UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISION
FORM 10-Q
[X]
|
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2004 |
[ ]
|
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |
For the transition period from to . |
Commission File Number
000-50438
Myogen, Inc.
Delaware | 84-1348020 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
7575 West 103rd Avenue, Suite 102
Westminster, CO 80021
(303) 410-6666
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [ ]
Check whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [ ] No [X]
As of November 8, 2004 there were 35,730,581 shares of the Registrants Common Stock outstanding, par value $0.001 per share.
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q consists of 37 pages.
1
MYOGEN, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
Number |
Page |
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3 | ||||||||
3 | ||||||||
3 | ||||||||
4 | ||||||||
5 | ||||||||
7 | ||||||||
12 | ||||||||
33 | ||||||||
34 | ||||||||
35 | ||||||||
35 | ||||||||
35 | ||||||||
35 | ||||||||
35 | ||||||||
35 | ||||||||
35 | ||||||||
36 | ||||||||
EXHIBIT INDEX |
37 | |||||||
Certification of Principal Executive Officer | ||||||||
Certification of Principal Financial Officer | ||||||||
Section 1350 Certification |
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MYOGEN, INC.
(A Development Stage Enterprise)
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 84,758,241 | $ | 44,337,721 | ||||
Short-term investments |
43,909,654 | 69,914,627 | ||||||
Accrued interest receivable |
302,855 | 607,393 | ||||||
Trade accounts receivable |
1,119,867 | 1,274,861 | ||||||
Research and development contract amounts due within one year |
1,000,000 | 1,625,000 | ||||||
Inventories |
360,910 | 724,282 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
1,224,118 | 1,434,174 | ||||||
Total current assets |
132,675,645 | 119,918,058 | ||||||
Long-term investments |
3,493,384 | | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
2,280,294 | 1,304,028 | ||||||
Other assets |
38,847 | 51,238 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 138,488,170 | $ | 121,273,324 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 9,153,377 | $ | 7,594,935 | ||||
Accrued liabilities |
1,135,858 | 1,350,114 | ||||||
Current portion of deferred revenue |
1,666,667 | 1,666,667 | ||||||
Current portion of capital lease obligations |
49,936 | 37,015 | ||||||
Current portion of notes payable, net of discount |
1,774,479 | 1,639,246 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
13,780,317 | 12,287,977 | ||||||
Deferred revenue, net of current portion |
1,698,029 | 2,948,029 | ||||||
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion |
109,487 | 121,617 | ||||||
Notes payable, net of current portion and discount |
645,661 | 1,993,906 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 9) |
||||||||
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares
authorized at September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003, no
shares issued or outstanding |
| | ||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares
authorized and 35,722,358 and 26,457,927 shares issued and
outstanding as of September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003,
respectively |
35,722 | 26,458 | ||||||
Additional paid-in-capital |
286,106,160 | 229,080,380 | ||||||
Deferred stock-based compensation |
(3,207,096 | ) | (6,730,195 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |
(3,723 | ) | 22,185 | |||||
Deficit accumulated during the development stage |
(160,676,387 | ) | (118,477,033 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
122,254,676 | 103,921,795 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 138,488,170 | $ | 121,273,324 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
MYOGEN, INC.
(A Development Stage Enterprise)
Cumulative | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended | For the Nine Months Ended | Period from | ||||||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | June 10, 1996 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Inception) to | ||||||||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Product sales |
$ | 783,235 | $ | 707,013 | $ | 2,534,713 | $ | 2,071,823 | $ | 9,958,427 | ||||||||||
Research and development contracts |
1,666,667 | | 4,669,962 | | 5,680,267 | |||||||||||||||
2,449,902 | 707,013 | 7,204,675 | 2,071,823 | 15,638,694 | ||||||||||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of product sold |
239,917 | 220,192 | 788,621 | 654,138 | 3,475,307 | |||||||||||||||
Research and
development
(excluding
stock-based
compensation expense
of $470,155,
$501,467,
$1,621,286,
$1,243,861 and
$4,476,995,
respectively) |
12,334,697 | 7,052,067 | 39,420,805 | 24,621,961 | 128,140,475 | |||||||||||||||
Selling, general and
administrative
(excluding
stock-based
compensation expense
of $473,161,
$339,949,
$1,655,906, $862,441
and $3,725,679,
respectively) |
2,085,914 | 662,738 | 6,368,042 | 2,564,309 | 24,206,791 | |||||||||||||||
Stock-based
compensation expense |
943,316 | 841,416 | 3,277,192 | 2,106,302 | 8,202,674 | |||||||||||||||
15,603,844 | 8,776,413 | 49,854,660 | 29,946,710 | 164,025,247 | ||||||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(13,153,942 | ) | (8,069,400 | ) | (42,649,985 | ) | (27,874,887 | ) | (148,386,553 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest income (expense), net |
156,412 | (55,125 | ) | 465,052 | (63,379 | ) | 2,865,047 | |||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes |
(12,997,530 | ) | (8,124,525 | ) | (42,184,933 | ) | (27,938,266 | ) | (145,521,506 | ) | ||||||||||
Income taxes |
5,034 | 5,530 | 14,421 | 16,165 | 75,218 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss |
(13,002,564 | ) | (8,130,055 | ) | (42,199,354 | ) | (27,954,431 | ) | (145,596,724 | ) | ||||||||||
Accretion of mandatorily redeemable
convertible preferred stock |
| (4,243,618 | ) | | (11,583,987 | ) | (32,499,556 | ) | ||||||||||||
Deemed dividend related to beneficial
conversion feature of preferred stock |
| (39,935,388 | ) | | (39,935,388 | ) | (39,935,388 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to common
stockholders |
$ | (13,002,564 | ) | $ | (52,309,061 | ) | $ | (42,199,354 | ) | $ | (79,473,806 | ) | $ | (218,031,668 | ) | |||||
Basic and diluted net loss per common
share |
$ | (0.49 | ) | $ | (50.29 | ) | $ | (1.59 | ) | $ | (76.99 | ) | ||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding |
26,623,208 | 1,040,108 | 26,525,466 | 1,032,200 | ||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
MYOGEN, INC.
(A Development Stage Enterprise)
Cumulative | ||||||||||||
For the Nine Months Ended | Period From | |||||||||||
September 30, | June 10, 1996 | |||||||||||
(Inception) to | ||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |
||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (42,199,354 | ) | $ | (27,954,431 | ) | $ | (145,596,724 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
405,420 | 307,013 | 1,417,655 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation |
3,277,192 | 2,106,302 | 8,202,674 | |||||||||
Amortization of debt discount |
103,211 | 103,211 | 251,641 | |||||||||
Amortization of investment premium |
562,741 | 25,560 | 801,591 | |||||||||
Stock exchanged for license |
| | 1,163,229 | |||||||||
Loss on disposal of property and equipment |
363 | 11,951 | 34,672 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Trade accounts receivable |
137,895 | 88,667 | (352,568 | ) | ||||||||
Research and development contract amounts |
625,000 | | | |||||||||
Inventories |
363,373 | 26,648 | (360,909 | ) | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses, accrued interest and other assets |
517,974 | (191,823 | ) | (1,785,765 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable |
1,584,947 | 2,523,938 | 8,570,960 | |||||||||
Deferred revenue |
(1,250,001 | ) | | 2,364,695 | ||||||||
Accrued liabilities |
(213,060 | ) | 79,277 | 896,846 | ||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(36,084,299 | ) | (22,873,687 | ) | (124,392,003 | ) | ||||||
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Acquisitions of property and equipment |
(1,350,076 | ) | (144,511 | ) | (3,786,632 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |
| 317,921 | 332,473 | |||||||||
Purchases of investments |
(91,717,251 | ) | (51,194,633 | ) | (415,060,662 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments |
113,639,420 | 34,945,379 | 367,014,020 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in)
investing activities |
20,572,093 | (16,075,844 | ) | (51,500,801 | ) | |||||||
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs |
| 39,935,387 | 127,151,604 | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs |
57,280,950 | 27,446 | 130,832,163 | |||||||||
Proceeds from notes payable |
| | 5,250,000 | |||||||||
Payments on notes payable |
(1,316,223 | ) | (668,899 | ) | (2,657,842 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from related party note |
| | 370,275 | |||||||||
Repayments of related party note |
| | (289,887 | ) | ||||||||
Payments on capital leases |
(32,429 | ) | (21,760 | ) | (89,321 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
55,932,298 | 39,272,174 | 260,566,992 | |||||||||
Effect of exchange rates on cash |
428 | (76,744 | ) | 84,053 | ||||||||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
40,420,520 | 245,899 | 84,758,241 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
44,337,721 | 6,993,146 | | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
$ | 84,758,241 | $ | 7,239,045 | $ | 84,758,241 | ||||||
5
Cumulative | ||||||||||||
For the Nine Months Ended | Period From | |||||||||||
September 30, | June 10, 1996 | |||||||||||
(Inception) to | ||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
September 30, 2004 |
||||||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Financing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Acquisition of property and equipment under capital leases |
$ | 33,220 | 72,609 | $ | 245,188 | |||||||
Common stock issued in exchange for notes receivable |
| | 81,362 | |||||||||
Convertible preferred stock issued in exchange for license |
| | 1,163,229 | |||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock issued in lieu of cash commission on issuance of Series
D mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock |
| | 928,961 | |||||||||
Conversion of Series B convertible preferred stock for common stock upon initial public offering |
| | 804 | |||||||||
Conversion of mandatorily redeemable preferred stock for common stock upon initial public offering |
| | 159,688,153 | |||||||||
Deferred research and development contract revenue due within one year |
| | 1,000,000 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
MYOGEN, INC.
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2004 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2004. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003, included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Myogen Inc. (the Company or Myogen) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2004.
The Company has generated limited revenue to date and its activities have consisted primarily of developing products, licensing products, raising capital and recruiting personnel. Accordingly, the Company is considered to be in the development stage as of September 30, 2004 as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 7, Accounting and Reporting by Development Stage Enterprises.
Note 2: Liquidity
The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations in every fiscal period since June 10, 1996 (Inception). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2004, the Company incurred losses from operations of $13,153,942 and $42,649,985 and negative cash flows from operations of $36,084,299 for the nine months ended September 30, 2004. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company incurred losses from operations of $42,972,596, $28,815,118 and $17,770,643, respectively, and negative cash flows from operations of $31,706,160, $26,459,454 and $16,409,817, respectively. As of September 30, 2004, the Company had a deficit accumulated during the development stage of $160,676,387. Management anticipates that operating losses and negative cash flows from operations will continue for at least the next several years.
To date, the Company has satisfied its cash commitments primarily through public and private placements of equity securities. On September 29, 2004, the Company completed a Private Investment in a Public Entity (PIPE) financing, in which 9,195,400 new shares of common stock and warrants exercisable for 1,839,080 shares of common stock were issued for proceeds of $57,206,523, net of $2,793,462 in issuance costs. From Inception through September 30, 2004, the Company raised $257,983,767 of net cash proceeds from the sale of equity securities.
Based on current spending projections, management believes that the current cash, cash equivalents and investment balances, which include the proceeds from our recently completed PIPE, together with the proceeds of the Novartis collaboration, will be sufficient to fund our operations at least through the end of 2005. However, failure to generate sufficient revenues or raise additional capital could have a material adverse effect on the Companys ability to achieve its intended business objectives, which include the completion of development and commercialization of its product candidates and the continuation of its research and development programs. Management plans on raising additional financing to meet future working capital and capital expenditure needs. There can be no assurance that such additional financing will be available or, if available, that such financing can be obtained on terms satisfactory to the Company.
7
Note 3: Inventory Components
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Finished products |
$ | 314,560 | $ | 207,262 | ||||
Raw materials |
46,350 | 517,020 | ||||||
Total inventories |
$ | 360,910 | $ | 724,282 | ||||
Note 4: Comprehensive Loss
A reconciliation of net loss to comprehensive loss is as follows:
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (13,002,564 | ) | $ | (8,130,055 | ) | $ | (42,199,354 | ) | $ | (27,954,431 | ) | ||||
Change in unrealized gain (loss)
on investments available for
sale |
26,742 | 18,811 | (24,293 | ) | (45,819 | ) | ||||||||||
Foreign currency translation
adjustment |
4,118 | (218,313 | ) | (1,615 | ) | (156,244 | ) | |||||||||
Total comprehensive loss |
$ | (12,971,704 | ) | $ | (8,329,557 | ) | $ | (42,225,262 | ) | $ | (28,156,494 | ) | ||||
Note 5: Revenue Recognition
Myogen recognizes revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements (SAB 104). Arrangements with multiple elements are accounted for in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables, or EITF 00-21. The Company considers this methodology to be the most appropriate for its business model and current revenue streams.
Product Sales
Sales are recognized when the following four revenue recognition criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) product is shipped from the distributors consignment stock to the customer; (iii) the selling price is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collection is reasonably assured. Once the product is shipped to the customer, the Company does not allow product returns.
Research and development contracts
Myogen may enter into collaborative agreements with pharmaceutical companies where the other party receives exclusive marketing and distribution rights for certain products for set time periods and set geographic areas. The rights associated with this research and development are assigned or can be assigned to the collaborator through a license at the collaborators option. The terms of the collaborative agreements can include non-refundable funding of research and development efforts, licensing fees, payments based on achievement of certain milestones, and royalties on product sales. Myogen analyzes its multiple element arrangements to determine whether the elements can be separated and accounted for individually as separate units of accounting in accordance with EITF 00-21. The Company recognizes up-front license payments as revenue if the license has standalone value and the fair value of the undelivered items can be determined. If the license is considered to have standalone value but the fair value on any of the undelivered items cannot be determined, the license payments are recognized as revenue over the period of performance for such undelivered items or services.
Non-refundable license fees received are recorded as deferred revenue once received or irrevocably committed and are recognized ratably over the longer of the development period to which they relate or the expected duration of the contractual relationship. Where there are two or more distinct phases embedded into one contract (such as product development and subsequent commercialization or manufacturing), the contracts may be considered multiple element arrangements. When it can be demonstrated that each of these phases is at fair value, they are treated as separate earnings processes with upfront fees being
8
recognized over only the initial product development phase. The relevant time period for the product development phase is based on management estimates and could vary depending upon the outcome of clinical trials and the regulatory approval process. As a result, management frequently reviews the appropriate time period.
Milestone payments based on designated achievement points that are considered at risk and substantive at the inception of the collaborative contract are recognized as earned when the earnings process is complete and the corresponding payment is reasonably assured. The Company evaluates whether milestone payments are at risk and substantive based on the contingent nature of the milestone, specifically reviewing factors such as the technological and commercial risk that needs to be overcome and the level of investment required. Milestone payments related to arrangements under which the Company has continuing performance obligations are recognized as revenue upon achievement of the milestone only if all of the following conditions are met: the milestone payments are non-refundable; achievement of the milestone was not reasonably assured at the inception of the arrangement; substantive effort is involved in achieving the milestone; and the amount of the milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with the achievement of the milestone. If any of these conditions are not met, the milestone payments are deferred and recognized as revenue over the term of the arrangement as the Company completes its performance obligations.
Revenue from research funding is recognized when the services are performed in order to match revenues to expenses incurred and is typically based on the fully burdened cost of a researcher working on a collaboration. Revenue is recognized ratably over the period as services are performed, with the balance reflected as deferred revenue until earned.
Note 6: Net Loss Per Common Share
Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and diluted net loss per common share is computed by giving effect to all dilutive potential common stock, including options, mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock, convertible preferred stock and warrants.
Diluted net loss per common share for all periods presented is the same as basic net loss per share because the potential common shares were anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive common shares not included in net loss attributable to common stockholders are summarized as follows:
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Common stock related to options |
1,391,683 | 2,335,450 | 2,125,530 | 2,101,530 | ||||||||||||
Warrants |
| 36,439 | 9,131 | 18,471 | ||||||||||||
Convertible preferred stock |
| 160,721 | | 160,721 | ||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable
convertible preferred stock |
| 15,775,519 | | 14,347,285 | ||||||||||||
Total |
1,391,683 | 18,308,129 | 2,134,661 | 16,628,007 | ||||||||||||
The Companys historical capital structure is not indicative of its prospective structure due to the automatic conversion of all shares of preferred stock into common stock concurrent with the closing of the Companys initial public offering. The 2003 anti-dilutive common shares are not indicative of the 2004 anti-dilutive common shares. Accordingly, historical basic net loss per common share should not be used as an indicator of future earnings per common share.
9
Note 7: Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures compensation expense to employees using the intrinsic value method as prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25, Accounting For Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and provides pro forma disclosures of net loss as if the fair value based method was applied as prescribed by SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123). Accordingly, the Company does not recognize compensation expense for options granted to employees when the exercise price equals or exceeds the fair value of common stock as of the grant date. Stock-based awards to consultants are accounted for under the provisions of SFAS 123 and Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services.
Had employee compensation cost for the Companys stock-based compensation plan been determined based on the fair value at the grant dates for awards using the Black-Scholes model prescribed by SFAS 123, the Companys pro forma net loss and pro forma net loss per share would be as follows:
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Net loss
attributable to
common
stockholders, as
reported |
$ | (13,002,564 | ) | $ | (52,309,061 | ) | $ | (42,199,354 | ) | $ | (79,473,806 | ) | ||||
Add: Total
stock-based
employee
compensation
expense included in
reported net loss |
890,528 | 724,156 | 3,172,417 | 1,660,593 | ||||||||||||
Deduct: Total
stock-based
employee
compensation
expense determined
under fair value
based method |
(1,493,230 | ) | (731,868 | ) | (4,444,053 | ) | (1,604,619 | ) | ||||||||
Pro forma net loss |
$ | (13,605,266 | ) | $ | (52,316,773 | ) | $ | (43,470,990 | ) | $ | (79,417,832 | ) | ||||
Pro forma basic and
diluted net loss
per common share |
$ | (0.51 | ) | $ | (50.30 | ) | $ | (1.64 | ) | $ | (76.94 | ) | ||||
Basic and diluted
net loss per common
share, as reported |
$ | (0.49 | ) | $ | (50.29 | ) | $ | (1.59 | ) | $ | (76.99 | ) | ||||
Note 8: Accounts Payable
Accounts payable are comprised of the following:
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Trade |
$ | 173,034 | $ | 679,827 | ||||
Research and development |
8,521,960 | 6,510,549 | ||||||
Related party |
458,383 | 404,559 | ||||||
$ | 9,153,377 | $ | 7,594,935 | |||||
Note 9: Commitments and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of its business, the Company makes certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These include indemnities of clinical investigators, consultants and contract research organizations involved in the development of the Companys clinical stage products, indemnities of distributors of its marketed product, indemnities to its lenders and certain shareholders and indemnities to directors and officers of the Company to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. The duration of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees varies, and in certain cases is indefinite. The majority of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees does not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments the Company could be obligated to make. The Company has not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments and guarantees in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company accrues for losses for any known contingent liability, including those that may
10
arise from indemnification provisions, when future payment is probable and in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. No such losses have been recorded to date.
Note 10: Business Segments
The Company operates in the United States and in certain countries throughout Europe under one operating segment. All product sales from Inception to September 30, 2004 have occurred in Europe through the Companys subsidiary.
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Product sales: |
||||||||||||||||
Germany |
$ | 218,698 | $ | 205,314 | $ | 610,049 | $ | 540,765 | ||||||||
Netherlands |
221,424 | 176,980 | 709,040 | 557,511 | ||||||||||||
United Kingdom |
163,416 | 144,090 | 543,172 | 378,381 | ||||||||||||
Italy |
94,362 | 90,495 | 395,233 | 319,073 | ||||||||||||
France |
73,159 | 80,357 | 240,631 | 247,960 | ||||||||||||
Other |
12,176 | 9,777 | 36,588 | 28,133 | ||||||||||||
$ | 783,235 | $ | 707,013 | $ | 2,534,713 | $ | 2,071,823 | |||||||||
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Property and equipment,
net: |
||||||||
United States |
$ | 2,226,533 | $ | 1,234,685 | ||||
Europe |
53,761 | 69,343 | ||||||
$ | 2,280,294 | $ | 1,304,028 | |||||
Note 11: Equity Transaction
On September 29, 2004, the Company completed a Private Investment in a Public Entity (PIPE) financing, in which 9,195,400 new shares of common stock and warrants exercisable for 1,839,080 shares of common stock were issued. The warrants have an exercise price per share of $7.80, with a five-year life and are fully vested and exercisable six months from the closing date. In accordance with EITF 00-19, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Companys Own Stock, the warrants have been included as permanent equity and valued at fair value on the date of issuance. The fair value of the warrants at the grant date of $10,133,331 was determined using the Black-Scholes model.
Note 12: Subsequent Events
On October 4, 2004, President Bush signed into law the Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004 (2004 Act). Included as part of the 2004 Act is a provision that reinstates the research tax credit that expired on June 30, 2004. The reinstatement is retroactive to June 30, 2004 and the credit will be available through December 31, 2005. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this reinstatement, which could have an impact on the Companys research and development credit for the year ended December 31, 2004.
Effective November 1, 2004, the lease for the Companys office and laboratory space was amended to extend the lease term to October 31, 2008, add an additional 2,025 square feet of office space and lower the rent per square foot, resulting in a net increase in payments of approximately $500,000 over the amended lease term.
11
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including this Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations, beliefs, assumptions and intentions. Words such as expect, anticipate, target, goal, project, intend, plan, believe, seek, estimate, variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements which refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our business and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Risk Factors, other cautionary statements included in this report, in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 and in Myogens other periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K. We are providing the information in this quarterly report filed on Form 10-Q as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statements to reflect the effect on those statements of subsequent events or changes in our expectations or assumptions.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We believe that our advanced understanding of the biology of cardiovascular disease combined with our clinical development expertise in cardiovascular therapeutics provide us with the capability to discover novel therapies, as well as identify, license or acquire products that address serious, debilitating cardiovascular disorders that are not adequately treated with existing therapies.
We have three product candidates in late-stage clinical development: enoximone capsules for the treatment of chronic heart failure, ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and darusentan for the treatment of resistant systolic hypertension. All three of our product candidates are orally administered small molecules that we believe offer advantages over currently available therapies. In addition, we currently market an intravenous (i.v.) formulation of enoximone, Perfan I.V., for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure in eight countries in Europe. We are evaluating enoximone capsules in three Phase III trials, and we completed one other Phase III trial in February 2004. In May, we announced the completion of enrollment of 1,800 patients for two of the trials, with patient treatment to continue until 956 patients have had a primary endpoint event (cardiovascular hospitalization or all-cause mortality). We expect patient treatment in both trials will be completed by the end of this year. At that time, the mean patient treatment period will exceed 18 months. We expect to report preliminary top-line results mid-year 2005. We completed a Phase II clinical trial of ambrisentan in September 2003 and announced the initiation of the two pivotal Phase III trials, ARIES-1 and -2, in January 2004. Our goal is to complete patient enrollment in the ARIES trials by the end of the first half of 2005. We announced in August 2004 that we added additional resources to aid enrollment in the trials. Early indications suggest that these initiatives to accelerate enrollment to meet this target are having a positive effect, although several additional months will be required to draw definitive conclusions on the degree of impact. In addition, we expect to report preliminary results of the trials approximately six months following the completion of patient enrollment. In July 2004, we announced the initiation of patient enrollment in a Phase IIb clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of darusentan in patients with resistant systolic hypertension. Enrollment in the 105 patient trial is progressing in line with our expectations. We currently expect the trial to be completed mid-year 2005.
On March 25, 2004, we announced preliminary results of EMOTE, a non-pivotal Phase III study of enoximone capsules in 201 patients with the most advanced stages of chronic heart failure who are dependent on i.v. inotrope therapy. The study was designed to evaluate enoximone capsules as effective treatment to wean patients off of i.v. inotrope therapy. Analysis of the primary endpoint, wean success at 30 days, demonstrated a wean success rate of 61% in the enoximone-treated group and 51% in the placebo-treated group. This difference did not reach statistical significance. The key secondary endpoints, which also evaluated wean from i.v. inotrope therapy, but over time, rather than at a fixed 30-day time point, were
12
achieved, demonstrating a therapeutic benefit over periods of 45, 60 and 90 days of treatment with enoximone. The safety results demonstrated no statistical difference in serious adverse events or mortality between the groups receiving placebo or enoximone capsules. Additional detailed results were presented at the 8th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Heart Failure Society of America on September 15, 2004 in Toronto, Canada.
Through our internal research program and academic collaborations, we are developing an advanced understanding of the biological pathways of heart disease and have discovered several novel molecular targets that we believe play a key role in heart failure. In October 2003, to advance our discovery research program, we entered into a research collaboration with the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. (Novartis) for the discovery and development of novel drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In exchange for license payments and a commitment to fund our research, Novartis has an exclusive right to license drug targets and compounds developed through the collaboration.
We are in the development stage and since inception have devoted substantially all of our efforts to the discovery, in-licensing and development of drugs to treat cardiovascular disease. We have incurred losses each year since our inception and had an accumulated deficit of $160.7 million as of September 30, 2004. We incurred operating losses of $13.2 million and $8.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, $42.6 million and $27.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and $43.0 million, $28.8 million and $17.8 million for the years 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Our research and development expenses have historically been much higher than our revenues. Based on current spending projections, we anticipate that our current cash, cash equivalents and investments, which includes the proceeds from our recently completed PIPE, together with the proceeds of the Novartis collaboration, will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least the end of 2005. However, our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to fund our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties and actual results could vary materially. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue one or more of our clinical trials, those aspects of our drug discovery program not funded by Novartis, or other aspects of our operations.
On September 29, 2004, the Company completed a Private Investment in a Public Entity (PIPE) financing, in which 9,195,400 new shares of common stock and warrants exercisable for 1,839,080 shares of common stock were issued for total proceeds of $57.2 million, net of $2.8 million in issuance costs. The warrants have an exercise price per share of $7.80, with a five-year life and are fully vested and exercisable six months from the closing date.
Our current revenue is derived from research and development contract revenues from our agreement with Novartis signed in October 2003 and sales of Perfan I.V. in eight European countries. Even if our research and development contract revenues continue to increase and our sales and marketing efforts lead to modest increases in Perfan I.V. sales in future periods, we do not expect that such increases will result in a material reduction in our overall net loss. Our cost of product sold reflects the cost of Perfan I.V., which we purchase exclusively from contract manufacturers, and the cost of royalties payable to Aventis.
Our primary business activities have been focused on the development of enoximone capsules, ambrisentan and darusentan. From inception to September 30, 2004, we have incurred expenses of approximately $70.0 million, $30.5 million and $8.5 million for the development of enoximone capsules, ambrisentan and darusentan, respectively. These expenses represent both clinical development costs and the costs associated with non-clinical support activities such as toxicological testing, manufacturing process development and regulatory consulting services. We also report the costs of product licenses in this category, including our milestone obligations associated with the licensing of enoximone, ambrisentan and darusentan.
While some of our research and development expenses are the result of the internal costs related directly to our employees, a majority of the expenses are charged to us by external service providers, including clinical research organizations and contract manufacturers. The cost of our clinical trial programs is the most significant portion of our development expenses, with the number of patients enrolled in a trial and the attendant level of contract research organization and clinical site activity being the principal cost determinants. We expect that expenses in the research and development category will increase for the foreseeable future as we add personnel and expand our clinical trial activities. The amount of the increase is difficult to predict due to the uncertainty inherent in the timing of clinical trial initiations, the rate of patient enrollment and the detailed design of future trials. In addition, the results from our trials, as well as the
13
results of trials of similar drugs under development by others, will influence the number, size and duration of planned and unplanned trials.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2004 and 2003
Revenues
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||
Product sales |
$ | 783 | $ | 707 | ||||
Research and development contracts |
1,667 | | ||||||
$ | 2,450 | $ | 707 | |||||
Product sales
Product sales were derived from sales of Perfan I.V. in Europe. Unit sales were consistent in both periods. Most of the increase in 2004 as compared to 2003 was due to a favorable change in the euro exchange rate. We do not anticipate significant future growth in Perfan I.V. sales.
Research and development contracts revenue
Research and development contracts revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2004 were related to the research collaboration with Novartis initiated in October 2003; therefore, there were no corresponding revenues in the prior period. The research and development revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2004 consists of license revenue totaling $417,000 and research support funding of $1.25 million. The license revenue reflects the non-refundable upfront payment from Novartis, which is being recognized ratably over three years. The research support funding is related to the fully burdened cost of the researchers working on the further development of specific potential drug targets and is recognized in the period in which the services are performed and expenses are incurred.
Costs and Expenses
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||
Cost of product sold |
$ | 240 | $ | 220 | ||||
Research and development (excluding
stock-based compensation expense) |
12,335 | 7,052 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative
(excluding stock-based compensation
expense) |
2,086 | 663 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
943 | 841 | ||||||
$ | 15,604 | $ | 8,776 | |||||
Cost of Product Sold
The cost of product sold for Perfan I.V. increased slightly in the three months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the same period in 2003, consistent with the increase in product sales. The cost of
14
Perfan I.V. sold as a percentage of product sales was 31% for both the three months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expenses are summarized as follows:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Development |
||||||||
Enoximone capsules |
$ | 6,213 | $ | 4,720 | ||||
Ambrisentan |
3,997 | 1,693 | ||||||
Darusentan |
749 | | ||||||
Total development |
10,959 | 6,413 | ||||||
License fees |
||||||||
Enoximone |
| | ||||||
Ambrisentan |
| | ||||||
Darusentan |
| | ||||||
Other |
| | ||||||
Total license fees |
| | ||||||
Discovery research |
1,376 | 639 | ||||||
Total research and development |
$ | 12,335 | $ | 7,052 | ||||
The increase in development costs for enoximone capsules in the three months ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 was primarily due to the following:
| $1.1 million increase in clinical investigator site payments and external contract costs associated with clinical monitoring and program management efforts as a result of higher patient enrollment and ongoing patient progress in the ESSENTIAL trials; | |||
| $470,000 increase related to enoximone raw material costs expensed for expected use in manufacturing development and analytical testing; and | |||
| $135,000 increase in the internal costs associated with the management of the enoximone trials primarily due to an increase in the number of employees. |
These increases were partially offset by a $310,000 decrease related to manufacturing process optimization and development.
The increase in development costs for ambrisentan in the three months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the same period in 2003 was primarily related to:
| $2.1 million increase in expenses due to the cost of initiating our two Phase III ARIES trials and the related extension study; | |||
| $610,000 increase in expenses related to work on developing the commercial manufacturing process for ambrisentan; | |||
| $135,000 increase in preclinical toxicology work related to ambrisentan; and | |||
| $100,000 increase in internal expenses associated with the management of the ambrisentan trials primarily due to an increase in the number of employees. |
These increases were partially offset by a $620,000 decrease related to the conclusion of our Phase II PAH trial in September 2003.
The increase in development costs for darusentan in the three months ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 was related to the Phase IIb clinical trial, including $660,000 in
15
external costs and a $75,000 increase in internal expenses, primarily due to an increase in the number of employees.
In the third quarter of 2003, discovery research expenses were reduced by $140,000 of SBIR funding. There was no corresponding funding in the third quarter 2004. In addition, we increased staffing costs related to our collaborative research program with Novartis in the three months ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 which was prior to the initiation of the Novartis collaboration.
Selling, General and Administrative
The $1.4 million increase in selling, general and administrative expense for the three months ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 primarily relates to a $500,000 increase in insurance and professional service costs related to being a public company, an increase of $480,000 related to increased staffing and related recruiting costs, a $110,000 increase related to facility and office maintenance costs related to increased space and staffing, $95,000 related to increased marketing costs and a $60,000 increase related to conferences and consulting work.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expenses increased due to the options granted to employees in the third quarter of 2003 with exercise prices below the fair market value. The Company recorded a full period of amortization of deferred compensation expense on these options in 2004, as compared to only a partial period in 2003. The stock-based compensation expense for each period was allocated between selling, general and administrative and research and development as follows:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Research and development |
$ | 470 | $ | 501 | ||||
Selling, general and administrative |
473 | 340 | ||||||
$ | 943 | $ | 841 | |||||
Interest Income, Net
Interest income net of interest expense was $156,000 and ($55,000) for the three months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Interest income was $266,000 and $95,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The increase in interest income in 2004 relates to the increased investment balance in 2004 as a result of the funds raised in our October 2003 initial public offering. Interest expense declined to $110,000 from $150,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, as a result of the reduced balance remaining on our term loan.
Accretion of Mandatorily Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Accretion of mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock was $4.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2003, and represents the accretion associated with the Series A, Series C and Series D mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock issued by us. There is no corresponding expense in 2004 because all shares of the Series A, C and D mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into common stock upon the completion of our initial public offering on November 4, 2003.
Deemed Dividend
On August 27, 2003, we issued 29,090,908 shares of Series D preferred stock at a price of $1.375 per share and received net proceeds of $39.9 million. As a result, we recorded a beneficial conversion charge of approximately $39.9 million, which was calculated as the difference between the offering price and the fair value of the underlying common stock and limited to the amount of proceeds allocated to the Series D preferred stock in accordance with EITF No. 98-5, Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios. Accordingly, the $39.9 million charge is deemed to be the equivalent of a dividend on the Series D preferred stock. This deemed preferred stock
16
dividend increases the loss applicable to common stockholders in the calculation of basic net loss per share for the third quarter of 2003 and the year to date 2003. There is no corresponding expense in 2004.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2004 and 2003
Revenues
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||
Product sales |
$ | 2,535 | $ | 2,072 | ||||
Research and development contracts |
4,670 | | ||||||
$ | 7,205 | $ | 2,072 | |||||
Product sales
Product sales were derived from sales of Perfan I.V. in Europe. Approximately $235,000 of the increase in 2004 as compared to 2003 was due to a favorable change in the euro exchange rate. Approximately $230,000 of the increase in 2004 as compared to 2003 was due to an increase of approximately 13% in unit sales. We do not anticipate significant future growth in Perfan I.V. sales, and exchange rate fluctuations as well as changes in unit volume and pricing could lead to declines in US dollar sales revenue in future periods.
Research and development contracts revenue
Research and development contracts revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 were related to the research collaboration with Novartis entered into in October 2003; therefore, there were no corresponding revenues in the prior period. The research and development revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 consists of license revenue totaling $1.3 million and research support funding of $3.4 million, respectively. The license revenue reflects the non-refundable upfront payment from Novartis, which is being recognized ratably over three years. The research support funding is related to the fully burdened cost of the researchers working on the further development of specific potential drug targets and is recognized in the period in which the services are performed and expenses are incurred.
Costs and Expenses
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||
Cost of product sold |
$ | 789 | $ | 654 | ||||
Research and development (excluding
stock-based compensation expense) |
39,421 | 24,622 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative
(excluding stock-based compensation
expense) |
6,368 | 2,565 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
3,277 | 2,106 | ||||||
$ | 49,855 | $ | 29,947 | |||||
Cost of Product Sold
The cost of product sold for Perfan I.V. increased slightly in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 compared to the same period in 2003 due to the increased number of units sold. The cost of Perfan I.V. sold as a percentage of product sales was 31% and 32% for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
17
Research and Development
Research and development expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expenses, are summarized as follows:
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Development |
||||||||
Enoximone capsules |
$ | 19,079 | $ | 12,988 | ||||
Ambrisentan |
11,745 | 4,360 | ||||||
Darusentan |
3,453 | | ||||||
Total development |
34,277 | 17,348 | ||||||
License fees |
||||||||
Enoximone |
| | ||||||
Ambrisentan |
1,500 | | ||||||
Darusentan |
| 5,000 | ||||||
Other |
108 | | ||||||
Total license fees |
1,608 | 5,000 | ||||||
Discovery research |
3,536 | 2,274 | ||||||
Total research and development |
$ | 39,421 | $ | 24,622 | ||||
The increase in development costs for enoximone capsules in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 was primarily due to the following:
| $4.5 million increase in clinical investigator site payments and external contract costs associated with clinical monitoring and program management efforts as a result of higher patient enrollment and ongoing patient progress in the ESSENTIAL trials; | |||
| $470,000 increase related to enoximone raw material costs expensed for expected use in manufacturing development and analytical testing; | |||
| $430,000 increase in costs associated with stability and release testing; | |||
| $350,000 increase in costs associated with producing clinical trial materials for the ESSENTIAL trials; and | |||
| $680,000 increase in the internal costs associated with the management of the enoximone trials primarily due to an increase in the number of employees. |
These increases were partially offset by a $260,000 decrease related to manufacturing process optimization and development.
The increase in development costs for ambrisentan in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 was primarily related to:
| $6.2 million increase in expenses due to the cost of initiating our two Phase III ARIES trials and the related extension study; | |||
| $1.8 million increase in expenses related to work on developing the commercial manufacturing process for ambrisentan; | |||
| $235,000 increase in expenses due to the extension study associated with our Phase II PAH trial; and | |||
| $570,000 increase in internal expenses associated with the management of the ambrisentan trials, primarily due to an increase in the number of employees. |
These increases were partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease related to the conclusion of our Phase II PAH trial in September 2003.
18
There were no development costs for darusentan in the nine months ended September 30, 2003. The development costs for darusentan in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 were related to costs for the Phase IIb clinical trial:
| $2.6 million in expenses incurred from clinical research; | |||
| $300,000 in consulting costs; | |||
| $135,000 in expenses related to analytical and regulatory work; and | |||
| $375,000 in internal expenses associated with the management of the darusentan trials primarily due to an increase in the number of employees. |
In the nine months ended September 30, 2004, the license fees were primarily attributable to the initiation of the ambrisentan Phase III trials totaling $1.5 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2003, the $5 million license fee was attributable to the in-licensing of darusentan.
Discovery research expenses increased primarily due to increased staffing costs related to our collaborative research program with Novartis in the nine months ended September 30, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003 which was prior to the initiation of the Novartis collaboration. In addition, we had a decrease of $150,000 in SBIR funding.
Selling, General and Administrative
The $3.8 million increase in selling, general and administrative expense for the nine months ending September 30, 2004 compared to the same period in 2003 primarily relates to:
| $1.5 million increase in insurance and professional service costs related to being a public company; | |||
| $935,000 related to increased staffing and related recruiting costs; | |||
| $260,000 increase related to facility and office maintenance costs related to increased space and staffing; | |||
| $200,000 in increased costs related to our German subsidiary primarily due to timing of annual expenditures and an unfavorable change in the euro exchange rate; | |||
| $180,000 increase in market research costs; and | |||
| $150,000 increase in conferences and consulting costs. |
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expenses increased due to the options granted to employees in the third quarter of 2003 with exercise prices below the fair market value. The Company recorded a full period of amortization of deferred compensation expense on these options in 2004, as compared to only a partial period in 2003. The stock-based compensation expense for each period was allocated between selling, general and administrative and research and development as follows:
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, |
||||||||
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Research and development |
$ | 1,621 | $ | 1,244 | ||||
Selling, general and administrative |
1,656 | 862 | ||||||
$ | 3,277 | $ | 2,106 | |||||
19
Interest Income, Net
Interest income net of interest expense was $465,000 and ($63,000) for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Interest income was $825,000 and $362,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The increase in interest income in 2004 relates to the increased investment balance for the nine months of 2004. Interest expense declined to $360,000 from $425,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively, as a result of the reduced balance remaining on our term loan.
Accretion of Mandatorily Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Accretion of mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock was $11.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2003, and represents the accretion associated with the Series A, Series C and Series D mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock issued by us. There is no corresponding expense in 2004 due to the conversion of all shares of the Series A, C and D mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock on November 4, 2003.
Deemed Dividend
On August 27, 2003, we issued 29,090,908 shares of Series D preferred stock at a price of $1.375 per share and received net proceeds of $39.9 million. In the third quarter of 2003, we recorded a beneficial conversion charge of approximately $39.9 million, which was calculated as the difference between the offering price and the fair value of the underlying common stock and limited to the amount of proceeds allocated to the Series D preferred stock in accordance with EITF No. 98-5, Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios. Accordingly, the $39.9 million charge is deemed to be the equivalent of a dividend on the Series D preferred stock. This deemed preferred stock dividend increases the loss applicable to common stockholders in the calculation of basic net loss per share for the third quarter of 2003 and the year to date 2003. There is no corresponding expense in 2004.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
From our inception on June 10, 1996 to September 30, 2004, we primarily funded our operations with $258.0 million (net of issuance costs) from private equity financings and our initial public offering, $10.0 million from sales of Perfan I.V., $8.0 million related to a research and development contract, $5.3 million from term loans and $2.9 million from net interest income earned on cash equivalents and short- and long-term investments. Cash, cash equivalents and investments were $132.2 million and $114.3 million at September 30, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively. On August 27, 2003, we raised net proceeds of $39.9 million through the sale of additional shares of our Series D preferred stock. In addition, on November 7, 2003, we completed our initial public offering, raising net proceeds of $73.3 million. On September 29, 2004, the Company completed a Private Investment in a Public Entity (PIPE) financing, in which 9,195,400 new shares of common stock and warrants exercisable for 1,839,080 shares of common stock were issued for proceeds of $57.2 million, net of $2.8 million in issuance costs. The warrants have an exercise price per share of $7.80. Our cash outflows through the end of 2005 are expected to consist primarily of external expenses related to our research and development programs and payroll costs. We believe our cash is sufficient to meet these needs. Our cash outflows beyond one year are also expected to consist primarily of external expenses related to our research and development programs, as well as payroll costs. Based on current spending projections, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and investment balances, which include the proceeds from our recently completed PIPE, together with theproceeds of the Novartis collaboration, are sufficient to fund our future operations, including capital expenditures through at least the end of 2005. We intend to pursue potential additional collaborations and future equity offerings. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue one or more of our clinical trials, those aspects of our drug discovery program not funded by Novartis or other aspects of our operations.
Our cash, cash equivalents and investments are held in a variety of interest-bearing instruments, consisting of U.S. government and agency securities, high-grade U.S. corporate bonds, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, commercial paper and money market accounts. Our Board of Directors has approved our written investment policy, which limits our investment instruments to those mentioned above. We review compliance with this policy on a monthly basis.
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At September 30, 2004, we had approximately $2.3 million in net fixed assets. We expect to purchase additional equipment and to invest in leasehold improvements, and we expect our spending on capital assets to grow in future years.
Operating activities resulted in net cash outflows of $36.1 million and $22.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The cumulative net cash outflow from operating activities from our inception to September 30, 2004 was $124.4 million. The use of cash in all periods was primarily a result of our losses from operations.
Investing activities resulted in net cash inflows of $20.6 million and net cash outflows of $16.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The net cash inflow for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 resulted from $1.4 million in capital asset expenditures and $91.7 million in purchases of investments offset by $113.6 million in proceeds related to the maturity of short-term investments. The net cash outflow for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 resulted from $145,000 in capital asset expenditures, proceeds from the sale of capital assets of $318,000 and $51.2 million in purchases of investments offset by $34.9 million in proceeds from the sale of short-term investments. Cumulative investing activities from inception to September 30, 2004 resulted in net cash outflows of $51.5 million, with $3.8 million in net capital asset expenditures offset by $332,000 in proceeds from the sale of property and equipment and $415.1 million in purchases of investments offset by $367.0 million in proceeds from the maturity of short-term investments.
Financing activities resulted in net cash inflows of $55.9 million and $39.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003 consisted primarily of payments of $1.3 million and $669,000 on our term loan, respectively. On September 29, 2004, the Company completed a PIPE financing, in which 9,195,400 new shares of common stock and warrants exercisable for 1,839,080 shares of common stock were issued for total proceeds of $57.2 million, net of $2.8 million in issuance costs. In November 2003, we completed an initial public offering of 5,750,000 shares of our common stock, including the underwriters over-allotment. Concurrent with the initial public offering, all of the 98,021,120 shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding automatically converted into common stock at a five-to-one ratio, resulting in the issuance of 19,604,186 shares of common stock. The Company received net proceeds of $73.3 million from its initial public offering, net of $7.2 million in expenses and underwriters discount relating to the issuance and distribution of the securities. On August 27, 2003, we raised net proceeds of $39.9 million through the sale of additional shares of our Series D preferred stock. Cumulative financing activities from our inception to September 30, 2004 resulted in net cash inflows of $260.6 million, primarily related to the issuance of our Series A, C and D preferred stock, the sale of shares of our common stock in our initial public offering, the PIPE and borrowings under our term loans.
Total operating lease expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2004 and 2003 was approximately $390,000 and $300,000, respectively. Effective November 1, 2004, the lease for our office and laboratory space was amended to extend the lease term to October 31, 2008, add an additional 2,025 square feet of office space and lower the rent per square foot. We have future payment commitments for operating leases of approximately $1.0 million, principally for our office and laboratory space as of September 30, 2004. As a result of this amendment, our future payment commitments for operating leases increased to approximately $1.5 million, as a result of the increased lease term and square footage, offset by a decrease in rent per square foot. In addition, many of our contracts with clinical research organizations, contract manufacturers, academic research agreements and others contain termination provisions that would require us to make final payments if we were to terminate prematurely. The size of these payments depends upon the timing and circumstances of the termination, and therefore the extent of the future commitments cannot be meaningfully quantified.
Based on current spending projections, we anticipate that our current cash, cash equivalents and investments, which includes the proceeds from our recently completed PIPE, together with the proceeds of the Novartis collaboration, will be sufficient to fund our operations through at least the end of 2005. However, our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary materially. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue one or more of our clinical trials, those aspects of our drug discovery program not funded by Novartis or other aspects of our operations.
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Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial consolidated statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our critical accounting policies that require the use of estimates and informed management judgments include:
| revenue recognition; | |||
| accounting for research and development expenses; | |||
| estimating the value of our equity instruments for use in deferred stock-based compensation calculations; and | |||
| accounting for income taxes. |
Revenue Recognition.
We recognize revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements (SAB 104). Arrangements with multiple elements are accounted for in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables, or EITF 00-21. We consider this methodology to be the most appropriate for our business model and current revenue streams.
Product Sales. Sales are recognized when the following four revenue recognition criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) product is shipped from the distributors consignment stock to the customer; (iii) the selling price is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collection is reasonably assured. Once the product is shipped to the customer, the Company does not allow product returns.
Research and development contracts. We may enter into collaborative agreements with pharmaceutical companies where the other party generally receives exclusive marketing and distribution rights for certain products for set time periods and set geographic areas. The rights associated with this research and development are assigned or can be assigned to the collaborator or through a license at the collaborators option. The terms of the collaborative agreements can include non-refundable licensing fees, funding of research and development efforts, payments based on achievement of certain milestones, and royalties on product sales. We analyze our multiple element arrangements to determine whether the elements can be separated and accounted for individually as separate units of accounting in accordance with EITF 00-21. We recognize up-front license payments as revenue if the license has standalone value and the fair value of the undelivered items can be determined. If the license is considered to have standalone value but the fair value on any of the undelivered items cannot be determined, the license payments are recognized as revenue over the period of performance for such undelivered items or services.
Non-refundable license fees received are recorded as deferred revenue once received or irrevocably committed, and are recognized ratably over the longer of the development period to which they relate or the expected duration of the contractual relationship. Where there are two or more distinct phases embedded into one contract (such as product development and subsequent commercialization or manufacturing), the contracts may be considered multiple element arrangements. When it can be demonstrated that each of these phases is at fair value, they are treated as separate earnings processes with upfront fees being recognized over only the initial product development phase. The relevant time period for the product development phase is based on management estimates and could vary depending upon the outcome of clinical trials and the regulatory approval process. As a result, management frequently reviews the appropriate time period.
Milestone payments, based on designated achievement points that are considered at risk and substantive at the inception of the collaborative contract, are recognized as earned when the earnings process is complete and the corresponding payment is reasonably assured. We evaluate whether milestone payments
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are at risk and substantive based on the contingent nature of the milestone, specifically reviewing factors such as the technological and commercial risk that needs to be overcome and the level of investment required. Milestone payments related to arrangements under which we have continuing performance obligations are recognized as revenue upon achievement of the milestone only if all of the following conditions are met: the milestone payments are non-refundable; achievement of the milestone was not reasonably assured at the inception of the arrangement; substantive effort is involved in achieving the milestone; and the amount of the milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with the achievement of the milestone. If any of these conditions are not met, the milestone payments are deferred and recognized as revenue over the term of the arrangement as the Company completes its performance obligations.
Revenue from research funding is recognized when the services are performed and is typically based on the fully burdened cost of a researcher working on a collaboration. Revenue is recognized ratably over the period as services are performed, with the balance reflected as deferred revenue until earned.
Accounting for research and development expenses. Our research and development expense category is primarily composed of costs associated with product development for enoximone capsules, ambrisentan and darusentan. These expenses represent both clinical development costs and the costs associated with non-clinical support activities such as toxicological testing, manufacturing process development and regulatory consulting services. Clinical development costs represent internal costs for personnel, external costs incurred at clinical sites and contractual payments to third party clinical research organizations to perform certain clinical trials. We also report the costs of product licenses in this category, including our ongoing milestone obligations associated with the licensing of ambrisentan and darusentan. Our product candidates do not currently have regulatory approval; accordingly, we expense the license and milestone fees when we incur the liability. We have a discovery research effort, which is conducted in part on our premises by our scientists and in part through collaborative agreements.
While some of our research and development expenses are the result of the internal costs related directly to our employees, a majority of the expenses are charged to us by external service providers, including clinical research organizations and contract manufacturers, and by our academic collaborators. We accrue research and development expenses for activity occurring during the fiscal period prior to receiving invoices from clinical sites and third party clinical research organizations. We accrue external costs for clinical studies based on the progress of the clinical trials, including patient enrollment, progress by the enrolled patients through the trial, and contractual costs with clinical research organizations and clinical sites. We record internal costs primarily related to personnel in clinical development and external costs related to non-clinical studies and basic research when incurred. Amounts received from other parties to fund our research and development efforts where the reimbursing party does not obtain any rights to the research or drug candidates are recognized as a reduction to research and development expense as the costs are incurred. Significant judgments and estimates must be made and used in determining the accrued balance in any accounting period. Actual costs incurred may or may not match the estimated costs for a given accounting period.
We expect that expenses in the research and development category will increase for the foreseeable future as we add personnel, expand our clinical trial activities and increase our discovery research capabilities. The amount of the increase is difficult to predict due to the uncertainty inherent in the timing of clinical trial initiations, progress in our discovery research program, the rate of patient enrollment and the detailed design of future trials. In addition, the results from each of our trials, as well as the results of trials of similar drugs under development by others, will influence the number, size and duration of both planned and unplanned trials.
Valuation of equity instruments. We record compensation expense related to options issued to consultants and options issued to, or common stock sold to, employees at less than the fair value. As a result, we have recorded deferred stock-based compensation expense that represents, in the case of employees, the difference between the option exercise price and the fair value of our common stock. In the case of consultants, deferred stock-based compensation represents the fair value of the options granted, computed using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. These expenses are based on the fair value of the options and common stock. Because there has been no public market for our common stock until recently, we have estimated the fair value of these equity instruments using various valuation methods. Subsequent to our initial public offering on October 30, 2003, we estimate the fair value of these equity instruments using the value for our common stock that the public market establishes. Deferred stock-based
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compensation for employees is recognized over the remaining vesting period of the related option. Deferred stock-based compensation related to consultants is recognized over the vesting period of the related option and the amount recognized is subject to change based on changes in the fair value of our common stock. We recognize stock-based compensation using an accelerated method as described in Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 28, Accounting for Stock Appreciation Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans, an Interpretation of APB Opinions No. 15 and 25 (FIN 28).
Accounting for income taxes. We must make significant management judgments when determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We record full valuation allowances against our net deferred tax asset balances, due to uncertainties related to our deferred tax assets as a result of our history of operating losses. The valuation allowance is based on our estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which we operate and the period over which our deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods we may need to change the valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
On October 4, 2004, President Bush signed into law the Working Families Tax Relief Act of 2004 (2004 Act). Included as part of the 2004 Act is a provision that reinstates the research tax credit that expired on June 30, 2004. The reinstatement is retroactive to June 30, 2004 and the credit will be available through December 31, 2005. We are currently evaluating the impact of this reinstatement, which could have an impact on the Companys research and development credit for the year ended December 31, 2004.
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RISK FACTORS
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report, as well as in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, in Myogens other periodic reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K and in Myogens Registration Statement on Form S-3, are risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report.
We are at an early stage of development as a company and we do not have, and may never have, any products that generate significant revenues. |
We are at an early stage of development as a biopharmaceutical company, and we do not have any commercial products that generate significant revenues. Our existing product candidates will require extensive additional clinical evaluation, regulatory review, significant marketing efforts and substantial investment before they could provide us with any revenues. Our efforts may not lead to commercially successful drugs, for a number of reasons, including:
| our product candidates may not prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials; | |||
| we may not be able to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates or approvals may be narrower than we seek; | |||
| we may not have adequate financial or other resources to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates; or | |||
| any products that are approved may not be accepted in the marketplace. |
Other than sales of Perfan I.V. in Europe, which are only minor, we do not expect to be able to market any of our product candidates for a number of years. If we are unable to develop, receive approval for, or successfully commercialize any of our product candidates, we will be unable to generate significant revenues. If our development programs are delayed, we may have to raise additional capital or reduce or cease our operations.
If we fail to obtain additional financing, we may be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates or continue our research and development programs. |
Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. To date, our sources of cash have been primarily limited to the sale of our equity securities. We expect to continue to spend substantial amounts on research and development, including amounts spent on conducting clinical trials for our product candidates, manufacturing clinical supplies and expanding our discovery research programs. In 2004, this rate of cash consumption would have been even higher had research and development funding not been received. In the first nine months of 2004, our operations consumed approximately $4.0 million of cash per month, compared to approximately $2.5 million of cash per month in calendar 2003. We expect that our monthly cash used by operations will continue to increase for the next several years. Based on current spending projections, we believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and investments, which includes the proceeds from our recently completed PIPE, together with the proceeds of the Novartis collaboration, are sufficient to fund operations through at least the end of 2005. We will be required to raise additional capital to complete the development and commercialization of our current product candidates. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue one or more of our drug development or discovery research programs. We also may be required to:
| seek collaborators for our product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; and | |||
| relinquish, license or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available. |
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We may experience delays in our clinical trials that could adversely affect our financial position and our commercial prospects. |
We do not know when our current clinical trials will be completed, if at all. We also cannot accurately predict when other planned clinical trials will begin or be completed. Many factors affect patient enrollment, including the size of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, competing clinical trials and new drugs approved for the conditions we are investigating. Other companies are conducting clinical trials and have announced plans for future trials that are seeking or likely to seek patients with the same diseases as those we are studying. Competition for patients in some cardiovascular disease trials is particularly intense because of the limited number of leading specialist physicians and the geographic concentration of major clinical centers. In particular, a number of factors may decrease the pace of enrollment in our Phase III ARIES trials of ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from what we have projected. These factors include the inclusion of placebo control groups, which may decrease the pace of enrollment compared to our Phase II trial; competing trials being conducted by Encysive Pharmaceuticals Inc. of sitaxsentan in substantially similar PAH patient populations; the expected Phase IV trial of Tracleer in PAH patients with Class II symptoms to be conducted by Actelion Ltd.; and the continued or increased off-label prescription of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with PAH based on the results of a Phase III trial conducted by Pfizer and reported at the annual conference of the American College of Chest Physcians in October 2004. We have committed additional resources to the ARIES trials in an attempt to increase the likelihood of completing enrollment in our expected time frame. These efforts may not be successful in increasing or maintaining the current enrollment rates. As a result of all of the numerous factors which can affect the pace of progress of clinical trials, our trials may take longer to enroll patients than we anticipate. Delays in patient enrollment in the trials may increase our costs and slow down our product development and approval process. In addition, two of our current clinical trials for enoximone capsules are designed to continue until a pre-specified number of events have occurred to the patients enrolled. These trials are subject to delays stemming from patient withdrawal and from lower than expected event rates. Our product development costs will also increase if we need to perform more or larger clinical trials than planned. If other companies product candidates show favorable results, we may conduct additional clinical trials. Any delays in completing our clinical trials will delay our ability to generate revenue from product sales, and we may have insufficient capital resources to support our operations. Even if we do have sufficient capital resources, our ability to become profitable will be delayed.
Adverse events in our clinical trials may force us to stop development of our product candidates or prevent regulatory approval of our product candidates. |
Our product candidates may produce serious adverse events. These adverse events could interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials of our product candidates and could result in the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, or other regulatory authorities denying approval of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications. An independent data safety monitoring board, the FDA, other regulatory authorities or we may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time. We cannot assure you that any of our product candidates will be safe for human use.
Our applications for regulatory approval could be delayed or denied due to problems with studies conducted before we in-licensed the product candidates. |
We are developing product candidates, including enoximone capsules, ambrisentan and darusentan, that we have in-licensed from other pharmaceutical companies. Many of the pre-clinical studies and some of the clinical studies on these product candidates were conducted by other companies before we in-licensed the product candidates. In some cases, the studies were conducted when regulatory requirements were different from today. We would incur unanticipated costs and experience delays if we were required to repeat some or all of those studies. Even if the previous studies are acceptable to regulatory authorities, we may have to spend additional time analyzing and presenting the results of the studies. Problems with the previous studies could cause our regulatory applications to be delayed or rejected. For example, as a result of changing regulatory standards, we may be required to repeat certain animal toxicology studies for enoximone prior to the submission of our application for marketing approval. If we must repeat these studies, we would experience an increase in our expenditures and the final regulatory approval of enoximone could be jeopardized or delayed.
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If our product candidates do not meet safety or efficacy endpoints in clinical evaluations, they will not receive regulatory approval and we will be unable to market them. |
Other than Perfan I.V., which is approved for use in several European countries, our current product candidates, enoximone capsules, ambrisentan and darusentan, are in clinical development and have not received regulatory approval from the FDA or any foreign regulatory authority.
The regulatory approval process typically is extremely expensive, takes many years and the timing of any approval cannot be accurately predicted. If we fail to obtain regulatory approval for our current or future product candidates, we will be unable to market and sell such products and therefore may never be profitable.
As part of the regulatory approval process, we must conduct pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for each product candidate to demonstrate safety and efficacy. The number of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials that will be required varies depending on the product candidate, the indication being evaluated, the trial results and regulations applicable to any particular product candidate.
The results of pre-clinical studies and initial clinical trials of our product candidates do not necessarily predict the results of later-stage clinical trials. Preliminary results may not be confirmed upon full analysis of the detailed results of a trial. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy despite having progressed through initial clinical trials. We cannot assure you that the data collected from the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates will be sufficient to support FDA or other regulatory approval. In addition, the continuation of a particular study after review by an independent data safety monitoring board does not necessarily indicate that our product candidate will achieve the clinical endpoint or prove to be safe.
The FDA and other regulatory agencies can delay, limit or deny approval for many reasons, including:
| a product candidate may not be safe or effective; | |||
| the manufacturing processes or facilities we have selected may not meet the applicable requirements; and | |||
| changes in their approval policies or adoption of new regulations may require additional work. |
Any delay in, or failure to receive or maintain, approval for any of our products could prevent us from ever generating meaningful revenues or achieving profitability.
There can be no assurance that enoximone capsules do not increase mortality. |
Clinical trials with type-III phosphodiesterase, or PDE-III, inhibitors, including enoximone capsules, have shown that at certain doses these compounds can increase the risk of mortality in specific patient populations. In studies of enoximone capsules administered at doses of 100 to 300 milligrams three times a day, some patients experienced abnormal rhythms in the beating of the heart. In one Phase II placebo-controlled trial involving 151 patients administered placebo capsules or enoximone capsules at 100 milligrams three times a day, there was a statistically significant increase in the mortality rate in the group of patients receiving enoximone capsules compared to the group of patients receiving placebo capsules: 36% of the patients treated with enoximone capsules died during the evaluation period versus 23% of the patients treated with placebo. We are testing enoximone capsules administered at doses of 25 and 50 milligrams three times a day. The preliminary results of the EMOTE trial announced in March 2004 demonstrated a six-month mortality rate of 38% for the group of patients receiving enoximone and 31% for the group of patients receiving placebo. Although the difference in the mortality rates between these two groups did not achieve statistical significance, we cannot assure you that increased mortality will not occur at these lower doses in our larger pivotal clinical trials or in commercial usage after approval. If we are unable to clearly demonstrate that mortality is not increased by enoximone capsules at these lower doses, we are not likely to receive regulatory approval to market enoximone capsules.
Market acceptance of our product candidates is uncertain. |
We cannot assure you that physicians will prescribe or patients will use enoximone capsules, ambrisentan or darusentan, if they are approved. Physicians will prescribe our products only if they determine, based on experience, clinical data, side effect profiles and other factors, that they are preferable
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to other products then in use or beneficial in combination with other products. Recommendations and endorsements by influential physicians will be essential for market acceptance of our products, and we may not be able to obtain these recommendations and endorsements. Because of prior reports of increased mortality caused by high dose enoximone capsules in earlier clinical trials, physicians may be unwilling to use enoximone capsules in treating their patients. Physicians may not be willing to use ambrisentan and darusentan because of demonstrated adverse side effects such as damage to testes in some animal species. Additionally, market acceptance of endothelin receptor antagonists will be limited because they are known to cause birth defects in animals and are believed to do the same in humans.
Enoximone capsules for the treatment of chronic heart failure and ambrisentan for the treatment of PAH both address highly competitive markets and the availability of other drugs and devices for the same indications may slow or reduce market acceptance of our products. Drugs such as beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics have been on the market for many years, and physicians have experience with prescribing these products for the treatment of chronic heart failure. Tracleer, a non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist, is a drug that has been approved for PAH, the same indication we intend for ambrisentan, and has been available since December 2001. Adoption of ambrisentan may be slow if physicians continue to prescribe Tracleer. In addition, sitaxsentan, an ETA selective endothelin receptor antagonist like ambrisentan, is in clinical trials for the treatment of PAH. Sitaxsentan is at a more advanced stage of development than ambrisentan and could be on the market before ambrisentan. If sitaxsentan or sildenafil is approved and achieves market acceptance prior to ambrisentan, the adoption of ambrisentan may be slowed or reduced. Pfizer Inc is evaluating the use of sildenafil (Viagra) for the treatment of PAH, and it reported results of a 278-patient Phase III trial at the annual meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians in October 2004. The results of their study suggest that sildenafil could become a major competitor to ambrisentan.
Many other factors influence the adoption of new pharmaceuticals, including marketing and distribution restrictions, adverse publicity, product pricing and reimbursement by third-party payors. Even if our product candidates achieve market acceptance, the market may not be large enough to result in significant revenues. The failure of our product candidates to achieve market acceptance would prevent us from ever generating meaningful product revenues.
If we are unable to develop adequate sales, marketing or distribution capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to perform some of these functions, we will not be able to commercialize our products effectively. |
We have limited experience in sales, marketing and distribution. To directly market and distribute any products, we must build a sales and marketing organization with appropriate technical expertise and distribution capabilities. We may attempt to build such a sales and marketing organization on our own or with the assistance of a contract sales organization. For some market opportunities, we may need to enter into co-promotion or other licensing arrangements with larger pharmaceutical or biotechnology firms in order to increase the commercial success of our products. We may not be able to establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities of our own or enter into such arrangements with third parties in a timely manner or on acceptable terms. To the extent that we enter into co-promotion or other licensing arrangements, our product revenues are likely to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold our products, and some or all of the revenues we receive will depend upon the efforts of third parties, and these efforts may not be successful. Additionally, building marketing and distribution capabilities may be more expensive than we anticipate, requiring us to divert capital from other intended purposes or preventing us from building our marketing and distribution capabilities to the desired levels.
Due to our reliance on contract research organizations and other third parties to conduct clinical trials, we are unable to directly control the timing, conduct and expense of our clinical trials. |
We rely primarily on third parties to conduct our clinical trials, including the EMOTE, ESSENTIAL and ARIES trials, as well as the clinical trials for darusentan. As a result, we have had and will continue to have less control over the conduct of the clinical trials, the timing and completion of the trials, the required reporting of adverse events and the management of data developed through the trial than would be the case if we were relying entirely upon our own staff. Communicating with outside parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes as well as difficulties in coordinating activities. Outside parties may have staffing difficulties, may undergo changes in priorities or may become financially distressed, adversely affecting their willingness or ability to conduct our trials. We may experience unexpected cost increases that are beyond our control. Problems with the timeliness or quality of the work of a contract
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research organization may lead us to seek to terminate the relationship and use an alternative service provider. However, making this change may be costly and may delay our trials, and contractual restrictions may make such a change difficult or impossible. Additionally, it may be impossible to find a replacement organization that can conduct our trials in an acceptable manner and at an acceptable cost.
If we do not find development and commercialization collaborators for our product candidates, we may have to reduce or delay our rate of product development and commercialization and increase our expenditures. |
Our existing collaborations have been with academic scientists and institutions for basic scientific research and in 2003 we entered into a research collaboration with Novartis relating to targets and compounds identified in our discovery research program. To date, we have not entered into any collaboration agreements for the development or commercialization of our existing product candidates. We plan to enter into relationships with selected pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies to help develop and commercialize our product candidates. We may not be able to negotiate collaborations with these other companies for the development or commercialization of our product candidates on acceptable terms. If we are not able to establish such collaborative arrangements, we may have to reduce or delay further development of some of our programs, increase our planned expenditures and undertake development and commercialization activities at our own expense.
Any development or commercialization collaborations we have entered into or may enter into with pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, including our research collaboration agreement with Novartis, are or will be subject to a number of risks, including:
collaborators may not pursue further development and commercialization of compounds resulting from collaborations or may elect not to renew research and development programs;
collaborators may delay clinical trials, underfund a clinical trial program, stop a clinical trial or abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials or require the development of a new formulation of a product candidate for clinical testing;
a collaborator with marketing and distribution rights to one or more of our products may not commit enough resources to the marketing and distribution of our products, limiting our potential revenues from the commercialization of these products; and
disputes may arise, delaying or terminating the research, development or commercialization of our product candidates, or resulting in significant legal proceedings.
Our competitors may develop and market drugs that are less expensive, more effective or safer than our product candidates. |
The pharmaceutical market is highly competitive. Many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have developed or are developing products that will compete with products we are developing. Several significant competitors are working on, or already have approval for, drugs for the same indications as enoximone capsules, ambrisentan and darusentan. It is possible that our competitors will develop and market products that are less expensive, more effective or safer than our future products or that will render our products obsolete. Some of these products are in late-stage clinical trials. It is also possible that our competitors will commercialize competing products before any of our product candidates are approved and marketed. Actelion Ltd received FDA approval in December 2001 for Tracleer, a non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist for the treatment of PAH. United Therapeutics Corp. received FDA approval in May 2002 for Remodulin for the treatment of PAH. GlaxoSmithKline plc markets Flolan for PAH. Encysive Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is developing sitaxsentan, an ETA selective endothelin receptor antagonist which has demonstrated efficacy in a Phase IIb/III study and may be approved for PAH earlier than ambrisentan. Pfizer Inc is evaluating the use of sildenafil (Viagra) for the treatment of PAH, and reported results of a 278-patient Phase III trial at the annual meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians in October 2004. The results of this study suggest that sildenafil could become a major competitor to ambrisentan. A number of other companies, including Abbott Laboratories, have ETA selective endothelin receptor antagonists in late-stage clinical development and could compete with ambrisentan and darusentan. In addition, a number of companies, including Actelion and Speedel, are developing renin inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension. We expect that competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, universities and public and private research institutions will increase. Many of these competitors have
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substantially greater financial, technical, research and other resources than we do. We may not have the financial resources, technical and research expertise or marketing, distribution or support capabilities to compete successfully.
Our corporate compliance program cannot guarantee that we are in compliance with all potentially applicable regulations. |
The development, manufacturing, pricing, sales, and reimbursement of our products, together with our general operations, are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and other authorities within the United States and numerous entities outside of the United States. We are a relatively small company with 90 employees, 38% of whom have joined us in the last 12 months. We also have significantly fewer employees than many other companies that have the same or fewer product candidates in late stage clinical development and we rely heavily on third parties to conduct many important functions. Further, as a publicly traded company we are subject to significant regulations, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, some of which have either only recently been adopted or are currently proposals subject to change. While we have developed and instituted a corporate compliance program based on what we believe are the current best practices and continue to update the program in response to newly implemented or changing regulatory requirements, we cannot assure that we are or will be in compliance with all potentially applicable regulations. For example, we cannot assure that our management will not find a material weakness in connection with its review of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We also cannot assure that we could correct any such weakness to allow our management to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004 in time to enable our independent registered public accounting firm to attest that such assessment will have been fairly stated in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, or attest that we have maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004. If we fail to comply with any of these regulations we could be subject to a range of regulatory actions, including suspension or termination of clinical trials, the failure to approve a product candidate, restrictions on our products or manufacturing processes, withdrawal of products from the market, significant fines, or other sanctions or litigation.
The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile. |
We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock will exist at any time. Holders of our common stock may not be able to sell shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our common stock is not active. The trading price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
| actual or anticipated results of our clinical trials; | |||
| actual or anticipated regulatory approvals of our products or of competing products; | |||
| changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products; | |||
| changes in the expected or actual timing of our development programs; | |||
| actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results; | |||
| announcements of technological innovations by us, our collaborators or our competitors; | |||
| new products or services introduced or announced by us or our competitors; | |||
| changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts; | |||
| conditions or trends in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries; | |||
| changes in the market valuations of similar companies; | |||
| announcements by us of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
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| additions or departures of key personnel; | |||
| disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies; | |||
| the loss of a collaborator, including Novartis; | |||
| developments concerning our collaborations; | |||
| trading volume of our common stock; and | |||
| sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders. |
In addition, the stock market in general, the Nasdaq National Market and the market for technology companies in particular have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Further, there has been particular volatility in the market prices of securities of biotechnology and life sciences companies. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and diversion of managements attention and resources.
Since we will not obtain additional patent protection for enoximone capsules, we expect to rely solely on the Hatch-Waxman Act and similar foreign statutes to obtain market exclusivity. |
The primary composition of matter patents covering enoximone have expired. We therefore have no direct means to prevent third parties from making, selling, using or importing enoximone in the United States, Europe or Japan. Instead, we expect to rely upon the United States Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly known as the Hatch-Waxman Act, and applicable foreign legislation, to achieve market exclusivity for enoximone capsules. For new drug applications, or NDAs, for new chemical entities not previously approved, the Hatch-Waxman Act provides for marketing exclusivity to the first applicant to gain approval for a particular drug by prohibiting acceptance or approval of an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA, from a generic competitor for up to five years after approval of the original NDA. This exclusivity only applies to submissions of an ANDA and would not prevent a third party from conducting pivotal clinical trials and thereafter filing a complete regulatory submission for enoximone. Our competitors will be free during any period of statutory exclusivity to develop the data necessary either to file an ANDA at the end of the exclusivity period or to conduct studies in support of a complete NDA filing during the period of market exclusivity. Japanese law may provide us with marketing exclusivity in that country for a period up to six years following Japanese marketing approval. Although statutory market exclusivity in Europe, the United States and Japan may apply even when the composition of matter patent has already expired, it is possible that enoximone will not qualify for such exclusivity, or alternatively, the terms of the Hatch-Waxman Act, or similar foreign statutes, could be amended to our disadvantage. If we do not qualify for marketing exclusivity for enoximone capsules, the competition we face would increase, reducing our potential revenues.
If we are unable to protect our proprietary technology, we may not be able to compete effectively. |
Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and enforce patent protection for our products, both in the United States and other countries, to prevent our competitors from developing, manufacturing and marketing products based on our technology. The scope and extent of patent protection for our product candidates is uncertain and frequently involves complex legal and factual questions. We cannot predict the breadth of claims that will be allowed and issued in patents related to biotechnology or pharmaceutical applications. Once such patents have issued, we cannot predict how the claims will be construed or enforced. In addition, statutory differences between countries may limit the protection we can obtain on some of our inventions outside of the United States. For example, methods of treating humans are not patentable in many countries outside of the United States.
Furthermore, the patents that we have licensed with respect to enoximone, ambrisentan and darusentan are owned by third parties. These third parties, with our advice and input, are responsible for and control the prosecution and enforcement of these patents. A failure by these third parties to adequately prosecute and enforce these patents could result in a decline in the value of the patents and have a material adverse
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effect on our business. Since we collaborate with third parties on some of our technology, there is also the risk that disputes may arise as to the rights to technology or drugs developed in collaboration with other parties.
The coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly narrowed before a patent is issued, both in the United States and other countries. We do not know whether any of our pending or future patent applications will result in the issuance of patents. To the extent patents have been issued or will be issued, we do not know whether these patents will be subject to further proceedings that may limit their scope, provide significant proprietary protection or competitive advantage, or cause them to be circumvented or invalidated. Furthermore, patents already issued to us, or patents that may issue on our pending applications, may become subject to dispute, including interference, reissue or reexamination proceedings in the United States, or opposition proceedings in foreign countries. Any of these proceedings could result in the limitation or loss of rights.
We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how to develop and maintain our competitive position. While we believe that we have protected our trade secrets, some of our current or former employees, consultants, scientific advisors or collaborators may unintentionally or willfully disclose our confidential information to competitors or use our proprietary technology for their own benefit. Furthermore, enforcing a claim alleging the infringement of our trade secrets would be expensive and difficult to prove, making the outcome uncertain. Our competitors may also independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how or gain access to our proprietary information through some other means.
We may be accused of infringing on the proprietary rights of third parties, which could impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates. |
Our success depends in part on operating without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. It is possible that we may infringe on intellectual property rights of others without being aware of the infringement. If a patent holder believes that one of our product candidates infringes on its patent, it may sue us even if we have received patent protection for our technology. If another party claims we are infringing its technology, we could face a number of issues, including the following:
| defending a lawsuit, which is very expensive and time consuming; | |||
| defending against an interference proceeding in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, which also can be very expensive and time consuming; | |||
| receiving an adverse decision in a lawsuit or in an interference proceeding resulting in the loss of some or all of our rights to our intellectual property; | |||
| paying a large sum for damages if we are found to be infringing; | |||
| being prohibited from making, using, selling or offering for sale our product candidates or our products, if any, until we obtain a license from the patent holder. Such a license may not be granted to us on satisfactory terms, if at all, and even if we are granted a license, we may have to pay substantial royalties or grant cross-licenses to our patents; and |
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio and have no foreign exchange contracts. Our financial instruments consist of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, trade accounts receivable, long-term investments, accounts payable and long-term obligations. We consider investments that, when purchased, have a remaining maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.
We invest in marketable securities in accordance with our investment policy. The primary objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal, maintain proper liquidity to meet operating needs and maximize yields. Our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issue, issuer or type of investment. The maximum allowable duration of a single issue is 18 months and the average duration of the issues in the portfolio is less than nine months.
As of September 30, 2004, we had an investment portfolio of short-term and long-term investments in a variety of interest-bearing instruments, consisting of U.S. government and agency securities, high-grade U.S. corporate bonds, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, commercial paper and money market accounts of $47.4 million excluding those classified as cash and cash equivalents. Our short-term investments consist primarily of bank notes, various government obligations and asset-backed securities. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded on the balance sheet at fair market value with unrealized gains or losses reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders equity. Unrealized losses are charged against income when a decline in fair market value is determined to be other than temporary. The specific identification method is used to determine the cost of securities sold.
The investment portfolio is subject to interest rate risk and will fall in value in the event market interest rates increase. Due to the short duration of our investment portfolio, we believe an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not be material to our financial condition or results of operations.
The euro is the functional currency for Myogen GmbH. We translate asset and liability accounts to the U.S. dollar based on the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date, while the income statement and cash flow statement amounts are translated to the U.S. dollar at the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange gains and losses resulting from such translation are included as a separate component of stockholders equity. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in income during the period in which they occur and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. In addition, we conduct clinical trials in many countries, exposing us to cost increases if the U.S. dollar declines in value compared to other currencies.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in our periodic reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and can therefore only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the design will succeed in achieving its stated goals.
In addition, we reviewed our internal controls, and there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2004 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
|
None |
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Securities and Use of Proceeds
On October 29, 2003, the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-108301) (the Registration Statement) we filed to register our Common Stock in our initial public offering was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
We intend to continue to use the net proceeds of the offering for research and development, general corporate purposes and working capital. We continually assess the specific uses and allocations for these funds. As of September 30, 2004, the $73.3 million of net proceeds remained available and were primarily invested in short-term marketable securities.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
|
None |
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
|
None |
Item 5. Other Information
|
None |
Item 6. Exhibits
31.1
|
Certification of principal executive officer required by Rule 13a-14(a). | |
31.2
|
Certification of principal financial officer required by Rule 13a-14(a). | |
32.1
|
Section 1350 Certification. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 10, 2004
|
MYOGEN, INC. | |
/s/ Joseph L. Turner | ||
Joseph L. Turner | ||
Senior Vice President, Finance and
Administration and Chief Financial Officer |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. | Description | |
31.1
|
Certification of principal executive officer required by Rule 13a-14(a). | |
31.2
|
Certification of principal financial officer required by Rule 13a-14(a). | |
32.1
|
Section 1350 Certification. |
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