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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2002
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-29302
TLC VISION CORPORATION
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA 980151150
(State or jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
5280 SOLAR DRIVE, SUITE 300 L4W 5M8
MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant's telephone, including area code (905) 602-2020
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 (b) OF THE ACT:
None
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 (g) OF THE ACT:
Common Shares, No Par Value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act
of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. X Yes No
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained
herein and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III
of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
As of August 27, 2002, the aggregate market value of the registrant's
Common Shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $102.4
million.
As of August 27, 2002, there were 64,771,450 shares of the registrant's
Common Shares outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
NONE.
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This Annual Report on Form 10-K (herein, together with all amendments, exhibits
and schedules hereto, referred to as the "Form 10-K") contains certain forward
looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of
1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which statements
can be identified by the use of forward looking terminology, such as "may",
"will", "expect", "anticipate", "estimate", "plans" or "continue" or the
negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology referring
to future events or results. The Company's actual results could differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a
result of certain factors, including those set forth elsewhere in this Form
10-K. See the "Risk Factors" section of Item 1 "Business" for cautionary
statements identifying important factors with respect to such forward looking
statements, including certain risks and uncertainties, that could cause actual
results to differ materially from results referred to in forward looking
statements. Unless the context indicates or requires otherwise, references in
this Form 10-K to the "Company" or "TLC Vision" shall mean TLC Vision
Corporation and its subsidiaries. The Company's fiscal year ends on May 31.
Therefore, references in this Form 10-K to a particular fiscal year shall mean
the 12 months ended on May 31 in that year. References to "$" or "dollars" shall
mean U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. References to "C$" shall mean
Canadian dollars. References to the "Commission" shall mean the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
TLC Vision Corporation ("TLC Vision" or the "Company") provides eye
surgery services in four core areas. First, the Company owns and manages premium
branded refractive eye care centers throughout North America and, together with
its relationships with affiliated eye care doctors, specializes in laser vision
correction services to treat common refractive vision disorders such as myopia
(nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism. Laser vision
correction surgery is an out-patient procedure that is designed to change the
curvature of the cornea to reduce or eliminate a patient's reliance on
eyeglasses or contact lenses. Second, through the Company's subsidiary,
Laser Vision Centers, Inc. ("LaserVision"), the Company provides refractive
equipment access and services to independent surgeons through either fixed or
mobile delivery systems. Third, the Company furnishes independent surgeons with
mobile access to cataract surgery equipment and services through Midwest
Surgical Services, Inc. Finally, the Company, through OR Partners, Inc., owns
and operates ambulatory surgery centers where independent surgeons perform a
variety of surgical procedures.
In accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger with LaserVision,
the Company completed a business combination with LaserVision on May 15, 2002.
LaserVision is a leading access service provider of excimer lasers,
microkeratomes and other equipment and value and support services to eye
surgeons. The Company believes that the combined companies can provide a broader
array of services to eye care professionals to ensure these individuals may
provide superior quality of care and achieve outstanding clinical results. The
Company believes this will be the long-term determinant of success in the eye
surgery services industry.
The Company continues to focus on maximizing revenues, controlling
costs, providing superior quality of care and clinical results and pursuing
additional growth opportunities.
REFRACTIVE DISORDERS
The primary function of the human eye is to focus light. The eye works
much like a camera: light rays enter the eye through the cornea, which provides
most of the focusing power. Light then travels
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through the lens where it is fine-tuned to focus properly on the retina. The
retina, located at the back of the eye, acts like the film in the camera,
changing light into electric impulses that are carried by the optic nerve to the
brain. To see clearly, light must be focused precisely on the retina. Refractive
disorders, such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and
astigmatism, result from an inability of the cornea and the lens to focus images
on the retina properly. The amount of refraction required to properly focus
images depends on the curvature of the cornea and the size of the eye. If the
curvature is not correct, the cornea cannot properly focus the light passing
through it onto the retina, and the viewer will see a blurred image.
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Refractive disorders have historically been treated primarily by
eyeglasses or contact lenses. Increasingly, they are being treated by surgical
techniques, the most common of which in the United States, prior to the excimer
laser being approved for sale for laser vision correction, was Radial Keratotomy
("RK"). RK is a surgical procedure, first performed in the 1970s, that corrects
myopia by altering the shape of the cornea. This is accomplished by making
incisions in a "radial" pattern along the outer portion of the cornea using a
hand-held diamond-tipped blade. These very fine incisions are designed to help
flatten the curvature of the cornea, thereby allowing light rays entering the
eye to properly focus on the retina. The incisions penetrate 90% of the depth of
the cornea. Because RK involves incisions into the corneal tissue, it may weaken
the structure of the cornea, which can have adverse consequences following
traumatic injury. RK also produces incisional scarring, and may cause
fluctuation of vision and progressive farsightedness. A variation of RK,
Astigmatic Keratotomy, is used to correct astigmatism.
LASER CORRECTION PROCEDURES
Excimer laser technology was developed by International Business
Machines Corporation in 1976 and has been used in the computer industry for many
years to etch sophisticated computer chips. Excimer lasers have the desirable
qualities of producing very precise ablation (removal of tissue) without
affecting the area outside of the target zone. In 1981, it was shown that the
excimer laser could ablate corneal tissue. Each pulse of the excimer laser can
remove 0.25 microns of tissue in 12 billionths of a second. The first laser
experiment on human eyes was performed in 1985 and the first human eye was
treated with the excimer laser in the United States in 1988.
Excimer laser procedures are designed to reshape the outer layers of
the cornea to treat vision disorders by changing the curvature of the cornea.
There are currently two procedures that use the excimer laser to treat vision
disorders: Photorefractive Keratectomy ("PRK") and Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis
("LASIK"). In the case of both PRK and LASIK, prior to the procedure, the doctor
makes an assessment of the exact correction required and programs the excimer
laser. The software of the excimer laser then calculates the optimal number of
pulses needed to achieve the intended corneal correction using a specially
developed algorithm. Both PRK and LASIK are performed on an outpatient basis
without general anesthesia, using only topical anesthetic eye drops. An eyelid
holder is inserted to prevent blinking while the eye drops eliminate the reflex
to blink. The patient reclines in a chair, his or her eye focused on a fixation
target, and the surgeon positions the patient for the procedure. The surgeon
uses a foot pedal to apply the excimer laser beam, which emits a rapid
succession of excimer laser pulses. The typical procedure takes 10 to 15
minutes, from set-up to completion, with the length of time of the actual
excimer laser treatment lasting 15 to 90 seconds.
In order to market an excimer laser for commercial sale in the United
States, the manufacturer must obtain pre-market approval ("PMA") from the United
States Food and Drug Administration (the "FDA"). An FDA PMA is specific for each
laser manufacturer and model and sets out a range of
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approved indications. However, the FDA is not authorized to regulate the
practice of medicine. Therefore, in the same way that doctors often prescribe
drugs for "off-label" uses (i.e., uses for which the FDA did not originally
approve the drug), a doctor may use a device such as the excimer laser for a
procedure or an indication not specifically approved by the FDA, if that doctor
determines that it is in the best interest of the patient. The initial FDA PMA
approval for the sale of an excimer laser for refractive procedures was the
approval of the Summit Autonomous, Inc. (now Alcon Laboratories Inc. division of
Nestle, S.A.) ("Alcon") laser for the treatment of myopia granted in 1995. To
date the FDA has approved for sale excimer lasers from approximately seven
different manufacturers for LASIK and from approximately eight different
manufacturers for PRK. In Canada, neither the sale nor the use of excimer lasers
to perform refractive surgery is currently subject to regulatory approval, and
excimer lasers have been used to treat myopia since 1990 and to treat hyperopia
since 1996. The Company expects that future sales of any new excimer laser
models in Canada may require the approval of the Health Protection Branch of
Health Canada ("HPB").
PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY
With PRK, no scalpels are used and no incisions are made. The surgeon
prepares the eye by gently removing the surface layer of the cornea called the
epithelium. The surgeon then applies the excimer laser beam, reshaping the
curvature of the cornea. Deeper cell layers remain virtually untouched. Since a
layer typically about as slender as a human hair is removed, the cornea
maintains its original strength. A clear contact lens bandage is then placed on
the eye to protect it. Following PRK, a patient typically experiences blurred
vision and discomfort until the epithelium heals. A patient usually experiences
a substantial improvement in clarity of vision within a few days following PRK,
normally seeing well enough to drive a car within one to two weeks. However, it
generally takes one month, but may take up to six months, for the full benefit
of PRK to be realized.
PRK has been used commercially since 1988. Clinical trials conducted by
Alcon prior to receiving FDA approval for the sale of its excimer laser showed
that one year after the PRK procedure, approximately 81% of the patients could
see 20/20 or better and approximately 99% could see 20/40 or better (the minimum
level required to drive without corrective lenses in most states). Clinical data
submitted to the FDA by Alcon has shown that patient satisfaction is very high
with over 95% indicating they would enthusiastically recommend PRK to a friend.
In addition, a study published in the February, 1998 issue of Ophthalmology
reported the results of 83 patients in the United Kingdom who underwent PRK for
myopia of up to 7 diopters in 1989. The study found that the patients
experienced stable vision and the majority of patients experienced no side
effects. No complications were observed such as cataracts, retinal detachment or
long term elevated intraocular pressure and no patients developed an infection.
LASER IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS
LASIK came into commercial use in Canada in 1994 and in the United
States in 1996. In LASIK, an automated microsurgical instrument called a
microkeratome is used to create a thin corneal flap which remains hinged to the
eye. The corneal flap is 160 to 180 microns thick, about 30% of the corneal
thickness. Patients do not feel or see the cutting of the corneal flap, which
takes only a few seconds. The corneal flap is then flipped back and excimer
laser pulses are applied to the inner stromal layers of the cornea to treat the
eye with the patient's prescription. The corneal flap is then closed and the
flap and interface rinsed. Once the procedure is completed, most surgeons wait
two to three minutes to ensure the corneal flap has fully re-adhered. At this
point, patients can blink normally and the corneal flap remains secured in
position by the natural suction within the cornea. Since the surface layer of
the cornea remains intact with LASIK, no bandage contact lens is required and
the patient experiences virtually no discomfort. LASIK has the advantage of more
rapid recovery than PRK, with most typical patients seeing
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well enough to drive a car the next day and healing completely within one to
three months. Currently, the majority of laser vision correction procedures in
the United States and Canada are LASIK. More than 95% of the excimer laser
procedures currently performed at the Company's eye care centers are LASIK.
THE REFRACTIVE MARKET
While estimates of market size should not be taken as projections of
revenues or of the Company's ability to penetrate that market, Market Scope's
2001 U.S. LASIK Patient Profile Report estimates that approximately 56.8% of the
United States population or 160 million people suffer from some form of
refractive disorder requiring vision correction including myopia
(nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism. To date, based on
Market Scope's estimate of the number of people who have had procedures, only an
estimated two to three percent of this target population has actually had laser
vision correction.
Estimates by Market Scope indicate that 105,000 laser vision correction
procedures were performed in the United States in 1996, 215,000 were performed
in 1997, 480,000 were performed in 1998, 948,000 were performed in 1999, 1.4
million were performed in 2000, 1.3 million were performed in 2001 and an
estimated 1.25 million will be performed in 2002. The Company believes that its
refractive profitability and growth will depend upon continued increasing
acceptance of laser vision correction in the United States and, to a lesser
extent, Canada and upon consumer confidence and the condition of the U.S.
economy.
There can be no assurance that laser vision correction will be more
widely accepted by eye care doctors or the general population as an alternative
to existing methods of treating refractive disorders. The acceptance of laser
vision correction may be affected adversely by its cost (particularly since
laser vision correction is typically not covered fully or at all by government
insurers or other third party payors and, therefore, must be paid for primarily
by the individual receiving treatment), concerns relating to its safety and
effectiveness, general resistance to surgery, the effectiveness of alternative
methods of correcting refractive vision disorders, the lack of long term
follow-up data and the possibility of unknown side effects. There can be no
assurance that long term follow-up data will not reveal complications that may
have a material adverse effect on the acceptance of laser vision correction.
Many consumers may choose not to have laser vision correction due to the
availability and promotion of effective and less expensive nonsurgical methods
for vision correction. Any future reported adverse events or other unfavorable
publicity involving patient outcomes from laser vision correction could also
adversely affect its acceptance whether or not the procedures are performed at
TLC Vision eye care centers. Market acceptance could also be affected by
regulatory developments. The failure of laser vision correction to achieve
continued increased market acceptance would have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
MARKET FOR CATARACT SURGERY
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, cataract surgery
currently is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the United
States with more than 1.5 million people having cataract surgery each year.
Medicare pays approximately $3.4 billion a year for 1.0 million patients having
cataract surgery each year. U.S. Census Bureau data indicates that there are
currently 34.99 million Americans who are age 65 or older. According to the
American Academy of Ophthalmology, individuals between the ages of 52 and 64
have a 50% chance of having a cataract. By age 75, almost everyone has a
cataract. Fifty percent of the people between the ages of 75 and 85 with
cataracts have lost some vision as a result. The National Eye Institutes of
Health Cataracts indicates that cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in
the world, and cataracts affects nearly 20.5 million Americans age 65 and older.
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TLC VISION CORPORATION
TLC Vision was originally incorporated by articles of incorporation
under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) on May 28, 1993. By articles of
amendment dated October 1, 1993, the name of the Company was changed to TLC The
Laser Center Inc., and by articles of amendment dated March 22, 1995, certain
changes were effected in the issued and authorized capital of the Company with
the effect that the authorized capital of the Company became an unlimited number
of Common Shares. On September 1, 1998, TLC The Laser Center, Inc. amalgamated
under the laws of Ontario with certain wholly-owned subsidiaries. By Articles of
Amendment filed November 5, 1999, the Company changed its name to TLC Laser Eye
Centers Inc. On May 13, 2002, the Company filed articles of continuance with the
province of New Brunswick and changed its name to TLC Vision Corporation. On May
15, 2002, the Company completed its business combination with LaserVision, a
leading provider of access to excimer lasers, microkeratomes and related support
services.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
TLC Vision's strategy is to continue toward the goal of becoming a
diversified eye care services provider by leveraging our relationships with
ophthalmologists and optometrists throughout North America. The Company's
strategy is composed of the following four parts: (1) increase diversification
through new growth opportunities in the eye care industry which leverage
relationships with eye care doctors and capitalize on existing assets; (2)
continue expansion of surgeon relationships to work within the TLC Vision
branded center model and laser access model; (3) increase surgical volume
through developing programs to support eye doctors in patient education and
clinical support; and (4) standardize operations to minimize operating costs and
increase efficiencies without compromising the Company's commitment to assist
its affiliated doctors in providing the highest levels of patient care and
clinical results.
DIVERSIFICATION BEYOND REFRACTIVE LASER BUSINESSES
The first component of TLC Vision's strategy is to diversify into a
broader eye care services company through internal business development and
complementary acquisitions. The Company believes it can continue to leverage its
relationships with a large number of ophthalmologists and optometrists to create
new business opportunities. The main focus of the Company's diversification
strategy is in the United States, where the Company continues to position itself
to take advantage of the growing market for eye care services.
TLC Vision plans to further diversify its business in four ways:
o continuing to develop or acquire single-specialty ophthalmic
ambulatory surgery centers through the OR Partners
subsidiary;
o continuing to expand the Company's existing mobile cataract
business through focused growth strategies and acquisitions of
existing mobile cataract businesses;
o continuing to develop the Company's optometric practice
franchising organization, Vision Source, through increasing
the number of affiliated practice franchises; and
o developing new eye care related businesses that evolve from
strategic technology investments, such as Occulogix, a
rheopheresis joint venture for treating age related macular
degeneration.
EXPANSION OF SURGEON RELATIONSHIPS
TLC Vision believes that its existing relationships with a large number
of eye surgeons represent an important competitive strength. TLC Vision's
business model will focus on implementing new services and business
opportunities which drive revenue to the surgeon.
INCREASE SURGICAL VOLUME
The primary tactic in increasing surgical volume will be through
supporting refractive growth initiatives with ophthalmologists and optometrists.
To accomplish this, TLC Vision will focus on:
o commitment to a co-management model which allows optometrists
to provide the best clinical outcomes for their patients while
retaining them in their practice;
o continuing clinical education to ophthalmologists and
optometrists;
o quality patient outcomes assistance;
o practice development education and tools focused on educating
the staff of the ophthalmologists and optometrists; and
o co-operative marketing programs to build awareness for the
procedure.
CONTROLLING COSTS
TLC Vision has and continues to review its cost structure with a view
to significantly increase efficiencies and leverage economics of scale without
compromising the delivery of quality services to doctors and their patients. On
a day to day operations level, this review seeks to achieve a more comprehensive
approach to reduce corporate and centers costs, capture the potential cost
synergies provided by the merger with LaserVision and make refinements in its
operating models
DESCRIPTION OF BRANDED TLC VISION LASER EYE CENTERS
The Company currently owns and manages 62 TLC Vision branded laser eye
centers in the United States and six centers in Canada. Each TLC Vision branded
laser eye center has a minimum of one excimer laser with many of the centers
having two or more lasers. The majority of the Company's excimer lasers are
manufactured by either VISX Incorporated ("VISX"), Alcon, or Bausch & Lomb.
A typical TLC Vision branded laser eye center has between 3,000 and
5,000 square feet of space and is located in an office building. Although the
legal and payment structures can vary from state to state depending upon local
law and market conditions, the Company generally receives revenues in the form
of management and facility fees paid by doctors who use the TLC Vision branded
laser eye center to perform laser vision correction procedures and
administrative fees for billing and collection services from doctors who
co-manage patients treated at the centers. Most TLC Vision branded laser eye
centers have a clinical director, who is an optometrist and oversees the
clinical aspects of the center and builds and supports
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the network of affiliated eye care doctors. Most centers also have a business
manager, a receptionist, ophthalmic technicians and patient consultants. The
number of staff depends on the activity level of the center. One senior staff
person, who is designated as the executive director of the center, assists in
preparation of the annual business plan and supervises the day-to-day operations
of the center. See "Item 2 - Properties" for a list of branded TLC Vision laser
eye centers.
TLC Vision has developed proprietary management and administrative
software and systems that are designed to permit eye care centers to provide
high levels of patient care. The software permits any TLC Vision branded laser
eye center to provide a potential candidate with current information on
affiliated doctors throughout North America, to direct a candidate to the
closest TLC Vision branded laser eye center, to permit tracking of calls and
procedures, to coordinate patient and doctor scheduling and to produce financial
and surgical outcome reporting and analysis. The software has been installed in
all of the Company's TLC Vision branded laser eye centers. TLC Vision has also
introduced a new on-line consumer consultation site on TLC Vision's website
(www.tlcvision.com). This consumer consultation site allows consumers to book
their consultation with the Company online. TLC Vision also maintains a call
center (1-800-CALL TLC VISION) which is staffed seven days a week.
PRICING
At TLC Vision branded laser eye centers in the United States, patients
are typically charged approximately $1,800 per eye for LASIK. At TLC Vision
branded laser eye centers in Canada, patients are typically charged
approximately C$1,700 per eye for LASIK. Patients are also charged an average of
$400 for pre- and post-operative care by their primary care eye doctor, though
the total procedure costs to the patients are often included in a single
invoice. See "Item 1 - Business - Risk Factors - Procedure Fees". Although
competitors in certain markets continue to charge less for these procedures, the
Company believes that important factors affecting competition in the laser
vision correction market, other than price, are quality of service, reputation
and skill of surgeon, customer service reputation, and that a TLC Vision branded
laser eye center's competitiveness is enhanced by its relationships with
affiliated doctors. See "Item 1 - Business - Risk Factors - Competition".
The cost of laser vision correction procedures is not covered by
provincial health care plans in Canada or reimbursable under Medicare or
Medicaid in the United States. However, the Company believes it has positioned
itself well in the private insurance and employer market through its Corporate
Advantage program which is now available to more than 80 million individuals.
CO-MANAGEMENT MODEL
The Company has developed and implemented a co-management model under
which it not only establishes, manages and operates TLC Vision branded laser eye
care centers and provides an array of related support services, but also
coordinates the activities of primary care doctors (usually optometrists), who
co-manage patients, and refractive surgeons (ophthalmologists), who perform
laser vision correction procedures in affiliation with the local TLC Vision
branded laser eye care center. The primary care doctors assess whether patients
are candidates for laser vision correction and provide pre- and post-operative
care, including an initial eye examination and a minimum of six follow-up
visits. The co-management model permits the eye care center surgeon to focus on
providing laser vision correction surgery while the primary care doctor provides
pre- and post-operative care. In addition, each TLC Vision branded laser eye
care center has an optometrist on staff who works to support and expand the
local network of affiliated doctors. The staff optometrist provides a range of
clinical training and consultation services to affiliated primary care doctors
to support these doctors' individual practices and to assist them in providing
quality patient care. See "Item 1 - Business - Government Regulation -
Regulation of Optometrists and Ophthalmologists."
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TLC Vision believes that its strong relationships with its affiliated
eye care doctors, though non-exclusive, represent an important competitive
advantage for the TLC Vision branded laser eye care centers.
The Company believes that primary care doctors' relationships with TLC
Vision and the doctors' acceptance of laser vision correction enhances the
doctors' practices. The affiliated eye doctors (usually optometrists) charge
fees to assess candidates for laser vision correction and provide pre- and
post-operative care, including an initial eye examination and a minimum of six
follow-up visits. The primary care doctor's potential revenue loss from sales of
contact lenses and eyeglasses may be offset by professional fees earned from
both laser vision correction pre- and post-operative care and examinations
required under the Company's "Lifetime Commitment" program.
MARKETING PROGRAMS
The Company's "Lifetime Commitment" program, established in 1997 and
offered through a TLC Vision branded laser eye center, entitles patients within
a certain range of vision correction to have certain enhancement procedures at
no cost at any time during their lifetime for further correction, if necessary.
To remain eligible for the program, patients are required to have an annual eye
exam, at the patient's expense, with a TLC Vision affiliated doctor. The purpose
of the program is to respond to a patient's concern that their sight might
regress over time, requiring an enhancement procedure. In addition, the program
responds to the doctors' concern that patients may not return for their annual
eye examination once their eyes are treated. The Company believes that this
program has been well-received by both patients and doctors.
The Company also seeks to increase its procedure volume and its market
penetration through other innovative marketing programs for the TLC Vision
branded laser eye care centers, particularly in developing stronger
relationships with optometrists.
TLC Vision has also developed marketing programs directed primarily at
large employers and third party providers to provide laser vision correction to
their employees and participants through a TLC Vision branded laser eye center.
Participating employers may partially subsidize the cost of an employee's laser
vision correction at a TLC Vision branded laser eye care center and the
procedure may be provided at a discounted price. The Company has more than 1,500
participating employers. In addition, more than 80 million individuals qualify
for the program through arrangements between TLC Vision and third party
providers. See "Item 1 - Business - Risk Factors - Inability to Execute
Strategy; Management of Growth."
SALES AND MARKETING
While TLC Vision believes that many myopic and hyperopic people are
potential candidates for laser vision correction, these procedures must compete
with corrective eyewear and surgical and non-surgical treatments for myopia and
hyperopia. The decision to have laser vision correction largely represents a
choice dictated by an individual's desire to reduce or eliminate their reliance
on eyeglasses or contact lenses.
The Company markets to both doctors and the public. A large part of the
Company's marketing resources is devoted to joint marketing programs with
affiliated doctors. The Company provides doctors with brochures, videos, posters
and other materials which help them educate their patients about laser vision
correction. Those doctors who wish to market directly to their patients or the
public may receive support from the Company in the development of marketing
programs.
The Company believes that the most effective way to market to doctors
is to be perceived as a leader in the eye care industry. To this end, the
Company strives to be affiliated with clinical leaders,
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educate doctors on laser vision and refractive correction and remain current
with new procedures and techniques. See "Item 1 - Business - Ancillary
Businesses and Support Programs." The Company also promotes its services to
doctors in Canada and the United States through conferences, advertisements in
journals, direct marketing, its Web sites and newsletters.
The Company believes that as market acceptance for laser vision
correction continues to increase, competition among surgical providers will
continue to grow and candidates for laser vision correction will increasingly
select a provider based on factors other than solely price.
OWNERSHIP OF BRANDED EYE CARE CENTERS
The Company's TLC Vision branded laser eye centers are typically owned
and operated by subsidiaries of the Company. The Company has no ownership
interest in the doctors' practices or professional corporations that TLC Vision
manages on behalf of doctors or that have access to a TLC Vision branded laser
eye center to perform laser vision correction services.
SURGEON CONTRACTS
In each market where the Company operates a branded laser eye center,
the Company has formed a network of eye care doctors (mostly optometrists) who
perform the pre-operative and post-operative care for patients who have had
laser vision correction. Those doctors then "co-manage" their patients with
affiliated surgeons in that the surgeon performs the laser vision correction
procedure itself, while the optometrist performs the pre-operative screening and
post-operative care. In most states, co-management doctors have the option of
charging the patient directly for their services or having the Company collect
the fees on their behalf.
Most surgeons performing laser vision correction procedures through a
TLC Vision branded laser eye center owned, managed or operated by the Company do
so under one of three types of standard agreements (which have been modified for
use in the various U.S. states as required by state law). Each agreement
typically prohibits surgeons from disclosing confidential information relating
to the center, soliciting patients or employees of the center, or participating
in any other eye care center within a specified area. However, although certain
affiliated surgeons performing laser vision correction at the Company's TLC
Vision branded laser eye centers have agreed to certain restrictions on
competing with, or soliciting patients or employees associated with, the
Company, there can be no assurance that such agreements will be enforceable. See
"Risk Factors - Dependence on Affiliated Doctors".
Surgeons must meet the credentialing requirements of the state or
province in which they practice and must receive training approved by the
manufacturer of the laser on which they perform procedures. Surgeons are
responsible for maintaining appropriate malpractice insurance and most agree to
indemnify the Company and its affiliates for any losses incurred as a result of
the surgeon's negligence or malpractice. See "Item 1 - Business - Risk Factors -
Potential Liability and Insurance".
Most states prohibit the Company from practicing medicine, employing
physicians to practice medicine on the Company's behalf or employing
optometrists to render optometric services on the Company's behalf. Because the
Company does not practice medicine or optometry, its activities are limited to
owning and managing eye care centers and affiliating with other health care
providers. Affiliated doctors provide a significant source of patients for laser
vision correction at the Company's centers. Accordingly, the success of the
Company's operations depends upon its ability to enter into agreements on
acceptable terms with a sufficient number of health care providers, including
institutions and eye care doctors, to render surgical and other professional
services at facilities owned or managed by the Company. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to enter into agreements with
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doctors or other health care providers on satisfactory terms or that such
agreements will be profitable to the Company. Failure to enter into or maintain
such agreements with a sufficient number of qualified doctors will have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY CARE CENTERS
The Company has an investment in two secondary care entities in the
United States. See "Item 2 - Properties" for a list of TLC Vision secondary care
centers. A secondary care center is equipped for doctors to provide advanced
levels of eye care, which may include eye surgery for the treatment of disorders
such as glaucoma, cataracts and retinal disorders. Generally, a secondary care
center does not provide primary eye care, such as eye examinations, or dispense
eyewear or contact lenses. Sources of revenue for secondary care centers are
direct payments by patients as well as reimbursement or payment by third party
payors, including Medicare and Medicaid.
DESCRIPTION OF LASER ACCESS BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
LaserVision, TLC Vision's wholly owned subsidiary, provides access to
excimer lasers, microkeratomes, other equipment and value-added support services
such as training, technical support and equipment maintenance to eye surgeons
for the treatment of nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism and cataracts
primarily in the United States. LaserVision's delivery system utilizes both
mobile equipment, which is routinely moved from site to site in response to
market demand, and fixed site locations. LaserVision believes that its flexible
delivery system enlarges the pool of potential locations, eye surgeons and
patients that it can serve, and allows it to effectively respond to changing
market demands. LaserVision also provides a broad range of support services to
the eye surgeons who use its equipment, including arranging for training of
physicians and staff, technical support and equipment maintenance, industry
updates, and marketing advice, clinical advisory service, patient financing,
partnership opportunities and practice satelliting. As of July 31, 2002
LaserVision was utilizing approximately 111 excimer lasers and 241
microkeratomes in connection with its laser access businesses.
Eye surgeons pay LaserVision a fee for each procedure the surgeon
performs using LaserVision's equipment and services. LaserVision typically
provides each piece of equipment to many different eye surgeons, which allows
LaserVision to more efficiently use the equipment and offer it at an affordable
price. LaserVision refers to its practice of providing equipment to multiple eye
surgeons as shared access.
LaserVision's shared access and flexible delivery system benefits eye
surgeons in a variety of ways, including the ability to:
o avoid a large capital investment;
o eliminate the risks associated with buying high-technology
equipment that may rapidly become obsolete;
o obtain technical support provided by LaserVision's laser
engineers and microkeratome technicians;
o use the equipment without responsibility of maintenance or
repair;
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o cost-effectively serve small to medium-sized markets and remote
locations; and
o serve satellite locations even in large markets.
FLEXIBLE DELIVERY SYSTEM
LaserVision seeks to maximize the number of locations, eyes surgeons
and patients which can utilize its access and related services and respond
quickly to changing market demand by utilizing a flexible delivery system that
features both mobile and fixed site locations.
Mobile Access System. LaserVision's mobile access systems are typically
used by eye surgeons who perform fewer than 30 procedures per month or are in
markets where they are able to offer consolidated surgery days to patients. A
certified technician accompanies each excimer laser from location to location.
If an eye surgeon uses LaserVision's microkeratomes, LaserVision generally
supplies one microkeratome, one accessory kit and a second LaserVision employee,
who is certified by the microkeratome manufacturer and acts as a surgical
technician.
Mobile laser equipment is provided by means of a proprietary
"Roll-On/Roll-Off" laser system. The Roll-On/Roll-Off laser system, elements of
which have been patented, consists of an excimer laser mounted on a motorized
air suspension platform. The Roll-On/Roll-Off laser system is transported
between locations in a specifically modified truck and allows an excimer laser
to be easily moved upon reaching its destination. Due to the design of the
Roll-On/Roll-Off system, the laser usually requires only minor adjustments and
minimal set-up time at each destination. As of July 31, 2002, LaserVision had 39
Roll-On/Roll-Off systems in operation, all but two of which were located in the
U.S.
Fixed Site Locations. LaserVision's fixed site lasers are dedicated to
single locations where eye surgeons typically perform more than 40 cases per
month over several surgery days to maintain a competitive offering for patients.
As of July 31, 2002, LaserVision had approximately 70 U.S. fixed sites and one
European fixed sites. Some fixed sites exclusively serve single practice groups
and others are located in ambulatory surgery centers where they can be used by
any qualified eye surgeon.
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VALUE-ADDED SERVICES
LaserVision provides eye surgeons value-added support services that
distinguish us from our competitors, enhance our ability to compete for business
and enable us to grow with our customers by offering them various service and
support arrangements. The following value-added services help our eye surgeon
customers to expand their practices thereby increasing the use of LaserVision's
equipment and services:
o Technical Support and Equipment Maintenance. As of July 31, 2002
LaserVision employed 46 certified laser engineers and 32 microkeratome
technicians. The laser engineers perform most required laser
maintenance and help ensure rapid response to most laser repair or
maintenance needs.
o Staff Training and Development. Through both field and corporate
based practice development support, LaserVision provides its eye
surgeon customers with a comprehensive menu of options to enhance
patient education, staff knowledge, and patient recruitment. Start up
services include our centralized "Right Start" seminars and kits,
refractive coordinator training programs and access to our patient
financing program. These centralized training programs and field based
support provide eye surgeon staff an opportunity to learn best
practices with respect to patient conversion, patient flow, and
marketing programs. Extended services, such as corporate programs,
database management, and networking techniques, enable eye surgeon
customers to experience continued growth in their practice.
o Building Relationships. LaserVision works to form relationships
between eye surgeons and optometrists. These optometric networks are
valuable in referring patients to eye surgeons who use LaserVision's
equipment and services. LaserVision helps to form these referral
networks by training optometrists, who are then able to provide
pre-operative screenings as well as post-surgical follow-up to their
patients. LaserVision also provides eye surgeon customers with
marketing advice designed to foster these referrals and generate new
patients.
o Clinical Advisory Service. TLC Vision maintains a Clinical Advisory
Group which conducts regular conference calls with TLC Vision's eye
surgeon customers. These conference calls are chaired by our clinical
advisors, who are eye surgeons and optometrists with extensive clinical
experience. In addition, TLC Vision conducts clinical advisory meetings
at major industry conferences each year. TLC Vision's clinical advisors
also make themselves available to consult with eye surgeon customers
outside of regularly scheduled conference calls and meetings.
o Practice Satelliting. LaserVision assists eye surgeons with
high-volume practices who desire to serve smaller markets through
satellite surgical locations. This program allows eye surgeon customers
to leverage their time performing eye surgery.
SALES AND MARKETING
LaserVision's business development personnel develop sales leads which
come from sources such as customer contact through trade shows and professional
organizations. After identifying a
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prospective eye surgeon customer, the regional manager guides the eye surgeon
through the contract process. Once an eye surgeon is prepared to initiate
surgeries using our services and equipment, LaserVision's operations department
and business development personnel assume primary responsibility for the ongoing
relationship.
MOBILE AND FIXED ACCESS AGREEMENTS
Under LaserVision's standard refractive mobile access agreements with
physicians, LaserVision provides some or all of the following: laser and
microkeratome equipment, certain related supplies for the equipment (such as
laser gases and per procedure cards and microkeratome blades), laser operator,
microkeratome technician, maintenance and certain technology upgrades. In
addition, LaserVision may provide practice development, marketing assistance,
coordination of surgeon training, and other support services. This access is
provided on agreed upon dates at either the surgeons' offices or a third party's
facility. In return, the surgeons pay a per procedure fee for LaserVision's
services and generally agree to exclusively use LaserVision's equipment for
refractive surgery. LaserVision does not provide medical services to the
patients or any administrative services to the access customers.
Under LaserVision's standard refractive fixed access agreements with
physicians, LaserVision generally provides the following: a fixed based laser
and microkeratome equipment, certain related supplies for the equipment (such as
laser gases and per procedure cards and microkeratome blades), periodic
maintenance and certain technology upgrades. In return, the surgeons pay either
a per procedure fee and guarantee a minimum number of procedures per month, or a
flat monthly fee plus the cost of per procedure cards and blades. In addition,
the surgeons generally agree to exclusively use LaserVision's equipment for
refractive surgery. LaserVision does not provide a laser operator, microkeratome
technician, medical services to the patients or any administrative services to
the access customers.
Under LaserVision's joint venture arrangements, LaserVision directly or
indirectly provides either mobile or fixed based laser access and the following:
microkeratome equipment, certain related supplies for the equipment (such as
laser gases and per procedure cards and microkeratome blades), laser operator,
microkeratome technician, maintenance and certain technology upgrades, the laser
facility, management services which includes administrative services such as
billing and collections, staffing for the refractive practice, practice
development, marketing assistance and funds, and other support services.
LaserVision receives an access fee and management services fees in addition to
being reimbursed for the direct costs paid by LaserVision for the laser facility
operations. In return, the surgeons generally agree to exclusively use
LaserVision's equipment for refractive surgery and/or not to compete with the
LaserVision within a certain area. Neither LaserVision nor the joint ventures
provide medical services to the patients.
DESCRIPTION OF CATARACT BUSINESS
Through its Midwest Surgical Services, Inc division ("MSS"),
LaserVision provides mobile and fixed site cataract equipment and related
services in 37 states throughout the United States. As of August 1, 2002, MSS
employed 45 cataract equipment technicians and operated 45 mobile cataract
systems. A MSS certified surgical technician transports the mobile equipment
from one surgery location to the next and prepares the equipment at each stop so
that the operating room is ready for cataract surgery.
Cataract patients, a majority of which are elderly, prefer to receive
treatment near their homes. MSS focuses on developing relationships between
local hospitals, referring optometrists and eye surgeons in small to
medium-sized markets where MSS's shared-access approach and mobile systems make
it economically feasible for optometrists and surgeons to provide cataract
surgical services which are "close to home."
The MSS sales staff for our cataract division focuses on identifying
small to medium sized markets which usually do not have convenient access to the
services of a cataract eye surgeon. After identifying such a market, MSS' sales
staff will contact the local hospital and local optometrists to develop interest
in "close to home" cataract surgery services. When there is sufficient interest,
the sales staff brings the hospital and optometrists in contact with an eye
surgeon who is willing to provide services to that local market. By bringing
these various parties into contact, MSS seeks to increase demand for our mobile
cataract services and increase convenience for cataract patients.
DESCRIPTION OF AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTER BUSINESS
As a natural extension of its existing eye care businesses, TLC Vision
has organized OR Partners, Inc. as a wholly owned subsidiary to develop, acquire
and manage single specialty ophthalmology ambulatory surgery centers ("ASCs") in
partnership with ophthalmic surgeons. As of August 1, 2002, TLC Vision operated
one ASC and anticipates that an additional 10 ASCs will be opened during
calendar 2003.
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ASCs provide outpatient eye surgery services to the partner surgeons
and other non-affiliated surgeons in a less institutional and more efficient,
productive and cost efficient setting than traditional surgical hospitals. The
two primary procedures performed in the ASCs are cataract extraction with IOL
implantation and YAG capsulotomies. However, the ASCs will have the capability
to accommodate additional ophthalmic surgical procedures such as occuloplastic,
cornea, glaucoma and retina
OR Partners focus is seeking partnerships with eye surgeons who are
already performing a sufficient number of cataract surgeries to support the
ASCs. In a typical ASC partnership, OR Partners and the surgeon partners
contribute enough capital to cover the start up costs and initial operations.
The partnership formed is jointly owned by OR Partners and the surgeons, with OR
Partners owning an equity interest and receiving a management fee for assuming
overall administrative management of the facility. As manager, OR Partners
manages the clinical services, marketing, administration, business operations
and staffing, licensing and certification, facility accreditation and financing
reporting of the ASC, which allows surgeon partners to focus on providing high
levels of quality patient care.
In addition to OR Partners, Aspen Healthcare Inc. ("Aspen"), a
subsidiary of TLC Vision, is a health care consulting, development and
management firm specializing in ambulatory surgery center joint-venture
development and management. Aspen offers experienced management services to both
surgery centers and hospitals. Aspen also consults, plans, designs, develops,
implements and operates ambulatory surgery centers nationwide. The Company is
party to an agreement to sell 100% of Aspen in September 2002. See Note 23 to
the consolidated financial statements, Subsequent Events.
ANCILLARY BUSINESSES AND SUPPORT PROGRAMS
TLC Vision has made investments in other businesses with the primary
objective of diversification with other vision care businesses and the secondary
objective of capitalizing on its management and marketing skills and
relationships with eye care providers.
OTHER BUSINESSES
Vision Source is a majority owned subsidiary that provides marketing,
management and buying power to independently owned and operated optometric
practices in the United States. This business supports the development of
independent practices and complements the Company's co-management model.
The Company continues to work to maximize its return on investments in
non-core businesses and focuses on ensuring that non-core businesses are
self-sustaining.
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SUPPORT PROGRAMS
CLINICAL ADVISORY GROUP
The Company's Clinical Advisory Group is comprised of refractive
surgeons and optometrists selected based upon clinical experience and previous
involvement with TLC Vision. The Clinical Advisory Group acts as both a clinical
and business resource to the Company by providing an eye care professional's
perspective on market competition, proposed policies and operational strategies.
Additionally, the Clinical Advisory Group also acts as a resource to the
Company's employees and affiliated doctors. The Clinical Advisory Group has
scheduled meetings throughout the year and meets as necessary to consider
clinical issues as they arise.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
The Company considers itself a leader in the provision of vision
correction technology. The Company's medical directors continually evaluate new
vision correction technologies and procedures to seek to ensure that affiliated
doctors have access to state of the art technology to provide the highest level
of care. TLC Vision's branded eye care centers in Ontario are state of the art
facilities that are used to examine and evaluate new technologies for TLC
Vision. The Company's Clinical Advisory Group monitors emerging technologies and
procedures being developed by third party equipment and device manufacturers to
address whether these technologies may complement or improve our service
offerings.
EDUCATION
The Company believes that ophthalmologists, optometrists and other eye
care professionals who endorse laser vision correction are a valuable resource
in increasing general awareness and acceptance of the procedures among potential
candidates and in promoting the Company as a service provider. The Company seeks
to be perceived by eye care professionals as the clinical leader in the field of
laser vision correction. One way in which it hopes to achieve this objective is
by participating in the education and training of eye care doctors in Canada and
the United States.
The Company provides educational programs to doctors in all aspects of
clinical study, including programs in conjunction with several of the major
optometry schools in the United States. In addition, the Company has an
education and training relationship with the University of Waterloo, the only
English language optometry school in Canada.
WEBSITE
TLC Vision has linked its branded eye care centers, network doctors and
potential patients through its website www.tlcvision.com which provides a
directory of TLC Vision affiliated eye care providers and contains questions and
answers about laser vision correction. TLC Vision's website also contains
various other useful information for shareholders and investors.
EQUIPMENT AND CAPITAL FINANCING
The Company utilizes the VISX, Alcon, and Bausch & Lomb excimer lasers.
See "Industry Background - Laser Vision Correction".
Although there can be no assurance, the Company believes that based on
the number of existing manufacturers, the current inventory levels of those
manufacturers and the number of suitable, previously
17
owned and, in the case of United States centers, FDA approved lasers available
for sale in the market, the supply of excimer lasers is more than adequate for
the Company's future operations.
A new excimer laser costs approximately $300,000. However, the industry
trend in the sale of excimer lasers is moving away from a flat purchase price to
the alternative of charging the purchaser a per procedure fee.
As available technology improves and additional procedures are approved
by the FDA, the Company expects to upgrade the capabilities of its lasers. See
"Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources".
COMPETITION
CONSUMER MARKET FOR VISION CORRECTION
Within the consumer market, excimer laser procedures performed at the
Company's centers compete with other surgical and non-surgical treatments for
refractive disorders, including eyeglasses, contact lenses, other types of
refractive surgery and technologies currently under development such as corneal
rings, intraocular lenses and surgery with different types of lasers. Although
the Company believes that eyeglass and contact lens use will continue to be the
most popular form of vision correction in the foreseeable future, as market
acceptance for laser vision correction continues to increase, competition within
this market will grow. There can be no assurance that the Company's management,
operations and marketing plans are or will be successful in meeting this variety
of competition. Further, there can be no assurance that the Company's
competitors' access to capital, financing or other resources or their market
presence will not give these competitors an advantage against the Company. In
addition, other surgical and non-surgical techniques to treat vision disorders
are currently in use and under development and may prove to be more attractive
to consumers than laser vision correction.
MARKET FOR LASER VISION CORRECTION
Within the consumer market for laser vision correction, the Company
continues to face increasing competition from other service providers. As market
acceptance for laser vision correction continues to increase, competition within
this market will grow. Laser vision correction providers are divided into three
major segments: corporate owned centers; independent surgeon owned centers; and
institution owned centers. According to Market Scope, as of June 30, 2001,
independent surgeon owned centers accounted for the largest percentage of total
procedure volume in the industry with a 54.6% market share. Corporate owned
centers accounted for 31.5% of total procedures performed. The remaining 13.9%
of laser vision correction procedures were performed at institution owned
centers, such as hospitals or universities.
Although some competitors continue to charge less for laser vision
correction than the Company's branded eye care center and its affiliated
doctors, the Company believes that the important factors affecting competition
in the laser vision correction market are quality of service, surgeon skill and
reputation, and price and that competitiveness is enhanced by a strong network
of affiliated doctors. Suppliers of conventional vision correction (eyeglasses
and contact lenses), such as optometric chains, also compete with the Company
either by marketing alternatives to laser vision correction or by purchasing
excimer lasers and offering refractive surgery to their customers. These service
providers may have greater marketing and financial resources and experience than
the Company and may be able to offer laser vision correction at lower rates.
Competition has also increased in part due to the greater availability and lower
costs of excimer lasers.
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During the past several years, the laser vision correction industry was
thrown into turmoil by a number of providers who employed dramatically reduced
pricing in an effort to gain market share. TLC Vision refused to participate in
the price war and maintained its premium pricing model with superior quality of
care and outcomes. In April 2001, LasikVision Corporation and Lasik Vision
Canada Inc., subsidiaries of ICON Laser Eye Centers, Inc., made assignments in
bankruptcy, in June, 2001 ICON Laser Eye Centers, Inc. was placed in
receivership and Vision America also declared bankruptcy during fiscal 2002. The
Company believes that these filings, together with related media reports, had a
negative impact on procedure volumes by generating a great deal of short-term
concern and confusion amongst prospective patients. A series of negative news
stories focusing on patients with unfavourable outcomes from procedures
performed at competing centers further adversely affected procedure volumes. In
addition, being an elective procedure, laser eye surgery volumes may have been
further depressed by economic conditions in 2001 and 2002.
TLC Vision competes in fragmented geographic markets. The Company's
principal corporate competitors include LCA-Vision Inc. and Lasik Vision
Institute, Inc. On May 15, 2002, the Company completed its merger with
LaserVision. See "Item 1 - Business - Overview".
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
EXCIMER LASER REGULATION
UNITED STATES
Medical devices, such as the excimer lasers used in the Company's
United States centers, are subject to stringent regulation by the FDA and cannot
be marketed for commercial use in the United States until the FDA grants
pre-market approval ("PMA") for the device. To obtain a PMA for a medical
device, excimer laser manufacturers must file a PMA application that includes
clinical data and the results of pre-clinical and other testing sufficient to
show that there is a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of their
excimer lasers. Human clinical trials must be conducted pursuant to
Investigational Device Exemptions issued by the FDA in order to generate data
necessary to support a PMA. See "Item 1 - Business - Industry Background - Laser
Vision Correction".
The FDA is not authorized to regulate the practice of medicine, and
ophthalmologists, including those affiliated with TLC Vision eye care centers,
may perform the LASIK procedure, using lasers with a PMA for PRK only (off-label
use) in an exercise of professional judgement in connection with the practice of
medicine.
The use of an excimer laser to treat both eyes on the same day
(bilateral treatment) has not been approved by the FDA. The FDA has stated that
it considers the use of the excimer laser for bilateral treatment to be a
practice of medicine decision, which the FDA is not authorized to regulate.
Ophthalmologists, including those affiliated with the Company's branded eye care
centers, widely perform bilateral treatment in an exercise of professional
judgement in connection with the practice of medicine. There can be no assurance
that the FDA will not seek to challenge this practice in the future.
Any excimer laser manufacturer which obtains PMA approval for use of
its excimer lasers will continue to be subject to regulation by the FDA.
Although the FDA does not specifically regulate surgeons' use of excimer lasers,
the FDA actively enforces regulations prohibiting marketing of products for
non-approved uses and conducts periodic inspections of manufacturers to
determine compliance with Quality System Regulations.
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Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements could subject the
Company, its affiliated doctors or laser manufacturers to enforcement action,
including product seizure, recalls, withdrawal of approvals and civil and
criminal penalties, any one or more of which could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Further, failure to comply with regulatory requirements, or any adverse
regulatory action, including a reversal of the FDA's current position that the
"off-label" use of excimer lasers by doctors outside the FDA approved guidelines
is a practice of medicine decision, which the FDA is not authorized to regulate,
could result in a limitation on or prohibition of the Company's use of excimer
lasers which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
The marketing and promotion of laser vision correction in the United
States is subject to regulation by the FDA and the Federal Trade Commission
("FTC"). The FDA and FTC have released a joint communique on the requirements
for marketing laser vision correction in compliance with the laws administered
by both agencies. The FTC staff also issued more detailed staff guidance on the
marketing and promotion of laser vision correction and has been monitoring
marketing activities in this area through a non-public inquiry to identify areas
that may require further FTC attention.
CANADA
The use of excimer lasers in Canada to perform refractive surgery is
not subject to regulatory approval, and excimer lasers have been used to treat
myopia since 1990 and hyperopia since 1996. The Health Protection Branch of
Health Canada ("HPB") regulates the sale of devices, including excimer lasers
used to perform procedures at the Company's Canadian eye care centers. Pursuant
to the regulations prescribed under the Canadian Food and Drugs Act, the HPB may
permit manufacturers or importers to sell a certain number of devices to perform
procedures provided the devices are used in compliance with specified
requirements for investigational testing. Permission to sell the device may be
suspended or cancelled where the HPB determines that its use endangers the
health of patients or users or where the regulations have not been complied
with. Devices may also be sold for use on a non-investigational basis where
evidence available in Canada to the manufacturer or importer substantiates the
benefits and performance characteristics claimed for the device. The Company
believes that the sale of the excimer lasers to its eye care centers, and their
use at the centers, complies with HPB requirements. There can be no assurance
that Canadian regulatory authorities will not impose restrictions which could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations.
REGULATION OF OPTOMETRISTS AND OPHTHALMOLOGISTS
UNITED STATES
The health care industry in the United States is highly regulated. The
Company and its operations are subject to extensive federal, state and local
laws, rules and regulations, including those prohibiting corporations from
practicing medicine and optometry, prohibiting unlawful rebates and division of
fees, anti-kickback laws, fee-splitting laws, self-referral laws, laws limiting
the manner in which prospective patients may be solicited, and professional
licensing rules. Approximately 42 states in which the Company currently does
business limit or prohibit corporations from practicing medicine and employing
or engaging physicians to practice medicine.
The Company has reviewed these laws and regulations with its health
care counsel and, although there can be no assurance, the Company believes that
its operations currently comply with applicable laws in all material respects.
Also, the Company expects that doctors affiliated with TLC Vision will comply
with such laws in all material respects, although it cannot assure such
compliance by doctors.
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FEDERAL LAW. A federal law (known as the "anti-kickback statute")
prohibits the offer, solicitation, payment or receipt of any remuneration which
is intended to induce, or is in return for, the referral of patients for, or the
ordering of, items or services reimbursable by Medicare or any other federally
financed health care program. This statute also prohibits remuneration intended
to induce the purchasing of, or arranging for, or recommending the purchase or
order of any item, good, facility or service for which payment may be made under
federal health care programs. This statute has been applied to otherwise
legitimate investment interests if one purpose of the offer to invest is to
induce referrals from the investor. Safe harbour regulations provide absolute
protection from prosecution for certain categories of relationships. In
addition, a recent law broadens the government's anti-fraud and abuse
enforcement responsibilities to include all health care delivery systems
regardless of payor.
Subject to certain exceptions, federal law also prohibits a physician
from ordering or prescribing certain designated health services or items if the
service or item is reimbursable by Medicare or Medicaid and is provided by an
entity with which the physician has a financial relationship (including
investment interests and compensation arrangements). This law, known as the
"Stark Law", does not restrict a physician from ordering an item or service not
reimbursable by Medicare or Medicaid or an item or service that does not fall
within the categories designated in the law.
Laser vision correction is not reimbursable by Medicare, Medicaid or
other federal programs. As a result, neither the anti-kickback statute nor the
Stark Law applies to the Company's eye care centers but the Company is subject
to similar state laws.
Doctors affiliated with the Company's ambulatory surgery company, OR
Partners, Inc., the Company's mobile cataract services business, MSS, or the
Company's secondary care centers provide services that are reimbursable under
Medicare and Medicaid. Further, ophthalmologists and optometrists co-manage
Medicare and Medicaid patients who receive services at the Company's secondary
care centers. The co-management model is based, in part, upon the referral by an
optometrist for surgical services performed by an ophthalmologist and the
provision of pre- and post-operative services by the referring optometrist. The
Office of the Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services,
the government agency responsible for enforcing the anti-kickback statute, has
stated publicly that to the extent there is an agreement between optometrists
and ophthalmologists to refer back to each other, such an agreement could
constitute a violation of the anti-kickback statute. The Company believes,
however, that its co-management program does not violate the anti-kickback
statute, as patients are given the choice whether to return to the referring
optometrist or to stay with the ophthalmologist for post-operative care.
Nevertheless, there can be no guarantee that the Office of the Inspector General
will agree with the Company's analysis of the law. If the Company's
co-management program were challenged as violating the anti-kickback statute and
the Company were not successful in defending against such a challenge, then the
result may be civil or criminal fines and penalties, including exclusion of the
Company, the ophthalmologists, and the optometrists from the Medicare and
Medicaid programs, or the requirement that the Company revise the structure of
its co-management program or curtail its activities, any of which could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
The provision of services covered by the Medicare and Medicaid programs
in the Company's ambulatory surgery business, mobile cataract business and
secondary care centers also triggers potential application of the Stark Law. The
co-management model could establish a financial relationship, as defined in the
Stark Law, between the ophthalmologist and the optometrist. Similarly, to the
extent that the Company provides any designated health services, as defined in
the statute, the Stark Law could be triggered as a result of any of the several
financial relationships between the Company and ophthalmologists. Based on its
current interpretation of the Stark Law as set forth in the final rule published
in 2000, the Company believes that the referrals from ophthalmologists and
optometrists either
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will be for services which are not designated health care services as defined in
the statute or will be covered by an exception to the Stark Law. There can be no
assurance, however, that the government will agree with the Company's position
or that there will not be changes in the government's interpretation of the
Stark Law. In such case, the Company may be subject to civil penalties as well
as administrative exclusion and would likely be required to revise the structure
of its legal arrangements or curtail its activities, any of which could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, and
results of operation.
STATE LAW. In addition to the requirements described above, the
regulatory requirements that the Company must satisfy to conduct its business
will vary from state to state, and, accordingly, the manner of operation by the
Company and the degree of control over the delivery of refractive surgery by the
Company may differ among the states.
A number of states have enacted laws which prohibit what is known as
the corporate practice of medicine. These laws are designed to prevent
interference in the medical decision-making process from anyone who is not a
licensed physician. Many states have similar restrictions in connection with the
practice of optometry. Application of the corporate practice of medicine
prohibition varies from state-to-state. Therefore, while some states may allow a
business corporation to exercise significant management responsibilities over
the day-to-day operation of a medical or optometric practice, other states may
restrict or prohibit such activities. The Company believes that it has
structured its relationship with eye care doctors in connection with the
operation of eye care centers as well as in connection with its secondary care
centers so that they conform to applicable corporate practice of medicine
restrictions in all material respects. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance
that, if challenged, those relationships may not be found to violate a
particular state corporate practice of medicine prohibition. Such a finding may
require the Company to revise the structure of its legal arrangements or curtail
its activities, and this may have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Many states prohibit a physician from sharing or "splitting" fees with
persons or entities not authorized to practice medicine. The Company's
co-management model for refractive procedures presumes that a patient will make
a single global payment to the laser center, which is a management entity acting
on behalf of the ophthalmologist and optometrist to collect fees on their
behalf. In turn, the ophthalmologist and optometrist pay facility and management
fees to the laser center out of their patient fees collected. While the Company
believes that these arrangements do not violate any of the prohibitions in any
material respects, there can be no assurance that one or more states will not
interpret this structure as violating the state fee-splitting prohibition,
thereby requiring the Company to change its procedures in connection with
billing and collecting for services. Violation of state fee-splitting
prohibitions may subject the ophthalmologists and optometrists to sanctions, and
may result in the Company incurring legal fees, as well as being subjected to
fines or other costs, and this could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Just as in the case of the federal anti-kickback statute, while the
Company believes that it is conforming with applicable state anti-kickback
statutes in all material respects, there can be no assurance that each state
will agree with the Company's position and would not challenge the Company. If
the Company were not successful in defending against such a challenge, the
result may be civil or criminal fines or penalties for the Company as well as
the ophthalmologists and optometrists. Such a result would require the Company
to revise the structure of its legal arrangements, and this could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and
results of operations.
Similarly, just as in the case of the federal Stark Law, while the
Company believes that it is operating in compliance with applicable state
anti-self-referral laws in all material respects, there can be no assurance that
each state will agree with the Company's position or that there will not be a
change in
22
the state's interpretation or enforcement of its own law. In such case, the
Company may be subject to fines and penalties as well as other administrative
sanctions and would likely be required to revise the structure of its legal
arrangements. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
CANADA
Conflict of interest regulations in certain Canadian provinces prohibit
optometrists, ophthalmologists or corporations owned or controlled by them from
receiving benefits from suppliers of medical goods or services to whom the
optometrist or ophthalmologist refers his or her patients. In certain
circumstances, these regulations deem it a conflict of interest for an
ophthalmologist to order a diagnostic or therapeutic service to be performed by
a facility in which the ophthalmologist has any proprietary interest. This does
not include a proprietary interest in a publicly traded company. Certain of the
Company's eye care centers in Canada are owned and managed by a subsidiary in
which affiliated doctors own a minority interest. The Company expects that
ophthalmologists and optometrists affiliated with TLCVision will comply with the
applicable regulations, although it cannot assure such compliance by doctors.
The laws of certain Canadian provinces prohibit health care
professionals from splitting fees with non-health care professionals and
prohibit non-licensed entities (such as the Company) from practicing medicine or
optometry and, in certain circumstances, from employing physicians or
optometrists directly. The Company believes that its operations comply with such
laws in all material respects, and expects that doctors affiliated with TLC
Vision centers will comply with such laws, although it cannot assure such
compliance by doctors.
Optometrists and ophthalmologists are subject to varying degrees and
types of provincial regulation governing professional misconduct, including
restrictions relating to advertising, and in the case of optometrists, a
prohibition against exceeding the lawful scope of practice. In Canada, laser
vision correction is not within the permitted scope of practice of optometrists.
Accordingly, TLC Vision does not allow optometrists to perform the procedure at
TLC Vision centers in Canada.
FACILITY LICENSURE AND CERTIFICATE OF NEED
The Company believes that it has all licenses necessary to operate its
business. The Company may be required to obtain licenses from the state
Departments of Health, or a division thereof in the various states in which it
opens eye care centers. While there can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to obtain facility licenses in all states which may require facility
licensure, the Company has no reason to believe that in such states, it will not
be able to obtain such a license without unreasonable expense or delay.
Some states require the permission of the State Department of Health or
a division thereof, such as a Health Planning Commission, in the form of a
Certificate of Need ("CON") prior to the construction or modification of an
ambulatory care facility, such as a laser center, or the purchase of certain
medical equipment in excess of an amount set by the state. While there can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to acquire a CON in all states where a
CON is required, the Company believes that in those states that require a CON,
it will be able to do so.
The Company is not aware of any Canadian health regulations which
impose facility licensing requirements on the operation of eye care centers.
23
RISK OF NON-COMPLIANCE
Many of these laws and regulations governing the health care industry
are ambiguous in nature and have not been definitively interpreted by courts and
regulatory authorities. Moreover, state and local laws vary from jurisdiction to
jurisdiction. Accordingly, the Company may not always be able to predict clearly
how such laws and regulations will be interpreted or applied by courts and
regulatory authorities and some of the Company's activities could be challenged.
In addition, there can be no assurance that the regulatory environment in which
the Company operates will not change significantly in the future. Numerous
legislative proposals have been introduced in Congress and in various state
legislatures over the past several years that would, if enacted, effect major
reforms of the U.S. health care system. The Company cannot predict whether any
of these proposals will be adopted and, if adopted, what impact such legislation
would have on the Company's business. The Company has reviewed existing laws and
regulations with its health care counsel and, although there can be no
assurance, the Company believes that its operations currently comply with
applicable laws in all material respects. Also, TLC Vision expects that
affiliated doctors will comply with such laws in all material respects, although
it cannot assure such compliance by doctors. The Company could be required to
revise the structure of its legal arrangements or the structure of its fees,
incur substantial legal fees, fines or other costs, or curtail certain of its
business activities, reducing the potential profit to the Company of some of its
legal arrangements, any of which may have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The names "TLC The Laser Center" and slogan "See the Best" are
registered United States service marks of TLC Vision and registered trademarks
in Canada. TLC Vision has registered "TLC Laser Eye Centers" with the TLC Vision
eye design as a trademark in the United States and Canada. "Laser Vision,"
"Laser Vision Centers and Design," Laser Vision Centers," "LVC," and "LVCI," are
registered trademarks in the United States utilized by LaserVision. LaserVision
has secured a patent for certain aspects of its Roll-On/Roll-Off system. In
addition, TLC Vision owns a patent in the United States on the treatment of a
potential side effect of laser vision correction generally known as "central
islands." The patent expires in May 2014. The Company's service marks, patents
and other intellectual property may offer the Company a competitive advantage in
the marketplace and could be important to the success of the Company. One or all
of the registrations of the service marks may be challenged, invalidated or
circumvented in the future.
The medical device industry, including the ophthalmic laser sector, has
been characterized by substantial litigation in the United States and Canada
regarding patents and proprietary rights. There are a number of patents
concerning methods and apparatus for performing corneal procedures with excimer
lasers. In the event that the use of an excimer laser or other procedure
performed at any of the Company's refractive or secondary care centers is deemed
to infringe a patent or other proprietary right, the Company may be prohibited
from using the equipment or performing the procedure that is the subject of the
patent dispute or may be required to obtain a royalty bearing license, which may
not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. The costs associated with any
such licensing arrangements may be substantial and could include ongoing royalty
payments. In the event that a license is not available, the Company may be
required to seek the use of products which do not infringe the patent. The
unavailability of such products may cause the Company to cease operations in the
United States or Canada or delay the Company's continued expansion into the
United States. If the Company is prohibited from performing laser vision
correction at any of its laser centers, the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected.
24
EMPLOYEES
As of July 31, 2002, the Company had approximately 950 employees. The
Company, through its subsidiaries contracts with approximately 84 optometrists
to furnish non-clinical services, including management and administrative
functions and, in some states, clinical services. Additionally, the Company,
through its subsidiaries contracts with approximately 6 ophthalmologists to
furnish non-clinical services, consistent with those of a medical director, and
in some states clinical services. The Company's progress to date has been highly
dependent upon the skills of its key technical and management personnel both in
its corporate offices and in its eye care centers, some of whom would be
difficult to replace. There can be no assurance that the Company can retain such
personnel or that it can attract or retain other highly qualified personnel in
the future. No employee of the Company is represented by a collective bargaining
agreement, nor has the Company experienced a work stoppage. The Company
considers its relations with its employees to be good. See "Item 1 - Business -
Risk Factors - Dependence on Key Personnel".
RISK FACTORS
LOSSES FROM OPERATIONS; UNCERTAINTY OF FUTURE PROFITABILITY
TLC Vision reported net losses of $161.9 million, $37.8 million, and
$5.9 for fiscal 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. As of May 31, 2002, TLC
Vision reported an accumulated deficit of $242.0 million. TLC Vision may not
become profitable and if it does become profitable, its profitability may vary
significantly from quarter to quarter. TLC Vision's profitability will depend on
a number of factors, including:
o the Company's ability to increase demand for its services and
control costs;
o the Company's ability to execute its strategy and effectively
integrate acquired businesses and assets;
o the Company's ability to obtain adequate insurance against
malpractice claims;
o economic conditions in the Company's markets, including the
availability of discretionary income;
o concerns about the safety and effectiveness of laser vision
correction;
o competitive factors;
o regulatory developments;
o the Company's ability to achieve expected cost savings and
synergies; and
o the Company's ability to retain and attract qualified personnel.
See "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations".
CHANGES IN GENERAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS MAY CAUSE FLUCTUATIONS IN TLC VISION'S
REVENUES AND PROFITABILITY.
The cost of laser vision correction procedures is typically not
reimbursed by health care insurance companies or other third party payors.
Accordingly, the operating results of TLC Vision may vary based upon the impact
of changes in economic conditions on the disposable income of consumers
interested in
25
laser vision correction. A significant decrease in consumer disposable income in
a weakening economy may result in decreased procedure levels and revenues for
TLC Vision. For example, the recent downturn in the North American economy has
contributed to a 27% decline in the number of paid procedures at TLC Vision's
branded centers and a 22.6% decline in total revenues for fiscal 2002 compared
to fiscal 2001. In addition, weakening economic conditions may result in an
increase in the number of TLC Vision's customers which experience financial
distress or declare bankruptcy, that may negatively impact TLC Vision's accounts
receivable collection experience.
THE MARKET FOR LASER VISION CORRECTION IS INTENSELY COMPETITIVE AND COMPETITION
MAY INCREASE.
Some of the Company's competitors or companies that may choose to enter
the industry in the future, including laser manufacturers themselves, may have
substantially greater financial, technical, managerial, marketing and/or other
resources and experience than the Company and may compete more effectively than
TLC Vision. TLC Vision competes with hospitals, individual ophthalmologists,
other corporate laser centers and manufacturers of excimer laser equipment in
offering laser vision correction services and access to excimer lasers. TLC
Vision's principal corporate competitors will include LCA-Vision Inc. and Lasik
Vision Institute, Inc.
Competition in the market for laser vision correction could increase as
excimer laser surgery becomes more commonplace and the number of
ophthalmologists performing the procedure increases. In addition, competition
would increase if state laws were amended to permit optometrists, in addition to
ophthalmologists, to perform laser vision correction. TLC Vision will compete on
the basis of quality of service, surgeon skill and reputation, and price. If
more providers offer laser vision correction in a given geographic market, the
price charged for such procedures may decrease. In recent years, competitors
have offered laser vision correction at prices considerably lower than TLC
Vision's prices. The laser vision correction industry has been significantly
affected by reductions in the price for laser vision correction, including the
failure of many businesses that provided laser vision correction. Market
conditions may compel TLC Vision to lower prices to remain competitive and any
reduction in its prices may not be offset by an increase in its procedure volume
or decreases in its costs. A decrease in either the fees or procedures performed
at TLC Vision's eye care centers or in the number of procedures performed at its
centers could cause TLC Vision's revenues to decline and its business and
financial condition to weaken.
Laser vision correction competes with other surgical and non-surgical
means of correcting refractive disorders, including eyeglasses, contact lenses,
other types of refractive surgery and other technologies currently under
development, such as intraocular lenses and surgery with different types of
lasers. TLC Vision's management, operations and marketing plans may not be
successful in meeting this competition. Optometry chains and other suppliers of
eyeglasses and contact lenses may have substantially greater financial,
technical, managerial, marketing and other resources and experience than the
Company and may promote alternatives to laser vision correction or purchase
laser systems and offer laser vision correction to their customers.
If the price of excimer laser systems decreases, additional competition
could develop. The price for excimer laser systems could decrease for a number
of reasons, including technological innovation and increased competition among
laser manufacturers. Further reductions in the price of excimer lasers could
reduce demand for TLC Vision's laser access services by making it economically
more attractive for eye surgeons to buy excimer lasers rather than utilize TLC
Vision's services.
Although doctors performing laser vision correction at TLC Vision's eye
care centers and significant employees of TLC Vision have agreed to restrictions
on competing with TLC Vision, or
26
soliciting patients or employees associated with their facilities, these
non-competition agreements may not be enforceable.
THE MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF LASER VISION CORRECTION IS UNCERTAIN.
TLC Vision believes that the profitability and growth of TLC Vision
will depend upon broad acceptance of laser vision correction in the United
States and, to a lesser extent, Canada. TLC Vision may have difficulty
generating revenue and growing its business if laser vision correction does not
become more widely accepted by eye care doctors or the general population as an
alternative to existing methods of treating refractive vision disorders. Laser
vision correction may not become more widely accepted due to a number of
factors, including:
o its cost, particularly since laser vision correction typically is
not covered by government or private insurers;
o general resistance to surgery;
o effective and less expensive alternative methods of correcting
refractive vision disorders are widely available;
o the lack of long-term follow-up data;
o the possibility of unknown side effects; and
o reported adverse events or other unfavorable publicity involving
patient outcomes from laser vision correction.
CONCERNS ABOUT POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS AND LONG-TERM RESULTS OF LASER VISION
CORRECTION MAY NEGATIVELY IMPACT MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF LASER VISION CORRECTION
AND PREVENT TLC VISION FROM GROWING ITS BUSINESS.
Concerns have been raised with respect to the predictability and
stability of results and potential complications or side effects of laser vision
correction. Any complications or side effects of laser vision correction may
call into question the safety and effectiveness of laser vision correction,
which in turn may damage the likelihood of market acceptance of laser vision
correction. Complications or side effects of laser vision correction could lead
to product liability, malpractice or other claims against TLC Vision. Also,
complications or side effects could jeopardize the approval by the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration of the excimer laser for sale for laser vision correction.
Although results of a study showed that the majority of patients experienced no
serious side effects six years after laser vision correction using the
Photorefractive Keratectomy procedure, known as PRK, complications may be
identified in further long-term follow-up studies of PRK or Laser In-Situ
Keratomileusis, known as LASIK, the procedure more often performed in recent
years.
There is no independent industry source for data on side effects or
complications from laser vision correction. In addition, TLC Vision does not
track side effects. Some of the possible side effects of laser vision correction
are:
o foreign body sensation,
o pain or discomfort,
o sensitivity to bright lights,
27
o blurred vision,
o dryness or tearing,
o fluctuation in vision,
o night glare,
o poor or reduced visual quality,
o overcorrection or undercorrection,
o regression, and
o corneal flap or corneal healing complications.
TLC Vision believes that the percentage of patients who experience serious side
effects as a result of laser vision correction at its centers is likely less
than one percent. However, there is no study to support this belief. In
addition, rates of complications in the industry may be higher than those
experienced by TLC Vision.
Laser vision correction may also involve the removal of "Bowman's
membrane," an intermediate layer between the outer corneal layer and the middle
corneal layer of the eye. Although several studies have demonstrated no
significant adverse reactions to excimer laser removal of Bowman's membrane, the
effect of the removal of Bowman's membrane on patients is unclear.
TLC VISION MAY BE UNABLE TO ENTER INTO OR MAINTAIN AGREEMENTS WITH DOCTORS OR
OTHER HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS ON SATISFACTORY TERMS.
TLC Vision will have difficulty generating revenue if it is unable to
enter into or maintain agreements with doctors or other health care providers on
satisfactory terms. Most states prohibit TLC Vision, from practicing medicine,
employing doctors to practice medicine on TLC Vision's behalf or employing
optometrists to render optometric services on TLC Vision's behalf. In most
states TLC Vision may only own and manage centers and enter into affiliations
with doctors and other health care providers. Also, affiliated doctors have
provided a significant source of patients for TLC Vision and are expected to
provide a significant source of patients for TLC Vision. Accordingly, the
success of TLC Vision's business depends upon its ability to enter into
agreements on acceptable terms with a sufficient number of health care
providers, including institutions and eye care doctors to render or arrange
surgical and other professional services at facilities owned or managed by TLC
Vision.
QUARTERLY FLUCTUATIONS IN OPERATING RESULTS MAKE FINANCIAL FORECASTING
DIFFICULT.
TLC Vision may experience future quarterly losses which may exceed
prior quarterly losses of TLC Vision and LaserVision on a combined basis. TLC
Vision's expense levels will be based, in part, on its expectations as to future
revenues. If actual revenue levels are below expectations, TLC Vision's
operating results would deteriorate. Historically, the quarterly results of
operations of TLC Vision and LaserVision have varied, and future results may
continue to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter. Accordingly,
quarter-to-quarter comparisons of TLC Vision's operating results may not be
meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of its future
performance or annual operating results. Quarterly results will depend on
numerous factors, including economic conditions in TLC Vision's
28
geographic markets, market acceptance of its services, seasonal factors and
other factors described in this Form 10K.
THE MARKET PRICE OF TLC VISION'S COMMON SHARES MAY BE VOLATILE.
Historically, the market price of TLC Vision's common shares has been
very volatile. For example, the market price of TLC Vision's common shares
decreased from a high of $53.50 to a low of $1.125 between July 1999 and August
2002. TLC Vision's common shares will likely be volatile in the future due to
industry developments and business-specific factors such as:
o the Company's ability to effectively penetrate the laser vision
correction market;
o the Company's ability to execute its business strategy;
o new technological innovations and products;
o changes in government regulations;
o adverse regulatory action;
o public concerns about the safety and effectiveness of laser
vision correction;
o loss of key management;
o announcements of extraordinary events such as acquisitions or
litigation;
o variations in its financial results;
o fluctuations in competitors' stock prices;
o the issuance of new or changed stock market analyst reports and
recommendations concerning its common shares or competitors'
stock;
o changes in earnings estimates by securities analysts;
o the Company's ability to meet analysts' projections;
o changes in the market for medical services; or
o general economic, political and market conditions.
In addition, in recent years the prices and trading volumes of publicly
traded shares, particularly those of companies in health care related markets,
have been extremely volatile. This volatility has substantially affected the
market prices of many companies' securities for reasons frequently unrelated or
disproportionate to their operating performance. Following the terrorist attacks
in the United States in September 2001, stock markets have experienced extreme
volatility and stock prices have declined, in some cases substantially.
Continued volatility may reduce the market price of the common shares of TLC
Vision.
29
TLC VISION MAY BE UNABLE TO EXECUTE ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY.
TLC Vision's business strategy will be to focus on:
o maximizing revenues through a co-management model and innovative
marketing programs;
o controlling costs without compromising superior quality of care
or clinical outcomes; and
o pursuing additional growth opportunities outside of its laser
vision correction business
If TLC Vision does not successfully execute this strategy or if the strategy is
not effective, TLC Vision may be unable to maintain or grow its revenues or
achieve profitability.
TLC VISION MAY MAKE INVESTMENTS THAT MAY NOT BE PROFITABLE.
TLC Vision has made investments which are intended to support its core
business, such as TLC Vision's investment in LaserSight Inc. These investments
have generally been made in companies in the laser vision correction business or
that own emerging technologies that TLC Vision believes will support the
company's core business. TLC Vision has taken a charge of approximately $26.1
million in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002 primarily as a result of the
decline in the value of its investments, including the investment in LaserSight.
TLC Vision may make similar investments in the future, some of which may be
material or may become material over time. If TLC Vision is unable to manage
these investments, or if these investments are not profitable or do not generate
the expected returns, then future operating results may be adversely impacted.
THE GROWTH STRATEGY OF TLC VISION DEPENDS ON ITS ABILITY TO MAKE ACQUISITIONS OR
ENTER INTO AFFILIATION ARRANGEMENTS.
The success of the growth strategy of TLC Vision will be dependent on
increasing the number of procedures at its eye care centers, increasing the
number of eye care centers through internal development or acquisitions and
entering into affiliation arrangements with local eye care professionals in
markets not large enough to justify a corporate center.
The addition of new centers will present challenges to management,
including the integration of new operations, technologies and personnel. The
addition of new centers also present special risks, including:
o unanticipated liabilities and contingencies;
o diversion of management attention; and
o possible adverse effects on operating results resulting from:
o possible future goodwill impairment;
o increased interest costs;
o the issuance of additional securities; and
30
o increased costs resulting from difficulties related to the
integration of the acquired businesses.
TLC Vision's ability to achieve growth through acquisitions will depend on a
number of factors, including:
o the availability of attractive acquisition opportunities;
o the availability of capital to complete acquisitions;
o the availability of working capital to fund the operations
of acquired businesses; and
o the effect of existing and emerging competition on
operations.
TLC Vision may not be able to successfully identify suitable
acquisition candidates, complete acquisitions on acceptable terms, if at all, or
successfully integrate acquired businesses into its operations. TLC Vision's
past and possible future acquisitions may not achieve adequate levels of
revenue, profitability or productivity or may not otherwise perform as expected.
A DECLINE IN TLC VISION'S STOCK PRICE COULD PREVENT IT FROM COMPLETING
ACQUISITIONS AND COULD RESULT IN INCREASED DILUTION TO EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS.
TLC Vision may have substantial future capital requirements, and TLC
Vision's ability to obtain additional funding is uncertain.
TLC Vision will be unable to predict with certainty the timing or the
amount of its future capital requirements. Continued operating losses or changes
in TLC Vision's operations, expansion plans or capital requirements may consume
available cash and other resources more rapidly than TLC Vision anticipates and
more funding may be required before TLC Vision becomes profitable. TLC Vision's
capital needs depend on many factors, including:
o the rate and cost of acquisitions of businesses, equipment and
other assets;
o the rate of opening new centers or expanding existing centers;
o market acceptance of laser vision correction; and
o actions by competitors.
TLC Vision may not have adequate resources to finance the growth in its
business, and it may not be able to obtain additional capital through subsequent
equity or debt financings on terms acceptable to TLC Vision or at all. If TLC
Vision does not have adequate resources and cannot obtain additional capital,
TLC Vision will not be able to implement its expansion strategy successfully,
TLC Vision's growth could be limited and its net income and financial condition
could be adversely affected.
TLC VISION MAY BE UNABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENT AND INTEGRATE NEW OPERATIONS
AND FACILITIES.
The success of TLC Vision depends on its ability to manage its existing
operations and facilities and to expand its businesses consistent with the
Company's business strategy. In the past, TLC Vision has grown rapidly in the
United States. TLC Vision's future growth and expansion will increase its
management's responsibilities and demands on operating and financial systems and
resources. TLC Vision's business and financial results are dependent upon a
number of factors, including its ability to:
31
o implement upgraded operations and financial systems, procedures
and controls;
o hire and train new staff and managerial personnel;
o adapt or amend TLC Vision's business structure to comply with
present or future legal requirements affecting its arrangements
with doctors, including state prohibitions on fee-splitting,
corporate practice of optometry and medicine and referrals to
facilities in which doctors have a financial interest; and
o obtain regulatory approvals, where necessary, and comply with
licensing requirements applicable to doctors and facilities
operated, and services offered, by doctors.
TLC Vision's failure or inability to successfully implement these and
other factors may adversely affect the quality and profitability of its business
operations.
TLC VISION DEPENDS ON KEY PERSONNEL WHOSE LOSS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT ITS
BUSINESS.
TLC Vision's success and growth depends in part on the active
participation of key medical and management personnel, including Mr. Vamvakas
and Mr. Wachtman. TLC Vision maintains key person insurance for each of Mr.
Vamvakas, Mr. Wachtman and several key ophthalmologists. Despite having this
insurance in place, the loss of any one of these key individuals could adversely
affect the quality, profitability and growth prospects of TLC Vision's business
operations.
TLC Vision will have employment or similar agreements with the above
individuals and other key personnel. The terms of these agreements will include,
in some cases, entitlements to substantial severance payments in the event of
termination of employment by either TLC Vision or the employee.
TLC VISION MAY BE SUBJECT TO MALPRACTICE AND OTHER SIMILAR CLAIMS AND MAY BE
UNABLE TO OBTAIN OR MAINTAIN ADEQUATE INSURANCE AGAINST THESE CLAIMS.
The provision of medical services at TLC Vision's centers entails an
inherent risk of potential malpractice and other similar claims. Through
September 30, 2002, former LaserVision sites have a $25,000 deductible per
claim. As of October 1, 2002 all of TLC Vision's professional malpractice
insurance will likely have a $250,000 deductible per claim. Patients at TLC
Vision's centers execute informed consent statements prior to any procedure
performed by doctors at TLC Vision's centers, but these consents may not provide
adequate liability protection. Although TLC Vision does not engage in the
practice of medicine or have responsibility for compliance with regulatory and
other requirements directly applicable to doctors and doctor groups, claims,
suits or complaints relating to services provided at TLC Vision's centers may be
asserted against TLC Vision in the future, and the assertion or outcome of these
claims could result in higher administrative and legal expenses, including
settlement costs or litigation damages.
TLC Vision currently maintains malpractice insurance coverage that it
believes is adequate both as to risks and amounts covered. In addition, TLC
Vision requires the doctors who provide medical services at its centers to
maintain comprehensive professional liability insurance and most of these
doctors have agreed to indemnify TLC Vision against certain malpractice and
other claims. TLC Vision's insurance coverage, however, may not be adequate to
satisfy claims, insurance maintained by the doctors may not protect TLC Vision
and such indemnification may not be enforceable or, if enforced, may not be
sufficient. TLC Vision's inability to obtain adequate insurance or an increase
in the future cost of insurance to TLC Vision and the doctors who provide
medical services at the centers may have a material adverse effect on its
business and financial results.
32
The excimer laser system uses hazardous gases which if not properly
contained could result in injury. TLC Vision may not have adequate insurance for
any liabilities arising from injuries caused by the excimer laser system or
hazardous gases. While TLC Vision believes that any claims alleging defects in
TLC Vision's excimer laser systems would be covered by the manufacturers'
product liability insurance, the manufacturers of TLC Vision's excimer laser
systems may not continue to carry adequate product liability insurance.
TLC VISION MAY FACE CLAIMS FOR STATE SALES AND USE TAXES ON THE SERVICES IT
PROVIDES.
TLC Vision provides, through its subsidiary LaserVision, access to
excimer lasers to eye doctors and provides a variety of other services to eye
doctors in connection with eye surgery procedures. Under TLC Vision's laser
access contracts with individual eye doctors, TLC Vision may provide eye
surgeons with the services of a laser operator/technician, laser maintenance and
other value-added services. TLC Vision owns, operates and/or manages branded eye
care centers where laser vision correction procedures are performed and is
responsible for overall management and operation of the centers. The laws of
various states in which TLC Vision operates typically exempt from sales and use
taxation activities which constitute a service. TLC Vision has historically
taken the position that, among other things, services which they provide to the
eye doctor are integral to the surgical procedures provided by the eye doctor
and, therefore, constitute a service exempt from sales and use taxation.
Of the 48 states in which TLC Vision conducts operations, TLC Vision is
aware of a total of SIX states which have asserted that its laser access
arrangements with eye doctors do not constitute a service exempt from sale and
use taxation. Tax authorities in these states have indicated that they consider
the substance of the transaction between the eye doctor and TLC Vision to be the
eye doctor's access to the laser, not the other services provided by TLC Vision.
As such, they have indicated that they consider the arrangement to be a taxable
lease or rental of equipment rather than an exempt service. One of these states
performed an initial review and determined that no further action or assertion
of tax was necessary. Two other states have assessed sales and use taxes on TLC
Vision's customers, but have not assessed any taxes on TLC Vision. Tax
authorities in the remaining three states have contacted TLC Vision and issued
proposed adjustments for various periods from 1995 through February 2002 in the
aggregate amount of approximately $1.8 million. TLC Vision has objected to the
proposed assessments and is engaged in discussions with the respective state tax
authorities. TLC Vision believes that, under applicable laws and TLC Vision's
contracts with its eye surgeon customers, each customer is ultimately
responsible for the payment of any applicable sales and use taxes in respect of
TLC Vision's services. However, TLC Vision may be unable to collect any such
amounts from its customers, and in such event would remain responsible for
payment. Moreover, the imposition of state sales or use taxes could make TLC
Vision's products and services less competitive comparable to other
alternatives. TLC Vision cannot yet predict the outcome of these assessments or
similar actions, if any, which may be undertaken by other state tax authorities.
The Company believes that it has adequate provisions in its accounts with
regards to this matter.
COMPLIANCE WITH INDUSTRY REGULATIONS IS COSTLY AND ONEROUS.
TLC Vision's operations are subject to extensive federal, state and
local laws, rules and regulations. TLC Vision's efforts to comply with these
laws, rules and regulations may impose significant costs, and failure to comply
with these laws, rules and regulations may result in fines or other charges
being imposed on TLC Vision.
Many state laws limit or prohibit corporations from practicing medicine
and optometry and many federal and state laws extensively regulate the
solicitation of prospective patients, the structure of TLC Vision's fees, and
its contractual arrangements with hospitals, surgery centers, ophthalmologists
and optometrists,
33
among others. Some states also impose licensing requirements. Although TLC
Vision has tried to structure its business and contractual relationships in
compliance with these laws in all material respects, if any aspect of its
operations were found to violate applicable laws, TLC Vision could be subject to
significant fines or other penalties, required to cease operations in a
particular state, prevented from commencing operations in a particular state or
otherwise be required to revise the structure of its business or legal
arrangements. Many of these laws and regulations are ambiguous, have not been
definitively interpreted by courts or regulatory authorities and vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Accordingly, TLC Vision may not be able to predict
how these laws and regulations will be interpreted or applied by courts and
regulatory authorities, and some of its activities could be challenged.
Numerous legislative proposals to reform the U.S. health care system
have been introduced in Congress and in various state legislatures over the past
several years. TLC Vision cannot predict whether any of these proposals will be
adopted and, if adopted, what impact this legislation would have on its
business. To respond to any such changes, TLC Vision could be required to revise
the structure of its legal arrangements or the structure of its fees, incur
substantial legal fees, fines or other costs, or curtail some of its business
activities, reducing the potential profit of some of its arrangements.
State medical boards and state boards of optometry generally set limits
on the activities of ophthalmologists and optometrists. In some instances,
issues have been raised as to whether participation in a co-management program
violates some of these limits. If a state authority were to find that TLC
Vision's co-management program did not comply with state licensing laws, TLC
Vision would be required to revise the structure of its legal arrangements, and
affiliated doctors might terminate their relationships with TLC Vision.
Federal and state civil and criminal statutes impose penalties,
including substantial civil and criminal fines and imprisonment, on health care
providers and persons who provide services to health care providers, including
management businesses such as TLC Vision, for fraudulently or wrongfully billing
government or other insurers. In addition, the federal law prohibiting false
Medicare/Medicaid billings allows a private person to bring a civil action in
the name of the U.S. government for violations of its provisions and obtain a
portion of the damages if the action is successful. TLC Vision each believes
that it is in material compliance with these billing laws, but its business
could be adversely affected if governmental authorities were to scrutinize or
challenge its activities or private parties were to assert a false claim or
action against us in the name of the U.S. government.
Although TLC Vision believes that it has obtained the necessary
licenses or certificates of need in states where such licenses are required and
that TLC Vision is not required to obtain any licenses in other states, some of
the state regulations governing the need for such licenses are unclear, and
there is no applicable precedent or regulatory guidance to help resolve these
issues. A state regulatory authority could determine that TLC Vision is
operating a center inappropriately without a required license or certificate of
need, which could subject TLC Vision to significant fines or other penalties,
result in TLC Vision being required to cease operations in a state or otherwise
jeopardize its business and financial results. If TLC Vision expands to a new
geographic market, TLC Vision may be unable to obtain any new license required
in that jurisdiction.
COMPLIANCE WITH ADDITIONAL HEALTH CARE REGULATION IN CANADA IS COSTLY AND
BURDENSOME.
Some Canadian provinces have adopted conflict of interest regulations
that prohibit optometrists, ophthalmologists or corporations they own or control
from receiving benefits from suppliers of medical goods or services to whom they
refer patients. The laws of some Canadian provinces also prohibit health care
professionals from splitting fees with non-health care professionals and
prohibit non-licensed entities such as TLC Vision from practicing medicine or
optometry and from directly employing doctors or
34
optometrists. TLC Vision believes that it is in material compliance with these
requirements, but a review of TLC Vision's operations by Canadian regulators or
changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing Canadian legal
requirements or the adoption of new requirements could require TLC Vision to
incur significant costs to comply with laws and regulations in the future or
require TLC Vision to change the structure of its arrangements with doctors.
COMPLIANCE WITH U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION REGULATIONS REGARDING THE USE
OF EXCIMER LASER SYSTEMS FOR LASER VISION CORRECTION IS COSTLY AND BURDENSOME.
To date, the FDA has approved excimer laser systems manufactured by
some manufacturers for sale for the treatment of nearsightedness, farsightedness
and astigmatism up to stated levels of correction. Failure to comply with
applicable FDA requirements with respect to the use of the excimer laser could
subject TLC Vision, TLC Vision's affiliated doctors or laser manufacturers to
enforcement action, including product seizure, recalls, withdrawal of approvals
and civil and criminal penalties.
The FDA has adopted guidelines in connection with the approval of
excimer laser systems for laser vision correction. The FDA, however, has also
stated that decisions by doctors and patients to proceed outside the FDA
approved guidelines is a practice of medicine decision which the FDA is not
authorized to regulate. Failure to comply with FDA requirements, or any adverse
FDA action, including a reversal of its interpretation with respect to the
practice of medicine, could result in a limitation on or prohibition of TLC
Vision's use of excimer lasers.
Discovery of problems, violations of current laws or future legislative
or administrative action in the United States or elsewhere may adversely affect
the laser manufacturers' ability to obtain regulatory approval of laser
equipment. Furthermore, the failure of other excimer laser manufacturers to
comply with applicable federal, state or foreign regulatory requirements, or any
adverse action against or involving such manufacturers, could limit the supply
of excimer lasers, substantially increase the cost of excimer lasers, limit the
number of patients that can be treated at its centers and limit TLC Vision's
ability to use excimer lasers.
Most of TLC Vision's eye care centers in the United States use VISX
and/or Alcon Laboratories Inc. excimer lasers and most of LaserVision's lasers
are VISX excimer lasers. If VISX, Alcon or other excimer laser manufacturers
fail to comply with applicable federal, state or foreign regulatory
requirements, or if any adverse regulatory action is taken against or involves
such manufacturers, the supply of lasers could be limited and the cost of
excimer lasers could increase.
The Roll-On/Roll-Off laser system consists of an excimer laser mounted
on a motorized, air suspension platform and transported in a specially modified
truck. TLC Vision believes that use of this transport system does not require
FDA approval; the FDA has taken no position in regard to such approval. The FDA
could, however, take the position that excimer lasers are not approved for use
in this transport system. Such a view by the FDA could lead to an enforcement
action against TLC Vision, which could impede TLC Vision's ability to maintain
or increase its volume of excimer laser surgeries. This could have a material
adverse effect on TLC Vision's business and financial results. Similarly, TLC
Vision believes that FDA approval is not required for its mobile use of
microkeratomes or the cataract equipment transported by its cataract operations.
The FDA, however, could take a contrary position which could result in an
enforcement action.
35
DISPUTES WITH RESPECT TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT TLC
VISION'S BUSINESS.
There has been substantial litigation in the United States and Canada
regarding the patents on ophthalmic lasers. If the use of an excimer laser or
other procedure performed at any of TLC Vision's centers is deemed to infringe a
patent or other proprietary right, TLC Vision may be prohibited from using the
equipment or performing the procedure that is the subject of the patent dispute
or may be required to obtain a royalty bearing license, which may involve
substantial costs, including ongoing royalty payments. If a license is not
available on acceptable terms, TLC Vision may be required to seek the use of
products which do not infringe the patent. The unavailability of alternate
products could cause TLC Vision to cease operations in the United States or
Canada or delay TLC Vision's expansion. If TLC Vision is prohibited from
performing laser vision correction at any of its laser centers, TLC Vision's
ability to carry on its business will be jeopardized.
TLC Vision, through the acquisition of LaserVision, has also secured
patents for portions of the equipment it uses to transport TLC Vision's mobile
lasers. LaserVision's patents and other proprietary technology are important to
TLC Vision's success. TLC Vision's patents could be challenged, invalidated or
circumvented in the future. Litigation regarding intellectual property is common
and TLC Vision's patents may not adequately protect its intellectual property.
Defending and prosecuting intellectual property proceedings is costly and
involves substantial commitments of management time. If TLC Vision fails to
successfully defend its rights with respect to TLC Vision's intellectual
property, TLC Vision may be required to pay damages.
TLC VISION MAY NOT HAVE THE CAPITAL RESOURCES NECESSARY IN ORDER TO KEEP UP WITH
RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES.
Modern medical technology changes rapidly. New or enhanced technologies
and therapies may be developed with better performance or lower costs than the
laser vision correction currently provided at TLC Vision's centers. TLC Vision
may not have the capital resources to upgrade its excimer laser equipment,
acquire new or enhanced medical devices or adopt new or enhanced procedures at
the time that any advanced technology or therapy is introduced.
THE INTEGRATION OF LASERVISION MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL.
On May 15, 2002, TLC Vision completed its merger with LaserVision. The
merger involves a combination of two companies that have complementary business
models located principally in the United States and Canada. TLC Vision's
business model historically focused upon owning and managing refractive centers
which provide laser vision correction directly to consumers. LaserVision's
business historically consisted primarily of contracting directly with eye
surgeons for access to excimer lasers and related services. The success of the
merger will be dependent on a number of factors, including but not limited to
the combined entity's ability to:
o integrate LaserVision's operations with the operations of TLC
Vision;
o maintain and enhance relationships with local eye care
professionals;
o achieve an effective combined management structure;
o achieve expected cost savings and increased operating
efficiencies;
o operate the combined businesses effectively with fewer
employees;
36
o achieve expected increases in procedure volumes and revenues;
and
o retain and attract qualified personnel.
TLC Vision will incur significant costs of integration and transaction
expenses as a result of the merger with LaserVision.
TLC Vision estimates that as of May 31, 2002 it had incurred direct
transaction costs of approximately $9.8 million associated with the acquisition
of LaserVision, which were included as a part of the total purchase cost for
accounting purposes. TLC Vision believes that it may incur additional charges to
operations, which TLC Vision cannot currently reasonably estimate, in future
periods, to reflect additional costs associated with the acquisition and the
integration of the two companies.
The repricing of TLC Vision's stock options could have a material
adverse impact on its reported earnings in the future and could add to the
volatility of its reported earnings.
THE REPRICING OF TLC VISION STOCK OPTIONS COULD HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE IMPACT
ON OUR REPORTED EARNINGS IN THE FUTURE AND COULD MAKE OUR REPORTED EARNINGS
VOLATILE.
As approved by the shareholders of TLC Vision at its 2001 annual
meeting, TLC Vision is allowing the holders of outstanding TLC Vision stock
options with an exercise price greater than $8.688 to elect to reduce the
exercise price of their options to $8.688, in some cases by surrendering
existing options for a greater number of shares than the number of shares
issuable on exercise of each repriced option. If the price of TLC Vision's
common shares rises above the new exercise price of $8.688, the repricing of the
options could have a material adverse impact on TLC Vision's reported earnings
and could make its reported earnings more volatile. Under current U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles, the repriced options will be subject to variable
accounting treatment. Variable accounting requires that the difference between
the price of TLC Vision's common shares at the end of each financial quarter and
the new exercise price be charged to income as compensation over the remaining
vesting period of the outstanding options. If the price of TLC Vision common
shares rises above $8.688, variable accounting will require TLC Vision to
re-measure total compensation at the end of each quarter and take an appropriate
charge to income. This charge may be material to future quarterly and annual
results. TLC Vision is unable to estimate at this point the total amount of
compensation expense, if any, or the period to which the charge to income will
be made.
THE ABILITY OF TLC VISION'S SHAREHOLDERS TO EFFECT CHANGES IN CONTROL OF TLC
VISION IS LIMITED.
TLC Vision has a shareholder rights plan which enables the board of
directors to delay a change in control of TLC Vision. This could discourage a
third party from attempting to acquire control of TLC Vision, even if an attempt
would be beneficial to the interests of the shareholders. In addition, since TLC
Vision is a Canadian corporation, investments in TLC Vision may be subject to
the provisions of the Investment Canada Act. In general, this act provides a
system for the notification to the Investment Canada agency of acquisitions of
Canadian businesses by non-Canadian investors and for the review by the
Investment Canada agency of acquisitions that meet thresholds specified in the
act. To the extent that a non-Canadian person or company attempted to acquire
33% or more of TLC Vision's outstanding common stock, the threshold for a
presumption of control, the transaction could be reviewable by the Investment
Canada agency. These factors, and others, could have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change of control of TLC Vision supported by
shareholders but opposed by TLC Vision's board of directors.
37
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company's 68 branded centers are located in leased premises. The
leases are negotiated on market terms and typically have a term of five to ten
years. LaserVision leases approximately 12 locations throughout the United
States from which it conducts its fixed site and mobile laser access operations.
The Company also maintains investment interests in two secondary care
practices located in Michigan and Oklahoma. The secondary care practice in
Michigan has five satellite locations and the secondary care practice in
Oklahoma has two satellite locations. The terms of the Company's leases provide
for total aggregate monthly lease obligations of approximately $850,000.
TLC Vision's International Headquarters are located in premises in
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. See "Item 7 - Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for a discussion of the
Company's sale and leaseback transaction involving such facility. TLC Vision's
U.S. Corporate Office is located in approximately 20,500 square feet of leased
office space in St. Louis, Missouri under a lease which will expire in 2006. TLC
Vision also maintains approximately 7,000 square feet of office/warehouse space
in Bloomington, Minnesota under a lease expiring in 2009 for its cataract
operations.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On February 9, 2001, Joseph Dello Russo, M.D. filed a lawsuit, against
the Company and certain physicians associated with the Company, in the United
States District Court, Eastern District of New York alleging false description,
false advertising and deceptive trade practices based upon certain
advertisements of a doctor with substantially the same name as the plaintiff.
The complaint alleges compensatory damages to be no less than $30,000,000 plus
punitive damages. This lawsuit is in the early stages and the Company intends to
vigorously defend this matter. Although there can be no assurance, the Company
does not expect this suit to have a material adverse effect on its business,
financial condition or results of operations.
In April 2002, Lesa K. Melchor, Richard D. and Lee Ann Dubois and Major
Gary D. Liebowitz filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, Southern District
of Texas, Houston Division against Laser Vision Centers, Inc. This is a
securities claim seeking damages for losses incurred in trading in LaserVision
stock and options in the period from November 1999 to December 2001. In their
Complaint, the plaintiffs allege that they were given false and misleading
information by LaserVision's Director of Investor Relations. The plaintiffs also
seek to have the lawsuit certified as a class action. The company believes that
the claims of the plaintiffs are without merit and intends to vigorously defend
the suit. The Company has filed a Motion to Dismiss the suit which is currently
pending before the Court.
The Company is subject to various claims and legal actions in the
ordinary course of its business, which may or may not be covered by insurance.
These matters include, without limitation, professional liability,
employee-related matters and inquiries and investigations by governmental
agencies.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
A special meeting of shareholders of TLC Vision was held on April 18,
2002. At the special meeting, shareholders of the Company voted on the following
proposals: (a) a proposal to approve the transactions contemplated by an
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 25, 2001, by and among the
Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and LaserVision, pursuant to
which LaserVision would become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company; (b) an
amendment to the Company's articles of incorporation to change its corporate
name from "TLC Laser Eye Centers Inc." to "TLC VISION Corporation;" (c) the
continuance of the Company under the laws of New Brunswick, including the
adoption of new by-laws; (d) the amendment of the Company's articles of
incorporation to increase the maximum number of directors from ten to fifteen;
(e) the repricing of stock options of the Company with an exercise price above
$8.688; (f) the election of eleven directors; and (g) the
38
appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as auditors of the Company for the 2002 fiscal
year and the authorization of the directors to fix the remuneration to be paid
to the auditors. Each of the proposals, including the election of each of the
eleven directors, was approved at the special meeting.
With respect to the approval of the transactions contemplated by the
Agreement and Plan of Merger, the following votes were cast:
Votes in favor Votes against Abstentions
- -------------- ------------- -----------
21,201,665 214,646 8,958
With respect to the amendment to the Company's articles of incorporation to
change its corporate name from "TLC VISION Laser Eye Centers Inc." to "TLC
VISION Corporation," the following votes were cast:
Votes in favor Votes against Abstentions
- -------------- ------------- -----------
26,872,140 14,650 18,768
With respect to the continuance of the Company under the laws of New Brunswick,
including the adoption of new by-laws, the following votes were cast:
Votes in favor Votes against Abstentions
- -------------- ------------- -----------
21,280,307 103,891 41,271
With respect to the amendment to the Company's articles of incorporation to
increase the maximum number of directors from ten to fifteen, the following
votes were cast:
Votes in favor Votes against Abstentions
- -------------- ------------- -----------
26,620,992 241,205 40,151
With respect to the repricing of stock options of the Company with an exercise
price above $8.688, the following votes were cast:
Votes in favor Votes against
- -------------- -------------
13,549,495 6,854,004
39
With respect to the election of eleven directors, the following votes were cast:
Nominee Votes in favor Votes Withheld
------- -------------- --------------
Elias Vamvakas 26,728,600 16,8058
Dr. Jeffery J. Machat
John F. Riegert
Howard J. Gourwitz
Dr. William David Sullins, Jr.
Thomas N. Davidson
Warren S. Rustand
John J. Klobnak
James M. Garvey
Dr. Richard Lindstrom
David S. Joseph
With respect to the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as auditors of the Company
for the 2002 fiscal year and the authorization of the directors to fix the
remuneration to be paid to the auditors, the following votes were cast:
Votes in favor Votes against Abstentions
- -------------- ------------- -----------
26,788,050 0 88,905
40
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Market Information
The Common Shares are listed on The Toronto Stock Exchange under the
symbol "TLC" and on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "TLCV." The
following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing
prices per Common Share of the Common Shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange and
the Nasdaq National Market:
The
Toronto Nasdaq
Stock National
Exchange Market
------------- ----------- ------------ -----------
High Low High Low
------------- ----------- ------------ -----------
Fiscal 2002
First Quarter C$8.48 C$5.76 $5.54 $3.72
Second Quarter 6.09 3.00 3.86 1.87
Third Quarter 5.77 3.15 3.60 2.04
Fourth Quarter 5.95 3.50 3.72 2.13
Fiscal 2001
First Quarter C$12.20 C$7.70 $8.313 $5.00
Second Quarter 8.20 3.55 5.50 2.25
Third Quarter 12.00 1.67 7.875 1.125
Fourth Quarter 14.20 7.11 9.25 4.64
RECORD HOLDERS
As of July 31, 2002, there were approximately 949 record holders of the
Common Shares.
DIVIDENDS
The Company has never declared or paid cash dividends on the Common
Shares. It is the policy of the Board of Directors of the Company to retain
earnings to finance growth and development of its business and, therefore, the
Company does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its Common Shares in the
near future.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Set forth in the following pages are selected historical
consolidated financial data as of and for each of the fiscal years in the
five-year period ended May 31, 2002, which have been derived from and should be
read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company
and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. See Note 1 to "Item
8 - Financial Statement and Supplementary Data".
41
1998 1999(8) 2000 2001(7) 2002(6)
------ ------- ------- ------- -------
(U.S. dollars, in
thousands except per
share amounts)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
DATA
Amounts under U.S.
GAAP(1)
Net revenues(2) 59,121 146,910 201,223 174,006 134,751
Cost of Revenues 29,669 92,383 129,234 110,016 97,789
Gross margin 29,452 54,527 71,989 63,990 36,962
General administration 29,875 32,448 66,611 67,802 52,475
Net loss for the year(3) - (10,280) (4,556) (5,918) (37,773) (146,675)
U.S. GAAP
Loss per share -
U.S. GAAP (0.37) (0.13) (0.16) (1.00) (3.74)
Weighted average 28,035 34,090 37,778 37,779 39,215
number of Common
Shares outstanding
(in thousands)
42
1998(4) 1999(8) 2000 2001(7) 2002(6)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
OPERATING DATA
Number of eye care centers (at end of
period)
Owned centers 36 40 36 30 33
Managed centers 9 15 26 29 32
Number of access service sites(5)
Refractive 336
Cataract 280
Number of secondary care centers 15 14 5 5 5
(at end of period)
Number of laser vision correction
procedures:
Owned centers 24,222 52,506 62,000 55,553 37,628
Managed centers 11,637 38,094 72,000 67,247 57,372
Total procedures 38,859(4) 90,600 134,000 122,800 95,000
AS OF MAY 31
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
BALANCE SHEET DATA
Cash and cash equivalents 1,895 125,598 78,531 47,987 45,074
Working capital 53,153 146,884 59,481 36,837 16,419
Total assets 164,212 295,675 289,364 238,438 245,515
Total debt, excluding current portion 17,911 11,030 6,728 8,313 14,643
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Capital Stock 143,554 269,454 269,953 276,277 387,701
Warrants and options -- -- 532 532 11,755
Deficit (22,421) (31,267) (42,388) (80,161) (242,010)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 407 5,936 (4,451) (9,542) --
Total shareholders' equity 121,540 244,123 223,646 187,106 155,014
(1) In the financial information provided, the Company has reported in U.S.
GAAP. In years prior to fiscal 2000, Form 10-K submissions and quarterly
Form 10-Q submissions were reported in Canadian GAAP.
(2) Includes primarily those revenues pertaining to the operation of eye care
centers, the management of refractive and secondary care centers and the
Company's other non-refractive businesses.
(3) Excluded from fiscal 2002's Net loss for the year is the cumulative effect
of an accounting change of $15.2 million.
(4) Includes procedures performed at centers previously owned by BeaconEye Inc.
("Beacon"). Beacon was acquired by TLC Vision on April 16, 1998
(5) An access service site is a site where service has been provided in the
preceding 90 days.
(6) In fiscal 2002, the selected financial data of the Company includes:
(a) an impairment of intangibles charge of $81.7 million;
(b) a write down in the fair value of investments and long-term
receivables of $26.1 million;
(c) a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle of $15.2 million;
(d) a restructuring charge of $8.8 million; and
(e) a reduction in the carrying value of fixed assets of $2.6 million.
(7) In fiscal 2001, the selected financial data of the Company includes a
restructuring charge of $19.1 million.
(8) In fiscal 1999, the selected financial data of the Company includes a
restructuring charge of $12.9 million.
43
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the
Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto, which are
included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The following discussion is based upon the
Company's results under United States generally accepted accounting principles.
Unless otherwise specified; all dollar amounts are U.S. dollars. See Note 1 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company.
OVERVIEW
TLC Vision Corporation ("TLC Vision" or the "Company") provides eye
surgery services in four core areas. First, the Company owns and manages premium
branded refractive eye care centers throughout North America and, together with
its relationships with affiliated eye care doctors, specializes in laser vision
correction services to treat common refractive vision disorders such as myopia
(nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism. Laser vision
correction surgery is an out-patient procedure that is designed to change the
curvature of the cornea to reduce or eliminate a patient's reliance on
eyeglasses or contact lenses. Second, through the Company's subsidiary, Laser
Vision Centers, Inc. ("LaserVision"), the Company provides refractive equipment
access and services to independent surgeons through either fixed or mobile
delivery systems. Third, the Company furnishes independent surgeons with mobile
access to cataract surgery equipment and services through Midwest Surgical
Services, Inc. Finally, the Company, through OR Partners, Inc. owns and operates
ambulatory surgery centers where independent surgeons perform a variety of
surgical procedures.
In accordance with an Agreement and Plan of Merger with LaserVision,
the Company completed a business combination with LaserVision on May 15, 2002.
LaserVision is a leading access service provider of excimer lasers,
microkeratomes and other equipment and value and support services to eye
surgeons. The Company believes that the combined companies can provide a broader
array of services to eye care professionals to ensure these individuals may
provide superior quality of care and achieve outstanding clinical results. The
Company believes this will be the long-term determinant of success in the eye
surgery services industry.
The Company serves surgeons who performed over 95,000 procedures at the
Company's centers or using the Company's laser access during the fiscal year
ended May 31, 2002.
The Company is assessing patient, optometric and ophthalmic industry
trends and developing strategies to improve laser vision correction procedure
and revenue volumes. Cost reduction initiatives continue to target the effective
use of funds and our growth initiative is focusing on future development
opportunities for the Company in the laser vision correction industry.
The Company recognizes revenues at the time services are rendered.
Revenues include only those revenues pertaining to owned laser centers, laser
access and service fees and management fees from managing refractive and
secondary care practices. Under the terms of practice management agreements,
the Company provides non-clinical services, which include management services,
staffing, equipment lease and maintenance, marketing and administrative services
to refractive and secondary care practices in return for management fees. The
management fees represent fair market value for the services that are furnished
by the Company and are typically addressed as a per procedure fee, where
applicable. For third party payor programs and corporations with arrangements
with TLC Vision, the Company's management fee and the fee charged by the surgeon
are both discounted in proportion to the
44
discount afforded to these organizations. While the Company does not direct the
manner in which the surgeons practice medicine, the Company does direct the
day-to-day non-clinical operations of the centers. The practice management
agreements typically are for an extended period of time, ranging from 5 to 15
years. Management fees are equal to the net revenue of the physician practice,
less amounts retained by the physician groups.
Revenues of the physician's practice represent amounts charged to
patients for laser vision correction services net of the impact of applicable
patient discounts and related contractual adjustments. Amounts retained by
physician groups may include costs for uncollectible amounts from patients,
professional contractual costs and miscellaneous administrative charges.
Uncollectible amounts from patients are reviewed and provided for on a
regular monthly basis for those amounts due from physicians or patients for
which there is a reduced likelihood of collection in whole or in part.
Procedure volumes represent the number of laser vision correction
procedures completed for which the amount that the patient has been invoiced for
the procedure exceeds a pre-defined company wide per procedure revenue
threshold. Procedures may be invoiced under the threshold amounts primarily for
promotional or marketing purposes and are not included in the procedure volume
numbers reported. By not counting these promotional procedures the net revenue
after doctor's compensation per procedure ratio is higher than if these
procedures had been included in the procedure volumes.
Doctors' compensation as presented in the financial statements
represents the cost to the Company of engaging ophthalmic professionals to
perform laser vision correction services at the Company's owned laser centers
and fees paid to optometrists for pre- and post-operative care. Where the
Company manages laser centers the professional corporations or physicians
performing the professional services at such centers engage ophthalmic
professionals. As such, the costs associated with arranging for these
professionals to furnish professional services are reported as a cost of the
professional corporation and not of the Company.
Included in costs of revenue are the laser fees payable to laser
manufacturers for royalties, use and maintenance of the lasers, variable
expenses for consumables, financing costs and facility fees as well as center
costs associated with personnel, facilities and depreciation of center assets.
In Company owned centers, the Company engages doctors to provide laser
vision correction services and the amounts paid to the doctors are reported as a
cost of revenue as well.
Selling, general and administrative expenses include expenses which
are not directly related to the provision of laser correction services.
In the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002, the Company's procedure volume
decreased by 27% from the fiscal year 2001. In the quarter ended May 31, 2002,
the Company's procedure volume decreased 5% sequentially from the previous
quarter ended February 28, 2002 and decreased by 20% quarter over quarter from
the previous fiscal year's fourth quarter ended May 31, 2001. The Company
believes that the reduction in procedure volume from prior fiscal years and
quarters are indicative of overall conditions in the laser vision correction
industry. The laser vision correction industry has experienced uncertainty
resulting from a number of issues, including but not limited to, a wide range in
consumer prices for laser
45
vision correction procedures, the recent bankruptcies of a number of deep
discount laser vision correction companies, the ongoing safety and effectiveness
concerns arising from the lack of long-term follow-up data and negative news
stories focusing on patients with unfavorable outcomes from procedures performed
at centers competing with the Company. In addition, being an elective procedure,
laser vision correction volumes may have been further depressed by economic
conditions currently being experienced in North America.
Despite the pricing pressures in the industry, the Company's net
revenue after doctor compensation (defined by the Company as net revenue less
doctors compensation) per procedure has increased 5% in fiscal 2002 compared to
fiscal 2001 and 5% in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2002 compared to the fourth
quarter of fiscal 2001. The increase was largely a result of deep discount
surgery providers filing for bankruptcy thus relieving some of the price
pressures that have occurred in prior fiscal years.
The Company has decided to early adopt the accounting standards of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 142, Goodwill and Other
Intangible Assets. Effective on June 1, 2001, amortization of goodwill is no
longer required. However, the new standard introduces guidance on testing
goodwill for impairment. Upon adoption, TLC Vision was required to perform a
transitional impairment test on goodwill that existed as at June 1, 2001. The
Company, with the assistance of third party valuators, quantified the overall
impairment in goodwill. TLC Vision had identified certain reporting units for
which the carrying value exceeded the fair value at June 1, 2001, indicating a
potential impairment of goodwill in those reporting units. Step two of the
transitional impairment test, used to determine the magnitude of a goodwill
impairment, was completed by May 31, 2002, the end of the Company's fiscal year,
and the resulting impairment of $15.2 million was recorded as a cumulative
effect of a change in accounting principle.
Under the new standards, TLC Vision is also required to perform
additional tests of goodwill impairment at least annually, but more frequently
if indications of impairment exist.
An impairment analysis was conducted by TLC Vision on May 31, 2002.
Upon completion of the merger of LaserVision, TLC Vision identified certain
reporting units for which the carrying value exceeded the fair value. As a
result, the Company recorded a charge to operating expenses of $50.7 million,
including $45.9 million related to the impairment of goodwill resulting from the
LaserVision acquisition and $4.8 million relating to impairment of goodwill from
prior acquisitions.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 121, Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of,
requires long-lived assets included within the scope of the Statement be
reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of those long-lived assets might not be recoverable.
Given the significant decrease in the trading price of the Company's common
stock, current period operating or cash flow loss combined with its history of
operating or cash flow losses, the result of an initial review was that on an
undiscounted basis all the refractive practice management agreements ("PMAs")
were impaired and a further fair value analysis based on the present value of
future cash flows were completed to determine the extent of the impairment. As a
result of this further review,
46
An impairment charge of $31.0 million was reported and included in the operating
loss for the year ended May 31, 2002.
TLC Vision made its first investment in Lasersight Incorporated
("Lasersight") prior to the beginning of fiscal 2000. LaserSight is a company
involved in the research and development of new laser technology. From the time
of purchase through the third quarter of fiscal 2000, the market value of the
investment exceeded the carrying value at each quarter end. However, at November
30, 2001, the Company believed that the impairment should be considered other
than temporary for a number of reasons including: the impairment is very
substantial relative to the original purchase price; the impairment has
persisted for more than nine months; sufficient time has passed to determine
that the marketplace has not reacted well to FDA approval of Lasersight's new
technology. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $20.1
million.
Prior to the completion of the merger, TLC Vision had written down its
investment in LaserVision, considered a portfolio investment, by $1.8 million
due to an other than temporary decline in its value. The Company also recorded
impairment charges of $2.0 million on its investment in Britton Vision
Associates and of $2.2 million on other investments.
During fiscal 2002, the Company reported a reduction in the carrying value
of capital assets of $2.6 million reflecting a reduction of the Company's
LaserSight lasers and two VISX lasers. These lasers do not represent the most
current technology available and the Company has made the decision to write the
lasers down to current market value and will evaluate the best option for
utilization or upgrade of these lasers.
Developments in 2002
Laser Vision Centers, Inc.
On May 15, 2002, the Company merged with LaserVision, and the results of
LaserVision operations have been included in the Company's consolidated
financial statements since that date. LaserVision provides access to excimer
lasers, microkeratomes, other equipment and value added support services to eye
surgeons for laser vision correction and the treatment of cataracts. The merger
was effected as an all-stock combination at a fixed exchange rate of 0.95 of a
common share of the Company for each issued and outstanding share of LaserVision
common stock, which resulted in the issuance of 26.6 million common shares of
the Company. In addition, the Company converted existing outstanding options or
warrants to acquire stock of LaserVision based on the 0.95 exchange rate and
issued options or warrants to acquire approximately 8.0 million common shares of
the Company. The Company used the purchase method of accounting to give effect
to the acquisition and combination of TLC Vision and LaserVision. The total
purchase price of the acquisition was $130.6 million consisting of:
o $111.0 million of TLC Vision shares issued to LaserVision
shareholders, which includes TLC's ownership of LaserVision's common
stock adjusted for the fixed exchange rate of 0.95 valued at $2.4
million,
47
o $9.8 million of costs incurred related to the merger (which includes
$2.9 million in severance costs to a former LaserVision employee and
$6.9 million in costs incurred by TLC Vision),
o $1.2 million of TLC's cash investment of LaserVision prior to the
closing of the acquisition, and
o $11.0 million representing the fair value of TLC Vision options to
purchase common shares in exchange for all the outstanding LaserVision
options and warrants as of the effective date of the acquisition and
options issued in relation to severance.
If the merger agreement with LaserVision had been completed on June 1, 2000, the
unaudited pro forma effects on the consolidated statements of loss for the
fiscal years ended May 31, 2002 and 2001 would have been to increase revenues by
$99.7 million and $122.7 million respectively, and to increase the net loss for
the year, before and after the cumulative effect of an accounting change, by
$27.9 million and a decrease in the net loss of $3.8 million respectfully. As a
result, the impact of the above changes to net loss, combined with the dilutive
effect by the increased number of shares, the loss per share for the fiscal
years ended May 31, 2002 and 2001 would have been reduced by $1.02 and $0.45 per
share respectfully. Impacting the proforma results for the year ended May 31,
2002 are the following items:
a. Gain of $7.5 million (See Note 23, Subsequent Events)
has been included representing amounts accrued for the
settlement of a class action anti-trust case involving
two laser manufacturers.
b. Expenses of $6.3 million relating to the pending
merger with the Company
c. Impairment charges of:
i) $20.6 million relating to goodwill;
ii) $4.7 million relating to deferred contract
rights; and
iii) $1.8 million relating to asset impairments.
The above unaudited pro forma information is presented for information purposes
only and may not be indicative of the results of operations as they would have
been if the merger had occurred on June 1, 2000, nor is it necessarily
indicative of the results of operations which may occur in the future.
Anticipated efficiencies from the combination have been excluded from the
amounts included in the pro forma information.
The $8.0 million relating to the activities of LaserVision represents a
contingent asset received related to the Pillar Point settlement acquired by TLC
Vision that has been included in the purchase price allocation as at May 15,
2002 as an other asset. The Company is currently investigating its legal
obligations with regards to the amount of this settlement that may need to be
paid to the minority interests in the former LaserVision subsidiaries and is
awaiting further information and analysis in this regard. However, based on its
current review of its obligations, management has included an accrual of $.5
million for its best estimate of the liability that existed at the date of the
acquisition. If the additional information with regards to the legal obligations
indicates that a different amount should be paid, any adjustment will be
recorded as an adjustment to the purchase price allocation.
The merger of LaserVision was accounted for in accordance with SFAS 141,
Business Combinations.
48
Restructuring activities
During fiscal 2002, the Company implemented a restructuring program to
reduce employee costs consistent with current revenue levels, close certain
under performing centers and eliminate duplicate functions caused by the merger
with LaserVision. By the end of the year, this program resulted in total cost
for severance, lease commitments and office closures of $8.8 million of which
$2.5 million has been paid out in cash and options. The Company estimates that
these restructuring programs will save the Company approximately $9.1 million on
an annual basis in future periods.
Divestiture
Vision Source
In July 1997, TLC Vision acquired 100% interest in Vision Source, Inc.
("Vision Source") for share consideration. Vision Source is a franchiser of
private eye care practitioners. In fiscal 2002, the Company signed a restricted
stock incentive plan and related agreements which will allow the current
management of Vision Source to be awarded up to 49% of the common shares of
Vision Source provided certain performance requirements are achieved by May 31,
2005. As of May 31, 2002, 26% of the performance requirement was achieved,
resulting in a charge to income of $0.8 million, which was reported as cost of
revenues in the other healthcare services segment. When and if Vision Source
management achieves the remaining performance objectives to earn the remaining
23% of Vision Source common stock, additional charges to income will be recorded
based upon the estimated fair value of Vision Source stock as earned.
Pure Laser Hair Removal and Treatment Clinics, Inc.
On July 8, 2002, TLC Vision sold its holdings of Pure Laser Hair
Removal and Treatment Clinics, Inc. ("Pure") for a promissory note of $.4
million and 10% of the Pure's net income for operating years 2004 to 2008. As at
May 31, 2002, the Company had an agreement in principle for the sale of Pure.
Under FAS 121, when management having the authority to approve an action has
committed to a plan to dispose of long-lived assets, the assets are to be
reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. The
Company has guaranteed the facilities leases for the buyer totalling $0.6
million. As management does not believe the buyer will be able to fulfill this
commitment the Company has reserved and charged income for $0.6 million.
Further, as TLC Vision does not expect to recover the note receivable,
management has quantified the expected loss on disposal to be approximately $0.3
million and recorded an impairment in the assets for the entire amount in fiscal
2002.
VISX SETTLEMENT
In July 2001, two excimer laser manufacturers reported settling a class
action anti-trust case. In August 2002, LaserVision received approximately $8.0
million from its portion of the settlement,
49
and TLC Vision received $7.0 million.
The $8.0 million relating to the activities of LaserVision represents a
contingent asset acquired by TLC Vision that has been included in the purchase
price allocation as at May 15, 2002 as an other asset. The Company is currently
investigating its legal obligations with regards to the amount of this
settlement that may need to be paid to the minority interests in the former
LaserVision subsidiaries and is awaiting further information and analysis in
this regard. However, based on its current review of its obligations, management
has included an accrual of $500,000 for its best estimate of the liability that
existed at the date of the acquisition. If the additional information with
regards to the legal obligations indicates that a different amount should be
paid, any adjustment will be recorded as an adjustment to the purchase price
allocation.
The $7.0 million relating to the activities of TLC Vision prior to the
acquisition represents a contingent gain. Management is also investigating its
legal obligations with regards to the amount of this settlement than may need to
be paid to the minority interests or the various physicians affiliated or
associated with TLC Vision and is awaiting further information and analysis in
this regard. Accordingly, if it is not currently able to estimate the amount, if
any, to which the holders of minority interests may be entitled, the difference
between the $7.0 million amount and the amount to be paid to the minority
interests and physicians, if any, will be recorded as a gain in fiscal 2003.
Critical accounting policies
Goodwill
The Company accounts for its goodwill in accordance with SFAS 142 which
requires the Company to make significant judgements about the determination of
the fair value of its reporting units in order to assess whether there has been
an impairment in the value of the goodwill. These judgements are dependent on a
number of factors such as projected future cash flows, general economic and
competitive conditions and appropriate discount rates. A change in these
assumptions could result in material charges to income. During the current
year, the Company determined that a significant impairment in the value of the
goodwill had occurred and recorded both a transitional charge to earnings on
adoption of SFAS 142 and a further charge to earnings during the year.
Long lived assets
The Company accounts for its long lived assets in accordance with SFAS 121
which requires the Company to periodically assess the recoverability of these
assets by determining whether projected undiscounted cash flows will be
sufficient to cover the carrying value of such assets. This requires the
company to make significant judgements about the expected future cash flows
that are dependent on the general and economic conditions and are subject to
change. A change in these assumptions could result in material charges to
income. During the current year, the Company determined that a significant
impairment in the value of its intangible assets and certain of its fixed
assets had occurred and recorded a charge to earnings.
Investments
The Company accounts for its available for sale securities in accordance with
SFAS 115 which requires the Company to record these investments at market value
at each reporting period. Changes in market value are recorded as other
comprehensive income except when declines in market value below cost are
considered to be other than temporary. The determination of whether a decline
in market value is considered other than temporary involves making significant
judgements considering factors such as the length of duration of the decline
and factors specific to each investment. During the year, the Company
determined that factors indicated that an other than temporary decline had
occurred and recorded a significant charge to income.
50
TLC VISION CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS
(U.S. dollars and number of shares, in thousands)
Years Ended May 31,
------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
------------ ------------ ------------
Revenues
Refractive
Owned centers $ 50,252 $ 78,470 $ 97,608
Management, facility and access fees 65,656 82,749 92,625
Other healthcare services 18,843 12,787 10,990
------------ ------------ ------------
134,751 174,006 201,223
Total revenues
------------ ------------ ------------
Expenses
Cost of revenues
Refractive
Owned centers 38,877 55,226 68,439
Management, facility and access fees 44,860 44,684 51,549
Reduction in carrying value of capital assets 2,553
Other healthcare services 11,499 10,106 9,246
------------ ------------ ------------
97,789 110,016 129,234
Total cost of net revenues
------------ ------------ ------------
36,962 63,990 71,989
Gross margin
------------ ------------ ------------
52,475 67,802 66,611
Selling, general and administrative
761 (2,543) (4,492)
Interest and other
Depreciation of capital assets and assets under 1,203 2,262 1,932
capital lease
Amortization of intangibles 10,227 12,543 7,396
Write down in the fair value of investments 26,082 -- --
Impairment of Intangibles 81,720
Restructuring and other charges 8,750 19,075 --
------------ ------------ ------------
181,218 99,139 71,447
------------ ------------ ------------
Income (loss) before income taxes
and non-controlling interest (144,256) (35,149) 542
Income taxes (1,784) (2,239) (3,454)
Non-controlling interest (635) (385) (3,006)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss for the year before the cumulative
effect of accounting change $ (146,675) $ (37,773) $ (5,918)
============ ============ ============
Cumulative effect of accounting change (15,174)
============ ============ ============
Net loss for year after cumulative effect of accounting
change $ (161,849) $ (37,773) $ (5,918)
============ ============ ============
Net loss for the year before the cumulative effect
of accounting change - Basic and Diluted $ (3.74) $ (1.00) $ (0.16)
============ ============ ============
Cumulative effect of accounting change per share
- - Basic and Diluted $ (0.39) -- --
============ ============ ============
Net loss for the year after cumulative effect of
accounting change - Basic and Diluted $ (4.13) $ (1.00) $ (0.16)
============ ============ ============
Weighted average number of
common shares outstanding - Basic and Diluted 39,215 37,779 37,178
============ ============ ============
51
Year ended May 31, 2002 compared to Year ended May 31, 2001
Revenues for fiscal 2002 were $134.8 million, which was a 23% decrease
over the prior fiscal year $174.0 million. Approximately 86% of total revenues
were derived from refractive services as compared to 93% in fiscal 2001.
Revenues from refractive activities for fiscal 2002 were $115.9
million, which is 28.1% lower than the prior fiscal year's $161.2 million.
Approximately 95,000 procedures were performed in fiscal 2002 compared to
approximately 122,800 procedures in fiscal 2001. Management believes that the
decrease in procedure volume and the associated reduction of revenue was
indicative of the overall condition of the laser vision correction industry. The
laser vision correction industry has experienced uncertainty resulting from a
wide range in consumer prices for laser vision correction procedures, the recent
bankruptcies of a number of deep discount laser vision correction companies, the
ongoing safety and effectiveness concerns arising from the lack of long-term
follow-up data and negative news stories focusing on patients with unfavorable
outcomes from procedures performed at centers competing with TLC VISION centers.
In addition, as an elective procedure, laser vision correction volumes have been
further depressed by economic conditions currently being experienced in North
America. The Company maintains its stated objective of being a premium provider
of laser vision correction services in an industry that has faced significant
pricing pressures. Despite pricing pressures in the industry, the Company's net
revenue after doctor compensation per procedure, for fiscal 2002 increased by 5%
in comparison to fiscal 2001. The increase was largely a result of deep discount
surgery providers filing for bankruptcy thus relieving some of the price
pressures that have occurred in prior fiscal years.
Revenues from other healthcare services was $18.8 million in fiscal
2002, an increase of over 47% in comparison to $12.8 million in fiscal 2001. The
increase in revenues reflected revenue growth in the network marketing and
management and the professional healthcare facility management subsidiaries,
while revenues in the secondary care management, and asset management
subsidiaries reflected little or moderate growth.
Cost of revenues from other healthcare services was $11.5 million in
fiscal 2002, an increase of over 14% in comparison to $10.1 million in fiscal
2001. The increase in cost of revenue reflected the increase in revenue growth
in the network marketing and management and the professional healthcare facility
management subsidiaries. The cost of revenues for other healthcare services
centers in fiscal 2001 included the cost of TLC Visions eyeVantange.com
subsidiary. EyeVantage.com incurred a significant amount of cost without
offsetting revenue, thereby resulting in cost of revenues increasing at a lesser
rate than the increase in the associated revenues in fiscal 2002.
52
Net loss from other healthcare services was $13.8 million in fiscal
2002, in comparison to a net loss of $18.6 for 2001. The loss for fiscal 2002
included $12.0 for the impairment of goodwill and $2.0 for the writedown of
investments in other healthcare services. The loss for fiscal 2001 included the
activities of eyeVantage.com, Inc., which generated losses of $5.6 million. Net
loss for fiscal 2002 does not reflect the activities of eyeVantage.com, Inc. due
to the decision by the Company in fiscal 2001 to cease material funding of this
subsidiary and the resulting decision by eyeVantage.com, Inc. to abandon its
e-commerce enterprise. The profit from other healthcare services for fiscal 2002
of $0.2 million excluding the impairment and investment writedowns, reflected an
increase from the loss of $1.3 million for fiscal 2001 (excluding
eyeVantage.com, Inc. and restructuring costs). The improved profitability for
2002 was due primarily to increased revenues while managing the cost structure
thus increasing gross margins.
In the final quarter of fiscal 2000 and during fiscal 2001, the Company
entered into practice management agreements with a number of surgeons resulting
in an increase in intangible assets to reflect the value assigned to these
agreements. These intangible assets are amortized over the term of the
applicable agreements. These agreements have resulted, either directly or
indirectly, in lower per procedure fees being paid to the applicable surgeons
and a corresponding reduction in doctors' compensation to offset the increased
amortization costs. The result was an increase to the net revenue after doctors'
compensation per procedure ratio. The Company's operating results for fiscal
2002 included a non-cash pre-tax charge of $31.0 million to record the
impairment in the carrying value of certain practice management agreements on
which the carrying value exceeded the fair value as of May 31, 2002.
The cost of refractive revenues from eye care centers for fiscal 2002 was
$86.3 million, 13.6% less than cost of refractive revenues of $99.9 million in
fiscal 2001. These reductions were in-line with reduced doctors compensation
resulting from lower procedure volumes, reductions in royalty fees on laser
usage and reduced personnel costs. These reductions were offset by a reduction
in the carrying value of capital assets of $2.6 million reflecting a reduction
of the Company's LaserSight lasers to $0 and two VISX lasers to $75,000 each.
These lasers do not represent the most current technology available and the
Company has made the decision to write the lasers down to current market value
and will evaluate the best option for utilization or upgrade of these lasers.
The cost of revenues for refractive centers include a fixed cost component for
infrastructure of personnel, facilities and minimum equipment usage fees which
has resulted in cost of revenues decreasing at a lesser rate (13.6% for fiscal
2002, as compared to fiscal 2001) than the decrease in the associated revenues.
Cost of revenues of owned centers include the cost of doctor compensation. Cost
of doctor compensation varies in relation to revenues. Accordingly, when
combined with the conversion of a number of owned centers to managed centers,
the cost of revenues of owned centers reflect a much larger variance in the
decrease in the costs of revenues in comparison to managed centers.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to $52.5 million
in fiscal 2002 from $67.8 million in fiscal 2001, a decrease of $15.3 million or
22.6%. This decrease was primarily attributable to decreased marketing costs,
decreased infrastructure costs and reductions associated with Corporate
Advantage and Third Party Payer programs, each identified in conjunction with
the Company's cost reduction initiatives.
Interest (income)/expense reflects interest revenue from the Company's
net cash and cash equivalent position. Interest revenue has been consistently
decreasing throughout the year as a result of
53
the Company's declining cash position and a decrease on the interest yields
throughout the year. This decrease also includes an increase in interest expense
resulting from additional long-term debt and as a result of the sale-leaseback
transaction of the corporate international headquarters in Canada in the second
quarter
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased to $11.4 million in the
current fiscal year from $14.8 million in fiscal 2001, primarily as the result
of the Company's early adoption of SFAS No. 142, thus eliminating the
requirement for the goodwill amortization. The adoption of this statement
resulted in decreased amortization expense of approximately $2.8 million for
fiscal 2002. Depreciation and amortization expense has also decreased due to
fewer capital additions resulting from limited development of new centers and
the closure of certain existing centers.
The Company's adoption of SFAS 142 resulted in a transitional
impairment loss of $15.2 million, which was recorded as a cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle in the fourth quarter. In addition, the Company's
operating results for fiscal 2002 included a non-cash pretax charge of $50.7
million to reduce the carrying value of goodwill for which the carrying value
exceeded the fair value as of May 31, 2002, including $45.9 million related to
the impairment of goodwill from the acquisition of LaserVision and $4.8 million
for the impairment of goodwill from prior acquisitions.
Intangible assets whose useful lives are not indefinite are amortized
on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable agreement to a maximum
of 15 years. Current amortization periods range from 5 to 15 years. In
establishing these long-term contractual relationships with the Company, key
surgeons in many cases have agreed to receive reduced fees for laser vision
correction procedures performed. The reduction in doctors' compensation offsets
in part the increased amortization of the intangible practice management
agreements.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 121, Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of,
requires long-lived assets included within the scope of the Statement be
reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of those long-lived assets might not be recoverable -
that is, information indicates that an impairment might exist. Given the
significant decrease in the trading price of the Company's common stock, current
period operating or cash flow loss combined with its history of operating or
cash flow losses, the Company identified certain practice management agreements
where the recoverability was impaired. As a result, the Company recorded an
impairment charge of $31 million in 2002.
TLC Vision made its first investment in Lasersight Incorporated
("Lasersight") prior to the beginning of fiscal 2000. Lasersight is a company
involved in the research and development of new laser technology. From the time
of purchase through the third quarter of fiscal 2000, the market value of the
investment exceeded the carrying value at each quarter end. However, by November
30, 2001, the Company believed that the impairment should be considered other
than temporary for a number of reasons including: the impairment is very
substantial relative to the original purchase price, the impairment has
persisted for more than nine months; sufficient time has passed to determine
that the market place has not reacted well to FDA approval of Lasersight's new
technology. As a result, the Company recorded a total impairment charge of $20.1
million during fiscal 2002.
54
With respect to its investment in LaserVision TLC Vision wrote down its
investment in LaserVision by $1.8 million in the period prior to the merger, due
to an other than temporary decline in its value. Finally, the Company has
recorded impairment charges of $2.0 million on its investment in Britton Vision
Associates and of $2.2 million on other investments.
During fiscal 2002, the Company implemented a restructuring program to
reduce employee costs in line with current revenue levels, close certain under
performing centers and eliminating duplicate functions caused by the merger with
LaserVision . By the end of the year, this program resulted in total cost for
severance and office closures of $8.8 million of which $2.5 million has been
paid out in cash and options. All restructuring costs will be financed through
the Company's cash and cash equivalents. These restructuring programs will save
the Company approximately $9.1 million on an annual basis in future periods.
(a) The Company continued its objective of reducing employee costs in line with
revenues. This activity occurred in two stages with total charges of $2.8
million. The first stage of reductions were identified in the second and
third quarters of fiscal 2002 and resulted in restructuring charges of $2.2
million all of which had been paid out in cash or options by the end of the
fiscal year. This reduction impacted 89 employees of whom 35 were working
in laser centers with the remaining 54 working within various corporate
functions. The second stage of the cost reduction required the Company to
identify the impact of its acquisition of LaserVision on May 15, 2002 and
eliminate surplus positions resulting from the acquisition.
These costs will be paid out by the end of the second quarter of fiscal
2003.
(b) As part of the Company restructuring subsequent to its acquisition of
LaserVision in May 2002, six centers were identified for closure: such
centers were identified based on managements earning criteria, earnings
before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. These closures
resulted in restructuring charges of $4.9 million reflecting a write-down
of fixed assets of $1.9 million and cash costs of $3.0 million which
include net lease commitments (net of costs to sublet and sub-lease income)
of $2.7 million, ongoing laser commitments of $0.7 million, termination
costs of a doctor's contract of $0.1 million and severance costs impacting
21 center employees of $0.1 million. The lease costs will be paid out over
the remaining term of the lease.
(c) The Company also identified four centers where management determined that
given the current and future expected procedures, the centers had excess
leased capacity or the lease arrangements were not economical. The Company
assessed these four centers to determine whether the excess space should be
subleased or whether the centres should be relocated. The Company provided
$1.0 million related to the costs associated with sub-leasing the excess or
unoccupied facilities. A total of $0.3 million of this provision related to
non-cash costs of writing down fixed assets and $0.7 million represented
net future cash costs for lease commitments and costs to sublet available
space offset by sub-lease income that is projected to be generated. The
lease costs will be paid out over the remaining term of the lease.
55
The following table identifies the allocation of costs for all the
component transactions reported as Restructuring and Other Charges:
SUMMARY OF RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
FISCAL 2002
($ 000's)
Cumulative - Draw
Restructuring charges downs
---------------------------------------- -------------------
Relocation/
Reduction Closure of Downsize Accrual
of employee laser laser balance as of
costs centers centers Total Cash Non-cash May 31, 2002
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Severances 2,599 86 -- 2,685 2,219 -- 466
Options issued 222 -- -- 222 -- 222
Lease commitments, net of
sub-lease income -- 2,048 717 2.765 2,765
Termination costs of doctors
contracts -- 146 -- 146 80 -- 66
Laser commitments 652 -- 652 -- -- 652
Write-down of Fixed Assets -- 1,949 331 2,280 -- 2,280 --
-------- ------- -------- --------- ------- ------- -------
Total restructuring charges 2,821 4,881 1,048 8,750 2,299 2,502 3,949
======== ======= ======== ========= ======= ======= =======
If the above restructuring activities had occurred at the beginning of
the year, the impact on the Company's results of operations would have been as
follows:
Impact on Fiscal 2002 earnings(1)(2)
Revenue -- 2,329 -- 2,329
Doctor Compensation -- 168 -- 168
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net revenues after doctor compensation -- 2,161 -- 2,161
Expenses:
Operating expenses(1) 4,928 4,643 624 10,195
Interest and other -- 30 -- 30
Depreciation of assets -- 856 -- 856
Amortization of intangibles -- -- --
Reduction in carrying value of assets -- 175 -- 175
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
4,928 5,704 624 11,256
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Loss from operations excluding
restructuring and other charges (4,928) (3,543) (624) (9,095)
========== ========== ========== ==========
Number of centers impacted n/a 6 4 10
Number of employees impacted- Center 35 18 -- 53
54 -- -- 54
Corporate
Number of months of operations during
Fiscal 2002 (2) 12 12 12
(1) Costs for the reduction in employees represent annualized cost of
employees, that were terminated.
(2) Closure of centers and relocation/downsize of centers occurred
effectively at the end of the year and numbers represent the impact
that these activities would have on fiscal 2002 results had they
occurred at the beginning of the year.
56
In August of 2002 the Company continued its objective of reducing
employee costs in line with revenues with total charges of $1.1 million, which
will be reflected in the first quarter 2003 earnings. This reduction impacted 30
employees of the corporate management and staff. These restructuring programs
are expected to save the Company approximately $2.0 million on an annual basis
going forward.
The Company is currently reviewing its space requirements with regards
to its international headquarters. No restructuring charge has been made
relating to this facility as no decision has been made with regards to the use
or disposal of this facility and the Company continues to use this facility for
certain functions. Any costs associated with exiting or renegotiating the lease
on this facility, which could be material, will be reflected in income in future
periods.
Income tax expense decreased to $1.8 million in fiscal 2002 from $2.2 million in
fiscal 2001. This decrease reflects the Company's losses incurred in fiscal 2002
offset by the impact of the tax liabilities associated with the Company's
investments in profitable subsidiaries that are less than 80% owned and the
requirement to reflect minimum tax liabilities relevant in Canada, United States
and certain other jurisdictions. As of May 31, 2002, the Company has non-capital
losses available for carryforward for income tax purposes of approximately
$81.2 million, which are available to reduce taxable income of future years.
The Canadian losses can only be utilized by the source company whereas the
United States losses are utilized on a United States consolidated basis. The
Canadian losses of $23.9 million expire as follows:
Year ended May 31,
2003 $2,290
2004 1,509
2005 831
2006 315
2007 580
2008 9,724
2009 8,647
57
The United States losses of $58.0 million expire between 2012 and 2022. The
Canadian and United States losses include amounts of $3.2 million and $14.7
million respectively relating to the acquisitions of 20/20 and BeaconEye, the
availability and timing of utilization of which may be restricted.
The loss for fiscal 2002 was $161.8, million or $4.13 per share,
compared to a loss of $37.8 million or $1.00 per share for fiscal 2001. This
increased loss primarily reflected the impact of reduced refractive revenues,
the reduction in carrying values of capital and intangible assets, the reduction
in the carrying value of Goodwill and the write down of investments offset
partially by reduced costs and decreased depreciation and amortization. The
Company has undertaken initiatives intended to address patient, optometric and
ophthalmic industry trends and expectations to improve laser vision correction
procedure and revenue volumes. Cost initiatives are targeting effective use of
funds and a growth initiative is focusing on the future development
opportunities for the Company in the laser vision eye care service industry.
YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2001 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2000
Revenues for fiscal 2001 were $174.0 million, which was a 13.5%
decrease over fiscal 2000 of $201.2 million. Approximately 93% of total revenues
were derived from refractive services as compared to 95% in fiscal 2000.
Revenues from eye care centers for fiscal 2001 were $161.2 million,
which was 15.2% lower than fiscal 2000 of $190.2 million. Approximately 122,800
procedures were performed in fiscal 2001 compared to 134,200 procedures in
fiscal 2000. The decrease in procedure volume and the associated reduction of
revenue reflects the condition of the laser vision correction industry, which
had experienced uncertainty due to a wide range in consumer prices for laser
vision correction procedures, the bankruptcies of a number of deep discount
laser vision correction companies and the ongoing safety and effectiveness
concerns arising from the lack of long-term follow-up data and negative news
stories focusing on patients with unfavourable outcomes from procedures
performed at competing centers. Due to the pricing pressures in the industry and
the lower procedure prices offered pursuant to discounts associated with the
Company's Corporate Advantage Program, the Company's net revenue after doctor
compensation, per procedure, for fiscal 2001 declined by 8% in comparison to
fiscal 2000.
In the final quarter of fiscal 2000 and during fiscal 2001, the Company
completed practice management agreements with a number of surgeons resulting in
an increase in intangible assets to reflect the value assigned to these
agreements. These intangible assets are being amortized over the term of the
applicable agreements. These agreements have resulted, either directly or
indirectly, in lower per procedure fees being paid to the applicable surgeons
and a corresponding reduction in doctors' compensation to offset the increased
amortization costs. The result was an increase to the net revenue after doctors'
compensation per procedure ratio.
The cost of refractive revenues from eye care centers for fiscal 2001
was $99.9 million, which was 16.8% lower than fiscal 2000 of $120.0 million.
This reduction was primarily due to reduced doctors compensation resulting from
lower procedure volumes, lower royalty fees on laser usage and lower personnel
costs.
58
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased to $67.8 million
in fiscal 2001 from $66.6 million in fiscal 2000. This reflected increased
marketing costs aimed at raising consumer awareness of TLC VISION's brand. In
addition, the increased expense was due to increased consulting costs, legal
costs and infrastructure costs incurred to support our growth strategy. These
costs were partially offset by reductions associated with Corporate Advantage
and Third Party Payer programs identified in conjunction with the Company's cost
reduction initiatives.
Interest (income)/expense and other expenses reflected interest revenue
from the Company's cash position which resulted from positive cash flow from
operations and the result of a public offering in the fourth quarter of fiscal
1999. The lack of any material additions to long-term debt and capital leases on
equipment had resulted in reducing interest costs on debt, as the various debt
instruments approach maturity. Reduced cash and cash equivalent balances during
the year combined with lower interest yields have resulted in lower interest
revenues.
The increase in depreciation expense was largely a result of new
centers and the additional depreciation and amortization associated with the
Company's acquisitions during fiscal 2000 and 2001. The significant increase in
the amortization of intangibles was the result of successfully establishing
long-term contractual relationships with a number of surgeons during the final
quarter of fiscal 2000 and during fiscal 2001. Goodwill and intangibles are
amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable agreement to
a maximum of fifteen years. Amortization periods used during fiscal 2001 range
from five to fifteen years. In establishing the long-term contractual
relationships with these key surgeons, the surgeon in many cases had agreed to
receive reduced fees for laser vision correction procedures performed. The
reduction in doctors' compensation offsets in part the increased amortization of
the intangible practice management agreements.
Restructuring and other charges (see "Note 20 - Restructuring and Other
Charges") in fiscal 2001, reflect decisions that were made to:
a) cease support of the Company's e-commerce enterprise
eyeVantage.com, Inc. ("eyeVantage"). The decision to close
activities at eyeVantage was the result of a number of factors
including:
(i) Increased difficulty by dotcom enterprises to obtain
funding due to concerns within the investment
community regarding perceived value;
(ii) eyeVantage was not able to obtain required financing
to continue operations;
(iii) eyeVantage was not able to meet expectations on the
development of its products and services;
(iv) eyeVantage had not established a revenue base
sufficient to meet operating requirements or to
attract outside investment; and
(v) The operating costs on a monthly basis were in excess
of $1.0 million and the Company did not feel there
was sufficient future value to continue to support
eyeVantage operations.
The decision to close activities resulted in a restructuring
charge of $11.7 million which reflected the estimated impact of the
write-down of goodwill of $8.7 million, loss write down of fixed assets
of $2.1 million, employee termination costs of $1.7 million
representing the termination costs of 29 employees, accounts receivable
losses of $0.4 million and $1.1 million of costs incurred in the
closing process which included legal, administrative and lease
commitment costs. These losses were offset by a gain of $2.3 million
resulting from the reduction in the purchase obligation associated with
the Optical Options, Inc. acquisition (see "Note 2- Acquisitions - 2001
Transactions - iii").
59
b) reflect potential losses from an equity investment in
secondary care activities of $1.0 million. Due to a
deteriorating relationship with the operations
management team and the Company's strategic decision
to withdraw from the management of secondary care
practices where possible, the Company transferred its
investment to an equity investment in return for a
future earnings percentage. The equity investment has
not acknowledged a liability to the Company for this
investment, and the Company had not received any
funds from the equity investment's earnings from the
transferred investment. As a result the Company
deemed it prudent to provide against the potential
loss resulting from the inability to recover value of
the investment transferred to the equity investment.
c) close three eye care centers for which the Company
recorded costs of $1.4 million, sell its ownership in
another eye care center, which created a loss of $0.3
million and incurred a cost of $0.1 million to
terminate plans to open another eye care center.
During fiscal 2001, the Company had undertaken to
restructure its operations to eliminate those
centers, which were identified as not capable of
being profitable. These centers had been impacted by
a number of challenges such as:
(i) proximity to existing centers managed by the
Company;
(ii) local marketplace heavily impacted by
discount laser vision correction providers
which impaired the ability to compete as a
premium laser vision correction provider;
(iii) expectations of optometric network to
generate sufficient interest in laser vision
correction were not met; and
(iv) the occupancy costs of a center (acquired as
part of a multi-center acquisition)
impacting the ability to lower costs in line
with revenues.
d) undertake an extensive review of its internal
structures, its marketplace, its resources and its
strategies for the future. The review resulted in the
restructuring of the Company's goals and structures
to meet its future needs. The Company utilized the
services of a national consulting firm to facilitate
this internal restructuring process, whose
participation was completed in the third quarter of
fiscal 2001 with an associated cost of $1.6 million.
e) fully provide for its $0.9 million portfolio
investment in Vision America. This investment was
deemed to be permanently impaired during fiscal 2001.
Subsequent to this decision Vision America filed for
bankruptcy and is currently in the process of
liquidating its assets. The Company will reflect any
amounts recovered from this investment if and when
the amount and timing of any amounts to be recovered
becomes determinable.
f) Accrued for, in the fourth quarter, an award from an
arbitration hearing involving TLC VISION Network
Services Inc. that was issued against the Company.
The cumulative liability arising from the award was
$2.1 million, which was fully provided for, in the
fourth quarter of fiscal 2001. Payment of this
liability was deferred until exploration of all legal
alternatives have been completed.
The following analysis identifies the allocation of costs for all the
component transactions reported as Restructuring and Other Charges and
identifies the operating impact in fiscal 2001 of those entities, which have
been restructured:
60
Summary of Restructuring and Other Charges
($ 000's) Restructuring
charges
----------------------------------------------
Terminate
Closure development
of Sale of of
EyeVantage laser laser laser
.com, Inc. centers center center
---------- --------- ------- -----------
Severances 1,712 70
Lease commitments 808 280 122
Legal and Administrative costs 296
Professional services
Patient commitments 50
Asset write-downs
Current assets 425 86
Fixed Assets 2,091 865
Intangibles 8,713 34
Investments and other assets 160
Recovery of purchase obligations (2,380)
Write off of minority interest 130
========== ========= ======= ========
Total restructuring and other charges 11,665 1,385 290 122
========== ========= ======= ========
($ 000's) Other charges
------------------------------------------------------------
Impairment Legal Potential
in Vision arbitration losses
Consulting America settlement equity re
services investment accrual Investment Total
--------- ---------- ----------- ---------- --------
Severances 1,782
Lease commitments 1,210
Legal and Administrative costs 2,100 2,396
Professional services 1,600 1,600
Patient commitments 50
Asset write-downs --
Current assets 511
Fixed Assets 2,956
Intangibles 8,747
Investments and other assets 936 977 2,073
Recovery of purchase obligations (2,380)
Write off of minority interest 130
--
========= ======== ======== ======== ========
Total restructuring and other charges 1,600 936 2,100 977 19,075
========= ======== ======== ======== ========
Impact on Fiscal 2001 earnings
Revenue 21 1,941 1,023 --
Doctor Compensation -- 372 158
-------- ------- ------- -------
Net revenues after doctor 21 1,569 865 --
compensation
Expenses:
Operating expenses 3,011 1,935 1,191
Interest and other (1) 1,739 226 22
Depreciation of assets 186 395 180
Amortization of intangibles 724 3 --
-------- ------- ------- -------
5,660 2,559 1,393 --
-------- ------- ------- -------
Loss from operations excluding
Restructuring and other charges (5,639) (990) (528) --
======== ======= ======= =======
Number of months of operations
during
fiscal 2001 (2) 5 7 11 n/a
(1) Interest expense at eyeVantage was from funding from affiliated companies,
which is eliminated in consolidated reporting.
(2) Reflects weighted average re revenue of three centers being closed
61
The $19.1 million for losses from restructuring and other charges
consisted of $4.7 million of cash payments for severance, lease costs,
consulting services and closure costs and $14.4 million of non-cash charges.
Income tax expense decreased to $2.2 million in fiscal 2001 from $3.5
million in fiscal 2000. This decrease reflected the Company's losses incurred in
fiscal 2001 while including the impact of the tax liabilities associated with
the Company's partners in profitable subsidiaries and the requirement to reflect
minimum tax liabilities relevant in Canada, United States and certain other
jurisdictions.
Revenues from Other healthcare services activities were $12.8 million
in fiscal 2001, an increase of over 16% in comparison to $11.0 million in fiscal
2000. The increase in revenues reflected revenue growth of greater then 25% in
the network marketing and management, professional healthcare facility
management and hair removal subsidiaries, while revenues in the secondary care
management and asset management subsidiaries reflected moderate growth.
Net loss from Other healthcare services was $18.6 million in fiscal
2001, an increase of over 280% in comparison to a net loss of $4.9 million in
fiscal 2000. The loss in fiscal 2001 included a restructuring charge of $11.7
million (2000 - $0) resulting from the decision made by the Company to no longer
support the activities of its e-commerce subsidiary eyeVantage.com, Inc.
Excluding the impact of the restructuring charge, eyeVantage.com, Inc.,
generated losses of $5.6 million (2000 - $3.8 million). The loss from the
remaining non-refractive activities was $1.3 million, an increase from the loss
in fiscal 2000 of $1.1 million. The increased loss in fiscal 2001 was due
primarily to increased amortization of intangibles of $0.4 million at the
Company's network marketing and management subsidiary resulting from increased
goodwill arising from the finalization of the earn-out calculations arising from
the Company's 1997 acquisition of this entity (see "Note 14 - Capital Stock - a)
Common Stock" and "Note 2 - Acquisition - 2001 Transactions - ii and 2000
Transactions v.").
The loss for fiscal 2001 was $37.8 million or $1.00 per share, compared
to a loss of $5.9 million or $0.16 cents per share for fiscal 2000. This
increased loss reflected the impact of extensive losses from the activities in
the eye care e-commerce subsidiary, restructuring and other charges, reduced
revenues, increased amortization in intangibles and the continuing investment in
staff, information systems and marketing.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
During fiscal 2002 the Company continued to focus its activities on
increasing procedure volumes and reducing costs. Cash and cash equivalents,
short-term investments and restricted cash were $52.2 million at May 31, 2002
compared to $55.7 million at May 31, 2001.
The Company's principal cash requirements include normal operating
expenses, debt repayment, and distributions to minority partners, and capital
expenditures. Normal operating expenses include
62
doctor compensation, procedure royalty fees, procedure medical supply expenses,
travel and entertainment, professional fees, insurance, rent, equipment
maintenance, wages, utilities and marketing.
During fiscal 2002, the Company incurred cash expenditures of $9.7
million, relating to the merger with LaserVision. These costs have been included
as part of the purchase price.
During fiscal 2002, the Company implemented a restructuring program to
reduce employee costs in line with current revenue levels, close certain under
performing centers and eliminate duplicate functions caused by the merger with
LaserVision. By the end of the fourth quarter, this program resulted in total
cost for severance, lease commitments, and office closures of $8.75 million, of
which $2.5 million will be paid out in cash.
The Company accrued a liability of $2.1 million resulting from an
arbitration award against the Company in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001. The
Company has deferred payment of this liability until exploration of all legal
alternatives have been completed. Under the terms of the arbitration settlement,
the Company was required to put $3.0 million in escrow, which is reported as
restricted cash, until the legal review process is completed.
The Company does not see a need to purchase additional lasers during
the next 12 to 18 months, however existing lasers may need to upgraded and the
Company has access to vendor financing at variable rates or on a per procedure
fee basis. The Company expects to continue to have access to these financing
options for at least the next 12 months.
In July 2001, two excimer laser manufacturers reported settling a class
action anti-trust case. In August of 2002 LaserVision received approximately
$8.0 million from their portion of the settlement and TLC Vision received
approximately $7.0 million.
The Company estimates that existing cash balances, together with funds
expected to be generated from operations and available credit facilities, will
be sufficient to fund the Company's anticipated level of operations and
expansion plans for the next 12 to 18 months.
CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities decreased by $17.0
million to $(2.0) million of cash used for operating activities for fiscal 2002
from $15.0 million of cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 2001. Net
cash used for operating activities of $2.0 million for fiscal 2002 primarily
represented cash used for cash earnings (defined as net loss adding back
amortization and depreciation, gain or loss on the sale of fixed assets,
non-cash reduction in carrying values and restructuring costs,
63
income tax provision and minority interest included as part of net income) of
$.9 million for fiscal 2002 as compared to $8.8 million of cash inflow for
fiscal 2001. Cash provided by a reduction in accounts receivable of $1.6 million
for fiscal 2002 as compared to a reduction of $5.2 million for fiscal 2001, cash
provided by an increase in accounts payable of $5.7 for fiscal 2002 as compared
to a reduction of $4.7 million for fiscal 2001. Cash provided by net refunds of
tax $0.7 million for fiscal 2002 as compared to cash provided by net refunds of
tax of $6.1 million for fiscal 2001 and cash provided by a decrease of prepaid
expenses and other assets net of liabilities of $0.4 million for fiscal 2002 as
compared to a decrease of $1.9 million for fiscal 2001.
CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net cash used for financing activities changed by $10.5 million for
fiscal 2002 to cash used by financing activities of $4.5 million from cash used
for financing activities of $15.0 million for fiscal 2001. Net cash used by
financing activities for fiscal 2002 primarily represents cash used for payments
of debt financing and obligations under capital leases of $7.1 million for
fiscal 2002 which was consistent with the $7.1 million for fiscal 2001. Cash
used for payments of accrued purchase obligations was nil for fiscal 2002 as
compared to payments of $3.6 million for fiscal 2001. Cash used for
distributions to non-controlling interests of $3.1 million for fiscal 2002 as
compared to $4.9 million for fiscal 2001. Cash used for an increase in the
required amount of restricted cash of $0.4 million for fiscal 2002 as compared
to a proceed of $0.1 million for fiscal 2001. Cash used for payments related to
the purchase and cancellation of capital stock of nil for fiscal 2002 as
compared to $0.5 million for fiscal 2001. Cash used in financing activity was
partially offset by cash provided by proceeds from debt financing of $5.8
million for fiscal 2002 resulting from the sales-leaseback arrangement regarding
the corporate headquarters as described below, compared to $0.2 million for
fiscal 2001, and cash provided by the issuance of common stock of $0.3 million
for 2002 as compared to $0.7 million for fiscal 2001.
The international corporate headquarters, which the Company agreed to
sell as part of a sale/leaseback transaction, Total consideration received for
the sale of the was $6.4 million of which, $5.4 million was cash and a $1.0
million 8.0% note receivable ("Note"). The Note has a seven-year term with the
first of four annual payments of $63,000 starting on the third anniversary of
the sale and a final payment of $.7 million due on the seventh anniversary of
the sale. The lease term related to the leaseback covers a period of 15 years.
For accounting purposes, due to ongoing responsibility of TLC VISION for tenant
management and administration as well as taking back the above mentioned note as
part of the consideration, no sale has been reported. For purpose of financial
reporting the cash proceeds of $5.4 million has been presented as additional
debt. Subsequent receipt of the note will result in additional debt while lease
payments will result in decreasing the debt. Until the Company meets the
accounting qualifications of recognizing the sale, the building associated with
the sale-leaseback will continue to be depreciated over its initial term of 40
years.
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net cash used for investing activities decreased by $34.1 million for
fiscal 2002 from a use of cash of $30.5 million in fiscal 2001 to cash provided
of $3.6 million in fiscal 2002. Net cash provided by investing activities for
fiscal 2002 is primarily due to the acquisition of LaserVision of $7.3 million
in connection with the acquisition of LaserVision and proceeds from the sale of
short term investments of $6.1 million. For fiscal 2001 short term investments
represented a use of cash of $6.1 million. This net increase in cash is offset
by cash used for a required
64
increase of restricted cash of $3.0 million for fiscal 2002 resulting from an
arbitration award requirement to put the cash in escrow awaiting completion of
the exploration of all legal alternatives compared to nil for fiscal 2001, cash
used for the purchase of fixed assets of $2.3 million for fiscal 2002 as
compared to $10.7 million for fiscal 2001. The Company also has a cash out-flow
for acquisitions and investments and other assets (excluding the acquisition of
LaserVision) of $5.4 million for fiscal 2002 as compared to $17.3 million for
fiscal 2001, offset by cash from the proceeds from the sale of fixed assets,
assets under capital lease and investments of $0.1 million for 2002 as compared
to $2.5 million for fiscal 2001.
OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENTS
TLC VISION made the decision during the second quarter of fiscal 2001
to cease funding the activities of its e-commerce subsidiary eyeVantage.com,
Inc. resulting in a significant write-offs and cash costs. Fiscal 2002 does not
include losses from operations similar to the $4.0 million reported for fiscal
2001 from eyeVantage.com, Inc. The Company's other investments in non-core
activities are currently largely self-sustaining with minimal requirement for
funding support. This segment includes activities in secondary care practice
management, network management and marketing, asset management, healthcare
facility management. The Company continues its efforts to maximize the value of
its investments in non-core businesses.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For a discussion on other recent pronouncements, see note 1, "Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying audited consolidated
financial statements and notes thereto.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On May 16, 2002 the Company agreed to sell the capital stock of its
Aspen Healthcare "Aspen" subsidiary to SurgiCare Inc. ("SurgiCare") for a
purchase price of $5.0 million in cash and warrants for 103,957 shares of common
stock of SurgiCare with an exercise price of $2.24 per share. The purchase price
was originally scheduled to be paid as follows: $2.5 million on the closing date
of May 30, 2002, and the remaining $2.5 million on or before August 1, 2002,
plus 85% of the cash balance on Aspen financial statements as of the closing
date. On June 14, 2002, the purchase agreement for the transaction was amended
due to the failure of SurgiCare to meet its obligations under the existing
agreement. The amendment established a new closing date of September 14, 2002,
on which the total purchase price of $5.0 million is to be paid. The amendment
also required the purchaser to pay to TLC Vision $0.8 million of cash and 38,000
shares of common stock in SurgiCare valued at $2.00 per share both of which had
been received by August 29, 2002.
65
On July 25, 2002 the Company entered into a joint venture with Vascular
Science Corporation ["Vascular Science"] for the purpose of pursuing commercial
applications of technologies owned or licensed by Vascular Science applicable to
the evaluation, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of aged related macular
degeneration. Accordingly to the terms of the agreement, the Company purchased
$3.0 million in preferred stock and has the obligation to purchase an additional
$7.0 million in preferred stock in Vascular Sciences if Vascular Science attains
certain milestones in the development and commercialization of the product. If
Vascular Science fails to achieve a milestone, TLC Vision shall have no further
obligations to purchase additional shares. The consideration for the purchase of
the $3.0 million in preferred shares included the cancellation of a $1 million
promissory owed to TLC Vision by Vascular Science which was issued in April of
2002. Since the technology is in the development stage and has not received Food
and Drug Administration approval, the Company will account for this investment
as research and development arrangement whereby cost will be expensed as
amounts are expanded by Vascular Science. Once commercialization of the product
has occurred or Food and Drug Administration approval has occurred the Company
will revaluate the accounting treatment of the investment. An aggregate of $1.0
million of the $3.0 million investment has been expensed in fiscal 2002.
On August 1, 2002 the Company acquired 55% of Rayner Surgery Center for
$7.6 million in cash and the option to purchase up to an additional 5% per year
for $0.7 million in cash each year. Rayner Surgery Center is an ambulatory
surgical care center based in Oxford, Mississippi specializing in cataract
surgeries. This acquisition will be accounted for under the purchase method of
accounting in the first quarter of 2003.
In July 2001, two excimer laser manufacturers reported settling a class
action anti-trust case. In August 2002 LaserVision received approximately $8.0
million from its portion of the settlement and TLC Vision received $7.0 million
from its portion of the settlement. The $8.0 million relating to the activities
of LaserVision represents a contingent asset acquired by the Company that has
been included in the purchase price allocation as at May 15, 2002 as an other
asset. The Company is currently investigating its legal obligations with regards
to the amount of this settlement that may need to be paid to the minority
interests in the former LaserVision subsidiaries and is awaiting further
information and analysis in this regard. However, based on its current review of
its obligations, management has included an accrual of $500,000 for its best
estimate of the liability that existed at the date of the acquisition. If the
additional information with regards to the legal obligations indicates that a
different amount should be paid, any adjustment will be recorded as an
adjustment to the purchase price allocation.
The $7.0 million relating to the activities of the Company prior to the
acquisition represents a contingent gain. Management is also investigating its
legal obligations with regards to the amount of this settlement than may need to
be paid to the minority interests or the various physicians affiliated or
associated with TLC Vision and is awaiting further information and analysis in
this regard. The difference between the $7.0 million amount and the amount to be
paid to the minority interests and physicians will be recorded as a gain in
fiscal 2003.
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
(thousands of U.S. dollars except per share amounts)
4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter
------------------- ------------------ ------------------- -------------------
2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Revenues 38,734 40,063 34,335 47,588 26,658 38,410 35,024 47,945
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Gross Profit 9,835 14,953 11,022 19,801 4,128 9,958 11,977 19,278
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net loss before cumulative effect
of accounting change (99,775) (5,000) (6,970) 428 (33,368) (28,029) (6,562) (5,172)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net loss after cumulative effect
of accounting change (114,949) (5,000) (6,970) 428 (33,368) (28,029) (6,562) (5,172)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Basic and diluted loss per common share
-- before cumulative effect of
accounting change $ (2.51) $ (0.13) $ (0.18) $ 0.01 $ (0.88) $ (0.74) $ (0.17) $ (0.14)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
-- after cumulative effect of
accounting change $ (2.90) $ (0.13) $ (0.18) $ 0.01 $ (0.88) $ (0.74) $ (0.17) $ (0.14)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
66
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is exposed to interest rate
risks and foreign currency risks, which the Company does not currently consider
to be material. These exposures primarily relate to having short-term
investments earning short-term interest rates and to having fixed rate debt. The
Company views its investment in foreign subsidiaries as long-term commitments,
and does not hedge any translation exposure.
67
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of TLC Vision
Corporation have been prepared by management in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States. The most significant of
these accounting policies has been set out in Note 1 to the financial
statements. These statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting.
Accordingly, a precise determination of many assets and liabilities is dependent
upon future events. Therefore, estimates and approximations have been made using
careful judgement. Recognizing that the Company is responsible for both the
integrity and objectivity of the financial statements, management is satisfied
that these financial statements have been prepared within reasonable limits of
materiality.
During fiscal 2002, the Board of Directors had appointed an Audit
Committee consisting of four outside directors. The committee meets during the
year to review with management and the auditors any significant accounting,
internal control and auditing matters and to review and finalize the annual
financial statements of the Company along with the independent auditors' report
prior to the submission of the financial statements to the Board of Directors
for final approval.
The financial information throughout the text of this annual report is
consistent with the information presented in the financial statements.
The Company's accounting procedures and related systems of internal
control are designed to provide reasonable assurance that its assets are
safeguarded and its financial records are reliable.
EXTERNAL AUDITORS
The auditors' opinion is based upon an independent and objective
examination of the Company's financial results for the year, conducted in
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. This examination
encompasses an understanding and evaluation by the auditors of the Company's
accounting systems as well as the obtaining of a sound understanding of the
Company's business. The external auditors conduct appropriate tests of the
Company's transactions and obtain sufficient audit evidence in order to provide
them with reasonable assurance that the financial statements are presented
fairly in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in United
States, thus enabling them to issue their report to the shareholders.
Ernst & Young LLP, Chartered Accountants, the Company's external
auditors for fiscal 2002, have examined the consolidated balance sheets of the
Company as of May 31, 2002 and 2001 and the related consolidated statements of
loss, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three
year period ended May 31, 2002 and have reported thereon in their August 15,
2002 report.
68
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Directors of TLC Vision Corporation (formerly TLC Laser Eye
Centers Inc.):
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of TLC Vision Corporation
(formerly TLC Laser Eye Centers Inc.) as at May 31, 2002 and 2001 and the
consolidated statements of loss, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of
the years in the three-year period ended May 31, 2002. Our audits also included
the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 14[A]. These
financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian and United States generally
accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform an
audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation.
In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company as at May 31, 2002 and
2001 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years
in the three-year period ended May 31, 2002 in conformity with United States
generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related
financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial
statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the
information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, during 2002 the
Company changed its method of accounting for goodwill and intangible assets with
indefinite lives.
Toronto, Canada /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
August 15, 2002. ---------------------
Chartered Accountants
69
TLC VISION CORPORATION (FORMERLY TLC LASER EYE CENTERS INC.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS
(U.S. dollars, in thousands except per share amounts)
2002 2001 2000
--------- --------- ---------
Revenues
Refractive
Owned centers $ 50,252 $ 78,470 $ 97,608
Management, facility and access fees 65,656 82,749 92,625
Other healthcare services 18,843 12,787 10,990
--------- --------- ---------
Total Revenues (Note 18) 134,751 174,006 201,223
--------- --------- ---------
Expenses
Cost of revenues
Refractive
Owned centers 38,877 55,226 68,439
Management, facility and access fees 44,860 44,684 51,549
Reduction in the carrying value of fixed assets (Note 9) 2,553 -- --
Other healthcare services 11,499 10,106 9,246
--------- --------- ---------
Total cost of revenues 97,789 110,016 129,234
--------- --------- ---------
Gross margin 36,962 63,990 71,989
--------- --------- ---------
Selling, General and administrative 52,475 67,802 66,611
Interest and other (Note 15) 761 (2,543) (4,492)
Depreciation of capital assets and assets under
capital lease (Note 14) 1,203 2,262 1,932
Amortization of intangibles (Note 15) 10,227 12,543 7,396
Impairment of intangibles (Notes 7 and 8) 81,720 -- --
Write down in the fair value of investments and long term
receivables (Note 6) 26,082 -- --
Restructuring and other charges (Note 20) 8,750 19,075 --
--------- --------- ---------
181,218 99,139 71,447
--------- --------- ---------
Income (loss) before income taxes and non-controlling interest (144,256) (35,149) 542
Income taxes (Note 16) (1,784) (2,239) (3,454)
Non-controlling interest (635) (385) (3,006)
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss for the year before the cumulative effect of
accounting change $(146,675) $ (37,773) $ (5,918)
Cumulative effect of accounting change (Note 1) (15,174) -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss for the year after the cumulative effect of
accounting change $(161,849) $ (37,773) $ (5,918)
========= ========= =========
Net loss for the year before the cumulative effect of
accounting change per share - Basic and Diluted $ (3.74) $ (1.00) $ (0.16)
========= ========= =========
Cumulative effect of accounting change per share - Basic
and Diluted $ (0.39) -- --
========= ========= =========
Net loss for the year per share after the cumulative effect of
accounting change - Basic and Diluted $ (4.13) $ (1.00) $ (0.16)
========= ========= =========
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Basic
and Diluted (in thousands)- 39,215 37,779 37,778
========= ========= =========
70
TLC VISION CORPORATION (FORMERLY TLC LASER EYE CENTERS INC.)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(U.S. dollars, in thousands)
As at May 31,
------------------------------
2002 2001
------------ ------------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Notes 3, 4 and 19) $ 45,074 $ 47,987
Short-term investments (Note 4) 2,113 6,063
Accounts receivable (Notes 5 and 19) 17,991 9,950
Prepaid expenses and sundry assets 17,006 4,501
------------ ------------
Total current assets 82,184 68,501
Restricted cash (Notes 3 and 4) 4,988 1,619
Investments and other assets (Note 6) 4,505 23,171
Goodwill (Note 7) 53,192 32,752
Practice management agreements (Note 8) 18,646 60,050
Deferred contract rights (Note 8) 13,468 --
Other intangibles (Note 8) 399 --
Fixed assets (Note 9) 60,158 44,963
Assets under capital lease (Note 10) 7,975 7,382
------------ ------------
Total assets $ 245,515 $ 238,438
============ ============
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 41,327 $ 15,028
Accrued purchase obligations (Note 2) 3,000 3,000
Accrued restructuring costs (Note 20) 4,278 718
Accrued wage costs 4,769 3,652
Accrued legal settlements (Note 17) 2,318 2,100
Income taxes payable 640 397
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 11) 6,010 3,826
Current portion of obligations under capital leases (Note 12) 3,423 2,943
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities 65,765 31,664
Long-term debt (Note 11) 12,485 7,032
Obligations under capital leases (Note 12) 2,158 1,281
Deferred rent (Note 13) 442 617
------------ ------------
Total liabilities 80,850 40,594
------------ ------------
Non-controlling interest 9,651 10,738
------------ ------------
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 17 and 20)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Capital stock: (Note 14)
Common stock, no par value; unlimited number authorized; 387,701 276,277
Treasury stock held, not yet cancelled (2,432)
Options and Warrants Equity 11,755 532
Accumulated deficit (242,010) (80,161)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss -- (9,542)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity 155,014 187,106
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 245,515 $ 238,438
============ ============
Approved on behalf of the Board:
/s/ ELIAS VAMVAKAS /s/ WARREN S. RUSTAND
Elias Vamvakas, Director Warren S. Rustand, Director
71
TLC VISION CORPORATION (FORMERLY TLC LASER EYE CENTERS INC.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(U.S. DOLLARS, IN THOUSANDS)
YEARS ENDED MAY 31,
---------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
--------- --------- ---------
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss for the year after cumulative effect of accounting change $(161,849) $ (37,773) $ (5,918)
Items not affecting cash
Depreciation and amortization 21,352 27,593 21,688
Intangible impairment - cumulative effect of accounting change 15,174 -- --
Intangible impairment 81,720 -- 489
Loss on sale of fixed assets and assets under capital lease 1,136 1,946 1,099
Deferred income taxes -- -- 1,320
Write down of fixed assets and investments 28,635 -- --
Restructuring and other costs 2,503 14,395 --
Compensation expense 866 -- --
Non-controlling interest and other 107 677 3,786
CHANGES IN NON-CASH OPERATING ITEMS
Accounts receivable 1,592 5,232 (15)
Prepaid expenses and sundry assets 417 1,891 1,047
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 5,714 (4,711) 4,153
Income taxes payable, net 782 6,051 (4,574)
Deferred rent and compensation (175) (298) (44)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities (2,026) 15,003 23,031
--------- --------- ---------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Restricted cash movement from financing activities (369) 103 8
Proceeds from debt financing 5,788 226 826
Principal payments of debt financing (4,079) (2,257) (2,635)
Payments of accrued purchase obligations -- (3,620) --
Principal payments of obligations under capital leases (3,019) (4,840) (5,063)
Contributions from non-controlling interests -- -- 2,365
Distributions to non-controlling interests (3,092) (4,865) (1,569)
Payments related to the purchase and cancellation of capital stock -- (481) (10,365)
Proceeds from issuance of capital stock 306 711 2,384
--------- --------- ---------
Cash used in financing activities (4,465) (15,023) (14,049)
--------- --------- ---------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Restricted cash movement from investing activities (3,000) -- --
Purchase of fixed assets and assets under capital lease (2,297) (10,656) (26,153)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets and assets under capital lease 89 2,491 185
Proceeds from the sale of investments and subsidiary 777 1,117 227
Acquisitions and investments (5,424) (17,345) (56,496)
Cash acquired in Laser Vision Centers, Inc. acquisition 7,319 -- --
Short-term investments 6,058 (6,063) 26,212
Other 56 (68) (24)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities 3,578 (30,524) (56,049)
--------- --------- ---------
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the year (2,913) (30,544) (47,067)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 47,987 78,531 125,598
--------- --------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 45,074 $ 47,987 $ 78,531
========= ========= =========
(Note 21 discusses non-cash transactions, which are not included in the
consolidated statements of cash flows)
72
TLC VISION CORPORATION (FORMERLY TLC LASER EYE CENTERS INC.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(U.S. DOLLARS, IN THOUSANDS)
Treasury stock
Common stock Warrants ------------------ Other
------------------- and Number of Accumulated
Number Options Treasury Accumulated Comprehensive
of Shares Amount Amount Stock Amount deficit Income (Loss) Total
(000's) $ $ (000's) $ $ $ $
------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ----------- ------------- ---------
Balance, May 31, 1999 37,362 269,454 -- -- -- (31,267) 5,936 244,123
Warrants issued 532 532
Shares issued for acquisition 302 728 728
Value determined for shares
issued contingent on meeting
earnings criteria -- 1,397 1,397
Shares purchased for cancellation (710) (5,162) (5,203) (10,365)
Exercise of stock options 87 1,314 1,314
Shares issued as remuneration 44 387 387
Shares issued as part of the employee
share purchase plan 65 1,696 1,696
Reversal of IPO costs, over accrual -- 139 139
Comprehensive loss
Net loss (5,918)
Other comprehensive loss
Unrealized gains/losses on
available for-sale securities (10,387)
Total comprehensive loss (16,305)
------- -------- -------- -------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
Balance May 31, 2000 37,150 269,953 532 -- -- (42,388) (4,451) 223,646
------- -------- -------- -------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
Shares issued for acquisition 832 6,059 6,059
Shares purchased for cancellation (108) (481) (481)
Exercise of stock options 40 125 125
Shares issued as remuneration 5 35 35
Shares issued as part of the employee
share purchase plan 112 586 586
Comprehensive loss
Net loss (37,773)
Other comprehensive loss
Unrealized gains/losses on
available for-sale securities (5,091)
Total comprehensive loss (42,864)
------- -------- -------- -------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
Balance May 31, 2001 38,031 276,277 532 -- -- (80,161) (9,542) 187,106
------- -------- -------- -------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
Shares issued on acquisition of
LaserVision 26,617 111,058 111,058
Value determined for shares
issued contingent on meeting
earnings criteria 60 60
Options issued on acquisition 11,001 11,001
Treasury stock arising from (583) (2,432) (2,432)
acquisition
Exercise of stock options 10 26 26
Options issued on termination 222 222
Shares issued as part of the employee
share purchase plan 85 280 280
Comprehensive income
Net loss for the year after the
cumulative effect of accounting change (161,849)
Other comprehensive income
Unrealized gains/losses on
available for-sale securities 9,542
Total comprehensive loss (152,307)
------- -------- -------- -------- ------- --------- -------- ---------
Balance May 31, 2002 64,743 387,701 11,755 (583) (2,432) (242,010) -- 155,014
======= ======== ======== ======== ======= ========= ======== =========
73
TLC VISION CORPORATION (FORMERLY TLC LASER EYE CENTERS INC.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. Dollars except per share amounts)
NATURE OF OPERATIONS
TLC Vision Corporation (formerly TLC Laser Eye Centers Inc.) and its
subsidiaries ("TLC Vision" or the "Company") provides eye surgery services in
four core areas. First, the Company owns and manages premium branded refractive
eye care centers throughout North America and, together with its affiliated
eye doctors, specializes in laser vision correction services to treat common
refractive vision disorders such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia
(farsightedness) and astigmatism. Laser vision correction surgery is an
out-patient procedure that is designed to change the curvature of the cornea to
reduce or eliminate a patient's reliance on eyeglasses or contact lenses.
Second, through the Company's subsidiary, Laser Vision Centers, Inc.
("LaserVision"), the Company provides refractive equipment access and services
to independent surgeons through either fixed or mobile delivery systems. Third,
the Company furnishes independent surgeons with mobile access to cataract
surgery equipment and services through Midwest Surgical Services, Inc. Finally,
the Company, through OR Partners, Inc. owns and operates ambulatory surgery
centers where independent surgeons perform a variety of surgical procedures.
On May 15, 2002, the Company merged with Laser Vision Centers, Inc.
("LaserVision"), and the results of LaserVision's operations have been included
in the consolidated financial statements since that date. LaserVision provides
access to excimer lasers, microkeratomes, other equipment and value added
support services to eye surgeons for laser vision correction and the treatment
of cataracts. (See Note 2, Acquisitions).
The Company currently owns and manages a secondary eye care business with
multiple centers in the state of Michigan. These centers provide all necessary
clinical equipment and infrastructure and provide all related management and
support services to physician practices treating a wide range of vision
disorders.
The Company faces a number of risks and uncertainties given the nature of the
industry in which it operates.
The Company's profitability is dependent upon broad acceptance in the United
States, Canada, and Europe of laser vision correction as an alternative to
existing methods of treating refractive disorders. Broad market acceptance is
dependent on many factors including cost, long-term follow-up data and the
resulting concerns relating to safety and effectiveness, future regulatory
developments and uncertainty in the marketplace caused by the recent
bankruptcies occurring in the industry.
The industry in which the Company operates is subject to extensive federal,
state and local laws, rules and regulations. Many of these laws and regulations
are ambiguous in nature and have not been definitively interpreted by courts and
regulatory authorities. Moreover, they vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Accordingly, the Company may not always be able to predict clearly how such laws
and regulations will be interpreted or applied and some of the Company's
activities could be challenged. In addition, there can be no assurance that the
regulatory environment in which the Company operates will not change
significantly in the future.
Most states in the United States prohibit the Company from practicing medicine
or employing physicians to practice medicine on the Company's behalf. Because
the Company does not practice medicine, its activities are limited to owning and
managing eye care centers and secondary care centers and affiliating
74
with health care providers to render medical services at the Company's centers.
As a result, the Company is highly dependent on its affiliated doctors.
The provision of medical services entails an inherent risk of potential
malpractice and other similar claims. Although the Company does not engage in
the practice of medicine, there can be no assurance that claims relating to
services provided at the Company's centers or by surgeons utilizing the
Company's access services will not be asserted against the Company. The Company
currently maintains malpractice insurance that it believes to be adequate both
as to risks and amounts. In addition, the surgeons providing medical services at
the Company's centers are required to maintain insurance.
The Company's revenues from managing secondary care centers are derived from
fees paid by or on behalf of patients to the practices affiliated with the
Company. The Company's profitability could be affected by government and private
third-party payers seeking to contain healthcare costs by reducing reimbursement
rates, lowering utilization rates and negotiating reduced payment schedules with
providers of vision care.
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and
its subsidiaries. The ownership interests of other parties in less than
wholly-owned subsidiaries and partnerships are presented as non-controlling
interests. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been
eliminated on consolidation.
The Company does not have an ownership interest in, nor does it exercise control
over, the physician practices under its management. Accordingly, the Company
does not consolidate physician practices.
Fixed Assets and Assets Under Capital Lease
Fixed assets and assets under capital lease are recorded at cost less
accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided at rates intended to amortize
the assets over their productive lives as follows:
Buildings - straight-line over forty years
Computer equipment and software - straight-line over three years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment - 20% diminishing balance
Laser equipment - 20% diminishing balance
Leasehold improvements - straight-line over the initial term of the lease
Medical equipment - 20% diminishing balance
Vehicles and other - 30% diminishing balance
Goodwill
Effective June 1, 2001, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," ("SFAS No. 142")
which requires that goodwill not be amortized but instead be tested for
impairment at least annually and more frequently if circumstances indicate
possible impairment.
75
Upon adoption of SFAS No. 142, the Company determined that there was an
impairment of goodwill of $15.2 million at June 1, 2001 related to its reporting
units due to the change in methodology of calculating impairment under SFAS No.
142. This amount was recorded as a cumulative effect of accounting change in the
income statement in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002.
Upon adoption of SFAS No. 142, the Company determined that it has no intangible
assets of indefinite life.
Intangibles
Intangible assets consist primarily of practice management agreements ("PMAs")
and deferred contract rights. PMA's represent the cost of obtaining the
exclusive right to manage eye care centers and secondary care centers in
affiliation with the related physician group during the term of the respective
agreements. Deferred contract rights represent the value of contracts with
affiliated doctors to provide basic access and service. PMA's and deferred
contract rights are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of
the related contract.
Long-lived Assets
SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for
Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of" establishes accounting standards for the
impairment of long-lived assets. For fixed assets and intangible assets (PMAs,
deferred contract rights and other intangibles), the Company assesses the
recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be
recovered through projected undiscounted cash flows. If the sum of the expected
future cash flows, undiscounted and without interest charges, is less than net
book value, the excess of the net book value over the estimated fair value is
charged to operations in the period in which such impairment is determined.
Revenues
Revenue pertaining to Company owned laser centers represents the amount charged
to patients at a standard rate for a laser vision correction procedure, net of
discounts, contractual adjustments and amounts collected as an agent of
co-managing doctors. Revenue pertaining to access service represents the amount
charged to the customer based on use. Revenue is recognized when the procedure
is performed.
Contractual adjustments arise due to the terms of certain reimbursement and
managed care contracts. Such adjustments represent the difference between the
charges at established rates and estimated recoverable amounts and are
recognized in the period services are rendered. Any differences between
estimated contractual adjustments and actual final settlements under
reimbursement contracts are recognized as contractual adjustments in the period
final settlements are determined.
Revenues pertaining to Company managed laser centers represent management fee
revenue arising from PMAs with professional corporations that provide laser
vision correction procedures and are responsible for billing the patient
directly ("PCs"). Under the terms of the practice management agreements, the
Company provides management, marketing and administrative services to the PCs in
return for a per procedure management fee. Although TLC Vision is entitled to
76
receive the full per procedure management fee, the Company has made it a
business practice to reduce the management fee for a portion of any discount or
contractual allowance related to the underlying procedure. Net revenue is
recognized when the PC performs the procedure.
Approximately 14% of the Company's net revenue is from the Company's other
healthcare services which includes management fee revenue from cataract and
secondary care practices, network marketing and management, asset management
fees, and fees for professional healthcare facility management. Revenues from
all sources are recognized as the service or treatment is provided.
77
Cost of Revenues
The Company incurs costs associated with providing laser correction services and
reports them as cost of revenues. Included in this grouping are the laser fees
payable to laser manufacturers for royalties, use and maintenance of the lasers,
variable expenses for consumables, financing costs, facility fees as well as
center costs associated with personnel, facilities amortization and impairment
of center assets.
In Company owned centers, the Company is responsible for engaging and paying the
surgeons who provide laser vision correction services and the amounts paid to
the surgeons are also reported as a cost of revenue.
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between
the income tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for
financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation
allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than
not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid short-term investments with
original maturities of 90 days or less. Cash equivalents are classified as
held-to-maturity securities and are carried at amortized cost.
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments, which consist of a corporate bond and a bank certificate
of deposit, are classified as held-to-maturity securities and are carried at
amortized cost.
Accounting for Stock-based Compensation
Under the provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock Compensation" ("SFAS
123"), companies can either measure the compensation cost of equity instruments
issued under employee compensation plans using a fair value based method or can
continue to recognize compensation cost using the intrinsic value method under
the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion ("APB") NO. 25,
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" (APB 25). However, if the provisions
of APB 25 are applied, pro forma disclosure of net income (loss) and earnings
(loss) per share must be presented in the financial statements as if the fair
value method had been applied. For all periods presented, the company recognized
compensation costs under the provisions of APB 25 and has provided the pro forma
disclosure required by SFAS 123.
Marketing Costs
The Company expenses marketing costs as incurred. Marketing expense for the year
ended May 31, 2002 was approximately $15.2 million (2001 - $25.6 million).
Marketing expenses consist primarily of print,
78
radio and television media costs plus the associated production costs required
to create the marketing product.
Foreign Exchange
The unit of measure of the parent holding company and the Canadian operations is
the U.S. dollar. The Company's Canadian operations are translated into U.S.
dollars using the temporal method. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of
the Company's Canadian operations are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange
rates prevailing at the consolidated balance sheet date for monetary items and
at exchange rates prevailing at the transaction dates for non-monetary items.
Revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates
prevailing during the year with the exception of depreciation and amortization,
which are translated at historical exchange rates. Exchange gains and losses
included in net loss are not material in any year presented.
Net Loss Per Share
The net loss per share was computed using the "Weighted average number of common
shares outstanding" during each year. The calculations exclude the dilutive
effect of stock options and warrants since their inclusion in such calculation
would have been antidilutive. Average shares outstanding during fiscal 2002 were
reduced by 32,000 shares to exclude the weighted average effect of 712,500
outstanding shares in escrow related to a previous LaserVision acquisition.
Contingent Consideration
Where the Company has entered into agreements with physicians that allow for
contingent consideration based on the physician being able to achieve certain
pre-defined targets, an analysis is made to determine whether the contingent
consideration will be reflected as an additional purchase price obligation or
deemed to be a compensation expense. The accounting treatment if the
consideration is deemed to be an additional purchase price payment is to
increase the value assigned to PMA's and deferred contract rights and amortize
this additional amount over the applicable period as determined by the relevant
agreement. Where the contingent consideration is deemed to be compensation the
expense is reflected as an operating expense in the periods that services
rendered.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during
the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These
estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, they
are reported in income in the period in which they become known.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities", SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities"--Deferral of the Effective Date
of FASB Statement No. 133" and SFAS No. 138. "Accounting for certain Derivative
Instruments and certain Hedging activities and amendment of FASB No. 133". The
Company adopted these standards in fiscal 2002, which had no material impact on
the fiscal 2002 financial statements.
79
Recent Pronouncements
In August 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued
SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations" ("SFAS 143"), which
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
June 15, 2002. SFAS 143 addresses the recognition and remeasurement of
obligations associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset. The
Company has not yet determined the effect that the adoption of SFAS 143 will
have on the business, results of operations, and financial condition of TLC
Vision.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or
Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS 144"), which addresses financial
accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.
SFAS 144 applies to all long-lived assets, including discontinued operations.
This Statement supersedes SFAS 121, and the accounting and reporting provisions
of APB No. 30, "Reporting the Results of Operations - Reporting the Effects of
Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently
Occurring Events and Transactions", for the disposal of a segment of a business.
The provisions of SFAS 144 are required to be adopted for fiscal years starting
on or after January 1, 2002. The Company has not yet determined the effect that
the adoption of SFAS 144 will have on the business, results of operations, and
financial condition of TLC Vision.
In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated
with Exit or Disposal Activities ("SFAS 146"), which is effective for exit or
disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. SFAS 146 nullifies
Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, Liability Recognition for Certain
Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including
Certain Costs Incurred in Restructuring) ("EITF 94-3"). SFAS 146 requires that
costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the
liability is incurred, whereas EITF 94-3 required recognition of a liability
when an entity committed to an exit plan. The Company has not yet determined the
effect that the adoption of SFAS 146 will have on the business, results of
operations, and financial condition of TLC Vision.
2. ACQUISITIONS
2002 Transactions
Laser Vision Centers, Inc.
On August 27, 2001, the Company announced that it had entered into an Agreement
and Plan of Merger ("Merger Agreement") with LaserVision. On May 15, 2002,
stockholder and regulatory approvals had been obtained and the Company completed
the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding common shares of LaserVision. The
merger was effected as an all-stock combination at a fixed exchange rate of 0.95
of a common share of the Company for each issued and outstanding share of
LaserVision common stock, which resulted in the issuance of 26.6 million common
shares of the Company's common stock. The stock consideration was valued using
the average trading price of a TLC Vision share for the two days prior and
subsequent to the announcement date. In addition, the Company assumed all the
options or warrants to acquire stock of Lasers Vision outstanding at May 15,
2002 and converted these to approximately 8.0 million options to purchase common
shares of the Company. (See Note 14, Stockholders' Equity and Options.)
The Company used the purchase method of accounting to give effect to the
acquisition and combination of the Company and LaserVision. The total purchase
price of the acquisition was 130.6 million consisting of $111.0 million of TLC
Vision shares issued to LaserVision shareholders, $9.8 million of
80
costs incurred related to the merger(which include $2.9 million in severance
costs relating to a former LaserVision executive). $1.2 million in LaserVision
shares already owned by TLC Vision), and $11.0 million representing the fair
value TLC Vision options to purchase common shares in exchange for all the
outstanding LaserVision options and warrants as of the effective date of the
acquisition. Net assets acquired were $130.7 million, which included $86.6
million of goodwill and $14.1 million of other intangible assets. Of the $86.6
million of goodwill, $65.2 million was assigned to the refraction segment and
$21.4 million was assigned to the cataract surgery segment. The entire $86.6
million of goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.
In July 2001, two excimer laser manufacturers reported settling class action
anti-trust cases. In August of 2002 LaserVision received approximately $8.0
million from their portion of the settlement. The $8.0 million relating to the
activities of LaserVision represents a contingent asset acquired by TLC Vision
that has been included in the purchase price allocation as at May 15, 2002 as an
other asset. The Company is currently investigating its legal obligations with
regards to the amount of this settlement that may need to be paid to the
minority interests in the former LaserVision subsidiaries and is awaiting
further information and analysis in this regard. However, based on its current
review of its obligations, management has included an accrual of $.5 million for
its best estimate of the liability that existed at the date of acquisition (See
Note 23, Subsequent Events).
If additional information with regard to the legal obligations
indicates a different amount should be paid, any adjustments will be recorded as
an adjustment to the purchase price allocation.
81
The Company, with the assistance of a third party evaluator, determined
the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on May
15, 2002.
Current assets (includes cash of $7,319) $32,710
Fixed assets and assets under capital lease 30,697
Deposits and other non-current assets 462
Intangible assets subject to amortization
Deferred contract rights (6.2 year weighted average useful life) 13,658
Trade name and service marks (20 year weighted average useful life) 400 14,058
----------- ----------
Goodwill
Refractive 65,184
Other 21,440 86,624
----------- ----------
Total Assets acquired 164,551
==========
Current liabilities 28,374
Long-term debt 2,916
Capitalized lease obligation 1,603
Non-controlling interest 1,008
----------
Total Liabilities assumed 33,901
----------
Net Assets acquired 130,650
==========
Funded by:
Issuance of common shares 111,058
Less: TLC Vision ownership of 613,500 shares of LaserVision common stock (2,432)
----------
108,626
Option considerations 11,011
TLC Vision investment in LaserVision 1,211
Acquisition costs 9,792
----------
130,650
==========
82
Under SFAS 141, the Company is required to disclose pro forma information
relating to its acquisition of LaserVision.
If the merger agreement with LaserVision had been completed on June 1, 2000, the
unaudited pro forma effects on the consolidated statements of loss for the
fiscal years ended May 31, 2002 and 2001 would have been to increase revenues by
$99.7 million and $122.7 million respectively, and to increase the net loss for
the year, before and after the cumulative effect of an accounting change, by
$27.9 million and a decrease in the net loss of $3.8 million respectfully. As a
result, the impact of the above changes to net loss, combined with the dilutive
effect by the increased number of shares, the loss per share for the fiscal
years ended May 31, 2002 and 2001 would have been reduced by $1.02 and $0.45 per
share respectfully. Impacting the proforma results for the year ended May 31,
2002 are the following items:
A. Gain of $7.5 million (See Note 23, Subsequent Events) has been
included representing amounts accrued for the settlement of a
class action anti-trust case involving two laser
manufacturers.
B. Expenses of $6.3 million relating to the pending merger with
the Company
C. Impairment charges of:
i) $20.6 million relating to goodwill;
ii) $4.7 million relating to deferred contract rights;
and
iii) $1.8 million relating to asset impairments
The above unaudited pro forma information is presented for information purposes
only and may not be indicative of the results of operations as they would have
been if the merger had occurred on June 1, 2000, nor is it necessarily
indicative of the results of operations which may occur in the future.
Anticipated efficiencies from the combination have been excluded from the
amounts included in the pro forma information.
Other Acquisition Related Activities
In fiscal 2002, the Company advanced $1.0 million to Tracey
Technologies, LLC to support the development of laser scanning technology.
83
This advance will be used to further develop this technology and accordingly was
accounted for as research and development costs and was expensed in fiscal 2002.
Additionally, the Company advanced $1.0 million in return for a two-year
subordinated convertible promissory note bearing interest at 10% to Occulogix
Corporation ("Occulogix") for the purposes of pursuing commercial application of
technology applicable to the evaluation, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of
aged related macular degeneration. Subsequent to the year end, the Company
entered into a joint venture with Vascular Science Corporation (see Note 23 -
Subsequent events), a company related to Occulogix and the Company has invested
a further $2.0 million subsequent to year end. The $1.0 million advanced in
fiscal 2002 has been accounted for as research and development costs and has
been expensed in fiscal 2002.
2001 Transactions
The following acquisitions have been accounted for by the purchase
method and the results of operations have been consolidated from the respective
purchase dates:
On August 21, 2000, the Company purchased 100% of the membership
interests in Eye Care Management Associates, LLC ("Eye Care Mgmt. Assoc., LLC")
in exchange for $4.0 million in cash, 295,165 common shares of the Company with
a value of $1.9 million and amounts contingent upon future events. Contingent
amounts are determined based on fees received by the Company pursuant to the
Membership Purchase Agreement. Contingent amounts have been deemed to be
compensation of the physicians associated with Eye Care Mgmt. Assoc., LLC. In
fiscal 2001 and 2002 no expense for contingent amounts have been reflected as
the applicable pre-determined targets had not been achieved.
During fiscal 2001, an additional 536,764 common shares of the Company,
valued at $4.2 million, were issued to the sellers of The Vision Source, Inc. to
reflect the final payment of contingent consideration which was determined to be
payable during fiscal 2000 and which had been accrued for at May 31, 2000.
During fiscal 2001, eyeVantage.com, Inc., an 83% owned subsidiary of
the Company, paid $3.0 million to fully satisfy an outstanding note payable
which arose from the fiscal 2000 transaction in which eyeVantage.com, Inc.
acquired the operating assets and liabilities of Optical Options, Inc., in
exchange for shares of eyeVantage.com, Inc. with a value of $6.0 million, which
were to be issued in connection with a proposed public offering of
eyeVantage.com, Inc. shares. Since the public offering was not completed, the
Company was required to issue two notes in favor of the sellers for $3.0 million
each, the first of which was satisfied in fiscal 2001 and the second of which
was disputed. During fiscal 2001, the Company accepted a proposal to reduce the
purchase obligation on the second note from $3.0 million to then $0.6 million
which was paid in fiscal 2001.
During fiscal 2001, eyeVantage.com, Inc., did not make the initial
installment on a $3.0 million obligation which arose from the 2000 transaction
in which eyeVantage.com, Inc. acquired the operating assets and liabilities of
Eye Care Consultants, Inc. in exchange for a commitment to issue shares of Eye
Vantage for shares of eyeVantage.com, Inc. with a value of $3.0 million which
were to be issued in connection with a proposed public offering of
eyeVantage.com, Inc. shares. Since the public offering was not completed, the
Company was required to make eight equal quarterly installments equaling $3.0
million, the first of which was due on June 30, 2000. The June 30th payment was
not made and future installments are currently under dispute.
On March 2, 2001, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities
of a Maryland Professional Corporation ("Maryland PC") for $10.0 million in cash
and notes payable of a further $10.0 million to be paid in four equal
instalments of $2.5 million on the first four anniversary dates of the
transaction. These notes payable do not carry an interest rate and as such have
been discounted at a rate of 9% with the resulting $8.1 million being reported
as long-term debt for financial reporting purposes. The first instalment was
paid in 2002.
84
The total consideration on acquisitions was allocated to net assets acquired on
the basis of their fair values as follows:
Eye Care
Maryland Mgmt.
PC Assoc., LLC Other Total
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Current assets (including cash of $0) $ 50 $ -- $ 501 $ 551
Fixed assets 150 -- -- 150
Goodwill -- -- 77 77
Practice management agreements 18,149 5,964 1,440 25,553
Non-controlling interest -- -- (1,314) (1,314)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
$ 18,349 $ 5,964 $ 704 $ 25,017
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Funded by:
Issuance of common shares $ -- $ 1,860 -- $ 1,860
Contribution of cash 10,000 4,000 587 14,587
Notes payable 8,099 -- -- 8,099
Common shares to be issued -- -- -- --
Acquisition costs 250 104 117 471
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
$ 18,349 $ 5,964 $ 704 $ 25,017
============ ============ ============ ============
2000 Transactions
The following acquisitions have been accounted for by the purchase method and
the results of operations have been consolidated from the respective purchase
dates:
On June 30, 1999, the Company made a capital contribution of $1.0 million
representing a 50.1% interest in TLC USA LLC, the operating company, for
activities of a strategic alliance with a subsidiary of Kaiser Permanente with
the intention to initially own and operate three eye care centers in California
and to eventually develop additional centers in markets in the United States
where Kaiser Permanente has a significant presence.
On July 8, 1999, the Company acquired 50.1% of the operating assets and
liabilities of Laser Eye Care of California, LLC with an investment of $11.2
million in cash and certain operating assets and liabilities of the Company's
two California eye care centers. Additional amounts were payable contingent upon
achieving certain levels of profit. At December 31, 1999, at the completion of
the earn-out period, the required levels of profit were met and an additional
payment of $6.0 million was made to complete the transaction.
On August 18, 1999, the Company acquired the laser vision correction assets of
Laser Vision Consultants of Albany, P.L.L.C. in exchange for $1.0 million cash
and 30,000 common shares with a value of $0.7 million.
On December 17, 1999, eyeVantage.com, Inc., acquired the operating assets and
liabilities of Eye Care Consultants, Inc. in exchange for $0.7 million in cash,
the assumption of $0.3 million of liabilities and a commitment to issue shares
with a value of $3.0 million in eyeVantage.com, Inc. in the course of a public
offering of eyeVantage.com, Inc. shares. The value of $3.0 million of shares was
converted to non-interest bearing payable as a result of the public offering not
being completed within the guidelines set by the acquisition agreement. (See
"Acquisitions")
On December 31, 1999, the earn-out period relating to the 1997 acquisition of
100% of The Vision Source, Inc. was completed. 210,902 shares of the Company
with a value of $1.4 million as determined by the acquisition agreement were
released from escrow to the sellers of The Vision Source, Inc.
85
On January 11, 2000, eyeVantage.com, Inc., an 83% subsidiary of the Company,
acquired the operating assets and liabilities of Optical Options, Inc. in
exchange for shares with a value of $6.0 million in eyeVantage.com, Inc. in the
course of a public offering of eyeVantage.com, Inc. shares. Since the public
offering was not completed within the guidelines set by the acquisition
agreement, the Company was required to issue two notes payable to the sellers
for $3.0 million each. During 2001, these amounts were renegotiated (See "2.
Acquisitions - 2001 Acquisitions - iii.").
On February 15, 2000, the Company acquired the membership interests of New
Jersey Practice Management LLC for $2.8 million in cash and amounts contingent
upon future events. $0.6 million was being held in escrow for a period of one
year subject to an adjustment of the purchase price determined by completion of
the earn-out period and calculation of a contingent amount. In fiscal 2002,
approximately $0.3 million in cash was paid in settlement of this obligation,
relinquishing the Company from any further commitments. On March 31, 2000, the
Company acquired certain assets of a physician's practice located in the state
of New York ("New York Practice") in exchange for $11.9 million in cash and
common shares with a value of up to $3.0 million contingent upon future events.
Contingent amounts are determined based on fees received by the Company pursuant
to an Administrative Services Agreement. In fiscal 2001, contingent amounts of
$0.3 million have been reported as operating expenses, based on pre-determined
targets being achieved pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, and
are payable at a future date.
On May 8, 2000, the Company acquired an 80% membership interest in Laser Eye
Care of Torrance, LLC in exchange for $3.2 million in cash through Laser Eye
Care of California, LLC, a 50.1% subsidiary of the Company.
86
The total consideration on acquisitions was allocated to net assets acquired on
the basis of their fair values as follows:
Laser Eye
Care of New York
California Practice Other Total
---------- -------- -------- --------
Current assets (including cash of $1,137) $ 153 $ -- $ 1,102 $ 1,255
Fixed assets 284 -- 564 848
Assets under lease 1,807 -- -- 1,807
Goodwill -- -- 15,588 15,588
Practice management agreements 16,852 12,006 7,802 36,660
Current liabilities (146) -- (913) (1,059)
Long-term debt -- -- (280) (280)
Obligations under capital leases (1,607) -- -- (1,607)
Non-controlling interest (868) -- (1,078) (1,946)
-------- -------- -------- --------
$ 16,475 $ 12,006 $ 22,785 $ 51,266
-------- -------- -------- --------
Funded by:
Issuance of common shares $ -- $ -- $ 2,125 $ 2,125
Contribution of cash 16,000 11,860 7,445 35,305
Notes payable -- -- 9,000 9,000
Common shares to be issued -- -- 4,056 4,056
Acquisition costs 475 146 159 780
-------- -------- -------- --------
$ 16,475 $ 12,006 $ 22,785 $ 51,266
======== ======== ======== ========
3. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
2002 2001
------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents $45,074 $47,987
======= =======
The Company has a banking facility of approximately $3.9 million (2001 - $0.7
million) available for posting letters of guarantee, under terms whereby the
Company must maintain a similar minimum amount in its bank account as a
collateral deposit. As of May 31, 2002, $3.4 million (2001 - $0.5 million) of
this facility has been utilized. Excluded from cash and cash equivalents are
collateral deposits of $3.9 million (2001 - $0.7 million).
87
4. MARKETABLE SECURITIES
The Company's marketable securities by type of security, contractual maturity
and classification in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
2002 2001
------- -------
Type of security
U.S. dollar corporate debt $ 1,027 $17,220
U.S. dollar fixed deposit 33,073 29,421
Cdn. dollar fixed deposit 4,053 689
------- -------
$38,153 $47,330
======= =======
Contractual maturity
Maturing in one year or less $38,153 $45,711
Maturing after one year through three years -- 1,619
------- -------
$38,153 $47,330
======= =======
Classification in the consolidated balance sheets
Cash equivalents $31,052 $39,648
Short-term investments 2,113 6,063
Restricted cash 4,988 1,619
------- -------
$38,153 $47,330
======= =======
5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
2002 2001
------- -------
Refractive
Due from physician owned companies and
physicians $11,535 $ 5,225
Due from patients /third parties 197 557
Non-refractive 5,540 2,230
Other 719 1,938
------- -------
$17,991 $ 9,950
======= =======
Non-refractive accounts receivable primarily represent amounts due from a
professional corporation for secondary care management services, amounts due
from healthcare facilities for professional healthcare facility management fees
and outstanding fees for network marketing and management services.
Other accounts receivable include interest receivable, insurance premium
refunds, technical fees receivable, amounts due from transfer agent, amounts
receivable from sale of lasers and other receivables not directly applicable to
the provision of laser vision correction services at TLC Vision owned or managed
centers.
88
6. INVESTMENTS AND OTHER ASSETS
2002 2001
------- -------
Portfolio investments $ 3,238 $17,649
Long-term receivables 370 4,153
Other 897 1,369
------- -------
4,505 23,171
======= =======
(i)
Portfolio investments consist of investments in companies where the Company does
not exercise significant influence. As at May 31, 2001 the carrying value of
these investments had been reduced by $9.5 million reflecting the reduced market
value of these investments that were considered available for sale at that date.
As these declines in market value were considered temporary, this reduction was
reflected as a component of comprehensive income (loss) and was included as a
separate component of shareholders' equity as at May 31, 2001. During fiscal
2002, as a result of continued declines in market value, the Company considered
these investments to be impaired on an other than temporary basis, and as a
result reduced the carrying value by a further $13.2 million and recorded a
charge to income in fiscal 2002 of $22.7 million. The majority of this
writedown, approximately $20.1 million, relates to the Company's investment in
LaserSight Incorporated, a publicly traded United States manufacturer of excimer
lasers, microkeratomes and microkeratome blades with limited approval for its
excimer laser.
Included in portfolio investments as at May 31, 2001, was an investment in
LaserVision common shares with a carrying value of $3.0 million which were
acquired in anticipation of the merger which was completed during fiscal 2002.
During 2002, the decline in the value of these shares of $1.8 million prior to
the completion of the merger, was included as a component of the charge to
income as described above. The carrying value and fair value of these shares of
$1.2 million on May 15, 2002 was included as a component of the cost of the
acquisition (see Note 2, Acquisition).
(ii)
Long-term receivables consist of advances to service providers and other
companies. The Company had advanced total funding of $2.3 million at May 31,
2002 (2001-$2.3 million) to a secondary care service provider of which the
Company owns approximately 25% of the outstanding common shares. The advanced
funds bear interest at a rate of 8% and are due in fiscal 2005. At May 31, 2002,
the carrying value of the advanced funds has been reduced by $0.2 million (2001
- - $0.2 million), representing the Company's proportionate share of this
secondary care service provider's losses in excess of the Company's original
investment which has been included as an equity loss and recorded as a component
of general and administrative expenses. Additionally,
89
the Company feels that the ability of this secondary care service provider to
repay this note is in doubt and therefore has recorded an additional provision
during 2002 of $2.0 million representing 86.7% of the outstanding note. The
remaining balance of $0.3 million reflects the approximate amount due over the
next 12 months. The Company does not provide management services to this entity.
In fiscal 2000, the Company leased laser equipment to a refractive care service
provider, in which one of the Company's minority interest partners is a
significant shareholder, as part of a long-term laser lease arrangements for
approximately $0.8 million. In fiscal 2002, the refractive care service provider
returned the equipment to the Company due to its inability to pay the lease
payments. Ownership of the lasers has been returned to the Company. These lasers
were subsequently written down to $75,000 each (see Note 9, Fixed Assets).
During fiscal 2000, the Company advanced $1.0 million to this same party in
exchange for a convertible subordinated term note bearing interest at the
current LIBOR rate and maturing on July 1, 2002. The note is convertible into
37,500 membership units which represents approximately 38% of the company. The
Company does not provide management services to this entity. The Company wrote
off the full amount of the lease payments receivable. The Company feels that the
ability of this refractive service provider to repay the note is also in doubt
and therefore has recorded a provision during fiscal 2002 for the full amount of
the note of $1.0 million.
As at May 31, 2002, the Company is owed amounts of approximately $0.3 million in
connection with investments and relationships with unrelated doctors groups. A
portion of these receivables are past due and the remainder is due over the next
10 months. These amounts bear interest at rates ranging from prime to 8.75%. As
a result of the non-payment of instalments that were due on these amounts during
2002, the collectibility of these amounts is in doubt and management has
established an allowance for doubtful accounts for these amounts during fiscal
2002.
(iii)
In fiscal 2001, the Company incurred costs of $0.8 million in connection with
the pending purchase of LaserVision. On May 15, 2002, this amount was included
in the purchase price of LaserVision (see Note 2, Acquisitions).
Other long-term assets include investments in companies where the Company can
exercise significant influence over the companies. These investments are
recorded using the equity method of accounting. Also included in other assets
are long-term deposits.
A summary of writedowns of investments and other assets during fiscal 2002, is
as follows:
Writedown of portfolio investments $22,731
Writedown of long-term receivables 3,351
Total $26,082
=======
92
7. GOODWILL
Effective June 1, 2001, the Company early adopted SFAS No. 142,
Goodwill and Intangible Assets ("SFAS 142"). Under SFAS 142, goodwill and
intangible assets of indefinite life are no longer amortized but are subject to
an annual impairment review (or more frequently if deemed appropriate). On
adoption, the Company determined that it has no intangible assets of indefinite
life.
The Company's net goodwill amount by reported segment, with their respective
impairment charges are as follow:
2002 2001
------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Refractive Other Total Refractive Other Total
---------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- --------
Goodwill, opening net of
amortization of $10,389 (2001
$ 7,709) 23,691 9,061 32,752 $ 25,945 $ 19,366 $ 45,311
Additions on acquisition of LaserVision 65,184 21,440 86,624 -- -- --
Additions in the year -- -- -- 97 20 117
Amortization during the year -- -- -- (2,351) (1,433) (3,784)
Adjustments during the year -- (330) (330) -- (8,892) (8,892)
Impairment reported - transitional (i) (14,668) (506) (15,174) -- -- --
Impairment reported - operational (ii) (38,665) (12,015) (50,680) -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Goodwill net of impairment charges $ 35,542 $ 17,650 $ 53,192 $ 23,691 $ 9,061 $ 32,752
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
(i) The Company completed a transitional impairment test to identify if there
was potential impairment to the goodwill as at June 1, 2001. To determine the
amount of the impairment at June 1, 2001 the Company utilized the assistance
of an independent outside appraiser who used a fair value methodology based on
budget information to generate representative values of the future cash flows
attributable to each reporting unit. This differs from the undiscounted cash
flow methodology utilized by the Company to assess recoverability of goodwill in
prior years. The Company determined the impairment in goodwill that existed at
June 1, 2001, was $15.2 million which has been charged the income in fiscal 2002
as a charge to income as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting
principle.
(ii)The Company has selected May 31 as the date it will perform its annual
impairment test, and has determined that there was a further impairment of
goodwill during 2002 of $50.7 million which has been recorded as a charge to
income during the year. This charge is comprised of $45.9 million which relates
to the goodwill attributable to reporting units acquired in the LaserVision
acquisition and $4.8 million relating to goodwill attributable to reporting
units acquired in prior years.
93
A reconciliation of net income as if SFAS 142 has been adopted at the beginning
of the fiscal year is presented below for the year ended May 31, 2002 and 2001.
Year ended May 31
----------------------------
2002 2001
----------- -----------
Reported net loss for the year $ (146,675) $ (37,773)
Add back goodwill amortization -- 3,784
Adjusted net loss for the year $ (146,675) $ (33,989)
Basic loss per share:
Reported net loss for the year $ (3.74) $ (1.00)
Goodwill amortization -- 0.10
Adjusted net loss for the year $ (3.74) $ (0.90)
Fully diluted loss per share:
Reported net loss for the year $ (3.74) $ (1.00)
Goodwill amortization -- 0.10
Adjusted net loss for the year $ (3.74) $ (0.90)
8. PRACTICE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS, DEFERRED CONTRACT RIGHTS AND OTHER
INTANGIBLES
The Company's net intangible assets, consists of PMAs, deferred
contract rights and other intangibles and are net of amortization
and any related impairment charges are as follows.
2002 2001
------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Refractive Other Total Refractive Other Total
---------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- --------
Practice management agreements
(net of amortization of
$14,528,000 (2001 - $5,969,000)) $ 55,550 $ 4,500 $ 60,050 $ 39,100 $ 4,886 $ 43,986
Additions in the year -- 6 6 24,823 -- 24,823
Amortization in the year (9,760) (398) (10,158) (8,393) (386) (8,759)
Terminated during the year (212) -- (212) -- -- --
Impairment reported (31,040) -- (31,040) -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Practice management agreements net
of impairment charges and
amortization 14,538 4,108 18,646 55,550 4,500 60,050
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Deferred contract rights (net of
amortization of $190 (2001 - nil)) -- -- -- -- -- --
Additions in acquisition of Laser
Vision 9,818 3,840 13,658 -- -- --
Amortization in the year (190) -- (190) -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Deferred contract rights 9,628 3,840 13,468 -- -- --
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Other intangibles (net of
amortization of $1 (2001 - nil)) -- -- -- -- -- --
Additions in acquisition of Laser
Vision 400 -- 400 -- -- --
Amortization in the year (1) -- (1) -- -- --
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Other intangibles 399 -- 399 -- -- --
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Intangible assets, net $ 24,565 $ 7,948 $ 32,513 $ 55,550 $ 4,500 $ 60,050
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Included in the cost of revenue is $0.1 million in amortization of
intangible assets.
94
During the fiscal year, the Company acquired LaserVision which
included intangible assets with regards to deferred contract rights of
$13.7 million and other intangible assets of $0.4 million.
Intangible assets arising from PMAs were reviewed for impairment using
an undiscounted cash flow methodology based on budgets prepared for
future periods. The refractive industry has experienced reduced
procedure volumes over the last two years as a result of increased
competition, customer confusion, and a weakening in the North American
economy. This reduction in procedures has occurred at practices the
Company has purchased and as a result revenues are lower than
anticipated when initial purchases prices and resulting intangible
values were determined. The result of an initial review indicated that
on an undiscounted basis all of the refractive PMAs were impaired and a
further fair value analysis based on the present value of future cash
flows were completed to determine the extent of the impairment. This
further review resulted in an impairment charge of $31.0 million which
was reported in operating loss for the year ended May 31, 2002.
The weighted average amortization period for PMAs is 9.3, deferred
contract rights is 6.2 years, and other intangibles is 20 years.
The approximate estimated aggregate amortization expense for the next
five years is as follow:
Year ended May 31, $
- ------------------ ------
2003 6,500
2004 6,500
2005 4,100
2006 3,900
2007 3,900
Thereafter in total 7,600
95
9. FIXED ASSETS
2002 2001
----------------------- -----------------------
Accumulated Accumulated
Cost Depreciation Cost Depreciation
-------- ------------ -------- ------------
Land and buildings $ 9,297 $ 932 $ 10,647 $ 750
Computer equipment and software 14,109 12,014 13,492 10,929
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 10,270 4,787 7,781 3,933
Laser equipment 28,456 8,718 13,380 6,001
Leasehold improvements 23,252 15,484 25,637 12,942
Medical equipment 19,764 7,639 14,924 6,807
Vehicles and other 4,814 230 828 364
-------- -------- -------- --------
109,962 $ 49,804 86,689 $ 41,726
Less accumulated depreciation 49,804 41,726
-------- --------
Net book value $ 60,158 $ 44,963
======== ========
Certain fixed assets are pledged as collateral for certain long-term
debt, and capital lease liabilities.
The Company has recorded a reduction in the carrying value of capital
assets of $2.6 million, within the refractive segment, reflecting a write down
of certain of the Company's lasers produced by VISX to a value of $75,000 each,
while those produced by LaserSight were written off in full. These lasers do not
represent the most current technology available and the Company has made the
decision to write the lasers down to current market value and will evaluate the
best option for utilization, upgrade or disposal of these lasers.
In 2002, the Company completed a sale-leaseback transaction for its
Canadian corporate headquarters. Total consideration received for the sale was
$6.4 million which was comprised of $5.4 million cash and a $1.0 million 8.0%
note receivable ("Note"). The Note has a seven-year term with the first of four
annual payments of $63,000 starting on the third anniversary of the sale and a
final payment of $0.7 million due on the seventh anniversary of the sale. The
lease term related to the leaseback covers a period of 15 years. For accounting
purposes, due to ongoing responsibility for tenant management and administration
as well as receiving the Note as part of the consideration for the sale, no sale
has been reported. For purpose of financial reporting, the cash proceeds of $5.4
million has been presented as additional debt. The four annual payments, upon
receipt, will result in additional debt while lease payments will result in
decreasing the debt and interest expense. Until the Company meets the accounting
qualifications for recognizing the sale, the building associated with the
sale-leaseback will continue to be depreciated over its initial term of 40
years.
The Company is currently reviewing its space requirements with regards
to this facility. No restructuring charges has been made relating to this
facility as no decision has been made with regards to the use or disposal of
this facility and the Company continues to use this facility for certain
functions. Any costs associated with exiting or renegotiating the lease on this
facility, which could be material, will be reflected in income in future
periods.
96
10. ASSETS UNDER CAPITAL LEASE
2002 2001
------------------------ ------------------------
Accumulated Accumulated
Cost Depreciation Cost Depreciation
------- ------------ ------- ------------
Computer equipment and software $ 162 $ 162 $ 162 $ 162
Furniture, fixtures and equipment 632 476 598 340
Laser equipment 12,942 7,508 12,930 6,899
Medical equipment 2,978 1,744 2,639 1,546
Mobile equipment 1,166 15 -- --
------- ------- ------- -------
17,880 $ 9,905 16,329 $ 8,947
Less accumulated depreciation 9,905 8,947
------- -------
Net book value $ 7,975 $ 7,382
======= =======
11. LONG-TERM DEBT
2002 2001
------- -------
Term loans
Interest at 8%, due September 2001, payable to affiliated
physicians $ -- $ 32
Interest at 10.5% and 12%, due through December 2003 and October
2005, payable to lessor 62 --
Interest at 3.11%, due through June 2004, payable to vendor 6,061
Interest imputed at 9.00%, due in three payments in March 2003
-2005, payable to affiliated doctor relating to practice
acquisition (see Note 22, Related Party Transactions) 5,806 8,099
Interest imputed at 6.25%, due through October 2016,
collateralized by building and payable in Canadian dollars
of $8.6 million 5,447 --
Interest ranging from Prime to 12% (2001 - 5.75% to 12%), due
August 2002 to October 2016, collateralized by equipment 1,119 2,727
18,495 10,858
------- -------
Less current portion 6,010 3,826
------- -------
$12,485 $ 7,032
======= =======
97
Aggregate minimum repayments of principal for each of the next five years and
thereafter are as follows:
2003 $ 6,010
2004 5,104
2005 2,315
2006 332
2007 359
Thereafter 4,375
12. OBLIGATIONS UNDER CAPITAL LEASES
The Company's capital leases expire between 2003 and 2006 and include imputed
interest at rates ranging from 4.8% to 14.0%. The majority of capital leases are
denominated in U.S. dollars and represent leases for lasers and medical
equipment. The capitalized lease obligations represent the present value of
future minimum annual lease payments as follows:
2002
------
2003 $4,058
2004 1,000
2005 669
2006 247
------
5,974
Less interest portion 393
------
5,581
Less current portion 3,423
2,158
------
$2,158
======
13. DEFERRED RENT
Deferred rent represents the benefit of operating lease inducements which are
being amortized on a straight-line basis over the related term of the lease.
14. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND OPTIONS
The Company's Stockholders' Equity as of May 31, 2002 consists of Common Stock,
Treasury Stock, Option and Warrants and an Accumulated Deficit.
Common Stock and Treasury Stock
Common stock has no par value and an unlimited number of shares are authorized.
As of May 31, 2002, 64,742,973 shares were issued of which 582,825 were held as
Treasury stock. There were 64,160,148 net shares outstanding as of May 31, 2002.
The Treasury Stock resulted when the Company acquired LaserVision and the
portfolio investment in LaserVision common stock was converted to shares of the
Company's common stock. The shares of Treasury Stock have not been cancelled and
could be reissued. From November 1999 to September 2000, the Company repurchased
803,000 shares of common stock at an average market price of $13.52 per share.
These treasury shares were subsequently cancelled.
During fiscal 1999, the Company introduced an employee share purchase plan to
facilitate the ownership of the Company's common shares by its employees.
Employee purchases are supplemented annually by an additional 25% contribution
by the Company which is expensed.
98
During fiscal 2002, 2001, and 2000, including the company's contribution,
employees acquired approximately 85,000, 12,000 and 65,000 shares, respectively,
through this plan.
In connection with the acquisition of The Vision Source, Inc., the Company
released 210,902 shares from escrow during fiscal 2000 which had a value of $1.4
million based on market prices at the time of settlement. An additional 536,764
shares valued at $4.2 million were issued during fiscal 2001.
In August 2000, the Company purchased the membership interests in Eye Care
Management Associates, LLC in exchange for cash, contingent consideration and
295,165 common shares of the Company with a value of $1.9 million. (See Note 2,
Acquisitions).
On May 15, 2002, the Company completed the merger transaction with LaserVision
by issuing 26,616,647 shares of the Company's common stock (including 582,825
now held as treasury shares) in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of
LaserVision. Each share of LaserVision was converted into .95 shares of the
Company's common stock. These newly issued shares include 712,500 shares held in
escrow in conjunction with a 2001 acquisition by LaserVision and could be
returned to the Company under certain conditions. These escrowed shares were
excluded from the average shares outstanding calculation. (See Note 2,
Acquisitions).
Option and Warrants
In January 2000, the Company issued 100,000 warrants with an exercise price of
$13.063 per share to an employee benefits company as consideration. These
warrants are not transferable, vest over periods up to three years and expire
after five years. Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (assumptions -
five year life, volatility of .35, risk free rate of return 6.35%, no
dividends), a $0.5 million fair value was assigned to these warrants which is
being amortized over the vesting periods. As of May 31, 2002, $40,000 remains to
be amortized.
The 7,518,711 options issued in connection with the LaserVision merger had a
fair value of $9.7 million using the Black-Scholes options pricing model
(assumptions - .02 years to 5 year estimated lives, volatility of .74, risk free
rates of returns 3.34% to 3.72%, no dividends, market price of $4.1725 on the
date the merger was announced in August 2001, exercise prices ranging from
$1.713 to $8.688 per share). The $11.0 million total value of these former
LaserVision options, which includes 500,000 fully vested ten-year TLC Vision
options issued directly to the former Chairman and CEO of LaserVision, were part
of the purchase price for LaserVision. The 500,000 TLC Vision options had a fair
value of $1.3 million using the Black-Scholes options pricing model (assumptions
- - 5 year expected life, volatility of .74, risk free rate off return of 3.72%,
no dividends, market price and exercise price of $4.1725 on the date the merger
was announced in August 2001).
During 2002, the Board of Directors voted to fully vest all outstanding
unexercised options of a consultant who was a former executive officer. As
required by SFAS 123, "Accounting for Stock-based Compensation", the $0.2
million fair value of these options was charged to earnings in fiscal 2002, the
year the options vested, and an equivalent amount was credited to Option Equity.
These options were granted during the period
99
from December 1997 through December 2001 at exercise prices ranging from C$4.04
to C$29.90.
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
At May 31, 2002, the Company has issued stock options to employees, directors
and certain other individuals. Options granted have terms ranging from five to
ten years. Vesting provisions on options granted to date include options that
vest immediately, options that vest in equal amounts annually over the first
four years of the option term and options that vest entirely on the first
anniversary from the grant date.
As of May 31, 2002, the issued and outstanding options denominated in Canadian
dollars were at the following prices and terms:
OUTSTANDING EXERCISABLE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average Average
Price Range Number of Contractual Exercise Number of Exercise
(Cdn $) Options Life Price Options Price
- ----------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------
$1.43 500 3.5 years 1.43 125 1.43
$3.81 - $5.54 961,473 3.0 years 4.05 450,496 4.10
$7.25 - $10.50 80,849 3.3 years 8.61 24,837 8.32
$10.87 - $19.73 195,157 0.8 years 12.53 188,339 12.46
$20.75 - $30.66 375,589 1.5 years 26.18 299,162 25.46
$32.18 - $74.50 13,794 2.0 years 47.06 8,596 46.93
1,627,362 2.4 years 10.76 971,555 12.82
As of May 31, 2002, the issued and outstanding options denominated in U.S.
dollars were at the following prices and terms:
OUTSTANDING EXERCISABLE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average Average
Price Range Number of Contractual Exercise Number of Exercise
(U.S.$) Options Life Price Options Price
- ----------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------
$1.22 - $2.80 2,158,605 5.7 years 2.27 1,487,666 2.12
$3.02 - $3.72 1,997,891 4.2 years 3.47 1,995,672 3.47
$3.84 - $4.88 2,113,696 2.8 years 4.65 1,935,097 4.64
$5.00 - $6.78 685,452 3.1 years 5.67 666,218 5.68
$6.88 - $8.69 2,055,471 2.3 years 8.67 2,021,049 5.68
$10.06 - $21.69 327,919 2.0 years 18.79 207,352 18.92
$23.66 - $50.94 6,350 2.3 years 24.73 3,175 24.73
--------- ---------
9,345,384 3.7 years 5.32 8,316,228 5.34
100
A total of 445,515 options have been authorized for issuance in the future but
were not issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2002. A summary of option activity
during the last three fiscal years follows:
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE
OPTIONS EXERCISE PRICE EXERCISE PRICE
(000'S) PER SHARE PER SHARE
---------- -------------- --------------
MAY 31, 1999 2,692 Cdn$11.12 US$7.54
Granted 453 30.14 20.62
Exercised (88) 10.71 7.26
---------- ---------- --------
MAY 31, 2000 3,057 Cdn$13.95 US$9.49
---------- ---------- --------
Granted 1,338 5.63 3.74
Exercised (40) 4.73 3.24
Forfeited (1,502) 9.48 6.51
---------- ---------- --------
MAY 31, 2001 2,853 Cdn$12.65 US$8.46
---------- ---------- --------
Granted 1,221 4.45 2.81
Exercised (10) 4.06 2.67
Forfeited (610) 10.52 7.06
Granted, LaserVision merger 7,519 7.79 5.08
---------- ---------- --------
OUTSTANDING AT MAY 31, 2002 10,973 Cdn$8.50 US$5.59
========== ========== ========
Exercisable at May 31, 2002 9,288 Cdn$8.66 US$5.68
========== ========== ========
Immediately prior to the effective time of the merger, LaserVision reduced the
exercise price of approximately 2.1 million outstanding stock options and
warrants of Laser Vision with an exercise price greater than $8.688 per share to
$8.688 per share. This reduction was part of the merger agreement approved by
LaserVision stockholders in April 2002. The vesting and expiration dates did not
change. Post merger, these former LaserVision options became approximately 2.0
million options of the Company with an exercise price of $8.688. These options
are part of the 7,519,000 options granted in connection with the LaserVision
merger.
Pursuant to a plan approved by the Company's stockholders in April 2002, most
employees and officers with options at exercise prices greater than $8.688 may
elect to exchange them for options with an
101
exercise price of $8.688. Elections to make this exchange must be made by
September 2002 or the existing prices will stay in effect. The number of $8.688
options to be received will be less than, or the same, as the number of options
being surrendered. For every option with an exercise price of at least $40, the
holder will surrender 75% of the shares subject to such option; for every option
with an exercise price of at least $30 but less than $40, the holder will
surrender 66.6% of the shares subject to such option; for every option with an
exercise price of at least $20 but less than $30, the holder will surrender 50%
of the shares subject to such option; and for every option with an exercise
price of at least $8.688 but less than $20, the holder will not surrender any of
the shares subject to such option. These repriced options will be subject to
variable option accounting which means that compensation expense will be
necessary whenever these options are outstanding and the market price of the
Company's stock is $8.69 or higher. Approximately 860,000 options outstanding at
May 31, 2002 were eligible to be exchanged for options with lower exercise
prices including 314,500 options held by the Company's executive officers and
Board of Directors.
SFAS 123 became effective for the Company's 1997 fiscal year. The Company
continues to account for its outstanding fixed price stock options under APB
No.25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees", which results in the
recording of no compensation expense in the Company's circumstances because the
options had no intrinsic value on the date granted. Had compensation expense for
stock options granted been determined based upon fair value at the grant date
consistent with the methodology prescribed by SFAS No. 123, the pro forma
effects of fiscal 2002, 2001 and 2000 grants on the net loss and loss per share
amounts for the years ended May 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 would have been as
follows:
2002 2001 2000
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss for the year before
cumulative effect of accounting change $(146,675) $ (37,773) $ (5,918)
Adjustments for SFAS 123 (1,564) (1,847) (2,806)
--------- --------- ---------
Pro forma net loss for the year before
cumulative effect of accounting change $(148,239) $ (39,620) $ (8,724)
========= ========= =========
Pro forma loss per share for the year
before cumulative effect of
accounting change $ (3.78) $ (1.05) $ (0.23)
========= ========= =========
The fair value of the options granted was estimated at the date of grant using
the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average
assumptions: risk free interest rate of 4.25% for fiscal 2002, 6.5% for fiscal
2001 and 7.5% for fiscal 2000; no dividends; volatility factors of the expected
market price of the Company's common shares of 0.88 for fiscal 2002, 0.83 for
fiscal 2001 and 0.71 for fiscal 2000; and a weighted average expected option
life of 5.0 years for fiscal 2002, 4.0 years for fiscal 2001 and 3.5 years for
fiscal 2000. The estimated value of the LaserVision grants and the grants to
LaserVision's former Chairman and CEO were recorded as part of the acquisition.
The fair market value of the other options granted during the fiscal year ended
May 31, 2002 was approximately $1.3 million (2001 - $3.1 million; 2000 - $5.8
million). The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in
estimating fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and
are fully transferable.
Because the Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly
different from those of traded options (no trading by employees during "black
out" periods), and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can
materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the above
pro forma adjustments for SFAS 123 are not necessarily a reliable single measure
of the fair value of the Company's employee stock options.
102
15. INTEREST AND OTHER AND DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION
2002 2001 2000
Interest and other
Interest on long-term debt $ 928 $ 266 $ 498
Interest on obligations under capital lease 563 1,063 1,720
Interest and bank charges, net 685 583 453
Interest income (1,415) (4,455) (7,163)
-------- -------- --------
$ 761 $ (2,543) $ (4,492)
======== ======== ========
Depreciation and amortization
Fixed assets $ 9,535 $ 13,043 $ 11,880
Assets under capital lease 1,468 2,007 2,412
Goodwill -- 3,784 3,053
Practice management agreements 10,158 8,759 4,343
-------- -------- --------
Deferred contract rights 191
======== ======== ========
$ 21,352 $ 27,593 $ 21,688
======== ======== ========
16. INCOME TAXES
Deferred income taxes consist of the following temporary differences:
2002 2001
-------- --------
Tax benefit of loss carryforwards
Pre-acquisition $ 6,561 $ 8,034
Post-acquisition 22,684 12,913
Start-up costs 17 191
Fixed assets 2,148 1,362
Intangibles 16,638 2,444
Comprehensive income 5,580
Investments in Assets 10,785 --
Other 4,527 1,607
Valuation allowance (46,357) (30,429)
-------- --------
$ 1,571 $ 1,702
-------- --------
Liabilities:
Practice management agreements $ 1,571 $ 1,702
-------- --------
$ 1,571 $ 1,702
-------- --------
-- --
======== ========
103
As of May 31, 2002, the Company has non-capital losses available for
carryforward for income tax purposes of approximately $86.9 million, which are
available to reduce taxable income of future years.
The Canadian losses can only be utilized by the source company whereas the
United States losses are utilized on a United States consolidated basis. The
Canadian losses of $23.9 million expire as follows:
Year ended May 31,
2003 $2,290
2004 1,509
2005 831
2006 315
2007 580
2008 9,724
2009 8,647
The United States losses of $58.0 million expire between 2012 and 2022. The
Canadian and United States losses include amounts of $3.2 million and $14.7
million respectively relating to the acquisitions of 20/20 and BeaconEye, the
availability and timing of utilization of which may be restricted.
The differences between the provision for income taxes and the amount computed
by applying the statutory Canadian income tax rate to loss before income taxes
and non-controlling interest were as follows:
2002 2001
-------- --------
Income tax recovery based on the Canadian statutory income tax 40.3%
(2001 - 43.2%; 2000 - 44.6%) $(46,963) $(15,529)
Current year's losses not utilized 10,025 8,474
Expenses not deductible for income tax purposes 37,733 7,764
Adjustments of cash vs. accrual tax deductions for U.S. income tax purposes (516) 117
Utilization of prior year's losses -- (118)
Corporate Minimum Tax, Large Corporations Tax and foreign tax 1,221 1,255
LLC's taxable income allocated to non-TLC VISION members 2 (127)
Other 282 403
-------- --------
Provision for income taxes $ 1,784 $ 2,239
======== ========
104
The provision for income taxes is as follows:
2002 2001
------ ------
Current:
Canada $ 112 $ 111
United States - federal 924 929
United States - state 280 645
Other 468 554
------ ------
$1,784 $2,239
====== ======
17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating Commitments
As of May 31, 2002, the Company has commitments relating to operating leases for
rental of office space and equipment and long term marketing contracts, which
require future minimum payments aggregating to approximately $53.1 million.
Future minimum payments in aggregate and over the next five years and thereafter
are as follows:
2003 11,755
2004 10,558
2005 8,356
2006 5,672
2007 3,412
Thereafter 13,389
As of May 31, 2002, the Company was in the second year of a three year lease
agreement with a major laser manufacturer for the use of that manufacturer's
lasers which require future minimum lease payments aggregating $5.4 million.
Future minimum lease payments in aggregate and over the remaining two years are
as follows:
Guarantees
One of the Company's subsidiaries, together with other investors, has
jointly and severally guaranteed the obligations of an equity investee. Total
liabilities of the equity investee under guarantee amount to approximately
$2.1 million at May 31, 2002.
105
Legal Contingencies
On February 9, 2001 Joseph Dello Russo, M.D. filed a lawsuit against
the Company and certain physicians associated with the Company in the United
States District Court, Eastern District of New York alleging false description,
false advertising and deceptive trade practices based upon certain
advertisements of a doctor with substantially the same name as the plaintiff.
The complaint alleges compensatory damages to be no less than $30.0 million plus
punitive damages. This lawsuit is in the early stages and the Company intends to
vigorously defend this matter. Although there can be no assurance, the Company
does not expect this suit to have a material adverse effect on its business,
financial condition or results of operations.
In April 2002, Lesa K. Melchor, Richard D. and Lee Ann Dubois and Major
Gary D. Liebowitz filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, Southern District
of Texas, Houston Division against Laser Vision Centers, Inc. This is a
securities claim seeking damages for losses incurred in trading in LaserVision
stock and options in the period from November 1999 to December 2001. In their
Complaint, the plaintiffs allege that they were given false and misleading
information by LaserVision's Director of Investor Relations. The plaintiffs also
seek to have the lawsuit certified as a class action. The company believes that
the claims of the plaintiffs are without merit and intends to vigorously defend
the suit. The Company has filed a Motion to Dismiss the suit which is currently
pending before the Court. This lawsuit is in the early stages. Although there
can be no assurance, the Company does not expect this suit to have a material
adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.
In the fourth quarter, an arbitration award was issued against TLC
Network Service Inc. for $2.1 million which has been fully provided for in
fiscal 2002. The arbitration award was extended to the Company. The Company has
filed an appeal but no hearing date has been set at this time. Payment of this
liability has been deferred until final resolution of the appeal and all other
legal alternatives have been explored.
The Company is subject to various claims and legal actions in the
ordinary course of its business, which may or may not be covered by insurance.
These matters include, without limitation, professional liability,
employee-related matters and inquiries and investigations by governmental
agencies. The Company believes that it has adequate provision in its account
with regards to this matter.
Regulatory Tax Contingencies
The laws of various states in which TLC VISION operates typically
exempt from sales and use taxation those activities that constitute a service.
TLC VISION has historically taken the position that, among other things, the
services they provide to the eye doctor are integral to the surgical procedures
provided by the eye doctor and, therefore, constitute a service exempt from
sales and use taxation.
Of the 48 states in which TLC Vision conducts operations, TLC Vision is
aware of a total of six states which have asserted that its laser access
arrangements with eye doctors do not constitute a service exempt from sale and
use taxation. Tax authorities in these states have indicated that they consider
the substance of the transaction between the eye doctor and TLC Vision to be the
eye doctor's access to the laser, not the other services provided by TLC Vision.
As such, they have indicated that they consider the arrangement to be a taxable
lease or rental of equipment rather than an exempt service. One of these states
performed an initial review and determined that no further action or assertion
of tax was necessary. Two other states have assessed sales and use taxes on TLC
Vision's customers, but have not assessed any taxes on TLC Vision. Tax
authorities in the remaining three states have contacted TLC Vision and issued
proposed adjustments for various periods from 1995 through February 2002 in the
aggregate amount of approximately $1.8 million. TLC Vision has objected to the
proposed assessments and is engaged in discussions with the respective state tax
authorities. TLC Vision believes that, under applicable laws and TLC Vision's
contracts with its eye surgeon customers, each customer is ultimately
responsible for the payment of any applicable sales and use taxes in respect of
TLC Vision's services. However, TLC Vision may be unable to collect any such
amounts from its customers, and in such event would remain responsible for
payment. TLC Vision cannot yet predict the outcome of these assessments or
similar actions, if any, which may be undertaken by other state tax authorities.
The Company believes that it has adequate provisions in its accounts with
regards to this matter.
Employment Contingencies
During fiscal 2002, the Company entered into employment agreements of up to 5
years with 6 officers of TLC Vision to provide for base salaries, the
potential payment of certain bonuses and severance payments ranging from 18 to
36 months of base compensation.
106
18. SEGMENTED INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable segments: refractive and other. The
refractive segment is the core focus of the Company and is in the business of
providing corrective laser surgery specifically related to refractive disorders,
such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism.
This segment is comprised of Company-owned laser centers and Company-managed
laser centers, which represents management fee revenue arising from PMAs with
professional corporations that provide laser vision corrective procedures. For
the current year end, the following refractive segmented information also
includes the access and mobile refractive business of LaserVision. The other
segment includes an accumulation of non-core business activities including the
management of cataract and secondary care centers that provide advanced levels
of eye care, the provision of mobile equipment directly to physician practices
to perform secondary care procedures, network marketing and management,
professional healthcare facility management and hair removal activities. None of
these activities included in the other segment meet the quantitative criteria to
be disclosed separately as a reportable segment.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described
in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates
performance based on operational components including paid procedures, net
revenue after doctors' fees, fixed costs and income (loss) before income taxes.
Intersegment sales and transfers are minimal and are measured as if the
sales or transfers were to third parties.
Doctors compensation as presented in the segmented information of the
financial statements represents the cost to the Company of engaging experienced
and knowledgeable ophthalmic professionals to perform laser vision correction
services at the Company's owned laser centers. Where the Company manages laser
centers due to certain state requirements it is the responsibility of the
professional corporations or physicians to whom the Company furnishes management
services to provide the required professional services and engage ophthalmic
professionals. In such cases, the costs associated with arranging for these
professionals to furnish professional services is reported as a cost of the
professional corporation and not of the Company.
The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that
offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each
business requires different technology and marketing strategies. The Company's
business units were acquired or developed as a unit and management at the time
of acquisition was retained.
107
The Company's business segments are as follows:
2002 Refractive Other Total
---------- --------- ---------
Revenues and physician costs:
Net revenues $ 115,908 $ 18,843 $ 134,751
Expenses:
Doctor compensation 10,225 -- 10,225
Operating 111,708 15,856 127,564
Interest and other 735 26 761
Depreciation of fixed assets and assets under capital lease 10,143 860 11,003
Amortization of intangibles 9,897 452 10,349
Impairment of Intangibles 69,705 12,015 81,720
Write down in the fair value of investments 24,066 2,016 26,082
Reduction in the carrying value of fixed assets 2,553 -- 2,553
Restructuring and other charges 8,750 -- 8,750
--------- --------- ---------
247,782 31,225 279,007
--------- --------- ---------
Loss from operations (131,874) (12,382) (144,256)
Income taxes (745) (1,039) (1,784)
Non-controlling interest (225) (410) (635)
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss (132,844) (13,831) (146,675)
========= ========= =========
Total assets 223,472 22,043 245,515
========= ========= =========
Total fixed assets, assets under capital lease and intangible
expenditures 2,707 620 3,320
========= ========= =========
2001
Revenues and physician costs:
Net revenues $ 161,219 $ 12,787 $ 174,006
Expenses:
Doctor compensation 15,538 -- 15,538
Operating 134,324 15,168 149,492
Interest and other (2,385) (158) (2,543)
Depreciation of fixed assets and assets under capital lease 13,675 1,375 15,050
Amortization of intangibles 10,703 1,840 12,543
Restructuring and other charges 6,433 12,642 19,075
--------- --------- ---------
178,288 30,867 209,155
--------- --------- ---------
Loss from operations (17,069) (18,080) (35,149)
Income taxes (1,779) (460) (2,239)
Non-controlling interest (370) (15) (385)
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss (19,218) (18,555) (37,773)
========= ========= =========
Total assets 216,494 21,944 238,438
========= ========= =========
Total fixed assets, assets under capital lease and intangible
expenditures 36,296 140 36,436
========= ========= =========
108
2000
Refractive Other Total
---------- --------- ---------
Revenues and physician costs:
Net revenues $ 190,233 $ 10,990 $ 201,223
Expenses:
Doctor compensation 17,333 2 17,335
Operating 153,673 12,477 166,150
Interest and other (4,574) 82 (4,492)
Depreciation of fixed assets and assets under capital lease 12,886 1,406 14,292
Amortization of intangibles 6,363 1,033 7,396
--------- --------- ---------
185,681 15,000 200,681
--------- --------- ---------
Income (loss) from operations 4,552 (4,010) 542
Income taxes (3,141) (313) (3,454)
Non-controlling interest (2,443) (563) (3,006)
--------- --------- ---------
Net (loss) $ (1,032) $ (4,886) $ (5,918)
========= ========= =========
Total assets $ 250,279 $ 39,085 $ 289,364
========= ========= =========
Total fixed assets, assets under capital lease and intangible
expenditures $ 65,941 $ 8,477 $ 74,418
========= ========= =========
The Company's geographic segments are as follows:
2002 Canada United States Total
-------- ------------- --------
Revenues and physician costs:
Net revenues $ 13,208 $121,543 $134,751
Doctor compensation 1,260 8,965 10,225
-------- -------- --------
Net revenue after doctor compensation $ 11,948 $112,578 $124,526
======== ======== ========
Total fixed assets and intangibles $ 12,156 $141,682 $153,838
======== ======== ========
2001 Canada United States Total
-------- ------------- --------
Revenues and physician costs:
Net revenues $ 18,114 $155,892 $174,006
Doctor compensation 1,698 13,840 15,538
-------- -------- --------
Net revenue after doctor compensation $ 16,416 $142,052 $158,468
======== ======== ========
Total fixed assets and intangibles $ 22,039 $123,108 $145,147
======== ======== ========
2000 Canada United States Total
-------- ------------- --------
Revenues and physician costs:
Net revenues $ 17,275 $183,948 $201,223
Doctor compensation 2,876 14,459 17,335
-------- -------- --------
Net revenue after doctor compensation $ 14,399 $169,489 $183,888
======== ======== ========
Total fixed assets and intangibles $ 22,195 $131,255 $153,450
======== ======== ========
109
19. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value
The carrying values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable
and accrued liabilities and income taxes payable approximates their fair values
because of the short-term maturities of these instruments.
Given the large number of individual long-term debt instruments and capital
lease obligations held by the Company, it is not practicable within constraints
of timeliness and cost to determine fair value.
The Company's short-term investments are recorded at fair market values. In
fiscal 2001, the Company's short-term investment portfolio consisted of a
corporate bond and a bank certificate of deposit that had remaining terms to
maturity not exceeding three months.
Portfolio investments consist of the Company's investment in the common shares
of LaserSight's (2001 - Common and Class C preferred shares which were
automatically convertible to an equal number of common shares in June 2001).
These investments are carried at fair market value. The fair value of the
Company's portfolio investments presented below, excluding the LaserSight
Incorporated preferred shares, are based on quotes from brokers.
2002 2001
------- -------
Short-term investments $ 2,113 $ 6,063
Portfolio investments (cost: 2002 -$24,206 ; 2001 - $27,190) $ 3,238 $17,649
Risk Management
The Company is exposed to credit risk on accounts receivable from its customers.
In order to reduce its credit risk, the Company has adopted credit policies
which include the analysis of the financial position of its customers and the
regular review of credit limits. As of May 31, 2002, the Company had recorded an
allowance for doubtful accounts of $2.5 million (2001 - $1.1 million). The
Company does not have a significant exposure to any individual customer, except
for amounts due from those refractive and secondary eye practices which it
manages and which are collateralized by the practice's patient receivables.
Cash accounts at the Canadian banks are insured by the Canadian Depositary
Insurance Corporation for up to C$60,000. In the United States, the Federal
Depositary Insurance Corporation insures cash balances up to $0.1 million. As of
May 31, 2002, bank deposits exceeded insured limits by $ 47.7 million (2001 -
$36.3 million).
The Company operates in Canada, England and the United States and is therefore
exposed to market risks related to foreign currency fluctuations between these
currencies. As well, there is cash flow exposure to interest rate fluctuations
on debt carrying floating rates of interest.
110
20. RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES
Fiscal 2002
The following table details restructuring charges incurred for the year ended
May 31, 2002:
Cumulative - Draw
Restructuring charges downs
---------------------------------- -------------------
Closure Relocation/ Accrual
of Downsize balance as
Workforce laser laser at
reduction centers centers Total Cash Non-cash May 31, 2002
--------- ------- ----------- ----- ----- -------- ------------
Severances 2,599 86 -- 2,685 2,219 -- 466
Options issued 222 -- -- 222 -- 222 --
Lease commitments, net of
sublease income -- 2,048 717 2,765 2,765
Termination costs of doctors
contracts -- 146 -- 146 80 -- 66
Laser commitments 652 -- 652 -- -- 652
Write-down of fixed assets -- 1,949 331 2,280 -- 2,280 --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Total restructuring and other charges 2,821 4,881 1,048 8,750 2,299 2,502 3,949
===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== =====
During fiscal 2002, the Company implemented a restructuring program to
reduce employee costs in line with current revenue levels, close certain under
performing centers and eliminating duplicate functions caused by the merger with
LaserVision. By the end of the year, this program resulted in total
cost for severance and office closures of $8.8 million of which $2.5 million has
been paid out in cash and options. All restructuring costs will be financed
through the Company's cash and cash equivalents.
The components of this restructuring are as follows:
(A) The Company continued its objective of reducing employee costs in line with
revenues. This activity occurred in two stages with total charges of $2.8
million. The first stage of reductions were identified in the second and
third quarters of fiscal 2002 and resulted in restructuring charges of $2.2
million all of which had been paid out in cash or options by the end of the
fiscal year. This reduction impacted 89 employees of whom 35 were working
in laser centers with the remaining 54 working within various corporate
functions. The second stage of the cost reduction required the Company to
identify the impact of its acquisition of LaserVision on May 15, 2002 and
eliminate surplus positions resulting from the acquisition. These costs
will be paid out by the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2003.
(B) As part of the Company restructuring subsequent to its acquisition of
LaserVision in May 2002, six centers were identified for closure: such
centres were identified based on managements earning criteria, earnings
before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. These closures
resulted in restructuring charges of $4.9 million reflecting a write-down
of
111
fixed assets of $1.9 million and cash costs of $3.0 million which include
net lease commitments (net of costs to sublet and sub-lease income) of $2.0
million, ongoing laser commitments of $0.7 million, termination costs of a
doctor's contract of $0.1 million and severance costs impacting 21 center
employees of $0.1 million. The lease costs will be paid out over the
remaining term of the lease. The severance and termination costs will be
paid in fiscal 2003.
(C) The Company also identified four centers where management determined that
given the current and future expected procedures, the centers had excess
leased capacity or the lease arrangements was not economical. The Company
assessed these four centers to determine whether the excess space should be
subleased or whether the centres should be relocated. The Company provided
$1.0 million related to the costs associated with sub-leasing the excess or
unoccupied facilities. A total of $0.3 million of this provision related to
non-cash costs of writing down fixed assets and $0.7 million represented
net future cash costs for lease commitments and costs to sublet available
space offset by sub-lease income that is projected to be generated. The
lease costs will be paid out over the remaining term of the lease.
Fiscal 2001
In fiscal 2001, the decisions were made to: (i) exit from e-commerce enterprise
eyeVantage.com, Inc., (ii) reflect the potential for losses in an equity
investment in a secondary care operation, (iii) identify the estimated costs
associated with the Company's current restructuring initiative as well as the
consulting costs closely associated with the restructuring initiative, (iv)
segregate the amounts of an arbitration award against the Company and (v)
provide for the impairment of a portfolio investment. The following charges were
reported in connection with these divestitures and restructuring:
The decision to close the activities at eyeVantage.com, Inc. resulted in a
restructuring charge of $11.7 million which reflects the estimated impact of the
write-down of goodwill of $8.7 million, loss/write down of fixed assets of $2.1
million, employee termination costs of $1.7 million representing the termination
costs of 29 employees, accounts receivable losses of $0.4 million and $1.1
million of costs incurred in the closing process which includes legal costs and
administrative costs. These losses are offset by a gain of $2.3 million
resulting from the reduction in the purchase obligation associated with the
Optical Options, Inc., acquisition (See Note 2, Acquisitions).
The Company has provided $1.0 million for potential losses in amounts
outstanding from an equity investment in a secondary care activity.
The Company has closed three eye care centers, terminated plans for another and
sold its ownership in another and has estimated losses of $1.8 million resulting
from these decisions. The Company has undertaken an extensive review of internal
structures, its marketplace, its resources and its strategies for the future.
The review is resulting in the restructuring of the Company's goals and
structures to meet its future needs. The Company has utilized the services of a
national consulting firm to facilitate this internal restructuring process,
whose participation in this assignment was completed in the third quarter with
an associated cost of $1.6 million.
112
The Company has provided $0.9 million for losses on portfolio investments in
Vision America where it is felt that there has been a permanent impairment in
the value of the Company's holdings.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001, an award from an arbitration hearing
involving TLC Network Services Inc. was issued against TLC Vision. The
cumulative liability arising from the award was $2.1 million which has been
fully provided for in the fourth quarter. Payment of this liability has been
deferred until exploration of all legal alternatives has been completed.
In the year ended May 31, 2001, the Company provided for a total of $19.1
million of losses from restructuring and other charges. These losses consisted
of cash payments of $4.7 million primarily for severance, lease costs,
consulting services and closure costs and $14.4 million in non-cash costs.
Non-cash costs were primarily for write-off of goodwill, fixed assets and
current assets resulting from the decision to exit from its e-commerce
enterprise, eyeVantage.com, Inc., the accrual for an arbitration award and
provision for portfolio investments.
21. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Non-cash transactions:
2002 2001 2000
--------- --------- ---------
Issue of warrants to be expensed over three years $ -- $ -- $ 532
Issue of options as severance remuneration 222 -- --
Capital stock issued as remuneration -- 35 387
Capital stock issued for acquisitions 111,058 6,059 2,125
Treasury stock arising from acquisition (2,432) -- --
Issue of options arising from acquisition 11,001 -- --
Reversal of accrual for costs of acquisitions (216) -- --
Reversal of accrual for costs of IPO -- -- 139
Accrued purchase obligations -- 3,899 13,200
Capital lease obligations relating to equipment purchases -- -- 1,366
Long-term debt cancellation -- 450 --
Cash paid for the following:
2002 2001 2000
------ ------ ------
Interest $1,693 $1,668 $2,671
------ ------ ------
Income taxes $1,382 $ 148 $5,647
------ ------ ------
22. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002, J.L. Investments, Inc. of
which Mr. Warren Rustand, a director of TLC Vision, is a shareholder, and Mr.
Warren Rustand entered into a consulting agreement with the Company to oversee
the development of the Company's international business development project J.L.
Investments and Mr. Rustand received $125,000 under this agreement.
On March 1, 2001, a limited liability company indirectly wholly owned
by TLC Vision acquired all of the non-medical assets relating to the refractive
practice of Dr. Mark Whitten prior to Dr. Whitten becoming a director of TLC
Vision. The cost of this acquisition was $20.0 million with $10.0 million paid
in cash on March 1, 2001 and the remaining $10.0 million payable in four equal
installments on each of the first four anniversary dates of closing. Dr. Whitten
became a director of TLC Vision in May 2002. At May 31, 2002 the remaining
discounted amounts payable to Dr. Whitten of $5.8 million is included in long
term debt. (See Note 11, Long term debt). In addition, TLC Vision has entered
into service agreements with companies that own Dr. Whitten's refractive
satellite operations located in Frederick, Maryland, and Charlottesville,
Virginia, under which TLC Vision will provide such companies with services in
return for a fee. During the 2002 fiscal year, TLC Vision received a total of
$761,000 in revenue as a result of the service agreements.
23. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On May 16, 2002 the Company agreed to sell the capital stock of its
Aspen Healthcare ("Aspen") subsidiary to SurgiCare Inc. ("SurgiCare") for a
purchase price of $5.0 million in cash and warrants for 103,957 shares of common
stock of SurgiCare with an exercise price of $2.24 per share. The purchase price
was originally scheduled to be paid as follows: $2.5 million on the closing date
of May 30, 2002, and the remaining $2.5 million on or before August 1, 2002 plus
85% of the cash balance on Aspen's financial,
113
statements as of the closing date. On June 14, 2002, the purchase agreement for
the transaction was amended due to the failure of Surgicare to meet its
obligations under the existing agreement. The amendment established a new
closing date of September 14, 2002, on which the total purchase price of $5.0
million is to be paid. The amendment also required the purchaser to pay to TLC
Vision $0.8 million of cash and 38,000 shares of common stock in Surgicare
valued at $2.00 per share.
On July 25, 2002 the Company entered into a joint venture with Vascular
Science Corporation ["Vascular Science"] for the purpose of pursuing commercial
applications of technologies owned or licensed by Vascular Science applicable to
the evaluation, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of aged related macular
degeneration. Accordingly to the terms of the agreement, the Company purchased
$3.0 million in preferred stock and has the obligation to purchase an additional
$7.0 million in preferred stock in Vascular Sciences if Vascular Science attains
certain milestones in the development and commercialization of the product. If
Vascular Science fails to achieve a milestone, TLC Vision shall have no further
obligations to purchase additional shares. The consideration for the purchase of
the $3.0 million in preferred shares included the cancellation of a $1 million
promissory owed to TLC Vision by Vascular Science which was issued in April of
2002. Since the technology is in the development stage and has not received Food
and Drug Administration approval, the Company will account for this investment
as research and development arrangement whereby cost will be expensed as
amendments are expanded by Vascular Science. Once commercialization of the
product has occurred or Food and Drug Administration approval has occurred the
Company will revaluate the accounting treatment of the investment. An aggregate
of $1.0 million of the $3.0 million investment has been expensed in fiscal 2002.
On August 1, 2002 the Company acquired 55% of Rayner Surgery Center for
$7.6 million in cash and the option to purchase up to an additional 5% per year
for $0.7 million in cash each year. Rayner Surgery Center is an ambulatory
surgical care center based in Oxford, Mississippi specializing in cataract
surgeries. This acquisition will be accounted for under the purchase method of
accounting in the first quarter of 2003.
In July 2001, two laser manufacturers reported settling a class
action anti-trust case. In August 2002 LaserVision received approximately $8.0
million from its portion of the settlement and TLC Vision received $7.0 million
from its portion of the settlement. The $8.0 million relating to the activities
of LaserVision represents a contingent asset acquired by the Company that has
been included in the purchase price allocation as at May 15, 2002 as an other
asset. The Company is currently investigating its legal obligations with regards
to the amount of this settlement that may need to be paid to the minority
interests in the former LaserVision subsidiaries and is awaiting further
information and analysis in this regard. However, based on its current review of
its obligations, management has included an accrual of $500,000 for its best
estimate of the liability that existed at
114
the date of the acquisition. If the additional information with regards to the
legal obligations indicates that a different amount should be paid, any
adjustment will be recorded as an adjustment to the purchase price allocation.
The $7.0 million relating to the activities of the Company prior to the
acquisition represents a contingent gain. Management is also investigating its
legal obligations with regards to the amount of this settlement than may need to
be paid to the minority interests or the various physicians affiliated or
associated with TLC Vision and is awaiting further information and analysis in
this regard. The difference between the $7.0 million amount and the amount to be
paid to the minority interests and physicians will be recorded as a gain in
fiscal 2003.
115
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
DIRECTORS
The following table sets forth the name, age, position and length of
service of each of the directors of TLC Vision:
POSITION WITH SERVED AS A
NAME AGE TLC VISION CORPORATION DIRECTOR SINCE
---- --- ---------------------- --------------
Elias Vamvakas 44 Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of May 1993
the Board of Directors
John J. Klobnak 51 Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors May 2002
John F. Riegert 72 Director June 1995
Howard J. Gourwitz 54 Director June 1995
Thomas N. Davidson 62 Director October 2000
Dr. William David Sullins, Jr. 59 Director June 1995
Warren S. Rustand 59 Director October 1997
Dr. Mark Whitten 51 Director May 2002
James M. Garvey 54 Director May 2002
Dr. Richard Lindstrom 54 Director May 2002
David S. Joseph 60 Director May 2002
The following are brief summaries of the business experience during the
past five years of each of the directors, including, where applicable,
information as to the other directorships held by each of them.
ELIAS VAMVAKAS has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
the Board of Directors of TLC Vision since [1993]. Prior to co-founding TLC
VISION in 1993, Mr. Vamvakas was the President of E.A. Vamvakas Insurance
Agencies Limited and the President of the Creative Planning Financial Group of
Companies.
JOHN J. KLOBNAK has served as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
of TLC Vision since May 2002. Prior thereto, Mr. Klobnak served as Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer of LaserVision from July 1988 to May 2002. From 1990 to
1993, Mr. Klobnak served as LaserVision's Chairman, President and Chief
Executive Officer. From 1986 to 1988, he served as Chief Operating Officer and
subsequently President of MarketVision, a partnership acquired by LaserVision
upon its inception in 1988. Prior to 1986, Mr. Klobnak was engaged in marketing
and consulting. Mr. Klobnak is currently a director of Quick Study Radiology,
Inc.
JOHN F. RIEGERT has been a director of TLC Vision since June 1995. Mr.
Riegert was the Secretary of TLC Vision from 1995 until November 1999. Prior to
joining TLC Vision, Mr. Riegert
116
was the Chief Executive Officer of Crossroads Christian Communications Inc., a
national broadcasting company, from 1992 to 1995, a private corporate consultant
from 1991 to 1992, and the Vice President and Secretary-Treasurer of the
Canadian Bankers' Association from 1969 to 1991.
HOWARD J. GOURWITZ has been a director of TLC Vision since June 1995.
Mr. Gourwitz has been a shareholder of the Southfield, Michigan law firm
Gourwitz and Barr, P.C. since January 1993. Mr. Gourwitz specializes in the
practice of corporate and tax law, estate and financial planning, commercial
planning, real estate and sports and entertainment law.
THOMAS N. DAVIDSON has been Chairman of NuTech Precision Metals Inc.
and Chairman of Quarry Hill Group, a private investment holding company, since
1986. Nu-Tech Precision Metals Inc. is a manufacturer of high performance metal
fabrications for the health care, aerospace, high technology and chemical
industries. Mr. Davidson is past Chairman of Hanson Chemical Inc., a supplier of
janitorial cleaning products, General Trust, and PCL Packaging Inc., a supplier
of plastic packaging. He is on the board of several Canadian and U.S. public
companies and was recognized by the Financial Post as the Canadian Entrepreneur
of the year in 1979.
WILLIAM DAVID SULLINS, JR., OD has been a director of TLC Vision since
June 1995. Dr. Sullins has been the President and Chief of Clinical Services of
Athens Eye Care Clinic, P.C., a professional optometric corporation, since 1991.
Dr. Sullins is a founding member and distinguished practitioner of National
Academies of Practice, a Fellow and former member of the Admissions Committee of
the American Academy of Optometry, a Fellow and Admissions Chair of the
Tennessee Academy of Optometry, Adjunct Professor at the Southern College of
Optometry, member Council on Optometric Education, and Past President and former
Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the American Optometric Association. Dr.
Sullins is a director of First Franklin Bankshares, a financial holding company,
and of First National Bank and Trust Company. Dr. Sullins is a Fellow of the
American Association of Optometry and a retired U.S. Navy Rear Admiral.
WARREN S. RUSTAND has been a director of TLC Vision since October 1997.
Mr. Rustand has served as the Managing General Partner of Harlingwood Capital
Partners, a San Diego-based investment firm. Mr. Rustand was the Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer of Rural/Metro Corporation, a U.S. public company
providing ambulance and fire protection services, from 1996 to August 1998. Mr.
Rustand was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Cambridge Company Ltd.,
a merchant banking and management consulting company, from 1987 to 1997. From
1994 to 1997, Mr. Rustand was also the Chairman of 20/20 Laser Centers, Inc.
MARK WHITTEN, M.D. has served as the Regional Medical Director of TLC
Vision in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area since 1997. Dr. Whitten served
as Chairman of the Board at the Washington National Eye Center at Washington
Hospital Center in 1992 and as Vice President of the Board of Directors from
1990 to 1991. From 1994 to 1996, Dr. Whitten was the Chairman of the Medical
Society of D.C. and in 1995 was President of the Washington Ophthalmological
Society. Dr. Whitten was also a council member of the American Academy of
Ophthalmology between 1991 and 1996. Dr. Whitten has also been a clinical
instructor for VISX, a manufacturer of excimer lasers, since 1997.
JAMES M. GARVEY has served as a director of TLC Vision since May 2002.
Mr. Garvey serves as Chief Executive Officer and Managing Partner of Schroder
Ventures Life Sciences Advisors, a venture capital advisory company which he
joined in May 1995. From 1989 to 1995, Mr. Garvey was Director of Allstate
Venture Capital, the venture capital division of Allstate Corp., after initially
directing Allstate Venture Capital's health care investment activity. Mr. Garvey
is currently a director of Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., SunRise "At Home"
Assisted Living, Inc., Discovery Therapeutics, Inc.,
117
Quick Study Radiology, Inc. and Orthovita, Inc. and has served as director and
Chairman of several public and private health care companies.
RICHARD L. LINDSTROM, M.D. has served as a director of TLC Vision since
May 2002. Since 1979, Dr. Lindstrom has been engaged in the private practice of
ophthalmology and has been the President of Minnesota Eye Consultants P.A., a
provider of eyecare services, or its predecessor since 1989. In 1989, Dr.
Lindstrom founded the Phillips Eye Institute Center for Teaching & Research, an
ophthalmic research and surgical skill education facility, and he currently
serves as the Center's Medical Director. Dr. Lindstrom has served as an
Associate Director of the Minnesota Lions Eye Bank since 1987. He is a medical
advisor for several medical device and pharmaceutical manufacturers. From 1980
to 1989, he served as a Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of
Minnesota. Dr. Lindstrom received his M.D., B.A. and B.S. degrees from the
University of Minnesota.
DAVID S. JOSEPH has served as a director of TLC Vision since May 2002.
Mr. Joseph has been Chairman of Orthovita, Inc., a biomaterials company, since
May 1999, after having previously served as President and Chief Executive
Officer since 1993. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Highway to
Health, Animas Corporation, and Morphotek, Inc. He was a co-founder, President
and Chief Executive Officer of Site Microsurgical Systems, an ophthalmic device
company, acquired by Johnson and Johnson, and co-founder, President and Chief
Executive Officer of Surgical Laser Technologies Inc., a manufacturer of laser
systems and non-laser surgical devices.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following are brief summaries of the business experience during the
past five years of each of the executive officers of TLC Vision who are not
directors.
JAMES C. WACHTMAN, age 41, joined TLC Vision as President and Chief
Operating Officer in May 2002. Prior thereto, Mr. Wachtman served as Chief
Operating Officer of North America operations of LaserVision from June 1996 to
May 2002 and President of LaserVision from August 1998 to May 2002. From 1983
until he joined LaserVision, Mr. Wachtman was employed in various positions by
McGaw, Inc., a manufacturer of medical disposables. Most recently, he served as
Vice President of Operations of CAPS, a hospital pharmacy division of McGaw.
B. CHARLES BONO III, age 54, joined TLC Vision as Chief Financial
Officer in May 2002. Prior thereto, Mr. Bono served as Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of LaserVision from October 1992 to May
2002. From 1980 to 1992, Mr. Bono was employed by Storz Instrument Company, a
global marketer of ophthalmic devices and pharmaceutical products that is now a
part of Bausch and Lomb Surgical, serving as Vice President of Finance from 1987
to 1992.
LLOYD D. FIORINI, J.D., LL.M., age 36, was appointed Secretary of TLC
Vision in November 1999 and General Counsel of TLC Vision in March 2000. In May
2002, Mr. Fiorini became Co-General Counsel of TLC Vision. Prior to joining TLC
Vision as legal counsel in July 1998, Mr. Fiorini practiced law in the
Washington, D.C. offices of the law firm Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and
Popeo, P.C. Mr. Fiorini's practice focused in the areas of health care fraud and
abuse, health care compliance and health care transactions. Mr. Fiorini received
a Masters of Law in Health Law from Loyola University School of Law - Chicago.
ROBERT W. MAY, J.D., age 55, joined TLC VISION as Co-General Counsel in
May 2002 and was appointed Secretary as of June 1, 2002. Prior thereto, Mr. May
served as Vice-Chairman and General Counsel of LaserVision from September 1993
to May 2002. Prior to joining LaserVision as a full-time
118
employee, Mr. May served as Corporate Secretary, General Corporate Counsel and a
director of LaserVision. Mr. May was engaged in private legal practice in St.
Louis, Missouri from 1985 until 1993.
Paul Frederick, age 50, has been the Executive Vice President, Human Resources
of TLC Vision since February 2001. Prior to joining TLC Vision, Mr. Frederick
worked at the Thomas Cook Group Ltd.(UK), from 1992 to 2000 where he held ever
increasing levels of responsibility. He most recently served as Executive Vice
President, Business Transformation. From 1988 to 1992, Mr. Frederick ran his own
consulting practice specializing in leading-edge behavioral based human resource
products. From 1978 to 1988 Paul worked at the American Express Company where he
held the positions of Assistant Vice President Human Resources for the Fireman's
Insurance Company and later Vice President, Human Resources, General Services
and Facilities, American Express Canada.
SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE.
Section 16(a) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
requires TLC Vision's directors, officers and persons who own more than 10% of a
registered class of TLC Vision's equities securities to file reports of
ownership on Form 3 and changes in ownership on Form 4 or 5 with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission. Such directors, officers and 10%
shareholders also are required by U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's
rules to furnish TLC Vision with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.
TLC Vision assists its directors and officers in preparing their Section 16(a)
reports. To the knowledge of TLC Vision, all Section 16(a) filing requirements
applicable to its officers, directors and 10% shareholders were complied with
during the 2002 fiscal year except that each of Messrs. Davidson and Machat and
Ms. Maddie Walker filed one late report with respect to two, one and four
transactions, respectively, occurring during the 2002 fiscal year and each of
Messrs. Bono, Garvey, Joseph, Klobnak, Lindstrom, May and Wachtman filed late an
Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities on Form 3.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
INFORMATION ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth all compensation earned during the last
three completed fiscal years by (i) TLC Vision's Chief Executive Officer,(ii)
TLC Vision's four highest paid executive officers who were serving as executive
officers at the end of the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002 and whose annual
salary and bonus exceeded U.S.$100,000 in fiscal 2002, and (iii) two former
executive officers who would have been one of the four highest paid executive
officers but for the fact they were not serving as executive officers at the end
of fiscal 2002. The persons included in the table below are sometimes referred
to as TLC Vision's named executive officers. All amounts are in U.S. dollars.
119
Summary Compensation Table
ANNUAL LONG-TERM
COMPENSATION COMPENSATION
------------ ------------
SECURITIES
SALARY BONUS UNDERLYING
FISCAL JUNE 1 - JUNE 1 - ALL OTHER OPTIONS
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION YEAR MAY 31 MAY 31 COMPENSATION($) (#)
- --------------------------- ------ -------- -------- --------------- -----------
Elias Vamvakas, 2002 $384,468 180,000
Chief Executive Officer 2001 $378,063 209,156 --
2000 342,428 --
David C. Eldridge, 2002 206,652 20,450 14,000
Executive Vice President, 2001 233,769 9,850 50,500
Strategic Development 2000 207,426 12,500 15,500
William P. Leonard, 2002 161,170 38,900 14,000
Executive Vice-President, 2001 190,198 8,571 50,000
Eastern Zone 2000 149,904 70,913 10,500
Lloyd Fiorini, 2002 118,803 31,260 14,000
Co-General Counsel 2001 134,293 1,813 50,000
2000 107,393 5,941 6,000
Paul Frederick, Executive Vice 2002 104,776 60,190 14,000
President, Human Resources(1) 2001 33,019 40,000
Thomas G. O'Hare, Former 2002 218,883 162,500 663,363(3) --
President and Chief Operating 2001 269,608 15,000 50,000 250,000
Officer(2)
Brian Park, Former Interim CFO 2002 109,034 19,514 115,225(5) 8,000
and Controller(4) 2001 97,276 -- -- 553
2000 9,140 -- 4,780
(1) Mr. Frederick became an executive officer on February 19, 2001.
(2) Mr. O'Hare became an executive officer on August 7, 2000. Mr. O'Hare's
employment agreement was terminated effective December 7, 2001.
(3) Includes $650,000 paid to Mr. O'Hare in connection with the termination of
his employment and $13,363 paid to Mr. O'Hare for unused vacation days as
of the date of the termination of his employment.
(4) Mr. Park became an executive officer on April 24, 2000. Mr. Parks'
employment was terminated in May 2002.
(5) Includes C$165,249 paid to Mr. Park in connection with the termination of
his employment and C$17,210 paid to Mr. Parks for unused vacation days as
of the date of the termination of his employment.
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The following table sets forth the individual grants of TLC Vision
stock options for fiscal 2002 to the named executive officers:
OPTIONS GRANTED DURING FISCAL 2002
% OF TOTAL VALUE UNDER
SECURITIES OPTIONS BLACK-
UNDERLYING GRANTED TO SCHOLES
OPTIONS EMPLOYEES EXERCISE OPTION
GRANTED IN FISCAL OR BASE PRICING
NAME (#)(1) YEAR PRICE EXPIRATION DATE MODEL(2)
- ----- ---------- ----------- -------- --------------- -----------
Elias Vamvakas 180,000 27.5% $ 2.52 Jan 3, 2007 $ 295,200
David C. Eldridge 14,000 2.2% $ 2.57 Dec 1, 2006 $ 23,380
William P. Leonard 14,000 2.2% $ 2.57 Dec 1, 2006 $ 23,380
Lloyd Fiorini 14,000 2.2% $ 2.57 Dec 1, 2006 $ 23,380
Paul Frederick 14,000 2.2% $ 2.57 Dec 1, 2006 $ 23.380
Thomas G. O'Hare -- -- -- -- --
Brian Park 8,000 1.2% $ 2.57 Dec 1, 2006 $ 13,360
(1) Each option will be exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of
shares underlying the option on each of the first, second, third and fourth
anniversaries at the date of grant.
(2) Assumes: 4.25% risk-free rate of interest; dividend yield of 0%; volatility
88%; options expire in 5 years and the expected life is 4 years.
The following table sets forth all TLC Vision stock options exercised
by TLC Vision's named executive officers during fiscal 2002 and the total number
of shares underlying unexercised TLC Vision stock options of TLC Vision's named
executive officers and their dollar value at the end of fiscal 2002:
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AGGREGATE OPTION EXERCISES DURING FISCAL 2002 AND FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
NUMBER OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING VALUE OF UNEXERCISED IN-THE-MONEY
UNEXERCISED OPTIONS OPTIONS AT FISCAL YEAR-END(1)
AT FISCAL YEAR-END ($)
------------------------------- --------------------------------
COMMON
SHARES
ACQUIRED AGGREGATE
ON EXERCISE VALUE
NAME EXERCISE (#) REALIZED($) EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE
- ---- ------------ ----------- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------
Elias Vamvakas 429,136 180,000 131,584 106,019
David C. Eldridge 55,375 59,625 5,846 25,099
William P. Leonard 37,325 56,750 5,625 24,435
Lloyd Fiorini 21,500 54,500 5,571 23,408
Paul Frederick 10,000 44,000 0 6,695
Thomas G. O'Hare 250,000 -- 0 0
Brian Park 2,528 10,805 62 4,010
(1) Value is based upon the closing price of TLC Vision's common shares on the
Nasdaq National Market System on May 31, 2002, which was $3.11.
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND CHANGE OF CONTROL
AGREEMENTS
The following is a brief summary of all employment or change of control
agreements between the Company and each of the executive officers and former
executive officers named in the summary compensation table.
MR. ELIAS VAMVAKAS
TLC Vision entered into an employment contract with Mr. Elias Vamvakas on
January 1, 1996. He is the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the board of
directors of TLC Vision. This agreement was amended on August 14, 1998. The
initial term of the amended agreement was five years commencing on January 1,
1996 with automatic one-year renewals unless otherwise terminated by the
parties. During the initial year of the agreement, the base salary was $225,000,
$250,000 in the second year of the term, $275,000 in the third year, $316,250 in
the fourth year, and $363,750 in the fifth year. The agreement also provided for
Mr. Vamvakas to receive, except in the fourth and fifth years of the contract, a
discretionary annual bonus as determined by the TLC Vision board of directors.
Under the amendment to the contract, Mr. Vamvakas was granted options to acquire
an aggregate of 250,000 TLC Vision common shares at an exercise price of
Cdn$20.75 ($13.13). Options to acquire 125,000 TLC Vision common shares vested
immediately and options to acquire 62,500 were to vest on each of December 31,
1999 and 2000, provided that, prior to such dates, (a) TLC Vision achieved
certain financial results or (b) the price of the TLC Vision common shares on
The Toronto Stock Exchange reached certain levels. As neither of these
conditions were met on the specified dates, the unvested options were forfeited.
Mr. Vamvakas' contract was further amended as of January 1, 2001 to provide for
the payment of a cash performance bonus of $209,156.25 if (a) TLC Vision
achieved certain
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financial results, or (b) the price of the TLC Vision common shares on The
Toronto Stock Exchange reached certain levels during the 2001 calendar year.
Based on the price of TLC Vision common shares on The Toronto Stock Exchange in
2001, Mr. Vamvakas was entitled to the performance bonus for 2001.
Mr. Vamvakas' employment may be terminated for just cause (as defined in the
agreement). If terminated other than for just cause, Mr. Vamvakas will be
entitled to receive 24 months' base salary and bonus and shall be entitled to
exercise all TLC Vision stock options granted but not otherwise exercisable or
forfeited.
Mr. Vamvakas' contract contains non-competition and non-solicitation covenants
which run for a period of two years following his employment and prohibit Mr.
Vamvakas from engaging in or having a financial interest in a business involved
in the financing, development and/or operation of excimer laser eye surgery
clinics or secondary eye care clinics in geographic markets where TLC Vision
carries on business and from employing or soliciting any employee or consultant
of TLC Vision. The agreement also contains confidentiality covenants preventing
Mr. Vamvakas from disclosing confidential or proprietary information relating to
TLC Vision at any time during or after his employment.
In January 2002, Mr. Vamvakas' contract was amended again and he will receive a
base salary of $275,000 and the potential to receive up to a 100% bonus if
certain criteria are met.
THOMAS G. O'HARE
TLC Vision entered into an employment agreement with Thomas G. O'Hare, formerly
President and Chief Operating Officer of TLC Vision, for a three-year term
commencing August 7, 2000 with automatic one-year renewals unless otherwise
terminated by the parties. The annual base salary under the employment agreement
was $325,000, with an annual review of salary increase by TLC Vision based on
the discretion of the TLC Vision board of directors. Mr. O'Hare also received a
signing bonus upon entering into the agreement worth $50,000.
As an inducement to enter into his employment agreement with TLC Vision, Mr.
O'Hare was granted options to acquire 250,000 TLC Vision common shares.
One-third of these options were scheduled to vest on each of the first, second
and third anniversaries of the commencement of the term of the agreement.
Mr. O'Hare's employment agreement with TLC Vision was terminated effective
December 7, 2001. Pursuant to the terms of the separation agreement, Mr. O'Hare
will receive a payment of $650,000, representing 24 months of Mr. O'Hare's
current base salary. The agreement also provides that all of Mr. O'Hare's
options will vest and will be exercisable for a period of 24 months following
the date of termination.
Mr. O'Hare's employment agreement contained non-competition and non-solicitation
covenants which run for a minimum of two years following his employment and
prohibit Mr. O'Hare from engaging in or having a financial interest in an entity
engaged in the refractive laser corrective surgery business or which competes
with TLC Vision in Canada or the United States and from employing any employee
of TLC Vision or soliciting any employee, patient, customer or supplier of TLC
Vision. The agreement also contained confidentiality covenants preventing Mr.
O'Hare from disclosing confidential or proprietary information relating to TLC
Vision at any time during or after his employment. The non-competition,
non-solicitation and confidentiality covenants continue in force under the terms
of Mr. O'Hare's separation agreement.
123
DAVID C. ELDRIDGE, O.D
TLC Vision has entered into an employment agreement with Dr. David Eldridge who
is Executive Vice President, Clinical Affairs of TLC Vision. The term of the
agreement is three years commencing on September 1, 1999 with automatic one-year
renewals unless otherwise terminated by the parties. The base annual salary
under the employment agreement is $183,337, with an annual review of salary
increases by TLC Vision based on the discretion of the TLC Vision board of
directors. Dr. Eldridge is also entitled to receive options under TLC Vision
Vision's stock option plan. Dr. Eldridge's compensation also includes an annual
bonus of up to 20% of his annual salary based on Dr. Eldridge's personal
performance and the financial performance of TLC Vision as a whole.
Dr. Eldridge's employment may be terminated by TLC Vision for just cause, as
defined in the agreement. If terminated for other than just cause, Dr. Eldridge
will be entitled to receive 12 months' base salary plus an additional month for
each year worked following December 10, 1998 to a maximum of six additional
months.
The agreement contains change of control proVisions that provide, among other
things, that Dr. Eldridge may terminate his employment with TLC Vision for any
reason within six months following a change of control and would be entitled to
12 months' base annual salary on termination.
Dr. Eldridge's agreement contains non-competition and non-solicitation covenants
which run for a minimum of one year following his employment and prohibit Dr.
Eldridge from engaging in or having a financial interest in, or permitting the
use of his name by, an entity engaged in the refractive laser corrective surgery
business or which competes with TLC Vision. The agreement also prohibits him
from employing any employee of TLC Vision or soliciting any patient of TLC
Vision during the same time period. Additionally, the agreement contains
confidentiality covenants preventing Dr. Eldridge from disclosing confidential
or proprietary information relating to TLC Vision at any time during or after
his employment.
WILLIAM P. LEONARD
TLC Vision has entered into an employment contract with Mr. William P. Leonard
who is Executive Vice President, Operations of TLC Vision. The term of the
agreement is three years commencing on June 1, 2000 with automatic one year
renewals unless otherwise terminated by the parties. The base annual salary
under the employment agreement is $150,000, with an annual review of salary
increases by TLC Vision based on the discretion of the TLC Vision board of
directors. Mr. Leonard is also entitled to receive options under TLC Vision
Vision's stock option plan. Mr. Leonard's compensation also includes an annual
bonus of up to 20% of his annual salary based on Mr. Leonard's personal
performance and the financial performance of TLC Vision as a whole.
Mr. Leonard's employment may be terminated for just cause, as defined in the
agreement. If terminated for other than just cause, Mr. Leonard will be entitled
to receive 12 months' base salary plus an additional month for each year worked
following the third anniversary of the effective date of the agreement to a
maximum of six additional months.
The agreement contains change of control proVisions that provide, among other
things, that Mr. Leonard may voluntarily terminate his employment with TLC
Vision within six months following a change of control and would be entitled to
12 months' base salary on termination.
124
Mr. Leonard's agreement also contains non-competition, and non-solicitation
covenants which run for a minimum of one year following his employment and
prohibit Mr. Leonard from engaging in or having a financial interest in, or
permitting the use of his name by, an entity engaged in the refractive laser
corrective surgery business or which competes with TLC Vision. The agreement
also prohibits him from employing any employee of TLC Vision or soliciting any
patient of TLC Vision during the same time period. Additionally, the agreement
contains confidentiality covenants preventing Mr. Leonard from disclosing
confidential or proprietary information relating to TLC VISION at any time
during or after his employment.
PAUL FREDERICK
TLC Vision has entered into an employment contract with Mr. Paul
Frederick, who is the Executive Vice President, Human Resources of TLC Vision.
The agreement is for an indefinite term commencing on February 19, 2001 and
continuing until termination of employment in accordance with the agreement. The
base annual salary under the employment agreement is $108,592, with an annual
review of salary increases by TLC Vision based on the discretion of the TLC
Vision board of directors. Mr. Frederick is also entitled to receive certain
employee benefits provided to other employees under TLC Vision's stock option
plan. Mr. Frederick's compensation also includes an annual bonus of up to 50% of
his annual salary based on performance criteria agreed upon by TLC Vision's
President and Chief Operating Officer.
Mr. Frederick's employment may be terminated for just cause, as defined
in the agreement. If terminated for other than just cause, Mr. Frederick will be
entitled to receive 12 months' base salary plus an additional month for each
year worked following February 19, 2004 to a maximum of six additional months.
The agreement contains change of control provisions that provide, among
other things, that Mr. Frederick may voluntarily terminate his employment with
TLC Vision within 24 months following a change of control and upon termination
would be entitled to 12 months' base salary or, if such termination occurs after
February 19, 2004, 24 months' base salary.
Mr. Frederick's agreement contains non-competition and non-solicitation
covenants which run for one year following his employment and prohibit Mr.
Frederick from engaging in or having a financial interest in, or permitting the
use of his name by, an entity engaged in the refractive laser corrective surgery
business or which competes with TLC Vision. The agreement also prohibits him
from employing any employee of TLC Vision or soliciting any patient of TLC
Vision during the same time period. Additionally, the agreement contains
confidentiality covenants preventing Mr. Frederick from disclosing confidential
or proprietary information relating to TLC Vision at any time during or after
his employment.
LLOYD FIORINI
TLC Vision has entered into an employment contract with Mr. Lloyd
Fiorini, who is the Co-General Counsel of TLC Vision. The agreement is for an
indefinite term commencing on July 13, 1998 and continuing until termination of
employment in accordance with the agreement. The base annual salary under the
employment agreement is $111,785, with an annual review of salary increases by
TLC Vision based on the discretion of the TLC Vision board of directors. Mr.
Fiorini is also entitled to receive certain employee benefits provided to other
employees and options under TLC Vision's stock option plan. Mr. Fiorini's
compensation also includes an annual bonus of up to 20% of his annual salary
based on Mr. Fiorini's personal performance and the financial performance of TLC
Vision as a whole.
Mr. Fiorini has entered into a separation agreement with TLC Vision
pursuant to which Mr. Fiorini will resign from TLC Vision effective December 2,
2002. In connection with Mr. Fiorini's resignation, he will receive a payment
equal to 13 months of his regular salary and an additional amount equal to five
percent of his regular salary for the purpose of obtaining benefits coverage.
Mr. Fiorini's employment agreement contains non-competition and
non-solicitation covenants which run for one year following his employment and
prohibit Mr. Fiorini from engaging in or having a financial interest in an
entity engaged in the refractive laser corrective surgery business or which
competes with TLC Vision in Canada or the United States and from employing any
employee of TLC Vision or soliciting any employee, patient, customer or supplier
of TLC Vision. The agreement also contained confidentiality covenants preventing
Mr. Fiorini from disclosing confidential or proprietary information relating to
TLC Vision at any time during or after his employment. The non-competition,
non-solicitation and confidentiality covenants continue in force under the terms
of Mr. Fiorini's separation agreement.
On December 13, 2001, TLC entered into a consulting services agreement
with Warren Rustand, a director of TLC Vision, and J.L. Investment, Inc., a
corporation controlled by Mr. Rustand. The agreement provides for Mr. Rustand
and J.L. Investment, Inc. to oversee the development of TLC Vision's
international business development project. The term of the engagement was the
six-month period from January 1, 2002 to June 30, 2002 for which TLC Vision paid
a fee of $125,000.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
During fiscal 2002, the compensation committee of the TLC Vision Board
of Directors was composed of Messrs. Gourwitz, Davidson and Rustand and Dr.
Sullins. [None of the members of the compensation committee was an officer,
employee or former officer or employee of TLC Vision or any of its subsidiaries.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
During fiscal 2002, Directors who were not executive officers of TLC
Vision were entitled to receive an attendance fee of $500 for each meeting
attended as well as an annual fee of $15,000. Non-executive directors are
reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending
meetings of the TLC Vision Board of Directors. In addition, outside directors
are entitled to receive options to acquire TLC Vision common shares under TLC
Vision's stock option plan based on TLC Vision's performance. For fiscal 2002,
options to acquire 15,000 TLC Vision common shares at an exercise price of
$2.57, for directors resident in the United States, and Cdn$4.04, for
directors resident in Canada, were granted to each of the outside directors. The
chair of each of the audit, compensation and corporate governance committee also
receives an annual fee of $5,000.
In addition, in connection with the merger between TLC Vision and
LaserVision, TLC Vision entered into an employment agreement with John J.
Klobnak which provides, among other things, for Mr. Klobnak's resignation as an
officer of LaserVision on the closing date of the merger and for Mr. Klobnak to
serve as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of TLC Vision from May 2002 to
May 2003. See "Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
PART III
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
SECURITY OWNERSHIP.
The following table sets forth, as of August 1, 2002, the number of TLC
Vision common shares beneficially owned by each director of TLC Vision, each of
the named executive officers of TLC Vision, the current directors and executive
officers of TLC Vision as a group, and each person who, to the knowledge of the
directors or officers of TLC Vision, beneficially owns, directly or indirectly,
or exercises control or direction over
125
common shares carrying more than 5% of the voting rights attached to all
outstanding TLC Vision common shares.
TOTAL NUMBER OF PERCENTAGE OF
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE SHARES COMMON SHARES OPTIONS OPTIONS NOT
OFFICERS AND 5% BENEFICIALLY BENEFICIALLY BENEFICIALLY PRESENTLY
SHAREHOLDERS OWNED OWNED OWNED EXERCISABLE
- -------------------- --------------- ------------- ------------ -----------
TAL Global Asset Management Inc. 5,231,625 8.1% -- --
Elias Vamvakas 3,770,008 5.8% 429,136 180,000
John J. Klobnak 2,051,241 3.1% 1,830,000 --
Howard J. Gourwitz 45,896 * 45,000 --
Dr. William D. Sullins, Jr 78,900 * 45,000 20,000
Warren S. Rustand 47,928 * 45,000 --
John F. Riegert 52,234 * 47,500 --
Thomas N. Davidson 40,000 * 30,000 --
Dr. Mark Whitten 49,384 * 8,750 --
Dr. Richard Lindstrom 387,541 * 320,625 22,375
James M. Garvey 101,705 * 91,065 2,375
David S. Joseph 9,500 * 9,500 --
William Leonard 37,525 * 37,325 56,750
David C. Eldridge 151,389 * 55,375 59,625
Paul Frederick 10,000 * 10,000 44,000
Lloyd Fiorini 21,500 * 21,500 54,500
Thomas G. O'Hare 255,656 * -- --
Brian Park 2,528 * 2,528 10,805
All directors and officers as a
group (16 persons) 9,752,478 13.8% 5,916,267 376,688
- ------------
* Less than one percent.
The address for TAL Global Asset Management Inc. is 1000 de la
Gauchetiere West, Suite 3100 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3B 4W5. The information
shown with respect to TAL Global Asset Management Inc. is based on a Schedule
13G, dated March 20, 2002, of TAL Global Asset Management Inc. The information
in the Schedule 13G indicates that TAL Global Asset Management Inc. has the sole
power to vote and dispose of such shares.
The address for Mr. Vamvakas is 5280 Solar Drive, Suite 300,
Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5M8.
Under the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, shares
of common stock which an individual or group has a right to acquire within 60
days by exercising options or warrants are deemed to be outstanding for the
purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of that individual or group,
but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage
ownership of any other person shown in the table. The Percentage of Common
Shares Beneficially Owned has been calculated on the basis of 64,771,450
common shares of TLC Vision issued and outstanding as of August 1, 2002.
126
Total Number of Shares Beneficially Owned includes the shares listed
under the column Options Beneficially Owned, which are the shares subject to
outstanding options which are presently exercisable or are exercisable within 60
days of August 1, 2002. Total Number of Shares Beneficially Owned also includes
1,749,516 shares held indirectly by Mr. Vamvakas through WWJD Corporation, a
corporation wholly owned by the Vamvakas Family Trust, and 1,000,484 held
indirectly by Mr. Vamvakas through Insight International Bank Corp. Mr.
Eldridge's total includes 6,426 shares held indirectly by Megan Eldridge. The
table excludes 234,702 shares owned by LNG Enterprises, Inc., of which Mr.
Gourwitz is an associate.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The following table sets forth certain information as of May 31, 2002
with respect to each equity plan or arrangement pursuant to warrants or options
to purchase the Company's common shares have been granted:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category Number of securities
remaining
Number of available for
securities to future issuance
be issued under equity
upon Weighted- compensation
exercise of average plans
outstanding exercise price of (excluding
options, outstanding securities
warrants and options, warrants reflected in
rights out rights column (a))
------------ ----------------- --------------------
Equity compensation plans approved by security 10,972,746(1) $ 5.57 445,515
holders
Equity compensation plans not approved by security -- -- --
holders
Total 10,972,746(1) $ 5.57 445,515
- ------------
(1) Total includes options and warrants to acquire approximately 8,000,000
common shares assumed by TLC Vision in connection with its acquisition of
LaserVision.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002, the law firm Gourwitz and
Barr, P.C., of which Mr. Gourwitz is a shareholder, provided legal services to
TLC VISION.
LaserVision, a subsidiary of TLC Vision, has a limited partnership
agreement with Minnesota Eye Consultants for the operation of one of its
roll-on/roll-off mobile systems. Dr. Richard Lindstrom, a director of TLC
Vision, is President of Minnesota Eye Consultants. LaserVision is the general
partner and owns 60% of the partnership. Minnesota Eye Consultants, P.A. is a
limited partner and owns 40% of the partnership. Under the terms of the
partnership agreement, LaserVision receives a revenue-based
127
management fee from the partnership. During the 2002 fiscal year, LaserVision
received a management fee in the amount of $97,000 from the partnership. Dr.
Lindstrom also receives compensation from TLC Vision in his capacity as medical
director of both TLC Vision and LaserVision.
In September 2000, LaserVision entered into a five-year agreement with
Minnesota Eye Consultants to provide laser access. LaserVision paid $6.2 million
to acquire five lasers and the exclusive right to provide laser access to
Minnesota Eye Consultants. LaserVision also assumed leases on three of the five
lasers acquired. The transaction resulted in a $5.0 million intangible asset
recorded as deferred contract rights which will be amortized over the life of
the agreement. During the 2002 fiscal year, LaserVision received a total of
$1.5 million in revenue as a result of the agreement.
On March 1, 2001, a limited liability company indirectly wholly owned
by TLC Vision acquired all of the non-medical assets relating to the refractive
practice of Dr. Mark Whitten prior to Dr. Whitten becoming a director of TLC
Vision. The cost of this acquisition was $20.0 million with $10.0 million paid
in cash on March 1, 2001 and the remaining $10.0 million payable in four equal
installments on each of the first four anniversary dates of closing. Dr. Whitten
became a director of TLC Vision in May 2002. As at May 31, 2002 the remaining
discounted amounts payable to Dr. Whitten of $5.8 million as is included in long
term debt. (See Note 11, Long term debt). In addition, TLC Vision has entered
into service agreements with companies that own Dr. Whitten's refractive
satellite operations located in Frederick, Maryland, and Charlottesville,
Virginia, under which TLC Vision will provide such companies with services in
return for a fee. During the 2002 fiscal year, TLC Vision received a total of
$761,000 in revenue as a result of the service agreements.
Under the purchase agreement, Dr. Whitten also has agreed to a
non-competition covenant which will cease to apply if TLC Vision fails to pay
the deferred portion of the purchase price.
Dr. Whitten also entered into an employment agreement effective March
1, 2001 with a professional corporation in which TLC Vision has an exclusive
management agreement. Dr. Whitten agreed to be employed for 15 years to perform
refractive surgery at TLC Vision sites through this professional corporation.
For so long as Dr. Whitten's employment agreement is in force, Dr. Whitten will
have one of the three seats on the management board of the TLC Vision limited
liability company that acquired his assets.
During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2002, J.L. Investments, Inc. of
which Mr. Warren Rustand, a director of TLC Vision, is a shareholder, and Mr.
Warren Rustand entered into a consulting agreement with the Company to oversee
the development of the Company's international business development project.
J.L. Investments and Mr. Rustand received $125,000 under this agreement.
In connection with the acquisition of LaserVision, TLC Vision entered
into employment agreements with each of James C. Wachtman, President and Chief
Operating Officer of TLC Vision, Robert W. May, Co-General Counsel of TLC
Vision, and B. Charles Bono, Chief Financial Officer of TLC Vision. Mr.
Wachtman's employment agreement provides for the employment of Mr. Wachtman as
President and Chief Operating Officer of TLC Vision and entitles Mr. Wachtman to
receive, among other things:
o an annual salary in the amount of $325,000; provided, however,
that in the first year of the contract Mr. Wachtman shall receive
$292,500 and the remainder will be deferred pursuant to the salary
deferral program for members of TLC Vision's senior management;
o an annual bonus of up to 50% of his salary upon the attainment of
specified performance goals; and
o severance payments in the event of termination of Mr. Wachtman's
employment without cause.
The employment agreements provide for the employment of Messrs. May and
Bono as executive officers of TLC Vision and entitles each of them to receive,
among other things:
o an annual salary in the amount of $255,000 and $240,000,
respectively;
128
o an annual bonus of up to 50% of each officer's base salary upon
the attainment of specified performance goals; provided that each
officer will receive a guaranteed bonus of at least 25% of his
base salary for the first year of his employment;
o full vesting and immediate exercisability for each TLC Vision
Vision stock option received in exchange for LaserVision options
or warrants as a result of the merger; and
o severance payments in the event of termination of each officer's
employment without cause, or upon death, disability or resignation
of or by the officer for specified reasons or within 18 months of
the closing date of the merger.
In addition, TLC Vision entered into an employment agreement with John
J. Klobnak, the Vice Chairman of TLC Vision, which provides, among other things,
for Mr. Klobnak's resignation as an officer of LaserVision on the closing date
of the merger and for his service as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of
TLC Vision for one year following the closing date of the merger. In return, Mr.
Klobnak received:
o a cash payment equal to $2,844,000 plus the cash equivalent of his
LaserVision unused vacation time accrued on the date of the merger
agreement;
o fully vested and immediately exercisable options to purchase
500,000 TLC Vision common shares;
o full vesting and immediate exercisability for each TLC Vision
stock option received in exchange for LaserVision options or
warrants as a result of the merger; and
o certain "piggyback" registration rights with respect to his TLC
Vision common shares.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as part of the report:
(1) Financial statements:
Report of Independent Auditors.
Consolidated Statements of Income - Years Ended May 31, 2000, 2001
and 2002.
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2001 and 2002.
Consolidated Statements of Deficit - Years Ended May 31, 2001 and
2002.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Financial Position - Years
Ended May 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
129
(2) Financial statement schedules required to be filed by Item 8 and
Item 14(d) of Form 10-K.
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves
Except as provided below, all schedules for which provision is
made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission either have been included in the
Consolidated Financial Statements or are not required under the
related instructions, or are inapplicable and therefore have been
omitted.
(3) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K and by Item 14(c).
See Exhibit Index.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
The Company filed a current report on Form 8-K under Item 5 on April
18, 2002 to disclose that, along with Laser Vision Centers, Inc.
("LaserVision"), it had issued a joint press release announcing that
shareholders of each company had approved the merger of TLC Vision and
LaserVision and that the companies agreed to extend the closing date
due to a continuing strike by Ontario public service employees.
The Company filed a current report on Form 8-K under Item 2 on May 15,
2002 to disclose that the merger between the Company and LaserVision
was completed as of May 15, 2002. The report described the terms of the
merger agreement and disclosed that the number of members comprising
the board of directors of the Company was increased from seven to
eleven to include four newly elected members joining from LaserVision's
former board of directors.
(c) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
See Exhibit Index.
(d) None
130
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
Balance at Deductions- Balance at
beginning Expense Uncollectable end
of year provision Other (1) Amounts of year
---------- --------- --------- ------------- ----------
(in thousands)
Fiscal 2000
Doubtful accounts receivable 2,527 2,553 -- (1,183) 3,897
Provision against investments and other assets -- -- -- --
Fiscal 2001
Doubtful accounts receivable $ 2,849 $ 646 $ -- $(2,335) $ 1,160
Provision against investments and other assets -- 1,913 -- -- 1,913
Fiscal 2002
Doubtful accounts receivable $ 1,160 $ 521 $ 1,742 $ (896) $ 2,527
Provision against investments and other assets 1,913 2,016 -- -- 3,929
Note (1): additional provision for doubtful accounts was acquired in the merger
transaction with LaserVision
131
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this amendment to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
TLC VISION CORPORATION
By /s/ ELIAS VAMVAKAS
----------------------------------
Elias Vamvakas
Chief Executive Officer
August 28, 2002
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signature Title Dated
--------- ----- -----
/s/ ELIAS VAMVAKAS Chief Executive Officer and August 28, 2002
- ----------------------------------- Chairman of the Board of Directors
Elias Vamvakas
/s/ B. CHARLES BONO III Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer August 28, 2002
- ----------------------------------- and Principal Accounting Officer
B. Charles Bono III
/s/ JOHN J. KLOBNAK Director August 28, 2002
- -----------------------------------
John J. Klobnak
/s/ JOHN F. RIEGERT Director August 28, 2002
- -----------------------------------
John F. Riegert
/s/ HOWARD J. GOURWITZ Director August 29, 2002
- -----------------------------------
Howard J. Gourwitz
/s/ WILLIAM DAVID SULLINS, JR., OD Director August 29, 2002
- -----------------------------------
William David Sullins, Jr., OD
Director August __, 2002
- -----------------------------------
Thomas N. Davidson
/s/ WARREN S. RUSTAND Director August 29, 2002
- -----------------------------------
Warren S. Rustand
Director August __, 2002
- -----------------------------------
Mark Whitten, M.D.
/s/ JAMES M. GARVEY Director August 29, 2002
- -----------------------------------
James M. Garvey
/s/ RICHARD L. LINDSTROM, M.D. Director August 28, 2002
- -----------------------------------
Richard L. Lindstrom, M.D.
/s/ DAVID S. JOSEPH Director August 28, 2002
- -----------------------------------
David S. Joseph
132
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
No. Description
- ------- -----------
3.1 Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's 10-K filed with the Commission on
August 28, 1998)
3.2 Articles of Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.2 to the Company's 10-K filed with the Commission on August
29, 2000)
3.3 Articles of Continuance (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.6 of the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4/A
filed with the Commission on March 1, 2002 (file no.
333-71532))
3.4 Articles of Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 to the Company's Post Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form
S-8 to Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed with the
Commission on May 14, 2002 (file no. 333-71532))
3.5 By-Laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3.6 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4/A
filed with the Commission on March 1, 2002 (file no.
333-71532))
4.1 Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement dated as of September 21,
1999 between the Company and CIBC Mellon Company (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-4 filed with the Commission on October 12,
2001)
10.1 TLC Vision Amended and Restated Share Option Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission
on December 31, 1997 (file no. 333-8162))
10.2 TLC Vision Share Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4(b) to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
S-8 filed with the Commission on December 31, 1997 (file no.
333-8162))
10.3 Employment Agreement with Elias Vamvakas (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1(e) to the Company's 10-K filed with
the Commission on August 28, 1998)
10.4 Escrow Agreement with Elias Vamvakas and Jeffery J. Machat
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(f) to the Company's
10-K filed with the Commission on August 28, 1998)
10.5 Consulting Agreement with Excimer Management Corporation
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(g) to the Company's
10-K filed with the Commission on August 28, 1998)
10.6 Shareholder Agreement for Vision Corporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1(l) to the Company's 10-K filed with
the Commission on August 28, 1998)
133
10.7 Employment Agreement with David Eldridge (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1(m) to the Company's 10-K filed with
the Commission on August 29, 2000)
10.8 Employment Agreement with William Leonard (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1(n) to the Company's 10-K filed with
the Commission on August 29, 2000)
10.9 Consulting Agreement with Warren Rustand (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company's Amendment No. 2
Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed with the Commission
on January 18, 2002 (file no. 333-71532))
10.10 Employment Agreement with Paul Frederick
10.11 Employment Agreement with Lloyd Fiorini
10.12 Separation Agreement with Lloyd Fiorini
10.13 Employment Agreement with James C. Wachtman dated May 15, 2002
10.14 Employment Agreement with Robert W. May dated May 15, 2002
10.15 Employment Agreement with B. Charles Bono dated May 15, 2002
10.16 Supplemental Employment Agreement with John J. Klobnak dated
May 15, 2002
21.1 List of Registrant's Subsidiaries
23 Consent of Independent Chartered Accountants
99.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002