further develop our proprietary drug discovery technologies; and | |||
| we elect to fund development or commercialization of any drug candidate. |
We intend to pursue selective strategic alliances to enable us to maintain financial and operational flexibility.
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Oncology
An international, 70 patient Phase II clinical trial for SB-715992 for the treatment of non small cell lung cancer commenced in the fourth quarter of 2003. Based on the current rate of site initiation and patient enrollment rates communicated to us by our partner GSK, data from the platinum sensitive arm of this study are expected in mid-2005 and data from the platinum refractory arm are expected later in 2005. In July 2004, GSK initiated an international, 55 patient Phase II monotherapy clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SB-715992 in the second or third line treatment of breast cancer patients. Based on the current rate of patient enrollment, interim data are expected during the second half of 2005, with final data expected to be available during the first half of 2006. GSK continued to enroll patients in a Phase Ib clinical trial in the United Kingdom that is evaluating the safety of this compound in combination with docetaxel. Additional Phase Ib combination therapy studies are also expected to begin in the coming months. Data from these studies are expected in 2005. The National Cancer Institute, in collaboration with GSK, will be initiating several Phase II and Phase I studies in the coming months which will further evaluate the efficacy of this compound in colorectal, head and neck, renal, hepatocellular, prostate, melanoma and hematological cancers. If these ongoing clinical trials produce favorable results, then clinical development of SB-715992 will be advanced. We expect that it will take several years before we can commercialize SB-715992. Accordingly, we cannot reasonably estimate when and to what extent SB-715992 will generate revenues or material net cash flows, which may vary widely depending on numerous factors, including the effectiveness and safety profile of the drug, market acceptance, then-prevailing reimbursement policies, competition and other market conditions. GSK funds the research and development costs associated with SB-715992 pursuant to our strategic alliance. We expect to determine whether and to what extent we will exercise our co-funding option during the conduct of our clinical trials for this drug candidate, taking into consideration clinical results and our business, finances and prospects at that time. If we exercise our option to co-fund certain later stage development activities associated with SB-715992, our expenditures relating to research and development of this drug candidate will increase significantly.
GSK continued to enroll patients in a dose-escalating Phase I study evaluating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of SB-743921, a second kinesin spindle protein inhibitor, in advanced cancer patients. We anticipate the enrollment will be completed in the first half of 2005, with data expected to be available shortly thereafter. The clinical trial program for SB-743921 will proceed for several years, and we will not be in a position to generate any revenues or material net cash flows from the drug candidate until the program is successfully completed, regulatory approval is achieved and a drug is commercialized. SB-743921 is at too early a stage of development for us to predict when this may occur. GSK funds the research and development costs associated with SB-743921. If we exercise our option to co-fund certain later-stage development activities associated with SB-743921, our expenditures relating to research and development of this drug candidate will increase significantly.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2004, GSK advanced another mitotic kinesin target forward in collaborative research, triggering a pre-defined milestone payment of $250,000 to the Company.
Cardiovascular
We are advancing a series of novel cardiac myosin activators, for the treatment of congestive heart failure, towards preclinical development. Previously, we announced that we expected to file an IND application to begin clinical trials to evaluate one such compound, CK-1213296, in the treatment of congestive heart failure in the second half of 2004. In recent months, however, our scientists have identified certain pre-clinical issues with this specific compound that require further characterization and that will contribute to a delay in the expected start of these human studies. Furthermore, more recently, our scientists
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have synthesized and optimized several other cardiac myosin activators that may have more attractive properties than CK-1213296. We have decided to evaluate the newer compounds in comparison with CK-1213296 and we plan to put one of the compounds from this program into human clinical studies in 2005 rather than 2004. As with our drug candidates in our other programs, the compounds in our congestive heart failure program are at too early a stage of development for us to predict if and when we will be in a position to generate any revenues or material net cash flows from any of them. The company is discontinuing negotiations with a potential partner for our cardiac myosin activator program in favor of a current plan to pursue both the acute and chronic congestive heart failure indications. We currently fund all research and development costs associated with this program. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 and the comparable periods in 2003, we incurred costs of approximately $3.3 million, $10.9 million, $3.3 million and $8.7 million, respectively, for research and development activities relating to our congestive heart failure program. We anticipate that our expenditures relating to research and development of compounds in our congestive heart failure program will increase significantly as we advance candidates from such program into clinical development.
The successful development of our drug candidates is highly uncertain. We cannot estimate with certainty or know the exact nature, timing and estimated costs of the efforts necessary to complete the development of our drug candidates or the date of completion of these development efforts. We cannot estimate with certainty any of the foregoing due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing our drug candidates, including:
| the uncertainty of the timing of the initiation and completion of patient enrollment in our pivotal Phase II clinical trials; | |||
| the possibility of delays in the collection of clinical trial data and the uncertainty of the timing of the interim analyses of our pivotal Phase II clinical trials after such trials have been initiated and completed; | |||
| the possibility of delays in characterization, synthesis, and optimization of potential drug candidates in our cardiovascular program; | |||
| the uncertainty of clinical trial results; | |||
| extensive governmental regulation, both foreign and domestic, for approval of new therapies; and | |||
| the uncertainty related to the completion of construction and qualification of a commercial scale manufacturing facility. |
If we fail to complete the development of our drug candidates in a timely manner, it could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial position and liquidity. In addition, any failure by us to obtain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. A further discussion of the risks and uncertainties associated with completing our programs on schedule, or at all, and certain consequences of failing to do so are set forth in the risk factors entitled We have never generated, and may never generate, revenues from commercial sales of our drugs and we may not have drugs to market for several years, if ever, Clinical trials may fail to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our drug candidates, which could prevent or significantly delay completion of clinical development and regulatory approval and Clinical trials are expensive, time consuming and subject to delay, as well as other risk factors.
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To date we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities, non-equity payments from GSK and AstraZeneca, capital lease financings, interest on investments and government grants. We received net proceeds from the sale of equity securities of $94.0 million upon the closing of the initial public offering of our common shares in May 2004, $39.9 million in 2003, $13.8 million in 2001, $54.9 million in 2000, $19.3 million in 1999 and $5.3 million in 1998. Under our strategic alliance with GSK, in 2001 GSK made a $14.0 million upfront cash payment and an initial $14.0 million investment in our equity. On May 3, 2004, an affiliate of GSK made a $7.0 million investment in our equity. GSK has also committed to reimburse full time equivalents, or FTEs, through the end of the minimum five-year research term of the strategic alliance, and to make additional payments upon the achievement of certain precommercialization milestones. As of September 30, 2004 we have received $21.9 million in FTE reimbursement and $6.5 million in milestone payments from GSK. As of September 30, 2004 we have received $974,000 in FTE reimbursement from our strategic alliance with AstraZeneca. We received $1.3 million, $2.0 million, $6.4 million, $3.5 million, $0.6 million and $1.3 million under equipment financing arrangements in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and years ending December 31, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, and 1999 respectively. Interest earned on investments in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 and the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000 and 1999 was $1.0 million $2.2 million, $2.3 million, $2.2 million, $3.1 million, $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Grant revenues were $0.0 million, $0.1 million, $0.0 million $0.1 million, and $0.3 million in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 and the years ended 2003, 2002, and 2001, respectively. GSK also has the contractual right to reduce the funding of our FTEs at their discretion, subject to certain agreed minimum levels, in the beginning of a contract year based on the activities of the agreed upon research plan. GSK has agreed to fund worldwide development and commercialization of drug candidates arising from our strategic alliance. We will earn royalties from sales of any resulting drugs. We retain a product-by-product option to co-fund certain later-stage development activities, thereby potentially increasing our royalties and affording co-promotion rights in North America. In the event we exercise our co-promotion option, we are entitled to receive reimbursement from GSK for certain sales force costs we incur in support of our commercial activities.
Recent Developments
Our Registration Statement (SEC File No. 333-112261) for our initial public offering was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2004. Our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market on April 29, 2004 under the trading symbol CYTK. We sold 7,935,000 shares of common stock in the offering, including shares that were issued upon the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option at $13.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $103.2 million. In connection with this offering we paid underwriters commissions of $7.2 million and incurred offering expenses of $2.0 million. After deducting the underwriters commissions and the offering expenses, we received net proceeds of approximately $94.0 million from the offering. In addition, we entered into an agreement with an affiliate of GSK to sell 538,461 shares of our common stock immediately prior to the completion of the initial public offering at a purchase price of $13.00 per share, for a total of approximately $7.0 million in net proceeds.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2004 and September 30, 2003
Revenues
Collaborative research and development revenue was $2.4 million and $11.2 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004, compared to $2.6 million and $7.9 million for the comparable
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periods in 2003. For the three months ended September 30, 2004, the $0.5 million decrease in revenues resulting from the contractually pre-defined reduction in FTE sponsorship by GSK was partially offset by a $0.3 million increase from our collaboration agreement with AstraZeneca, when compared to the same period in 2003. The increase in revenue of $3.3 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2004, when compared to the same period in 2003, was due to the revenues from our collaboration agreement with AstraZeneca and GSK milestones earned in January and July 2004.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 increased to $9.5 million and $28.6 million, from $9.1 million and $24.1 million for the comparable 2003 periods. The increase in expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2004, as compared to the same period in 2003, is primarily attributable to increased expenses of $0.1 million related to outsourced contracting services, increased non-cash stock based compensation expense of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in overhead allocation. The increase in expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 was primarily attributable to the addition of research and development personnel and associated administrative expenses of $0.4 million, increased expenses of $2.4 million related to outsourced contracting services, non-cash stock based compensation expense of $0.5 million, and a $1.0 million increase in overhead allocation. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004, we incurred costs of $1.9 million and $5.0 million for research and development activities relating to the discovery of mitotic kinesin inhibitors, $3.3 million and $10.9 million for our congestive heart failure program, $2.0 million and $6.4 million for PUMA system and Cytometrix technologies and $2.4 million and $6.3 million for all other programs, respectively. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2003, we incurred costs of $1.5 million and $4.9 million, $3.3 million and $8.7 million, $1.8 million and $6.4 million and $2.5 million and $4.1 million, respectively, for the same research and development activities. We expect research and development expenses to increase in future periods if we exercise our option to co-fund certain later-stage research and development activities relating to SB-715992 and SB-743921, advance research and development of our cardiac myosin activators for the treatment of congestive heart failure and pursue our current plan to put one of these cardiac myosin activator compounds into clinical trials in 2005.
We expect to expand the scope of our research and development programs in future periods which may result in substantial increases in research and development expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 increased to $3.6 million and $8.7 million, from $2.2 million and $7.3 million for the comparable periods in 2003. The change in expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 is primarily attributable to additional general and administrative personnel expenses of $0.4 million, increased expenses of $0.9 million related to outsourced contracting services, and increased non-cash stock based compensation of $0.1 million. The increase in expense for the 2004 nine month period as compared to the 2003 period was primarily attributable to increased expenses of $1.2 million related to outsourced contracting services. We expect that general and administrative costs will increase in future periods as a result of increasing payroll, support of our initial commercialization efforts, business development costs, expanding operational infrastructure, and the costs associated with being a public company.
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Interest and Other Income and Expense
Interest and other income was $1.0 million and $2.3 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 as compared to $0.7 million and $1.8 million for the comparable 2003 periods. The increase in the 2004 periods as compared to the 2003 periods was primarily due to an increase in the average cash and cash equivalents balance, and higher interest yields. Interest and other expense was $0.5 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 as compared to $0.6 million and $1.7 million for the comparable 2003 periods. The decrease in interest expense was primarily the result of restructuring our equipment financings.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, our primary sources of funds have been the sale of equity securities, equipment financings, non-equity payments from collaborators, government grants, and interest income. Combined cash, cash equivalents, and investments (both current and non-current and restricted cash) total $127.1 million at September 30, 2004, an increase of $76.9 million from December 31, 2003. This increase was primarily due to the $94.0 million net proceeds from our initial public offering and approximately $7.0 million provided by other financing activities. These proceeds were reduced by $23.0 million used to fund operations. Our restricted cash totaled $5.5 million at September 30, 2004 and $7.2 million at December 31, 2003.
We sold 7,935,000 shares of common stock in our initial public offering, including shares that were issued upon the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option at $13.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $103.2 million. In connection with this offering we paid underwriters commissions of $7.2 million and incurred offering expenses of $2.0 million. After deducting the underwriters commissions and the offering expenses, we received net proceeds of approximately $94.0 million from the offering. In addition, the Company entered into an agreement with an affiliate of GSK to sell 538,461 shares of our common stock immediately prior to the completion of the initial public offering at a purchase price of $13.00 per share, for a total of approximately $7.0 million in net proceeds.
As of September 30, 2004, future minimum payments under current lease obligations and equipment financing lines are as follows (in thousands):
Within | One to | Four to | After | |||||||||||||||||
one year |
three years |
five years |
five years |
Total |
||||||||||||||||
Operating leases |
$ | 1,702 | $ | 3,128 | $ | 3,074 | $ | 6,030 | $ | 13,934 | ||||||||||
Equipment financing lines |
2,151 | 4,591 | 3,073 | | 9,815 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 3,853 | $ | 7,719 | $ | 6,147 | $ | 6,030 | $ | 23,749 | |||||||||||
Our long-term commitments under operating leases shown above consists of payments relating to our facility lease in South San Francisco, California, which expires in 2013. We have investigated additional office space expansion opportunities to support our administrative, research and development requirements
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beyond the year 2004 as we expect that by executing our strategy, we will require additional space. However, as of September 30, 2004, we have made no binding commitments to access any additional lease space.
We expect to incur substantial costs as we continue to expand our research programs and related research and development activities. Under the terms of our strategic alliance with GSK, we have options to co-fund certain later-stage development activities for SB-715992 and SB-743921. If we exercise an option, our research and development expenses will increase significantly. We expect to determine whether and to what extent we will exercise our co-funding option based on clinical results and our business, finances and prospects at the time we receive the results. Research and development expenses for our unpartnered drug discovery programs consist primarily of employee compensation, supplies and materials, costs for consultants and contract research and development, facilities costs and depreciation of equipment. We expect to incur significant research and development expenses as we advance our research and development of our cardiac myosin activators for the treatment of congestive heart failure, pursue our current plan to put one of these cardiac myosin activator compounds into human clinical trials in 2005, pursue more than ten research programs in multiple therapeutic areas and develop our PUMA system, Cytometrix technologies and other proprietary drug discovery technologies.
Our future capital uses and requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors include but are not limited to the following:
| the initiation, progress, timing, scope and completion of preclinical research, development, and clinical trials for our drug candidates and potential drug candidates; | |||
| the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals; | |||
| delays that may be caused by evolving requirements of regulatory agencies; | |||
| the number of drug candidates we pursue; | |||
| the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and enforcing or defending patent claims; | |||
| our options to co-fund the development of one or both of SB-715992 and SB-743921; | |||
| the level of funding that we may provide for other current or future drug candidates, including a potential drug candidate for the treatment of congestive heart failure; | |||
| our plans or ability to establish sales, marketing or manufacturing capabilities and to achieve market acceptance for potential drugs; | |||
| our ability to establish, enforce and maintain selected strategic alliances and activities required for commercialization of our potential drugs; | |||
| the acquisition of technologies, products and other business opportunities that require financial commitments; | |||
| our revenues, if any, from successful development of our drug candidates and commercialization of potential drugs; | |||
| expanding and advancing our research programs; |
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| the hiring of additional employees and consultants; and | |||
| expanding our facilities. |
We believe that our existing cash resources, future payments from GSK and AstraZeneca, proceeds from equipment financings and interest earned on investments will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next 21 months. If, at any time, our prospects for internally financing our research programs decline, we may decide to reduce research and development expenses by delaying, discontinuing or reducing our funding of development of one or more of our drug candidates or potential drug candidates. Alternatively, we might raise funds through public or private financings, strategic relationships or other arrangements. We cannot assure you that the funding, if needed, will be available on attractive terms, or at all. Furthermore, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. Similarly, financing obtained through future co-development arrangements may require us to forego certain commercial rights to future drug candidates. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.
As of September 30, 2004, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. Therefore, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships. We do not have relationships or transactions with persons or entities that derive benefits from their non-independent relationship with us or our related parties.
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RISK FACTORS
Our future operating results may vary substantially from anticipated results due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. The following discussion highlights some of these factors and the possible impact of these factors on future results of operations. You should carefully consider these factors before making an investment decision. If any of the following factors actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the price of our common stock could decline, and you could experience losses on your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our initial drug candidates are in the early stages of clinical testing and we have a history of significant losses and may not achieve or sustain profitability and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.
Our initial drug candidates are in the early stages of clinical testing and we must conduct significant additional clinical trials before we can seek the regulatory approvals necessary to begin commercial sales of our drugs. We have incurred operating losses in each year since our inception in 1997 due to costs incurred in connection with our research and development activities and general and administrative costs associated with our operations. We expect to incur increasing losses for several years, as we continue our research activities and conduct development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our initial drug candidates, and commercialize any approved drugs. If our initial drug candidates fail in clinical trials or do not gain regulatory approval, or if our drugs do not achieve market acceptance, we will not be profitable. If we fail to become and remain profitable, or if we are unable to fund our continuing losses, you could lose all or part of your investment.
We have never generated, and may never generate, revenues from commercial sales of our drugs and we may not have drugs to market for several years, if ever.
We currently have no drugs for sale and we cannot guarantee that we will ever have marketable drugs. We must demonstrate that our drug candidates satisfy rigorous standards of safety and efficacy before the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and other regulatory authorities in the United States and abroad. We and our partners will need to conduct significant additional research, preclinical testing and clinical testing, before we or our partners can file applications with the FDA for approval of our drug candidates. In addition, to compete effectively, our drugs must be easy to use, cost-effective and economical to manufacture on a commercial scale. We may not achieve any of these objectives. SB-715992, our most advanced drug candidate for the treatment of cancer, and SB-743921 are currently our only drug candidates in clinical trials and we cannot be certain that the clinical development of these or any other drug candidate in preclinical testing or clinical development will be successful, that they will receive the regulatory approvals required to commercialize them, or that any of our other research programs will yield a drug candidate suitable for entry into clinical trials. Our commercial revenues, if any, will be derived from sales of drugs that we do not expect to be commercially available for several years, if at all. SB-743921, our cancer drug candidate, entered Phase I clinical trials in May 2004. The development of one or both of these drug candidates may be discontinued at any stage of our clinical trials programs and we may not generate revenue from either of these drug candidates.
We have funded all of our operations and capital expenditures with proceeds from both private and public sales of our equity securities and strategic alliances with GSK, AstraZeneca and others. We believe that our existing cash resources, future payments from GSK and AstraZeneca, proceeds from equipment
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financings, and interest earned on investments will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next 21 months. To meet our future cash requirements, we may raise funds through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or strategic alliances. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional dilution. To the extent that we raise additional funds through debt financing, if available, such financing may involve covenants that restrict our business activities. To the extent that we raise additional funds through strategic alliance and licensing arrangements, we will likely have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, research programs or drug candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. However, we cannot assure you that any such funding, if needed, will be available on attractive terms, or at all.
Clinical trials may fail to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our drug candidates, which could prevent or significantly delay completion of clinical development and regulatory approval.
Prior to receiving approval to commercialize any of our drug candidates, we must demonstrate with substantial evidence from well-controlled clinical trials, and to the satisfaction of the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and abroad, that such drug candidate is both safe and effective. Before we can commence clinical trials, we must demonstrate through preclinical studies satisfactory product chemistry, formulation, stability and toxicity levels in order to file an IND to commence clinical trials. In clinical trials we will need to demonstrate efficacy for the treatment of specific indications and monitor safety throughout the clinical development process. To date, long-term safety and efficacy have not yet been demonstrated in clinical trials for any of our drug candidates, and satisfactory chemistry, formulation, stability and toxicity levels have not yet been demonstrated for our drug candidates that are currently the subject of preclinical studies. Through our strategic alliance, GSK is currently conducting a Phase II clinical trial to test the safety and efficacy of SB-715992 in non-small cell lung cancer. GSK also initiated a second Phase II clinical trial for SB-715992 in the United States for the treatment of breast cancer in July 2004. GSK initiated a Phase Ib clinical trial for SB-715992 in combination with docetaxel in the United Kingdom in June 2004. Additional Phase II and Phase Ib clinical trials for SB-715992 are scheduled to commence throughout the remainder of 2004 and early 2005. In addition a Phase I clinical trial for SB-743921 commenced in May 2004. We are currently conducting research and preclinical studies with respect to novel cardiac myosin activators for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Pending the satisfactory completion of such studies, we currently plan to file an IND and initiate Phase I clinical trials for one of these compounds in 2005. As with our other drug candidates, these cardiac myosin activators are at too early a stage of development for us to predict if and when we will be in a position to generate any revenues or material net cash flows from the drug candidate. If these preclinical studies, clinical trials or future clinical trials are unsuccessful, our business and reputation would be harmed and our stock price would be negatively affected.
All of our drug candidates are prone to the risks of failure inherent in drug development. Preclinical studies may not yield results that would satisfactorily support the filing of an IND with respect to our drug candidates, and, even if INDs are or have been filed with respect to our drug candidates, the results of preclinical studies and early-stage clinical trials of our drug candidates do not necessarily predict the results of later-stage clinical trials. Drug candidates in later-stage clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy profile despite having progressed through initial clinical trials. Even if we believe the data collected from clinical trials of our drug candidates are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support approval by the FDA or any other United States or foreign regulatory approval. Preclinical and clinical data can be interpreted in different ways. Accordingly, FDA officials could interpret the data in different ways than we or our partners do, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Administering any of our drug candidates that are the subject of preclinical studies to animals may produce undesirable toxicities. These toxicities could delay or prevent the filing of an IND with respect to such drug candidates. In clinical trials, administering any of our drug candidates to humans may produce undesirable side effects. These side effects could interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials of our drug candidates and could result in the FDA or other
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regulatory authorities denying approval of our drug candidates for any or all targeted indications. The FDA, other regulatory authorities, our partners or we may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time. Any failure or significant delay in completing preclinical studies or clinical trials for our drug candidates, or in receiving regulatory approval for the sale of any drugs resulting from our drug candidates, may severely harm our business and reputation.
Clinical trials are expensive, time consuming and subject to delay.
Clinical trials are very expensive and difficult to design and implement, especially in the cancer and congestive heart failure indications that we are pursuing, in part because they are subject to rigorous requirements. The clinical trial process is also time consuming. According to industry sources, the entire drug development and testing process takes on average 12 to 15 years. According to industry studies, the fully capitalized resource cost of new drug development is approximately $800 million, however, individual trials and individual drug candidates may incur a range of costs above or below this average. We estimate that clinical trials of our most advanced drug candidates will continue for several years, but may take significantly longer to complete. The commencement and completion of our clinical trials could be delayed or prevented by several factors, including:
| delays in reaching agreement and obtaining regulatory approvals to commence a study; | |||
| delays in identifying and reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical trial sites; | |||
| slower than expected rates of patient recruitment and enrollment; | |||
| lack of effectiveness during clinical trials; | |||
| unforeseen safety issues; | |||
| uncertain dosing issues; | |||
| inability to monitor patients adequately during or after treatment; and | |||
| inability or unwillingness of medical investigators to follow our clinical protocols. |
We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, if at all. Significant delays in clinical trials will impede our ability to commercialize our drug candidates and generate revenue and could significantly increase our development costs.
We depend on GSK for the conduct, completion and funding of the clinical development and commercialization of our current drug candidates for the treatment of cancer.
Under our strategic alliance with GSK, GSK is currently responsible for the clinical development and regulatory approval of SB-715992 and SB-743921. GSK is responsible for filing applications with the FDA or other regulatory authorities for approval of these drug candidates, and will be the owner of any marketing approvals issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. If the FDA or other regulatory authorities approve these drug candidates, GSK will also be responsible for the marketing and sale of these drugs. Because GSK is responsible for these functions, we cannot control whether GSK will devote sufficient attention and resources to the clinical trials program or will proceed in an expeditious manner. Under certain
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circumstances, GSK has discretion to elect whether to pursue the development of our drug candidates or to abandon the clinical trial programs, and, after June 20, 2006, GSK may terminate our strategic alliance for any reason upon nine months prior notice. Disputes may arise between us and GSK, which may delay or cause termination of the clinical trials program, result in significant litigation or arbitration, or cause GSK to act in a manner that is not in our best interest. If development of our drug candidates does not progress for these or any other reasons, we would not receive further milestone payments from GSK. GSK also has the contractual right to reduce the funding of our FTEs at their discretion, subject to certain agreed minimum levels, in the beginning of a contract year based on the activities of the agreed upon research plan. Even if the FDA or other regulatory agencies approve one or more of our drug candidates, GSK may elect not to proceed with the commercialization of such drugs, or may elect to pursue commercialization of one drug but not others. In such event, we would have to undertake and fund the clinical development of our drug candidates or commercialization of our drugs, seek a new partner for clinical development or commercialization, or curtail or abandon the clinical development or commercialization programs. If we were unable to do so on acceptable terms, or at all, our business would be harmed, and the price of our common stock would be negatively affected.
If we fail to enter into and maintain successful strategic alliances for certain of our drug candidates, we may have to reduce or delay our drug candidate development or increase our expenditures.
Our strategy for developing, manufacturing and commercializing certain of our drug candidates currently requires us to enter into and successfully maintain strategic alliances with pharmaceutical companies or other industry participants to advance our programs and reduce our expenditures on each program. We have formed a strategic alliance with GSK with respect to SB-715992, SB-743921 and certain other research activities. However, we may not be able to negotiate additional strategic alliances on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are not able to maintain our existing strategic alliances or establish and maintain additional strategic alliances, we may have to limit the size or scope of, or delay, one or more of our drug development programs or research programs or undertake and fund these programs ourselves. If we elect to increase our expenditures to fund drug development programs or research programs on our own, we will need to obtain additional capital, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.
The success of our strategic alliances depends in part on the performance of our partners, over which we have little or no control.
Our ability to commercialize drugs that we develop with our partners and generate royalties from product sales depends on our partners abilities to assist us in establishing the safety and efficacy of our drug candidates, obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals and achieving market acceptance of the drugs once commercialized. Our partners may elect to delay or terminate development of one or more drug candidates, independently develop drugs that could compete with ours, or fail to commit sufficient resources to the marketing and distribution of drugs developed through their strategic alliances with us. If our partners fail to perform as we expect, our potential for revenue from drugs developed through our strategic alliances with them could be dramatically reduced.
Our focus on the discovery of drug candidates directed against specific proteins and pathways within the cytoskeleton is unproven, and we do not know whether we will be able to develop any drug candidates of commercial value.
Our focus on drug discovery and development directed at the cytoskeleton is novel and unique to us. While a number of commonly used drugs and a growing body of research validate the importance of the cytoskeleton in the origin and progression of a number of diseases, no existing drugs specifically and directly
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interact with the cytoskeletal proteins and pathways that our drug candidates seek to modulate. As a result, we cannot be certain that our drug candidates will appropriately modulate targeted cytoskeletal proteins and pathways or produce commercially viable drugs that safely and effectively treat cancer, congestive heart failure and potentially other diseases. In addition, if we are successful in developing and receiving regulatory approval for a commercially viable drug for the treatment of one disease focused on the cytoskeleton, we cannot be certain that we will also be able to develop and receive regulatory approval for drug candidates for the treatment of other forms of that disease or other diseases. If we or our partners fail to develop and commercialize viable drugs, we will not achieve commercial success.
Our proprietary rights may not adequately protect our technologies and drug candidates.
Our commercial success will depend in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our technologies and drug candidates as well as successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. We will only be able to protect our technologies and drug candidates from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets cover them. Furthermore, the degree of future protection of our proprietary rights is uncertain because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage.
The patent positions of life sciences companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in such companies patents has emerged to date in the United States. The patent situation outside the United States is even more uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States or other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or in third-party patents. For example:
| we or our licensors might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications and issued patents; | |||
| we or our licensors might not have been the first to file patent applications for these inventions; | |||
| others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies; | |||
| it is possible that none of our pending patent applications or the pending patent applications of our licensors will result in issued patents; | |||
| our issued patents and issued patents of our licensors may not provide a basis for commercially viable drugs, or may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be challenged and invalidated by third parties; | |||
| we may not develop additional proprietary technologies or drug candidates that are patentable; or | |||
| the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business. |
We also rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, especially where we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. While we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our or our strategic partners employees, consultants, contractors, or scientific and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to
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competitors. If we were to enforce a claim that a third party had illegally obtained and was using our trade secrets, our enforcement efforts would be expensive and time consuming, and the outcome would be unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets. Moreover, if our competitors independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how, it will be more difficult for us to enforce our rights and our business could be harmed.
If we are not able to defend the patent or trade secret protection position of our technologies and drug candidates, then we will not be able to exclude competitors from developing or marketing competing drugs, and we may not generate enough revenue from product sales to justify the cost of development of our drugs and to achieve or maintain profitability.
If we are sued for infringing intellectual property rights of third parties, such litigation will be costly and time consuming, and an unfavorable outcome would have a significant adverse effect on our business.
Our ability to commercialize drugs depends on our ability to sell such drugs without infringing the patents or other proprietary rights of third parties. Numerous United States and foreign issued patents and pending applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the areas that we are exploring. In addition, because patent applications can take several years to issue, there may be currently pending applications, unknown to us, which may later result in issued patents that our drug candidates may infringe. There could also be existing patents of which we are not aware that our drug candidates may inadvertently infringe.
In particular, we are aware of an issued United States patent and at least one pending United States patent application assigned to Curis, Inc. relating to certain compounds in the quinazolinone class. SB-715992 falls into this class of compounds. The Curis patent claims a method of use for inhibiting signaling by what is called the hedgehog pathway using certain such compounds. We are also aware that Curis has pending applications in Europe, Japan, Australia and Canada with claims covering compositions of certain quinazolinone compounds. We are also aware that one of these European application is proceeding to grant. Curis or a third party may assert that the sale of SB-715992 may infringe one or more of these or other patents. We believe that we have valid defenses against the Curis patents if asserted against SB-715992. Moreover, the grant of the European patent may be opposed by one or more parties. However, we cannot guarantee that a court would find such defenses valid or that such opposition would be successful. We have not attempted to obtain a license to this patent. If we decide to obtain a license to this patent, we cannot guarantee that we would be able to obtain such a license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
In addition, we are aware of various issued United States patents and pending United States and foreign patent applications assigned to Cellomics, Inc. relating to an automated method for analyzing cells. One of these applications has granted in Europe. Cellomics or a third party may assert that our Cytometrix technologies fall within the scope of, and thus infringe, one or more of these patents. We have received a letter from Cellomics notifying us that Cellomics believes we may be practicing one or more of their patents and that Cellomics offers a use license for such patents through its licensing program. We believe that we have valid defenses to such an assertion. Moreover, the grant of the European patent may be opposed by one or more parties. However, we cannot guarantee that a court would find such defenses valid or that such opposition would be successful. If we decide to obtain a license to these patents, we cannot guarantee that we would be able to obtain such a license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
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If a third party claims that we infringe on their patents or other proprietary rights, we could face a number of issues that could seriously harm our competitive position, including:
| infringement and other intellectual property claims which, with or without merit, can be costly and time consuming to litigate and can delay the regulatory approval process and divert managements attention from our core business strategy; | |||
| substantial damages for past infringement which we may have to pay if a court determines that our drugs or technologies infringe upon a competitors patent or other proprietary rights; | |||
| a court prohibiting us from selling or licensing our drugs or technologies unless the holder licenses the patent or other proprietary rights to us, which it is not required to do; and | |||
| if a license is available from a holder, we may have to pay substantial royalties or grant cross licenses to our patents or other proprietary rights. |
To the extent we elect to fund the development of a drug candidate or the commercialization of a drug at our expense, we will need substantial additional funding.
The discovery, development and commercialization of novel small molecule drugs focused on the cytoskeleton for the treatment of a wide array of diseases is costly. As a result, to the extent we elect to fund the development of a drug candidate or the commercialization of a drug at our expense, we will need to raise additional capital to:
| expand our research and development and technologies; | |||
| fund clinical trials and seek regulatory approvals; | |||
| build or access manufacturing and commercialization capabilities; | |||
| implement additional internal systems and infrastructure; | |||
| maintain, defend and expand the scope of our intellectual property; and | |||
| hire additional management and scientific personnel. | |||
Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including: | ||||
| the rate of progress and cost of our clinical trials and other research and development activities; | |||
| the costs associated with establishing manufacturing and commercialization capabilities; | |||
| the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights; | |||
| the costs and timing of seeking and obtaining regulatory approvals; | |||
| the costs of acquiring or investing in businesses, products and technologies; | |||
| the effect of competing technological and market developments; and |
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| the payment and other terms and timing of any strategic alliance, licensing or other arrangements that we may establish. |
Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue to finance our cash requirements, which we may never do, we expect to finance future cash needs primarily through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or strategic alliances. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are not able to secure additional funding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our clinical trials or research and development programs or future commercialization initiatives.
We currently have no marketing or sales staff, and if we are unable to enter into or maintain strategic alliances with marketing partners or if we are unable to develop our own sales and marketing capabilities, we may not be successful in commercializing our potential drugs.
We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities. To commercialize our drugs that we determine not to market on our own, we will depend on strategic alliances with third parties, such as GSK, which have established distribution systems and direct sales forces. If we are unable to enter into such arrangements on acceptable terms, we may not be able to successfully commercialize such drugs.
We plan to commercialize drugs on our own, with or without a partner, that can be effectively marketed and sold in concentrated markets that do not require a large sales force to be competitive. To achieve this goal, we will need to establish our own specialized sales force and marketing organization with technical expertise and with supporting distribution capabilities. Developing such an organization is expensive and time consuming and could delay a product launch. In addition, we may not be able to develop this capacity efficiently, or at all, which could make us unable to commercialize our drugs.
To the extent that we are not successful in commercializing any drugs ourselves or through a strategic alliance, our product revenues will suffer, we will incur significant additional losses and the price of our common stock will be negatively affected.
We have no manufacturing capacity, depend on a single manufacturer to produce our clinical trial drug supplies, and anticipate continued reliance on third-party manufacturers for the development and commercialization of our potential drugs.
We do not currently operate manufacturing facilities for clinical or commercial production of our drug candidates under development. We have no experience in drug formulation or manufacturing, and we lack the resources and the capabilities to manufacture any of our drug candidates on a clinical or commercial scale. As a result, we currently rely on a single contract manufacturer to supply, store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials and anticipate future reliance on a limited number of third-party manufacturers until we are able to expand our operations to include manufacturing capacities. Any performance failure on the part of our existing or future manufacturers could delay clinical development or regulatory approval of our drug candidates or commercialization of our drugs, producing additional losses and depriving us of potential product revenues.
Our drug candidates require precise, high quality manufacturing. Our failure or our contract manufacturers failure to achieve and maintain high manufacturing standards, including the incidence of manufacturing errors, could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in product testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that could seriously hurt our business. Contract manufacturers often encounter difficulties involving production yields, quality control and quality assurance, as well as shortages of qualified personnel. These manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic
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unannounced inspection by the FDA, the United States Drug Enforcement Agency and corresponding state agencies to ensure strict compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice and other applicable government regulations and corresponding foreign standards; however, we do not have control over third-party manufacturers compliance with these regulations and standards. If one of our manufacturers fails to maintain compliance, the production of our drug candidates could be interrupted, resulting in delays, additional costs and potentially lost revenues. Additionally, our third-party manufacturer must pass a preapproval inspection before we can obtain marketing approval for any of our drug candidates in development.
If the FDA or other regulatory agencies approve any of our drug candidates for commercial sale, we will need to manufacture them in larger quantities. To date, our drug candidates have been manufactured in small quantities for preclinical testing and clinical trials and we may not be able to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity, whether in collaboration with third-party manufacturers or on our own, for any of our drug candidates in a timely or economic manner, or at all. Significant scale-up of manufacturing may require additional validation studies, which the FDA must review and approve. If we are unable to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for a drug candidate, the regulatory approval or commercial launch of any related drugs may be delayed or there may be a shortage in supply. Even if any third-party manufacturer makes improvements in the manufacturing process for our drug candidates, we may not own, or may have to share, the intellectual property rights to such innovation.
In addition, our existing and future contract manufacturers may not perform as agreed or may not remain in the contract manufacturing business for the time required to successfully produce, store and distribute our drug candidates. We currently rely on a single third-party manufacturer as the sole supply source for our drug candidates. In the event of a natural disaster, business failure, strike or other difficulty, we may be unable to replace such third-party manufacturer in a timely manner and the production of our drug candidates would be interrupted, resulting in delays and additional costs.
Switching manufacturers may be difficult because the number of potential manufacturers is limited and the FDA must approve any replacement manufacturer prior to manufacturing our drug candidates. Such approval would require new testing and compliance inspections. In addition, a new manufacturer would have to be educated in, or develop substantially equivalent processes for, production of our drug candidates after receipt of FDA approval. It may be difficult or impossible for us to find a replacement manufacturer on acceptable terms quickly, or at all.
We expect to expand our development, clinical research and marketing capabilities, and as a result, we may encounter difficulties in managing our growth, which could disrupt our operations.
We expect to have significant growth in expenditures, the number of our employees and the scope of our operations, in particular with respect to those drug candidates that we elect to commercialize independently or together with a partner. To manage our anticipated future growth, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems, expand our facilities and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. Due to our limited resources, we may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations or recruit and train additional qualified personnel. The physical expansion of our operations may lead to significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Any inability to manage growth could delay the execution of our business plans or disrupt our operations.
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The failure to attract and retain skilled personnel could impair our drug development and commercialization efforts.
Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance of our senior management and key scientific and technical personnel, particularly James H. Sabry, M.D., Ph.D., our President and Chief Executive Officer and Robert I. Blum, our Executive Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Business Officer, and Sharon Surrey-Barbari, our Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer. The employment of these individuals and our other personnel is terminable at will with short or no notice. We carry key person life insurance on James H. Sabry, M.D., Ph.D. The loss of the services of any member of our senior management, scientific or technical staff may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of drug development and other business objectives by diverting managements attention to transition matters and identification of suitable replacements, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We also rely on consultants and advisors to assist us in formulating our research and development strategy. All of our consultants and advisors are either self-employed or employed by other organizations, and they may have conflicts of interest or other commitments, such as consulting or advisory contracts with other organizations, that may affect their ability to contribute to us.
We have employment agreements with Dr. James Sabry, Robert Blum, Sharon Surrey-Barbari, Dr. Andrew Wolffe, our Senior Vice President, Clinical and Chief Medical Officer; David Morgans, our Senior Vice President, Research; Jay Trautman, our Vice President, Technology; and Gail Sheridan, our Vice President, Human Resources. Each of our officers and key employees may terminate their employment without notice and without cause or good reason. We currently are not aware that any officer or key employee is planning to leave or retire.
In addition, we believe that we will need to recruit additional executive management and scientific and technical personnel. There is currently intense competition for skilled executives and employees with relevant scientific and technical expertise, and this competition is likely to continue. The inability to attract and retain sufficient scientific, technical and managerial personnel could limit or delay our product development efforts, which would adversely affect the development of our drug candidates and commercialization of our potential drugs and growth of our business.
Risks Related to Our Industry
Our competitors may develop drugs that are less expensive, safer, or more effective, which may diminish or eliminate the commercial success of any drugs that we may commercialize.
We compete with companies that are developing drug candidates that focus on the cytoskeleton, as well as companies that have developed drugs or are developing alternative drug candidates for cancer and cardiovascular and infectious diseases. For example, with respect to cancer, Bristol-Myers Squibbs Taxol, Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc.s Taxotere, and generic equivalents of Taxol are currently available on the market and commonly used in cancer treatment. Furthermore, we are aware that Merck & Co., Inc. and Bristol-Myers Squibb are conducting KSP-directed research. In addition, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis and other pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies are developing other approaches to inhibiting mitosis. With respect to congestive heart failure, we are aware of a potentially competitive approach being developed by Orion in collaboration with Abbott Laboratories.
Our competitors may:
| develop drug candidates and market drugs that are less expensive or more effective than our future drugs; |
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| commercialize competing drugs before we or our partners can launch any drugs developed from our drug candidates; | |||
| initiate or withstand substantial price competition more successfully than we can; | |||
| have greater success in recruiting skilled scientific workers from the limited pool of available talent; | |||
| more effectively negotiate third-party licenses and strategic alliances; and | |||
| take advantage of acquisition or other opportunities more readily than we can. |
We will compete for market share against large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and smaller companies that are collaborating with larger pharmaceutical companies, new companies, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations. Many of these competitors, either alone or together with their partners, may develop new drug candidates that will compete with ours, as these competitors may, and in certain cases do, operate larger research and development programs or have substantially greater financial resources than we do. Our competitors may also have significantly greater experience in:
| developing drug candidates; | |||
| undertaking preclinical testing and clinical trials; | |||
| building relationships with key customers and opinion-leading physicians; | |||
| obtaining and maintaining FDA and other regulatory approvals of drug candidates; | |||
| formulating and manufacturing drugs; and | |||
| launching, marketing and selling drugs. |
If our competitors market drugs that are less expensive, safer or more effective than our potential drugs, or that reach the market sooner than our potential drugs, we may not achieve commercial success. In addition, the life sciences industry is characterized by rapid technological change. Because our research approach integrates many technologies, it may be difficult for us to stay abreast of the rapid changes in each technology. If we fail to stay at the forefront of technological change we may be unable to compete effectively. Our competitors may render our technologies obsolete by advances in existing technological approaches or the development of new or different approaches, potentially eliminating the advantages in our drug discovery process that we believe we derive from our research approach and proprietary technologies.
The regulatory approval process is expensive, time consuming and uncertain and may prevent our partners or us from obtaining approvals for the commercialization of some or all of our drug candidates.
The research, testing, manufacturing, selling and marketing of drug candidates are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries, which regulations differ from country to country. Neither we nor our partners are permitted to market our potential drugs in the United States until we receive approval of a New Drug Application, or NDA, from the FDA. Neither we nor our partners have received marketing approval for any of our drug candidates.
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Obtaining a NDA can be a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process. In addition, failure to comply with the FDA and other applicable foreign and United States regulatory requirements may subject us to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions. These include warning letters, civil and criminal penalties, injunctions, product seizure or detention, product recalls, total or partial suspension of production, and refusal to approve pending NDAs, or supplements to approved NDAs.
Regulatory approval of a NDA or NDA supplement is never guaranteed, and the approval process typically takes several years and is extremely expensive. The FDA also has substantial discretion in the drug approval process. Despite the time and expense exerted, failure can occur at any stage, and we could encounter problems that cause us to abandon clinical trials or to repeat or perform additional preclinical testing and clinical trials. The number of preclinical studies and clinical trials that will be required for FDA approval varies depending on the drug candidate, the disease or condition that the drug candidate is designed to address, and the regulations applicable to any particular drug candidate. The FDA can delay, limit or deny approval of a drug candidate for many reasons, including:
| a drug candidate may not be safe or effective; | |||
| FDA officials may not find the data from preclinical testing and clinical trials sufficient; | |||
| the FDA might not approve our or our third-party manufacturers processes or facilities; or | |||
| the FDA may change its approval policies or adopt new regulations. |
If we or our partners receive regulatory approval for our drug candidates, we will also be subject to ongoing FDA obligations and continued regulatory review, such as continued safety reporting requirements, and we may also be subject to additional FDA post-marketing obligations, all of which may result in significant expense and limit our ability to commercialize our potential drugs.
Any regulatory approvals that we or our partners receive for our drug candidates may also be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the drug may be marketed or contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing follow-up studies. In addition, if the FDA approves any of our drug candidates, the labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and record-keeping for the drug will be subject to extensive regulatory requirements. The subsequent discovery of previously unknown problems with the drug, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, may result in restrictions on the marketing of the drug, and could include withdrawal of the drug from the market.
The FDAs policies may change and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our drug candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we might not be permitted to market our drugs and our business could suffer.
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If physicians and patients do not accept our drugs, we may be unable to generate significant revenue, if any.
Even if our drug candidates obtain regulatory approval, resulting drugs, if any, may not gain market acceptance among physicians, healthcare payors, patients and the medical community. Even if the clinical safety and efficacy of drugs developed from our drug candidates are established, physicians may elect not to recommend these drugs for a variety of reasons including:
| timing of market introduction of competitive drugs; | |||
| demonstration of clinical safety and efficacy; | |||
| cost-effectiveness; | |||
| availability of reimbursement from health maintenance organizations and other third-party payors; | |||
| convenience and ease of administration; | |||
| prevalence and severity of adverse side effects; | |||
| other potential advantages over alternative treatment methods; and | |||
| marketing and distribution support. |
If our drugs fail to achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to generate significant revenue and our business would suffer.
The coverage and reimbursement status of newly approved drugs is uncertain and failure to obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement could limit our ability to market any drugs we may develop and decrease our ability to generate revenue.
There is significant uncertainty related to the coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. The commercial success of our potential drugs in both domestic and international markets is substantially dependent on whether third-party coverage and reimbursement is available for the ordering of our potential drugs by the medical profession for use by their patients. Medicare, Medicaid, health maintenance organizations and other third-party payors are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement of new drugs, and, as a result, they may not cover or provide adequate payment for our potential drugs. They may not view our potential drugs as cost-effective and reimbursement may not be available to consumers or may not be sufficient to allow our potential drugs to be marketed on a competitive basis. Likewise, legislative or regulatory efforts to control or reduce healthcare costs or reform government healthcare programs could result in lower prices or rejection of our potential drugs. Changes in coverage and reimbursement policies or healthcare cost containment initiatives that limit or restrict reimbursement for our drugs may cause our revenue to decline.
We may be subject to costly product liability claims and may not be able to obtain adequate insurance.
Because we conduct clinical trials in humans, we face the risk that the use of our drug candidates will result in adverse effects. We currently maintain product liability insurance in the amount of $10.0 million with a $5,000 deductible per occurrence, however, such liability insurance excludes coverage of liability
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resulting from clinical trials. We cannot predict the possible harms or side effects that may result from our clinical trials. We may not have sufficient resources to pay for any liabilities resulting from a claim excluded from, or beyond the limit of, our insurance coverage.
In addition, once we have commercially launched drugs based on our drug candidates, we will face exposure to product liability claims. This risk exists even with respect to those drugs that are approved for commercial sale by the FDA and manufactured in facilities licensed and regulated by the FDA. We intend to secure limited product liability insurance coverage, but may not be able to obtain such insurance on acceptable terms with adequate coverage, or at reasonable costs. There is also a risk that third parties that we have agreed to indemnify could incur liability. Even if we were ultimately successful in product liability litigation, the litigation would consume substantial amounts of our financial and managerial resources and may create adverse publicity, all of which would impair our ability to generate sales of the litigated product as well as our other potential drugs. Moreover, product recalls may be issued at our discretion or at the direction of the FDA, other governmental agencies or other companies having regulatory control for drug sales. If product recalls occur, such recalls are generally expensive and often have an adverse effect on the image of the drugs being recalled as well as the reputation of the drugs developer or manufacturer.
We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that our employees or we have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.
Many of our employees were previously employed at universities or other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although no claims against us are currently pending, we may be subject to claims that these employees or we have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. A loss of key research personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize certain potential drugs, which could severely harm our business. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.
We use hazardous chemicals and radioactive and biological materials in our business. Any claims relating to improper handling, storage or disposal of these materials could be time consuming and costly.
Our research and development processes involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, including chemicals, radioactive and biological materials. Our operations produce hazardous waste products. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or discharge and any resultant injury from those materials. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials. We may be sued for any injury or contamination that results from our use or the use by third parties of these materials. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may be expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts.
In addition, our partners may use hazardous materials in connection with our strategic alliances. To our knowledge, their work is performed in accordance with applicable biosafety regulations. In the event of a lawsuit or investigation, however, we could be held responsible for any injury caused to persons or property by exposure to, or release of, these hazardous materials used by these parties. Further, we may be required to indemnify our partners against all damages and other liabilities arising out of our development activities or drugs produced in connection with these strategic alliances.
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Our facilities in California are located near an earthquake fault, and an earthquake or other types of natural disasters or resource shortages could disrupt our operations and adversely affect results.
Important documents and records, such as hard copies of our laboratory books and records for our drug candidates and compounds, are located in our corporate headquarters at a single location in South San Francisco, California near active earthquake zones. In the event of a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, drought or flood, or localized extended outages of critical utilities or transportation systems, we do not have a formal business continuity or disaster recovery plan, and could therefore experience a significant business interruption. In addition, California from time to time has experienced shortages of water, electric power and natural gas. Future shortages and conservation measures could disrupt our operations and cause expense, thus adversely affecting our business and financial results.
Risks Related To Our Common Stock
We expect that our stock price will fluctuate significantly, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above your investment price.
The stock market, particularly in recent years, has experienced significant volatility particularly with respect to pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other life sciences company stocks. The volatility of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other life sciences company stocks often does not relate to the operating performance of the companies represented by the stock. Factors that could cause this volatility in the market price of our common stock include:
| results from and any delays in the clinical trials programs, including the clinical trials for SB-715992 and SB-743921, our drug candidates for the treatment of cancer; | |||
| failure or delays in entering additional drug candidates into clinical trials, including a potential drug candidate for the treatment of congestive heart failure; | |||
| failure or discontinuation of any of our research programs; | |||
| delays or other developments in establishing new strategic alliances; | |||
| announcements concerning our strategic alliances with GSK or AstraZeneca or future strategic alliances; | |||
| delays in the development of our drug candidates and commercialization of our potential drugs by GSK or any future partners or otherwise; | |||
| market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors and issuance of new or changed securities analysts reports or recommendations; | |||
| actual and anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial and operating results; | |||
| developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights; | |||
| introduction of technological innovations or new commercial products by us or our competitors; | |||
| issues in manufacturing our drug candidates or drugs; |
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| market acceptance of our drugs; | |||
| third-party healthcare reimbursement policies; | |||
| FDA or other United States or foreign regulatory actions affecting us or our industry; | |||
| litigation or public concern about the safety of our drug candidates or drugs; and | |||
| additions or departures of key personnel. |
These and other external factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management.
If the ownership of our common stock continues to be highly concentrated, it may prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest that could cause our stock price to decline.
Our executive officers, directors and their affiliates beneficially own or control approximately 38.5 percent of the outstanding shares of our common stock (after giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding convertible preferred stock and the exercise of all outstanding vested and unvested options and warrants). Accordingly, these executive officers, directors and their affiliates, acting as a group, will have substantial influence over the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets or any other significant corporate transactions. These stockholders may also delay or prevent a change of control of us, even if such a change of control would benefit our other stockholders. The significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock due to investors perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.
Future sales of common stock by our existing stockholders may cause our stock price to fall.
The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales by our existing stockholders of shares of common stock in the market after Cytokinetics initial public offering, or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales might also make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities at a time and price that we deem appropriate. The lock-up agreements delivered by our executive officers and directors, and substantially all of our stockholders and option holders in connection with our recent initial public offering on April 29, 2004, expired on October 27, 2004. These shares, which are, subject to applicable securities laws, restrictions and other agreements between the company and certain of such stockholders, are now freely tradable.
Evolving regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses and continuing uncertainty.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new Securities and Exchange Commission regulations and Nasdaq National Market rules are creating uncertainty for public companies. We are presently evaluating and
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monitoring developments with respect to new and proposed rules and cannot predict or estimate the amount of the additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These new or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, we intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and we may be harmed.
We have never paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have paid no cash dividends on any of our classes of capital stock to date and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our businesses. In addition, the terms of existing or any future debts may preclude us from paying these dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our exposure to market risk is limited to interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of United States interest rates, particularly because the majority of our investments are in short-term debt securities. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive without significantly increasing risk. To minimize risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term, and restricted investments in a variety of interest-bearing instruments, including United States government and agency securities, high-grade United States corporate bonds, commercial paper and money market funds. The investment portfolio is subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value in the event market interest rates increase. Due to the short duration of our investment portfolio, we believe an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not be material to our financial condition or results of operations. We do not have any foreign currency or derivative financial instruments.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Our management evaluated, with the participation and under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Companys disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
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(b) | Changes in internal control over financial reporting. |
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(c) | The following table summarizes employee stock repurchase activity for the three months ended September 30, 2004: |
(c) Total | ||||||||||||||||
Number of | (d) Maximum | |||||||||||||||
Shares | Number of | |||||||||||||||
Purchased as | Shares that | |||||||||||||||
(a) Total | Part of Publicly | May Yet Be | ||||||||||||||
Number of | (b) Average | Announced | Purchased | |||||||||||||
Shares | Price Paid per | Plans or | Under the Plans | |||||||||||||
Period |
Purchased |
share |
Programs |
or Programs |
||||||||||||
July 1 to July 31, 2004 |
| | | | ||||||||||||
August 1 to August 31, 2004 |
5,874 | $ | 1.20 | | | |||||||||||
September 1 to September 30, 2004 |
1,989 | $ | 1.13 | | | |||||||||||
Total |
7,863 | $ | 1.18 | | | |||||||||||
The total number of shares repurchased include those shares of our common stock that we repurchased from employees upon termination of employment. As September 30, 2004, approximately 153,727 held by service providers remain subject to repurchase by us.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits have been filed with this report:
Exhibit | ||
Number |
Exhibit Title |
|
3.1*
|
Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant | |
3.2*
|
Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant | |
4.1*
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate | |
4.3*
|
Loan and Security Agreement, dated September 25, 1998, by and between the Registrant and Comdisco. | |
4.4*
|
Amendment No. One to Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 1, 1999. | |
4.5*
|
Warrant for the purchase of shares of Series A preferred stock, dated September 25, 1998, issued by the Registrant to Comdisco. | |
4.6*
|
Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 16, 1999, by and between the Registrant and Comdisco. | |
4.7*
|
Amendment No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement, dated June 29, 2000, by and between the Registrant and Comdisco. | |
4.8*
|
Warrant for the purchase of shares of Series B preferred stock, dated December 16, 1999, issued by the Registrant to Comdisco. | |
Master Security Agreement, dated February 2, 2001, by and between the Registrant and General | ||
4.9*
|
Electric Capital Corporation. | |
4.10*
|
Cross-Collateral and Cross-Default Agreement by and between the Registrant and Comdisco. | |
4.14*
|
Warrant for the purchase of shares of Series B preferred stock, dated August 30, 1999, issued by the Registrant to The Magnum Trust. | |
10.1*
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its directors and officers. | |
10.3*
|
2004 Equity Incentive Plan. | |
10.4*
|
2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. | |
10.46
|
Collaboration and Facilities Agreement, dated August 19, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | |
10.47
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 7, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Gail Sheridan. | |
10.48
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 8, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Jay Trautman. | |
10.49
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 14, 2004, by and between the Registrant and James Sabry. | |
10.50
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 14, 2004, by and between the Registrant and David Morgans. | |
10.51
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated September 1, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Robert Blum. | |
10.52
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated September 7, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Sharon Surrey-Barbari. | |
31.1
|
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2
|
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32
|
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
* | Incorporated by reference to exhibits (with same exhibit number) to Cytokinetics, Incorporateds Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-112261) declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2004. | |
| Pursuant to a request for confidential treatment, portions of this Exhibit have been redacted from the publicly filed document and have been furnished separately to the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: November 12, 2004 | CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED (Registrant) |
|||
/s/ James H. Sabry | ||||
James H. Sabry President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer) |
||||
/s/ Sharon Surrey-Barbari | ||||
Sharon Surrey-Barbari Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | ||
Number |
Exhibit Title |
|
3.1*
|
Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant | |
3.2*
|
Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant | |
4.1*
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate | |
4.3*
|
Loan and Security Agreement, dated September 25, 1998, by and between the Registrant and Comdisco. | |
4.4*
|
Amendment No. One to Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 1, 1999. | |
4.5*
|
Warrant for the purchase of shares of Series A preferred stock, dated September 25, 1998, issued by the Registrant to Comdisco. | |
4.6*
|
Loan and Security Agreement, dated December 16, 1999, by and between the Registrant and Comdisco. | |
Amendment No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement, dated June 29, 2000, by and between the | ||
4.7*
|
Registrant and Comdisco. | |
4.8*
|
Warrant for the purchase of shares of Series B preferred stock, dated December 16, 1999, issued by the Registrant to Comdisco. | |
Master Security Agreement, dated February 2, 2001, by and between the Registrant and General | ||
4.9*
|
Electric Capital Corporation. | |
4.10*
|
Cross-Collateral and Cross-Default Agreement by and between the Registrant and Comdisco. | |
4.14*
|
Warrant for the purchase of shares of Series B preferred stock, dated August 30, 1999, issued by the Registrant to The Magnum Trust. | |
10.1*
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its directors and officers. | |
10.3*
|
2004 Equity Incentive Plan. | |
10.4*
|
2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. | |
10.46
|
Collaboration and Facilities Agreement, dated August 19, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | |
10.47
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 7, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Gail Sheridan. | |
10.48
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 8, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Jay Trautman. | |
10.49
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 14, 2004, by and between the Registrant and James Sabry. | |
10.50
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 14, 2004, by and between the Registrant and David Morgans. | |
10.51
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated September 1, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Robert Blum. | |
10.52
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated September 7, 2004, by and between the Registrant and Sharon Surrey-Barbari. | |
31.1
|
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 (a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2
|
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 (a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32
|
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
* | Incorporated by reference to exhibits (with same exhibit number) to Cytokinetics, Incorporateds Registration Statement on Form S1 (File No. 333-112261) declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2004. | |
| Pursuant to a request for confidential treatment, portions of this Exhibit have been redacted from the publicly filed document and have been furnished separately to the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
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